Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Puerto Rican and Caribbean“
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1
Jiménez, Cristina Pérez. „Puerto Rican Colonialism, Caribbean Radicalism, and Pueblos Hispanos’s Inter-Nationalist Alliance“. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 23, Nr. 3 (01.11.2019): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-7912322.
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Drawing from Earl Browder’s papers, this essay examines the Communist-sponsored, New York Spanish-language newspaper Pueblos Hispanos (1943–44), arguing that the publication staged an uneasy alliance between the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and the US Communist Party by positioning Puerto Rican independence as central to a wider decolonial Caribbean and postwar world order. By analyzing Pueblos Hispanos’s practice of “inter-nationalism”—a term the author proposes to denote the flexible strategy used to mediate between competing political interests and which can serve as a model for understanding the compromised collaborations between Communist and nationalist leaders in the Caribbean—this essay expands our understanding of Communist influence in Caribbean liberation movements and begins to reinsert the contributions of early-and mid-twentieth-century Puerto Ricans, and more widely, Spanish caribeños, within a Marxist-inflected Caribbean radical tradition.
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Soto Vega, Karrieann M. „Afterlives of Anticolonial Dissent: Performances of Public Memory within and against the United States of América“. Journal for the History of Rhetoric 24, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.24.1.0069.
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ABSTRACT Examining how Puerto Rican nationalist icon Lolita Lebrón is celebrated through artistic performances of public memory, this essay investigates how social movement rhetorical histories are used to propel contemporary sovereignty struggles in Puerto Rico. In it, I argue that situating the afterlives of Lebrón’s anticolonial dissent requires that scholars and activists pay specific attention to the unique interlocking systems of oppression and privilege distinctive to the Caribbean territory, influenced by centuries of colonialism. Describing “la trinchera cultural” – or “the cultural trenches” – as the battleground for the urgency of sovereignty for Puerto Ricans, I describe how Las Lolitas, the group responsible for Lebrón’s centennial celebration, engaged in performances of public memory that took place in spaces that would showcase a Puerto Rican nationalist rhetorical repertoire. This repertoire emphasizes networks of solidarity, feminist concerns, and revolutionary spirit across time, highlighting resistance to past colonial transgressions to aid in present/future struggles over Puerto Rican self-determination.
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Espada-Brignoni, Teófilo, und Frances Ruiz-Alfaro. „Culture, Subjectivity, and Music in Puerto Rico“. International Perspectives in Psychology 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000001.
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Abstract. Understanding human phenomena requires an in-depth analysis of the interconnectedness that arises from a particular culture and its history. Subjectivity as well as a collective subjectivity emerges from human productions such as language and art in a specific time and place. In this article, we explore the role of African-based popular music genres such as bomba and plena as ways of negotiating narratives about Puerto Rican society. Popular music encompasses diverse meanings. Puerto Rican folk music’s subjectivity provides narratives that distance Puerto Ricans from an individualistic cosmovision, allowing us to understand the social and political dimensions of this complex Caribbean culture. The events of the summer of 2019, which culminated in the ousting of governor Ricardo Rosselló from his position, illustrate how music can foster social change.
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Rubóczki, Babett. „Cultural and Natural Roots of Puerto Rican Mestizaje in Rosario Ferré’s The House on the Lagoon“. Eger Journal of English Studies 20 (2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33035/egerjes.2020.20.35.
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The paper explores the conversational orchestration of family anecdotes as a dominant experimental narrative strategy underlying Puerto Rican author Rosario Ferré’s historical novel, The House on the Lagoon. The study reads Ferré’s narrative through Mikhail Bakhtin’s philosophy of the dialogic nature of language to highlight the interplay between environmental and cultural images of hybridity. The close reading of this representative piece of US Caribbean literature elucidates how Ferré utilizes the dialogic form to contest the Puerto Rican cultural and national politics that tend to suppress and silence the nonwhite (black and indigenous) components of Puerto Rican identity.
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Stephens, Miari Taina. „Black Feminist Organizing and Caribbean Cyberfeminisms in Puerto Rico“. Open Cultural Studies 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2022-0149.
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Abstract This article centers Black feminist organizing in Puerto Rico, highlighting social media as a tool for racial and gender justice. Collaboration between Puerto Rican feminist organizations on social media platforms amplifies their on-the-ground work and demands. Mapping Caribbean Cyberfeminisms (2016) theorizes Caribbean cyberfeminisms as “knowledge-producing spaces of political thought and action” online by Caribbean feminists. I argue that through content creation and curation, reposting and sharing, commenting and captioning, broadcasting live, Black feminist collectives, organizations and projects in Puerto Rico use digital and virtual technologies to extend their Black feminist organizing and collaboration, building a Caribbean cyberfeminist network in the process.
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Chaar-Pérez, Khalila. „“The Antilles for the Sons of the Antilles”: On Translating Ramón Emeterio Betances“. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, Nr. 3 (01.11.2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-9583516.
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In sharing the original French version as well as Spanish and (first-ever) English translations of “Speech at the Masonic Lodge of Port-au-Prince” (ca. 1870–71), the author argues for the importance of the work of Afro–Puerto Rican activist Ramón Emeterio Betances in the history of Caribbean decolonization. This speech represents a unique inter-Caribbean intervention in the anti-imperial struggle of the time. With the Cuban Ten Years’ War against Spain in the background, Betances, in contrast to his fellow Cuban and Puerto Rican activists, advocates a vision of Caribbean sovereignty that is inclusive of Haiti. Although the limitations of revolutionary masculinity and regional sameness are evident in the text, Betances proposes a politics of unity beyond nationhood that interconnects with later decolonial projects of coliberation.
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Rogers, Rhianna C. „Overcoming Issues in Ancient Puerto Rican Boulder Art Research: Reflections from the La Mina Petroglyph Project“. AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 7 (23.04.2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v7i0.148.
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Puerto Rico has long been understood by archaeologists as a key geographical location for understanding the succession of cultural occupations in the Caribbean (Alegría, 1965; Curet, 2006; Siegel, 2005.) Unfortunately, despite the importance of archaeology in this region, the island has been continuously effected by socio-economic instability, lack of archaeological funding opportunities, few specialized academic programs, and a heavy focus on cultural resource management (CRM) rather than academic research. Though more Puerto Rican-focused archaeologists have joined the academic discussion, publications in this area are still relatively low and heavily focused on CRM and salvage work. Poor funding and resources for non-consulting archaeological projects has relegated Puerto Rico to the “island with the lowest number of publications in the Spanish Caribbean.” (L.A. Current, 2006 pg. 656). This paper will highlight some of the limitations of working in Puerto Rican archaeology. We will use the experiences we gained from our research project at the La Mina archaeological site to shed light on some of the difficulties we encountered as well as (hopefully) encourage an increase in academic and financial support for this understudied region of the Caribbean.
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Zambrana-Echevarría, Cristina, Lorriane De Jesús-Kim, Rocio Márquez-Karry, Dimuth Siritunga und David Jenkins. „Diversity of Papaya ringspot virus Isolates in Puerto Rico“. HortScience 51, Nr. 4 (April 2016): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.4.362.
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Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) devastates papaya production worldwide. In Puerto Rico, papaya fields can be completely infected with PRSV within a year of planting. Information about the diversity of the Puerto Rican PRSV (PR-PRSV) population is relevant to establish a control strategy in the island. The coat protein gene (cp) of PRSV was sequenced from 62 isolates from different regions in Puerto Rico. The viral population of PRSV in Puerto Rico has 4% nucleotide and 5% amino acid diversity. Analysis of the coat protein (CP) amino acid sequence showed a variable amino terminal (N-terminal) region with a conserved aphid transmission motif and a variable EK repeat region. The core and carboxyl terminal (C-terminal) region were conserved. In the phylogenetic analysis, Puerto Rican isolates grouped independently of their geographical origin, with the exception of southern isolates that formed two separate subgroups and were the most divergent. Sequences of the cp from the Puerto Rican isolates, when compared with sequences from other countries, showed least genetic distance with isolates from the United States and Australia, followed by other American and Caribbean isolates. The U.S. and Australian isolates are sister taxa to the Puerto Rican isolates in the phylogenetic tree. This suggests that PRSV from Puerto Rico and the isolates from the United States and Australia have a common origin thought to be from a Mexican population.
