Thematische Bibliographien / Pulse beetle

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pulse beetle“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Pulse beetle"

Mansi Shukla und Newton Paul. „Comparative effect of Callosobruchus maculatus (Pest) on different pulses“. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 18, Nr. 1 (30.04.2024): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.18.1.0208.

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Experiments were undertaken in room circumstances on variety of pulses to investigate the seed damage and weight loss caused by pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. The pulses selected for the study of comparative effect of Callosobruchus maculatus were chick pea (desi chana) “Cicer arietinum”, golden gram (moong daal) “Vigna radiata”, field pea (matar) “Pisum sativum”, Lentil (Masur) “Lens culinaris” and Kabuli chana (Chola) “Cicer arietinum”. The selected five variety of pulses are infested with pulse beetles and kept the pulse boxes for forty-five days without disturbing the pulses.

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Perzada, Adeel Aslam, Arfan Ahmed Gilal, Lubna Bashir, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito und Dr Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar. „Distribution and damage potential of pulse beetles, Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Sindh, Pakistan“. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 59, Nr. 3 (23.09.2022): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-3)716.

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Callosobruchus spp. are global serious pests of pulses. Therefore, two studies were carried out to determine their distribution in three ecological zones of the Sindh, Pakistan along with their damage potential to major pulses. Survey was conducted from Zone-one (Ghotki, Sukkur and Larkana districts), Zone-two (Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas and Shaheed Benazirabad districts) and Zone-three (Karachi district) during March – April 2020. Grain samples of main pulses i.e., chickpea (channa), field pea (matar), cowpea (lobia), green lentil (moong) and daal channa were collected from three locations of each district and brought to Stored Grain Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for further examination. Three pulse beetle species i.e., C. maculatus, C. chinensis and C. analis were identified from the collected pulse samples as the highest populations of adults, eggs, grubs and pupae was recorded from moong, followed by lobia and gram. No population of pulse beetle was recorded from daal channa and matar. Callosobruchus maculatus was the most dominant species at all sampling as higher beetle populations were recorded from Mirpur Khas and Sukkur districts. Therefore, both these strains were further evaluated for their feeding preference and weight loss assessment on various pulses i.e., gram (chickpea), lobia (cowpea), moong (green gram) and daal channa (yellow lentil) in no-choice under laboratory conditions. C. maculatus showed a significant feeding preference among pulses with lobia and gram being the most preferred, whereas daal channa was the least preferred, hence suffered highest and lowest weight loss, respectively. Therefore, proper storage and quarantine measures are suggested to be taken in the transportation and storage of pulses to restrict the spread and damage of pulse beetles.

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Swamy, S. V. S. G., und B. J. Wesley. „Bioefficacy of plant oils applied through wooden cube impregnation against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in green gram“. Journal of Environmental Biology 43, Nr. 2 (11.03.2022): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/2/mrn-1841.

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Aim: To assess the bioefficacy of plant oils against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in green gram through wooden cube impregnation. Methodology: Bioefficacy of plant oils viz; clove, sweet flag, eucalyptus, orange, cedar wood and neem at two doses, i.e., 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml dispensed through a small wooden cube was assessed against the pulse beetle in green gram. The oils except neem are essential oils. A wooden cube impregnated with plant oil was placed over the grain surface and ten pairs of adult insects were released into each treatment. Data on oviposition, adult emergence and grain damage was recorded in each treatment. Insect mortality due to fumigant effect of plant oil at 0.5 ml per cube was also observed. Results: There was no oviposition by pulse beetles in clove, sweet flag, and eucalyptus oil treatments at 0.5 ml against the untreated control which recorded 14 eggs/100 grains. Consequently, no population buildup was observed in clove, sweet flag, eucalyptus and orange oil treatments after 120 days. A total of 2313.33 adults emerged from the untreated green gram inflicting 46.67 percent grain damage. In fumigant toxicity test, hundred per cent mortality of pulse beetle adults was observed with orange oil in 48 hr of treatment and with eucalyptus oil in 72 hr at 0.5 ml. The results indicated that the plant oils showed strong oviposition deterrence as well as insecticidal activity against the pulse beetle. Thus, application of essential oils through a wooden cube was found highly effective to keep away the pulse beetles. Interpretation: Essential oils of clove, sweet flag, eucalyptus and orange when applied through wooden cube impregnation at a dose as low as 0.5 ml showed strong oviposition deterrence and insecticidal activity against pulse beetle. The insecticidal activity of oils can be attributed to the fumigant action and can be used effectively to prevent pulse beetle infestation in grain legumes.

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Jayaram, C. S., Nandita Chauhan, Shudh Kirti Dolma und S. G. Eswara Reddy. „Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against the Pulse Beetle“. Molecules 27, Nr. 2 (17.01.2022): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020568.

