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1
Koch, Ulrich. „‘Cruel to be kind?’ Professionalization, politics and the image of the abstinent psychoanalyst, c. 1940–80“. History of the Human Sciences 30, Nr. 2 (April 2017): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695116687239.
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This article investigates the changing justifications of one of the hallmarks of orthodox psychoanalytic practice, the neutral and abstinent stance of the psychoanalyst, during the middle decades of the 20th century. To call attention to the shifting rationales behind a supposedly cold, detached style of treatment still today associated with psychoanalysis, explanations of the clinical utility of neutrality and abstinence by ‘classical’ psychoanalysts in the United States are contrasted with how intellectuals and cultural critics understood the significance of psychoanalytic abstinence. As early as the 1930s, members of the Frankfurt School discussed the cultural and social implications of psychoanalytic practices. Only in the 1960s and 1970s, however, did psychoanalytic abstinence become a topic within broader intellectual debates about American social character and the burgeoning ‘therapy culture’ in the USA. The shift from professional and epistemological concerns to cultural and political ones is indicative of the changing appreciation of psychoanalysis as a clinical discipline: for psychoanalysts as well as cultural critics, I argue, changing social mores and the professional decline of psychoanalysis infused the image of the abstinent psychoanalyst with nostalgic longing, making it a symbol of resistance against a culture seen to be in decline.
2
Colston, Alex. „Left Freudians“. History of the Present 12, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21599785-9547257.
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Abstract Are the limits of psychoanalytic politics the limits of the politics of psychoanalysis’s founding father, Sigmund Freud? This article offers an answer to this question by discussing Freud’s political affinities and then recounting a short history of the “Left Freudians,” psychoanalytic thinkers who broke with Freud’s old-style liberalism. Freud was neither a communist nor a political radical, but he was the figurehead of a tradition of inquiry and body of knowledge that lent itself to radical political thought and practice. How does psychoanalytic thinking justify this ideological break? Beginning with anarchist Otto Gross, this article traces a genealogy of radical psychoanalytic thinkers through the historical depoliticization and repression of political psychoanalysis, unearthing its more radical proponents and critiques and substantiating Gross’s assertion that psychoanalysis is preparatory work for the revolution. At the end of the genealogy, the article turns to psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan’s infamous and emblematic encounter with provocateurs from the radical student movement. Neither as domineering nor paternalistic as he seemed, Lacan’s diagnosis of the revolutionaries as hysterical helots should be read as his own provocation for them to clarify their desire, because the purpose of political psychoanalysis is to understand the unconscious desire involved in political acts.
3
Weinshel, Edward M. „Therapeutic Technique in Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, Nr. 2 (April 1992): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000202.
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As the distinctions between what we consider to be psychoanalysis and what we consider to be psychoanalytic psychotherapy have become more uncertain and more blurred, it follows that it is equally difficult to designate the techniques that would be appropriate and specific for each modality. The problem has been compounded by the fact that in recent years psychoanalysis in the United States has become considerably less homogeneous than in the past and the ego-psychological structural model is no longer the only point of view in the psychoanalytic marketplace. Further, with alterations in the criteria for analyzability, cases which, generally, had not been viewed as suitable for analysis, have been appearing with increasing frequency on psychoanalysts' couches. We have also recognized that the degree of congruence between our expectation from and the results of psychoanalytic treatment was often less than anticipated. It appears that analysis have become considerably less arbitrary about what psychoanalysis is and how a psychoanalysis can be carried out. The author is unable to delineate one technique that is intrinsic to and limited to psychoanalysis. There are, however, differences in degree and emphasis in the ways in which various techniques are applied in the therapy of psychoanalysis as compared to the therapy of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Special attention is given to the role of a psychoanalytic process and the central place the analysis of resistance plays in psychoanalytic therapy.
4
Vidal, Jean-Pierre. „De la problématique de la filiation à l’éthique de la formation. Peut-on être psychanalyste de groupe et se désintéresser de l’histoire groupale de la psychanalyse ?“ Revue de psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe 21, Nr. 1 (1993): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rppg.1993.1201.
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From the problematic ancestry of psychoanalysis to the professional training of psychoanalysts. Can one be a group psychoanalyst and not be concerned by the history of psychoanalysis ? Since Freud said that psychoanalysis is an impossible task, we are obliged to look at the training of psychoanalysts as something other than a mere preparation for a profession. What is inevitably in question here is the essence of the specific means of the transmission of and the particular conditions of the acquisition of knowledge. The answer lies in the origins of psychoanalysis itself and the fact that it was the creation of a group of people. Right from the start, the disciples and heirs of this group have made up a full scale saga built around things unsaid, memory lapses and censorship brought about by the choices made by the master himself. A certain conception of the ancestry of psychoanalysis is brought into play in this story of its beginnings, and this is not without important consequences for the training of psychoanalysts and for their very inheritance. Thus, the history of psychoanalysis, and the history of this history, cannot be considered as inappropriate either to the exercise of the profession or the preparatory training. On the contrary, it should form part of its basic ethics and constantly be bom in mind. One cannot be a group psychoanalyst and pay no attention to the collective origins which have indelibly marked psychoanalysis. Its extension to other fields — the group, the family and institutions — cannot help but throw new light and make new, better defined and more profound demands upon it.
5
Dembińska, Edyta, und Krzysztof Rutkowski. „The Beginnings of Psychoanalysis in Poland Before the First World War“. Psychoanalysis and History 23, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2021): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2021.0397.
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So far, the origins of Polish psychoanalysis have remained in historical obscurity. Today few people remember that at the start of the twentieth century psychoanalysis sparked a debate and divided physicians, psychologists and pedagogues into its followers and opponents in partitioned Poland. The debate about psychoanalysis played out with the most dynamism in the scientific community of Polish neurologists and psychiatrists, where most of the first Polish psychoanalysts were based: Ludwig Jekels, Stefan Borowiecki, Jan Nelken, Herman Nunberg and Karol de Beaurain. Their efforts to popularize psychoanalytic therapy resulted in the entire scientific session being devoted to psychoanalysis at the Second Congress of Neurologists, Psychiatrists and Psychologists in Krakow in 1912. This paper illustrates the profiles of individuals who were involved in the popularization of Polish psychoanalytic thought and demonstrates a variety of reactions provoked by psychoanalytic ideas in scientific circles. It also sets out to piece together the development of Polish psychoanalysis as a whole before the First World War, suggesting that this first wave of interest might in some ways amount to a historically overlooked pre-war Polish school.
6
Vavilov, Pavel S. „Psychoanalysis between culturology and cultural studies“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, Nr. 1 (46) (März 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2021-1-12-20.
