Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PARAMETERS“

The aim of the paper deals with the preliminary verification of the hypothesis concerning the impact of the source text structure on the choice of translation strategy (form-oriented or sense-oriented) in the process of rendering a text in a native (Ukrainian) into a foreign (English) language by university students majoring in Translation. The methods of the research included a comparative analysis of the target texts (English) translated (within a predetermined time limit) from the source text (Ukrainian) related to the domain of economics. The structure of the source text, while remaining grammatically acceptable in the Ukrainian language, had been deliberately made structurally non-congruent with that of the direct word order, which is most frequently used in English. The subjects, the fourth-year BA students majoring in Translation, whose command of English ranged between B2 and C1 levels within the CEFR classification, had been properly motivated to achieve the maximum possible result. The analysis of the target texts was based on a number of parameters, which included the preservation of the source text information and its structure in them. Results. It was established that in translating from a native into a foreign language, the subjects have a tendency to replicate the structure of the source text at the levels of clauses and sentences. However, it does not always result in the distortion of the source text sense or/and the violation of the target language norms as the subjects often managed to render the said sense and to keep to the said norms by means of changing the functions of the words in the sentence. The probability of the subjects’ abandoning the source text structure increases when the latter is evidently unsuitable for replication, in which case they switch over to the sense-oriented strategy. The correlation of the two strategies in translating sentence segments is generally identical to the one related to clauses and sentences, while the form-oriented strategy generally prevails in rendering phrases. Conclusions. The source text structure has a certain impact on the choice of translation strategy increasing the share of the form-oriented approach. However, this impact is not unequivocal and may depend on a number of factors, which require additional study. The paper outlines the prospects of further research.

The objective is to substantiate the psycholinguistic parameters of the category of incentive modality that has a direct connection with a number of mental phenomena and the speaker and the addressee, and describe the psycholinguistic model of the act of volition in combination with the study of the mechanisms and processes of perception, interpretation and speech generation governing the functioning of a language unit in a certain psycholingual dimension and its interpretation by the addressee. Materials & Methods. To achieve the stated goal, the descriptive method with its inherent means of external and internal interpretations was used as the main one; the pragmatic method involving the methodology of speech act analysis was also applied to determine the components of the psycholinguistic model of an incentive act and distinguish the types of incentive utterances; classification method – for inventory and systematization of indirectly incentive utterances, contextual-interpretive method – for establishing the transposition of non-incentive utterances into incentive ones in speech activity; intent analysis is involved in the study of indirectly incentive utterances that the addressee interprets as incentive ones in a speech situation. Results. The analysis of the inextricable interconnection of psychological, mental and linguistic processes made it possible to determine the psycholinguistic parameters of the category of incentive modality, in which the content plan (intentional needs of the speaker: orders, wishes, warnings, etc.) and the plan of linguistic representation are clearly explicated. Based on this approach the incentive is interpreted both as a psycholinguistic concept and a linguistic universal category; the components of the linguistic model and the functional structure of the incentive act are defined. The bidirection of the act of volition is emphasized. Conclusions. It is established that the focus on the positive result of the incentive foresees the obligatory accounting of distinguished or assumed background knowledge, the usage of the single sign system for encoding and decoding information, conventions, communicative situations, etc. The incentive explicates the volitional impulse, the indication to the addressee of the incentive action.

The article reveals the main provisions of the concept of speech influence and describes its theoretical model, which was developed by well-known psycholinguist of the 20th century A.A. Leontiev. The main ideas of this concept are explicated within the scope of the problem of speech communication and conditioned by this verbal act processes of speaking of the communicator (speaker) and listening of the recipient (s). The speech influence is considered by the researcher of this problem at the level of the internal and external stages of the communicative-speech processes generation of the speaker and the recipient. That is why A.A. Leontiev pays great attention in this concept to the analysis of such psycholinguistic phenomena as: «value», «sense», «semantic field of the recipient», «sign», «internal speech», «internal programming», «act of speaking» etc. The article reveals the following aspects: a) established by A.A. Leontiev evolution of the forms of communication and its psychological and semiotic mediation; b) separated by him stages of the historical formation of the activity of communication, in particular its final stage – the speech effect, which becomes a professional activity, motivated «from inside the self»; c) distinguished by the researcher notions of «speech» and «speech activity», d) defined by him the notion of «communication» and its varieties, e) associated with orientation – the criterion of speech communication – speech effect, which is characterized as one of the aspects of psychological content of communication, g) identified by three parameters phenomenon of the sign and applied in its interpretation two methods of scientific analysis important for a deep understanding of speech influence used, through the processes of understanding (the transition from a sign to the thought) and through the objectification of the subjective communicative intention (the transition from a thought to the sign) and other important provisions of the proposed concept. The content of this manuscript also describes the psycholinguistic model of speech effect, which, according to the author, has statuses or psychological actions, or appears as an independent activity with its own motive, has a feedback, acts in various forms of interference with consciousness and subconscious of the personality, etc.; the ways of achieving changes in the recipient’s existing values under the influence of the content of communicator’s speech are represented; the three-layer psycholinguistic structure of the speech influence is substantiated. In the debating section of the article, it is suggested to consider the scientific work of A.A. Leontiev concerning the speech influence as a psycholinguistic theory, by taking into account its theoretical and practical significance for modern science and communicative practice.

The present paper arises from wider research which focused on various manifestations of destructive and malicious speech behavior in spontaneous oral or written dialogs, related to the processes of information concealment and falsification in police interviews and court testimonies. A number of analytical methods were used to generate this paper: a retrospective analysis of scientific literature, comparative legal and logical analysis, extrapolation methods, and content analysis. Despite numerous experimental researches devoted to acoustic-phonetic or psycholinguistic features of lies, their results are not sufficiently reliable for forensic purposes as the expert report should not rely on assumptions. The author disputes the evidence admissibility of experts’ conclusions about utterances implying speech parameters correlating with lies detected via psycholinguistic examination in oral speech audio or video recording of a police interview or a court testimony. Forensic psycholinguistic methods and comprehensive algorithms used in some forensic experts’ reports to detect speech signs of lying demonstrate a great variety that contradicts with the principals of evidence admissibility. The insufficient development of the currently used expert approach and the lack of a unified methodology for solving expert tasks on a strictly scientific basis creates a demand for developing comprehensive methods for studying lies on the basis of forensic speech science and cognitive theory.

Постановка задачи. В статье исследуется явление заикания с фонетической и психолингвистической точки зрения. Речевой ритм сравнительно недавно стал пристальным объектом исследования в фонетике и речеведении. Актуальные данные этих исследований не проникли в значительной степени в область логопедии. Рассматривается речевой ритм с точки зрения физиологии, нейролингвистики, психолингвистики. Данные о первичном усвоении параметров речевого ритма родного языка создают с точки зрения фонетики представление о «вписывании» артикуляционных движений в ритмическую матрицу слова и фразы. Нарушения же в реализации этой матрицы дают возможность проследить поведение артикуляционных комплексов при сбое ритмической основы. В работе описывается экспериментальное исследование нарушения речевого ритма как причина речевых ошибок (патологий). Результаты и выводы. Вербальные и невербальные компоненты используются при ритмизации речевой деятельности. Используются коррекционные приёмы, в результате которых возникает пролонгированное эмоционально положительное состояние и начинается произвольное использование новой речевой программы. Данное состояние вводится в процессе аутотренинга. Эмоционально комфортное состояние при использовании ритмизированной речи закрепляется на функциональных речевых тренировках. Речь идет об усилении речевого ритма родного языка без искажения его параметров. Problem statement. The article examines the phenomenon of stuttering from a phonetic and psycholinguistic point of view. Speech rhythm has recently become a close object of research in phonetics and speech. The actual data from these studies have not penetrated significantly into the field of speech therapy. The speech rhythm is considered from the point of view of physiology, neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics. Data on the primary assimilation of the parameters of the speech rhythm of the native language from the point of view of phonetics create the idea of "inscribing" articulatory movements into the rhythmic matrix of words and phrases. Violations in the implementation of this matrix make it possible to trace the behavior of articulatory complexes when the rhythmic basis fails. The paper describes an experimental study of speech rhythm disturbance as the cause of speech errors (pathologies). Results and conclusion. Verbal and non-verbal components are used to rhythmize speech activity. Corrective techniques are used, because of which a prolonged emotionally positive state arises, and the voluntary use of a new speech program begins. This state is introduced in the process of auto-training. Emotionally comfortable state when using rhythmized speech is fixed on functional speech training. We are talking about strengthening the speech rhythm of the native language without distorting its parameters.

