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Burgaleta, Claudio M. „How an Irish-American Priest Became Puerto Rican of the Year: Joseph P. Fitzpatrick, S.J., and the Puerto Ricans“. Journal of Jesuit Studies 6, Nr. 4 (11.10.2019): 676–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00604006.
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One of the first and largest migrations of Latin Americans to the United States occurred from Puerto Rico to New York City in the 1950s. At its height in 1953, the Great Puerto Rican Migration saw some seventy-five thousand Puerto Ricans settled in the great metropolis, and by 1960 there were over half a million New Yorkers of Puerto Rican ancestry in the city. The exodus transformed the capital of the world and taxed its social fabric and institutions. Joseph P. Fitzpatrick, S.J. (1913–95), a Harvard-trained sociologist teaching at Fordham University in the Bronx, played a key role in helping both New York City, its people and social institutions, respond with compassion and creativity to this upheaval. This article chronicles Fitzpatrick’s involvement with the Puerto Ricans for over three decades as priest, public intellectual, and advocate on behalf of the newcomers, and social researcher.
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Schmidt, Bettina. „Meeting the Spirits“. Fieldwork in Religion 3, Nr. 2 (15.01.2010): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.v3i2.178.
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Spiritism based on Allan Kardec’s teaching (1804–1869) has influenced Latin America since the nineteenth century. This article presents the development of Puerto Rican spiritism (espiritismo) and its central ideas before illustrating the significance of espiritismo for Puerto Ricans. It will show the involvement of espiritismo in the establishment of Puertorriqueñidad, the sense of belonging to the island. It will explain the therapeutic offers of spiritist healing, and it will illustrate the creative energy of espiritismo that inspires Puerto Rican artists to the present day.
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La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence. „Boricuas cruzando fronteras: autobiografías y testimonios trans puertorriqueños“. Clepsydra. Revista de Estudios de Género y Teoría Feminista 21 (2021): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.clepsydra.2021.21.05.
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Puerto Rican trans experience has been documented in different ways in the speeches, interviews, and publications of the activist Sylvia Rivera, the artist Holly Woodlawn, the hairstylist and activist Soraya (Bárbara Santiago Solla), and the artist and university professor Luis Felipe Díaz, also known as Lizza Fernanda. The scarcity of traditional publications in the genre of Puerto Rican trans autobiography invites a conceptual expansion, including theorizations on «testimonio» in Latin America and alternate modalities of publication such as self-publishing and the use of online blogs. The particularities of the colonial situation in Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans’ experiences of racialization in the United States requires a careful reading, paying attention to the racial, ethnic, economic, and social dimensions of trans Puerto Rican lives.
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Morales-Ramirez, Carlos A. „The Puerto Rican Flag - A Study in Vexillology“. Research in Social Sciences and Technology 3, Nr. 3 (10.10.2018): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.03.4.
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This study tests Puerto Ricans' knowledge about the national and municipal flag, since it is known that teaching with flags is part of the social studies standards of the island. Two questionnaires were provided to 50 participants to test their knowledge of the national, municipal and Latin American flags. For the national and municipal flags, the participants were asked to provide the symbolism. A total of 96% drew the national flag correctly, although no one identified all the symbolisms correctly. Only 2% of the participants identified all Latin American flags correctly. A Chi-square test was performed to test if flag knowledge and level of education were independent variables. The test value was 0.30 which is greater than the P > 0.10; therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted: Ho = the level of schooling of the participants and their knowledge of the Puerto Rican flag are independent.
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Al-Sammarraie, Mohammed Nihad Nafea, und Nadia Ali Ismael. „Cultural Adaptation“. Al-Adab Journal 2, Nr. 142 (15.09.2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i142.3797.
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This study aims at tracing the effect of the two worlds, Puerto Rico and the United States of America, on the poetry of the Latin American poet, Victor Hernandez Cruz (1949 - ). The study begins with a cultural background about the Puerto Rican indigenous culture and the Puerto Rican diaspora in the City of New York. The study, then, discusses one of Cruz’s poems focusing on the ideas of alienation, nostalgia, consciousness, and bilingualism tracing his cultural adaptation throughout the process. It is concluded with the fact whether Cruz culturally adapted to the U.S. literary mainstream or not.
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Cámara Fuertes, Luis Raúl. „The Value Priorities of the Political Elites: A Test of the Postmaterialist Thesis in the Puerto Rican Legislature“. Latin American Politics and Society 51, Nr. 4 (2009): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2009.00065.x.
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AbstractThe postmaterialist thesis has spurred a large body of literature and debates, yet postmaterialism has not been studied among political elites. Empirical studies of the legislatures and legislators of Latin American nations in general and Puerto Rico in particular, moreover, are sorely lacking. This article examines postmaterialist values among Puerto Rican legislators. It finds that Puerto Rican legislators have high levels of postmaterialism and that they order the components of the postmaterialism scale in ways similar to those of the mass publics of other countries, including those of Latin America. More important, the postmaterialist scale proves of little use in explaining the positions legislators take on a host of issues, many of which are closely associated with postmaterialism. An alternative explanation is that the scale really measures attachment to democratic norms.
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Morales, Katherine. „"I ALWAYS KNEW IT... DIGO, QUIZÁS NO ERA PERFECT": TRANSNATIONAL ACTS OF IDENTITY IN THE SPEECH OF A RETURNEE MIGRANT“. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 58, Nr. 1 (April 2019): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/010318138654296464981.
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ABSTRACT The following paper addresses the topic of transnationalism in U.S. territory Puerto Rico. As a previous Spanish colony and current U.S. territory, Puerto Rico provides rich ground for the study of fluid identities. While transnationalist literature has typically focused on describing contexts of crossed "borders" or cultures in a geo-political sense (cf. KRAMSCH and WHITESIDE, 2008; LI AND ZHU, 2013), Puerto Ricans have often been excluded from transnationalist discourses of Latin American communities due to their unique status as U.S. citizens. Through this article I aim to provide an ideological account of the complex voices and identities that make up the language practices of the Puerto Rican transnational. I adopt Jorge Duany's (2003) argument for Puerto Rican transnationalism on the basis of a shared sense of "cultural nationalism" as evidenced in the cultural and linguistic practices of a Puerto Rican returnee migrant. This migrant's linguistic practices and identity constructions are observed in relation to Michael Silverstein's (2003) socioindexicality. Coupling this frame with an ethnographic methodology allows the dynamic ways in which a transnational identity is constructed to become apparent, in real-time and in illuminated detail
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Davis, Rachel E., Sunghee Lee, Timothy P. Johnson und Steven K. Rothschild. „Measuring the Elusive Construct of Personalismo Among Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American Adults“. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 41, Nr. 1 (10.01.2019): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986318822535.
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Personalismo may have a broad influence on the well-being of U.S. Latinos by shaping social networks and, in turn, access to information and resources. However, research on personalismo is currently constrained by the lack of a psychometrically sound measure of this cultural construct. This research used a mixed-methods approach to develop a personalismo scale across three studies: a cognitive interviewing study with Mexican American adults ( n = 33); a cognitive interviewing study with non-Latino White, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults ( n = 61); and a psychometric telephone survey with Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults ( n = 1,296). The final, 12-item scale had high internal consistency reliability and appears to be appropriate for use with Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults. Significant differences emerged across Latino subgroups, with higher personalismo observed among Cuban Americans and female respondents, providing empirical evidence of cultural heterogeneity among U.S. Latino populations.
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Contreras, Maria, Kevin Keys, Joaquin Magana, Page Goddard, Oona Risse-Adams, Andrew M. Zeiger, Angel C. Y. Mak et al. „Native American Ancestry and Air Pollution Interact to Impact Bronchodilator Response in Puerto Rican Children with Asthma“. Ethnicity & Disease 31, Nr. 1 (21.01.2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.1.77.