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The article is devoted to the relationship between psychoanalysis, cultural studies and culturology. More attention is paid to the analysis of the conceptual and methodological contribution of psychoanalytic theory to cultural studies. The author emphasizes the nature of the reception of psychoanalytic theories in Western science, demonstrating that the invasion of psychoanalysis into the field of cultural studies, as well as the dynamics of their mutual influence was conditioned by the general ideological attitudes of «suspicion» towards the institutions of power. Psychoanalysis brings its methodological usefulness to cultural studies in that it can be used to reveal the conditions of creation and consumption of cultural products, the discovery of the subject’s representation strategies, and the degree of the researcher’s engagement. The conclusion is made that a productive dialogue between practicing psychoanalysts, researchers in the theory of psychoanalysis, as well as scholars involved in the theory and history of culture is necessary for the integration of modern psychoanalytic theory into domestic culturology.
7
Luca, Daniela. „The Institutional Space: Belonging and Transmission“. Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 15, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2022-0008.
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Abstract Psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic institution are inseparable from analytical training and practice. However, the two terms are not equivalent. Psychoanalysis refers firstly – or should refer – to the work of the analyst, in their office – their own – space, with their analysts. However, the analyst belongs to another space: a professional group, a community, respectively an association or a society – an institution. The psychoanalytic institution, in turn, guarantees the transmission of the rules of the profession of the analyst. Psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic institution are linked to the professional activity and ethical principles of its members. The founding power of psychoanalysts, that is, the power to set up an institution and make it evolve, is based on the professional activity and the commonly created and respected deontological matrix. The vitality and sustainability of this activity depends mainly on the quality of the shared common psychoanalytic space, on the processes of psychoanalysis containment, transformation, and transmission by each analyst and by the whole group, at the same time. These are some of the lines of debate that we propose in this paper on psychoanalytic groups and institutions.
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Maclean, George. „A Brief Story about Dr. Hermine Hug-Hellmuth“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, Nr. 6 (August 1986): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100618.
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Dr. Hermine Hug-Hellmuth was the world's first practicing child psychoanalyst. From this vantage point of being the first person to apply psychoanalysis to the treatment of children, she was also the first person to make use of systematic child observation from a psychoanalytic point of view (1). In addition Dr. Hug-Hellmuth was among the very first of the lay adherents to psychoanalysis to practice psychoanalysis (2). Further, she was one of the first women to obtain a doctorate degree in physics from the University of Vienna. We see that in all these aspects, as a woman, with a lay education, practicing psychoanalysis with children and employing psychoanalytic child observation, she was the first, or among the very first. In this perspective her pioneer status becomes understood to be very important. Others followed and psychoanalysis grew and flourished as did the contributions and the stature of those who would become giants of psychoanalytic history. In part, it was in the shadows of these later giants that the memory of Dr. Hug-Hellmuth has faded.
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Shulman, Michael E. „What Use is Freud?“ Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 69, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2021): 1093–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651211059546.
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More than a hundred years into our field’s development, examining Freud’s place in psychoanalytic education is timely. What authority does he hold for psychoanalysts in 2021? Is he still the architect, or overseer, of psychoanalysis? Freud has been a metonym for psychoanalysis, yet the history of Freud’s identification with the totality of psychoanalysis has had important unfortunate consequences. Negative aspects of this identification subtly linger, interfering in our collective appreciation of post-Freudian theoretical innovations. Too much of psychoanalysis has been “bought at the company store” of Freud’s ideas. Though part of this problem is created by idealizations of Freud, much of it stems from Freud’s precocious emphasis on psychoanalytic findings within his tripartite definition of psychoanalysis. As a result, many of his theoretical accounts were taken prematurely as definitive building blocks for a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory, when in fact they were only provisional formulations. Presently, portions of Freud’s theories are silently withering on the psychoanalytic vine. Data from the PEP-Web archive reveal the declining use of a set of once important, closely linked conceptions—Freud’s psychosexual theory and his characterology—and illustrate the kinds of Freudian ideas that have lost their usefulness. The indispensable and enduring elements in his work are identified.
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Cuc, Bogdan Sebastian. „From the Couch to the Chair, Secret or Mistery?“ Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 13, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2020-0005.
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AbstractInitiated as a search for the truth hidden by the symptoms of hysteria, psychoanalysis, but in fact psychoanalysts, had a particular relationship with the secret over time. Beyond the historical truth of using the word „secret” to name meetings back in the time when the first group of psychoanalysts was being formed, beyond the stigma of secret society or even occult society with which the psychoanalyst society was then labelled, or, more precisely, the community of psychoanalysts was labelled (some still believe this is the case), the question of secrecy has been present since the beginning of psychoanalysis, not only in the minds of those who, in one form or another, were approaching psychoanalysis, but right in the center of the experiences of psychoanalysts’ practices.Between confidentiality and urging the patient to say “whatever goes through their mind”, between the phantasm of the primitive scene and the construction of intimacy, the meaning of the secret carries the psychoanalyst forward towards revealing the pathogenic truth and the construction of the sanogenoic mystery. From free association to evenly suspended attention, we have a sinuous trajectory of certain affects that, freeing the sensorial that carried them, inscribe the papyrus of the Ego’s history, detached from the Id.
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HENRY, PHILLIP J. „RECASTING BOURGEOIS PSYCHOANALYSIS: EDUCATION, AUTHORITY, AND THE POLITICS OF ANALYTIC THERAPY IN THE FREUDIAN REVISION OF 1918“. Modern Intellectual History 16, Nr. 02 (18.10.2017): 471–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244317000506.
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This article looks at Sigmund Freud's attempt to rethink psychoanalytic therapy at the close of the Great War. By profoundly undermining a liberal world order and dramatically eroding the material security and social prestige of the educated middle class (Bildungsbürgertum) to which Freud belonged, the war unsettled the social politics of classical analytic therapy. Simultaneously, the treatment of the war neuroses by psychoanalysts appeared to invert the liberal principles around which the procedure of psychoanalysis was developed by placing the analyst in a fundamentally disciplinary relationship vis-à-vis the patient. In response to these threats to the identity of psychoanalysis, Freud undertook a far-reaching renegotiation of the politics of analytic therapy in his address, titled “The Paths of Psychoanalytic Therapy,” to the Fifth International Psychoanalytic Congress in the last months of the war. His attempt to mediate the contradictions exposed by the war gave rise to a vision of a postclassical psychoanalysis for a mass democratic age.
12
Marini, Stefano, Laura Di Tizio, Sira Dezi, Silvia Armuzzi, Simona Pelaccia, Alessandro Valchera, Gianna Sepede et al. „The bridge between two worlds: psychoanalysis and fMRI“. Reviews in the Neurosciences 27, Nr. 2 (01.02.2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2015-0031.
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AbstractIn recent years, a connection between psychoanalysis and neuroscience has been sought. The meeting point between these two branches is represented by neuropsychoanalysis. The goal of the relationship between psychoanalysis and neuroscience is to test psychoanalytic hypotheses in the human brain, using a scientific method. A literature search was conducted on May 2015. PubMed and Scopus databases were used to find studies for the inclusion in the systematic review. Common results of the studies investigated are represented by a reduction, a modulation, or a normalization of the activation patterns found after the psychoanalytic therapy. New findings in the possible and useful relationship between psychoanalysis and neuroscience could change the modalities of relating to patients for psychoanalysts and the way in which neuroscientists plan their research. Researchers should keep in mind that in any scientific research that has to do with people, neuroscience and a scientific method cannot avoid subjective interpretation.
