Dissertationen: „Psuchology and personal autonomy“

1

Dey, Jayashree. „Elderly people in Darjeeling hills and their quality of life“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4784.

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2

Beaver, Anthony R. „Personal autonomy through education“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13356/.

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The concept of personal autonomy as an educational ideal is analysed from its etymological roots of autos and nomos. The autos is shown to be most closely associated with authenticity and this concept is explored from existentialist roots. Authenticity's points of contact with reason are examined and the authentic individual is shown to be a deep, reflective evaluator of his own motives but existentialist radical choice of self is shown to be essentially incoherent. The nomos is linked to reason and the criteria it picks out. The limits upon reason are considered but its significance to personal autonomy is shown to be considerable; reason is argued to embrace feeling and a dimension of practical reason. The adjective, personal, is not redundant within personal autonomy as an educational ideal and is held to have significant moral implications for autonomy. A Millian analysis of the 'endowment' of a person is considered and perspectives from both developmental psychology and an ancient tradition embracing persons and virtues are shown to relate to autonomy. The second part of the thesis considers the relationship of personal autonomy to three related concepts in education: authority, freedom and paternalism and points of contact are clarified. The final part examines a place for personal autonomy within educational activities in schools. It is argued that personal autonomy should be exercised in school- based education as its exercise is the only sure way to develop it. Therefore a perspective of education as a series of practices in which the learner should be enabled to engage exercising a measure of personal autonomy is the theme of the final part. However, the purpose of the thesis is a clarification of fundamentals; it does not purport to present a curriculum for personal autonomy.

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3

Vice, Samantha Wynne. „Personal autonomy : philosophy and literature“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002853.

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Gerald Dworkin's influential account of Personal Autonomy offers the following two conditions for autonomy: (i) Authenticity - the condition that one identify with one's beliefs, desires and values after a process of critical reflection, and (ii) Procedural Independence - the identification in (i) must not be "influenced in ways which make the process of identification in some way alien to the individual" (Dworkin 1989:61). I argue in this thesis that there are cases which fulfil both of Dworkin's conditions, yet are clearly not cases of autonomy. Specifically, I argue that we can best assess the adequacy of Dworkin's account of autonomy through literature, because it provides a unique medium for testing his account on the very terms he sets up for himself - ie. that autonomy apply to, and make sense of, persons leading lives of a certain quality. The examination of two novels - Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day and Henry James's The Portrait of a Lady - shows that Dworkin's explanation of identification and critical reflection is inadequate for capturing their role in autonomy and that he does not pay enough attention to the role of external factors in preventing or supporting autonomy. As an alternative, I offer the following two conditions for autonomy: (i) critical reflection of a certain kind - radical reflection, and (ii) the ability to translate the results of (i) into action - competence. The novels demonstrate that both conditions are dependent upon considerations of the content of one's beliefs, desires, values etc. Certain of these will prevent or hinder the achievement of autonomy because of their content, so autonomy must be understood in relation to substantial considerations, rather than in purely formal terms, as Dworkin argues.

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4

Ahmed, Farrah. „Religious autonomy and the personal law system“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8d532c3-be53-4823-ba9d-bb78a9aaefcc.

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This thesis examines the Indian system of personal laws (‘the PLS’), under which the state applies a version of religious doctrine to the family matters of citizens whom it identifies as belonging to different religious groups. There has been a lengthy and persistent debate over the PLS, particularly in relation to its discriminatory effects upon women. However, another problem with the PLS has been little commented-upon. Supporters of the PLS emphasise its positive impact on religious freedom to such an extent that there is a pervasive assumption that the PLS is, indeed, good for religious freedom. But there has been surprisingly little critical assessment of the truth of this claim in either academic or political debates. This thesis, a work of applied normative legal theory, attempts to fill this important gap in the literature on the PLS. The thesis addresses the question of how the PLS affects one conception of religious freedom, namely religious autonomy. Its principal findings are that the PLS interferes with the religious autonomy of those subject to it by affecting their religious options (by interfering with their freedom from religion and their freedom to practice religion) and by harming their self-respect (by discriminating on the grounds of sex and religion, and by misrecognising their religious identities). Furthermore, the thesis finds that the PLS cannot be defended in the name of religious autonomy based on the possibility of exit from the system, the advantage of having the ‘option of personal law’, the power it gives people to bind their future selves, the expressive potential of the personal laws, the contribution it makes to membership in a religious community, the contribution it makes to religious group autonomy, or the recognition or validation it provides for religious identities. These conclusions imply that concerns relating to religious autonomy constitute an important set of objections to the PLS. The thesis then considers several reform proposals, including certain modifications of the PLS, a move towards a millet system, ‘internal’ reform of individual personal laws and the introduction of a Uniform Civil Code. It particularly focusses on one reform possibility – religious alternative dispute resolution – which has not been considered closely in the Indian context.

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5

Paphitis, Sharli Anne. „Control and authenticity: reflections on personal autonomy“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002847.

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Currently the most influential accounts of personal autonomy, at least in the Englishspeaking world, focus on providing conditions under which agents can be said to exercise self-control. Two distinct accounts of personal autonomy have emerged in this tradition: firstly, hierarchical models grounded in the work of Harry Frankfurt; and secondly, systems division models most famously articulated by Gary Watson. In this thesis I show the inadequacies of both of these models by exploring the problematic views of the self and self-control underlying each model. I will suggest that the problems faced by these models stem from the fact that they endorse a problematic fragmentation of the self. I suggest that a Nietzschean account of personal autonomy is able to avoid these problems. The Nietzschean account can largely, I show, be drawn from Nietzsche’s understanding of both the ‘man of ressentiment’ and his opposite, the sovereign individual. On this picture wholeness of self – rather than fragmentation of the self – is required in order for us to be most fully autonomous. Furthermore, this wholeness of self requires the kind of integrity which is opposed to the problematic fragmentation endorsed by Frankfurt and Watson.

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Thomas, Brian Boxill Bernard R. „The racialized self empowerment, self-respect, and personal autonomy /“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,622.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy." Discipline: Philosophy; Department/School: Philosophy.

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7

Ahlin, Jesper. „Personal Autonomy and Informed Consent : Conceptual and Normative Analyses“. Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212300.

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This licentiate thesis is comprised of a “kappa” and two articles. The kappa includes an account of personal autonomy and informed consent, an explanation of how the concepts and articles relate to each other, and a summary in Swedish. Article 1 treats one problem with the argument that a patient’s consent to treatment is valid only if it is authentic, i.e., if it is “genuine,” “truly her own,” “not out of character,” or similar. As interventions with a patient’s life and liberties must be justified, the argument presupposes that the authenticity of desires can be reliably determined. If the status of a desire in terms of authenticity cannot be reliably determined, discarding the desire-holder’s treatment decision on the basis that it is inauthentic is morally unjustified. In the article, I argue that no theory of authenticity that is present in the relevant literature can render reliably observable consequences. Therefore, the concept of authenticity, as it is understood in those theories, should not be part of informed consent practices. Article 2 discusses the problem of what it is to consent or refuse voluntarily. In it, I argue that voluntariness should be more narrowly understood than what is common. My main point is that a conceptualization of voluntariness should be agent-centered, i.e., take into account the agent’s view of her actions. Among other things, I argue that an action is non-voluntary only if the agent thinks of it as such when being coerced. This notion, which at first look may seem uncontroversial, entails the counterintuitive conclusion that an action can be voluntary although the agent has been manipulated or coerced into doing it. In defense of the notion, I argue that if the agent’s point of view is not considered accordingly, describing her actions as non-voluntary can be alien to how she leads her life. There are other moral concepts available to describe what is wrong with manipulation and coercion, i.e., to make sense of the counterintuitive conclusion. Voluntariness should be reserved to fewer cases than what is commonly assumed.

QC 20170821

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Hajin, Mona. „Seeking Personal Autonomy Through the Use of Facebook in Iran“. Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89767.