Objective. The main objective of this research is to analyse the cognitive and communicative-pragmatic parameters of intertextuality in modern mediatexts. The article deals with the peculiarities of intertextuality expression in mass media as well as identifies the main varieties of intertexts and considers their role in newspaper articles of the information-analytical weekly “Dzerkalo tyzhnya”. Research methods. Discourse analysis technique helped to identify textual and extratextual characteristics of media content. At various stages of the study, a functional analysis method is used to determine intertextuality as a means of receiving text-formation. Communicative-pragmatic analysis allowed us to find out the conditions of formation of intertextuality and generation of new meanings in intertextual crossings, which is oriented on the cognitive-speech interaction of the participants of communication (author-reader). The psycholinguistic method has become the main scientific way of studying the processes of origin and perception of intertextuality in mediatexts. The common scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, special scientific techniques of linguistic text analysis have also been used. Results. The mediatext is a dynamic linguistic phenomenon, which responds promptly and responsibly to social-political, social-cultural and linguistic changes, reflecting the present realities in various ways. In the process of text-forming journalists try to expand the arsenal of professional means with a variety and original innovations, one of them is intertextuality. The main intertextuality means in mediatexts are quotations, allusions and reminiscences, which are good migration ways of familiar stories, events, people, expressions in the context of mass media. These elements are integrated into the new text, cause new emotions and associations, which revive cognitive interest to the material. Conclusions. Intertextuality is defined as a cognitive and communicative-pragmatic category, which realizes in modern mediatexts, activates cognitive and thoughtful activity of the author-journalist and the reader, stimulates intellectual searches of both communicants in the broad social-cultural space of many generations of humanity. The psycholinguistic mechanisms of the intertexts use in mass media are related to the actualization of certain images in the journalist’s mind and their verbal presentation with well-known expressions, symbols, stories.

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was to present the development, validation and normalization of the Quebec Semantic Questionnaire (QueSQ). The QueSQ is a 12-item questionnaire designed for the rapid screening of semantic disorders. Psycholinguistic parameters that can influence performance, such as the nature of semantic features and superordinate semantic categories, were taken into account during its development. Psychometric qualities of QueSQ were demonstrated during the validation process. QueSQ normative data were established on the basis of age and level of education, from a sample of 100 Franco-Quebecers aged 50 years and over.

Introduction. The article deals with a psycholinguistic attributes of the token “word”. The objective is to investigate the semantic parameters which the token “word” realizes within the limits of biblical discourse. Methods. General scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, abstracting, generalization, theoretical and empirical analysis were used in order to the determine the psycholinguistic patterns of interpretation and understanding of the concept “word” in biblical discourse, as follows: discourse-analysis, content-analysis, method of observation and descriptive method enabled to determine that Bible is not just a text, but a mega-text, in which the concept of “word” transcended beyond the established lexicographic interpretations and determined the broad functional and semantic possibilities that were realized exclusively within the biblical discourse. Results of investigation. The distinctive ontological functions of the concept “word” were outlined on particular Bible examples. It was determined that in the context of theoanthropological conception a word had a heaven born origin and it was endued with both constructive and destructive power. In the Holy Scriptures a word appeared as a unique method of the world creation, God impersonation, idea creation, the search for truth, cognition of heavenly wisdom and so on. The word tridimentionality was relevant to Triune God. Rather words – are great power and energy. The "image and likeness" of man is manifested to God through the word comprehension. The greatness of man and the supremacy of all things is contingent on the reason for the word gift owning. Conclusions. The word is endowed with a unique potential of influence on thinking, consciousness and a person perception. The study revealed that the word as a discursive unit should be considered not only from the point of view of semantic-syntactic, cognitive-pragmatic and other features, but also, in particular, psycholinguistic criteria for the development of being.

Linear Mixed Effect Models (LMEM) have become a popular method for analyzing nested experimental data, which are often encountered in psycholinguistics and other fields. This approach allows experimental results to be generalized to the greater population of both subjects and experimental stimuli. In an influential paper Bar and his colleagues (2013; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001) recommend specifying the maximal random effect structure allowed by the experimental design, which includes random intercepts and random slopes for all within-subjects and within-items experimental factors, as well as correlations between the random effects components. The goal of this paper is to formally investigate whether their recommendations can be generalized to wider variety of experimental conditions. The simulation results revealed that complex models (i.e., with more parameters) lead to a dramatic increase in the non-convergence rate. Furthermore, AIC and BIC were found to select the true model in the majority of cases, although selection accuracy varied by LMEM random effect structure.

The article presents the results of psycholinguistic analysis of perfectionism. A theoretical review of perfectionism structure and explication is proposed in the introductory part of the paper. The associative and connotative meaning of perfectionism are empirically investigated using free association experiment procedure. The data from two groups are compared: student sample (N = 23 in total, age range: 17-27 years) and non-student sample (N = 11, age range: 18-60 years). Findings. After the analysis of 176 associative responses and their frequencies the associative universals were discovered: ‘purity’, ‘result’, ‘order’, ‘letters’, ‘boring’, ‘ideal’, ‘puzzle’, ‘sample’, ‘responsibility’. The connotative meaning for each universal was defined using 7-grade scale and three parameters: (1) evaluation (positive-negative); (2) strength (strong – weak); (3) activeness (active-passive). It is concluded that the meaning of perfectionism for students is positive in general. Active and passive aspects of perfectionism and the criteria to distinguish between healthy and neurotic perfectionism are revealed. It is determined that students, unlike others, are focused on achieving ‘perfection’ and ‘purity’, which may indicate a healthy perfectionism. In contrast, the respondents in non-student sample primarily pay attention to the ‘requirements’ and ‘standards’, which is recognized as a feature of neurotic perfectionism. It is revealed that students more than other participants agree with relevance of notions ‘excellence’ and ‘facility’ in connection with stimulus ‘perfectionism’ while other respondents support association ‘boring’ much more. For non-student sample some features related to perfectionism can be stated: disturbance with inflated requirements and expectations, with difficulties of compliance to high demands; an avoiding fails mindset. The hypothesis for future studies is set on this basis that, maybe, the role of socially prescribed perfectionism is not that significant when it comes to students’ striving for excellence. The universals ‘ideal’ and ‘responsibility’ are common to both groups of participants, so this quality is assumed to be closely related to perfectionism, although it manifests itself differently depending on the type of perfectionism: from excessive responsibility for own actions in self-oriented perfectionism to inclination of avoidance in socially prescribed perfectionism. The limitations of the study are discussed. The results are going to be implemented for further development of the student perfectionism scale.

This paper presents a case study of a language-impaired child who signaled the distinction between English singular and plural using suprasegmental cues rather than the usual segmental form used within the parent language. Acoustic analyses performed within the first study in the paper revealed that the suprasegmental features used to maintain this distinction included various duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity parameters. Acoustic analyses Were also performed on a set of matched two- and four-item plural forms within a second study. The results of these analyses indicated that the same acoustic parameters were used to distinguish two-item plural forms from four-item plural forms. This case of linguistic creativity is offered as further evidence in support of the model of language acquisition that emphasizes the active role children take in the acquisition process. Additionally, the phonological, morphological, and psycholinguistic factors that may contribute to such rule invention are discussed.