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Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Short-acting bronchodilator medications are the most commonly prescribed asthma treatment worldwide, regardless of disease severity. Puerto Rican children display the highest asthma morbidity and mortality of any US population. Alarmingly, Puerto Rican children with asthma display poor bronchodilator drug response (BDR). Reduced BDR may explain, in part, the increased asthma morbidity and mortality observed in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Gene-environment interactions may explain a portion of the heritability of BDR. We aimed to identify gene-environment interactions associated with BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma.Setting: Genetic, environmental, and psycho-social data from the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) case-control study.Participants: Our discovery dataset consisted of 658 Puerto Rican children with asthma; our replication dataset consisted of 514 Mexican American children with asthma.Main Outcomes Measures: We assessed the association of pairwise interaction models with BDR using ViSEN (Visualization of Statistical Epistasis Networks).Results: We identified a non-linear interaction between Native American genetic ancestry and air pollution significantly associated with BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. This interaction was robust to adjustment for age and sex but was not significantly associated with BDR in our replication population.Conclusions: Decreased Native American ancestry coupled with increased air pollution exposure was associated with increased BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Our study acknowledges BDR’s phenotypic complexity, and emphasizes the importance of integrating social, environmental, and biological data to further our understanding of complex disease.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):77- 88; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.77
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Ai, Amy L., La Tonya Noël, Hoa B. Appel, Bu Huang und William E. Hefley. „Overall Health and Health Care Utilization Among Latino American Men in the United States“. American Journal of Men's Health 7, Nr. 1 (05.09.2012): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312452752.
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Although the Latino American male population is increasing, the subgroup Latino men’s health remains underinvestigated. This study examined the overall pattern of Latino male health and health care utilization in major subgroups, using a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,127) from the National Latino and Asian American Study. The authors evaluated rates of chronic, behavioral, and mental health service utilization in this first nationally representative survey. The results identified significant cross-subgroup differences in most physical and chronic conditions with Puerto Rican American men having high rates in 8 of 15 physical ailments, including life-altering conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Despite differences in racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, Cuban American men shared similar rates of heart diseases and cancer with Puerto Rican American men. In addition, Puerto Rican American men had higher rates of substance abuse than other Latinos. For health providers, the authors’ findings encourage awareness of subgroup differences regarding overall health issues of Latino American men to provide culturally appropriate care.
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De Jesús-Rojas, Wilfredo, Zachary J. Demetriou, José Muñiz-Hernández, Gabriel Rosario-Ortiz, Frances M. Quiñones, Marcos J. Ramos-Benitez und Ricardo A. Mosquera. „Advancing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnosis through High-Speed Video Microscopy Analysis“. Cells 13, Nr. 7 (24.03.2024): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13070567.
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disorder that impairs motile cilia, essential for respiratory health, with a reported prevalence of 1 in 16,309 within Hispanic populations. Despite 70% of Puerto Rican patients having the RSPH4A [c.921+3_921+6del (intronic)] founder mutation, the characterization of the ciliary dysfunction remains unidentified due to the unavailability of advanced diagnostic modalities like High-Speed Video Microscopy Analysis (HSVA). Our study implemented HSVA for the first time on the island as a tool to better diagnose and characterize the RSPH4A [c.921+3_921+6del (intronic)] founder mutation in Puerto Rican patients. By applying HSVA, we analyzed the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and pattern (CBP) in native Puerto Rican patients with PCD. Our results showed decreased CBF and a rotational CBP linked to the RSPH4A founder mutation in Puerto Ricans, presenting a novel diagnostic marker that could be implemented as an axillary test into the PCD diagnosis algorithm in Puerto Rico. The integration of HSVA technology in Puerto Rico substantially enhances the PCD evaluation and diagnosis framework, facilitating prompt detection and early intervention for improved disease management. This initiative, demonstrating the potential of HSVA as an adjunctive test within the PCD diagnostic algorithm, could serve as a blueprint for analogous developments throughout Latin America.
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Goytia Almeda, Iván. „‘Si quiere,’ mi Machete te muerde’: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of “This is not America” by Residente“. Open Journal for Studies in Arts 5, Nr. 2 (27.08.2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsa.0502.01031a.
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The social problems of Latin America have been extensively examined in diverse fields and music has become a significant way to inform and interpret these social problems. Residente, a Puerto Rican singer, presents his song “This is Not America” that demonstrates a valuable interpretation of the issues that impact Latin American and its people through the song lyrics and music video. Thus, this paper analyzes the discursive and visual features of the music video for the single ‘This is Not America’ and reports on how Residente interprets the political and social problems in Latin America. Multimodal critical discourse analysis has been implemented for the exploration of the music video and lyrics alike.
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Lefty, Lauren. „“Puerto Rico Can Teach So Much”: The Hemispheric and Imperial Origins of the Educational War on Poverty“. History of Education Quarterly 61, Nr. 4 (November 2021): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2021.44.
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AbstractThrough a focus on liberal academic and policy networks, this article considers how ideas and practices central to an educational “war on poverty” grew through connections between postwar Puerto Rico, Latin America, and New York. In particular, it analyzes how social scientific ideas about education's role in economic development found ample ground in the colonial Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as the island assumed the role of “laboratory” of democracy and development after the Second World War. The narrative then considers how this Cold War programming came to influence education initiatives in both U.S. foreign aid programs in Latin America and New York City in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly as the number of Puerto Rican students grew amid the Puerto Rican Great Migration. Ultimately, the article suggests a broader hemispheric and imperial framework in narrating the evolution of postwar education policy in the nation's largest city.
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Staudenmaier, Michael. „“America’s Scapegoats”“. Radical History Review 2020, Nr. 138 (01.10.2020): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8359247.
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Abstract In the 1970s and 1980s, Puerto Rican and Chicana/o/x radicals from across the United States developed a sophisticated theory of fascism as part of a broader effort to defend themselves against government repression and apply the lessons of the rightward trajectories of many Latin American countries. In the process, they built panethnic alliances that helped spur the emergence of Latina/o/x identity as it is commonly understood in the twenty-first century. This article uses the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Movement, or MLN) as a case study of this broader process because of its binational character and its persistent willingness to grapple with both the theory and practice of fascism and anti-fascism in the United States and in Latin America. While the MLN abandoned its own panethnic structure in the early 1980s, its legacy of Latina/o/x struggle against far right and white nationalist forces persists into the present moment.
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Sawyer, Brook E., Lauren M. Cycyk, Lia E. Sandilos und Carol S. Hammer. „‘So many books they don’t even all fit on the bookshelf’: An examination of low-income mothers’ home literacy practices, beliefs and influencing factors“. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 18, Nr. 3 (07.09.2016): 338–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798416667542.
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Given the need to enhance the academic language and early literacy skills of young children from low-income homes and the importance of the home literacy environment in supporting children’s development, the purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the home literacy environment of low-income African-American and Latino mothers of preschool children living in the United States. Specifically, research aims were to examine home literacy environment practices, beliefs and influential factors as well as to compare the home literacy environment of African-American and Latino, specifically Puerto Rican, families. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 African-American and 10 Puerto Rican mothers. Data were analysed using the consensual qualitative research method. Twelve themes were identified: provision of educational materials, engagement with books, focus on print, implicit language opportunities, focus on other pre-academic skills, social interactions with books, influence of school, influence of other adults, parents’ reading interest/ability, child’s reading interest, parents’ commitment to child’s success and family stressors. Few differences emerged between African-American and Puerto Rican mothers. Implications for language and literacy intervention development are discussed.
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Mignucci, Andrés. „Casa Fullana: a model for modern living in the tropics“. Modern Houses, Nr. 64 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/64.a.zebgxty3.
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Casa Fullana [Fullana House], built in 1955 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is an exemplary model of Henry Klumb’s (1905-1984) design principles for modern living in the tropics. German architect Henry Klumb conducted a prolific architectural practice in Puerto Rico, producing some of the most iconic examples of tropical modernism in the Caribbean. His work, most notably at the University of Puerto Rico (1946-1966) (UPR) and in landmark projects like the San Martin de Porres Church (1948) in Cataño, constituted a breakthrough in Puerto Rican, Caribbean and Latin American architecture. Anchored in the principles of modern architecture, specifically of an organic architecture put forward by his mentor Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Klumb’s work is deeply rooted in the specificities of the landscape, topography, and climate of Puerto Rico as a tropical island.
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Semenova, M. Yu. „Miguel Bloombito’s Spanish Translingual Twitter Account as a Means of Overcoming Discrimination against the Hispanic population in the United States“. Nauchnyi dialog, Nr. 9 (30.09.2020): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-9-159-173.
