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1
Tinder, Glenn. „The Core of Freedom: Public or Private?“ Review of Politics 62, Nr. 1 (2000): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500030217.
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As a protest, the argument of Professors Glenn and Stack is valid and important. That the realm of public debate is largely closed to those who stand explicitly on Judaic and Christian principles is an intellectual scandal. This closure, of course, is the doing not of the courts (even though it accords with attitudes quite evident in the courts) but of academicians, journalists, and various political activists who are quick to rule any appeal to religious premises, as well as any moral judgments thought to derive therefrom, such as the evil of abortion, out of order. Their ostensible justification is that public discourse must be based on premises common to all participants. Such a justification may be superficially plausible, but it is worse than dubious. It enables opponents of religion to narrow their minds without compunction and to constrict the public realm. In effect, contemporary secularists say to would-be religious interlocutors, “Yours are arguments we refuse even to face or consider.”
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Taylor, Andrea, und Elsa Bernardi. „The Phenomenon of Collocation: a Local Solution to an Australian Problem“. Australasian Psychiatry 10, Nr. 4 (August 2002): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2002.00497.x.
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Objective: To describe the phenomenon of collocation in a metropolitan mental health service. Conclusions: Collocation is the locating of private and public mental health sectors in a joint working relationship. In the context of increasing numbers of clients referred to a public Community Mental Health Service, a restricted ability to refer clients to other practitioners, a limited number of medical officer hours available and a new purpose built premises with spare rooms, the Service investigated and implemented a model of collocation. This in effect locates private and public psychiatrists together, working from the same premises. Collocation has been a modest local initiative increasing cooperation between the public and private sector and partially increasing consumer choice and private psychiatrist availability
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Sieńczyło-Chlabicz, Joanna, und Zofia Zawadzka. „The Principle of Proportionality as a Method of Limiting the Privacy of Public Officials“. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 32, Nr. 1 (01.05.2013): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2013-0003.
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Abstract It is unquestionable that people performing public functions are entitled to much narrower range of privacy protection than the so-called private persons, because of voluntarily holding a public office, the right of citizens to public information as well as the necessity of preserving transparency and openness of public life. Thus, the principle of proportionality should refer to foremost needs connected with proper functioning of public institutions, and not only to the status of people performing public functions as citizens. How- ever, it is important to underscore that intrusion into privacy of the people of this category should be justified, every time, on grounds of a direct connection between their functioning in the sphere of private life and the function (office) performed for the state and the public good. The issue of reducing privacy of the people performing public functions requires presenting the premises of the principle of proportionality determining the restrictions in exercising the constitutional rights and liberties. The considerations in this paper will allow to analyse the solutions of the Constitutional Tribunal examining the compliance with the Constitution of statutory legal regulations which constitute an intrusion in the right to privacy of people performing public functions in view of their meeting the premises of suitability, necessity and proportionality in the strict sense in reference to the imposed limitations.
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Sloane-White, Patricia. „Company Rules: Sharia and its Transgressions in the Malay-Muslim Corporate Workplace“. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 37, Nr. 1 (April 2018): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341803700104.
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How have premises concerning sharia been worked into discursive Malaysian space that exists beyond the courts, the bureaucracy, the home, and public and private space to exert authority and control over corporate workaday identities and behaviours? Some 21st-century Muslim company directors and owners have ‘Islamised’ the workplace, implementing sharia transformations of ibadat and munakahat to normalise and enforce among Muslim corporate employees the rules of what I call ‘personnel sharia‘. Using two stories of workplace fitna (sexual harassment), I provide a lens to view the changing sharia environment in Malaysia over the course of nearly two decades and explore the lived reality of corporate interventions over Muslim personnel. The premise of this article is that as certain workplaces in Malaysia become increasingly regulated by Islamic laws, work has become a sharia realm that is neither fully public nor fully private but borrows moralities and enforcements from both; in other words, a third space for sharia that affects employees in multiple ways, bridging their private and public lives and acting upon them both personally and as personnel. Thus, sharia in the corporation extends the state's bureaucratic authority over Muslim compliance into corporate space and relies on a premise that corporations, like religious officials and institutions, can enforce pious practice and even adjudicate sharia outcomes.
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Holmes, John, Graham Capper und Gordon Hudson. „Public Private Partnerships in the provision of health care premises in the UK“. International Journal of Project Management 24, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2006): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.07.004.
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Notari, Marcio Bonini. „A corrupção no setor privado: análise dos atos corruptivos na cadeia de valor“. Revista do Curso de Direito do UNIFOR 10, Nr. 2 (29.10.2019): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24862/rcdu.v10i2.1075.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar a temática da corrupção no ambito na cadeia de valor, notadamente, envolvendo o setor privado. Desse modo, será abordada, num primeiro momento, a necessidade de resgaste da ética pública e privada, a partir de algumas premissas filosóficas. Num segundo momento, será feita uma abordagem acerca da Teoria da Modernização, Funcionalista e institucionalista. Ao final, será analisado de que modo à corrupção atinge o mundo dos negócios, que vão desde as operações internas de criação de valor, até a venda final e a distribuição ao consumidor, etapas da chamada cadeia de valor, envolvendo as pessoas que trabalham de forma direta e indireta, para empresas privadas, a partir do Relatório da Transparência Internacional (2009), sobre a corrupção na iniciativa privada. .
Palavras chaves: ética pública e privada, teoria da modernização, cadeia de valor, setor privado.
SUMMARY
The present work aims to address the issue of corruption in the field of value chain, notably, involving the private sector. In this way, the need to safeguard public and private ethics, based on certain philosophical premises, will be addressed initially. In a second moment, an approach will be made about the Theory of Modernization, Functionalist and Institutionalist. In the end, it will analyze how corruption reaches the world of business, ranging from internal operations of value creation, to the final sale and distribution to the consumer, stages of the so-called value chain, involving the people who work of work direct and indirect way, for private companies, from the International Transparency Report (2009), on corruption in private initiative. .
Key words: public and private ethics, theory of modernization, value chain, private sector.
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Peari, Sagi. „Improperly Collected Taxes: The Border Between Private and Public Law“. Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 125–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900004847.
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In recent years, Professor Birks’ doctrine of constitutional right to restitution has become a new normative rule with respect to the issue of restitution of improperly collected taxes. Nevertheless, the new doctrine has puzzled academic scholars. Profound questions regarding the conceptual “private law-public law” location of Professor Birks’ doctrine and the current status of traditional law doctrines have arisen.This study challenges Professor Birks’ doctrine and demonstrates that despite its universal adoption, the doctrine was based on weak premises. Furthermore, based on Professor Weinrib’s legal philosophy, this study develops an alternative framework to analyze the issue of improperly collected taxes. The study shows that the “private-public” puzzle and the doctrines traditional to improperly collected taxes may be coherently explained within this legal philosophy.
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SULMASY, DANIEL P. „Tolerance, Professional Judgment, and the Discretionary Space of the Physician“. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 26, Nr. 1 (09.12.2016): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180116000621.