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Pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus, are essential pests of cowpea, gram, soybean and pulses. Application of synthetic insecticides against the pulse beetle has led to insect resistance; insecticide residues on grains affect human health and the environment. Essential oils (EOs) are the best alternatives to synthetics due to their safety to the environment and health. The main objective of the investigation was to study the chemical composition and insecticidal activities of EOs, their combinations and compounds against the pulse beetle under laboratory. Neo-isomenthol, carvone and β-ocimene are the significant components of tested oils using GC-MS. Mentha spicata showed promising fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis (LC50 = 0.94 µL/mL) and was followed by M. piperita (LC50 = 0.98 µL/mL), whereas M. piperita (LC50 = 0.92 µL/mL) against C. maculatus. A combination of Tagetes minuta + M. piperita showed more toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC50 = 0.87 µL/mL) than T. minuta + M. spicata (LC50 = 1.07 µL/mL). L-Carvone showed fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC50 = 1.19 µL/mL). Binary mixtures of T. minuta +M. piperita and M. spicata showed promising toxicity and synergistic activity. EOs also exhibited repellence and ovipositional inhibition. The application of M. piperita can be recommended for the control of the pulse beetle.

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Sekender, Sanjida, Shanjida Sultana, Tangin Akter und Shefali Begum. „Susceptibility of different stored pulses infested by pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Lin.)“. Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 29, Nr. 1 (10.01.2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v29i1.46527.

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The susceptibility of different stored pulses infested by Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) was observed in three varieties of stored pulses i.e. gram (Cicer arietnum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and mung (Vigna radiata L.) during April, 2017 to May, 2018. The longest incubation-, larval- and pupal period of pulse beetle were in gram 5.4 ± 0.29, 12.6 ± 0.25, 5.5 ± 0.32 days, respectively and the shortest were in mung 4.6 ± 0.25, 11.3 ± 0.28, 4.2 ± 0.19 days, respectively. The shortest developmental period of pulse beetle was 20.1 ± 0.46 days in mung. The incubation-, larval-, pupal- and total developmental period of pulse beetle varied significantly between the pulse beetle grown in gram and mung (p < 0.05). The highest longevity and fecundity were in gram, 8.2 ± 0.33 days and 70.2 ± 7.53, respectively. The fecundity did not vary significantly in different stored pulses (p > 0.05). The longevity and number of adults emerged varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the gram and pea. The number of male emerged did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) between the different stored pulses and the number of female emerged varied significantly (p < 0.05) between gram and pea, pea and mung. The experiment revealed that pulse beetle preferred smooth coated and large size seeds to oviposit. Pea was found to be most resistant to attack by C. chinensis L. whereas mung was more susceptible than gram and pea. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 19-25, 2020 (January)

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Bhalekar, Nirmala B., Monika S. Barge, G. M. Hamane, V. R. Shelar, J. N. Parmar und Swati D. Shinde. „Effect of Pre-harvest Sprays of Insecticides/Botanicals for Control of Pulse Beetle Infestation and Seed Weight Loss in Mung Bean during Storage“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 19 (07.09.2023): 1655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193712.

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Field-cum-laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre-harvest spray of insecticides and botanicals for control of pulse beetle in mung bean at Seed Technology Research Unit, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, during kharif 2020 and summer 2021 with four treatments of pre-harvest spray of insecticides and botanicals and two genotypes of mung bean (Phule Vaibhav and BM 2003-2). The results noticed that, pulse beetle infestation and seed weight loss differed significantly due to pre- harvest spray of insecticides. The lowest number of pulse beetle infestation (%) and seed weight loss (%) were recorded in treatment Emamectine Benzoate@ 0.3 ml/L followed by Neemazal 10000 ppm @ 4 ml/L. In case of genotypes lower number of Pulse beetle infestation and seed weight loss were recorded in Phule Vaibhav as compared BM 2003-2. Among the interaction effect significantly lowest pulse beetle infestation as well as seed weight loss was observed with pre-harvest spraying of Emamectine Benzoate@ 0.3 ml/L in Phule Vaibhav to check the infestation of pulse beetle during storage up to 270 day.

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Kumar, Chaman, P. K. Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Munna Yadav und Amrendra Kumar. „Evaluation of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes against Pulse Beetle in Stored Grain“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 21 (20.10.2023): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213992.