Using a tool for automatic text analysis and machine learning methods developed at the Federal Research Center ‘Computer Science and Control’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the first results are obtained in the task of identifying text parameters specific to people with certain psychological characteristics. The tool of corpus linguistic and statistical research, based on the use of relational-situational analysis, psycholinguistic indicators and dictionaries covering the vocabulary of emotional and rational assessment, allowed us to obtain values for 177 textual attributes of the essay written by 486 subjects. To obtain data on the severity of characterological and personality characteristics of the subjects, a number of psychological questionnaires were used. When processing the data, binary classification algorithms were used — the support vector method (SVM) and the Random Forest method. The results allow us to draw conclusions about the prospects of using some textual parameters in problems of population psychodiagnostics and the adequacy of the applied classification algorithms.

Abstract Morphonotactics determines phonological conditions on sound sequences produced by morphological operations both with morphemes and across boundaries. This paper examines the historical emergence and the development of morphonotactic consonant clusters in Germanic, Slavic, Baltic, Romance and other languages. It examines the role of the following morphological preference parameters: (i) morphotactic transparency/opacity, (ii) morphosemantic transparency/opacity, (iii) morphological richness. We identify several diachronic processes involved in cluster emergence, production and change: vowel loss, Indo-European ablaut (and comparable Arabic processes), affixation, compounding, metathesis, final and consonant epenthesis. Additionally, we discuss predictions derived from the Net Auditory Distance principle, psycholinguistic evidence and language acquisition. We show that the majority of morphonotactic clusters arise, phonologically, from vowel loss, and morphologically from concatenation.

Associative experiments uncover people’s active attitude to the world represented by language means that determines their relevant strategies of verbal activity and mediates the specifics of their world conceptualization. A word’s associative field modeled on the basis of experimental data is a psychological structure of a word’s content that is relevant for native speakers. Associative meaning distinguished via the analysis of distribution of reactions to a stimulus word proves to be an effective method of discovering emerging trends in the change of word meanings. The author researches the issue of data interpretation in associative experiments. Despite the long history of usage, the notion “associative field” and the correlation of stimulus and reaction are often interpreted in different ways because, firstly, they model the most complex processes of speech activity; secondly, most of suggested typologies of associates do not have a common systematization criterion, which hinders the usage of such classifications in research practice and sometimes leads to an ambiguous interpretation of associative data. Therefore, the author argues that classifications of associates should be developed depending on: (1) characteristics of psycholinguistic/linguistic object researched through an associative experiment; (2) isomorphism of speech and the activity it accompanies; (3) characteristics of mental supports in the cognitive process; (4) the way of representation of these supports. Such criteria of classification require an analysis of the correlation between stimulus and reaction as a unit of association. This correlation is a separate speech act where the stimulus is a motive producing the reaction and the associate expresses the author’s communicative intention. This helps to establish motives of associating and thus acquire a more veracious database for modelling different components of speech activity and its overall production/ comprehension processes. Besides, this approach justifies the principles of worldview modelling. The author presents theoretical and methodological grounds for an effective analysis of associates on the basis of a psycholinguistic object defined by several parameters: strategy of association, dominant psychological function of a language sign that realizes the strategy and the motive of activity explicated in associates.

The aim of the paper deals with the preliminary verification of D. Gile’s (2009) hypothesis (Effort Model) concerning the dependence of the translation quality not only on the command of the two languages involved, but also on the degree of the translator’s or interpreter’s processing mechanism saturation. The methods of the research included a comparative analysis of two target texts (English) translated by the same subjects from the same non-fiction source text (Ukrainian) related to the domain of law. The said source text was first rendered into English orally (sight translation) and then translated in the written form within a predetermined time limit. The subjects, first-year MA students majoring in Translation, whose command of English ranged between B2 and C1 levels within the CEF classification, were properly motivated to achieve the maximum possible result. The analysis of both English target texts (oral and written) was based on a number of parameters, which included the preservation of the source text information in the target texts, their grammar and lexical accuracy, as well as their coherence. The sight translation analysis additionally assessed fluency, while the written translation – orthographic control. Results. It was established that the preservation of the source text information in the target texts is equally high in both types of translation. The same is generally true concerning their grammar and lexical accuracy as well. A slight growth of the number of mistakes in the article use and an insignificant amount of more elementary errors, non-compatible with the subjects’ level of English, may be accounted for by the restricted monitoring capacity in sight translation due to the processing mechanism saturation. By coherence criterion, the sight translation target text does not meet the requirements of the B2+ level the written translation target text belongs to. In some fragments, it slides down to level B1 or even A2, especially in relation to fluency, whose quality is often deteriorated by unmotivated pauses, false starts, repetitions, self-corrections and reformulations. Conclusions. The authors suggest an assumption that the said deterioration in sight translation is accounted for by a higher degree of simultaneous efforts concentration in it as compared with the written translation. The paper outlines the prospects of further research.

AimsPatient-therapist alliance is a critical factor in psychotherapy treatment outcomes. This pilot will identify language concepts in psychotherapy transcripts correlating with the valence of treatment alliance using natural language processing tools. Specifically, high-order linguistic features will be extracted through exploratory analysis of texts and interpreted for their power to discriminate alliance rated by patients.MethodAdult patients and therapists in outpatient clinic at various stages of relationship building and treatment goals consented to participate in the cross-sectional study approved by the Institutional Board Review. Psychotherapy sessions were recorded using wireless microphones and transcribed by two research assistants. After the recording, each patient completed Working Alliance Inventory– Short Form, to generate clinical scores of alliance. We used the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) tool to map words to psycholinguistic categories, and generated novel linguistic parameters describing the individual language for each speaker role. Canonical-correlational analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the two datasets.ResultPatients (N = 12, 83% female, mean age = 40) were primarily diagnosed with personality disorders (67%) working on real-life interpersonal issues (median treatment duration 18.5 weeks, 50% psychodynamic, 32% cognitive-behavioral, 16% supportive modality). In this heterogenous sample, patients who used the “achieve” (e.g. trying, better, success, failure) and “swear” psycholinguistic categories of words rated the treatment alliance lower (r=−0.70, p = 0.01; r=−0.65, p = 0.02). Patients rated alliance lower with therapists, who used more “I” pronoun (r=−0.58, p < 0.05) and higher with therapists using more “risk” (difficult, safe, crisis) and “power” (important, strong, inferior, passive) categories (r = 0.66, p = 0.02, r = 0.58, p < 0.05), which commonly appeared in psychoeducation and conceptual framing of problems. Interestingly, there was no correlation with “affiliation” category (p = 0.9). Linear regression modeling from “achieve,” “swear” variables and “I,” “risk” variables with duration of treatment as covariate predicted the patient's rating of alliance (Adjusted R2 = 0.66, p = 0.03).ConclusionOur data collection and sub-sample analysis are ongoing. Preliminary results are showing speaker-specific language patterns in cognitive-emotional domain, e.g. self-expressivity, and in clinician's therapy style, covarying with the patient's perceived closeness in the heterogenous treatment dyads. Novel application of natural language processing to characterize alliance using the data-driven approach is an unbiased method that can provide feedback to clinicians and patients. This characterization can also potentially provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic process and help develop psycholinguistic markers for this critical clinical phenomena.