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Abstract:Arguments against physicians’ claims of a right to refuse to provide tests or treatments to patients based on conscientious objection often depend on two premises that are rarely made explicit. The first is that the protection of religious liberty (broadly construed) should be limited to freedom of worship, assembly, and belief. The second is that because professions are licensed by the state, any citizen who practices a licensed profession is required to provide all the goods and services determined by the profession to fall within the scope of practice of that professional specialty and permitted by the state, regardless of any personal religious, philosophical, or moral objection. In this article, I argue that these premises ought to be rejected, and therefore the arguments that depend on them ought also to be rejected. The first premise is incompatible with Locke’s conception of tolerance, which recognizes that fundamental, self-identifying beliefs affect public as well as private acts and deserve a broad measure of tolerance. The second premise unduly (and unrealistically) narrows the discretionary space of professional practice to an extent that undermines the contributions professions ought to be permitted to make to the common good. Tolerance for conscientious objection in the public sphere of professional practice should not be unlimited, however, and the article proposes several commonsense, Lockean limits to tolerance for physician claims of conscientious objection.
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Lai, Kim Piew, und Siong Choy Chong. „Do the servicescape of public and private hospitals differ? The Malaysian context“. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 11, Nr. 3 (13.09.2019): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-04-2018-0043.
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Purpose This study aims to explore if public and private hospitals have differing servicescape attributes. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a two-stage (EFA and CFA) procedure for identifying the servicescape attributes and examining their validity in the context of public and private hospitals. Findings The findings indicate that, in different contexts, patients would expect different aesthetics of servicescape attributes and how they are influenced by the hospital premises. Research limitations/implications It is interesting to note that: not all of the attributes that appear in both contexts are exactly the same; patients do not seem to face difficulties in analysing and interpreting directional cues, even though the spatial orientation in private hospitals is relatively smaller; the way patients of public hospitals draw inference about the ambient conditions is not consistent with private hospitals; and patients perceive that private hospitals pay special attention to developing a built environment that facilitates treatment and recovery process via interior layout, as well as decoration and architecture attributes. Practical implications The study grounds the servicescape attributes and provides insights to effectively promote public and private hospitals. Originality/value This study may be amongst the first to offer servicescape evidence in both the public and private hospitals.
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Wei, Da Ke, Hong Jin und Hong Yuan Mei. „Study on Internal Layout of UK's Day Care Unit for Older People“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (Januar 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.7.
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This study focuses on the internal layout of premises of UKs day care unit for older people, including possible combinations of rooms and spaces, access and circulation. All day units require a minimum of a dining/activity space, a kitchen, (a) toilet (s) and storage space, these rooms and spaces are combined into the basic type of premises. Depending on the aims of the unit, the number of places provided, and users' needs, many of the disadvantages associated with basic premises can be overcome if the premises have extra spaces. From the above analysis we can see that, in existing day unit premises, the number and type of rooms and spaces and how they are grouped together vary considerably, ranging from simple to complex arrangements. Also, the relationships between rooms and spaces in layouts for all day unit premises need to be pondered over, including distances between key rooms/spaces, the relative location of spaces in terms of their functions, the relationship between private and public spaces and the views within and between rooms, and from external windows. In addition, access and circulation of a day unit need to be considered carefully, including access to the day unit premises and the reception space and internal circulation.
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Munisamy, Shyamala Devi, und Arun Chokkalingam. „Universal Keyword Classifier on Public Key Based Encrypted Multikeyword Fuzzy Search in Public Cloud“. Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/706102.
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Cloud computing has pioneered the emerging world by manifesting itself as a service through internet and facilitates third party infrastructure and applications. While customers have no visibility on how their data is stored on service provider’s premises, it offers greater benefits in lowering infrastructure costs and delivering more flexibility and simplicity in managing private data. The opportunity to use cloud services on pay-per-use basis provides comfort for private data owners in managing costs and data. With the pervasive usage of internet, the focus has now shifted towards effective data utilization on the cloud without compromising security concerns. In the pursuit of increasing data utilization on public cloud storage, the key is to make effective data access through several fuzzy searching techniques. In this paper, we have discussed the existing fuzzy searching techniques and focused on reducing the searching time on the cloud storage server for effective data utilization. Our proposedAsymmetric Classifier Multikeyword Fuzzy Searchmethod provides classifier search server that creates universal keyword classifier for the multiple keyword request which greatly reduces the searching time by learning the search path pattern for all the keywords in the fuzzy keyword set. The objective of using BTree fuzzy searchable index is to resolve typos and representation inconsistencies and also to facilitate effective data utilization.
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Lahiff, Andrew, Shaun de Witt, Miguel Caballer, Giuseppe La Rocca, Stanislas Pamela und David Coster. „Running HTC and HPC applications opportunistically across private, academic and public clouds“. EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 07032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024507032.
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The Fusion Science Demonstrator in the European Open Science Cloud for Research Pilot Project aimed to demonstrate that the fusion community can make use of distributed cloud resources. We developed a platform, Prominence, which enables users to transparently exploit idle cloud resources for running scientific workloads. In addition to standard HTC jobs, HPC jobs such as multi-node MPI are supported. All jobs are run in containers to ensure they will reliably run anywhere and are reproduceable. Cloud infrastructure is invisible to users, as all provisioning, including extensive failure handling, is completely automated. On-premises cloud resources can be utilised and at times of peak demand burst onto external clouds. In addition to the traditional “cloud-bursting” onto a single cloud, Prominence allows for bursting across many clouds in a hierarchical manner. Job requirements are taken into account, so jobs with special requirements, e.g. high memory or access to GPUs, are sent only to appropriate clouds. Here we describe Prominence, its architecture, the challenges of using many clouds opportunistically and report on our experiences with several fusion use cases.
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Bobrow, Davis B., und Mark A. Boyer. „Public Opinion and International Policy Choices: Global Commitments for Japan and Its Peers?“ Japanese Journal of Political Science 2, Nr. 1 (Mai 2001): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109901000147.
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To understand the prospects for global order and progress in the coming years, we explore the joint implications of three premises: (1) states advantaged by the current international order have stakes in its regularity and predictability, and thus in moving to counter or prevent threats to those stakes; (2) along impure public and club goods lines, they are more likely to make efforts to do so when some private or club benefits result; and (3) public opinion provides a bounded policy acceptance envelope offering incentives and disincentives to national political elites to act as envisioned by the first two premises. We present a mosaic of public opinion in major OECD countries (the US, Japan, and major EU members) on three policy areas – foreign aid, UN peace-keeping operations, and environmental quality – that contain international public goods elements. Actual contribution tendencies in those areas found in our previous work largely conform to the public opinion patterns reported here. Within the limits of available data, domestic political incentives as represented by public opinion warrant neither extreme optimism nor pessimism about the prospects for continuing contributions by OECD states to sustaining orderly functioning of the current world system.