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The pulse beetle is a significant issue for the stored pulses. The adoption of resistant sources is a dependable, environmentally friendly prerequisite for sustainable grain protection, even though chemical management is still the most efficient method of controlling pulse beetles at large-scale storage. The impact of mung bean genotypes against pulse beetles (Callosobruchus chinensis) in stored grain was conducted under laboratory conditions in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University Kanke, Ranchi, from September to October 2018. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design under the laboratory conditions. The results of the studies carried out on 52 genotypes of mung bean seed. the genotypes (SML 1829, VGG 16-058, IPM 2-14, KM 2355, SML 669, VGG 16-036, IPM 512-1, MH 1320 and Pusa Vishal), (IPM 2-14, HUM 16, SML 668 and KM 2355), (HUM 16, SML 668, IPM 2-14, MH 421, COGG 13-19, KM 2355, SML 1829, SML 1082, COGG 13-39, MH 13-20, VGG 16-058, VMS 13-12, SVM 61-61 and SML 669) and (IPM 2-14 and HUM 16) were performed best against C. chinensis on the basis of number of eggs laid, adult emergence, per cent grain weight loss and per cent seed germination, respectively.

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P. Harika, S. V. S. Gopala Swamy, G. V. Suneel Kumar und Ch. Varaprasada Rao. „SPECIES DIVERSITY OF PULSE BEETLE IN FOUR MAJOR GRAIN LEGUMES IN ANDHRA PRADESH“. Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, Nr. 4 (31.12.2023): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.4.09.

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Studies were carried in kharif, 2022 to know the species diversity of pulse beetles infesting stored grain legumes in Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh.The pulse beetles were identified as Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis based on their morphological characters. A total of 1391 adults of C. maculatus were observed in blackgram. About 737 and 473 individuals of C. maculatus were recorded in greengram and chickpea, respectively. A total of 566 individuals of C. maculatus and 241 individuals of C. chinensis were found in pigeonpea grains collected from the different storage godowns. The diversity indices for pulse beetle species in pigeonpea were calculated. The Shannon- Wiener index was 2.712, indicating moderate diversity.The species evenness was 0.6273 suggesting that the evenness among the species was zero and the Margalef index was 3.436 indicating relatively high species richness.

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Zaib, J., S. A. Memon, A. Ali, G. A. Bugti und G. Khaliq. „EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PESTICIDES AGAINST STORED GRAIN INSECT PESTS“. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 37, Nr. 2 (20.12.2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2021.37.2.6.

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The insect pests cause substantial loss of grains in the field and during storage of food grains that worth millions of rupees. Hence, in order to manage stored grain insect pests a combination of organic and inorganic pesticide control materials was selected to check the efficiency against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis). Total 10 treatments were used, eight different organic bio-pesticides (neem seed, neem leaves, naswar, tobacco, eucalyptus, citrus, dhatura and mint) and one inorganic (naphthalene balls) and control used at 32 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% RH. The results indicated that three doses of all treatments were used as 5, 10 and 20gm in 50gm grains. Overall, maximum (4.33 ± 1.00%) mortality of red flour beetle was observed using neem seed powder and no (0.0 0 ± 00%) mortality was observed in minte leaves powder. In case of pulse beetle, the maximum (5.07 ± 0.87%) mortality was observed using neem seed powder and minimum (0.66±0.22%) using citrus leaves powder. Maximum (16.26 ± 0.03) antifeedant efficiency of red flour beetle was observed in control group and minimum (6.46±0.65) antifeedant efficiency of red flour beetle was found in dhatura leaves powder at all tested concentrations. Maximum (14.23 ± 0.13) antifeedant efficiency of pulse beetle was determined in control group and and minimum (1.00 ± 0.04) was observed for naphthalene balls at all tested concentrations. Maximum (94.67%) repellency against red flour beetle was observed using neem seed powder and minimum (62.00%) was found in naphathalene balls as compared with their controls. Maximum (81.32%) repellency against pulse beetle was observed using naswar powder and minimum (63.34%) repellency was determined using neem leaves powder as compared with their control group. We concluded that 20% of neem seed powder concentration proved effective to suppress the population of both red flour beetle and pulse beetle.

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Miller, R. H., H. S. Whitney und A. A. Berryman. „Effects of induced translocation stress and bark beetle attack (Dendroctonus ponderosae) on heat pulse velocity and the dynamic wound response of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia)“. Canadian Journal of Botany 64, Nr. 11 (01.11.1986): 2669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-351.

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The effects of induced translocation stress upon heat pulse velocity, reactions to pathogenic fungi, and bark beetle attack dynamics were compared before, during, and after severe cooling of the bole and after girdling of xylem and phloem in Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann. Cooled trees evidenced a reduction of heat pulse velocity and the elimination of observable wound responses, which returned to normal upon cessation of the stress the following year. A tree naturally attacked and colonized by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins also evidenced reduced heat pulse velocity within 2 weeks of bark beetle attack. Heat pulse velocity in girdled trees did not change. Stress due to drought and (or) bark beetle attack in nature may be analogous to that induced by cooling. Such stress may reduce a tree's ability to resist bark beetle attack and fungus invasion.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Pulse beetle"

Ghosal, Tusar Kanti. „Bio-ecology of pulse beetle, callosobruchus spp (coleoptera: Bruchidae) and potentiality of their safe management in storage at Terai agro-climatic conditions“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1008.