Abstract: An analysis on psycholinguistics field has been conducted by the writer to find out the speech produced by the 5 years old ’native bilingual’ child namely Helga Claresta Raudina. Descriptive qualitative is used as the method of the research, the data required are obtained by interviewing the respondent. The lexical and grammatical types of speech produced by the respondent are analysed based on the psycholinguistics theories. This research is done to give valuable information and description of how the five years old child produces their languages. Abstrak: Analisis psikolinguistik telah dilakukan oleh penulis untuk mengetahui kemampuan berbicara bilingual anak 5 tahun, yaitu Helga Claresta Raudina. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan mewawancarai responden. Jenis leksikal dan gramatikal berbicara dihasilkan oleh responden dianalisis berdasarkan teori psikolinguistik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi yang berharga dan deskripsi tentang bagaimana seorang anak berusia lima tahun memproduksi bahasa.

Since the process of recalling combines comprehension and speech production, it is viewed as an extremely complex though understudied linguo-cognitive phenomenon. Recalls as secondary texts or text derivatives are also considered to be a good material to explore cognitive aspects of secondary texts production, information conversion procedures and types of transformations of primary texts. The notion of secondary texts also implies multiplicity, as an original text may be retranslated into numerous secondary texts different in quality and degree of completeness. The purpose of the study is to model the propositional secondary retold texts and to identify the specifics of the recipients interpretation of the main event in the text. It is aimed at discriminating the differences between the primary expository text and its 134 immediate recalls produced by 15-year old native Russian speakers. In order to reveal the specifics of the propositional content of a primary expository text and its recalls, their recipients used the following methodological operations: the description and interpretation of the semantic roles of the first and second arguments aligned to predicates on the basis of the verbs semantic properties; the employment of the psycholinguistic model of the utterances generation; the characteristic of memory as a complex of cognitive and mnemic processes; the definition of cognitive-semantic discourse structures; and the understanding of a proposition as a stable component of an utterance independent of the surface grammar. The comparison of the original text and its recalls with the use of innovative denotative maps enabled us to define successful and unsuccessful expression of propositional structures and the main idea of the original text. The classification of texts includes four groups based on the number of the reproduced propositions and types (weak or successful) of the reflection of the primary text denotative card. The authors designed and successfully implemented an innovative 11 stage-algorithm of revealing patterns of a printed text comprehension and its immediate recalls including the primary visual perception of the text, its primary interpretation, reading, encoding, reflection, preparation for an oral presentation, desobjectivation (distribution of semantic roles), interpretation, reflection, oral implementation and text. The work fills in certain gaps in the research, such as the specifics of immediate recalls production, identification of changes in propositional structures of immediate recalls, and expanding the corpus of semantic roles similar to Frame Net. The findings can be successfully applied in natural language processing and linguistic didactics.

The article researches of social expectations’ properties of future specialists of socionomic profile. Psycholinguistic determinants of personality construction of social reality are established. It is emphasized that the variability of the requirements of the social space necessitates constant prognostic activity of the life’s subject. This practice is demonstrated in relation to natural object connections, in the sphere of processes of social interaction, social communication and speech construction in the form of peculiar social expectations. Relevant psychodiagnostic research tools were used: clear quantification of texts, created a coding matrix, carried out quantitative and qualitative content analysis, empirical distribution of all levels’ scales of the studied parameters, Spearman correlation was determined. The predominant properties of the respondents were established: internality (n=18; 51.43%); activity (n=20; 57.13%), moderate openness results (n=16; 45.71%). It is proved that the respondents, interpreting the social field, pay considerable attention to the reflexive aspects, take the position of “participant in the process”. It is shown how sign-semantic formations, acquiring subjective meanings, become an objective fact that affects the construction of social reality by the individual. An example of content-analytical measurement of human behavior is demonstrated.

The article presents the findings of the psycholinguistic experiments based on the semantic differential technique. The experiments’ objective was to identify the effect of illustration on a verbal text perception. We compared the respondents’ assessment of verbal texts and illustrated texts (with illustrations in major and minor color schemes). The data analysis reveals seven factors: Assessment , Naturalness , Strength , Imagery , Romanticism , Dynamism , Commonality . We identified the illustrations parameters affecting the assessment of creolized texts: adding any illustration, the illustration color scheme matching the verbal text content, the color scheme naturalness, the illustration color scheme matching the text emotional and semantic dominant, the use of minor color scheme. The most pragmatic potential was identified in the parameter “(non)matching the color scheme with the semantic dominant of the text” (it is important for the assessment of five out of seven factors). We found that both conformity ( Strength factor assessment) and inconsistency (for Dynamism , Imagery , Romance , Evaluation factors assessment) can be significant. The text creolization increases its Imagery and changes Romanticism factors. The color scheme matching the image content increases the text Naturalness assessment, and an unnatural color scheme decreases it. There was a decrease in Assessment if a minor color scheme was used.

The article presents the results of a pilot study of the perception of the demotivator and meme genres. It was a part of an experimental study of psychophysiological and psycholinguistic features of perception and understanding of multimodal extremist texts. The aim of the study is to develop and test the hypothesis about the influence of genre on perception of multimodal texts. To test the hypothesis, we analyze the respondents' eye movement data from the main experimental study (n = 60; 31 forensic linguists with anti-extremism practice, 29 non-experts). Research methods were eye-tracking and quantitative data processing. The following statistically reliable data were obtained: compared to memes, respondents looked at demotivators (1) for a longer time, made (2) shorter fixations, (3) with more of them, and also made (4) faster and (5) shorter saccades. These parameters may indicate a denser scanning pattern of viewing demotivators compared to memes and greater cognitive expenditure in assessing the semantic content of demotivator texts. The results of the study suggest a connection between genre and the degree of multimodal texts perception complexity. This provides an opportunity for further research in this direction and, in the future, will enable the development of norms of cognitive load of judicial linguists who analyse multimodal extremist texts.

The relevance of the stated problem reflects the study of the “friend-foe” dichotomy, which is clearly represented in the modern news discourse, since it reflects the most significant problems for society: migration, the COVID-19 pandemic, crime, various confrontations, problems of socially vulnerable citizens, etc. The subject of the research is to Refine the parameters for evaluating potentially dangerous texts for the subsequent creation of a library of software modules for theming and classifying news messages, including using AI technologies. Hypothesis: the proposed parameters of the system of interpretation of potentially dangerous text increase the chances of determining the prognostic level of the degree of propensity to illegal actions, so the creation of a digital library will help to quickly analyze the levels of potential dangers for the recipient. The use of digital technologies for psycholinguistic assessment of potentially dangerous texts optimizes the search and tracking of such texts, contributing to the development of measures to ensure the safety of the human psyche in conditions of massive impact on the recipient in order to change his personal attitudes. The author raises the problem of creating a single digital platform for evaluating such texts, noting the need for linguistic priority when creating semantic markup, which will allow us to qualitatively rank potentially dangerous texts. Such work requires the application of interdisciplinary efforts of specialists in the fields of linguistics, psychology, mythology, history, sociology, political science, cultural studies, mathematics, computer science and Digital Humanities. The practical value is unquestionable, since psycholinguodiagnostics of a person does not correlate with the potential danger of texts produced by such a person in society.

Background: This study is the promotion of a series of studies on ludic competence/playfulness, one of the seven components of which is flirt. Purpose: To define and describe the semantic parameters of the stimulus “flirting person” in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking people of Ukraine. Materials and Methods: The main method of the research was a psycholinguistic experiment whose major stage was the controlled associative experiment with the stimulus “flirting person”. The sample comprised 215 young people (aged 21-35), 112 females and 103 males. Results: The experiment results allowed to define 26 semantic parameters for the stimulus “flirting person” including: (flirting person) – what is the person by marital status?, what is state of the person’s finances?, how cultured is the person?, etc. 26 association fields have been respectively built. This study describes the association field of the semantic parameter “Motive – why is the person flirting?” – “By motive – what is the motive?”. The analysis of the obtained reactions made it possible to single out and describe such clusters of this semantic parameter, core clusters (equals or more than 10%): “exploratory motive” (29.77%), “social motive” (17.21%), “sexual motive” (17.21%), “entertaining motive” (15.81%); peripheral clusters (less than 10% and more than 1%): “assertive motive (self-esteem)” (7.44%), “instrumental motive” (7.44%); “indefinite motive” (2.79%), “intrinsic motive” (2.33%); extreme periphery clusters (less than or equal to 1% and more than 0.5%); single case cluster: “polymotivation” (0.47%). Conclusions: The semantic content of this semantic parameter depends on gender identification based on the results of the analysis of female and male associative fields. Males are driven by the sexual or indefinite motives, whereas females have social and entertaining ones.