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The question of the use of the Spanish translingual idiom in the Twitter account of the American satirist of Puerto Rican origin, writing under the pseudonym Miguel Bloombito, is considered. Particular attention is paid to one of the main functions of such an idiom, which is used as a way to overcome language discrimination against Latin Americans living in the United States. Separately, a comprehensive analysis of this Spanish idiom, characteristic of the speech of Puerto Rican Americans, is offered. The issue of switching and mixing codes at different levels of Spanish is of interest. The author dwells on the graphic-phonetic, wordformation and lexical levels, at which a large number of contaminated elements containing allusion and based on the play of meanings are revealed. A level-by-level classification of the elements of the Spanish idiom is proposed. Evidence is given that this idiom has sufficient system stability for the language, regularity and productivity of the models for the formation of certain units, as well as a tendency towards standardization, including outside the analyzed texts. It is proved that the Spanish translingual idiom, which appeared as a result of the contact of linguistic cultures in a multi-ethnic state, demonstrates a high degree of convergence of prototype languages, expressed through switching and mixing codes.
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Visconte, Piero, und Sandro Sessarego. „Some Remarks on the Origin of Afro-Puerto Rican Spanish“. Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 11, Nr. 2 (17.10.2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.11.2.6586.
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A number of proposals have tried to account for the genesis and development of a set of Afro-Hispanic language varieties, the vernaculars that formed in Latin America from the contact between African languages and Spanish in colonial times (Sessarego 2021). This article presents a sociohistorical and linguistic analysis of Loza Spanish (LS), an Afro-Puerto Rican vernacular spoken in Loíza, Puerto Rico by the descendants of the Africans brought to this Caribbean island in colonial times to work as slaves on sugarcane plantations. This article assesses the evolution of this variety and its implications for creole studies. In so doing, it contributes to the long-lasting debate on the reasons behind the paucity of Spanish-based creoles in the Americas (Granda 1968 et seq.).
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Guerrero, Paulina. „A Story told through Plena: Claiming Identity and Cultural Autonomy in the Street Festivals of San Juan, Puerto Rico“. Island Studies Journal 8, Nr. 1 (2013): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.282.
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Las Fiestas de la Calle de San Sebastián is a four day-long festival in San Juan, Puerto Rico. While the festival comprises music and dance that is a combination of various Caribbean and Latin American aesthetics, there is a small group of local musicians who insist on staying away from the larger throngs to specifically play a Puerto Rican music medium known as plena. By defining a distinct physical space that is separate from the rest of the festival, but also a part of the festival, they sing throughout the night speaking to contemporary issues of American imperialism, class warfare, and corrupt politicians. During the festival the complex power dynamics of Puerto Rico as a United States territory, lacking both independence as a sovereign nation and the same rights as a state, are manifested in festival performance. This performance tries to negotiate how the island remains autonomous while being attached to a more powerful mainland economy.
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Garcia, Catherine, Mary McEniry und Michael Crowe. „THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1254.
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Abstract The neighborhood contexts in which older adults live are increasingly being recognized for their role in influencing disease processes and risk of death among the U.S. population. However, few studies have focused on neighborhood impacts among older populations residing in Puerto Rico– a U.S. territory –who are especially vulnerable to the effects of the environment as they “age in place” in the context of a budget crisis, the great recession, the debt crisis, and Hurricanes Irma and María. The combination of these events can obstruct access to neighborhood resources, services, and contexts considered necessary for promoting healthy aging. Thus, it is warranted to understand the effects of place on mortality in Puerto Rico, whose social and economic contexts differ from the U.S. and are more similar to that of other Latin American and Hispanic-Caribbean countries. We used 2000 U.S. Census data at the block-group level linked to the 2002 Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project with mortality follow-up to 2021 to examine neighborhood characteristics that are conceptualized as influencing mortality (e.g., residents without a high school degree; households receiving public assistance income; residents living below the poverty level; unemployed residents; residential stability; age structure). Multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution were estimated. Overall, results show that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with an increased risk of mortality among older Puerto Ricans. This suggests that older Puerto Ricans clustered in disadvantaged communities are more likely to experience a cumulative burden of social disadvantages that adversely impacts their longevity.
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Garcia, Catherine, Mary McEniry und Michael Crowe. „THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1936.
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Abstract The neighborhood contexts in which older adults live are increasingly being recognized for their role in influencing disease processes and risk of death among the U.S. population. However, few studies have focused on neighborhood impacts among older populations residing in Puerto Rico– a U.S. territory –who are especially vulnerable to the effects of the environment as they “age in place” in the context of a budget crisis, the great recession, the debt crisis, and Hurricanes Irma and María. The combination of these events can obstruct access to neighborhood resources, services, and contexts considered necessary for promoting healthy aging. Thus, it is warranted to understand the effects of place on mortality in Puerto Rico, whose social and economic contexts differ from the U.S. and are more similar to that of other Latin American and Hispanic-Caribbean countries. We used 2000 U.S. Census data at the block-group level linked to the 2002 Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project with mortality follow-up to 2021 to examine neighborhood characteristics that are conceptualized as influencing mortality (e.g., residents without a high school degree; households receiving public assistance income; residents living below the poverty level; unemployed residents; residential stability; age structure). Multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution were estimated. Overall, results show that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with an increased risk of mortality among older Puerto Ricans. This suggests that older Puerto Ricans clustered in disadvantaged communities are more likely to experience a cumulative burden of social disadvantages that adversely impacts their longevity.
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Buscaglia, José F. „Pan, tierra y tapaboca: Luis Muñoz Marín y el breve interregno democrático del Partido Popular (Puerto Rico, 1938-1948)“. Diálogos Latinoamericanos 14, Nr. 20 (20.06.2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dl.v14i20.113261.
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José F. BThe launching in 1938 and the implementation over the next twodecades of the reform program of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) resulted ina radical transformation of the economy and a massive realignment of socialforces in Puerto Rico. That process was officially known as the ‘Puerto RicanMiracle’ and, at the height of the Cold War, it was promoted by the USA as a‘peaceful revolution’ in contraposition to the armed insurrection commanded byFidel Castro in Cuba. This article describes a process less transparent anddemocratic that, conforming to Latin American populist traditions, unfoldedwithin a continuum where internal debate inside the PPD and opposition forces inthe public sphere, were systematically supressed as Luis Muñoz Marin rose tobecome the uncontested leader of the movement. The experiment was also afailed exercise in decolonization that brought dire consequences to large sectorsof Puerto Rican society.
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Appel, H., A. Ai und B. Huang. „Behavioral, chronic and mental health in minority women: results from the national Latino Asian American study“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73359-4.
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IntroductionAsian Americans and Latino women underutilize mental health services.Studies show Asian American women have higher depression scores and less physical activity than their male counterparts. Ethnic minorities are deterred from seeking mental health care in a timely manner or from following appropriate treatment guidelines. Asian American women are less likely to seek mental health services compared to Latina and white women. Mental health issues in Asian and Latina women may be masked by psychosomatic complaints. Data from the National Latino Asian American Study, the first comprehensive epidemiological study of Asian Americans and Latinos in the USA.ObjectivesTo examine the behavioral, chronic and mental health issues in Latina and Asian American women.Methods3,012 Asian American and Latina American women from six ethnic subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican Americans) from metropolitan areas were interviewed. Measures include behavioral, drug, chronic health conditions, and mental health issues, and frequency of health service seeking using T-tests and ANOVA.ResultsThe results showed Asian Americans women have less heart disease compared with Latina American women, but higher rates of smoking. More Filipinos rated their health as “Excellent” compared with Chinese and Vietnamese, and experience less major depressive disorder than their Asian counterparts. All three Asian American subgroups experience less anxiety than Latina American women.ConclusionsWhile raters of mental health problems may be low, they are unique in how they manifest themselves, and in the distinct ways in which they seek health services. There are marked differences among major ethnic subgroups.
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Cintrón, Ralph. „Esta Chingadera“. Philosophy & Rhetoric 55, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.55.1.0013.