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Gonzalez-Cordero, Ariel F., Jorge Duconge-Soler, Hilton Franqui-Rivera, Roberto Feliu-Maldonado, Abiel Roche-Lima und Israel Almodovar-Rivera. „Insight on the Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation in Puerto Rican Hispanics“. Stroke Research and Treatment 2021 (07.01.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8819896.
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Non-Hispanic whites present with higher atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence than other racial minorities living in the mainland USA. In two hospital-based studies, Puerto Rican Hispanics had a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation of 2.5% than non-Hispanic Whites with 5.7%. This data is particularly controversial because Hispanics possess a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors for developing AF yet have a lower AF prevalence. This phenomenon is known as the atrial fibrillation paradox. Despite recent advancements in understanding AF, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we compared a genetic dataset of Puerto Rican Hispanics to 111 SNP known to be associated with AF in a large European cohort and determine if they are associated with AF susceptibility in our cohort. To achieve this aim, we performed a secondary analysis of existing data using the following two studies: (1) The Pharmacogenetics of Warfarin in Puerto Ricans study and the (2) A Genomic Approach for Clopidogrel in Caribbean Hispanics, and assess for the presence of European SNPs associated with AF from the genome-wide association study of 1 million people identifies 111 loci for atrial fibrillation. We used data from 555 cardiovascular Puerto Rican Hispanic patients, consisting of 486 control and 69 cases. We found that the following SNPs showed significant association with AF in PHR: rs2834618, rs6462079, rs7508, rs2040862, and rs10458660. Some of these SNPs are proteins involved in lysosomal activities responsible for breaking ceramides to sphingosines and collagen deposition around atrial cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we performed a machine learning analysis and determined that Native American admixture and heart failure were strongly predictive of AF in PHR. For the first time, this study provides some genetic insight into AF’s mechanisms in a Puerto Rican Hispanic cohort.
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Gonzalez-Cordero, Ariel F., Jorge Duconge-Soler, Hilton Franqui-Rivera, Roberto Feliu-Maldonado, Abiel Roche-Lima und Israel Almodovar-Rivera. „Insight on the Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation in Puerto Rican Hispanics“. Stroke Research and Treatment 2021 (07.01.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8819896.
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Non-Hispanic whites present with higher atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence than other racial minorities living in the mainland USA. In two hospital-based studies, Puerto Rican Hispanics had a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation of 2.5% than non-Hispanic Whites with 5.7%. This data is particularly controversial because Hispanics possess a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors for developing AF yet have a lower AF prevalence. This phenomenon is known as the atrial fibrillation paradox. Despite recent advancements in understanding AF, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we compared a genetic dataset of Puerto Rican Hispanics to 111 SNP known to be associated with AF in a large European cohort and determine if they are associated with AF susceptibility in our cohort. To achieve this aim, we performed a secondary analysis of existing data using the following two studies: (1) The Pharmacogenetics of Warfarin in Puerto Ricans study and the (2) A Genomic Approach for Clopidogrel in Caribbean Hispanics, and assess for the presence of European SNPs associated with AF from the genome-wide association study of 1 million people identifies 111 loci for atrial fibrillation. We used data from 555 cardiovascular Puerto Rican Hispanic patients, consisting of 486 control and 69 cases. We found that the following SNPs showed significant association with AF in PHR: rs2834618, rs6462079, rs7508, rs2040862, and rs10458660. Some of these SNPs are proteins involved in lysosomal activities responsible for breaking ceramides to sphingosines and collagen deposition around atrial cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we performed a machine learning analysis and determined that Native American admixture and heart failure were strongly predictive of AF in PHR. For the first time, this study provides some genetic insight into AF’s mechanisms in a Puerto Rican Hispanic cohort.
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Chaar-Pérez, Kahlila. „Revolutionary Visions? Ramón Emeterio Betances, Les deux Indiens, and Haiti“. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 24, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8190553.
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This essay examines the aesthetics and politics of one of the key figures in the emergence of the Caribbean anti-imperial imaginary in the nineteenth century: the Afro–Puerto Rican activist Ramón Emeterio Betances (1827–98). Through a critical interpretation of Les deux Indiens (1857), a romantic novella about the conquest of Puerto Rico, and “A Cuba Libre” (1871), a biographical essay about Haiti’s first president, Alexandre Pétion, the author explores Betances’s vision of Caribbean unity and its connections to race, gender, republicanism, and decolonization.
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Baditzné Pálvölgyi, Kata. „La entonación de las interrogativas absolutas no marcadas en el español boricua“. Acta Hispanica 22 (01.01.2017): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2017.22.25-44.
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The present investigation focuses on the intonation of unmarked Puerto Rican yes-no questions. Puerto Rico belongs to the Caribbean dialectal zone from an intonational point of view, hence this type of questions is accompanied by a final descendent melodic movement, which is untypical in the rest of the Spanish speaking world. By the help of 51 Puerto Rican utterances taken from spontaneous speech Youtube videos, we will examine if the characteristic falling pattern of this type of sentences is a circumflex one starting from the last accented syllable, or a rising one followed by a fall starting from the last accent. In addition, it is also our aim to determine the percentage of the final fall.
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Basáñez Barrio, Endika. „Una revisión histórico-política de la producción literaria puertorriqueña. Entrevista con Fernando Feliú Matilla / A historical and political review of Puertorriquean Literatura. Interview to Fernando Feliú Matilla“. Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural., Nr. 9 (31.08.2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/kam.9.10150.
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Resumen: A lo largo de la siguiente entrevista, el profesor, historiador, crítico e investigador la de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, el catedrático en literatura puertorriqueña don Fernando Feliú Matilla, nos permite establecer una visión histórica de la génesis artística llevada a cabo en la Isla a través de los diferentes contextos socio-políticos que han tenido lugar en la misma desde la aparición de una literatura puertorriqueña propia y distintiva hasta la anexión de Puerto Rico a los Estados Unidos de América como Estado Libre Asociado en 1952 y su impronta en la génesis isleña. Si bien la entrevista tiene como objeto principal la literatura boricua, también se debaten en la misma el falocentrismo cultural presente en la cultura puertorriqueña, las relaciones políticas entre San Juan y Washington D.C., la influencia de los textos diaspóricos en la producción isleña o la situación del panorama artístico actual en Puerto Rico.Palabras clave: Literatura hispanoamericana; Literatura puertorriqueña; Estados Unidos; emigración; política. Abstract: Throughtout the following interview, professor Fernando Feliú Matilla, who holds a chair in Puerto Rican Studies and Literature, offers his personal point of view after years of research about Puerto Rican literature written in the 20th century. The interview is developed from a historical perspective, which means that it starts right from the moment Puerto Rico was still a Spanish colony in the Americas, until the present day, being Puerto Rico a Free Associated State of the United States of America (also known as American Commonwealth of Puerto Rico). Besides the literature, professor Feliú Matilla also gives his opinion about the absence of female writers in Puerto Rican literature, the relationships between San Juan and Washington D.C., the cultural movements that Puerto Rican literature written nowadays is influenced by, and many other different topics such as Caribbean literature written in the United States and its connection with Puerto Rican art.Keywords: Hispanic Literature; Puerto Rican Literature; USA; immigration; politics.