Objective. Study of the validity and reliability of the discourse approach for the psycholinguistic understanding of the nature, structure, and features of the linguistic consciousness functioning. Materials & Methods. This paper analyzes artificial neural network models built on the corpus of texts, which were obtained in the process of experimental research of the coronavirus quarantine concept as a new category of linguistic consciousness. The methodology of feedforward artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron) was used in order to assess the possibility of predicting the leading texts semantics based on the discourses ranks and their place in the respective linear sequence. Same baseline parameters were used to predict respondents' self-assessments of changes in their psychological well-being and in daily life routine during the quarantine, as well as to predict their preferences of the quarantine strategies. The study relied on basic ideas about discourse as a meaning constituted by the dispersion of other meanings (Foucault). The same dispersion mechanism realizes itself in interdiscourse interaction, forming a discursive formation at a higher level. The method of T-units (Hunt) was used to identify and count discourses in the texts. The ranking of discourses was provided based on the criterion of their semantic-syntactic autonomy. Results. The conducted neural network modeling revealed a high accuracy in predicting the work of the linguistic consciousness functions associated with retrospective self-assessment and anticipatory imagination of the respondents. Another result of this modeling is a partial confirmation of the assumption concerning existence a relationship between the structural parameters of the discursive field (the rank of the discourses and their place in the respective linear sequence) and the leading semantics of the text. Conclusions. A discourse approach to the study of linguistic consciousness, understanding of its structure and functioning features seems to be reasonably appropriate. The implementation of the approach presupposes the need to form a base of linguistic corpora with the inclusion in each text markup of such parameters as: the presence of specific discourses, their ranks, positions in the linear sequence of discourses.

The associative technique is a traditional method to estimate a student’s foreign language proficiency. The aim of this article is to review the current methods for monitoring and assessing the level of foreign language proficiency of students; the arguments in favour of choosing the associative method of testing for knowledge of lexical semantics; and how assessments are conducted using this method through an associative experiment. The article is based on semantic analysis and field construction of the associative concept at the post-experimental stage. The experiment involved two groups of Ukrainian-speaking students studying German as a foreign language. Each group (control and experimental) consisted of 20 people. The results demonstrate that the assessment of the students’ linguistic and communicative competencies requires consideration of parameters in multiple aspects: paradigmatic, syntactic, syntagmatic relations; knowledge of typical idiomatic and phraseological correlations and all possible logical-associative relations. The experiment revealed shortcomings to include: contamination; weak knowledge of phraseology and moderate ability to establish logical relationships. In order to avoid the above shortcomings, there is a need to use associative experiment in foreign language learning and computer programs to achieve traditional associative learning methods. Lexical-semantic concept analysis revealed different content for semi-peripheral, peripheral and extreme peripheral zones. The article also outlines further promising areas of research, including psycholinguistic and metalinguistic ones. The research is potentially useful for the development of didactic computer programs, for the improvement of associative diagnostic methods in foreign language teaching, etc.

The article deals with the results of the psycholinguistic experiment which prove the influence of the self-equality strategy in the process of spontaneous reaction text generation as a reaction on the stimulus “human life”. The materials have been analyzed with the help of a special computer program which marks the reaction texts parameters: text size in words (from space to space) and in sentences as well as the text formula reflecting the finite integral state of the whole. It has been found out that the self-equality as the principle of structuring speech forming activity is also used when producing reaction texts. The form reflects the hidden laws of the text synergetics and its synchronization with the speech-thought processes of the human acting with lack of time, it shows the hidden laws of the text formation. The probability of the realization of the 7 dominant models of the text form in the experiment is 824 texts of 1 thousand, in the directed one – 705 texts. The text formats reflect the discretization of the inner textual information. The average text size in the free experiment is 27.82 words, in sentences – 2.64, in the directed experiment – 12.34 and 6.79 sentences correspondingly. The reaction texts set on one page are formed by the tested according to a selected pattern and have hardly any stylistic, graphic and punctuation difference. The forms generated in the process of experiment are more end-oriented with attractors located in the end alongside with the dominant sense.

Abstract Spatial language has been traditionally understood as encoding purely spatio-geometric information. However, much more than that must be considered for a full account of the semantics of space. It turns out that spatial arrangements manifest functional consequences which are non-spatial, so prepositional vehicles cannot be equated solely with spatial elements (Vandeloise 1991, 1994). These non-spatial parameters in turn, play a major role in spatial, non-spatial, and temporal conceptions. This provides solid ground to propose a motivation behind these types of meanings that prepositions usually convey. This paper attempts to show how the conceptual basis for each preposition proposed, is a key component within conceptual processes such as elaboration and extension (Langacker 1987). Such an analysis provides a better understanding of the spatial configuration of the English and Spanish prepositions, as well as an account for the semantic extension of non-spatial and temporal conceptions. Using a corpus-driven methodology to evidence the prepositions’ use types, the results obtained favor the hypothesis that non-spatial conceptions are ultimately motivated by spatial ones. This in turn, shows the language-specific character of parameterization due to the clear differences that exist between the English prepositions between, among, and amid, and their Spanish equivalent entre. The cognitive linguistic analysis showed in this research may also offer a new perspective in the area of Language Teaching. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research on the plausibility of psycholinguistic validation and pedagogical applications of the conceptual bases proposed.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the actual psycholinguistic problem of reflecting in the various parameters of speech the features of a linguistic personality. Since speech is a unity of social, i.e. language as a sign system, and a unique individual – a subjective form of reflection of the objective reality and the way of formation and formulation of thought (Winter), which is determined by the motivational, dynamic, emotional, regulatory, cognitive characteristics of a linguistic personality, according to the author, a holistic study of all its stable communicative-speech and psychological properties, include their individual typological manifestations. The article presents the results of empirical studies of manifestations in speech of the individual typological features of various aspects of a linguistic personality, performed by N.A. Fomina and under her leadership, which allows to give a full and deep description of the personality. Methods and Techniques. The author’s method of multilevel, multicomponent analysis of the utterance as a product of individual speech activity involves considering not only the linguistic, speech, content-semantic characteristics of the text, but also the representation of the most important psychological (motivational-targeted, emotional, regulatory-volitional, cognitive, dynamic) characteristics of the subjects of speaking. Results. This article reveals the features of the reflection in speech of typological manifestations of the activity, interhemispheric asymmetry, the originality of intelligence, semantic sphere, value orientations, various types of self-regulation, the organization of initiative, sociability and perseverance, expressing the integral essence of the personality. Conclusions. The specific manifestations of the individual typological features of linguistic personality described in the article, primarily due to the specifics of the activity, orientation and self-regulation, open up great opportunities for speech diagnosis.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of language self-presentation of Internet users. The results of the study of nicknames as means of linguistic self-presentation of persons with eating disorders in the specialized Internet forums are presented. The psychological analysis of users’ nicknames of sites of anorexic and overweight individuals is presented which gives an opportunity to assert that nicknames reflect the specific nutritional problem and self-administration of a person in connection with it. The predominance of the female audience of such sites is revealed and hence the greater urgency of the problem of standards of the body for women. In the process of analysis, on the basis of psycholinguistic and projective approaches, the main categories of nicknames are singled out: exo-decorative names; metaphorical, decorative and mysterious nicknames; mythical and fantasy characters; destructive, problem image; names that reflect the physical status, etc. It has been established that nicknames as attributes of linguistic self-presentation of users of specialized forums, is a symbolic projection of the discourse of their existence and reveals the features of real or desired body parameters; dissatisfaction with weight, with your body, yourself and life in general; fixation on the issue of nutrition and weight reduction; the desire to be fenced off from reality. Differences in the linguistic self-presentation of anorexics and overweight individuals are revealed, in particular, a more positive modality of self-presentation of overweight individuals; the representation of various categories of linguistic self-presentation in these groups which allows to assert the difference in the mechanisms of psychological protection in these groups of users. The analysis of the features of nicknames as a means of linguistic self-presentation is useful both for the purpose of psychodiagnostics of people with eating disorders, as well as in the process of developing and providing them with psychological assistance.