13
Mészáros, Judit. „The saga of psychoanalysis in Eastern Europe: repression and rebirth in Hungary, and in former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia“. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 24, suppl 1 (2017): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702017000400007.
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Abstract The paper shortly presents the early roles of Budapest, Prague, and Belgrade in the development of psychoanalytic movement in Central-Europe before the Second World War. Mapping this historical heritage, it suggests how psychoanalysts of former Soviet Bloc countries could restore their own psychoanalytic communities. The study investigates the consequences of these dictatorial and authoritarian regimes for psychoanalysis and for psychoanalysts focusing on similarities and differences in Hungary, in former Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Furthermore, it emphasizes the contribution of the international professional organizations - the International Psychoanalytic Association, and the European Psychoanalytic Federation - for reintegration of Budapest, Prague, and Belgrade to the international psychoanalytic community.
14
Bystrov, Pyotr I. „Review of the book by V.V. Starovoitov “Psychoanalysis in Portraits”“. History of Philosophy 28, Nr. 1 (2023): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2023-28-1-136-139.
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The review highlights two main parts of the book: information about scientists who created psychoanalysis, developed and applied it, and Appendices. The first of them is devoted to classical psychoanalysis, starting with S. Freud. Here the author introduces the reader to British and Hungarian psychoanalysis, including in their modern version. It is noted that the changes that have occurred in the theoretical field of psychoanalysis have led to radical changes in therapeutic practice. The boundaries of psychoanalysis are fluid. They are constantly expanding, and in our time psychoanalysis can be interpreted as a system of theories of human behavior, as a way to treat mental illness, etc. Appendices consisting mainly of scientific articles of philosophers and psychoanalysts translated by V.V. Starovoitov from English. They can be considered an interesting book in their own right. Particularly attractive to the reader are the articles of R. Fairburne and D. Winnicott, as well as an extensive article by Dr. Elizabeth Spillius. Overall, the whole book is informative and useful, it can not only benefit the novice psychoanalyst of a philosophical orientation, but also arouse interest in psychoanalysis in a person who previously considered the theory and practice of psychoanalysis to be theoretical fun.
15
Zislin, Yosef M. „How and why psychoanalysts become storytellers“. Neurology Bulletin LII, Nr. 1 (23.06.2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb21268.
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In this paper, I wish to look at the approach of psychoanalysts to folklore texts. The evaluation of psychoanalytic interpretations of two Russian fairy tales shows that psychoanalysts, not knowing the methods of anthropology and folklore, freely and mistakenly construed the text material. Such a free interpretation is based on the confidence of analysts that the psychoanalytic method itself can provide a correct key to understanding any text. According to our opinion, such erroneous interpretations lead to the discrediting of psychoanalysis and may ultimately lead to fatal errors in psychotherapy.
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Zislin, Iosif M. „How and why psychoanalysts become storytellers. Part 2“. Neurology Bulletin LII, Nr. 2 (19.10.2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb33830.
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In this paper, I wish to look at the approach of psychoanalysts to folklore texts. The evaluation of psychoanalytic interpretations of two Russian fairy tales shows that psychoanalysts, not knowing the methods of anthropology and folklore, freely and mistakenly construed the text material. Such a free interpretation is based on the confidence of analysts that the psychoanalytic method itself can provide a correct key to understanding any text. According to our opinion, such erroneous interpretations lead to the discrediting of psychoanalysis and may ultimately lead to fatal errors in psychotherapy.
17
Krause, Monika, und Michael Guggenheim. „The Couch as a Laboratory?“ European Journal of Sociology 54, Nr. 2 (August 2013): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975613000118.
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AbstractThe debate about knowledge-production in sociology has pitted “internalist” accounts, which pay close attention to the places, practices, and tools of knowledge, against “externalist” accounts of institutions and fields. Using psychoanalysis as a case, this paper develops an approach that integrates these traditions by comparing the differentiation of places, tools and practices of knowledge production. The paper shows that, in a context in which other areas of practice increasingly differentiate research, diagnosis and treatment in spaces, tools, and professional roles, psychoanalysis invokes that differentiation rhetorically but refuses to differentiate its practice. Psychoanalysts insist on a specific setting – the couch and the psychoanalytic relationship – as central to all aspects of their knowledge-production but they do not adapt this space to pursue any of these purposes in their own right. This analysis explains some of the problems psychoanalysis has with its environment and the specific form divisions take within psychoanalysis. As an unusual case of non-differentiation, psychoanalysis highlights the role differentiation plays in other areas of knowledge-production.
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Sayers, Janet, und Helen Tyson. „Karin Stephen: Bloomsbury's Rebel Psychoanalyst“. Psychoanalysis and History 26, Nr. 1 (April 2024): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2024.0495.
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This paper highlights the important contribution to psychoanalysis made by the psychoanalyst Karin Stephen. Following in the footsteps of other feminist biographers and historians of psychoanalysis, who have worked to bring ‘Freud’s women’ out of the shadows, this article not only focuses on Karin Stephen’s role within the internal political struggles of the British Psychoanalytical Society during the Second World War, but also shows how her psychoanalytic writings can be read in the context of her political activism in the 1930s. Beginning with a biographical account of Stephen’s early life and marriage in October 1914 to Virginia Woolf’s brother, Adrian Stephen, the paper goes on to explore the impact of Karin Stephen’s political activism on her psychoanalytic writing. The article examines Stephen’s arguments, in both her published and her unpublished writings, about the capacity for psychoanalysis to respond to the political crises of the 1930s and 1940s by offering patients freedom from servility to the ‘raging dictator[s]’ within and beyond the inner world of their minds.
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Ahlskog, Gary. „Psilocybin's Erasure of EGO“. Psychoanalytic Review 110, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2023): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2023.110.4.457.
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The psychoanalytic journey and the psilocybin journey both reveal unconscious dynamics. In this article a psychoanalyst discusses his own psilocybin journey. Similarities and differences between these journeys are discussed. Possibilities are offered for a dialogue in which psilocybin may contribute to psychoanalytic understanding and psychoanalysis may contribute to the understanding of psychedelic sessions. Patients may benefit from this cross-fertilization.
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Schneider, Adam J. „“Making the Holy Obscene”: A Thematic Analysis of Freudian Psychoanalysis in the Catholic Press“. Integratus 2, Nr. 1 (März 2024): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/intg.2024.2.1.13.
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This study completed a thematic analysis of the U.S. Catholic newspapers in the Catholic News Archive to assess the characterization of psychoanalysis in the Catholic press. References to psychoanalysis in the Catholic press peaked in the 1960s and diminished starting in the 1970s, parallel to its rising popularity and later disappearance from the larger public landscape. The qualitative themes identified Catholic concerns about the presence of pansexuality (referring to the theory that sexuality is the sole explanation of all psychopathologies) and determinism in psychoanalytic theory and the overlapping territory between confession and psychoanalysis, but overall a clear desire for reconciliation between two anthropologies. The identified themes demonstrate the differences in how Catholicism and psychoanalysis conceptualize psychological suffering and the effective interventions to reduce the suffering. Contemporary psychoanalysts and Catholic theologians are encouraged to continue the historical collaborations to use each of their strengths to address the urgent needs of the Church and society.