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In Iran, where males and females are kept separated in different spheres, Facebook may be used as an opportunity to bridge this gap between the genders. However, this study showed that Facebook, as a nonymous platform in which people are in contact with their already-made social ties, didn’t seem to be liberating from the existing norms and rules within society. Facebook was a stage that became restricted with the involvement of social ties. The study’s analysis of interviews with six young Iranians showed that social meanings and norms of self-presentation on Facebook are defined to a large degree in terms of gender. The informants used a variety of strategies when presenting themselves on Facebook. They used Facebook simply for gaining personal autonomy. Strategies were adopted especially when one’s personal and community needs were in conflict. Efforts made to apply strategies were gendered and were used mainly by females. Males conformed to and women resisted societal norms and expectations.

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Apperley, Alan Robert. „Personal autonomy and health policy : some considerations in political theory“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/37880/.

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This thesis examines some of the implications for social policy of an account of human nature frequently associated with liberal political theory. Taking as its starting point the claim that the objectives of social policy are contested, it seeks to develop an account of autonomy that will serve as a neutral 'organizational principle' around which to construct social policy. A particular version of personal autonomy is developed and defended against both abstract Kantian moral autonomy, and the individualism often associated with liberal theories. This project is pursued first through a discussion of the relationship of autonomous persons to 'social forms', and then through a critique of libertarian and 'intellectualist' accounts of autonomy. It is argued that, since autonomy is not only employed in the making of choices, but also in the implementing of those choices, it follows that the autonomous person must, of necessity, be viewed 'holistically' for the body is the primary means of implementing the choices autonomous persons make. The health of the body, as well as that of the mind, therefore assumes importance for any social policy that takes autonomy to be a fundamental objective. The implications for such an account of social policy are then explored in two ways. First, through a discussion of the phenomenon of 'medicalization'. Second, through a discussion of the Prevention and Health campaign. In the first instance, it is argued that the assumption that medicalization systematically undermines autonomy is ill-founded because theories of medicalization misunderstand what it is to be autonomous. In the second instance, the discussion of preventive health-care policy serves to illustrate the fundamentally erroneous assumptions of individually-focussed health-care programmes. In conclusion, it is argued that a unified account of autonomous persons must inevitably lead to a more integrated social policy.

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Werhun, Wojciech Sebastian. „Autonomy and authenticity: Joseph's personal journey towards freedom and truth“. Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108459.

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Thesis advisor: Andrew R. Davis
Thesis advisor: Richard J. Clifford
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology

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Boyd, Tamar Mary. „Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, and Personal Growth Initiative Among Postpartum Women“. ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2792.

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Prior research on maternal postpartum care, the transition to motherhood, pelvic floor dysfunction, and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has revealed that postpartum women are often denied the basic information, instruction, and preventive strategies necessary for optimal postbirth rehabilitation and psychological well-being. Employing a dual framework of self-determination theory and personal growth initiative (PGI) theory, this quantitative study utilized a cross-sectional design to investigate if autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction predicted PGI in postpartum women. Differences in autonomy, competence, relatedness, and PGI between PFMT practicing and nonpracticing postpartum women were also examined. A web-based survey method was employed to collect data from 229 postpartum women, which consisted of 121 women not practicing PFMT and 108 women practicing PFMT. The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale measured autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The PGI Scale-II measured PGI. Standard multiple regression and 4 independent-samples t tests were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that autonomy, competence, and relatedness predicted PGI. There were no significant mean differences between PFMT practicing and nonpracticing women. These findings have implications for positive social change such that the medical community and policy makers can utilize the fulfillment of postpartum women's needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness to improve women's odds for optimal adjustment and adaptation to life after childbirth.

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Dayan, Michael Oved. „Privacy boundaries : stories of protecting personal autonomy in the information age“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85147.

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In 1890, lawyers Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis conceived of a "sacred" right, the right to "be let alone." They argued for this right as a measure of "retreat from the world" for protection of an individual's "inviolate personality." Their argument was born in response to intrusions made possible with technological developments in printing and photography. For over a 100-year period, the concept of privacy has received attention from a multi-disciplinary collection of scholars. Despite this significant attention, however, relatively little consideration has been paid to conceptualizations of privacy in the everyday. My dissertation utilizes the focus group method to access individuals' stories about privacy in everyday lives. The unit of the story is important because it contains rich connotative language, imbued with meaning. My method of analysis is inspired primarily by Michel de Certeau and Clifford Geertz. This analysis reveals four significant themes, all linking back to Warren and Brandeis's original conceptualization in thinking about privacy in the everyday: it is associated with fears, it is considered a defence against surveillance, it is conceived of in metaphorical terms as a protective boundary, and it protects personal information and individual autonomy. This dissertation explores how individuals articulate these themes. It finds that individuals apply the language of space as a framework in which to believe their privacy is protected from surveillance.

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Cojocaru, Stefan Lucian. „Between self-identification and wholeheartedness: a critical study of personal autonomy“. Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12736.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The twofold aim of this dissertation is to argue against the notion of autonomy of the will and to advance a view of personal autonomy as wholeheartedness. The first chapter introduces a number of useful concepts and offers an idea of the two directions-critical and constructive, respectively-to be developed in the dissertation. Chapter II classifies accounts of autonomy of the will in view of a dialectical criticism of these accounts as well as a detailed analysis of a number of theories that are representative of the outlined theoretical approaches. Chapters III-IV present a view of autonomy: first, an argument as to why a willing agent cannot govern himself; second, a reasoned exposition of my view of self-governance. The last chapter explores the relation between autonomy as wholeheartedness and morality. The detailed dialectical criticism of theories of autonomy of the will is guided by the intuition that the state of willing is not a one in which the agent governs himself. This phenomenological intuition stresses a fact which conceptions of autonomy of the will ignore: that the willing agent's motive does not stem from a positive drive or motivational force. Rather, it is essential to his motive that he lacks (in some sense) the motivation to do what he wills to do. Unlike desire, the will does not move one to act. Willing presupposes making a motivational effort, which means that the motive behind willing cannot be unfailingly the agent's own. The constructive part of the dissertation begins with an explication of the psychological mechanism behind the motivational gap inherent in willing, which I call "self-identification." In light of this explication, the will arises in states underlain by the agent's identification with objects external to his motivational self. In identifying with something, a person estranges himself from himself. Namely, he projects an identity in terms of the object(s) of his self-identification, and he must press his motivational self into following this projection. Thus, self-governance is to be sought in a state in which the agent has overcome self-identification, that is, in a state of wholeheartedness.

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Elixhauser, Sophie. „Nammeq : personal autonomy and everyday communication in the Ammassalik Region, East Greenland“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166166.

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15

Buchbach, Jacinta M. „Social media policies and work: Reconciling personal autonomy interests and employer risk“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112184/1/Jacinta_Buchbach_Thesis.pdf.

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The thesis provides an analysis of the boundary shifting which social media creates between the public/private dimensions of employees and the regulation of social media and work. The thesis analyses the legal complexities of corporate control over personal social media use and the challenges in both managing corporate risk and preserving personal autonomy interests of identity, participation and speech in online spaces. The research outlines what is wrong with social media policies and highlights uncertainties in the law from an individual autonomy perspective. It proposes an innovative model for constructing social media policies through the lens of communicative tenets of Corporate Social Responsibility.

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Robertson, Lucy F. „Dealing in self-ownership : the pursuit of money and personal autonomy in urban Jamaica“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25125.