For almost two decades, phonologists, phoneticians and psycholinguists have devoted attention to the value of prosodic information during silent reading. Until then information on the influence of syntactic and semantic aspects in silent reading was the focus of attention in Psycholinguistics. Despite the joint efforts of researchers, there are many issues to be explored regarding two main domains. The first relates to individual prosodic parameters to languages that can have influence on the processing of sentences. The second refers to how the parser uses the prosodic information present in written stimulus on the understanding of silently reading. In both situations, it will be necessary to focus on methodological aspects in addition to theoretical ones. If on the one hand we already have strong evidence about the influence of prosody in silent reading, on the other hand it cannot be denied that measuring the prosody mentally organized by the reader during reading process is not an easy task. Thus, this article intends to emphasize the complexity concerning the theme and at the same time the needs for further investigation in each language alone. It presents some insights from the early researches in Portuguese language and offers some suggestions for future investigation.

The article presents a mechanism for analyzing sounding texts on the material of spontaneous texts (television interviews in Russian, German and Spanish languages). The theoretical basis for the proposed experimental approach is the theory of speech activity and research in the field of psycholinguistics. The units that are subject to be analyzed are the rhythmic - intonational parameters of speech as the ones that are essential from the point of their function in the process of generation and perception of speech. The comparative nature of the study makes it possible to identify universal and culture-bound features of spontaneous speech.

Актуальность исследования психологии сетевых сообществ обусловлена все более широким переходом социальной жизни в интернет-пространство. Однако большинство работ, существующих на данный момент, посвящено динамике относительно простых феноменов: эмоциональному заражению и распространению мемов, информационным каскадам в связи с теми или иными событиями, групповой поляризации, распространению слухов и ложной информации. Изучение сложных явлений, таких как коллективная память и социальные представления, относительно редки. Данная статья посвящена изучению субъектности сетевого сообщества как самодетерминированной активности социальной группы, многообразно проявляющейся в различных формах совместной активности. Одной из проблем конкретного психологического исследования является многозначность конструкта «субъектность», индуцированная неопределенностью размера сообщества, что не позволяет использовать характеристики субъектности реальных сообществ, непосредственно связанных с их размером. Другой проблемой является идентификация участников сетевого сообщества, обусловленная их представленностью аккаунтами в сети и связанным с ними контентом. Одним из подходов, частично снимающим указанные проблемы, является анализ коммуникации сетевого сообщества без конкретизации конкретных участников. При этом наиболее релевантной представляется дискурсивная парадигма исследования, а объектом становится пользовательский контент. Оценка субъектности сетевого сообщества в этом случае базируется на проявлении дискурсивных признаков в этом контенте. Параллельно осуществляется его анализ путем последовательного интеллектуального морфологического, синтаксического и семантического анализов с последующим определением частоты встречаемости психолингвистических маркеров в рамках реляционно-ситуационного анализа (РСА), базирующегося на синтаксемном анализе текста и на концепции неоднородных семантических сетей. В статье показано, что сопоставление параметров субъектности и показателей РСА выявило значительное количество (больше 250) соответствий, часть из которых была теоретически предсказана, а часть - объяснима в рамках семантического анализа и сопоставления с психологическими компонентами субъектности сетевых сообществ. The study of online communities' psychology is due to the increasingly complete transition of social life to the Internet space. However, most current research focuses on the dynamics of relatively simple phenomena: emotional contagion and the spread of memes, information cascades in connection with specific events, group polarization, the range of rumors and false information. Research on complex phenomena such as collective memory and social representations is relatively rare. This article is devoted to studying the subjectivity of a network community as a self-determined activity of a social group, which manifests itself in various forms of joint activity. One of the problems of the specific psychological study is the ambiguity of the construct "subjectivity," induced by the uncertainty of the community's size. It does not allow us to use the characteristics of the subjectivity of real communities directly related to their size. Another problem is the identification of the network community's members due to the representation of their accounts and related content. One approach partially solves these problems is to analyze the communication of the network community without specifying specific participants. At the same time, the most appropriate is the discursive paradigm of research, and the object of such study is the user's content. The assessment of the network community's subjectivity, in this case, was based on the manifestation of discursive features in this content. In parallel, it is analyzed by sequential intellectual morphological, syntactic and semantic analyses, followed by determining the frequency of occurrence of psycholinguistic markers in the framework of relational, situational analysis (RSA), based on synataxem analysis of the text and the concept of heterogeneous semantic networks. The evidence has shown that the comparison of subjectivity parameters and RSA indicators revealed a significant number (more than 250) of correspondences. Some of them were theoretically predicted, and some were explained within the framework of semantic analysis and comparison with the psychological components of the network community's subjectivity.

Members of the MPI for Psycholinguistics are researching the interrelationship between language, cognition and the conceptualization of space in various languages. Research results show that there are three frames of spatial reference, the absolute, the relative, and the intrinsic frame of reference. This study first presents results of this research in general and then discusses the results for Kilivila. Speakers of this Austronesian language prefer the intrinsic frame of reference for the location of objects with respect to each other in a given spatial configuration. But they prefer an absolute frame of reference system in referring to the spatial orientation of objects in a given spatial configuration. Moreover, the hypothesis is confirmed that languages seem to influence the choice and the kind of conceptual parameters their speakers use to solve non-verbal problems within the domain of space.

The study attempts to justify the development of linguistic personology in Bulgaria as an interdisciplinary scientific paradigm, which comprises theoretical foundations of psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, linguistic pragmatics, semiotics and phonоstylistics. The applied aspect of the approach consists in describing speaker's physiognomic expressions and speech markers, and their anthropological characteristics, which enable researchers to present a speech profile of the respective person through two parameters: their personal identity and personal voice with its unique inherent features. Linguistic personology through speech as an autonomous interdisciplinary research paradigm, serves in forensic (phonoscopic) expertise for the speakers' characteristics diagnostics, considering typical voice peculiarities. The approach studies speaker's verbal behaviour and distinctive features of his or her personal identity signaled by personal voice expression measured through linguistic (phonoscopic) expertise. Linguistic personology through speech is a unique method of personality typization as well as characterizing the speaker based on the analysis of his / her specific pronunciation and voice transformation, used in the field of forensic phonetics. It is proposed to supplement the expert assessment with the results of acoustic analysis of voice samples, as well as their perception, for more objective identification of matching linguistic data. The article represents speech excerpts, the acoustic images of which demonstrate audio-and-visual comprehension of gender differentiation of speakers, whose voices indicate that the recipients belong to the diagnosed group of men, women or transvestites.