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ABSTRACT This essay reflects on how the pandemic has intensified long-standing discussions regarding race, Blackness, white privilege and supremacy, settler colonialism, social justice, and more. I draw from forty years of ethnographic fieldwork or being part of the departmental leadership of Latin American and Latino Studies at my university. (Backdrop: growing up Puerto Rican in South Texas with Mexican and Mexican American families, I have dealt with these themes and tropes my entire life. I prefer class analysis over identity and culture, and, like a sophist or anarchist, I do not easily accept the thoughts of anyone.) This essay uses propositional logic to establish a poetics of radical compassion as prior to radical politics, followed by the “scenic” as evidence to “prove” that paradox is our living condition. In contrast, today’s totalization and capitalization of fear and the hypostatization of truth claims—insofar as they obscure the emptiness of truth—are the methods of war.
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JOHNSON, ROBERT DAVID. „Anti-Imperialism and the Good Neighbour Policy: Ernest Gruening and Puerto Rican Affairs, 1934–1939“. Journal of Latin American Studies 29, Nr. 1 (Februar 1997): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x96004634.
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During his five years as chief US policy-maker towards Puerto Rico, Ernest Gruening strove to create a model – based on the anti-imperialist principles he had outlined in the 1920s – for a reformist policy which the United States could pursue towards the rest of Latin America. The initial support of Franklin Roosevelt allowed Gruening to position his Puerto Rican programme as one of the three ideological alternatives present in the early stages of the Good Neighbour Policy. The collapse of Gruening's scheme provided US policymakers with an early illustration of the difficulty of imposing reform with insufficient local support.
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Ai, Amy L., Hoa B. Appel und Jungup Lee. „Acculturation Factors Related to Obesity of Latino American Men Nationwide“. American Journal of Men's Health 12, Nr. 5 (08.06.2016): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316653182.
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Obesity is a public health epidemic, particularly among underrepresented populations. With a large proportion of immigrants, Latino Americans comprise the largest minority population in the United States. This study examined the association of acculturation factors with obesity among Latino American men ( n = 1,127) using the National Latino and Asian American Study. The result identified two acculturation-related factors (being U.S.-born and living in the United States for the longest period/5-10 years) as positive correlates. In contrast, a different study on obesity in Latino American women demonstrated discrimination, but not the above factors, as significant correlates. The men’s pattern suggests that the Hispanic/Latino paradox might have greater implications for men with respect to weight issues. Furthermore, Mexican American and Other Latino American men presented a greater likelihood of being obese than Cuban and Puerto Rican men. The findings, if replicated in prospective research, suggest the need for gender- and ethnic-specific intervention for obesity in Latino American men, particularly for the largest subgroup, Mexican Americans.
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Buckley, Thomas, und Denise Burnette. „The Relationship between Social Isolation and Sense of Community among Older Adults in Puerto Rico“. Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (01.12.2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3173.
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Abstract Psychological sense of community (SOC) is linked to key health and wellbeing outcomes for older adults and among Latin American populations. Prior research shows that social factors may affect SOC, but this has yet to be studied among Puerto Rican older adults. This study draws on Social Resource Theory to test the hypothesis that social isolation is associated with SOC among older adults in Puerto Rico. We collected data through face-to-face interviews in a non-probability sample of community dwelling adults aged 60+ throughout Puerto Rico in 2019-2020 (N = 154). We measured social isolation with the Spanish translation of the LSNS-6 (range 0-30, mean= 14.00, SD= 5.99), where higher scores indicate less isolation, and SOC with the Spanish translation of the Brief Sense of Community Scale (range 0-32, mean= 24.75, SD= 6.04). This cross-sectional study used multiple linear regression to test the association between social isolation and SOC, while controlling for gender, age, income and living arrangement. Higher scores on the LSNS-6 were associated with higher SOC (β=0.31, SE=0.08, p<0.001). Among the sociodemographic covariates, increased age was associated with higher SOC (β=0.12, SE=0.05, p<0.05). This study demonstrates that older adults in Puerto Rico who are more socially isolated have lower SOC, and that SOC increases with age. In order to promote SOC in this population, interventions should focus on reducing social isolation and may benefit from targeting young-old older adults. Future research should continue to examine these relationships and extend to other Latin American cultures.
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Molina, Santiago José. „Amerindians, Europeans, Makiritare, Mestizos, Puerto Rican, and Quechua: Categorical Heterogeneity in Latin American Human Biology“. Perspectives on Science 25, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2017): 655–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00258.
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Davis, Rachel E., Timothy P. Johnson, Sunghee Lee und Christopher Werner. „Why Do Latino Survey Respondents Acquiesce? Respondent and Interviewer Characteristics as Determinants of Cultural Patterns of Acquiescence Among Latino Survey Respondents“. Cross-Cultural Research 53, Nr. 1 (16.05.2018): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397118774504.
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Research indicates that Latino survey respondents are more likely to acquiesce than non-Latino European Americans (EAs), thereby decreasing the potential for measurement invariance across cultural groups. To better understand what drives this culturally patterned response style, we examined the influence of respondent and interviewer characteristics on acquiescence. Data were obtained from a telephone survey of 400 Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, and non-Latino EA respondents, and a self-administered survey of 21 interviewers. Higher acquiescence was associated with several respondent characteristics: older age, lower education, stronger Latino cultural orientation, Spanish use, Latino ethnicity, and, among Latinos, Cuban American ethnicity. In contrast, acquiescence was not influenced by respondent–interviewer social distance, social deference, or interviewer characteristics (e.g., education, gender, acculturation, interviewer experience). These findings indicate that acquiescence differs across Latino ethnic subgroups and that respondent and language factors are more influential determinants of acquiescence than survey interviewers.
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Santiago-Vendrell, Angel D. „Popular Catholicism Puerto Rican Style: The Virgin of Rincón, Human Agency, and Miracles“. Religions 15, Nr. 4 (08.04.2024): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15040463.
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In the past, popular Catholicism in Latin America and the Caribbean was perceived with suspicion by liberation theologians and official Roman Catholicism for its eccentricities, lack of doctrinal coherence, and fears of syncretism with folk religions. Nowadays, popular Catholicism in Latin America and the Caribbean has been a source of theological reflection, ecumenism, and religious revitalization. The apparition of the Holy Mother in 1953 at barrio Rincón in Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico, is a case study in global Catholicism that exemplifies this turn to see popular Catholicism as a source of liberation, perseverance, and deep spiritual devotion by the faithful. Using cultural, social, and reception historiography, the article argues that the Puerto Rican faithful were not passive recipients of the literary narratives of journalists covering the events as narrated by the main protagonists, the children/seers, but rather themselves formulators of history through their reception and participation. This is demonstrated by the allegiances of the faithful to popular Catholicism and their rejection of the official mandates of the clergy to ignore the events taking place at barrio Rincón regarding the apparition of the Virgin.
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Gutierrez, Patryk. „Władza wykonawcza w Portoryko i w Polsce — porównanie oraz analiza wybranych uregulowań konstytucyjnych“. Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 19 (28.12.2016): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.19.9.
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Executive power in Puerto Rico and in Poland — the comparison and analysis of some constitutional issuesIn the paper entitled Executive Power in Puerto Rico and in Poland — the comparison and analysis of some constitutional issues, Idecided to compare two different constitutional regulations of executive power in Latin America and Europe Puerto Rico and Poland. At first glance, the both countries are republic with the same division of power between: executive, legislation and judicial. But on the other hand, the main differences have been established in the provisions of the Constitution. So, for this reason I’m trying to look for the answer for next questions: who performs the executive authority and whether this power is shared or not and how long it lasts during the term of office for example. Therefore, in my paper Ishowed the differences and similarities on this range: between Puerto Rican Governor with the Council of Secretaries and Polish President with the Council of Ministers.
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Moraga, Jorge E. „On ESPN Deportes: Latinos, Sport Media, and the Cultural Politics of Visibilities“. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, Nr. 6 (10.09.2018): 470–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518797030.
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This article explores the ways Latinos—as audience, market, media—reshape the boundaries of sport media coverage. Its central focus examines the ways ESPN responds to the “browning of America” and its changing demographics. To this end, the essay examines the emergence and development of ESPN Deportes, and provides a textual analysis of “One Nación” (September 2015-August 2016), a podcast hosted by Max Bretos (Cuban American) and Marly Rivera (Puerto Rican). Offering a textual and content analysis, I suggest that One Nación provides a benchmark to assess the cultural politics of diversifying sport media content, coverage, and context. Moreover, I argue that One Nación, while unable to escape the dominant features of late racial/gendered capitalism, produces a counterhegemonic discursive practice capable of challenging mediated circulations of Latino Americans.