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Yolchuyev, Agil, und Janos Levendovszky. „Data Chunks Placement Optimization for Hybrid Storage Systems“. Future Internet 13, Nr. 7 (11.07.2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13070181.
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“Hybrid Cloud Storage” (HCS) is a widely adopted framework that combines the functionality of public and private cloud storage models to provide storage services. This kind of storage is especially ideal for organizations that seek to reduce the cost of their storage infrastructure with the use of “Public Cloud Storage” as a backend to on-premises primary storage. Despite the higher performance, the hybrid cloud has latency issues, related to the distance and bandwidth of the public storage, which may cause a significant drop in the performance of the storage systems during data transfer. This issue can become a major problem when one or more private storage nodes fail. In this paper, we propose a new framework for optimizing the data uploading process that is currently used with hybrid cloud storage systems. The optimization is concerned with spreading the data over the multiple storages in the HCS system according to some predefined objective functions. Furthermore, we also used Network Coding technics for minimizing data transfer latency between the receiver (private storages) and transmitter nodes.
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Berkovec, James Arthur, John J. Mingo und Xuechun Zhang. „Premiums in Private versus Public Bank Branch Sales“. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 1997, Nr. 33 (1997): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.1997.33.
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Gill, David W. J. „Returning Archaeological Objects to Italy“. International Journal of Cultural Property 25, Nr. 3 (August 2018): 283–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s094073911800019x.
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Abstract:It has been more than 20 years since the raids on the premises at the Geneva Freeport were linked to Giacomo Medici. The seizure of photographic records led to a major investigation of acquisitions by museums and private collectors. This was expanded following the confiscation of archives from Robin Symes and Gianfranco Becchina. Over 350 items have been returned to Italy from North American public and private collections as well as auction houses and galleries. This article reviews the returns and identifies some of the major themes. It also notes some of the unresolved cases both in North America and in Europe and Japan.
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Gowa, Joanne. „Public goods and political institutions: trade and monetary policy processes in the United States“. International Organization 42, Nr. 1 (1988): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300007190.
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Basic analytic premises are an issue in contemporary debates about the U.S. foreign economic policy process. In dispute are the power structures alleged to govern the formation of American trade and international monetary policy. Thus, the literature supports both of these assumptions: the distribution of power is skewed towards private actors in the issue-area generally; the distribution of power varies according to issue-area. Within the camp of issue-specific power structures, as I shall discuss in more detail, support can be found for almost any assumption about the distribution of power prevailing, in the language of current debate, between “state and society.”
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CHAN, Dr Daniel W. M., und Henry T. W. Hung. „An empirical survey of the perceived benefits of implementing the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS) in Hong Kong“. Facilities 33, Nr. 5/6 (07.04.2015): 337–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-09-2013-0066.
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Purpose – This paper aims to review the current state of building decay in Hong Kong, and attempts to identify and analyze the perceived benefits of implementing the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS) via an industry-wide empirical questionnaire survey. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 340 professional respondents who have gained hands-on experience in either new building works or building management or building repair/maintenance were requested to complete a survey questionnaire to indicate the relative importance of those benefits identified in relation to MBIS. The perceived benefits were measured, ranked and compared according to the different roles of industrial practitioners, and between the residents in private premises and those in public estates. Findings – The survey findings suggested the most significant benefits derived from implementing MBIS to be: raise the overall building safety toward residents and the general public; create more job openings and business opportunities in building repair and maintenance services; and MBIS is an effective solution to address the problems with building decay (e.g. dilapidation and control over the existing unauthorized building works). The results of factor analysis indicated that the 13 perceived benefits of implementing MBIS were consolidated under three underlying factors: addressing building dilapidation and assuring building safety; improving the living environment and upgrading property values; and creating more job openings and business opportunities. Social implications – As MBIS was officially launched on June 30, 2012, it is expected to be one of the proposed effective measures in resolving the long-standing problems of building neglect and deterioration in Hong Kong and overseas, especially to those existing old private premises. Originality/value – In the long run, the number of prematurely ageing buildings would be reduced, and the service life span of existing private premises would be prolonged. This is in line with the sustainability principle of providing a better living and the working environment within the community as a whole.
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Haley, Michael. „The statutory regulation of business tenancies: private property, public interest and political compromise“. Legal Studies 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 1999): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1999.tb00092.x.
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The need for the statutory regulation of business tenancies was officially recognised towards the end of the nineteenth century. The mischief complained of was that some landlords held their tenants to ransom by demanding an inflated rent as a condition of a lease renewal. This was particularly harsh for the tenant who had built up business goodwill and carried out improvements to the premises. Despite the organisation of commercial tenants and the growth of political lobbying, it was not until Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 that controls emerged which provided compensation for loss of goodwill and improvements. The inadequacy of these provisions, however, entailed that tenant discontent and lobbying persisted until the enactment of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954. This paper charts the social and political change which brought about this significant retreat from market forces and the gradual recognition that security of tenure, as opposed to financial safeguards, was the necessary response. The controls established in 1954 have, remarkably, survived almost intact and, subject to some fine tuning, will continue to do so. This paper addresses the issue why the commercial code has, in marked distinction to its residential and agricultural counterparts, remained immune to shifts in political policy during a sustained period of deregulation in landlord and tenant law.
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Kaura, Vinita. „Antecedents of customer satisfaction: a study of Indian public and private sector banks“. International Journal of Bank Marketing 31, Nr. 3 (05.04.2013): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652321311315285.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of service quality, perceived price and fairness and service convenience on customer satisfaction. It also aims to compare multiple regression models between public and new private sector banks.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐sectional research on 445 retail banking customers through a questionnaire is conducted. The population of the study consists of valued retail urban customers of banks in Rajasthan, India, who frequently visit bank premises for transactions, have accounts in at least two banks and have availed of at least one information technology based services. Responses are analysed using regression analyses.FindingsDimensions of service quality are employee behavior, tangibility and information technology. Dimensions of service convenience are decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience and post‐benefit convenience. For public sector banks, except tangibility, all antecedents have positive impact on customer satisfaction. For private sector banks except tangibility and benefit convenience all antecedents have positive impact on customer satisfaction. Significant difference in beta coefficient is found between public and private sector banks regarding employee behavior, decision convenience, access convenience and post‐benefit convenience.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has taken into account a specific category of retail banking customers. Thus, it limits generalization of results to other banking populations.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the importance of service quality, service convenience and price in satisfying customers. Bank managers can focus on these factors to satisfy customers.Originality/valueThe paper emphasizes the significance of service quality, price and SERVCON on customer satisfaction for Indian banking sector. It compares the multiple regression models for public and private sector banks.
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Resende, João S., Luís Magalhães, André Brandão, Rolando Martins und Luís Antunes. „Towards a Modular On-Premise Approach for Data Sharing“. Sensors 21, Nr. 17 (28.08.2021): 5805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175805.