The article is devoted to the current interdisciplinary problem of determining the characteristics of a language personality (the term of Yu. N. Karaulov) according to various parameters of her speech, which is located at the junction of psycholinguistics and psychology. The proposed N.A. Fomina and the scientific concept developed by her together with the pupils for a comprehensive study of personality manifestations in speech activity, which presupposes a systemic consideration of personality traits and a multilevel, multicomponent analysis of the text as a product of individual speech activity. This approach allows you to disclose speech activity in basic features, relationships and relationships, as well as provide a more complete and in-depth description of the individuality of the subject of this activity. The article briefly presents the author's method of polycomponent analysis of the text-statement, giving the opportunity to consider not only its own linguistic (language, speech, meaningful and semantic) characteristics, but also the reflection in it of psychological (motivational, cognitive, dynamic, emotional, regulatory) properties of authors of statements. Integral variables are named – activity, focus and self-regulation, penetrating all the structural components of the personality and revealing its integral essence through the basic properties. The possibilities of speech diagnostics of the holistic essence of the personality, which is reflected in its initiative, sociability, and perseverance, characterizing the activity, direction, and regulation of this activity are shown. Some results of an empirical study of the manifestations of the individual-typological features of these personality traits in her speech are described. Parameters by which it is possible to identify representatives of internally – subject, internally-ergic, productive and semantic, selective and aergic types of organization of initiative, sociability, and perseverance, differing from each other primarily by the ratio of different motives and needs, by means of self-regulation and external dynamic manifestations are indicated.

The article analyzes the category of evaluation as dominant characteristics of modern phraseology. A wide range of scientific views on evaluation within the framework of new linguistic directions (media linguistics, legal linguistics, suggestive linguistics, political linguistics, psycholinguistics etc.) is considered. The immanence of evaluation in modern linguistics has become particularly relevant in the theory of functionalism, where the evaluation of a phraseologism is judged as not an optional feature, but one which underlies its semantics. The evaluation, accordingly, is considered with respect to the initial emotional-expressive connotation of a phraseologism. It is proved that value parameters of phraseology are laid down in its communicative essence, as any phraseologism a priori carries some sort of evaluation. If we regard evaluation as an oppositional set of value orientations (good/evil, beautiful/ugly, interesting/uninteresting, many/few, etc.), we can define a phraseologism as a verbalized form of such oppositions in the communication process. Logically, when creating new phraseologisms (e.g. in mass communication) it is the category of evaluation that determines the vector of functioning of phraseology. Hence, media phraseology is a mirror image of sentiments and value beliefs of a certain society and is relevant in the time frame (which is an extralinguistic characteristics of a media phraseologism and a basis for its further functioning and mass reproduction). We have proven that phraseological evaluation is influenced by extralinguistic factors such as politics, culture, information technologies, etc. The emergence of a new phraseology is the result of evaluative reconsideration of traditional linguistic forms of certain industries – sports, arts, medicine, education, etc. Consequently, evaluation is a universal category of a phraseologism, considering the fact of formation of society’s values through language phenomena. The axiology of each phraseologism is determined in social parameters, where media remains the main tool for the retransmission of society’s value orientations through the means of language, the main of which are phraseologisms.

In psycholinguistics and clinical linguistics, the Sentence Repetition Task (SRT) is known to be a valuable tool to screen general language abilities in both spoken and signed languages. This task enables users to reliably and quickly assess linguistic abilities at different levels of linguistic analysis such as phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax. To evaluate sign language proficiency in deaf children using French Sign Language (LSF), we designed a new SRT comprising 20 LSF sentences. The task was administered to a cohort of 62 children– 34 native signers (6;09–12 years) and 28 non-native signers (6;08–12;08 years)–in order to study their general linguistic development as a function of age of sign language acquisition (AOA) and chronological age (CA). Previously, a group of 10 adult native signers was also evaluated with this task. As expected, our results showed a significant effect of AOA, indicating that the native signers repeated more signs and were more accurate than non-native signers. A similar pattern of results was found for CA. Furthermore, native signers made fewer phonological errors (i.e., handshape, movement, and location) than non-native signers. Finally, as shown in previous sign language studies, handshape and movement proved to be the most difficult parameters to master regardless of AOA and CA. Taken together, our findings support the assumption that AOA is a crucial factor in the development of phonological skills regardless of language modality (spoken vs. signed). This study thus constitutes a first step toward a theoretical description of the developmental trajectory in LSF, a hitherto understudied language.

The article presents the results of a pilot experiment carried out within the framework of psycholinguistics and aimed identify the structure and content of the value system and the image of the future of generation Z. The relevance of such studies is substantiated; a complex of methods is described that allows: 1) reveal the specifics of the value system and the image of the future as its subsystem; 2) highlight the most significant signs of the studied phenomena in the group consciousness; 3) draw conclusions on the motives determining the hierarchy of values. The results of the analysis allow us conclude that at present there is a change in the connections between the elements of the structure of values, the core of which is the desire for life only by the interests of the inner circle of people and material prosperity. It is assumed that the experimentally recorded trend could be explained either by the ongoing gradual replacement of the values of traditional culture with the values of an individualistic society, or by the contradiction between social archetypes (according to K. Kasyanova), which determine the national type of linguistic personality (according to Yu.N. Karaulov) and the external form of the state as that society section, which quite rigidly tries to fix the main parameters of society of a certain state. It is argued that the lack of a clear understanding of the causes of what is going on, as well as the importance of the problem for society, determines the need for further research in this direction.

Abstract Demonstratives are cross-linguistically widespread expressions. The use of demonstratives is flexible due to their semantic elasticity, which allows them to describe more or less extensive regions or referents in a communicative scenario. The constant remapping between demonstratives and referents might lead to a restructuring of the deictic system itself in accordance with the parameters affecting its use. To that end, we analyzed the structural changes affecting demonstratives in Majorcan Catalan by analysing whether speakers use three or two terms (aquest/aqueix/aquell vs. aquest/aquell) to convey spatial information. We also assessed whether any change in the adnominal/pronominal forms mirrored locative adverbs reduction. We elicited the production of demonstratives in 36 simultaneous Majorcan/Spanish bilinguals via a psycholinguistic experiment and we found two main results. First, simultaneous bilingual speakers do not extensively use the term aqueix to convey information related to physical distance. Second, the pronominal/adnominal reduction from three- to two-terms differs from the adverbial reduction. In the first case, aqueix is dropping out of the system, while locative adverbs present a shift with substitution of açí for aquí. Overall, our results shed new light on how the Majorcan Catalan demonstrative system is structured and explain structural changes in terms of ‘analogical levelling’ in paradigmatic relations.

AbstractTimed picture naming is a common psycholinguistic paradigm. In this task, participants are asked to label visually depicted objects or actions. Naming performance can be influenced by several picture and verb characteristics which demands fully characterized normative data. In this study, we provide a first German normative data set of picture and verb characteristics associated with a compilation of 283 freely available action pictures and 600 action verbs including naming latencies from 55 participants. We report standard measures for pictures and verbs such as name agreement indices, visual complexity, word frequency, word length, imageability and age of acquisition. In addition, we include less common parameters, such as orthographic Levenshtein distance, transitivity, reflexivity, morphological complexity, and motor content of the pictures and their associated verbs. We use repeated measures correlations in order to investigate associations between picture and word characteristics and linear mixed effects modeling for the prediction of naming latency. Our analyses reveal comparable results to previous studies in other languages, indicating high construct validity. We found that naming latency varied as a function of entropy of responses, word frequency and motor content of pictures and words. In summary, we provide first German normative data for action pictures and their associated verbs and identify variables influencing naming latency.