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Wolff, Peter H. „The Irrelevance of Infant Observations for Psychoanalysis“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 44, Nr. 2 (April 1996): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519604400202.
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The current consensus among psychoanalysts holds that direct infant observations are one means for testing the developmental propositions of psychoanalytic theory; that the observations have already falsified some of the theory's basic propositions; and that they hold the key to a qualitatively different developmental theory of psychoanalysis. The consensus, although not universal, has motivated a wide range of research programs on early infancy, whose findings are commonly interpreted as disclosing psychoanalytic metapsychology and clinical theory in an entirely new light. This essay examines some of the assumptions that have motivated such investigations, as well as the research strategies by which the new versions of theory are promulgated. On the basis of these explorations it is concluded that psychoanalytically informed infant observations may be the source for new theories of social-emotional development, but that they are essentially irrelevant for psychoanalysis as a psychology of meanings, unconscious ideas, and hidden motives.
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Freer, Alexander. „Poetics contra Psychoanalysis“. Poetics Today 40, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 619–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7739057.
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This essay argues that psychoanalytic literary criticism has largely failed because it has assumed that literature and psychoanalysis share common analytical ground. It contends that psychoanalytic approaches necessarily deform literature, that literary readings deform psychoanalytic theory, and that the assumption of commonality between poetics and psychoanalysis causes psychoanalytic literary criticism to go astray. Advocating the opposite approach, the essay sets poetics against psychoanalysis, contending that where their mutual tension and disfigurement is recognized and investigated, psychoanalysis and literature can become genuinely available to one another.
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Karydaki, Danae. „Freud under the Acropolis: The challenging journey of psychoanalysis in 20th-century Greece (1915–1995)“. History of the Human Sciences 31, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2018): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118791719.
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Psychoanalysis was introduced to Greece in 1915 by the progressive educator Manolis Triantafyllidis and was further elaborated by Marie Bonaparte, Freud’s friend and member of the Greek royal family, and her psychoanalytic group in the aftermath of the Second World War. However, the accumulated traumas of the Nazi occupation (1941–1944), the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), the post-Civil-War tension between the Left and the Right, the military junta (1967–1974) and the social and political conditions of post-war Greece led this project and all attempts to establish psychoanalysis in Greece, to failure and dissolution. The restoration of democracy in 1974 and the rapid social changes it brought was a turning point in the history of Greek psychoanalysis: numerous psychoanalysts, who had trained abroad and returned after the fall of the dictatorship, were hired in the newly established Greek National Health Service (NHS), and contributed to the reform of Greek psychiatry by offering the option of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to the non-privileged. This article draws on a range of unexplored primary sources and oral history interview material, in order to provide the first systematic historical account in the English language of the complex relationship between psychoanalysis and Greek society, and the contribution of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to the creation of the Greek welfare state. In so doing, it not only attempts to fill a lacuna in the history of contemporary Greece, but also contributes to the broader historiography of psychotherapy and of Europe.
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Hassert, Derrick L. „Self and Others: Empirical and Neuropsychoanalytic Considerations of Superego and Conscience“. Psychoanalytic Review 110, Nr. 1 (März 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2023.110.1.1.
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Freud's mature theorizing about human morality entrenched the functioning of the superego in anxiety stemming from the fear of punishment, a view with which many later psychoanalysts took issue, producing a debate as to the distinction between superego and conscience. This debate would later be mirrored more broadly in academic psychology concerning distinctions between shame and guilt. This is an area where the clinical observations and theoretical discussions of psychoanalysis have subtly guided research in cognitive psychology and the cognitive and affective neurosciences. These areas, in turn, have both clarified and supported psychoanalytic theory and practice without negating the rich phenomenological and theoretical basis on which psychoanalysis rests.
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Kernberg, Otto F. „The Current Status of Psychoanalysis“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 41, Nr. 1 (März 1993): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519304100102.
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Presented here is an overview of current challenges and controversies regarding psychoanalysis as a science, competing psychoanalytic theories, convergent and divergent trends in psychoanalytic technique, psychoanalytic education, psychoanalysis as a profession. Among other issues stressed are the importance of the relation of psychoanalysis to the University, the research implications of competing theoretical and technical orientations, the need to reexamine the structure of psychoanalytic education, and the importance of international cross-fertilization in expanding the application of psychoanalysis to other fields.
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Elizaveta, Reshchikova. „Pastor or Psychoanalyst: Transformation of Religious Leadership in the Early 20th Century“. TECHNOLOGOS, Nr. 1 (2024): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2024.1.08.
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The article will look at the transformation of the sphere of religious leadership, which occurred under the influence of psychoanalytic theory and practice, as reflected in the texts of a Protestant pastor Oskar Pfister and a Jesuit professor Josef Donat – participants of the theological discussion about psychoanalysis in the 1930s. The relevance of the article mirrors the significance of the polemics around psychoanalytic theories within the major transformation of ideas about religious leadership that took place in the New Age. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a materialist view of human nature began to dominate public perception, principles of physiology were used to explain psychological processes, chemical and physical laws were applied to describe the “workings of the soul”. In this context, psychoanalysis, which explores the soul by “scientific” and heals it by “medical” methods, acquired great popularity. Christian pastoral care came to be criticized: a clergyman inspires awe by his very office, his activities are limited to the sphere of morality and religion, his answers are predictable and do not help to solve the problems that lie within the realm of the psyche. To turn to a doctor or a psychoanalyst, as one of the participants in this discussion writes, is “much less humiliating”: he is neutral, impartial, more natural, and humane. The psychoanalyst also seems to be more effective in dealing with issues that have traditionally been the responsibility of the clergy. This situation calls for a re-actualisation of Christian pastoral care and makes it necessary to form a certain attitude towards psychoanalysis - hence the emergence of a range of theological reactions to the psychoanalytic theory and method. The article aims to show how the field claimed by religious leadership is changing in the course of the theological debate on, and under the influence of, psychoanalysis. Oskar Pfister's work is an example of the reception of psychoanalysis, Josef Donat's book is an example of its critical interpretation, but both recognize the new anthropology (defined by Freud in a broad sense) and are forced to take pastoral care beyond the narrowly set boundaries of the religious and the moral.
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Grünbaum, Adolf. „Précis ofThe Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, Nr. 2 (Juni 1986): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00022287.