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Zaplachinski, Steven T. „Pulsed-release of flea beetle deterrence proteins in transgenic Brassica napus“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/NQ38518.pdf.

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Karaky, Hamze. „Élaboration et caractérisation physique et hygrothermique d'un agro-matériau à base de pulpe de betterave et d'amidon“. Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS019/document.

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Le processus de production du sucre industriel génère de grandes quantités de déchets et sous-produits. Parmi ces sous produits, la pulpe de betterave à sucre présente une voie de valorisation importante puisqu’en France, elle représente environ 1,3 millions de tonnes de matière sèche par an et en particulier en Champagne-Ardenne qui a produit 23% du betterave français en 2010. Cette thèse vise à élaborer un agro-matériau à base de pulpe de betterave et d’amidon pour l’usage dans le bâtiment afin de réduire les consommations énergétiques et d’améliorer le confort hygrothermique des occupants. Pour cela il est nécessaire d’étudier de façon approfondie les propriétés physico-chimiques de la pulpe de betterave et de son interaction avec l’amidon pour différentes formulations. Des techniques d’analyse de surface et d’imagerie microscopique seront utilisées. Les domaines de recherche à explorer concernent les transferts et les propriétés hygrothermiques, les propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques
The industrial sugar production process and generates large volumes of waste and byproducts. One such byproduct is sugar beet pulp, which in France represents approximately 1,300,000 tons of dry matter per year especially in the region of Champagne-Ardenne which produced 23% of French sugar beet in 2010. The aim of this work is to elaborate a green material made of sugar beet pulp and starch as binder to be used in buildings in order to reduce energy consumption and increase indoor hygrothermal comfort. For this purpose, physico-chemical properties of beet pulp and its interaction with starch will be studied deeply and for different binder formulations. Surface analysis and microscopic imagery processing techniques will be used. Physical properties such as hygrothermal, mechanical and acoustic properties will be evaluated also

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Pavier, Claire. „Oxypropylation de la pulpe de betterave à sucre et utilisation des polyols obtenus pour la préparation de nouveaux matériaux polyuréthanes“. Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0041.

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L'industrie sucriere, basee sur la betterave a sucre, donne une quantite importante de pulpe, un dechet dont il n'a pas encore ete trouve d'utilisation en tant que source de materiaux. Cette pulpe de betterave est compose essentiellement de polysaccharides et est particulierement riche en fonctions hydroxyles. Alors que l'oxypropylation de la cellulose, de la lignine et plus recemment du chitosane, aient ete etudiees, aucune investigation equivalente sur la pulpe de betterave n'a ete conduite avant ce travail. Le but de cette etude a ete de transformer un solide insoluble dans tous les solvants en un polyol liquide visqueux adapte a l'elaboration de polyurethanes apres melange avec des polyisocyanates. La premiere etape de ce travail consistait a examiner la faisabilite puis a optimiser la reaction d'oxypropylation de la pulpe de betterave a sucre. La reaction a ete menee en suspendant la pulpe dans de l'oxyde de propylene (op) en presence de differents catalyseurs basiques et en chauffant ce melange sous pression. En faisant varier differents parametres, on obtient des polyols possedants des viscosites et des indice d'oh differents. Il s'avere que ces liquides visqueux sont en fait des melanges homogenes de pulpe oxypropylee et d'homopolymeres de op. Ces polyols ont ete utilises seuls ou en combinaison avec des extenseurs de chaines (diols d'origines diverses) pour l'elaboration de polyurethanes a la fois sous forme de materiaux pleins (en utilisant le procede rim) et de mousses. Les cinetiques de ces polymerisations ainsi que la caracterisation des materiaux obtenus ont ete correlees avec la composition du melange reactionnel. Les proprietes de ces nouveaux polyurethanes suggerent que la pulpe de betterave a sucre peut constituer un dechet agroindustriel viable, base sur l'exploitation agricole d'une ressource renouvelable, pour l'elaboration de materiaux polymeres originaux.

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Tozy, Rita. „Compréhension et optimisation du traitement biologique anaérobie des coproduits de l’industrie sucrière“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC075.