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The growing demand for everyday data insights drives the pursuit of more sophisticated infrastructures and artificial intelligence algorithms. When combined with the growing number of interconnected devices, this originates concerns about scalability and privacy. The main problem is that devices can detect the environment and generate large volumes of possibly identifiable data. Public cloud-based technologies have been proposed as a solution, due to their high availability and low entry costs. However, there are growing concerns regarding data privacy, especially with the introduction of the new General Data Protection Regulation, due to the inherent lack of control caused by using off-premise computational resources on which public cloud belongs. Users have no control over the data uploaded to such services as the cloud, which increases the uncontrolled distribution of information to third parties. This work aims to provide a modular approach that uses cloud-of-clouds to store persistent data and reduce upfront costs while allowing information to remain private and under users’ control. In addition to storage, this work also extends focus on usability modules that enable data sharing. Any user can securely share and analyze/compute the uploaded data using private computing without revealing private data. This private computation can be training machine learning (ML) models. To achieve this, we use a combination of state-of-the-art technologies, such as MultiParty Computation (MPC) and K-anonymization to produce a complete system with intrinsic privacy properties.
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Chew, Kah Teik, Norsaadah Salim, Muhammad Azrai Abu und Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim. „Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding copper intrauterine contraceptive devices among doctors in Malaysia“. BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 44, Nr. 3 (01.06.2018): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-101869.
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Background and objectiveIntrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are an important method to reduce unmet need for family planning and for prevention of unintended pregnancy. However, IUD use in Malaysia is still low. Doctors play a major role in influencing IUD uptake among women. This study was designed to evaluate doctors’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards IUDs and factors associated with their current practice.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to public and private contraceptive providers who practise in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ResultsA total of 400 doctors were invited and 240 (60%) of them responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 161 (65.9%) were from the public or government sector and 89 (34.1%) were from the private sector. The knowledge score of doctors was classed as ’average', and correlated well with their previous training level, working position, number of patients seen in a week and number of contraceptive methods available in their facilities. The age, gender, working duration, availability of IUDs in the premises and number of IUD insertions in a month were not statistically associated with the providers’ knowledge. The use of IUDs was low, especially among private doctors, and was significantly related to their knowledge of the method. Knowledge scores, perception and practice were significantly lower in the private sector.
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Laurell, Asa Cristina, und Oliva López Arellano. „Market Commodities and Poor Relief: The World Bank Proposal for Health“. International Journal of Health Services 26, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pbx9-n89e-4qfe-046v.
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Investing in Health is the World Bank's blueprint for a new health policy within the context of structural adjustment. While this document includes a broad range of arguments, its implicit premises are neoliberal as can be deduced from its “agenda for action.” Health is defined as a private responsibility and health care as a private good. This leads to a health policy based on two complementary principles: the reduction of state intervention and public responsibility, and the promotion of diversity and competition (i.e., privatization). Thus, public institutions should provide only a limited number of public goods and narrowly defined, cost-efficient forms of relief for the poor. All other health-related activities are considered private duties, to be resolved by the market, NGOs, or families. The World Bank policy provides a pragmatic contribution to efforts to achieve fiscal balance. However, it also pushes to recommodify health care and to turn health into a terrain for capital accumulation through the selective privatization of health-related financial and “discretionary” services. The proposal implies large-scale experimentation and dismantling of public institutions which are the only alternative now accessible to the majority. It rejects health as a human need and a social right, and violates basic values by claiming that life and death decisions can be justly made by the market or through a cost-effectiveness formula.
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Pudłocki, Tomasz. „„Piękne słowo jest więcej warte od pięknego ciała”“. Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 9 (30.09.2018): 35–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.09.2017.09.02.
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“A Beautiful Word is Worth More Than a Beautiful Body” – Anna Rachalska’s Private High School for Girls in Przemysl between 1911 and 1920The Private Middle School for Girls owned by Anna Rachalska, operating between 1911 and 1920, was the first successful attempt to create a school in Przemyśl enabling women to pursue university studies, which also provided an impetus for establishing further local forms of education for Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian women. The school premises were far from suitable, the teachers oen changed and the institution’s significance in the public sphere of the city was limited. However, it is worth noting that the school mostly operated under harsh war conditions that were not conducive to high activity or consistent promotion policy. It was more of a typical private educational institution for women dependent on a variety of local factors, than one of the top High School in Galicia. Its complicated and short history shows the problems of a running private establishment in the di¯cult years of WW1.
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Morgan, Jill. „THE CHANGING MEANING OF “DWELLING-HOUSE”“. Cambridge Law Journal 61, Nr. 2 (24.06.2002): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197302001630.
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This article analyses Uratemp Ventures Ltd v Collins [2001] UKHL 43, [2001] 3 W.L.R. 806 in which, for the first time, the House of Lords considered the meaning of the word “dwelling” (an essential ingredient of security under the Rent Act 1977 and the Housing Acts of 1985 and 198) and overturned the previously accepted proposition that premises cannot be a dwelling unless cooking facilities are provided. The implications of the decision are considered not only in the context of the private rented sector but also in relation to secure tenancies granted by local authorities and certain other public landlords.
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Merdjanova, Ina. „Secularism, Nationalism, and Minorities in Turkey“. Journal of Religion in Europe 7, Nr. 3-4 (04.12.2014): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00704006.
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The vivid interest in the philosophical and legal premises of secularism in Turkey, as well as in its workings in the public and private life of Turkish citizens resonates with an ongoing questioning in Western academia of the validity of established theories of secularization. More importantly, the political and social transformations in Turkey itself, and the growing role and visibility of Islam in the public sphere, especially during the last decade marked by the rule of the Islamic-oriented Justice and Development Party (jdp), have triggered a search for new explanatory frameworks and reconceptualization of Turkish secularism.The four books discussed in this article tackle the interrelated issues of secularism, nationalism and minorities in Turkey from a variety of disciplinary and methodological perspectives.
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Høgedahl, Laust, und Flemming Ibsen. „New terms for collective action in the public sector in Denmark: Lessons learned from the teacher lock-out in 2013“. Journal of Industrial Relations 59, Nr. 5 (18.07.2017): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617706425.
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This article investigates the use of collective action in the public sector by analysing the Danish teacher lock-out in 2013. The social partners in the public sector in Denmark (and the other Nordic countries) engage in negotiations and reach agreements regarding wages and working conditions in accordance with an institutional set-up developed in the private sector. This also applies to the use of the so-called weapons of conflict – strikes/blockades and lock-outs/boycotts – in connection with labour disputes if the parties are unable to reach agreement through negotiations or mediation. But there is a big difference in the premises and conditions upon which collective industrial conflict as an institutionalised form of collective action proceeds when comparing the public and private sectors in Denmark. The article shows how the use of collective industrial conflicts in the public sector has a number of built-in systemic institutional flaws, as the public employers are the budgetary authority and legislators at the same time. This is not a new finding; however, these multiple roles become problematic when public employers use the lock-out weapon offensively in combination with state intervention to end the dispute, which was the case during the teacher lock-out in 2013 in Denmark. The article concludes with the presentation of a number of proposed institutional adjustments for bringing the public bargaining model into balance.