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AbstractThis book critically examines Freud's own detailed arguments for his major explanatory and therapeutic principles, the current neorevisionist versions of psychoanalysis, and the hermeneuticists' reconstruction of Freud's theory and therapy as an alternative to what they claim was a “scientistic” misconstrual of the psychoanalytic enterprise. The clinical case for Freud's cornerstone theory of repression – the claim that psychic conflict plays a causal role in producing neuroses, dreams, and bungled actions – turns out to be ill-founded for two main reasons: (a) Even if clinical data were valid, the method of free association has failed to support the psychoanalytic theory of unconscious motivation; (b) Clinical data tend in any case to be artifacts of the analyst's self-fulfilling expectations, thus losing much of their evidential value. The hypothesis that psychoanalytic treatment is in reality a placebo poses a serious challenge to the assumption that insight is a key causal factor when therapy is successful. This challenge has yet to be met by psychoanalysts. Similar conclusions undermine the neorevisionist versions of psychoanalysis. The most influential hermeneuticists, on the other hand, are shown to have imposed an alien philosophy on psychoanalysis, partly through their reliance on gross misconceptions of the natural sciences. Karl Popper's criticism of the Freudian corpus as empirically untestable has misjudged its evidential weaknesses, which are more subtle. If there exists empirical evidence for the principal psychoanalytic doctrines, it cannot be obtained without well-designed extraclinical studies of a kind that have for the most part yet to be attempted.
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Stepansky, Paul E. „Ascesa e declino dell'editoria psicoanalitica americana“. PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, Nr. 1 (Februar 2009): 9–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2009-001002.
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- The rise and fall of psychoanalytic book publishing in America is one sign of the progressive marginalization of psychoanalysis within American mental health care. The "glory era" of psychoanalytic book publishing, roughly the quarter century following the end of World War II, is described. This was the era when psychoanalyst-authors such as Karl Menninger, Erich Fromm, Erik Erikson, and Karen Horney published books of great commercial success. Cumulative sales data of noteworthy psychoanalytic books published in the United States over the past 70 years are reported, and document the continuous decline in sales since the 1970s. In accounting for the recent acceleration of this decline, Stepansky focuses on the internal fragmentation of a once cohesive profession into rival schools with sectarian features, each committed to a self-limited reading agenda. Stepansky discusses these issues from his vantage point as Managing Director of The Analytic Press from 1984-2006. [KEY WORDS: American psychoanalysis, publishing, books, fractionation, marginalization]
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McIvor, David W. „Clad in mourning: psychoanalysis and race in contemporary America“. Journal of Psychosocial Studies 13, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/147867320x15803492699268.
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What is the value of psychoanalysis for the theorising of race in our contemporary moment? This article explores this question by engaging with theories of Afropessimism, which criticise the therapeutic ethic that traverses the wide variety of psychoanalytic approaches. Afropessimists accuse psychoanalysis of perpetuating a racialised partition in the social order complicit with ‘anti-Blackness’. While stopping short of these conclusions, I argue that psychoanalysts and social theorists need to countenance the possibilities that even their ‘race-conscious’ work might carry assumptions that are ‘anti-Black’. In doing so I will argue that attempts to mourn the traumas and losses associated with race have to find ways to account for the structural positioning of particular racialised bodies.
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Butsykin, Yehor. „Phenomenological justification of psychoanalysis“. Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, Nr. 3 (07.09.2021): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.03.149.
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The article is a preliminary sketch of the phenomenological description of the experience of psychoanalysis, in order to phenomenologically justify the fundamental psychoanalytic concepts and phenomena. The phase structure experience of the psychoanalysis is considered, namely: analyst’s anxiety, psychoanalytic reduction, psychoanalytic analysis and interpretation. In addition, the first part of the article is devoted to the main aspects of logical-phenomenological critique of psychoanalysis. First of all, the critique of the associative, mechanistic, speculative theory of psychoanalytic practice that its phenomenological inadequacy leads to a gap between psychoanalytic theory and practice. This fact is especially emphasized in the phenomenological psychology of Arthur Kronfeld and the Daseinanalysis of Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss. Hence, the article is an attempt to outline another way to bridge this gap, by phenomenological justification of the experience of psychoanalysis.
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Vivona, Jeanine M. „From Developmental Metaphor To Developmental Model: The Shrinking Role of Language in the Talking Cure“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 54, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 877–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651060540031501.
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Psychoanalysts have invoked infant development diversely to understand nonverbal and unspoken aspects of lived experience. Two uses of developmental notions and their implications for understanding language and the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis are juxtaposed here: Hans Loewald's conception of developmental metaphors to illuminate ineffable aspects of the clinical situation and Daniel Stern's currently popular developmental model, which draws on findings from quantitative research to explain therapeutic action in the nonverbal realm. Loewald's metaphorical use of early development identifies and thus potentiates a central role for language in psychoanalytic treatment. By contrast, Stern and his colleagues exaggerate the abstract, orderly, and disembodied qualities of language, and consequently underestimate the degree to which lived interpersonal experience can be meaningfully verbalized, as demonstrated here with illustrations from published clinical material. As contemporary psychoanalysis moves toward embracing developmental models such as Stern's, it is concluded, psychoanalysts accept a shrinking role for language in the talking cure.
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Kirsner, Douglas. „Saving Psychoanalysts: Ernest Jones and the Isakowers“. Psychoanalysis and History 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2007.9.1.83.
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This article examines the role played by Ernest Jones in saving psychoanalysts from Germany and Austria during the 1930s, and, in particular, in the case of Drs Otto and Salomea Isakower from Vienna. Archives from the Library of Congress and the British Psychoanalytical Society are used to document how Jones navigated the considerable difficulties presented in both Europe and London as well as by colleagues and was able to help the Isakowers emigrate to Liverpool where they worked and began the ‘North of England’ training group with others and emigrated to the USA in 1940. As President of the International Psychoanalytical Association and of the British Psychoanalytical Society, Jones had responsibilities with psychoanalyst refugees, which he performed with care, commitment and political competence. Although Jones did not succeed in saving psychoanalysis in Europe, he played a crucial role in saving psychoanalysts. He helped to spread the world-wide standing and influence of psychoanalysis.
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Bers, Susan A. „Learning About Psychoanalysis Combined With Medication: A Nonphysician's pErspective“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 54, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 805–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651060540030301.
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When medication is at play in an analysis, the nonphysician candidate or psychoanalyst faces conceptual and practical challenges, as well as countertransference risks and opportunities. A psychologist psychoanalytic candidate describes the treatment of an analysand who underwent a gradual uncovering and worsening of obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms; at twenty-one months, the analysand introduced the topic of medication. These developments brought to light transference and countertransference themes connected to the analyst's status as a nonphysician candidate; conceptual and practical uncertainties about medication in the context of psychoanalysis; the complex meanings of, and indications for, medication in this case; and the ramifications of a nonphysician candidate's referring a patient to a psychiatrist psychoanalyst for medication while being supervised by another psychiatrist psychoanalyst.
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Weitzenkorn, Rachel. „Boundaries of reasoning in cases: The visual psychoanalysis of René Spitz“. History of the Human Sciences 33, Nr. 3-4 (01.09.2020): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695120908491.