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Based on ethnographic research in Whitehouse, Montego Bay, Jamaica, this thesis examines understandings of personal autonomy and the pursuit of self-control in a small urban community. Whilst outsiders perceive people in Whitehouse as marginal to society, closer examination shows that although individuals consider themselves poor, they are not without agency. The thesis demonstrates that whilst Jamaica is a modern capitalist society, an understanding of local views of dependency and control is necessary for interpreting Jamaican social life. Individuals do not consider themselves to be dependent on other people - be it employers or kin - and it is through the deployment of an ideology and practice of autonomy that self-ownership is both sought and celebrated. By showing that people in Whitehouse do not simply resist dominant ideologies and practices, rather, they do not consider themselves to be under the control of others, this thesis contributes to anthropological discussions of power and resistance. Money plays a dominant role in a variety of contexts within Jamaica, creating an ideology which equates money and power. Through the analysis of discourses and practices surrounding money, it is shown that money can create freedom from unwanted relationships, but it can also limit a person’s freedom of choice, as pressure is applied to give money away, and individuals can feel ‘trapped’ in relationships. Thus within Whitehouse, money per se is not central to personhood, but the pursuit of money is integral to ideas about the person. In this way, any person can attain personal status through being active and creative in applying entrepreneurial skills. This theme runs through the thesis and shows how the most ‘marginal’ people attempt to achieve autonomy and self-governance.

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Quer, Giovanni Matteo. „Beyond Territorial Protection: Millet and Personal Autonomy as Instruments for (New) Minorities in Europe?“ Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367844.

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New and non-territorial minorities in Europe do not find adequate protection within the territorial autonomy model. After a compared analysis of contemporary millet systems (Lebanon, Israel, and Iraq), the dissertation focuses on Eruopean instruments for protecting non-territorial minorities in terms of personal autonomy, cultural autonomy, and political representation. Europe is progressively adopting non-territorial means of minority protection, which leads to the reconsideration of the nation-State model. First, personal autnomy implies legal pluralism; secondly cultural autnomy and political representation require the progressive inclusion of diverse groups in teh decision-making processes.

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Quer, Giovanni Matteo. „Beyond Territorial Protection: Millet and Personal Autonomy as Instruments for (New) Minorities in Europe?“ Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/589/1/Doctoral_Dissertation-_QUER.pdf.

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New and non-territorial minorities in Europe do not find adequate protection within the territorial autonomy model. After a compared analysis of contemporary millet systems (Lebanon, Israel, and Iraq), the dissertation focuses on Eruopean instruments for protecting non-territorial minorities in terms of personal autonomy, cultural autonomy, and political representation. Europe is progressively adopting non-territorial means of minority protection, which leads to the reconsideration of the nation-State model. First, personal autnomy implies legal pluralism; secondly cultural autnomy and political representation require the progressive inclusion of diverse groups in teh decision-making processes.

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Davy, Laura Kathryn. „People with Intellectual Disability and the Relational Self: Redrawing the Moral Boundaries of Personal Autonomy“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17577.

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Accounts of autonomy within liberal theory seek to promote individual self-determination and the dignity of all persons, but have also been used to demarcate the boundaries of personhood and exclude people with intellectual disability. Critically engaging with how theories and policies that promote autonomy position people with intellectual disability can illuminate the shortcomings of individualistic approaches to autonomy and extend the accounts of relational autonomy developed by feminist theorists. Drawing on feminist conceptions of the relational self, I show that the capacity to exercise personal autonomy is dependent upon supportive relationships and enabling environments, for people with intellectual disability and for all persons. While this dependency applies to all persons, the particular challenges faced by people with intellectual disability in exercising autonomy requires us to expand the moral boundaries of our conceptions of personal autonomy. To this end, the thesis critically revises the concepts of self-representation and moral responsibility that are central to standard models of personal autonomy, by 1) exploring ethical modes of speaking with and for marginalised persons and groups, and 2) developing a political conception of care that understands the enablement of autonomy as a collective, social responsibility. It also interrogates current disability advocacy and disability policy, which in emphasising the centrality of the personal autonomy of people with disability, face the task of translating and operationalising a highly contested and emergent concept. Woven between the chapters of this thesis are short pieces of relational narrative that explore my personal positioning and relationship with my younger sister who has intellectual disability. These narratives seek to evoke the ongoing relational negotiation and renegotiation of dependency, interdependency, and individuality through which personal agency and autonomy emerge, a dynamic that needs to be supported by wider social actors and institutions in order to enable people with intellectual disability to flourish as individuals.

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Lindeberg, Sandahl Lisa. „Den ofredade sfären : En studie om digital integritet och i vilken mån skydd av denna inskränker den enskilde individens rätt till självbestämmande“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-180889.

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The increasing digitalization of society has led to new legal issues related to the protection of personal integrity, particularly the protection of personal data. Digitalization allows for greater possibilities for private individuals to access the personal data of others. As the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is not applicable on treatment of personal data by individuals, there is a risk of a loophole forming allowing breaches of personal integrity committed by individuals. This paper clarifies the meaning of the term ‘personal integrity’ in a digital context, focusing on how digital integrity is separate from physical integrity, and which key elements constitute personal integrity, be it physical or digital. The paper also discusses how the term previously has been used in legal documents, notably in the UDHR, the EU Charter (focus on dignity) and Swedish legislation (focus on the personal sphere). Furthermore, the paper examines whether the protection of personal integrity can motivate an infringement of the right to personal autonomy of the individual in question. The discussion on personal integrity is followed by an analysis of the protection on a physical and digital level respectively in order to clarify whether the different protections can be considered equivalent, and to what extent it would be appropriate for them to be so. This is done taking into account that strengthening protections of personal information would require limiting the individual’s right to autonomy, which in turn infringes upon their dignity. The consequences that can arise by an intrusion of the digital integrity can be serious, wherefore one could argue that the protection thereof should be as strong as the protection from intrusions of the individual’s physical integrity. Should the consequences of intrusion of personal integrity be as strong on both the physical and digital level, then the protection of digital integrity may need to be strengthened. This could potentially require further infringements of the individual’s right to autonomy. Such an infringement must therefore always be preceded by an appropriate proportionality assessment, aiming to find a solution minimizing the total infringement on the rights of the individual.

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Dasch, Kimberly B. „Daily stress and coping correlates of sociotropy and autonomy evaluation of the construct validity of the Personal Style Inventory /“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.17 Mb., p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1163266781&Fmt=7&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Rosenquist, Joachim. „Pluralism and unity in education : on education for democratic citizenship and personal autonomy in a pluralist society“. Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15487.

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The overarching theme of this thesis concerns the possibility of balancing the values of unity and pluralism in education in developed nation states characterized by an increasing pluralism when it comes to the beliefs and values of its citizens. The author suggests that democracy has a normative basis in the principle of reciprocity which can be supported in an overlapping consensus by reasonable persons who differ in their moral, religious and philosophical beliefs. It is argued that this basis mandates a deliberative kind of democracy and that certain implications follow for how to understand the relation between democracy and individual rights, between democracy and religious belief and speech, and between rationality and deliberation, among other things. The author proceeds to discuss three educational issues in relation to the principle of reciprocity and its implications: 1. The legitimacy and content of a mandatory citizenship education, 2. Children’s rights to develop personal autonomy, 3. The opportunity for parents and children to choose which school children attend. These issues are important in relation to the question of how to balance unity and pluralism in education in that they concern the promotion of certain common beliefs, values and dispositions among citizens or the creation of a system of choice between schools with different profiles. The purpose of the discussion is to construct a theoretical position which balances the values of unity and pluralism in education, by giving diversity its due (contra communitarianism) while upholding a measure of unity (contra libertarianism and radical multiculturalism) which is located in the democratic and autonomy- promoting purposes of education rather than (exclusively) in its economic/vocational purposes (contra neo-liberalism). The discussions make use of political philosophy, educational philosophy and empirical research carried out by other researchers.

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Churchman, Clare. „Emotional autonomy and personal uniqueness as protective factors against early onset psychosis in looked after young people“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486632.