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Mignucci, Andrés. „Casa Fullana: a model for modern living in the tropics“. Modern Houses, Nr. 64 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/64.a.zebgxty3.
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Casa Fullana [Fullana House], built in 1955 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is an exemplary model of Henry Klumb’s (1905-1984) design principles for modern living in the tropics. German architect Henry Klumb conducted a prolific architectural practice in Puerto Rico, producing some of the most iconic examples of tropical modernism in the Caribbean. His work, most notably at the University of Puerto Rico (1946-1966) (UPR) and in landmark projects like the San Martin de Porres Church (1948) in Cataño, constituted a breakthrough in Puerto Rican, Caribbean and Latin American architecture. Anchored in the principles of modern architecture, specifically of an organic architecture put forward by his mentor Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Klumb’s work is deeply rooted in the specificities of the landscape, topography, and climate of Puerto Rico as a tropical island.
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Rogers, Charlotte. „A Multispecies Caribbean“. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 28, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-11131174.
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In an era of deepening social and ecological calamity, artists from Puerto Rico currently address perennial questions of catastrophe in ways that foreground the island archipelago’s multispecies relationships: the dynamic assemblages of human and more-than-human organisms that confront the ongoing depredations of environmental colonialism. This essay takes a first step toward establishing a field of multispecies Caribbean studies by analyzing the work of the contemporary Puerto Rican artist Dhara Rivera. Rivera’s installations critically reimagine multispecies relations by crafting an aesthetics of ecological reinvention that neither hearkens back to a falsely harmonious ecological past nor foretells an entirely apocalyptic planetary future. Caribbean multispecies studies complicate commonplaces of ecocriticism by troubling the neat division between spectacular disaster and slow violence, questioning the mobilization of the assemblage as a straightforward and positive compositional attribute and bringing together environmental justice and environmental humanities scholarship with an eye to a livable present.
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Noel, Urayoán. „Copla por la muerte de su padre“. Caribbean Quilt 6, Nr. 1 (04.02.2022): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.37445.
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In this self-translated bilingual poem, Puerto Rican poet Urayoán Noel reflects on life and death in the Caribbean from a contemporary diasporic perspective, recasting the 15th-century Castilian poet Jorge Manrique and his famous version of the copla verse form
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Ramadan-Santiago, Omar. „Constructing Spiritual Blackness“. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 95, Nr. 1-2 (09.03.2021): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-bja10004.
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Abstract In this article, I address how my interlocutors, members of the Rastafari community in Puerto Rico, claim that they identify with Blackness and Africanness in a manner different from other Black-identifying Puerto Ricans. Their identification process presents a spiritual and global construction of Blackness that does not fit within the typical narratives often used to discuss Black identity in Puerto Rico. I argue that their performance of a spiritually Black identity creates a different understanding of Blackness in Puerto Rico, one that is not nation-based but rather worldwide. This construction of Blackness and Black identity allows my interlocutors to create an imagined community of Blackness and African descent that extends past Puerto Rico’s borders toward the greater Caribbean region and African continent. In the first section, I discuss how Blackness is understood and emplaced in Puerto Rico and why this construction is considered too limiting by my interlocutors. I then address their own construction of Blackness, what I refer to as “spiritual Blackness,” and how they believe it diverges from Afro-Boricua/Black Puerto Rican identity. In the final section, I direct focus to how Africa is centralized in the construction of spiritual Blackness.
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Baver, Sherrie. „Environmental Struggles in Paradise: Puerto Rican Cases, Caribbean Lessons“. Caribbean Studies 40, Nr. 1 (2012): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crb.2012.0011.
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Conway, Dennis, Mark Ellis und Naragandat Shiwdhan. „Caribbean international circulation: Are Puerto Rican women tied-circulators?“ Geoforum 21, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(90)90005-q.
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Tabares, Vivian Martínez. „Caribbean Bodies, Migrations, and Spaces of Resistance“. TDR/The Drama Review 48, Nr. 2 (Juni 2004): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105420404323063373.
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An analysis of three closely related solo performances by artists from the Caribbean. The works of Puerto Rican Javier Cardona, Dominican Waddys Jáques, and Cuban Marianela Boán are hybrid expressions that make no distinction between theatre and dance. These artists ignore linear or continuous time, actively consider the audience, and propose a subversive and intertextual linguistic game that appropriates popular language and culture, merging these into a new performative norm.
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Giusti-Cordero, Juan A. „Labour, Ecology and History in a Puerto Rican Plantation Region: “Classic” Rural Proletarians Revisited“. International Review of Social History 41, S4 (Dezember 1996): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114270.
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The sugar workers of large-scale capitalist plantations in the Caribbean are familiar figures in social history. As portrayed in Sidney Mintz's landmark research in southern Puerto Rico, sugar workers are manifest rural proletarians: landless wage labourers exploited by “land-and-factory combines”. In Mintz's studies, Puerto Rican sugar workers became the classic case of modern rural proletarians. Such rural proletarians are the dichotomous opposite of peasants: hence given rural populations are either peasants or rural proletarians.
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Rodríguez-Silva, Ileana M. „The Caribbean House of Mirrors“. positions: asia critique 29, Nr. 1 (01.02.2021): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8722797.
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This article introduces the house of mirrors as an analytical device with the aim of cracking open binary comparative work. It offers close readings of debates regarding US colonialism among Puerto Rican intellectuals and politicians at two distinct historical moments. These are the 1910s, prompted specifically by the 1912 War in Cuba, and the early Cold War, the 1950s and 1960s moment of intentionally modeling Puerto Rico as the “Showcase of the Americas.” In changing the focus to examine the play of images intrinsic to the house of mirrors, this meditation seeks to avoid reproducing the single and contained national gaze that often frames comparative narratives, even when they acknowledge the overlapping geographic, sociocultural, and political circuits shaping historical subjects. Instead, the house of mirrors reveals the operational mechanisms of the national modern gaze historical actors often employed to organize their experiences, project themselves onto others, and advance their political desires.
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Safa, Helen I. „Changing Forms of U.S. Hegemony in Puerto Rico: The Impact on the Family and Sexuality“. Itinerario 25, Nr. 3-4 (November 2001): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530001500x.
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It has been over a hundred years since the U.S. took control of Puerto Rico. In that time, the way in which the U.S. perceived Puerto Rico has changed from a colony requiring Americanisation to, in the 1950s, its showcase of democracy in the Caribbean, to today, an island that still retains geopolitical importance for the U.S., but represents an increasing economic burden. The failure of Operation Bootstrap, as the Puerto Rican industrialization program was known, resulted in permanent large-scale unemployment, with a population dependent on federal transfers for a living, and a constant source of migration to the mainland, where over half of Puerto Ricans now live. I shall trace the outline of these three stages in U.S. hegemony over Puerto Rico, and argue that throughout the U.S. Congress was reluctant to fully incorporate Puerto Rico, because its population was deemed racially and socially inferior to that of the mainland. Though the removal of Spain from Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines was considered part of the its ‘manifest destiny’, the United States never intended to incorporate these people so different from the U.S. as part of the American nation, as was done with its earlier acquisitions in Texas, Alaska or even Hawaii.
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Jury, Mark R., und David M. Sanchez. „Composite Meteorological Forcing of Puerto Rican Springtime Flood Events“. Weather and Forecasting 24, Nr. 1 (01.02.2009): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2222151.1.