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This article argues that the foundational separation between psychoanalysis and experimental psychology was challenged in important ways by psychoanalytic infant researchers. Through a close examination of American psychoanalyst René Spitz (1887–1974), it extends John Forrester’s conception of reasoning in cases outside classic psychoanalytic practices. Specifically, the article interrogates the foundations of reasoning in cases—the individual, language, and the doctor–patient relationship—to show how these are reimagined in relation to the structures of American developmental psychology. The article argues that the staunch separation of experimental psychology and psychoanalysis, reiterated by philosophers and historians of psychology, is flimsy at best—and, conversely, that the maintenance of these boundaries enabled the production of a cinematic case study. Spitz created films that used little language and took place outside the consulting room with institutionalized infants. Yet key aspects of the psychoanalytic case, as put forth by John Forrester, were depicted visually. These visual displays of transference, failure, and interpersonal emotions highlight the foundations of what Forrester means by reasoning in cases. The article concludes that Spitz failed at creating classic psychoanalytic evidence, but in so doing stretched the epistemology of the case.
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Czander, William, Lawrence Jacobsberg, Rose Redding Mersky und Henry Nunberg. „Analysis of a successful consultative effort from four psychoanalytic perspectives“. Journal of Managerial Psychology 17, Nr. 5 (01.08.2002): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940210432619.
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Four psychoanalytic consultants, each utilizing one the most prevalent theoretical orientations used in the field of psychoanalytic consulting are asked to explain why a consultation succeeded. Using differing theories the four psychoanalysts reach the same conclusion. They conclude the consultation succeeded because of the consultants ability to manage and benefit from the intense transference reactions of the organization’s staff. These analysts suggest that the work of psychoanalytic consulting may be much more similar to the work of clinical psychoanalysis than previously assumed and that the key to understanding why a consultation succeeds or fails can be found in the analysis of the transferences in the relationship between the consultant and consultees.
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Dehli, Martin. „SHAPING HISTORY: ALEXANDER MITSCHERLICH AND GERMAN PSYCHOANALYSIS AFTER 1945“. Psychoanalysis and History 11, Nr. 1 (Januar 2009): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1460823508000287.
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German post-war psychoanalysis was marked for many years by a strong narrative that assured its professional identity: psychoanalysis in Germany had been liquidated by National Socialism and had been rebuilt from scratch after 1945. The psychoanalyst Alexander Mitscherlich was both an integral part of this narrative and its most important propagator. The author analyses the genesis of this narrative, its moral and political function and finally its demise. In doing so he gives a short account of the first years of the reconstruction of psychoanalytic life in Germany after 1945. He draws on new research on Alexander Mitscherlich to describe his relationship with organized psychoanalysis. He explains why the biography of Mitscherlich and the history of German post-war analysis became interrelated to the point where both provided an integral part of each other's self-understanding. Finally, he documents how the narrative was gradually deconstructed after the death of Mitscherlich in 1982.
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Katz, Maya Balakirsky. „An Occupational Neurosis: A Psychoanalytic Case History of a Rabbi“. AJS Review 34, Nr. 1 (April 2010): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009410000280.
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In consultation with Sigmund Freud, the Viennese psychoanalyst Wilhelm Stekel (1868–1940) treated the first Jewish cleric known to undergo analysis, in 1903. According to the case history, published in 1908, a forty-two-year-old rabbi suffered from aBerufsneurose, an occupational neurosis associated with the pressures of his career. Stekel's case history forms an indelible portrait of a religious patient who submitted himself to the highly experimental treatment of psychoanalysis in the early years of the discipline. However, scholars never integrated the rabbi's case into the social history of psychoanalysis, more as a consequence of Freud's professional disparagement of Stekel than of the case history's original reception. Psychoanalytic historiography has largely dismissed Stekel's legacy, resulting in a lack of serious scholarly consideration of his prodigious publications compared to the attention paid to the work of some of Freud's other disciples. Stekel's most recent biographers, however, credit him as the “unsung populariser of psychoanalysis,” and claim that he is due for reconsideration. But in his published case history of the rabbi, Stekel also warrants introduction to the field of Jewish studies, not only because of the literary treatment of the rabbinical profession by a secular Jewish psychoanalyst, but also because the rabbi incorporated aspects of that experience into his own intellectual framework after treatment.
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Hoffmann, Klaus. „The Development of Clinical Psychoanalytic Practice with Psychotic Patients“. Psychoanalysis and History 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 2002): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2002.4.1.21.
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The psychoanalysis of psychoses began nearly as early as the psychoanalysis of neuroses, but has always had problems to be acknowledged by psychiatrists as well as by psychoanalysts. In Zurich, Jung, Abraham and Binswanger started to treat psychotic inpatients with psychoanalysis, first with quick genetic interpretations. Binswanger later changed this approach in his own sanatorium in Kreuzlingen. Landauer favoured the ‘passive analysis’ which Fromm-Reichmann developed into her ‘Intensive Psychotherapy’ later in her sanatorium near Washington, DC. Group analysis and the therapeutic community approach deepened the psychoanalysis of psychoses which today is a multi-professional approach performed by psychoanalysts, nurses and other therapeutic staff members.
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Berghout, Caspar C., Jolien Zevalkink und Leona Hakkaart-van Roijen. „A cost-utility analysis of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy“. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 26, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990791.
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Objectives: Despite the considerable and growing body of research about the clinical effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic treatment, relatively little attention has been paid to economic evaluations, particularly with reference to the broader range of societal effects. In this cost-utility study, we examined the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Methods: Incremental costs and effects were estimated by means of cross-sectional measurements in a cohort design (psychoanalysis, n = 78; psychoanalytic psychotherapy, n = 104). Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated for each treatment strategy using the SF-6D. Total costs were calculated from a societal perspective (treatment costs plus other societal costs) and discounted at 4 percent.Results: Psychoanalysis was more costly than psychoanalytic psychotherapy, but also more effective from a health-related quality of life perspective. The ICER—that is, the extra costs to gain one additional QALY by delivering psychoanalysis instead of psychoanalytic psychotherapy—was estimated at €52,384 per QALY gained.Conclusions: Our findings show that the cost-utility ratio of psychoanalysis relative to psychoanalytic psychotherapy is within an acceptable range. More research is needed to find out whether cost-utility ratios vary with different types of patients. We also encourage cost-utility analyses comparing psychoanalytic treatment to other forms of (long-term) treatment.
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Bulamah, Lucas Charafeddine, und Daniel Kupermann. „Notas para uma história de discriminação no movimento psicanalítico (Notes for a history of discrimination in the psychoanalytic movement)“. Estudos da Língua(gem) 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2013): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v11i1.1218.
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A questão do psicanalista homossexual ainda se mantém imersa em constrangimento e negação, remontando aos primeiros anos da psicanálise organizada como instituição e como movimento em expansão global. O presente trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa em arquivos, relatos e artigos publicados, percorre os principais momentos da história do movimento psicanalítico relacionados à proscrição de candidatos homossexuais masculinos à formação em psicanálise oferecida pela Associação Psicanalítica Internacional (IPA). Com o intento de levantar o véu de uma prática que durante muito tempo se manteve desconhecida ou ignorada, pretende-se oferecer material para reflexões mais conscienciosas sobre procedimentos e instituições psicanalíticas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História da Psicanálise. Homossexualidade. Homofobia.