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Intégrée dans une unité de production de sucre et d'éthanol, la digestion anaérobie peut fournir une solution écologique pour traiter la matière organique tout en fournissant l'énergie qui peut, en partie, couvrir les besoins énergétiques de l'usine. L’objet de cette thèse de doctorat est la compréhension et l’optimisation de la méthanisation des coproduits de sucrerie et de distillerie de betterave dans l’optique d’une intégration industrielle du procédé. D’une part, la faisabilité de la digestion des pulpes en mono-substrat et sans dilution en réacteur parfaitement agité a été démontrée. La digestion thermophile s’est révélée efficace et stable jusqu’à une charge organique comprise entre 5 et 5,9 kg MO/m3.j. La biodégradabilité des pulpes est élevée, le taux d’abattement de matière organique de 88,1% et la production spécifique de méthane de 0,353 Nm3 CH4/kg MO. Des contraintes technologiques spécifiques aux pulpes, comme par exemple les phénomènes de moussage ou d’abrasion des pompes, ont été mises en évidence.D’autre part, la méthanisation des vinasses en conditions mésophiles a révélé les limites du procédé parfaitement agité. La charge maximale, autour de 3 kg DCO/m3.j, a permis d’obtenir une production spécifique de méthane de 0,353 Nm3 CH4/kg MO mais l’accumulation de sels d’acides gras volatils, y compris à faible charge organique, indique un déséquilibre entre les flores acidogène et méthanogène. D’un point de vue biologique, il semble que c’est la concentration élevée en sels des vinasses (C=31,7 mS/cm et [K]=14 g/L), qui représenterait le frein principal au développement et à l’activité des microorganismes. L’utilisation du modèle AM2, qui distingue deux phases, acidogénèse et méthanogénèse, a mis en évidence un faible taux de croissance spécifique des archées méthanogènes. L’extraction partielle des sels par électrodialyse a permis de lever une partie de cette inhibition, tandis que leur dilution a permis, à charge organique équivalente, de diminuer le temps de séjour d’un facteur 4 sans altérer les performances de la méthanisation, ceci en diminuant les concentrations en acétate et propionate dans le digesteur. Pour permettre l’intensification du procédé, le recyclage des microorganismes dans le digesteur a été étudié et a permis d’atteindre une charge organique de 6 à 7 kg DCO/m3.j. Enfin, la caractérisation des digestats de méthanisation a permis d’envisager leurs différentes voies de traitement (évapoconcentration, séparation solide/liquide,…) et de vérifier leurs caractéristiques agronomiques.En perspective, Cristal Union envisage la construction d’un démonstrateur permettant de tester différentes configurations à l’échelle industrielle. Le traitement successif des coproduits selon leur disponibilité, les pulpes en campagne sucrière, puis les vinasses en intercampagne, est envisagé. Les phases de transition entre ces deux périodes ont été étudiées et la faisabilité d’une alimentation mixte, sans réduction de la charge, démontrée. Dans cette optique, notre choix se porterait sur des conditions de température mésophiles, plus favorables au traitement d’un produit tel que les vinasses. Un système de recyclage de la biomasse est alors indispensable
The growing international demand for energy and water constitutes a significant challenge for modern industry. Integrated in a sugar and ethanol factory, anaerobic digestion can provide an environmentally friendly solution by using organic matter co-products to provide energy that can partially cover the factory’s needs. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the study of the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulps and distillery vinasses. We used a multiscale approach to achieve the two main objectives: understanding the biological phenomena involved and analyzing the technological problems that can occur in the digesters. We first demonstrated the feasibility of the anaerobic digestion of beet pulps in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) without water addition. Thermophilic digestion was effective and we achieved a high degradation of pulps with satisfactory biogas yields. The thermophilic process could operate stably up to an organic loading rate of 5 to 5,9 kg VS.m-3.d-1. The biodegradability of pulps was very high and allowed to obtain a VS destruction of 88,1% with a specific methane production of 0,353 Nm3 CH4.kg-1 VS. Next, the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of vinasses revealed the limits of the CSTR process for the treatment of this high strength distillery wastewater. The maximum loading rate reached was between 2 and 3 kg COD.m-3.d-1, with a specific methane production of 0,344 Nm3 CH4.kg-1 VS. However, the accumulation of volatile fatty acid salts, even at low organic loading rates, indicated an imbalance between acidogenic and methanogenic microflora. From a biological perspective, we assumed that the high salt concentration of vinasses (up to 41,3 mS/cm) is the main obstacle to the development and activity of microorganisms, as a two-reaction model (AM2) showed low specific growth rate of methanogens. The partial extraction of salts by electrodialysis allowed to remove a part of this inhibition, while their dilution led, at equivalent organic loading rate, to the reduction of the residence time by a factor 4. This was achieved without decreasing methane yield, while also reducing concentrations of acetate and propionate in the digester. To enable process intensification, biomass recycling in the digester, after the centrifugation, was tested to compensate for their low specific growth rates; loading rates reached 7 kg COD.m-3.d-1. We subsequently put in place a strategy for digesters control, to ensure effective monitoring. Finally, we had to characterize the digestates and to consider their different treatment paths. (evapoconcentration, solid / liquid separation, ...) before final valorization. For the industrial scale up, we envisage the successive treatment of the coproducts according to their availability: pulps during the sugar campaign and then vinasses in the intercampaign. As such, we also studied the transition periods and demonstrated the feasibility of a mixed feed, without reducing the loading rate. For such a project, we would choose mesophilic temperature conditions, more favorable for the treatment of a product like vinasses. A system for biomass recycling, whose efficiency was demonstrated, must be installed when the vinasses are treated. The system needs to be compatible with the treatment of the two substrates proposed, for example centrifugation or filtration

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Almohammed, Fouad. „Application des électrotechnologies pour une valorisation optimisée de la betterave à sucre dans un concept de bioraffinerie“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2328/document.