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Abstract The central Antilles Islands experience short periods of heavy rainfall during the spring season (April and May) when trade winds weaken across the Caribbean Sea. Composite analysis of the top 10 flood events in the period 1979–2005 is carried out to understand the meteorological forcing. Cases are selected when mean rainfall over Puerto Rico exceeds 50 mm day−1 and emergency management reports indicate the day is a “declared weather disaster.” In the NCEP–NCAR composite analyses, pulses of moisture shift westward across the tropical Atlantic about 10 days before a flood event. Five days before the composite flood a westerly trough penetrates eastward from the Gulf of Mexico. Northward flow develops over the Caribbean Sea and a southwest-oriented cloud band extends from Colombia toward Puerto Rico. A key feature of the midtropospheric circulation field is the development of anomalous twin rotors east of Florida in the mid- to upper troposphere. The flood events coincide with a change in zonal wind shear from westerly to easterly that is brought about by slow tropical and fast subtropical wave systems.
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DAZA, JUAN D., BRENDAN J. PINTO, RICHARD THOMAS, ALEXANDRA HERRERA-MARTINEZ, DANIEL P. SCANTLEBURY, LUIS F. PADILLA GARCÍA, RAJESH P. BALARAMAN, GAD PERRY und TONY GAMBLE. „The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)“. Zootaxa 4712, Nr. 2 (19.12.2019): 151–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1.
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Studies of the Caribbean herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) have made significant contributions to our knowledge of evolutionary patterns and processes. A prerequisite for these studies are accurate taxonomies and robust phylogenetic hypotheses. One notable Caribbean radiation lacking such data are dwarf geckos of the genus Sphaerodactylus. Systematics of the Puerto Rican Sphaerodactylus have been turbulent since the initial species descriptions and no molecular phylogenies exist that include complete or near-complete taxon sampling. Here, we combine a multi-locus molecular phylogeny with extensive morphological information to investigate the current diversity of Sphaerodactylus geckos from the Puerto Rican Bank, with a large number of species from Hispaniola as an outgroup. In particular, we focus our efforts on resolving the taxonomy of the Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Günther species complex. We find S. macrolepis sensu lato (currently two nominal species with nine subspecies) is made up of at least four diagnosable species within two clades: (1) the sister species Sphaerodactylus macrolepis sensu stricto from the Virgin Islands (including St. Croix) and Culebra, and S. parvus King from islands in the northern Lesser Antilles; and (2) all other Sphaerodactylus macrolepis subspecies from Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra. We resurrect Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis Stejneger from synonymy to refer to all subspecies from Puerto Rico and elevate the subspecies Sphaerodactylus inigoi Thomas & Schwartz for geckos from Vieques and western Culebra. The resulting phylogeny and revised taxonomy will be a useful tool for subsequent research into Sphaerodactylus conservation and evolution.
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Pantojas-Garcia, Emilio. „The U.S. Caribbean Basin Initiative and the Puerto Rican Experience“. Latin American Perspectives 12, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1985): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x8501200405.
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Ocasio Vega, Mónica B. „Recipe for Rice and Beans“. Gastronomica 22, Nr. 2 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2022.22.2.15.
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Rice and beans is considered a staple dish of the Caribbean. This article traces the principles of sabor—a multisensorial image—in the dish of rice and beans in Puerto Rico. I argue that Ana Lydia Vega’s story “Historia de Arroz con Habichuelas” and the recipes for “Arroz Blanco” (White Rice) and “Habichuelas Rosadas Secas” (Dried Pink Beans) in Carmen Aboy Valldejuli’s vernacular cookbook Cocina Criolla set forward a multisensorial image I call sabor and invite us to participate in a sensorial life in the Caribbean. In considering the privileged place of the dish in the Puerto Rican culinary imaginary, I propose an analysis of the writing of and about food made possible through savoring—as an exercise that brings us closer to the particularity of the culinary.
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KITLV, Redactie. „Book Reviews“. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.2006): 105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002492.
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Maximilian C. Forte; Ruins of Absence, Presence of Caribs: (Post)Colonial Representations of Aboriginality in Trinidad and Tobago (Neil L. Whitehead)Nick Nesbitt; Voicing Memory: History and Subjectivity in French Caribbean Literature (H. Adlai Murdoch)Camilla Stevens; Family and Identity in Contemporary Cuban and Puerto Rican Drama (Lydia Platón)Jonathan Goldberg; Tempest in the Caribbean (Jerry Brotton)Michael Chanan; Cuban Cinema (Tamara L. Falicov)Gemma Tang Nain, Barbara Bailey (eds.); Gender Equality in the Caribbean: Reality or Illusion (A. Lynn Bolles)Ernesto Sagás, Sintia E. Molina (eds.); Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (Rosemary Polanco)Christine M. Du Bois; Images of West Indian Immigrants in Mass Media: The Struggle for a Positive Ethnic Reputation (Dwaine Plaza)Luis Raúl Cámara Fuertes; The Phenomenon of Puerto Rican Voting (Annabelle Conroy)Philip Gould; Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (William A. Pettigrew)Laurent Dubois; Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Yvonne Fabella)Sibylle Fischer; Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ashli White)Philip D. Morgan, Sean Hawkins (eds.); Black Experience and the British Empire (James Walvin)Richard Smith; Jamaican Volunteers in the First World War: Race, Masculinity and the Development of National Consciousness (Linden Lewis)Muriel McAvoy; Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba (Richard Sicotte)Ned Sublette; Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo (Pedro Pérez Sarduy)Frances Negrón-Muntaner; Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (Halbert Barton)Gordon Rohlehr; A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (Stephen Stuempfle)Shannon Dudley; Carnival Music in Trinidad: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture (Donald R. Hill)Jean-Marc Terrine; La ronde des derniers maîtres de bèlè (Julian Gerstin)Alexander Alland, Jr.; Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms (Autumn Barrett)Livio Sansone; Blackness Without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil (Autumn Barrett)H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen, W. van Wetering; In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society (George L. Huttar, Mary L. Huttar)In: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (NWIG), 80 (2006), no. 1 & 2
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KITLV, Redactie. „Book Reviews“. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.2008): 105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002492.
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Maximilian C. Forte; Ruins of Absence, Presence of Caribs: (Post)Colonial Representations of Aboriginality in Trinidad and Tobago (Neil L. Whitehead)Nick Nesbitt; Voicing Memory: History and Subjectivity in French Caribbean Literature (H. Adlai Murdoch)Camilla Stevens; Family and Identity in Contemporary Cuban and Puerto Rican Drama (Lydia Platón)Jonathan Goldberg; Tempest in the Caribbean (Jerry Brotton)Michael Chanan; Cuban Cinema (Tamara L. Falicov)Gemma Tang Nain, Barbara Bailey (eds.); Gender Equality in the Caribbean: Reality or Illusion (A. Lynn Bolles)Ernesto Sagás, Sintia E. Molina (eds.); Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (Rosemary Polanco)Christine M. Du Bois; Images of West Indian Immigrants in Mass Media: The Struggle for a Positive Ethnic Reputation (Dwaine Plaza)Luis Raúl Cámara Fuertes; The Phenomenon of Puerto Rican Voting (Annabelle Conroy)Philip Gould; Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (William A. Pettigrew)Laurent Dubois; Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Yvonne Fabella)Sibylle Fischer; Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ashli White)Philip D. Morgan, Sean Hawkins (eds.); Black Experience and the British Empire (James Walvin)Richard Smith; Jamaican Volunteers in the First World War: Race, Masculinity and the Development of National Consciousness (Linden Lewis)Muriel McAvoy; Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba (Richard Sicotte)Ned Sublette; Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo (Pedro Pérez Sarduy)Frances Negrón-Muntaner; Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (Halbert Barton)Gordon Rohlehr; A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (Stephen Stuempfle)Shannon Dudley; Carnival Music in Trinidad: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture (Donald R. Hill)Jean-Marc Terrine; La ronde des derniers maîtres de bèlè (Julian Gerstin)Alexander Alland, Jr.; Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms (Autumn Barrett)Livio Sansone; Blackness Without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil (Autumn Barrett)H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen, W. van Wetering; In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society (George L. Huttar, Mary L. Huttar)In: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (NWIG), 80 (2006), no. 1 & 2
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Quiñones-Arocho, María Isabel. „Caribbean women: changes in the works“. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 66, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.1992): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002007.