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KEVANE, BRIDGET. „The Hispanic Absence in the North American Literary Canon“. Journal of American Studies 35, Nr. 1 (April 2001): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875801006545.
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I recently completed a book of interviews (Latina Self-Portraits: Interviews with Contemporary Women Writers, co-edited with Juanita Heredia, University of New Mexico Press, 2000) with ten of the most prominent Latina writers in the US; Julia Alvarez, Denise Chávez, Sandra Cisneros, Rosario Ferré, Cristina García, Nicholasa Mohr, Cherríe Moraga, Judith Ortiz Cofer, Esmeralda Santiago and Helena María Viramontes. These women, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican and Puerto Rican Americans, raised issues that ranged from the craft of writing to the inherent problems of national identities. The themes generated in our conversations with these women – their doubled ethnic identities, their complicated relationship to their communities, their difficulties in representing their communities and, finally, their work as part of the larger American canon – revealed a powerful discourse about what it means to be Latina American in the United States. After spending two years talking with these women, it is evident to me that Latina literature is a vital part of American literature and should be included in any study of comparative American literatures.
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Sedani, Ami E., Jessica Y. Islam, Derek M. Griffith, Kelly K. Rifelj, Cordero L. McCall, Omar García-Rodríguez, Marlene Camacho-Rivera und Charles R. Rogers. „Abstract 796: Exploring the impact of masculine beliefs on colorectal cancer screening participation among Hispanic/Latino men in Florida, New York, and Texas“. Cancer Research 84, Nr. 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-796.
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Abstract Introduction: The existing literature on colorectal cancer-related inequities among Hispanic/Latino men may be poorly descried as most outcome data to date for this ethnic group are reported in aggregate. This study explored how masculine beliefs may influence colorectal cancer screening participation among ethnic subgroups of Hispanic/Latino men aged 45-75 years. Methods: Utilizing a consumer panel, self-identified Hispanic/Latino men that were age-eligible for colorectal cancer screening and fluent in either English or Spanish were recruited from Florida, New York, and Texas (February-March 2022). The Masculinity Barriers to Medical Care (MBMC) scale, comprising six theoretically derived subscales, was assessed masculinity. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between MBMC and colorectal cancer screening participation, adjusting for Hispanic/Latino subgroup, marital status, survey language, age, and health insurance status. Next, to explore differences by Hispanic/Latino subgroups (Mexican/Mexican American/Chicano; Puerto Rican; Cuban; Other Hispanic/Latino), results were stratified by subgroup and adjusted for confounding. Results: There were 611 male participants, with roughly 31% identifying as Puerto Rican, 30% a different Hispanic ethnic background (“Other Hispanic/Latino”), 26% Mexican, and 14% Cuban. More than half (63%) of whom had ever been screened for colorectal cancer. No variations in screening rates were observed across Hispanic/Latino subgroups. Stool-based tests were more commonly used for screening compared to exam-based tests (60% vs. 49%). After adjusting for confounding, masculinity barriers reduced the odds of the screening participation. Differences were observed by Hispanic/Latino subgroup for a few MBMC scale items. Specifically, Cuban men were most likely to report trust in healthcare professionals, but least likely to report receiving quality medical care. Latino men of other Hispanic ethnicity were more likely to report taking risks with their own health if it benefits their family. Among Puerto Rican men, higher scores on the restrictive emotionality subscale were associated with a lower likelihood of screening participation. Conversely, higher scores on the health-related self-reliance subscale were associated with a greater likelihood of screening participation among men of other Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Conclusion: Differences in colorectal cancer screening participation by Hispanic/Latino ethnicity were not observed, suggesting barriers to screening may be similar among subgroups. Masculinity barriers to colorectal cancer screening may exist among Latino men, particularly among Puerto Rican men. Intervening on these masculinity-related barriers masculinity may improve colorectal cancer screening uptake among Latino men. Citation Format: Ami E. Sedani, Jessica Y. Islam, Derek M. Griffith, Kelly K. Rifelj, Cordero L. McCall, Omar García-Rodríguez, Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Charles R. Rogers. Exploring the impact of masculine beliefs on colorectal cancer screening participation among Hispanic/Latino men in Florida, New York, and Texas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 796.
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Garcia, Catherine, Connor M. Sheehan, Nilda Florez-Gonzalez und Jennifer A. Ailshire. „Sleep Patterns among US Latinos by Nativity and Country of Origin: Results from the National Health Interview Survey“. Ethnicity & Disease 30, Nr. 1 (16.01.2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.1.119.
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Background: Sparse data exist to describe national population-level trends in short sleep duration among Latinos. Because short sleep duration is associated with several health conditions that are common in Latinos, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, understanding sleep trends among this population may be key to reducing their disease burden. This study aimed to document Latino subgroup differences in self-reported sleep duration by nativity and country of origin relative to Whites.Design and Setting: Pooled cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from the National Health and Interview Survey (NHIS), 2004-2017.Participants: 303,244 respondents, aged 18 to 84 years, who self-identified as non- Latino US-born White, US-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, US-born Puerto Rican, island-born Puerto Rican, US-born Cuban, foreign-born Cuban, US-born Dominican, foreign-born Dominican, US-born Central/South American, foreign-born Central/South American, US-born “other” Latino, and foreign-born “other” Latino.Methods: Multinomial logistic regression models were used to predict sleep duration controlling for demographics, acculturation, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. Results: We found that all Latino subgroups (except US-born Cubans) were more likely to report poor sleep duration relative to non-Latino Whites, net of demographic, acculturation, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics. However, the magnitude of disadvantage varies by Latino subgroup. We also found that poor sleep duration is concentrated among certain age groups for the various Latino subpopulations.Conclusions: Given that Latinos in the United States are at higher risk for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, understanding the patterns of sleep among this population can help identify strategies to improve sleep habits in order to reduce disease burden. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(1):119-128;doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.119
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Lamar, Melissa, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Robert C. Kaplan, Marisa J. Perera, Jianwen Cai, Rebeca A. Espinoza Giacinto, Hector M. González und Martha L. Daviglus. „Associations of Lipid Levels and Cognition: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos“. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, Nr. 3 (23.09.2019): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719001000.
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AbstractObjective:Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are less aware of their cholesterol levels and have a higher burden of associated adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes than non-Latino whites. Investigations of the associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in this population have often occurred within the context of metabolic syndrome and are limited to select lipids despite the fact that triglycerides (TGs) may be more relevant to the health of Hispanics/Latinos.Methods:Baseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, collected from 2008 to 2011, was used to investigate the associations of lipid levels (i.e., TG, total cholesterol, TC; low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C) with cognition (i.e., learning, memory, verbal fluency, and digit symbol substitution, DSS), adjusting for relevant confounders.Results:In 7413 participants ages 45 to 74 years from Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American backgrounds, separate, fully adjusted linear regression models revealed that TG levels were inversely associated with DSS performance; however, this relationship was no longer significant once additional cardiovascular disease risk factors were added to the model (p = .06). TC and LDL-C levels (separately) were positively associated with learning and verbal fluency regardless of adjustments (p-values < .05). Separate analyses investigating the effect modification by background and sex revealed a particularly robust association between TC levels and DSS performance for Puerto Ricans and Central Americans (albeit in opposite directions) and an inverse relationship between TG levels and DSS performance for women (p-values < .02).Conclusions:It is important to consider individual lipid levels and demographic characteristics when investigating associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in Hispanics/Latinos.
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Gimenez, Martha E. „Latino/“Hispanic”—Who Needs a Name? The Case against a Standardized Terminology“. International Journal of Health Services 19, Nr. 3 (Juli 1989): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hn6n-p1th-8chl-kw5x.