ABSTRACT The issue of homosexual psychoanalysts is still immersed in embarrassment and denial, dating back to the first years of psychoanalysis organized as an institution and global-wide movement. The present work, through a research in archives, reports and published articles, covers the main moments of the history of the psychoanalytic movement that concern the proscription of homosexual candidates to the psychoanalytic training offered by the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA). Aiming to raise the veil of a practice that for a long time remained unknown or ignored, it is intended to offer means for more conscientious reflections about psychoanalytic procedures and institutions.KEYWORDS: History of Psychoanalysis. Homosexuality. Homophobia
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Schmidt, Erika S. „The Berlin Tradition in Chicago: Franz Alexander and the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis“. Psychoanalysis and History 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1460823509000555.
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Freud considered Franz Alexander, the first graduate of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and an assistant in the Berlin Polyclinic, to be ‘one of our strongest hopes for the future’. Alexander went on to become the first director of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis in 1932 and modeled some of the Chicago Institute's mission on his Berlin experiences. He was also a researcher in psychosomatic medicine, a prolific writer about psychoanalysis and prominent in psychoanalytic organizations. As he proposed modifications in psychoanalytic technique, he became a controversial figure, especially in the elaboration of his ideas about brief therapy and the corrective emotional experience. This paper puts Alexander's achievements in historical context, draws connections between the Berlin and Chicago Institutes and suggests that, despite his quarrels with traditional psychoanalysis, Alexander's legacy may be in his attitude towards psychoanalysis, characterized by a commitment to scientific study, a willingness to experiment, and a conviction about the role of psychoanalysis within the larger culture.
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De Jonghe, F., P. Rijnierse und R. Janssen. „The Role of Support in Psychoanalysis“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, Nr. 2 (April 1992): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000208.
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A two-factor theory of clinical psychoanalysis is proposed. In accordance with the predominant position of the structural-adaptational (“classical”) approach in psychoanalytic theory, the power of interpretation and insight in clinical psychoanalysis has received ample attention in psychoanalytic literature. There seems, however, to be a growing awareness among analysts that not all the facts of an analytic treatment can be accounted for by this approach alone. A second factor is increasingly recognized: the power of adequate support provided by the analyst and resulting in a specific experience by the analysand. In the application of the developmental (“postclassical”) approach of psychoanalytic theory, the importance of this support-experience factor in the treatment of ordinary neurosis by means of ordinary psychoanalysis is emphasized. The relative neglect of this aspect of clinical psychoanalysis may be indicative of the present-day dilemma of how to translate advances in theoretical knowledge of mental development into the therapeutic praxis of psychoanalysis. There may, however, be another important reason. Support and experience are phenomena often occurring on the nonverbal level. In contrast to interpretation and insight, they are usually not voiced, let alone distinctly and loudly expressed. They are the silent power of psychoanalysis.
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Morris, Humphrey. „America’s Lacan AprÈs Coup“. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 71, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2023): 795–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651231213015.
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Lacan’s effect in America was dramatic but limited following his 1975 visit. His polemic with ego psychology in Écrits radically changed the way literary critics, notably feminist critics, thought about psychoanalysis, while in those same years—the 1970s and 1980s—American psychoanalysts, taken up with their own reactions to ego psychology, paid him little attention. Yet après coup, looking back at that period, Lacan can be counted among those who contributed importantly to a major shift in our conception of psychoanalytic process: our contemporary sense of acts of reading—including clinical listening—as acts in themselves, rather than as steps toward the interpretive determination of hidden meaning. In acts of reading inspired by Lacan, feminist critics helped free Freud’s theory of disavowal from its origins in the male anxieties of the castration complex. Speaking as the disavowed “others” of psychoanalysis, Lacan’s feminist readers also went beyond him in moving psychoanalysis toward acknowledgment of questions of social and historical reality, including its own. Regarding this evolution, it can be speculated that hidden behind the bitterness of the split in the 1950s and 1960s between Lacan and the once European, now American ego psychologists can be found an unconscious agreement. On both sides of the Atlantic, psychoanalysis had had its reasons, if different reasons, to disavow for years the ways it was implicated in the unspeakable trauma of recent European history.
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G. E. Kelly, Mark. „Foucault On Psychoanalysis: Missed Encounter or Gordian Knot?“ Foucault Studies 1, Nr. 28 (27.09.2020): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/fs.v1i28.6075.
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Foucault’s remarks concerning psychoanalysis are ambivalent and even prima facie contra-dictory, at times lauding Freud and Lacan as anti-humanists, at others being severely criti-cal of their imbrication within psychiatric power. This has allowed a profusion of interpretations of his position, between so-called ‘Freudo-Foucauldians’ at one extreme and Foucauldians who condemn psychoanalysis as such at the other. In this article, I begin by surveying Foucault’s biographical and theoretical relationship to psychoanalysis and the sec-ondary scholarship on this relationship to date. I pay particular attention to the discussion of the relationship in feminist scholarship and queer theory, and that by psychoanalytic thinkers, as well as attending to the particular focus in the secondary literature on Fou-cault’s late work and his relationship to the figure of Jacques Lacan. I conclude that Fou-cault’s attitude to psychoanalysis varies with context, and that some of his criticisms of psychoanalysis in part reflect an ignorance of the variety of psychoanalytic thought, partic-ularly in its Lacanian form. I thus argue that Foucault sometimes tended to overestimate the extent of the incompatibility of his approach with psychoanalytic ones and that there is ultimately no serious incompatibility there. Rather, psychoanalysis represents a substantively different mode of inquiry to Foucault’s work, which is neither straightforwardly ex-clusive nor inclusive of psychoanalytic insights.
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Berghout, Caspar C., Jolien Zevalkink, Abraham N. J. Pieters und Gregory J. Meyer. „Rorschach-CS Scores of Six Groups of Patients“. Rorschachiana 34, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 24–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000039.
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In this study we used a quasiexperimental, cross-sectional design with six cohorts differing in phase of treatment (pretreatment, posttreatment, 2-year posttreatment) and treatment type (psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy) and investigated scores on 39 Rorschach-CS variables. The total sample consisted of 176 participants from four mental health care organizations in The Netherlands. We first examined pretreatment differences between patients entering psychoanalysis and patients entering psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The two treatment groups did not seem to differ substantially before treatment, with the exception of the level of ideational problems. Next, we studied the outcome of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy by comparing the Rorschach-CS scores of the six groups of patients. In general, we found significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment on a relatively small number of Rorschach-CS variables. More pre/post differences were found between the psychoanalytic psychotherapy groups than between the psychoanalysis groups. More research is needed to examine whether analyzing clusters of variables might reveal other results.
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Nelin, Ievgen. „THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECT RELATIONS IN THE IDEAS OF PSYCHOANALYSTS OF THE «INDEPENDENT» GROUP“. Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, Nr. 203 (März 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-203-103-107.