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This thesis was sub~itted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the degree for Doctor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Binningham. The thesis consists ofa literature review and empirical paper focusing on psychosis in children and adolescents. The literature review investigates the evidence for subgroups of psychosis and schizophrenia, with a particular emphasis on the subgroup of early-onset psychosis (children and adolescents). It is argued that the early-onset subgroup may be overrepresented in samples of people who have been unwell for a while and that a subgroup based approach may have important consequences for future research in psychosis and schizophrenia, such as using subgroup rather than whole group statistical analysis. The empirical paper examines the development of emotional autonomy and personal uniqueness in looked after young people, and compares the presentation of these characteristics to non looked after young people with and without psychosis. It was found that looked after young people demonstrated emotional autonomy from parents but not foster parents and this is discussed as being conducive in emotional autonomy development and as possibly supporting the development of peer relationships in looked after young people.

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Ghaffari, Sara. „Finding Obligations Within Second-Personal Engagement: A Critique of Christine Korsgaard's Normative Theory“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1282072689.

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Postan, Emily Rose. „Defining ourselves : narrative identity and access to personal biological information“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25733.

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When biological information about an individual is produced in healthcare or research settings, ethical questions may arise about whether the individual herself should be able to access it. This thesis argues that the individual’s identity-related interests warrant serious attention in framing and addressing these questions. Identity interests are largely neglected in bioethical, policy and legal debates about information access – except where information about genetic parentage is concerned. Even there, the relationship between information and identity, and the interests involved, remain unclear. This thesis seeks to fill this conceptual gap and challenge this exceptionalism. It does so by developing a normative account of the roles that a wide range of information about our health, bodies and biological relationships – ‘personal bioinformation’ – can play in the construction of our self-conceptions. This account is developed in two steps. First, building on existing philosophical theories of narrative self-constitution, this thesis proposes that personal bioinformation has a critical role to play in the construction of identity narratives that remain coherent and support us in navigating our embodied experiences. Secondly, drawing on empirical literature reporting individuals’ attitudes to receiving three categories of personal bioinformation (about donor conception, genetic disease susceptibility, and neuroimaging-based psychiatric diagnoses), the thesis seeks to illustrate, demonstrate the plausibility of, and to refine this theoretically-based proposition. From these foundations, it is argued that we can have strong identity-related interests in whether and how we are able to access bioinformation about ourselves. The practical implications of this conclusion are then explored. It is argued that identity interests are not reducible to other interests (for example, in health protection) commonly weighed in information disclosure decisions. They, therefore, warrant attention in their own right. An ethical framework is developed to guide delivery of this. This framework sets out the ethical responsibilities of those who hold bioinformation about us to respond to our identity interests in information disclosure practices and policies. The framework is informed by indications from the illustrative examples that our interests engaged as much by how bioinformation is communicated as whether it is disclosed. Moreover, these interests are not uniformly engaged by all bioinformation in all circumstances and there is potential for identity detriment as well as benefit. The ethical framework highlights the opportunities for and challenges of responding to identity interests and the scope and limits of potential disclosers’ responsibilities to do so. It also makes recommendations as to the principles and characteristics of identity-supporting disclosure practices.

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Flink, Madeleine. „en scoping study- UPPLEVELSER OM LIVSKVALITÉ OCH EMPOWERMENT FÖR PERSONER SOM LEVER MED PERSONLIG ASSISTANS“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26229.

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Människans livskvalitet hänger tätt samman med vilken lyckonivå personen befinner sig på. Det finns flera faktorer som påverkar lyckonivån och ibland kan det behövas lite hjälp av exempelvis personlig assistans för att kunna uppnå lyckonivåerna.Senaste tiden har vi nästan dagligen kunnat läsa i dagspressen om hur den personliga assistansen överutnyttjas, den har ökat i kostnader och att det är mycket fusk inom den. Utöver det har vi kunnat läsa om individer vars assistansersättning helt eller delvis har dragits in. Genom en litteraturstudie, en så kallad scoping study undersöker denna studie vad tidigare forskning säger om upplevelser kring livskvalitet och empowerment för personer som lever med personlig assistans. Syftet var även att se om personlig assistans inverkar på individens livskvalitet. Kan personer med funktionsnedsättningar och som är i behov av stöd och hjälp uppnå de tio förmågor som Martha Nussbaum anser sig vara nödvändiga för att känna livskvalitet? Resultatet visar att den personliga assistansen har både för- och nackdelar men att fördelarna väger tyngst och hjälper assistansanvändarna till ett självständigt liv. Med hjälp av assistansen kan användarna bland annat nå ett självbestämmande, komma ut i arbetsliv och ha möjlighet till familjebildning.
The quality of life depends on the happiness of the person. There are several factors that affect happiness and sometimes some help from personal assistance may be needed to achieve happiness levels.Recently, we have been able to read in daily press about how personal assistance is overused, it has increased in costs and that there is a lot of cheating on it. In addition to that, we have been able to read about individuals whose assistance compensation has been fully or partially withdrawn.Through a literature study, a so-called scoping study, this study studies what previous research says about experiences about quality of life and empowerment for people living with personal assistance. The purpose was also to see whether personal assistance affects the individual's quality of life. Can people with disabilities who are in need of support and help achieve the ten thresholds that Martha Nussbaum considers necessary to feel quality of life? The result shows that personal assistance has both pros and cons, but the benefits weigh heaviest and help the assistance users to an independent life. With the help of the help, users can, among other things, reach self-determination, get into work life and have the opportunity to family-run

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Pretorius, Wilmari. „The psychological contract : personal and job-related variables and the intention to leave / Mali Wilmari Pretorius“. Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10345.

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Globally, employees are experiencing extensive change in the workplace. Downsizing, right-sizing or restructuring have become familiar terms in difficult economic conditions and imply that rationalising of jobs is inevitable. Organisations attempt to reduce costs, which in turn places pressure on employees to modify their jobs and seek alternative employment. This increases their intention to leave (Iyo & Brotheridge, 2004). The researcher is interested in determining how satisfied employees are with their life in general, in their jobs, and whether the constructs at hand can lead to an intention to leave. This is information that an organisation might value due to high turnover costs. Employability and autonomy are linked to the above concepts. With reference to the above formulation of the problem statement, the general objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the psychological contract, employability, autonomy, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and the intention to leave of security employees in the Vaal Triangle. The primary objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the psychological contract, employability, autonomy, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and the intention to leave of security employees in the Vaal Triangle. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Constructs were measured by means of the psychological contract (employer obligations, employee obligations), a biographical questionnaire, employability questionnaire, autonomy questionnaire, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and intention to leave questionnaires. The research method for each of the two articles consists of a brief literature review and an empirical study. An exploratory factor analysis, as well as Cronbach alpha coefficients, was computed to access the reliability. Validity of the different product moment correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between the constructs employed in this research. Significant differences are found between various individual characteristics and the scores of the psychological contract (employer obligations, employee obligations and the psychological contract), the individual characteristics, employability, autonomy, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and intention to leave. Conclusions are made, limitations of the current research are discussed and recommendations for future research and the organisation are put forward.
MCom, Labour Relations Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

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Rakowski, Sonja K. „Ethical Considerations in Access to Experimental Drugs for Treatment Use“. Yale University, 2010. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-03252010-091403/.