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Public health specialists, policy makers, social scientists, and politicians, for different reasons, have welcomed the “Hispanic” label. The label presumably identifies an ethnic group that is also a minority group (i.e., a group historically subject to economic exploitation and racial discrimination). Consequently, its consistent use by federal and state agencies would produce large quantities of comparable data useful for research, and for policy making and implementation. Critics have argued that the label is racist, it mystifies the real reasons for the disproportionately high proportion of people of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent in disadvantaged social and economic conditions, and stands in the way of a fair implementation of affirmative action. Latino, a race-neutral term with historical roots, has been suggested as an alternative to be used in conjunction with national origin or regional forms of self-identification. In this article, I argue that any standardized terminology is unavoidably flawed and conducive to the development of racist or, at best, trivial stereotypical analysis of the data thus produced. The “Hispanic” label does not identify an ethnic group or a minority group, but a heterogeneous population whose characteristics and behavior cannot be understood without necessarily falling into stereotyping. The label should be abandoned; social scientists and policy makers should, instead, acknowledge the existence of six aggregates, qualitatively different in their socioeconomic stratification, needs, and form of integration in the U.S. economy: two minority groups (people of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent), and four immigrant populations (Cubans, Central American refugees, Central American immigrants, and South American immigrants).
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Vaňková, Pavlína. „Studying the vocabulary of reggaeton song lyrics“. Topics in Linguistics 23, Nr. 2 (01.12.2022): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2022-0012.
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Abstract This paper studies the lyrics of reggaeton songs. Reggaeton is a popular genre nowadays, especially among young people. Its songs contain a very rich and sometimes surprising vocabulary. That was the reason for choosing this topic: to understand this genre of songs and their lyrics. Thus the purpose of this paper is to discover the meaning of the words used in the songs of this genre, to clarify the main vocabulary characteristics and to point out to the differences between the Spanish spoken in Latin America and Spain. In the analysis, specialized dictionaries were used to reveal the meaning of particular expressions. Attention was paid to expressions which are different from European Spanish as well as to English borrowings (anglicisms). Fifteen reggaeton songs from three countries (Puerto Rico, Cuba and Colombia) were chosen. Our findings showed that in each group (Puerto Rican, Cuban and Colombian), words typical of each of these countries were used in the songs. Anglicisms were also present, although to a different extent in each group.
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Camacho-Rivera, M., CR Rogers, O. Rodriguez-Garcia, D. Diaz und JY Islam. „Exploring Sociocultural Influences On Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Latino Men: Results From a Multi-State Survey“. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, Nr. 6 (01.06.2023): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0367.
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Background: The incidence of and mortality from early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), which occurs in individuals under age 50 years, have been increasing among Latinos. In 2018, the American Cancer Society endorsed a reduction from 50 to 45 years in the recommended age at which average-risk adults should initiate screening. Methods: We partnered with Qualtrics to recruit a multi-state convenience sample of self-identified Latino men from sources such as targeted email lists and social media. Eligibility criteria include men who: self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, resided in New York, Florida, or Texas, and understood English or Spanish. Survey was fielded from February to March 2022; 1,371 responses collected. Primary exposure was masculinity barriers, measured using validated Masculinity Barriers to Medical Care (MBMC) scale. Additional exposures were two subscales from the Male Role Norms, Attitudes, and Perceptions associated with CRC Screening instrument, as well as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity: (1) Mexican or Mexican American; (2) Cuban; (3) Puerto Rican; (4) Other Hispanic or Latino. Our main outcomes were self-report of CRC screening and fecal immunochemical test. Intention to obtain CRC screening secondary outcome. Preliminary analyses restricted to participants in the 45–59, 60–75 age categories (N = 611). Results: Among participants, 26% were of Mexican descent, 31% were Puerto Rican, 14% Cuban, 29% other Latino background. Eighty-one percent planned to obtain CRC screening in the future, although only 40% have used a fecal immunochemical test, and 51% have ever had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Latino men of other Hispanic ethnicity were more likely to report taking risks with their own health if it benefits their family (P = 0.018). Mexican men were least likely to report trust in healthcare professionals (P = 0.002), and Cuban men were most likely to report receiving quality medical care (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Masculinity barriers to medical care may play an important role in screening attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. It is important to understand the roles of intersecting social identities including race, ethnicity, gender identity and norms in reducing colorectal cancer disparities.
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Rodríguez, Eduardo Lemuel Tosado, Anelisse Dominicci-Maura, Loyda Mendez, Stephanie Dorta, Josefina Romaguera und Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. „Abstract 712: Cytokine and TGF-β levels are associated with changes in cervicovaginal microbiota in a cohort of Caribbean women“. Cancer Research 82, Nr. 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-712.
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Abstract Recent studies suggest that the cervical microbiome can strongly influence inflammation and pre-cancerous lesion progression. However, research focused on understanding the role of microbial communities in the progression of pre-cancerous lesions to cancer in Latino women is scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the cervicovaginal microbiome and inflammation while considering cervical neoplasia and HPV infection in Puerto Rican women. We collected cervical swabs and lavages from 142 participants coming to colposcopy clinics in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Genomic DNA was extracted from swabs, and 16S rDNA V4 region genes were amplified and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Inflammatory (IL-1β, TNFa, IFNg, IL-6), anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1), and trafficking (IL-8, MIP1a, MCP1, IP10) cytokines were measured from cervical lavages, using Luminex MAGPIX technology. Cytokines were related to microbes via an inflammation scoring index based on the quartile and tercile distribution of the cytokine’s concentration. IL-10 (p value= 0.0455) was significantly different when evaluating HPV risk, while IL1-β (p value= 0.0005) and INF-γ (p value= 0.0258) were significant when evaluating cervical disease. We found significant differences in diversity and composition of the microbiota among HPV risk, cervical disease, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and trafficking cytokine abundances. The increasing concentration of IL1-β, IL-10, and INF-γ, associated with a decrease in Lactobacillus communities. While contrarily, bacteria associated with dysbiosis such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, Atopobium increased. This study also revealed that the most dominant community state types (CST) among Puerto Rican women regardless of lesion or HPV status, are CST3 and 4 featuring high diversity and anaerobic bacteria typical of vaginosis in Caucasians. These CSTs are especially abundant with ~ 90% dominance in participants with high grade disease (HGSIL) and high-risk HPV. Our study evidence that the cervical microbiota of Puerto Ricans is characteristically diverse and that the joint host-microbe interaction analyses via cytokine signaling and microbiota in pre-cancerous lesions has great translational potential. Citation Format: Eduardo Lemuel Tosado Rodríguez, Anelisse Dominicci-Maura, Loyda Mendez, Stephanie Dorta, Josefina Romaguera, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. Cytokine and TGF-β levels are associated with changes in cervicovaginal microbiota in a cohort of Caribbean women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 712.
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Makowsky, V. „Editor's Introduction: New Perspectives on Puerto Rican, Latina/o, Chicana/o, and Caribbean American Literatures“. MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 38, Nr. 2 (23.05.2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlt021.
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Lipski, John M. „Convergence and Divergence in Bozal Spanish“. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 1, Nr. 2 (01.01.1986): 171–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.1.2.02lip.
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Afro-Hispanic language is attested from the 15th century to the early 20th century in Spain, Africa, and Latin America. The speech of bozales (slaves born in Africa and speaking Spanish only imperfectly) has frequently been used as evidence for monogenetic theories of Hispanic Creole formation, based on structural parallels and possibly Afro-Portuguese roots. The present study reviews the principal Afro-Hispanic manifestations over a period of more than 300 years, and traces those structures most frequently cited in monogenetic Afro-Iberian theories. The overall conclusion is that, while such cases as Papiamentu, Colombian Palenquero, and 19th century Cuban/Puerto Rican bozal language point to common origins or mutually shared influences, most other Afro-Hispanic language forms suggest merely imperfect learning and incipient pidginiza-tion which arose spontaneously each time Spanish and African languages came into contact.
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Arana-Chicas, Evelyn, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Xueya Cai, Shan Gao, Lisa S. Cox und Ana P. Cupertino. „Abstract B001: Biopsychosocial correlates of smoking menthol cigarettes and cessation among Latino smokers“. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, Nr. 1_Supplement (01.01.2023): B001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-b001.