Topicality of the problem raised in this article is determined by insufficient representation of J. Barnes’ creative phenomenon, in particular his prose translation studies analysis, in the Ukrainian philological science. Complex nature of the postmodern belles-lettres discourse elucidation has been conditioned by its intertextuality and genre heterogeneity of its text parts. Non-linear narration together with the intricate combination of discourse samples belonging to various genres and styles in the text framework. Thus, the realistic illusion is made by means of its consideration from the psycholinguistic point. The latter concerns conceptual opposition emphasis as well the separate units stressing. An illusion is also made of the discourse parts reference to different psycho-emotional dominants; the latter generates the text versatility interpretations. In the analyzed work of fiction inversion (in combination with other stylistic means) performs semantic (plot-forming) and stylistic (expressive and pragmatic) functions. Inverted word order with an emphatic do is used for the subject elements emphasis; the negative inverted statements intend to intensify certain semantic components stressing in micro- and macrocontextual structure; inverted sentences with an introductory there were applied to emphasize and describe the depicted world picture components as the personages’ psycho-emotional state indicators. The final analyzed sample provides a vivid example of the above. The emotive colouring has been achieved by actualizing expressive means belonging to different language levels; especially frequent is the use rhetoric questions and statements. The key feature of the translated text has been focused on rendering the functional and stylistic parameters of the source text into the target language. The compensatory means applied in the target text comprise inherent and adherent expressive elements of different language levels, punctuating marks intending to convey the belles-lettres text melodic sounding, and lexical units belonging to various registers.

The present paper examines the dominant isotopies under which linguistic clichés emerge in the context of the intense media coverage of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the linguistic automatisms excerpted from the online journalistic discourse proved to be prolific in identifying additional features of the linguistic “behaviour” of clichés. Furthermore, the investigation facilitated our understanding of the underlying motivations, implications, and potential effects triggered by the use of specific prefabricated structures. As a general remark, the analysis of these dominant overused schemes revealed how media institutions overuse, under the pressure of the international model, specific lexico-semantic isotopies which exploit prefabricated structures from distinct fields: war, particularly the area of pyrotechnic elements (“explosion of new cases”, “huge explosion of Covid cases”), the semantic area of natural disasters subsumed to liquidity (“a new wave of COVID”, “anti-Covid control wave”, “death wave”, “a wave of hateful comments”, “wave of infections/confirmations/illnesses”, “flood of accusations/fines”, “tsunami of COVID-19 patients/displacements”). We have also identified journalistic automatisms circumscribed to the isotopy of the economy (“epidemiological balance”), ranking and sports competition (statistical clichés: “top of infections”, “Covid top”, “top Covid infections”, “European top of Covid evolution”, “vaccine race”, among others), disaster (clichés of melodramatic excess, salient to tabloid journalism: “disaster”, “chaos”, “nightmare”, “COVID-19 drama”). For the present article, we channeled our investigative effort only towards the first two dominant isotopies. To achieve these objectives, we proposed a two-dimensional research model. Specifically, we correlated the data obtained through conjugating linguistic micro-parameters (semantic, stylistic features, lexical and morpho-syntactic patterns) and macrolevel variables (pragmatic, psycholinguistic aspects, perspectives derived from the sociology of media communication, critical analysis of discourse, among others). The investigation results revealed that these linguistic patterns, analyzed under the conceptual “umbrella” of isotopy, can function as rhetorical and lexico-semantic strategies through which journalists activate the receptors’ affective responses. Consequently, media discourse can trigger and maintain artificial states of anxiety, panic, and restlessness. Over time, this journalistic operation leads, through the impact of obsessive repetition, to the passive consumption of media representations and cultural stereotypes, of preconceived ideas.

Contribution of the Kharkiv Linguistic School to the Formation and Development of Theory of Non-Verbal CommunicationThis article describes contribution of the Kharkiv linguistic school to the formation of theory of non-verbal communication (NVC) and indicates the periods of its development in Ukrainian linguistics: from the psycholinguistic research of Oleksandr Potebnia (the late nineteenth century) to modern pragmalinguistic studies. The article aims to familiarise the European scholarly community with theoretical achievements of world-class Ukrainian linguists: Oleksandr Potebnia, Leonid Bulakhovs′kyĭ, Iuriĭ Shevel′ov (Iuriĭ Sherekh, George Shevelov), who directly or indirectly formed a theory of non-verbal communication (its methodological postulates, typology of non-verbal parameters, terminology), as well as with achievements of their followers, representatives of the pragmalinguistic branch of the Kharkiv linguistic school, exploring issues of NVC theory in the framework of discourse theory.Modern Ukrainian linguists actively develop non-verbal communication theory in relation to discourse practice (theoretical, terminological, stylistic, ethnocultural, idiolectic, gender and lexicographic aspects) and declare to have worked out a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the non-verbal communication system on the basis of oral and written Ukrainian material. However, the article draws attention to the lack of a national Ukrainian theoretical platform, uniform NVC metalanguage and research methods, and identifies this issue as the most pressing research challenge.Based on the presented conceptualisations, the article identifies five periods of the formation and development of the Ukrainian theory of NVC, as reflected in the achievements of the most well-known and the strongest school in Ukrainian linguistics: (1) the initial period: late 19th – early 20th centuries; (2) the avant-garde period: 1920s–1930s; (3) the Soviet period: 1930s–1960s; (4a) the (“post-Soviet”) diaspora period (1970s); (4b) the post-Soviet period (1990s); (5) the current period: since the early 2000s. The article also outlines research prospects in this study area. Wkład charkowskiej szkoły językoznawczej w powstanie i rozwój teorii komunikacji niewerbalnejNiniejszy artykuł opisuje wkład charkowskiej szkoły językoznawczej w powstanie i rozwój teorii komunikacji niewerbalnej oraz nakreśla etapy rozwoju tej teorii w ukraińskim językoznawstwie, począwszy od psycholingwistycznych badań Ołeksandra Potebni pod koniec XIX wieku aż po współczesne badania pragmalingwistyczne.Artykuł ma na celu zapoznanie europejskich badaczy z teoretycznymi osiągnięciami ukraińskich językoznawców światowej klasy: Ołeksandra Potebni, Leonida Bułachowskiego, Jurija Szewelowa (Jurija Szerecha, George’a Shevelova), którzy bezpośrednio lub pośrednio przyczynili się do sformułowania teorii komunikacji niewerbalnej (jej postulatów metodologicznych, typologii parametrów niewerbalnych, terminologii), jak również z osiągnięciami ich następców, przedstawicieli nurtu pragmalingwistycznego charkowskiej szkoły językoznawczej, badających zagadnienia teorii komunikacji niewerbalnej w ramach teorii dyskursu.Dzisiejsi językoznawcy ukraińscy aktywnie rozwijają teorię komunikacji niewerbalnej w odniesieniu do praktyki dyskursu (w aspekcie teoretycznym, terminologicznym, stylistycznym, etnokulturowym, idiolektalnym, genderowym i leksykograficznym) i deklarują stosowanie opracowanej na bazie ukraińskiego materiału ustnego i pisemnego metodologii wszechstronnej analizy systemu komunikacji niewerbalnej. Artykuł zwraca jednak uwagę na brak ogólnokrajowej platformy teoretycznej, jednolitego metajęzyka i metod badawczych, wskazując przy tym, że jej stworzenie stanowi najpilniejsze zadanie stojące przed badaczami.Na podstawie przedstawionych konceptualizacji artykuł wyróżnia pięć okresów rozwoju ukraińskiej teorii komunikacji niewerbalnej w odniesieniu do osiągnięć charkowskiej szkoły językoznawczej, najbardziej znanej i najlepszej szkoły ukraińskiego językoznawstwa: 1) okres początkowy (schyłek XIX i początek XX wieku); 2) okres awangardy (lata 20. i 30. XX wieku); 3) okres radziecki (od lat 30. do 60. XX wieku); 4a) okres „postradzieckiej” diaspory (lata 70. XX wieku); 4b) okres postradziecki (lata 90. XX wieku); 5) okres współczesny (od początku XXI wieku). Artykuł przedstawia również perspektywy badawcze na tym polu.

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