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Do dying patients have a moral claim to access experimental drugs when all else has failed? This question has been the focus of an active and evolving debate concerning the rights of terminally ill patients, the nature of the drug development process, and the scope of federal regulation, with supporters arguing that seriously ill patients should be able to decide for themselves whether and when to attempt experimental therapies and opponents arguing that the resulting state of affairs would be disastrous for patient safety and for the integrity of the drug development process. This thesis concerns the ethical considerations surrounding the provision of experimental drugs for treatmentoften termed compassionate use or expanded accessand argues that compelling ethical merits on both sides of the debate complicate the formation of satisfactory public policy. Although patient autonomy is often invoked to support liberal access to experimental drugs, the paucity of known information about investigational compounds as well as the unique vulnerability of the terminally ill patient call into question the wisdom of the unfettered exercise of autonomy in this context. Although equitable distribution of experimental drugs is often felt to be a concern, the meaning of equity in this context has not been clearly defined, and in fact several working concepts of equitable access may not be achievable or desirable. Although the financial burden on drug manufacturers is frequently recognized as a barrier to expanded access, the potential for expanded access programs to constitute a marketing strategy should be recognized, and the mixing of profit motives with altruistic ones brought to light. Parsing these and other ethical nuances points to certain ways in which policies governing expanded access can be refined to allow for access while maximizing patient protection and ensuring the generation of scientific knowledge. Physicians, as frequent mediators of requests for experimental drugs, should be knowledgeable of the ethical issues inherent and should help to ensure the judicious use of experimental therapies. Finally, general misconceptions about the benefits of experimental therapy, pervasive in our culture, heighten the contentiousness of this debate. A workable legislative solution should be accompanied by a thoughtful and deliberate effort to educate patients, their advocates, and broader society about the realistic pace of drug development and the limits of modern medicine. This thesis recognizes that individuals who seek expanded access often have valid moral claims to do so, but advocates a cautious attitude toward the dissemination of experimental drugs for treatment and maintains the importance of government and physician participation in adjudicating access.

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Rank, Johannes. „Leadership predictors of proactive organizational behavior : facilitating personal initiative, voice behavior, and exceptional service performance“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001444.

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Gorsuch, Jenna L. „The Effects of Control and Work/Family Centrality on the Personal Use of Work Computers“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1397838982.

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Allan, Gary Mitchell. „Responsibility for learning : students' understandings and their self-reported learning attitudes and behaviours“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16209/1/Gary_Allan_Thesis.pdf.

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This study investigated a number of important research questions that were prompted by the existing literature relating to the concept of responsibility for learning. Such literature has highlighted the importance of promoting personal responsibility for learning to not only students as individuals but also to the direction of education and pedagogy in general. The literature has also shown a broad concern over students’ apparent lack of responsibility as well as a lack of consensus over the precise meaning of this concept. The present study addresses gaps in the literature by exploring the following specific issues: firstly, What are students’ understandings of the concept of responsibility for learning?; secondly, How have students reported their own learning related attitudes and behaviours?; and thirdly, What are the associations between students’ understandings and their self-reports? It was also intended that data collected for the first two research questions would enable the investigation of year level and gender differences. With a methodology based on a written survey design, this study collected data from a sample of some 286 students from Australian schools in both the Primary and Secondary sectors (comprising Years 5, 7, 9 and 11). The process of data collection involved participants completing one open-ended question and two newly developed Likert-type response questionnaires that incorporated 40 individual descriptive items that were associated with six distinct subscales (i.e., Orientation Towards Schools and Learning; Active Participation in Learning Activities; Autonomy and Personal Control of Learning; Initiative; Management of Learning Resources; and Cooperation and Control of Classroom Behaviour). One scale (the SURLQ), along with the open-ended question, measured students’ understandings of Responsibility For Learning and the other scale (the SRLABQ) measured students’ perceptions of their own learning related attitudes and behaviours. The data pertaining to the first research question was analysed in two distinct ways. Firstly, students’ responses to the open-ended question were analysed qualitatively by sorting and tallying their original responses according to a determination of the themes and descriptors offered. Secondly, the responses to the SURLQ were analysed quantitatively by calculating the mean and standard deviation scores for all 40 descriptive items and hence the six subscales. Similar quantitative statistical analysis procedures were applied to the data pertaining to students’ self-reported learning attitudes and behaviours (i.e., the SRLABQ). Reliability coefficients for the SURLQ and the SRLABQ were also calculated. Descriptive data for the subscales of these two measures were cross-tabulated by year level and gender to determine whether statistically significant differences were evident. Cohen’s Effect Size calculations were applied to such differences. Statistically significant interactions between these independent variables were determined by Multivariate analysis of variance techniques. The third research question was investigated by applying correlation analysis to the mean scores of corresponding subscales and by calculating the differences between the same sets of mean scores. With respect to the first research question, it was found that according to both sets of data, students’ understandings of responsibility for learning generally supported a primarily behavioural perspective that emphasised a high degree of application to learning and relating sociably with others in the classroom. Although the SURLQ data also showed a greater acknowledgement of attitudinal components, it was noted that according to data from the two questionnaires, students did not readily associate responsible learners with being autonomous and having personal control of learning (as does the literature). With respect to the second research question, it was found that students reported themselves to be reasonably responsible learners as evidenced by the moderately high scores collected in all of the six responsibility for learning subscales. This finding led to the conclusion that the concerns expressed in the literature over students’ lack of responsibility in the classroom are not perceived by the students themselves. As the data pertaining to the third research question showed a reasonable correlation between students’ understandings of responsibility for learning and their self-reported learning attitudes and behaviours, it was concluded that students were likely to view themselves as responsible learners in a way that reflects their understandings of the concept. It was concluded that this research has important implications for all stakeholders in education. Although this study makes a major contribution to defining and describing responsibility for learning, it is evident that a lack of consensus in understanding between key stakeholders groups (i.e., researchers, educators and students) still exists. The divergence of outlook between students and various elements of the literature reinforces the need for further research to be conducted to determine the relative acceptance of behavioural compliance (and/or prudence) in the classroom versus personal control and accountability with respect to learning. It is also argued that such work would be integral to educators having a clear and unambiguous understanding of responsibility for learning so that the enhancement of this quality in students may take place in classrooms of the future.

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Allan, Gary Mitchell. „Responsibility for learning : students' understandings and their self-reported learning attitudes and behaviours“. Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16209/.

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This study investigated a number of important research questions that were prompted by the existing literature relating to the concept of responsibility for learning. Such literature has highlighted the importance of promoting personal responsibility for learning to not only students as individuals but also to the direction of education and pedagogy in general. The literature has also shown a broad concern over students’ apparent lack of responsibility as well as a lack of consensus over the precise meaning of this concept. The present study addresses gaps in the literature by exploring the following specific issues: firstly, What are students’ understandings of the concept of responsibility for learning?; secondly, How have students reported their own learning related attitudes and behaviours?; and thirdly, What are the associations between students’ understandings and their self-reports? It was also intended that data collected for the first two research questions would enable the investigation of year level and gender differences. With a methodology based on a written survey design, this study collected data from a sample of some 286 students from Australian schools in both the Primary and Secondary sectors (comprising Years 5, 7, 9 and 11). The process of data collection involved participants completing one open-ended question and two newly developed Likert-type response questionnaires that incorporated 40 individual descriptive items that were associated with six distinct subscales (i.e., Orientation Towards Schools and Learning; Active Participation in Learning Activities; Autonomy and Personal Control of Learning; Initiative; Management of Learning Resources; and Cooperation and Control of Classroom Behaviour). One scale (the SURLQ), along with the open-ended question, measured students’ understandings of Responsibility For Learning and the other scale (the SRLABQ) measured students’ perceptions of their own learning related attitudes and behaviours. The data pertaining to the first research question was analysed in two distinct ways. Firstly, students’ responses to the open-ended question were analysed qualitatively by sorting and tallying their original responses according to a determination of the themes and descriptors offered. Secondly, the responses to the SURLQ were analysed quantitatively by calculating the mean and standard deviation scores for all 40 descriptive items and hence the six subscales. Similar quantitative statistical analysis procedures were applied to the data pertaining to students’ self-reported learning attitudes and behaviours (i.e., the SRLABQ). Reliability coefficients for the SURLQ and the SRLABQ were also calculated. Descriptive data for the subscales of these two measures were cross-tabulated by year level and gender to determine whether statistically significant differences were evident. Cohen’s Effect Size calculations were applied to such differences. Statistically significant interactions between these independent variables were determined by Multivariate analysis of variance techniques. The third research question was investigated by applying correlation analysis to the mean scores of corresponding subscales and by calculating the differences between the same sets of mean scores. With respect to the first research question, it was found that according to both sets of data, students’ understandings of responsibility for learning generally supported a primarily behavioural perspective that emphasised a high degree of application to learning and relating sociably with others in the classroom. Although the SURLQ data also showed a greater acknowledgement of attitudinal components, it was noted that according to data from the two questionnaires, students did not readily associate responsible learners with being autonomous and having personal control of learning (as does the literature). With respect to the second research question, it was found that students reported themselves to be reasonably responsible learners as evidenced by the moderately high scores collected in all of the six responsibility for learning subscales. This finding led to the conclusion that the concerns expressed in the literature over students’ lack of responsibility in the classroom are not perceived by the students themselves. As the data pertaining to the third research question showed a reasonable correlation between students’ understandings of responsibility for learning and their self-reported learning attitudes and behaviours, it was concluded that students were likely to view themselves as responsible learners in a way that reflects their understandings of the concept. It was concluded that this research has important implications for all stakeholders in education. Although this study makes a major contribution to defining and describing responsibility for learning, it is evident that a lack of consensus in understanding between key stakeholders groups (i.e., researchers, educators and students) still exists. The divergence of outlook between students and various elements of the literature reinforces the need for further research to be conducted to determine the relative acceptance of behavioural compliance (and/or prudence) in the classroom versus personal control and accountability with respect to learning. It is also argued that such work would be integral to educators having a clear and unambiguous understanding of responsibility for learning so that the enhancement of this quality in students may take place in classrooms of the future.