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Abstract Introduction: Smoking menthol cigarettes is more prevalent among Latinos compared to non-Latino Whites. Latinos who smoke menthol are less likely to quit than Latinos who do not smoke menthol. However, there is scant information on the biopsychosocial factors correlated with smoking menthol among Latinos. Objective: To assess the biopsychosocial correlates of smoking menthol cigarettes and whether smoking menthol is associated with cessation among Latino smokers. Methods: This secondary analysis utilized baseline data from the Decídetexto study, an mhealth smoking cessation randomized clinical trial for Latinos. Participants resided in the United States and originated from the U.S. and 20 Latin American countries. Biopsychosocial variables included body mass index, # of comorbidities, age, alcohol use, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, education, health insurance, household income, marital status, country of origin, and acculturation – years in the U.S., primary language, and generation, and smoking cessation. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVAs were employed. Logistic regression models were performed to test the association between menthol use and smoking cessation, when treatment arm and other demographic variables were controlled. Results: Participants’ (n=457) mean age was 48.7 (SD=11.1), most were female (54.7%), primarily Spanish speakers (70.5%), daily smokers (91.7%), married (53.6%), and had an annual income between 0 – 29K (42.7%). Almost half of participants currently smoke menthol cigarettes (48.8%) and mean daily cigarettes was 11.6 (SD=8.03). Use of menthol was associated positively with younger age (46.3 vs 51.0 years; p<.001), having health insurance (53.6% vs 38.7%; p=0.004), unemployment (57.1% vs 44.6%, p=0.013), living longer years in the U.S. (31.0 vs 27.5 years; p=0.026), being 2nd generation in the U.S. compared to 1st generation (73.1% vs 41.7%; p<.001), and speaking primarily English (63.0% vs 42.9%, p<.001). Moreover, Puerto Ricans had significantly higher usage of menthol cigarettes compared to Latinos from other Latin American countries (75.7% vs 38.8%; p<.001). There were no significant correlations between psychological and biological variables and smoking menthol cigarettes. When looking at self-reported and biochemically verified cessation rates, Latinos who smoke menthol had lower quit rates (26.5% and 10.7% abstinent, respectively) compared to Latinos who do not smoke menthol (28.2% and 12.8% abstinent, respectively) (OR=1.05; 95% CI=0.65, 1.69; p=0.84 and OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.47, 1.68; p=0.71, respectively), although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Latinos who are more acculturated and from lower socioeconomic status were more likely to smoke menthol. The higher rates of continued smoking among menthol users is clinically meaningful and suggests menthol use may mark the need for additional support for successful quitting. These results are particularly relevant for Puerto Rican smokers who are more likely to smoke and use menthol cigarettes compared to other Latino subgroups. Citation Format: Evelyn Arana-Chicas, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Xueya Cai, Shan Gao, Lisa S. Cox, Ana P. Cupertino. Biopsychosocial correlates of smoking menthol cigarettes and cessation among Latino smokers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B001.
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Ormiston, Cameron K., Kevin Villalobos, Francisco Alejandro Montiel Ishino und Faustine Williams. „Association Between Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic or Latino Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study“. JMIR Formative Research 8 (06.06.2024): e48076. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/48076.
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Background Discrimination and xenophobia toward Hispanic and Latino communities increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely inflicting significant harm on the mental health of Hispanic and Latino individuals. Pandemic-related financial and social instability has disproportionately affected Hispanic and Latino communities, potentially compounding existing disparities and worsening mental health. Objective This study aims to examine the association between discrimination and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among a national sample of Hispanic and Latino adults. Methods Data from a 116-item web-based nationally distributed survey from May 2021 to January 2022 were analyzed. The sample (N=1181) was restricted to Hispanic or Latino (Mexican or Mexican American, Puerto Rican; Cuban or Cuban American, Central or South American, and Dominican or another Hispanic or Latino ethnicity) adults. Depression symptoms were assessed using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Discrimination was assessed using the 5-item Everyday Discrimination Scale. A multinomial logistic regression with a block entry model was used to assess the relationship between discrimination and the likelihood of depressive symptoms, as well as examine how controls and covariates affected the relationship of interest. Results Mexican or Mexican American adults comprised the largest proportion of the sample (533/1181, 45.13%), followed by Central or South American (204/1181, 17.3%), Puerto Rican (189/1181, 16%), Dominican or another Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (172/1181, 14.6%), and Cuban or Cuban American (83/1181, 7.03%). Approximately 31.26% (367/1181) of the sample had depressive symptoms. Regarding discrimination, 54.56% (634/1181) reported experiencing some form of discrimination. Compared with those who did not experience discrimination, those who experienced discrimination had almost 230% higher odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.31, 95% CI 2.42-4.54). Also, we observed that sociodemographic factors such as age and gender were significant. Compared with participants aged 56 years and older, participants aged 18-35 years and those aged 36-55 years had increased odds of having depressive symptoms (AOR 3.83, 95% CI 2.13-6.90 and AOR 3.10, 95% CI 1.74-5.51, respectively). Women had higher odds of having depressive symptoms (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.23-2.30) than men. Respondents with an annual income of less than US $25,000 (AOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.34-3.41) and US $25,000 to less than US $35,000 (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.17-3.06) had higher odds of depressive symptoms than those with an annual income of US $50,000 to less than US $75,000. Conclusions Our findings provide significant importance especially when considering the compounding, numerous socioeconomic challenges stemming from the pandemic that disproportionately impact the Hispanic and Latino communities. These challenges include rising xenophobia and tensions against immigrants, inadequate access to mental health resources for Hispanic and Latino individuals, and existing hesitations toward seeking mental health services among this population. Ultimately, these findings can serve as a foundation for promoting health equity.
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Torres, M. Idalí, Robert Tuthill, Sarah Lyon-Callo, C. Mercedes Hernández und Paul Epkind. „Focused Female Condom Education and Trial: Comparison of Young African American and Puerto Rican Women's Assessments“. International Quarterly of Community Health Education 18, Nr. 1 (April 1998): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lrrb-gytb-6cap-38u4.
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This article compares the experience of young African-American and Puerto Rican women with the female condom during a thirty-day trial period by examining qualitative data from participant observations and in-depth interviews conducted at the end of the trial. Research was funded by CDC and conducted in two neighborhood health centers in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. Salient findings identify inter-group similarities and differences in the local sociocultural community context in which African-American and Latina young women considered using the female condom as a method of protection against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, adopted strategies to introduce and negotiate the device with male partners, and communicated their experiences in post-trial interviews. Inter-group diversity is highlighted in community structures for promoting sexual health protection, and in women's patterns of communication, descriptions of their male partner's reactions to the device and trial activities and suggestions for health education focused on the female condom. Potential implications of these findings for future research and interventions in multicultural communities are also discussed.
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Ogliastri, Enrique. „Editorial on the international collaboration in Latin American publications on management, vis-à-vis the best papers in Cladea 2015“. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 29, Nr. 4 (07.11.2016): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-07-2016-0201.
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Abstract This issue includes five of the best papers, from six different countries, presented in the Cladea Assembly of 2015. This introduction summarises the papers and presents an analysis of Latin American publications on management, and of the advantages and conditions for international collaboration. The first article looks at the positive impact of the decentralization of decision-making processes and the formalisation of work in the innovation of small and medium enterprises. The second studies the fear of failure in work and its relationship to demographic variables. The third analyses the impact of the domestic violence suffered by workers on customer services in Puerto Rican companies. The fourth discusses the relationship between teleworking and the work-family conflict, and finally, the fifth is aimed at optimising the management of dependent demand inventory systems. This issue includes five articles chosen among the best papers presented at the Cladea Assembly of 2015 organised by Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile). The articles were sent in from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain, and Puerto Rico, and were the best assessed in the fields of organisational behaviour, leadership and human capital management, entrepreneurships and SMEs, technology management and innovation, and operations management and value chains. The selection process began with the evaluation of the works sent to the conference for each topic. The author wish to thank the organisers, those in charge of each topic, and all the evaluators that helped select the best works. In particular, we thank Sergio Olavarrieta, José Ernesto Amorós, Jorge Ayala, Silvio Borrero, Daniel Cabrera, Reinaldo Calvo, Consuelo García, Valeska Geldres, Jorge Gilbert, Olga Pizarro, José Antonio Robles, and Jorge Tarzijan. Authors interested in publishing their articles were asked to send in a revised version. These new versions were then subjected to a double blind evaluation, and subsequent revisions until reaching the current publication. This has been a collective process in which dozens of academics from all the Cladea schools and countries have taken part.