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[First paragraph]The women of Azua: work and family in the rural Dominican Republic, by BARBARA FINLAY. New York: Praeger, 1989. xi + 190 pp. (Cloth US$ 35.00)The psychosocial development of Puerto Rican women, edited by CYNTHIA T. GARCIA COLL & MARIA DE LOURDES MATTEI. New York: Praeger, 1989. xiii + 272 pp. (Cloth US$ 45.00)Women and the sexual division oflabour in the Caribbean, edited by KEITH HART. Mona, Jamaica: Consortium Graduate School of Social Sciences, UWI, 1989. 141 pp. (Paper n.p.)The three books under review work have a common theme: the impact of changing gender expectations on Caribbean women. The authors are mainly concerned with recent political and economie changes that might have contributed to either the improvement or deterioration of women's status in these societies. The questions raised by the contributors are strikingly similar: What has been the impact of dependent economie development on women's lives and has this resulted in increased labor participation (a problem explored for rural Dominican women as well as for Jamaican and Barbadian women) or in the migration to metropolitan centers, with its psychosocial consequences (an issue raised for Puerto Rican women living in the United States)? If patriarchal values (often referred to as traditional values) prevail in these societies, then what impact might wage work, migration, or improved education have on those values? Could it be the disintegration of the nuclear family with an increased proportion of female-headed households (Hart), higher rates of mental illness as a result of dysfunctional aceulturation (Garcia Coll and Mattei), or even an improvement of women's status within their families and communities (Finlay)?
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Kolchanova, Sofiia, Sergei Kliver, Aleksei Komissarov, Pavel Dobrinin, Gaik Tamazian, Kirill Grigorev, Walter Wolfsberger et al. „Genomes of Three Closely Related Caribbean Amazons Provide Insight for Species History and Conservation“. Genes 10, Nr. 1 (16.01.2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10010054.
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Islands have been used as model systems for studies of speciation and extinction since Darwin published his observations about finches found on the Galapagos. Amazon parrots inhabiting the Greater Antillean Islands represent a fascinating model of species diversification. Unfortunately, many of these birds are threatened as a result of human activity and some, like the Puerto Rican parrot, are now critically endangered. In this study we used a combination of de novo and reference-assisted assembly methods, integrating it with information obtained from related genomes to perform genome reconstruction of three amazon species. First, we used whole genome sequencing data to generate a new de novo genome assembly for the Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata). We then improved the obtained assembly using transcriptome data from Amazona ventralis and used the resulting sequences as a reference to assemble the genomes Hispaniolan (A. ventralis) and Cuban (Amazona leucocephala) parrots. Finally, we, annotated genes and repetitive elements, estimated genome sizes and current levels of heterozygosity, built models of demographic history and provided interpretation of our findings in the context of parrot evolution in the Caribbean.
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Engeman, Richard, Desley Whisson, Jessica Quinn, Felipe Cano, Pedro Quiñones und Thomas H. White Jr. „Monitoring invasive mammalian predator populations sharing habitat with the Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrot Amazona vittata“. Oryx 40, Nr. 1 (07.12.2005): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305001286.
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Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrots Amazona vittata are one of the rarest birds in the world. Several exotic mammal species capable of preying on Puerto Rican parrots cohabit the Caribbean National Forest with the only wild population of these parrots. We used tracking plates, monitoring blocks and trapping to index black rats, small Indian mongooses and feral cats in parrot habitat and in public-use areas in the same habitat type. We had high trap success for black rats at all sites (42% of all sites combined), among the highest reported in the world. Rat response to monitoring (nontoxic bait) blocks was universally high, regardless of ground or tree placement. Mongooses were present at all sites, with a greater proportion of plates tracked within the forest than at public-use sites. Cats were present at all forest sites and one of the public-use sites. Presence of the three species did not appear to be linked to human disturbance. Because only 30–40 Puerto Rican parrots survive in the wild, with as few as three pairs nesting in 2002, we concluded that the abundance and pervasiveness of exotic mammalian predators poses a greater threat to the parrots than has been generally acknowledged. This is evidenced by mammalian predation during recent parrot breeding seasons, including six fledglings taken by mongooses and one nest failure from rats during 2000–2003.
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Garcia, Catherine, Mary McEniry und Michael Crowe. „THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1254.
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Abstract The neighborhood contexts in which older adults live are increasingly being recognized for their role in influencing disease processes and risk of death among the U.S. population. However, few studies have focused on neighborhood impacts among older populations residing in Puerto Rico– a U.S. territory –who are especially vulnerable to the effects of the environment as they “age in place” in the context of a budget crisis, the great recession, the debt crisis, and Hurricanes Irma and María. The combination of these events can obstruct access to neighborhood resources, services, and contexts considered necessary for promoting healthy aging. Thus, it is warranted to understand the effects of place on mortality in Puerto Rico, whose social and economic contexts differ from the U.S. and are more similar to that of other Latin American and Hispanic-Caribbean countries. We used 2000 U.S. Census data at the block-group level linked to the 2002 Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project with mortality follow-up to 2021 to examine neighborhood characteristics that are conceptualized as influencing mortality (e.g., residents without a high school degree; households receiving public assistance income; residents living below the poverty level; unemployed residents; residential stability; age structure). Multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution were estimated. Overall, results show that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with an increased risk of mortality among older Puerto Ricans. This suggests that older Puerto Ricans clustered in disadvantaged communities are more likely to experience a cumulative burden of social disadvantages that adversely impacts their longevity.
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Garcia, Catherine, Mary McEniry und Michael Crowe. „THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1936.
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Abstract The neighborhood contexts in which older adults live are increasingly being recognized for their role in influencing disease processes and risk of death among the U.S. population. However, few studies have focused on neighborhood impacts among older populations residing in Puerto Rico– a U.S. territory –who are especially vulnerable to the effects of the environment as they “age in place” in the context of a budget crisis, the great recession, the debt crisis, and Hurricanes Irma and María. The combination of these events can obstruct access to neighborhood resources, services, and contexts considered necessary for promoting healthy aging. Thus, it is warranted to understand the effects of place on mortality in Puerto Rico, whose social and economic contexts differ from the U.S. and are more similar to that of other Latin American and Hispanic-Caribbean countries. We used 2000 U.S. Census data at the block-group level linked to the 2002 Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project with mortality follow-up to 2021 to examine neighborhood characteristics that are conceptualized as influencing mortality (e.g., residents without a high school degree; households receiving public assistance income; residents living below the poverty level; unemployed residents; residential stability; age structure). Multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution were estimated. Overall, results show that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with an increased risk of mortality among older Puerto Ricans. This suggests that older Puerto Ricans clustered in disadvantaged communities are more likely to experience a cumulative burden of social disadvantages that adversely impacts their longevity.
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Hernández-Banuchi, Alberto. „Gonzalo Núñez, Rubén Darío y el manuscrito Los arcanos de la música“. (an)ecdótica 5, Nr. 1 (29.01.2021): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.anec.2021.5.1.19783.
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We examine the history and circumstance in the life of Puerto Rican composer Gonzalo Núñez (1850-1915) during the period from 1900 to 1903. During his second sojourn in Paris he maintained a close personal relationship with Rubén Darío and Amado Nervo, joined by other poets, writers and artists. An extensive on-site research work, conducted in various European, North American and Caribbean libraries and archives, permitted us to gather documentation about the nomadic life of the musician in Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Europe and North America. We show that Núñez’s unpublished manuscript Los arcanos de la música, housed in the Archive of Music and Sound of Puerto Rico, is the main source of two important articles by Rubén Darío.