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Gonçalves, Laura Lamas Martins 1977. „A gestão autônoma da medicação numa experiência com usuários militantes da saúde mental“. [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311873.

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Orientador: Rosana Onocko Campos
Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T20:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_LauraLamasMartins_D.pdf: 2375907 bytes, checksum: 3048b5843c3d5fa2b26b62d5c1ac1734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Esta pesquisa insere-se no contexto de uma pesquisa multicêntrica realizada em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de três cidades brasileiras, nos anos de 2009 e 2010, com o objetivo de traduzir, adaptar e testar um instrumento produzido no Canadá, o Guia pessoal da gestão autônoma da medicação (Guia GAM). Tal instrumento foi criado a partir do reconhecimento de uma utilização pouco crítica dos medicamentos nos tratamentos em saúde mental e também do reconhecimento do valor simbólico da medicação na vida dos usuários. O Guia parte do reconhecimento do direito ao consentimento livre e esclarecido para a utilização da medicação e da necessidade de compartilhar as decisões entre profissionais e usuários e tem como um de seus objetivos tornarem disponíveis informações sobre as medicações (efeitos colaterais, doses terapêuticas, etc.). Propusemos o uso do Guia através de um Grupo de Intervenção com sete usuários de serviços de saúde mental do município de Campinas, com transtorno mental grave e com história de participação política no campo da saúde com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da experimentação do Guia na relação desses usuários com seus tratamentos e nas suas ações de militância. Nossa pesquisa incluiu a realização de encontros quinzenais, grupos focais e entrevistas em profundidade. Transformamos as transcrições em narrativas por extração de seus núcleos argumentais e identificamos uma mudança no julgamento crítico dos usuários, sobretudo, acerca do uso da medicação, dos seus direitos. Os usuários demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre o que tomam e para quê e passaram a reconhecer uma autoridade em si própria, e não apenas nos médicos, embora mantivessem a percepção de que os profissionais seriam superiores e possuiriam o poder de decisão sobre o tratamento. Problematizaram mais o modo como são atendidos e houve usuários que, mobilizados pelas discussões nos grupos, buscaram conversar com seus médicos, visando ajustes no uso de algum medicamento. Também fortaleceram suas participações enquanto militantes da saúde mental, ampliando espaços de atuação e/ou ampliando as próprias ações enquanto usuários sujeito- político de direito, que debate o tratamento e a instituição de que participa
Abstract: This research falls within the context of a multicenter study conducted in Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) in three Brazilian cities, in the years 2009 and 2010, aiming to translate and adapt to the Brazilian culture the personal Guide for the Autonomous Medication Management (GAM), beyond testing this instrument developed in Canada. This instrument was drawn on the recognition of an uncritical use of medicines in mental health treatments, as well as the acceptance of the symbolic value of such medicines in the lives of the users of mental health services. The Guide recognizes the right to informed consent prior to the use of the medication and asserts the need of shared decisions between professionals and service users; therefore one of its goals is to provide information about medications (side effects, therapeutic doses, etc.). To evaluate its effects over the service users in relation with their treatment and their militant actions, the research proposed the utilization of this Guide through an Intervention Group composed of seven users of mental health services in Campinas, all of them with diagnostic of severe mental disorder and a personal history of political participation in the field of health. Our research included conducting fortnightly meetings, focus groups and in-depth interviews, whose transcripts were transformed in narratives by extracting their argumentation nuclei. As a result, a change was identified in the critical judgment of these users, especially regarding the use of medication and the recognition of their rights as such. These users demonstrated improved knowledge about the medicines they take and why they do so, assimilating an authority in themselves, not just in their doctors, although keeping their perception that professionals would have superiority and the power to make decisions about treatment. The users questioned over how they are treated at the health services and some of them, driven by the group discussions, sought to talk to their doctors aiming adjustments in the use of particular medications. They also strengthened their holdings while militants in the mental health field, increasing the scope of intervention and / or expanding their own actions as 'users - political subjects' which discuss the treatment and the institution in which they participate
Doutorado
Política, Gestão e Planejamento
Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

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Gonçalves, Geisa Colebrusco de Souza. „Motivação e autonomia dos estudantes de graduação em enfermagem à luz da teoria da autodeterminação“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7140/tde-18092018-125132/.