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Bolshakova, Julia, und Natalya Mikhalchenkova. „THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SERVICES: PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SERVICES IN THE KOMI REPUBLIC“. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (20.05.2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5149.
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The article analyzes the tasks of implementing the national project "Education" in the region using the example of the Komi Republic. The article examines the conditions for the implementation of a national education project based on the example of the public servant “preschool education”. Based on monitoring indicators of the provision of pre-school education for children aged 1 to 6 years old in educational institutions in the Komi Republic, an assessment is made of the process of providing services by local authorities. The positive dynamics of the provision of public services in terms of the availability of preschool education in the territory of the Komi Republic is revealed. This indicator is ensured by the construction, re-equipment of premises in existing preschool educational institutions, the redemption of premises for placement of nursery groups, as well as by the development of varied forms of preschool education: groups for short-term stay of children, counseling centers of various kinds, groups for the supervision and care of preschool children ages organized by individual entrepreneurs. The article provides a grouping of municipalities by the effectiveness of the provision of public services of preschool education. The article also analyzes the results of the implementation of the national project "Demography", one of the directions of which is the creation of additional places in preschool educational institutions for children under the age of 3 years. Positive factors in the development of the market for preschool services are the presence of a private business and the creation of private preschool educational organizations in the region, the creation of groups for the supervision and care of preschool children organized by individual entrepreneurs. Important for the Far North region is the creation of groups of short-term stay of children in municipal organizations. The analysis shows the activity of government bodies in creating consultation centers for methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents in the education and upbringing of preschool children, centers for play support, leisure activities, weekend groups, parent-child club, groups for children disabled people. Digitalization of public administration is implemented through the creation of a regional electronic register of children in need of places in preschool educational institutions of the Komi Republic, which provides the possibility of a "transparent" procedure for the provision of services for receiving applications, registering and enrolling children in preschool educational organizations in electronic form.
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Khaderi, Shamsida Saidan, Ani Saifuza Abd Shukor, Anis Sazira Bakri und Rohana Mahbub. „Public Infrastructure Project Tendering Through Public Private Partnerships (PPP) – A Literature Review“. MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926601015.
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Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in Malaysia have been inundated by various controversies and criticisms from the very beginning. Many of the constraints that occur in PPP projects is due to the failure in tendering stage. Bidding or tender for a PPP project is usually much more complex than a traditional public-sector project involving the appointment of top advisers and designers at a great fee in the preparation of detailed design, comprehensive planning, extensive bid documentation, and lengthy clarifications. These problems as being the reason behind several high-profile withdrawals during the early PPP tenders, resulting in some preferred bidders being selected by defaults as other competitors withdrew. Base on the above premise, this study attempts to propose PPP tendering process improvement in Malaysian construction industry. This paper aims at providing an overview about literature on tendering process in PPP/PFI. The objectives of the research are to identify and understand the PPP implementation practices in Malaysia; to determine issues and challenges in PPP tendering stage; and to propose PPP tendering improvement. The approach is based on the analysis of the pertinent publications on the theme. Three main interest areas can be found in the literature which is; tendering procedure, issues and challenges, and strategies that could be enhance PPP tendering process in the Malaysian construction industry.
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Romanko, O. P. „Ukrainian Enterprises in the Tandem of Decarbonization Policy“. Business Inform 5, Nr. 520 (2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-207-214.
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The article is aimed at reflecting the essence of the course of European countries to reduce carbon emissions, which is the core of the policy of decarbonization. The stages of implementation of such a policy lead to structural changes in production, and quarantine conditions during the pandemic lead to changes in public consumption of certain types of goods. In addition to the economic stages of the implementation of the «green program», the EU countries have developed an investment plan to activate private and public production in the appropriate direction. Private investors join it in order to get involved in projects with the State guarantee of their implementation – both in European countries and from abroad. At present, such promising and global economic and investment measures to ensure the policy of decarbonization are not taking place in Ukraine. However, the private sector of Ukrainian production reacts ahead, in contrast to the State legislative position, with a certainty as to priority opportunities in order to increase competitiveness. Taking into account these major external factors of influence, it is identified the goods that have undergone significant changes in their demand, namely: devices for heating the premises. The dynamics of the sale of this product has increased in the world market due to lockdowns in different countries, and in the Ukrainian market – due to the fact that domestic producers have competitive prospects. The article examines the volume of world imports and exports of devices for heating premises, describes ways of selling Ukrainian goods abroad, as well as reasoned prospects for new, underserved foreign markets. In addition, domestic enterprises carrying out innovative production of this ware are identified and an analysis of its competitiveness is carried out. The successful sale of this product is facilitated by the independent work of the domestic producer to promote its own export goods, as well as existing consumer changes due to the deepening of most European countries into the «green» policy.
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Gearty, Conor. „The Place of Private Nuisance in a Modern Law of Torts“. Cambridge Law Journal 48, Nr. 2 (Juli 1989): 214–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000819730010529x.
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It is forty years since Professor Newark wrote despairingly of nuisance that “the subject as commonly taught comprises a mass of material which proves so intractable to definition and analysis that it immediately betrays its mongrel origins.” The “truest dictum in the books” was that of Erle C.J., who had once said in answer to the question, what is a nuisance?, that it was “immersed in undefined uncertainty.” Little has changed since 1949. Public and private nuisance still face life together in the textbooks, the universities and the law reports, despite the convincing evidence all round, much of it gathered in Newark's article, that they have little in common except the accident of sharing the same name. Making hoax bomb calls, obstructing the highway and holding a badly organised pop festival are as vulnerable to a public nuisance action as are the more traditional occurrences of special damage from atmospheric, water and noise pollution. Private nuisance has, if anything, become even more confused and confusing. Its chapter lies neglected in the standard works, little changed over the years, its modest message overwhelmed by the excitements to be found elsewhere in tort. Any sense of direction which may have existed in the old days is long gone. The action now encompasses not only smelly oil depots, noisy speedboats and the like but also dangerous natural hazards on the land and the only slightly less natural “user of premises for prostitution and the perambulations of the prostitutes and their customers.” Sometimes negligence is essential to liability, sometimes it is quite irrelevant.
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UIMONEN, HEIKKI. „‘Sorry, can’t hear you! I'm on a train!' Ringing tones, meanings and the Finnish soundscape“. Popular Music 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143004000078.
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This article explores how the use of mobile phones has changed the contemporary Finnish soundscape. The change manifests itself firstly via telephone conversations which have spread from private premises to public places and secondly via interchangeable ringing tones. Drawing on research carried out among cellular phone users, the article argues that the ringing tones are selected on the basis of musical taste, so they can no longer be regarded as impersonal telephone signals. They can be used as a means of distinction and identity like any music. Even if the quality of ringing tones is inferior to the original interpretation of the tune, they can still be considered to be music, because of their personal and collective associations.