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Visconte, Piero, und Sandro Sessarego. „Some Remarks on the Origin of Afro-Puerto Rican Spanish“. Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 11, Nr. 2 (17.10.2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.11.2.6586.
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A number of proposals have tried to account for the genesis and development of a set of Afro-Hispanic language varieties, the vernaculars that formed in Latin America from the contact between African languages and Spanish in colonial times (Sessarego 2021). This article presents a sociohistorical and linguistic analysis of Loza Spanish (LS), an Afro-Puerto Rican vernacular spoken in Loíza, Puerto Rico by the descendants of the Africans brought to this Caribbean island in colonial times to work as slaves on sugarcane plantations. This article assesses the evolution of this variety and its implications for creole studies. In so doing, it contributes to the long-lasting debate on the reasons behind the paucity of Spanish-based creoles in the Americas (Granda 1968 et seq.).
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Ellis Neyra, Ren. „White Mythologies“. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 26, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-9901752.
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This response essay engages the three book discussion essays by Ronald Mendoza–de Jesús, Petra R. Rivera-Rideau, and Rocío Zambrana on The Cry of the Senses: Listening to Latinx and Caribbean Poetics (2020). Following questions of anti-Blackness in Spanish Caribbean (especially Puerto Rican) aesthetics, culture, and history that are distinctly presented and theorized in each of the scholarly interlocutor’s book-forum essays, this essay thinks about reading itself and other perceptual modes, such as listening, qua Whiteness, “the ontic,” and “slow violence.” In its (re)considerations of the senses, it additionally critiques several foci of contemporary aesthetic and cultural theory and production, such as the current fashion of hyperbolizing aesthesis and poiesis as salvific and unquestionably relational in lieu of reckoning with ethical questions of reading, the perilous return of vitalism, and the discourse of White cultural nationalism afoot in representations of Puerto Rico today.
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Gonzalez-Cordero, Ariel. „4527 Assessing Quality of Life, Depression, and Symptomatology in Puerto Rican Hispanic Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (Juni 2020): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.246.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Heart failure is a public health problem. Currently, heart failure affects 2-5 % of adults within the age of 65-75 years. (Mosterd & Hoes, 2007)Moreover, rates of hospitalization and rehospitalization among patients with heart failure are high and are associated with poor quality of life(Dunlay et al., 2011)Unsurprisingly, studies have found that poor quality of life is linked to decreased physical activity and increased symptomatology, a perception that can quickly change depending on the patient’s mood. Factors such as age, cultural background, socioeconomical status, ethnicity, and gender are highly correlated with quality of life but have not been studied thoroughly. Quality of life assessment in Puerto Rican Hispanics living with heart failure is non-existent. Objective:•To determine gender-specific differences in quality of life for patients hospitalized due to heart failure in Puerto Rico.•To correlate heart failure symptoms, presence of depression and level of perceived quality of life in Puerto Rican patients hospitalized due to heart failure METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will recruit patients admitted with heart failure (n = 300) to the Cardiovascular Hospital of Puerto Rico and The Caribbean between 2019-2021. In the first aim, we will implement the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire to assess the quality of life of Puerto Rican Hispanics diagnosed that life with heart failure and the short form-36 (SF-36) for a generic quality of life assessment. For the second aim, we will provide two instruments: The Geriatrics DepressionScale QuestionnaireShort Form (GDS-SF)and the Memorial Symptom Assessment ScaleShort Form (MSAS-SF) to assess the presence and severity of depression and multiple general symptoms RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We expect that women living with heart failure will have worse quality of life and higher NYHA scale and NT-pro-BNP. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This contribution is significant because it can clarify the specific risk factors in the Puerto Rican community that are associated with lower quality of life among patients suffering from heart failure. This, in term, can allow physicians to identify which population of HF patients is at risk,and have strategies to improve quality of life
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Barragán, Maite. „The Wake’s Challenge to the Exposición de Puerto Rico“. Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 5, Nr. 1 (01.01.2023): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.1.65.
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This essay analyzes how the presence of Francisco Oller’s monumental painting, The Wake, challenged the narrative of progress set forth in the Exposición de Puerto Rico de 1893 (Fair of Puerto Rico). The fair celebrated four hundred years of Spanish rule over Puerto Rico and emphasized the cultural and economic advancements achieved throughout that time. As a contrast to the many displays of the island’s bounty, The Wake offered a vision of jíbaros (Puerto Rican peasants) celebrating a baquiné, an Afro-Caribbean tradition honoring a deceased child. The painting brought attention to the poverty and marginalization of the peasantry as well as their persistent practice of nonnormative rituals. Oller, like many of the other social-reform-minded intellectuals of Puerto Rico, focused on the jíbaro class in order to critique their lifestyles but also to propel social transformation that could improve peasants’ quality of life. My study intervenes in the scholarly literature of Oller and the politics of the fair to show how The Wake visually asserted the prejudices and deterministic preconceptions about these peasants that characterized the views of late-nineteenth century sociologists. More importantly, however, careful observation of the painting reveals subtle inaccuracies such as the scarcity of food and drink in the scene, errors that conflict with the conclusions intellectuals of the time were drawing about the peasantry. These ambiguous compositional choices disclose an unbridgeable gap between the critique The Wake offered and the fair’s objectives, but they are also central to the painting’s relevance in Puerto Rican culture today.
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Luciano-Rosario, Dianiris, Luis A. Cruz-Saavedra und Dimuth Siritunga. „Genetic Diversity of Puerto Rican Farmer-held Papaya (Carica papaya) Using SSR Markers“. HortScience 53, Nr. 8 (August 2018): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12943-18.
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Native to Central America, papaya (Carica papaya) is one of the most cultivated fruit crops in the tropical areas of the world. Genetic diversity analyses are an important aspect of conservation of plant genetic resources. In the island of Puerto Rico, where papaya has been consumed for centuries, knowledge on the genetic diversity of papaya is lacking. Therefore, 162 papaya accessions were evaluated using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Of these accessions, 139 were farmer-held samples from Puerto Rico, 13 were U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) repository samples, and 10 were commercial varieties. A total of 214 alleles were identified with a mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.219. Inbreeding coefficient (F) was 0.565, and when evaluating the population structure of these accessions, 2 groups (k = 2) were identified. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram showed no geographical organization within the unknown Puerto Rican samples. This assessment provides an extensive record of the genetic diversity of papaya in Puerto Rico which can contribute to breeding strategies and to the conservation of papaya genetic resources in the Caribbean.
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MACPHERSON, ANNE S. „Citizens v. Clients: Working Women and Colonial Reform in Puerto Rico and Belize, 1932–45“. Journal of Latin American Studies 35, Nr. 2 (Mai 2003): 279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0300676x.
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Marked differences in mid-twentieth-century reformers' approaches to politically active working women in Belize and Puerto Rico help to explain the emergence of colonial hegemony in the latter, and the rise of mass nationalism in the former. Reformers in both colonies were concerned with working women, but whereas British and Belizean reformers treated them as sexually and politically disordered, and aimed to transform them from militant wage-earners to clients of state social services, US and Puerto Rican reformers treated them as voting citizens with legitimate roles in the economy and labour movement. Although racialised moralism was not absent in Puerto Rico, the populism of colonial reform there helped cement a renegotiated colonial compact, while the non-populist character of reform in Belize – and the wider British Caribbean – alienated working women from the colonial state.
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Rodríguez, Eduardo Lemuel Tosado, Anelisse Dominicci-Maura, Loyda Mendez, Stephanie Dorta, Josefina Romaguera und Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. „Abstract 712: Cytokine and TGF-β levels are associated with changes in cervicovaginal microbiota in a cohort of Caribbean women“. Cancer Research 82, Nr. 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-712.