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Ce travail de thèse concerne l’utilisation des électrotechnologies pour une valorisation optimisée de la betterave à sucre conformément au concept de bioraffinerie. Les électro-technologies appliquées sont les champs électriques pulsés (CEP) et les décharges électriques de haute tension (DEHT). L’étude s’attache d’une part à l’optimisation d’un procédé alternatif pour l’extraction du sucre par pressage alcalin à froid assisté par CEP. D’autre part, elle propose des nouvelles voies pour la valorisation de deux coproduits de l’industrie betteravière qui sont les radicelles et la pulpe de betterave. Dans la première partie, le traitement électrique par CEP couplé au chaulage permet une meilleure désintégration du tissu betteravier. Il permet d’accélérer les cinétiques du pressage, d’améliorer le rendement ainsi que la qualité du jus et d’alléger la procédure de purification en aval de l’extraction. Une étude paramétrique d’optimisation a permis d’identifier le meilleur itinéraire d’application de ce nouveau procédé d’extraction. Les cossettes fraîches de betterave sont prétraitées par CEP à 600 V/cm pour 10 ms (Q = 2,7 Wh/kg). Les cossettes électroporées sont ensuite pressées à froid pour extraire 75 % du jus. Les cossettes pressées subissent un pressage alcalin avec 10 % du lait de chaux. Afin d’extraire le sucre résiduel dans le gâteau de pressage obtenu, deux étapes de pressage supplémentaires avec une étape intermédiaire d’hydratation sont nécessaires. Ce procédé optimisé permet de bien épuiser les cossettes en sucre (perte en sucre de 0,23 % et matière sèche de pulpes de 39 %) pendant une courte durée d’extraction (30 min) avec un faible soutirage (108 %) par rapport au procédé de diffusion. Il permet ainsi des économies significatives de matière et d’énergie surtout pour les étapes d’extraction du jus et de séchage de pulpes. Par rapport au procédé conventionnel, le gain énergétique s’élève à 91,96 × 106 kWh pour une usine traitant 10 000 t/j de betteraves pendant une campagne de 110 jours. De plus, le procédé proposé permet de simplifier la procédure de purification et de réduire de 50 à 60 % la quantité de chaux utilisée. Dans la deuxième partie de cette étude, deux procédés de transformation ont été proposés et optimisés à l’échelle laboratoire pour la valorisation des radicelles et de la pulpe de betterave à sucre. Les radicelles ont été utilisées pour produire du bioéthanol. Le jus brut de radicelles a été extrait par pressage à froid assisté par CEP. La production du bioéthanol a été achevée par fermentation alcoolique. Le prétraitement par CEP (450 V/cm, 10 ms) a permis d’accélérer la cinétique de pressage, d’augmenter le rendement en solutés (79,85 % vs. 16,8 %) et d’obtenir un jus plus concentré (10 % vs. 5,2 %). Le procédé optimisé permet de produire environ 41,75 L de bioéthanol par tonne de radicelles lorsque l’on applique un prétraitement par CEP contre seulement 8,2 L de bioéthanol sans prétraitement électrique confirmant ainsi le potentiel de ce nouveau schéma de valorisation. La pulpe de betterave déshydratée ayant une matière sèche de 92,8 % a été utilisée pour l’extraction de pectines. L’étude réalisée a montré que l’application d’un prétraitement par DEHT permet d’intensifier l’extraction des pectines. Le gain relatif de rendement en pectines est de 25,3 % pour une énergie consommée de 76,2 kJ/kg. Le schéma de bioraffinage proposé pourra aider au maintien de la filière betteravière en France après la suppression de système de quotas sucriers dans l’Union européen qui entrera en vigueur le 1er octobre 2017
This work discusses the use of electrotechnologies for an optimized valorization of sugar beet according to the concept of biorefinery. The applied electrotechnologies are pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high-voltage electrical discharges (HVED). The study firstly aims at optimizing an alternative method for sugar extraction by PEF assisted cold alkaline pressing. On the other hand, it proposes new ways for valorizing two by-products of sugar beet industry, which are sugar beet tails and pulps. In the first part, PEF treatment combined with liming leads to a better disintegration of beet tissue. It permits accelerating of pressing kinetics, improvement of juice yield and quality, and reduction of subsequent purification procedure. A parametric optimization study identified the best application itinerary of the proposed extraction process. Fresh sugar beet cossettes are pretreated by PEF at 600 V/cm for 10 ms (Q = 2.7 Wh/kg). The electroporated cossettes are then pressed to extract 75% of intracellular juice. Compressed cossettes are subjected to an alkaline pressing with 10% lime milk. In order to extract the residual sucrose in the obtained press-cake, two additional steps of pressing with an intermediate hydration are required. This optimized process allows well exhausting the sugar cossettes (sugar loss of 0.23% and pulp dry matter of 39%) for a short extraction (30 min) and with low draft (108%) compared to diffusion method. Thus, it allows substantial saving in materials and energy especially for juice extraction and pulp drying. Compared to the conventional method, the energy saving amounted to 91.96 × 106 kWh for a sugar beet factory treating 10 000 tons per day for a campaign of 110 days. In addition, the proposed method simplifies the purification procedure of raw juice and reduces the used amount of lime from 50 to 60%. In the second part of this study, two processing methods were proposed and optimized at lab-scale for valorization of sugar beet tails and pulps. Sugar beet tails were used to produce bioethanol. Raw juice of beet tails was extracted by PEF assisted cold pressing. Bioethanol production was then done by alcoholic fermentation. Pretreatment of beet tails with PEF (450 V/cm, 10 ms) permits accelerating the pressing kinetics, increasing the yield of solutes (79.85% vs. 16.8%), and leads to a more concentrated juice (10% vs. 5.2%). The optimized process permits the production of about 41.75 L of bioethanol per ton of beet tails when PEF pretreatment is applied against only 8.2 L of bioethanol without PEF confirming the potential of this new valorization scheme. Dried beet pulp having a dry matter of 92.8% was used for pectin recovery. The present study showed that the application of HVED pretreatment leads to intensify pectin extraction. The relative gain of pectin yield is 25.3% with an energy consumption of 76.2 kJ/kg. The proposed biorefinery scheme could protect the sugar beet industry in France after the suppression of the sugar quota system in the European Union, which will take effect on 1st October 2017