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Sharma, Kavita, Fatima Rafiqui, Diksha, Prabhanshu Attri und Sumit Kumar Yadav. „A Two-tier Security Solution for Storing Data Across Public Cloud“. Recent Patents on Computer Science 12, Nr. 3 (08.05.2019): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275911666181010112601.
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Background: Data integrity protection in Cloud Computing becomes very challenging since the user no longer has the possession of their own data. This makes cloud data storage security of critical importance. The users can resort to legal action against the cloud provider if the provider fails to maintain the integrity of the shared data, but it also raises a need to secure users' private data across the public cloud. Methods: In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end solution to ensure the security of data stored over a public cloud. It is a two-tier approach where the data is stored in an encrypted format and only the owner of the data can have access to the original data shared across the cloud. The algorithm OwnData: Encryption and Decryption is based on AES file encryption, which has the flexibility to be implemented across different cloud platforms. Results: The proposed OwnData model to provide privacy and confidentiality to the user data successfully secures data in an encrypted format. The users can gain full access control over the accessibility of their data. The application has been improvised to minimize page load time which enables it to achieve improvements in scalability. Algorithm and concatenation operators (dot) give minimum computation load during uploading of data to the cloud platform or downloading the same. Conclusion: The algorithm is robust, scalable and secure and It gives the user complete authorization and control over the data even when data is being stored remotely or in any other cloud premises.
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Charles Urassa, Goodluck. „The effect of the regulatory framework on the competitiveness of the dairy sector in Tanzania“. International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, Nr. 4 (06.05.2014): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-08-2011-0100.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of the regulatory framework on the competitiveness of the dairy sector of Tanzania. More precisely, it attempts to identify the main regulations governing the dairy industry and examines areas in which they overlap. The paper explores the effect of the regulatory framework on the business enterprises operating in the sector and highlights ongoing initiatives for harmonisation of the regulations affecting the dairy sector. Design/methodology/approach – The study that culminated in the paper was qualitative in nature, being based on case studies of two enterprises operating in the dairy industry, secondary data, in-depth discussions with industry stakeholders through personal interviews and focus group discussions. The paper also draws on observations made of the advocacy project that is going on to review regulations in the dairy sector. Findings – The dairy sector in Tanzania is facing significant regulatory challenges, leading to the high cost of doing business. The main regulatory burdens facing the sector are: multiple inspections of premises, multiple testing of products, multiplicity of licences for premises and products, and the use of regulations as a source of revenue. Bureaucratic roadblocks add costs to businesses and reduce the competitiveness of products and services, as well as the potential for business expansion and job creation. While the private sector appears to succeed in creating awareness of the issue, it has not yet succeeded in pressurising the government to take action to bring about policy change. Practical implications – The findings of the paper will inform policy makers and the private sector on how the regulations affect the competitiveness of the dairy industry. The paper will also aid advocacy initiatives by private sector organisations by providing empirical evidence concerning the damaging effect of the regulatory framework and will contribute some ideas on how to carry forward the ongoing dialogue between the private and public sector. Originality/value – The paper fills the gap resulting from the lack of empirical evidence regarding the impact of the regulatory framework on the competitiveness of the private sector in the context of a developing economy. It demonstrates how systematic research on advocacy issues raised by the private sector could be used to generate evidence that informs and motivates policy change. The paper also applies the theory of regulation to a specific industry to show how regulatory reforms could be attained.
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Jamal, Mamun, Aleksandra Szefler, Colman Kelly und Nicholas Bond. „Commercial and household food waste separation behaviour and the role of Local Authority: a case study“. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (30.09.2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00300-z.
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Abstract Purpose Source segregation of food waste is one of the major challenges that inhibit food waste recycling around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the local authority to implement regulations and encourage an increase in the source separation of food waste within both commercial premises and households, and identifying any gaps that exist in public awareness. Methods This study was conducted by the Cork County Council in 568 commercial premises and 1362 houses in County Cork, Ireland. This study also included investigations of public and private civic amenity sites and waste collectors that collect kerb side waste located within the region. The interviewee’s responses were documented and a database has been prepared and analysed. Results Integrated strategy is crucial to roll out food waste bin within a community for successful implementation of source segregation of food waste. This strategy should involve a dedicated team from the local authority who continue to visit, monitor and co-ordinate the activities of local authorities, waste collectors, civic amenity sites and public to implement and enforce the food waste regulations. In addition to organising appropriate infrastructure for recycling of food waste, continuous awareness raising through education, leaflets and local and national media is also crucial. Conclusion The role of local authorities should include facilitating the development of appropriate facilities such as composting, anaerobic digestion within communities and to encourage communities to take ownership of these facilities and reuse the resultant material within the local area.
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Moore, Clive, und Bryan Jamison. „Queensland's Criminal Justice System and Homosexuality, 1860–1954“. Queensland Review 14, Nr. 2 (Juli 2007): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600006589.
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Contemporary Queensland has a flourishing GLBTIQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer) scene which, although still suffering from discrimination in a society that is premised around a heterosexual norm, is a far cry from the years before 1990 when male homosexuality was a criminal offence. The queer generation has largely moved beyond binaries in gender and sexuality, and at dance parties there is a blending of cultures that knows few of the old boundaries. These new freedoms to express sexuality mean that relationships develop more easily with less fear of opprobrium. Classified advertisements in newspapers and on the internet, sex-on-premises venues and cybersex are all available to facilitate physical desires and as ways of meeting a possible future partner. Yet if one were to survey young gay men today, how many would know that between 1900 and 1990 a sodomy conviction could carry a prison sentence of up to 14 years with hard labour? Or that engaging in ‘gross indecency’ in public or private (usually oral sex or masturbation) could receive three years with hard labour? How many would know that the death penalty for sodomy was removed in 1865 or that between that year and 1899 the sentence for anal intercourse was 10 years to life imprisonment?
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Kamińska, Renata. „OCHRONA MIEJSC ŚWIĘTYCH W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM“. Zeszyty Prawnicze 12, Nr. 1 (18.12.2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2012.12.1.04.
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PROTECTION OF HOLY PLACES IN ROMAN LAW SUMMARY Loca sacra enjoyed a broad scope of legal protection in Roman law. They were protected by interdicts, operis novi nuntiatio, and by government officials. The interdictive protection of holy places was analogous to the protection given to public places. One of the injunctions issued by the praetor to protect holy places was the loca sacra ne quid in loco sacro fiat prohibitory interdict, which imposed a ban on harmful activities on loca sacra premises, and prohibited offensive behaviour by private individuals in holy places. A second interdict for the protection of holy places was restitutory, whereby the praetor could order full restitution for offences committed in a holy place (quod in loco sacro religiosove factum est restituatur). The purpose of these two interdicts was to eliminate all obstacles to free and open access for all to holy places. A third interdict for the protection of holy places, interdictum quod vi aut clam, was restitutory as well. The creation of such a broad catalogue of legal measures including interdicts as administrative law remedies, testifies to the importance of holy places both in the public (including religious) and private life of the ancient Romans.