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Introdução: Autonomia é tema recorrente na educação em enfermagem e referida como necessária para florescer a motivação intrínseca. Objetivos: avaliar as evidências de validade da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica EMA, identificar os tipos de motivação dos estudantes, identificar e comparar os tipos de motivação acadêmica em função das variáveis de caracterização da amostra; identificar e interpretar a concepção de autonomia, a escolha pela graduação em enfermagem e a permanência no curso relacionadas aos tipos de motivação. Método: pesquisa de método misto, quantitativa-qualitativa, explanatória sequencial, realizada em instituição de ensino de graduação em enfermagem, com 205 estudantes na etapa quantitativa, por meio da aplicação da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica, e com 31 estudantes na etapa qualitativa, por meio de entrevista individual. Resultados: Acerca da dimensionalidade da escala, os resultados indicaram a extração de três fatores/tipos de motivação: intrínseca, extrínseca e desmotivação. Na descrição dos tipos de motivação, os estudantes apresentaram maior média na motivação extrínseca comparada às médias de motivação intrínseca e desmotivação. Na comparação dos fatores/tipos de motivação com as características da amostra, diferenças significativas foram encontradas no fator desmotivação em função do ano corrente do curso, na satisfação em cursar a graduação e orientação dos elementos citados pelos estudantes para cursar a enfermagem. No fator/tipo motivação extrínseca, diferenças significativas foram encontradas na comparação com a idade. E em relação ao fator/tipo motivação intrínseca diferenças significativas foram encontradas na comparação com ter realizado curso preparatório para vestibular e ter cursado graduação anterior à enfermagem. Nas demais características, sexo, local onde cursou ensino médio, formação prévia em curso técnico, enfermagem como primeira opção e apoio familiar, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas em nenhum dos fatores/tipos de motivação. Os resultados da etapa qualitativa permitiram a construção de cinco categorias: Reflexões sobre o conceito de autonomia, como construção gradativa, como tomada de decisão e referida a partir da prática profissional; Reflexões sobre o exercício da autonomia, vivenciadas na ação prática do estudante, na relação estudante-docente e momentos de ausência de autonomia; Motivação para a escolha da graduação em enfermagem, motivação mais autônoma e motivação extrínseca; Motivação para permanecer na graduação em enfermagem, motivação autônoma, motivação ligada a elementos externos e desmotivação; Estratégias de ensino e autonomia do estudante relacionadas à postura do docente, estratégias que estimulam e as que não estimulam a autonomia do estudante, com construção de quadro comparativo sobre as percepções dos estudantes acerca das estratégias de ensino citadas. Conclusões: O estudo confirmou a estrutura da EMA a partir de três fatores, considerada alternativa parcimoniosa à sua versão original. O perfil dos estudantes é de motivado extrinsecamente e autodeterminado, com baixa média de desmotivação. Algumas diferenças estatísticas entre grupos encontradas demonstrou congruência com o postulado pela teoria. Os estudantes apresentaram concepção de autonomia por meio de experiências vivenciadas na graduação, seja na sua ocorrência positiva ou a partir da ausência de autonomia. A motivação para cursar e permanecer na graduação em enfermagem foi referida tanto acerca de formas mais autônomas como nas formas extrínsecas, além de desmotivação para permanecer no curso. Acerca do apoio à autonomia e estratégias de ensino, os estudantes referiram que a interferência maior se relacionou à postura do docente.
Introduction: Autonomy is a recurring theme in nursing education, being raised as essential for the intrinsic motivation. Objectives: to evaluate the validity of the Academic Motivation Scale (EMA), to identify the types of motivation from the students, to identify and compare the types of academic motivation in relation to the categorizing variables of the sample; Identify and interpret the conception of autonomy, the decision for a nursing undergraduate and the stability in the course related to the types of motivation. Methods: a mixed-method research, quantitative-qualitative, explanatory sequential, carried out in an undergraduate nursing teaching institution, with 205 students in the quantitative stage through the Academic Motivation Scale, and with 31 students in the qualitative stage through individual interviews. Results: Regarding the dimensionality of the scale, the results indicated the extraction of three factors/types of motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic and demotivation. In the description of the types of motivation, the students presented a higher average in the extrinsic motivation compared to the averages of intrinsic motivation and demotivation. In the comparison of factors/types of motivation and characteristics of the sample, significant differences were found in the demotivation factor in function of the current year of the course, in the satisfaction of attending the graduation and in orientation of the elements mentioned by the students to attend the nursing course. In the factor/type extrinsic motivation, significant differences were found when ages were compared. And in relation to the factor/type intrinsic motivation significant differences were found in the comparison of individuals who attended a preparatory course for university and individuals with a previous graduation course. In the other characteristics such as gender, place of high school attendance, previous training in technical course, nursing as a first option and family support, no significant differences were verified in any of the factors/types of motivation. The results of the qualitative step allowed the construction of five categories: Reflections on the concept of autonomy, as gradual construction, as decision making and referenced on the professional practice; Reflections on the exercise of autonomy, experienced in the student\'s practical settings, student-teacher relationship and moments of absence of autonomy; Motivation for selecting the nursing graduation course, autonomous motivation and extrinsic motivation; Motivation to remain in the nursing graduation course, autonomous motivation, motivation linked to external elements and demotivation; Education strategies and student autonomy related to the teacher\'s attitude, strategies that stimulate and those that do not stimulate the student\'s autonomy, with the construction of a comparative table around students\' perceptions about the teaching strategies named. Conclusions: The study confirmed the EMA structure based on three factors, considered a parsimonious alternative to its original version. The students\' profile is extrinsically motivated and self-determined, with a low average of demotivation. Some statistical differences between groups found to be congruent with theory. The students presented a conception of autonomy based on experiences undertaken in the course, either in its positive occurrence or from the absence of autonomy. The motivation to attend and the motivation to continue in the nursing graduation was referred as much about autonomous forms as in the extrinsic forms, besides the demotivation are related to remain in the course. Regarding support for autonomy and teaching strategies, students reported that the major interference was related to the teacher\'s support.

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Figueredo, Delcina Jesus. „Autocuidado em idosos internados numa enfermaria geriátrica de um hospital-escola: comparação das avaliações subjetivas e objetiva“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-20092016-160109/.

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Estudo observacional quantitativo longitudinal prospectivo em idosos e seus cuidadores, de ambos os sexos, internados na enfermaria de geriatria de um hospital-escola, com coleta de dados no período de agosto de 2013 a março de 2014. Objetivo: Avaliar a condição funcional subjetiva e objetiva de idosos internados em uma enfermaria geriátrica; entre os relatos de desempenho no autocuidado e suas necessidades de ajuda. Método: avaliações subjetivas e objetiva, usando o instrumento Performance test of Activities of Daily Living (PADL), com 16 tarefas associado a três itens da Escala de Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD). Resultados: o sexo feminino predominou dentre os idosos (32 - 58,2%) e os cuidadores (46 - 83,6%); a idade dos clientes variou entre 64 e 99 (x=80) anos, e dos cuidadores entre 37 e 84 anos (x=58,7a); a escolaridade básica foi mais frequente entre os idosos (36 - 65,4%) e a superior (18 - 32,7%) para os cuidadores; quanto ao parentesco dos cuidadores, 30 (54,4%) eram filhas e 12 (21,5%) esposas. Para comparar as funcionalidades subjetivas e objetiva no desempenho do autocuidado, calculou-se o Índice de Concordância (Ind.Con%), que variou de 62 a 93%, com Kappa oscilando entre 0,20 e 0,59. Tanto os idosos como os cuidadores referiram desempenhar as tarefas sem ou com ajuda, porém, na avaliação objetiva, detectou-se maior necessidade de ajuda ou a incapacidade da realização da tarefa. Saliente-se que os idosos se autoavaliaram um pouco melhor que os seus cuidadores. Discussão: Nas avaliações subjetivas idosos e subjetivas cuidadores, em comparação com a objetiva, as respostas dos idosos para o autocuidado foram confirmadas na avaliação objetiva e com os relatos reportados subjetivamente pelos cuidadores. Verificou que o Nível de funcionalidade nos idosos, na maioria foi o nível 3 (fazer sem ajuda) para as atividades de vida diária PADL e atividades instrumentais AIVD. Os relatos subjetivos idosos em comparação com a avaliação objetiva podem apresentar que alguns idosos fazem as atividades sem ajuda, outros com ajuda e aqueles que não fazem as tarefas sozinhos, e, assim, necessitaram de algum tipo de ajuda. As informações subjetivas reportadas pelos cuidadores foram discordantes em comparações com a avaliação objetiva em alguns itens das escalas. Os idosos tendem a se avaliar melhor que seus cuidadores. Os cuidadores reportam que os idosos conseguem realizar a tarefa, mas, na avaliação objetiva, alguns não fazem. Conclusões: Há importantes diferenças entre as capacidades funcionais relatadas pelo próprio idoso e seus cuidadores quando comparadas com a observação direta destas tarefas pelo enfermeiro, o que indica a necessidade de basear as ações e os cuidados muito mais na avaliação direta do que exclusivamente nos relatos dos clientes e de seus cuidadores
Prospective, longitudinal quantitative study in elderly people and their proxies, of both genders, admitted at a geriatric ward of a school hospital, whose data collection was August 2013 to March 2014. Objective: to evaluate subjective and objective functional condition of elderly people admitted at a geriatric ward; among the reports of self care performance and their needs for help. Method: subjective and objective evaluations using the instrument Performance test of Activities of Daily Living (PADL), with 16 tasks associated to 3 items of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Results: Female gender was predominant among the elderly (32 - 58.2%) and the proxies (46 - 83.6%); clients´ age varied between 64 and 99 (x=80) years old and their proxies between 37 and 84 years old (x=58.7y); basic education was more frequent among the elderly (36 - 65.4%) and higher (18 - 32.7%) for their proxies. Regarding the family connection of proxies, 30 (54.4%) were daughters and 12 (21.5%) wives. In order to compare the subjective and objective functionalities to perform self care, it was calculated the Concordance Index (CI), which varied from 62 to 93%, whose Kappa was between 0.20 and 0.59. Both elderly people and their proxies referred performing tasks with or without help. However, on the objective evaluation it was detected greater need for help or incapability to perform a task. It must be highlighted that elderly people evaluated themselves a little better than their proxies. Discussion: elderly subjective and proxy subjective evaluations in comparison to objective ones, elderly responses for self care were confirmed in objective evaluation and the reports provided subjectively by their proxies. It was verified that the functionality level of elderly people in majority was level 3 (do it without help) for PADL daily life activities and IADL instrumental activities. Elderly subjective reports in comparison to objective evaluation, it can be seen that some elderly people perform their activities without help, others with help and the ones who don´t perform tasks by themselves required some kind of help. Subjective information reported by proxies was discordant in comparison to objective evaluation in some items of the instruments. Elderly people are more prone to evaluate themselves better than their proxies. Proxies reported that elderly people can perform their tasks, but in the objective evaluation it was not observed. Conclusions: there are important differences between the functional capacities reported by elderly themselves and their proxies when compared to the direct observation of these tasks by the nurse, which points to the need of actions and care more focused on the direct evaluation rather than reports by clients and their proxies