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Dinand, Elisabeth. „Microfibrilles de cellulose : isolement à partir de pulpes de betterave, caractérisation et propriétés“. Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10109.

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Les microfibrilles de cellulose sont enchevetrees dans une matrice de pectines et d'hemicelluloses pour constituer la paroi cellulaire vegetale. Ce travail concerne les microfibrilles issues de pulpes de betterave sucriere qui ont ete extraites des parois. Une etude morphologique a ete realisee sur la racine de betterave ; elle montre l'organisation cellulaire et permet de mettre en evidence que la majorite des cellules ont des parois minces. Les pulpes de betterave ont ete traitees par diverses methodes (traitement a la vapeur avec explosion, extractions par l'eau et par des solutions acides ou basiques, blanchiments) en vue d'extraire selectivement les pectines et hemicelluloses pour recuperer un materiau essentiellement cellulosique. La structure de la paroi a ete rompue par un traitement mecanique d'homogeneisation qui permet l'individualisation des microfibrilles de cellulose. La caracterisation de ces microfibrilles de cellulose par microscopie electronique montre une grande heterogeneite dans leurs tailles. Une caracterisation chimique revele la presence de residus de pectines et d'hemicelluloses en surface de ces microfibrilles. Ces microfibrilles donnent des suspensions stables dans l'eau. Les proprietes rheologiques de ces suspensions ont ete etudiees. Elles apparaissent comme etant regies par la morphologie de ces microfibrilles et la presence de fonctions acides en surface. Ces proprietes permettent d'envisager un grand nombre d'applications pour ce nouveau materiau que represente la cellulose microfibrillaire de parenchyme.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Pulse beetle"

Rajapakse, Rohan H. S. „Effect of Five Botanicals as Protectants of Greengram Against the Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus Maculatus“. In Bruchids and Legumes: Economics, Ecology and Coevolution, 85–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2005-7_9.

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Gjörek, Jan, Karel Flisar, Damijan Miklavčič, Nataša Ulrih Poklar und Janvit Golob. „Extraction of Sugar Solution from Sugar Beet Cossettes by Electroporation and Compressive Load“. In 1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food & Environmental Technologies, 384–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-817-5_84.

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Douglas, Angela E. „July 5, 2020“. In Nature on the Doorstep, 63–66. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501768118.003.0016.

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This chapter highlights the fireflies in the author's backyard. Fireflies are beetles of the family Lampyridae. Making light needs a lot of oxygen, and the beetles make each and every flash by releasing a tiny pulse of oxygen. Most of the fireflies in the author's backyard are Photinus pyralis, the common eastern firefly, which is said to be particularly common in gardens. The author then mentions the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica. As the name suggests, this beetle came from Japan many years ago, and it has munched its way through the Northeast and Midwest ever since. It was a century ago, in 1920, that attempts to eradicate it were abandoned and defeat was admitted.