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Baxandall, Rosalyn Fraad. „An Anti-Imperialist Feminist's Tale“. Monthly Review 67, Nr. 4 (06.09.2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-04-2015-08_6.
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<div class="bookreview">Roberta Salper, <em>Domestic Subversive: A Feminist Take on the Left, 1960–1976</em> (Tucson: Anaphora Literary Press, 2014), 236 pages, $20, paperback.</div>Since second wave feminism is the largest social movement in the history of the United States, it is surprising that there are fewer than a dozen autobiographies written by the activists of the late 1960s and early '70s. Roberta Salper's <em>Domestic Subversive</em> is a welcome addition, especially because it is well-written, often with humor, and promises an anti-imperialist feminist analysis.… <em>Domestic Subversive</em> is a feminist's take on a range of organizations of the left from 1960 to 1976: the student movement in Spain, New Left movement in the United States, Marxist-Leninist Puerto Rican Socialist Party in the United States and Puerto Rico, and a prestigious liberal think tank in Washington, D.C., the Latin American Unit of the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), where she worked as a Resident Fellow.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-4" title="Vol. 67, No. 4: September 2015" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>
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Elfassy, Tali, Allison E. Aiello, Neil Schneiderman, Mary N. Haan, Wassim Tarraf, Hector M. González, Marc Gellman et al. „Relation of Diabetes to Cognitive Function in Hispanics/Latinos of Diverse Backgrounds in the United States“. Journal of Aging and Health 31, Nr. 7 (24.03.2018): 1155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318759379.
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Objectives:To examine the association between diabetes and cognitive function within U.S. Hispanics/Latinos of Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American background. Method: This cross-sectional study included 9,609 men and women (mean age = 56.5 years), who are members of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We classified participants as having diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose regulation. Participants underwent a neurocognitive battery consisting of tests of verbal fluency, delayed recall, and processing speed. Analyses were stratified by Hispanic/Latino subgroup. Results: From fully adjusted linear regression models, compared with having normal glucose regulation, having diabetes was associated with worse processing speed among Cubans (β = −1.99; 95% CI [confidence interval] = [−3.80, −0.19]) and Mexicans (β = −2.26; 95% CI = [−4.02, −0.51]). Compared with having normal glucose regulation, having prediabetes or diabetes was associated with worse delayed recall only among Mexicans (prediabetes: β = −0.34; 95% CI = [−0.63, −0.05] and diabetes: β = −0.41; 95% CI = [−0.79, −0.04]). No associations with verbal fluency. Discussion: The relationship between diabetes and cognitive function varied across Hispanic/Latino subgroup.
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Gaston, Symielle A., Erline E. Martinez-Miller, John McGrath, W. Braxton Jackson II, Anna Napoles, Eliseo Pérez-Stable und Chandra L. Jackson. „Disparities in multiple sleep characteristics among non-Hispanic White and Hispanic/Latino adults by birthplace and language preference: cross-sectional results from the US National Health Interview Survey“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 9 (September 2021): e047834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047834.
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ObjectiveTo investigate whether sleep disparities vary by birthplace among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic/Latino adults in the USA and to investigate language preference as an effect modifier.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUSA.Participants254 699 men and women.MethodsWe used pooled 2004–2017 National Health Interview Survey data. Adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioural/clinical characteristics, survey-weighted Poisson regressions with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of self-reported sleep characteristics (eg, sleep duration, trouble staying asleep) among (1) foreign-born NHW adults and Hispanic/Latino heritage groups versus US-born NHW adults and (2) Hispanic/Latino heritage groups versus foreign-born NHW adults. We further stratified by language preference in comparisons of Hispanic/Latino heritage groups with the US-born NHW group.ResultsAmong 254 699 participants with a mean age±SE 47±0.9 years, 81% self-identified their race/ethnicity as NHW, 12% Mexican, 2% Puerto Rican, 1% Cuban, 1% Dominican and 3% Central/South American. Compared with US-born NHW adults, foreign-born NHW adults were more likely to report poor sleep quality (eg, PRtrouble staying asleep=1.27 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.37)), and US-born Mexican adults were no more likely to report non-recommended sleep duration while foreign-born Mexican adults were less likely (eg, PR≤5-hours=0.52 (0.47 to 0.57)). Overall, Mexican adults had lower prevalence of poor sleep quality versus US-born NHW adults, and PRs were lowest for foreign-born Mexican adults. US-born Mexican adults were more likely than foreign-born NHW adults to report shorter sleep duration. Regardless of birthplace, Puerto Rican adults were more likely to report shorter sleep duration versus NHW adults. Generally, sleep duration and quality were better among Cuban and Dominican adults versus US-born NHW adults but were similar versus foreign-born NHW adults. Despite imprecision in certain estimates, Spanish language preference was generally associated with increasingly better sleep among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups compared with US-born NHW adults.ConclusionSleep disparities varied by birthplace, Hispanic/Latino heritage and language preference, and each characteristic should be considered in sleep disparities research.
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Osterman, Carlos J. Diaz, Nicole Torres Muriel, Shannalee R. Martinez, Noemi Santiago, Brenda L. Rodriguez Ruiz, Geoffrey Rodriguez, Eric Rosa et al. „Abstract A076: Evaluating cardiometabolic and oncologic risk among Puerto Rican men with prostate cancer“. Cancer Research 83, Nr. 11_Supplement (02.06.2023): A076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.prca2023-a076.
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Abstract Background. Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders are significant contributors to mortality among men with prostate cancer. However, no evidence is yet available for the role of cardiometabolic comorbidities in the tumor risk stratification or clinical management of men with prostate cancer. Like African American men, Puerto Rican men have a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. As cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors are highly prevalent in Puerto Rico, we proposed to investigate coordinated risk evaluation of cardiometabolic and oncologic risk in this population. We hypothesized that a subset of cardiometabolic risk factors consistently correlate with clinically defined aggressive disease. Methods. The Puerto Rico Urology Group (PRUG) is the largest group urology practice in Puerto Rico. It currently consists of eight urologists serving the Western, Southern, Central, and Metropolitan regions of Puerto Rico including the island municipalities of Vieques and Culebra. A cohort (n=401) of patients treated to between 2018 and 2022 by the PRUG have been identified for analysis in this study, of which n=30 have been analyzed to date. Clinical data were extracted from consented patients’ medical records with approval by the Ponce Research Institute Institutional Review Board (IRB approval no. 2210121134). Post-surgical cancer of the prostate risk assessment (CAPRA-S) were used to stratify tumors and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors were evaluated across tumor risk strata. Results. Of the 14 patients with intermediate or high risk, all had a body mass index over 26 compared to 7/16 patients with low-risk tumors (p=0.0009). Among patients with intermediate/high risk, 12/14 had high blood pressure compared to 8/16 patients with low-risk tumors (p=0.0577, RR=3.0). Hyperlipidemia was present in 5/14 patients with intermediate/high risk and 1/16 patients with low-risk tumors (p=0.0725, RR=2.22). Hypercholesterolemia was detected in 3/14 intermediate/high risk and in 6/16 low risk tumors (p=0.4397, RR=0.63). Other cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes with complications and smoking status did not differ between cancer risk groups. Discussion. The Puerto Rican population represents the second largest Hispanic/Latino subgroup in the United States and has disproportionately high rates of prostate cancer and cardiometabolic comorbidity. Our preliminary findings indicate that the coordinated evaluation of cancer risk in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors may provide additional insights for risk stratification for patients with prostate cancer from populations with high prevalence of these chronic diseases. Although the study was limited by sample size, our findings provide insights for ongoing studies to evaluate large, multi-institutional cohorts and identify molecular indicators of cardiometabolic risk predictive of prostate cancer aggressiveness among diverse populations. Citation Format: Carlos J. Diaz Osterman, Nicole Torres Muriel, Shannalee R. Martinez, Noemi Santiago, Brenda L. Rodriguez Ruiz, Geoffrey Rodriguez, Eric Rosa, Ana M. Escalona Cruz, Ralph Krumhansl, Julie Dutil, Kosj Yamoah, Jong Y. Park, William Roman Torreguitart. Evaluating cardiometabolic and oncologic risk among Puerto Rican men with prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A076.