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Abstract Recent studies suggest that the cervical microbiome can strongly influence inflammation and pre-cancerous lesion progression. However, research focused on understanding the role of microbial communities in the progression of pre-cancerous lesions to cancer in Latino women is scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the cervicovaginal microbiome and inflammation while considering cervical neoplasia and HPV infection in Puerto Rican women. We collected cervical swabs and lavages from 142 participants coming to colposcopy clinics in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Genomic DNA was extracted from swabs, and 16S rDNA V4 region genes were amplified and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Inflammatory (IL-1β, TNFa, IFNg, IL-6), anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1), and trafficking (IL-8, MIP1a, MCP1, IP10) cytokines were measured from cervical lavages, using Luminex MAGPIX technology. Cytokines were related to microbes via an inflammation scoring index based on the quartile and tercile distribution of the cytokine’s concentration. IL-10 (p value= 0.0455) was significantly different when evaluating HPV risk, while IL1-β (p value= 0.0005) and INF-γ (p value= 0.0258) were significant when evaluating cervical disease. We found significant differences in diversity and composition of the microbiota among HPV risk, cervical disease, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and trafficking cytokine abundances. The increasing concentration of IL1-β, IL-10, and INF-γ, associated with a decrease in Lactobacillus communities. While contrarily, bacteria associated with dysbiosis such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, Atopobium increased. This study also revealed that the most dominant community state types (CST) among Puerto Rican women regardless of lesion or HPV status, are CST3 and 4 featuring high diversity and anaerobic bacteria typical of vaginosis in Caucasians. These CSTs are especially abundant with ~ 90% dominance in participants with high grade disease (HGSIL) and high-risk HPV. Our study evidence that the cervical microbiota of Puerto Ricans is characteristically diverse and that the joint host-microbe interaction analyses via cytokine signaling and microbiota in pre-cancerous lesions has great translational potential. Citation Format: Eduardo Lemuel Tosado Rodríguez, Anelisse Dominicci-Maura, Loyda Mendez, Stephanie Dorta, Josefina Romaguera, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. Cytokine and TGF-β levels are associated with changes in cervicovaginal microbiota in a cohort of Caribbean women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 712.
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Santiago-Vendrell, Angel D. „Popular Catholicism Puerto Rican Style: The Virgin of Rincón, Human Agency, and Miracles“. Religions 15, Nr. 4 (08.04.2024): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15040463.
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In the past, popular Catholicism in Latin America and the Caribbean was perceived with suspicion by liberation theologians and official Roman Catholicism for its eccentricities, lack of doctrinal coherence, and fears of syncretism with folk religions. Nowadays, popular Catholicism in Latin America and the Caribbean has been a source of theological reflection, ecumenism, and religious revitalization. The apparition of the Holy Mother in 1953 at barrio Rincón in Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico, is a case study in global Catholicism that exemplifies this turn to see popular Catholicism as a source of liberation, perseverance, and deep spiritual devotion by the faithful. Using cultural, social, and reception historiography, the article argues that the Puerto Rican faithful were not passive recipients of the literary narratives of journalists covering the events as narrated by the main protagonists, the children/seers, but rather themselves formulators of history through their reception and participation. This is demonstrated by the allegiances of the faithful to popular Catholicism and their rejection of the official mandates of the clergy to ignore the events taking place at barrio Rincón regarding the apparition of the Virgin.
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Kolchanova, Sofiia, Alexey Komissarov, Sergei Kliver, Anyi Mazo-Vargas, Yashira Afanador, Jafet Velez-Valentín, Ricardo Valentín de la Rosa et al. „Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Amazon Parrots in the Greater Antilles“. Genes 12, Nr. 4 (20.04.2021): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040608.
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Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.) colonized the islands of the Greater Antilles from the Central American mainland, but there has not been a consensus as to how and when this happened. Today, most of the five remaining island species are listed as endangered, threatened, or vulnerable as a consequence of human activity. We sequenced and annotated full mitochondrial genomes of all the extant Amazon parrot species from the Greater Antillean (A. leucocephala (Cuba), A. agilis, A. collaria (both from Jamaica), A. ventralis (Hispaniola), and A. vittata (Puerto Rico)), A. albifrons from mainland Central America, and A. rhodocorytha from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The assembled and annotated mitogenome maps provide information on sequence organization, variation, population diversity, and evolutionary history for the Caribbean species including the critically endangered A. vittata. Despite the larger number of available samples from the Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, the sequence diversity of the A. vittata population in Puerto Rico was the lowest among all parrot species analyzed. Our data support the stepping-stone dispersal and speciation hypothesis that has started approximately 3.47 MYA when the ancestral population arrived from mainland Central America and led to diversification across the Greater Antilles, ultimately reaching the island of Puerto Rico 0.67 MYA. The results are presented and discussed in light of the geological history of the Caribbean and in the context of recent parrot evolution, island biogeography, and conservation. This analysis contributes to understating evolutionary history and empowers subsequent assessments of sequence variation and helps design future conservation efforts in the Caribbean.
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Briggs, Laura. „Debates in the Field“. Meridians 19, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8117724.
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Abstract Debt and imperialism have long been crucial questions for transnational feminism. This article attends particularly to recent and historical traditions of resistance in Puerto Rico and the wider Caribbean. It argues that part of the intellectual and political struggle has been to identify debt as an extractive enterprise and seize hold of a notion of freedom that is robust enough to resist what Jodi Kim and Michael Hudson have called “debt imperialism.” Paying attention to the recent Puerto Rican revolt against the governor, the fiscal control board, the management of hurricane relief, femicide, and policing, this article attends to deep histories of slavery, revolt, and marronage as resources for a feminist rejection of the liberal notions of freedom that make indebtedness possible.
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Cox, Hannah, Deborah Hartzfeld, Shawn Gessy, Christina Zaleski und Jerry Machado. „Abstract PO1-08-08: Hereditary cancer genetic testing in Puerto Rican females“. Cancer Research 84, Nr. 9_Supplement (02.05.2024): PO1–08–08—PO1–08–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po1-08-08.
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Abstract Background: Puerto Rico is a Caribbean Island and unincorporated United States territory with a population of approximately 3.2 million. The incidence of breast cancer in Puerto Rico is estimated at 57.5 per 100,000 females with a mortality rate of 13.0 per 100,000 females. A recent study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome across countries in the Caribbean reported a combined positive detection rate of 14.2% using a similar multi-gene panel to the one described here. Positive rates ranged from 5.5% to 28.3% per country, but sample sizes were limited, ranged from 61 to 298 participants per country, and did not include Puerto Rico. To provide insight into the incidence of inherited tumor predisposition syndromes in less studied populations, we analyzed the demographics and germline genetic findings for a cohort of Puerto Rican females largely ascertained based on a personal and/or family history of breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective study includes 949 consecutive female individuals who underwent genetic testing at a single clinical laboratory (PreventionGenetics LLC) using a multi-gene panel test of 29 genes associated with hereditary cancer. Clinical information was obtained from health care provider-completed test requisition forms. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with copy number variant (CNV) detection was performed on patient-derived DNA using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and Sanger sequencing as necessary. Results: The median age at testing was 55.5 years and ranged from 19.1 to 90.0 years of age. Of the total cohort, 713 (75.1%) individuals had a personal history of breast cancer with or without additional cancer types; 43 (4.5%) individuals had non-cancerous breast findings, and 49 (5.2%) individuals had a personal history of other types of cancer(s). The remaining 144 (15.2%) individuals did not specify a personal history, but the vast majority did indicate a family history of cancer (n=133; 93.8%). Comparably, 572 (60.3%) of the individuals with a personal history of cancer or of non-cancerous breast findings reported a family history of cancer. The median age at onset for breast cancer was 53 years (n=472; range=24-89 years). A total of 90 (9.5%) individuals had a pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) and 3 (0.3%) of individuals harbored the APC I1307K risk variant. Of the 90 individuals with positive findings, 31.1% had a P/LP variant in BRCA2, 28.0% in MUTYH, 11.8% in CHEK2, 7.5% in BRCA1, in 6.5% BRIP1, and 11.8% in ATM, CDKN2A, MSH6, NBN, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, and RET. The most frequently reported pathogenic variants were MUTYH p.Gly396Asp (n=20), BRCA2 p.Glu1308* (n=16), and BRCA2 p.Asn1933Lysfs*29 (n=6). A recurrent pathogenic deletion of the upstream and exon 2 region of BRCA1 was also identified in three individuals. The indeterminate and negative rates were 36.5% (n=346) and 53.7% (n=510), respectively. Conclusion: Although the present study was limited to biological females and included individuals with broader personal and family cancer histories, the positive rate is within range of those reported for other countries in the Caribbean. Interestingly, P/LP variants have been reported to be enriched in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 across other Caribbean countries; however, this was not mirrored in the pattern of positive findings for this cohort of Puerto Rican females and may suggest a distinct background for hereditary cancer predisposition in this population. Further studies are needed to understand the landscape of germline variants in this population to ensure proper surveillance and risk mitigation is applied. Citation Format: Hannah Cox, Deborah Hartzfeld, Shawn Gessy, Christina Zaleski, Jerry Machado. Hereditary cancer genetic testing in Puerto Rican females [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-08-08.