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Obodovych, Oleksandr, und Oleksandr Solovey. „REALITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR INTENSIFICATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION DUE TO THE USE OF DISCRETE-PULSE ENERGY INPUT“. In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-37.

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The development of the biofuel industry and the production of bioethanol and using it as a fuel in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular are analyzed in the paper. Bioethanol is mostly produced from sugar- and starch-containing raw materials. It is noted that bioethanol is obtained mainly from molasses in Ukraine. Molasses is a by-product of sugar beet production. The prospects of second-generation bioethanol production made from unfit for human consumption lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural by-products, forestry residues, municipal waste are considered. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is the main task in bioethanol production from such raw materials. Partial or complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose and the conversion of crystalline cellulose into an amorphous state are required to destroy the strong structure of the lignocellulosic complex and remove lignin for further processing. The method of Discrete-Pulse Energy Input was used to intensify the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The method allows shortening the duration of pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation, increasing the amount of reducing substances in the wort, reducing energy consumption and generally making this technology more economically attractive. The universal heat and mass exchange installation in order to reduce energy and resource consumption in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is developed at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the NAS of Ukraine. The Installation allows carrying out the processes of dispersion, dissolution, heating, hydrolysis at the same time in one apparatus.

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„trichinae in pork (3); the x-ray machines available at that time were not powerful enough to treat pork in commercially interesting quantities. The food laws of many countries apply also to tobacco products and it is perhaps not too farfetched to mention irradiation of a tobacco product in this contest. Cigars can be attacked and badly damaged by the tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. This used to be a serious problem for the cigar industry. Many shipments of cigars had to be discarded because the product was criss crossed by the feeding tunnels of the insect. G. A. Runner of USDA’s Bureau of Entomology had demonstrated in 1916 that eggs, larvae, and the adults of the t obacco beetle could be killed in cigars by x-rays (4). At the request of the American Tobacco Company, an x-ray machine with a conveyor system for the irradiation of boxes of cigars was built by American Machine and Foundry Company in New York City and put into operation in 1929. A water-cooled x-ray tube with a maximal power of 30 mA at 200 kV was the radiation source.* Although the treatment effectively prevented damage to the cigars, the machine turned out to be unsuitable for continuous use. Details can no longer be re constructed, but it appears that the x-ray tubes then available were built for intermittent use in medical diagnosis and therapy, not for continuous use on a production line. At any rate, chemical fumigation later replaced this first indus trial application of radiation processing. A French patent was granted in 1930 to O. Wiist for an invention described by the words (in translation): “ Foods of all kinds which are packed in sealed metallic containers are submitted to the action of hard (high-voltage) x-rays to kill all bacteria” (5). However, the patent never led to a practical application. New interest was stimulated in 1947 by a publication ( ) of two expatriate German scientists, Amo Brasch and Wolfgang Huber, coinventors of a pulsed electron accelerator, the Capacitron, and founders of Electronized Chemicals Corporation in Brooklyn, New York. They reported that meats and some other foodstuffs could be sterilized by high-energy electron pulses; that some food stuffs, particularly milk and other dairy products, were susceptible to radiation and developed off-flavors; and that these undesirable radiation effects could be avoided by irradiation in the absence of oxygen and at low temperatures. With regard to cost efficiency they concluded that irradiation “ will not materially increase the final price of the treated product.” At about the same time, J. G. Trump and R. J. van de Graaff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who had developed another type of electron accelerator, also studied effects of irradia tion on foods and other biological materials (7). They collaborated in these studies with MIT’s Department of Food Technology. The foundations of food irradiation research had been laid when B. E. Proctor and S. A. Goldblith reviewed these“. In Safety of Irradiated Foods, 20. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-14.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Pulse beetle"

Rand, Richard H., Erika T. Wirkus und J. Robert Cooke. „Nonlinear Dynamics of the Bombardier Beetle“. In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8011.

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Abstract This work investigates the dynamics by which the bombardier beetle releases a pulsed jet of fluid as a defense mechanism. A mathematical model is proposed which takes the form of a pair of piece wise continuous differential equations with dependent variables as fluid pressure and quantity of reactant. The model is shown to exhibit an effective equilibrium point (EEP). Conditions for the existence, classification and stability of an EEP are derived and these are applied to the model of the bombardier beetle.

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Wang, Zhuo, Lin Wang, Qing Yang, Zhiwei Xu, Junhong Yang und Jianzhong Shang. „A H2O2 based power system inspired by periodic pulsed spray of bombardier beetle“. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2015.7419027.

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Sack, M., und H. Bluhm. „Electroporation of slices of sugar beets with rectangular pulses“. In The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2006.1707311.

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