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Mullens, Amy B., Shaun Staunton, Joseph Debattista, Elisabeth Hamernik und Darren Gill. „Sex on premises venue (SOPV) health promotion project in response to sustained increases in HIV notifications“. Sexual Health 6, Nr. 1 (2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07087.
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Background: Due to increases in HIV notifications in Queensland, a health promotion outreach project was developed with sex on premises venues (SOPV) in Brisbane. Methods: A health promotion officer (HPO) promoted safer sex behaviours among SOPV patrons over 14 months, including providing information, counselling and skills to enhance safer sexual behaviours and providing referrals. Surveys were introduced to facilitate discussions regarding HIV/sexually transmissible infections, testing and safer sex practices. Results: The project demonstrated feasibility within this highly sexualised environment, and was enhanced by careful monitoring and revising the procedure to improve patron/staff responses to the project. The introduction of a survey instrument was a significant contributor to the project’s effectiveness, providing opportunities for patrons to discuss a variety of key sexual health issues. Conclusions: This initiative reflected effective partnering between the Health Department, a community HIV/lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender organisation and private industry. Despite initial difficulties, the presence of a health worker within an SOPV was acceptable to patrons and allowed for brief interventions to be conducted. This project was deemed effective for a limited time period and within certain constraints.
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Spanò, Michele. „Making the Multiple:“. South Atlantic Quarterly 118, Nr. 4 (01.10.2019): 839–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7825648.
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The essay argues for the compatibility between private law and the commons. In order to do so, it proposes an archeology of modern private law, which traces both the emergence of what will be called “modern topology” and the historical transformation of civil law into what we still know as private law. Private law is considered to be a product of modern legal theory which is radically tied with public law. The two are meant to have the very same logical form—individuality—which was the premise for the social relation of capital to be established. The pivot of this legal maneuver—which ended up with the exclusion of the commons from the realm of both private and public law—was the theory of subjective rights. To dismantle this construction, the essay proposes a critique of subjective rights as well as a trans-subjective approach to private law.
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Uusikartano, Jarmo, Hannele Väyrynen und Leena Aarikka-Stenroos. „Public Agency in Changing Industrial Circular Economy Ecosystems: Roles, Modes and Structures“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 23 (30.11.2020): 10015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310015.
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Value creation in the circular economy (CE) is a result of co-creation. In the industrial context, the theme of collaboration has been studied extensively on a company-to-company basis, but related public agency remains unexplored. Still, circular actions happen in societal contexts where public actors and logics are constantly present, enabling the change toward more sustainable actions. For systematic discovery of the topic, the following research questions are considered: (a) What roles can a public actor have in an industrial CE ecosystem? (b) What are the relationship modes a public actor can have? (c) In what kind of actor structures may the roles and modes occur? The study relies on two multiple case studies in the international (Study 1) and Finnish eco-industrial parks (Study 2) contexts. The results are based on qualitative content analysis conducted with both primary and secondary data. As a result, six distinct roles—operator, organizer, financer, supporter, policymaker, and regulator—and two modes—facilitative and dirigiste—for public agency in industrial CE ecosystems were identified. The roles depict the concrete means used by public actors whereas the modes depict the characteristics of these actions. Finally, exemplar organization models for the recognized roles and modes in industrial CE ecosystems were examined. The study provides insights into how public actors can contribute to sustainability transitions among their territories and helps practitioners to better understand the premises for public–private interaction.
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Dobson, Allen, Joan E. DaVanzo, Audrey M. El-Gamil und Gregory Berger. „How A New ‘Public Plan’ Could Affect Hospitals' Finances And Private Insurance Premiums“. Health Affairs 28, Supplement 1 (Januar 2009): w1013—w1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.w1013.
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W.M. Chan, Daniel, Henry T.W. Hung, Albert P.C. Chan und Tony K.K. Lo. „Overview of the development and implementation of the mandatory building inspection scheme (MBIS) in Hong Kong“. Built Environment Project and Asset Management 4, Nr. 1 (28.01.2014): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-07-2012-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise overview of the problem of building decay in Hong Kong, the current government measures concerning dilapidated buildings and the latest development and implementation of the mandatory building inspection scheme (MBIS). A comparison of various MBISs from other jurisdictions of the world is also given. Design/methodology/approach – A desktop study of building inspection procedures, repair and maintenance policies was carried out, followed by an industry-wide opinion survey conducted by means of self-administered questionnaires. Target respondents are within the construction community of Hong Kong. The perceived benefits, potential difficulties and insightful recommendations or good practices are investigated. A comparison of the relative ranking of individual mean scores from various groups of respondents is presented in this paper. Findings – The execution of MBIS was found to be effective in enhancing public awareness of the importance of building upkeep and recognition of the property owner's legal responsibilities in this respect. Private property owners were made aware of the necessity to take holistic preventive measures to maintain the overall safety of their own buildings. A comparison of MBIS with other similar MBISs across different cities, revealed similarities as regards the inspection cycle, scope of inspection and qualifications of inspectors. The main difference related to the age rather than the height of target buildings. Practical implications – Proper inspection and maintenance is necessary to keep buildings in good condition to avoid injury or loss of life due to sudden collapse of structures or their elements such as concrete spalling and fall of window frames. The official launch of MBIS on 30 June 2012 is one of the proposed effective measures to resolve the long-standing problems of building neglect and deterioration in Hong Kong with particular regard to the existing old private premises. Originality/value – The execution of MBIS should be useful in improving the safety and health status of the dilapidated premises and in so doing safeguarding the residents and general public. To further identify the perceived benefits and potential difficulties of MBIS, and to suggest insightful recommendations or good practices for its successful future implementation, an opinion survey was launched among construction practitioners in Hong Kong between March and April of 2012.
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Ali, Abubakar, und Sabarani B. Ghazali. „The Third Sector in Public Governance in Nigeria: Concept, Identity and Prospects“. Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, Nr. 1 (16.03.2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i1.16407.
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The world is suffused with self-organised groups asserting themselves in the policymaking corridors of governments and private-for-profits in order to jointly address stubborn societal challenges characterised as wicked problems. These self-organised bodies, labelled the third sector, operate in the advanced, developing, as well as less developed countries. This paper reviews the contemporary background of the third sector, its conceptual basis, its identity crisis and prospects for future development in the context of public governance in Nigeria. It does so premised on an orientation towards new governance tradition and heuristics. It argues that a better understanding of the concept, and governance role of the sector, by government policymakers, private-for-profits, and third sector actors themselves, will strengthen home grown cross-boundary collaboration for a more effective service delivery across the country.
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ALEXE, Irina, und Daniel-Mihail ŞANDRU. „Data Protection in the Public Procurement Process“. European Journal of Law and Public Administration 7, Nr. 2 (12.03.2021): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/7.2/142.