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The article reveals the key ideas of psychoanalysts of the «independent» group of the British Psychoanalytic Association. To date, the framework of the modern anthropological system consists of psychoanalytic theories of personality development. In addition to the orthodox (classical) psychoanalysis of S. Freud, individual psychology of A. Adler and analytical psychology of Jung, an important place in the system of psychoanalytic directions is occupied by the theory of object relations - psychoanalytic current, which is based on the idea that as much the satisfaction of internal urges, as Freud argued, as the successful search and establishment of relationships with others. However, in addition to the work of M. Klein and the followers of her scientific and practical school, the creative work of other representatives of British psychoanalysis remains little studied for Ukrainian science. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of literary sources the main principles of psychoanalytic pedagogy within the theory of object relations are revealed. The main features of the theory of object relations, around which the representatives of the «independent» group gathered, have been identified. Emphasis is placed on the common and different views of British psychoanalysts on the formation of the child's personality, as well as criticism of the ideas of classical psychoanalysis. In particular, it is proved that the representatives of the «independent» group departed from the classical Freudian idea of the dominant influence of the Oedipus complex and the rigid «Super Ego» on the formation of personality. It is proved that the representatives of the «independent» group adhered to three common ideas: 1) each person from birth seeks to object relations, rather than to meet needs; 2) the interaction of the newborn with the outside world, especially in the dyad with the mother, has a decisive influence on the evolution of his inner world, which is considered through the prism of introjected inner objects; 3) a person's attitude to external objects is determined by imaginary internal object relations, which were formed in the child's psyche at an early age. It was concluded that the activities of analysts of the «independent» group focused on the problems of interpersonal communication, the child's interaction with parents at an early age, as well as the problems of identification and self-perception. Prospects for further research are planned in revealing the peculiarities of the work of Balint’s groups and the organization of scientific and practical measures for the prevention of pedagogical burnout.
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Kechur, Roman, Olha Yaskevych und Khrystyna Turezka. „PSYCHOANALYTIC MANNER AND ITS RELATION TO THE LITERATURE“. PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, Nr. 5 (31.05.2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.5.8.
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This research continues the methodological discussion between psychoanalytically-oriented therapists and their colleagues, who understand the point, the process and the influence of psychotherapy through a CBT-oriented lens. The central point of research is the question of connections between psychoanalysis and literature, or even, of psychoanalysis itself as a kind of literature. The key features of a psychoanalysts mode of thinking is to be found in the plane of aesthetics. It is proposed, that, unlike a CB-therapist, who mainly goes by the rational principles of cognition, a psychoanalyst is prone to experience the reality of psychotherapy in terms of literary aesthetics, and their attempts to verbalize their understanding of the patient is based on a literary perspective. There exists certain similarity between a writers work, as he tries to embody an imaginary character onto a page, and an analysts work, as he tries to incorporate his analytic intuition into a psychodynamic hypothesis and create a psychological portrait of the patient. Thus, the article is focused on the empirical exploration of therapeutic texts, made by therapists based on viewing an unstructured first-session interview, executed by therapists with different levels of psychotherapeutic education, experience and predisposition to psychoanalytic thinking. (For measuring said predisposition an adaptation of the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale(CPPS) has been carried out, its inner coherence and diagnostic validity have been established. The results of simultaneous independent criterion-based analysis of the produced texts by literary experts and psychoanalytic supervisors have shown, that the literary aesthetic is an a priory feature of the descriptions of psychoanalysts, and the more so, the higher the analysts therapeutic quality. This does not so much concern the artistic value of the descriptions, but the artistic taste: the ability to distinguish kitsch and artistic form, and the ability to integrate them into new gestalts on basis of sensual harmony. Thus, the evidence supports the claim, that artistic taste is a fundamental feature of a psychoanalysts therapeutic cognition. It is particularly the aesthetic ability of the analyst, which allows for the specific non-goal-oriented approach to his therapeutic influence, which gives room to the development of the true Self according to Winnicott, and further separates the therapeutic process from the goal-oriented therapeutic learning. Thus it is concluded, that the analytic process from the position of aesthetics may fall under the risk of devolving into forms of kitsch practices.
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Kernberg, Otto F. „Extensions of Psychoanalytic Technique: The Mutual Influences of Standard Psychoanalysis and Transference-Focused Psychotherapy“. Psychodynamic Psychiatry 49, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2021): 506–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2021.49.4.506.
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The author describes the differences between standard psychoanalysis and transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) and reviews particular difficulties that psychodynamically trained clinicians have in learning TFP. In delineating differences between standard psychoanalysis and TFP, the author discusses mutual influences between standard psychoanalytic techniques and techniques of TFP. TFP is an extension and modification of standard psychoanalysis, but with quantitative modifications geared to the treatment of the most severe segment of personality disorders that tend not to be treatable by standard analysis. TFP includes some features that are directly facilitated by psychoanalytic education, such as the importance of free association and the organization of interpretations in terms of the analysis of defense, motivation, and impulse. On the other hand, TFP provides new strategies, enhancing standard psychoanalytic treatment, when it modifies technical neutrality under certain circumstances, allows for the analysis of “incompatible realities,” and accelerates interventions under conditions of severe acting out when technical neutrality is not possible to maintain. The author demonstrates the advantages of systematic training in TFP within psychoanalytic institutes as a true enrichment of technical training. He proposes that psychoanalysis as a profession consists of a broad spectrum of treatment approaches based upon the combined utilization of psychoanalytic techniques, with specific modifications to be organized in specific forms of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. TFP may be the closest modification to standard psychoanalysis proper and is clearly defined and manualized. This has permitted empirical research that has already demonstrated the effectiveness of TFP.
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Gerzi, Shmuel. „The Clinical Importance of Change into a Process of Transformation“. Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 12, Nr. 1 (01.06.2019): 39–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2019-0004.
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Abstract Many psychoanalysts underline the transition in contemporary Psychoanalysis from conceptualization in terms of structures to greater emphasis on process and movement. This paper proposes an option of describing and interpreting the chronicle of psychoanalytic treatment through the prism of the processes of transformation. A case study is presented that illustrates the transformation of an analysand from motionless impasse towards a different state, one of constant transformative movement. The author argues that such transformation can occur when the analyst undergoes an internal transformative oriented transformation first.
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Whitebook, Joel. „The Problem of Constructivism in Psychoanalysis: A Winnicottian Perspective“. American Imago 81, Nr. 1 (März 2024): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aim.2024.a923504.
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Abstract: While this article begins by noting the positive role that constructivism has played in the development of psychoanalytic theory over the past 50 years, it also points to the limitations of the approach and argues they must be corrected. For at the same time as constructivism’s criticisms of biologism and essentialism have provided powerful weapons for combating psychoanalytic conservatism, an exclusively constructivist approach has also made it difficult, if not impossible, to address an essential issue for psychoanalysts: namely, the normative basis of the enterprise and the goal(s) of development and treatment. The author claims that Winnicott’s theory provides a way out of this difficulty. For although Winnicott is often construed as a strict constructivist owing to his introduction of the notion of the environment, it is argued that his concept of “inherited potential” retains biological foundation for psychoanalysis while avoiding the dangers of essentialism.