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Fouhy, Liam, Kelsey Mangano, Xiyuan Zhang, Brittany Adelman, Katherine Tucker und Sabrina Noel. „Dietary Calcium and Magnesium Are Associated With Lower Odds of Osteoporosis Among Puerto Rican Older Adults When Dietary Calcium to Magnesium Ratio Is Considered“. Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (Juni 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab033_015.
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Abstract Objectives Dietary calcium and magnesium have been shown to be beneficial for bone health primarily in non-Hispanic white populations. There are no studies of calcium and magnesium intake among Hispanics of Caribbean origin. A calcium to magnesium ratio (Ca: Mg) may be important due to their competitive nature during absorption. This study examined associations between dietary calcium and magnesium and osteoporosis, accounting for calcium to magnesium ratio among Puerto Rican adults Methods Data from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study were used. Puerto Ricans aged 47–79 y with complete data on bone and diet were included (n = 955). Bone measures were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A food frequency questionnaire adapted for this population was used. Dietary calcium and magnesium were energy adjusted using the residual method. Tertiles of Ca : Mg were calculate. Multivariable logistic regressions modeled associations between calcium, magnesium and tertiles of Ca : Mg. Model 1 included Ca : Mg tertiles and dietary magnesium; Model 2 Ca : Mg tertiles and dietary calcium; Model 3 Ca : Mg tertiles and dietary calcium and magnesium. All models were adjusted for age, estrogenic status (male, non-menopausal or taking estrogen, postmenopausal not taking estrogen), height, BMI, calcium (0, 0–300 mg, ≥300 mg) and magnesium (0, 0–100 mg) supplement use, serum vitamin D, alcohol use, smoking status, and bone medication use. Results Mean age was 59.9 y ± 7.6 and 71.3% were female. In model 1, the highest tertile of Ca : Mg was associated with higher likelihood (OR: 1.3; 95%CI: 0.77, 2.4) and the middle tertile with lower likelihood (OR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.26,0.99) of osteoporosis compared with the lowest Ca: Mg tertile. Dietary magnesium was also associated with lower odds of osteoporosis (OR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.98, 0.99). In model 2, dietary calcium (OR: 0.99, 95%CI: 0.99, 1.0) was associated with lower of odds osteoporosis, but Ca: Mg was not. In model 3, dietary calcium and magnesium and tertiles of Ca : Mg were not associated with osteoporosis. Conclusions Dietary calcium and magnesium are important nutrients for bone health in Puerto Rican older adults. The Ca : Mg ratio appears optimal within a range of 2.6–3.1 suggesting that a balance of these two nutrients is most important. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, R01 AG027087 K01 AR067894
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Blundell, A. G., F. N. Scatena, R. Wentsel und W. Sommers. „Ecorisk Assessment Using Indicators of Sustainability: Invasive Species in the Caribbean National Forest of Puerto Rico“. Journal of Forestry 101, Nr. 1 (01.01.2003): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/101.1.14.
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Abstract Ecological risk assessment using indicators of sustainability offers a framework for the objective analysis of management decisions in complex landscapes. To demonstrate this approach, we examined risks to the Caribbean National Forest. Among the many stressors, invasive species (especially bamboo and Africanized bees) pose the largest potential risk to management goals. Although bamboo is spreading slowly, the risk of colonization is sufficient to require monitoring and research. Africanized bees, on the other hand, should be removed immediately from sensitive areas to increase the nesting success of the endemic but endangered Puerto Rican parrot.
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Nieves-Colón, Maria A., William J. Pestle, Austin W. Reynolds, Bastien Llamas, Constanza de la Fuente, Kathleen Fowler, Katherine M. Skerry, Edwin Crespo-Torres, Carlos D. Bustamante und Anne C. Stone. „Ancient DNA Reconstructs the Genetic Legacies of Precontact Puerto Rico Communities“. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, Nr. 3 (09.11.2019): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz267.
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Abstract Indigenous peoples have occupied the island of Puerto Rico since at least 3000 BC. Due to the demographic shifts that occurred after European contact, the origin(s) of these ancient populations, and their genetic relationship to present-day islanders, are unclear. We use ancient DNA to characterize the population history and genetic legacies of precontact Indigenous communities from Puerto Rico. Bone, tooth, and dental calculus samples were collected from 124 individuals from three precontact archaeological sites: Tibes, Punta Candelero, and Paso del Indio. Despite poor DNA preservation, we used target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing to obtain complete mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) from 45 individuals and autosomal genotypes from two individuals. We found a high proportion of Native American mtDNA haplogroups A2 and C1 in the precontact Puerto Rico sample (40% and 44%, respectively). This distribution, as well as the haplotypes represented, supports a primarily Amazonian South American origin for these populations and mirrors the Native American mtDNA diversity patterns found in present-day islanders. Three mtDNA haplotypes from precontact Puerto Rico persist among Puerto Ricans and other Caribbean islanders, indicating that present-day populations are reservoirs of precontact mtDNA diversity. Lastly, we find similarity in autosomal ancestry patterns between precontact individuals from Puerto Rico and the Bahamas, suggesting a shared component of Indigenous Caribbean ancestry with close affinity to South American populations. Our findings contribute to a more complete reconstruction of precontact Caribbean population history and explore the role of Indigenous peoples in shaping the biocultural diversity of present-day Puerto Ricans and other Caribbean islanders.
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Guerrero, Paulina. „A Story told through Plena: Claiming Identity and Cultural Autonomy in the Street Festivals of San Juan, Puerto Rico“. Island Studies Journal 8, Nr. 1 (2013): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.282.
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Las Fiestas de la Calle de San Sebastián is a four day-long festival in San Juan, Puerto Rico. While the festival comprises music and dance that is a combination of various Caribbean and Latin American aesthetics, there is a small group of local musicians who insist on staying away from the larger throngs to specifically play a Puerto Rican music medium known as plena. By defining a distinct physical space that is separate from the rest of the festival, but also a part of the festival, they sing throughout the night speaking to contemporary issues of American imperialism, class warfare, and corrupt politicians. During the festival the complex power dynamics of Puerto Rico as a United States territory, lacking both independence as a sovereign nation and the same rights as a state, are manifested in festival performance. This performance tries to negotiate how the island remains autonomous while being attached to a more powerful mainland economy.