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Transparency is one of the fundamental principles in public procurement. At the same time, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires all operators, whether public or private, to respect privacy and data protection. The study starts from the premise of avoiding sanctions and of complying with the obligations of the contracting authority by knowing the hierarchy of values protected by the regulations in force. An important role in ensuring compliance with the law is to correlate the activity of the data protection officer with the procurement department. The stages of the public procurement procedure will be analyzed in the most relevant aspects, from the publication in the Electronic Public Procurement System and the management of personal data submitted by bidders in the procurement procedures until the publication of the results. We will observe whether data protection can become an award criterion and the influence of bidding data breaches in procurement procedures. A sensitive issue is the protection of data transferred outside the European Union and, from the point of view of competition law, the consequences of the associations, and we will finally discuss some aspects regarding the corrective measures that the data protection authority may impose.
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Neyers, Jason W. „The Inconsistencies of Aristotle’s Theory of Corrective Justice“. Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 11, Nr. 2 (Juli 1998): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002034.
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Nearly twenty-five hundred years ago, Aristotle first elucidated his theory of morality in the Nicomachean Ethics by systematically examining and analyzing the virtues which he felt were necessary for the attainment of the Good in the here and now. One of the most controversial and perhaps least understood portions of this magnum opus are those that pertain to the now famous building blocks of legal philosophy: corrective and distributive justice. These terms remain as relevant today as when they were first “discovered” in large part due to modern legal theory’s increasing tendency to rely on Aristotle’s corrective and distributive ideas as the organizing and distinguishing principles of the private and public law, respectively. If corrective justice is to define the limits and form of the private law, however, a blind reliance on Aristotle’s interpretation is mistaken. An examination of Aristotle’s corrective justice shows that his legal philosophy is incomplete and often paradoxical—asserting premises that are irreconcilable on a plain reading of Aristotelian texts. In order to demonstrate these inconsistencies, this paper will first distinguish between corrective and distributive justice. It will then examine three of the most difficult and least understood aspects of corrective justice: namely, Aristotle’s conception of equality, reciprocity, and correlativity in gain and loss.
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Fhima, Fredj, und Walid Trabelsi. „Loan Officer and the Evolution of Bank-SMEs Relationship in Tunisia“. International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, Nr. 9 (05.08.2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n9p41.
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This paper empirically investigates the role of the loan officer in the evolution of the bank-SMEs relationship and its motivation for studying credit demand, its level of alignment to the hierarchy and its participation in the decision-making process. Based on a survey of 160 loan officers from two large Tunisian commercial banks: the ‘Société Tunisienne de Banque’ (STB) – as a public bank, and the ‘Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie’ (BIAT) – as a private bank, data analysis shows that self-esteem, need for success, autonomy in performing duties, and participation in the decision-making process are motivating factors at work for loan officers at both banks. The number of visits to the premises of the SME and the average length of interviews with its manager are considered important for the acquisition of soft information. Regarding the decision-making power, while a certain delegation has been instituted at the regional level in the BIAT, it is more the responsibility of the central committees in the STB. The decision of evolution depends more on the hierarchical superiors in a private bank that is why the BIAT officers are closer to their superiors than those of the STB.
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Jalilvand, Abol, und John W. Kostolansky. „Le Beau Footwear: A Business Valuation Case for a Privately Held Firm“. Issues in Accounting Education 31, Nr. 4 (01.09.2015): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-51286.
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ABSTRACT The case for Le Beau Footwear, which is based on actual events, examines the financial and legal decisions concerning a privately held Canadian retailer whose leased premises and entire inventory were destroyed by a suspicious fire in 1990. The focus of the case is on determining the monetary value of the lost profits that resulted from the insurer's delays in paying the indemnified amount. Within this context, this case provides a rich and comprehensive example of the application of the accounting return on investment (ROI) and the market-based opportunity cost of capital (OCC) techniques for valuation of a privately held firm. Further, the case demonstrates a sharp example of applying the results from previous studies of initial public offering (IPO) and small firm effect to make valuation adjustments that reflect the retailer's private ownership status and its small size. This case is intended for use in advanced accounting and finance courses in M.B.A., M.S. in Accountancy, and M.S. in Finance programs.
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Rahem, Zaitur. „Kontribusi-Dimensional Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Terhadap Bangunan Sosial dan Budaya Masyarakat Madura (Studi atas Kiprah Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Kabupaten Sumenep Madura)“. Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu 3, Nr. 1 (28.02.2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v3i1.97.
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<p>Higher Education (PT) is a central science, and barns civilized culture. In Indonesia, there are typologies PT accordance with struktualis power limit. Namely, PT who are under the authority Kemendikbud and Kemenag. Although different house, but the same substance. All elements have the same commitment membersarkan education premises. Under the supervision of Religious Affairs, PT spread across all regions of the country. At the level of management, there are private and public PT. PT Private independently but administratively connected with the government. PT-PT private during this, the procedure of governance and there are already established there are still 'semraut'. PT-managed properly been able to provide a study room and an incredible inspiration to mental development and the custom of society. In Madura, Sumenep regency especially the private PT has a strategic role in human development and the environment. It happens, because in the life of PT contained Tridharma college mission. Insan PT determined to always be the transformation of knowledge, devotion, and conduct research for the common good.</p><p>Studies in this paper will reveal the scientific facts tentrang college of contributions and dedication in the area of Madura. The method in this study using a qualitative ethnographic approach, the technique of participant observation data collection, data sources through snowball sampling. The results of this study reveal the facts, Madura College in the Region is able to provide the benefits of environmental and human dimensional. Starting from the texture of culture, civilization advanced and new, as well as the human characters more educated.</p>
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Ravn, Signe, Ashley Barnwell und Barbara Barbosa Neves. „What Is “Publicly Available Data”? Exploring Blurred Public–Private Boundaries and Ethical Practices Through a Case Study on Instagram“. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 15, Nr. 1-2 (27.05.2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264619850736.
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This article adds to the literature on ethics in digital research by problematizing simple understandings of what constitutes “publicly available data,” thereby complicating common “consent waiver” approaches. Based on our recent study of representations of family life on Instagram, a platform with a distinct visual premise, we discuss the ethical challenges we encountered and our practices for moving forward. We ground this in Lauren Berlant’s concept of “intimate publics” to conceptualize the different understandings of “publics” that appear to be at play. We make the case for a more reflexive approach to social media research ethics that builds on the socio-techno-ethical affordances of the platform to address difficult questions about how to determine social media users’ diverse, and sometimes contradictory, understandings of what is “public.”
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Shi, Fa Ming, und Zhi Hua Hu. „The Key Predistribution Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (Juni 2013): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1028.
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For symmetric key-based key distribution techniques will not completely solve the security problem of key distribution in wireless sensor networks, a public key with certificate-based key pre-distribution scheme, the base station using a series of original public key and a single collection to the hash function to produce a public key, and for each node were randomly assigned to a subset of public and private key and public key set. Private key only, the program can not only improve the safety performance of the network, but also improve the storage overhead of the network. The program compared with the traditional key pre-distribution scheme, both to ensure the security of the network, both network and node resources are limited practical under the premise of constant connectivity, network security and network scalability margin to improve.