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Freire, Ana Carolina da Graça Fagundes. „Avaliação do conhecimento, formação e capacitação do TSB e ASB no desenvolvimento das atividades no serviço público de saúde /“. Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95397.

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Orientador: Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin
Banca: Renato Moreira Arcieri
Banca: Eduardo Daruge Junior
Resumo: O trabalho executado pelos profissionais auxiliares da odontologia constitui uma ferramenta diferenciada para se obter um aumento de produtividade, principalmente no que se refere ao serviço público de saúde. Para o cirurgião-dentista alcançar a produtividade máxima, os auxiliares precisam ter conhecimento de suas funções segundo as legislações vigentes. Esses conhecimentos abrangem a parte técnica e as posturas éticas desses profissionais, buscando uma humanização dos serviços na odontologia e a promoção dos direitos dos pacientes. Sendo assim, o consentimento informado e o sigilo profissional devem ser respeitados na prática odontológica, não apenas como uma doutrina legal, mas como um direito moral dos pacientes e que gera obrigações morais para os Cirurgiões- Dentistas e pessoal auxiliar. O objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos Técnicos em Saúde Bucal (TSB) e Auxiliar de Saúde Bucal (ASB) quanto à realização de suas funções regulamentadas pela Lei Nº 11.889, de 24 de dezembro de 2008, assim como a formação destes e capacitação recebida antes de exercerem suas funções no sistema publico de saúde; avaliar também o conhecimento destes em relação aos conceitos bioéticos, no que diz respeito ao consentimento informado e sigilo profissional, aprendidos durante os cursos de formação ou prática profissional dentro do sistema público de saúde. A população alvo do presente estudo foram os TSB e ASB (N=76) que atuam no sistema público de 5 municípios da área de abrangência do DRS II-SP. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através de questionários semiestruturados e auto-administrados, com questões abertas e fechadas. A taxa resposta foi de 90,79% (n= 69). Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos profissionais conhece parte de suas funções (56%). Quase metade dos profissionais tem curso de formação (47,8%). Quanto às ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The work made by dental auxiliaries is a different tool to obtain an increase of productivity, principally about public health service. It's necessary that auxiliaries have knowledge about their role according current Law, and so, dental surgeon get the maximum productivity. This knowledge involves techniques and ethical postures of them, aiming humanization on dental services and promotion of patient's rights. So, informed consent and professional secrecy should be respected on dental practice, not only like a legal doctrine, but like a moral right of patients and that cause moral duties for dental surgeons and dental auxiliaries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of hygienists (TSB) and dental auxiliaries (ASB) about performance of their roles regulated by Law number 11.889, December 24th, 2008, evaluate the formation of them and capacitating received before they had executed their roles on Public Health System; to evaluate the knowledge of them about bioethical means, in relation to informed consent and professional secrecy, learned during courses of formation or professional practice into public health system. The target population of this study were TSB and ASB (N=76) that work on public health system from 5 cities belong to DRS II-SP. Data collection was performed through semi-structured questionnaire and self-applied, with opened and closed questions. The answer rate was 90,79% (n=69). The results showed that the majority of professionals know part of their roles (56%). Near half of them has formation course (47,8%). About received information during current course, 80% affirmed had received all information that are necessary for their formation, however, 84% affirmed feel necessity of actualization of their knowledge to develop their works. 58% of researched professionals said that they didn't receive capacitating after ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Rosa, Tâmara Harumi Yamagute. „Juventudes e trajetórias de jovens populares urbanos: autonomia, oportunidades sociais e acesso a direitos“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-02082018-085411/.

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Este trabalho se baseia na perspectiva da juventude como construção social, compreendendo a trajetória para a vida adulta como processo não linear resultante dos diferentes modos pelos quais os jovens vivenciam suas experiências. O objetivo é conhecer a percepção de jovens populares urbanos de 18 a 24 anos sobre o processo de construção de sua autonomia e o acesso a oportunidades e direitos sociais, a partir do estudo de suas trajetórias de vida. Por meio da história oral de vida e temática, e da hermenêutica-dialética, são apresentadas narrativas de quatro jovens egressos de Programa de Aprendizagem Profissional e Programas de Medidas Socioeducativas em Meio Aberto - Liberdade Assistida e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade, do Centro de Orientação ao Adolescente de Campinas - COMEC, partindo das perguntas disparadoras \"Como tem sido a sua trajetória para vida adulta? Como a transição para a vida adulta se relaciona com sua história de vida? Você poderia contar sobre seus caminhos, suas escolhas, suas experiências (escola, trabalho, amigos etc), seus projetos?\". As análises das histórias indicaram quatro eixos temáticos: percursos familiares e de vida, afetos e amizades sob a marca da vulnerabilidade social; a escola e suas (in) visibilidades; trabalho formal, informal, legal e ilegal: fronteiras tênues no acesso ao trabalho; vida, oportunidades sociais, interesses e projetos; apontando para a relevância destes em suas trajetórias para a vida adulta, bem como a necessidade de se pensar alternativas que tragam oportunidades de se alcançar autonomia frente a complexa realidade contemporânea
This study is based on understanding youth as a social construction, taking the trajectory to adulthood as a non linear process as the result from the different ways young people live their experiences. The aim is to study the perceptions of youth from age 18 to 24 years old about the process of autonomy and the access to social opportunities and rights through their life stories. By means of Oral Life History, Thematic Oral History, and Hermeneutic Dialectics methodology, narratives are here presented of four young people who were participants of The Occupational Apprenticeship Program and Social Educational Programs, namely The Assisted Freedom Program and Community Services for youth in conflict with the law from Centro de Orientação ao Adolescente de Campinas - COMEC. The motivating questions were \"How has happened your trajectory to adulthood? How does this transition to adulthood relate to your life story? Can you tell me about your paths, choices projects and experiences (school, work, friends etc)? The analysis of the stories indicated four main themes: family and life paths/affection and friendship under social vulnerability; the the (in) visibility of school; formal, informal, legal and ilegal work: the tenuous line in access to work; social opportunities, interests and projects. They show important features to transition to adulthood, as well as the need of alternatives that bring opportunities to autonomy taking into account the complex contemporary reality

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Silvério, Carina Cavalheiro. „Socialização e inclusão das crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais através da dança“. Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5003.

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação: Educação Especial, área de especialização em Domínio Cognitivo e Motor
O presente projeto visa acompanhar os efeitos da dança num grupo de crianças com e sem necessidades educativas especiais (NEE). entendendo-se que a dança tem um papel fulcral no fomento da socialização, da inclusão e da autonomia destes alunos no contexto referido. O estudo empreendido visa compreender se a dança é um meio facilitador na socialização, inclusão e autonomia pessoal de crianças com NEE O estudo foi realizado num agrupamento de escolas de Quarteira tendo participado 45 alunos do 1º ciclo (3º e 4º anos). Aplicaram-se como instrumentos de recolha de dados, testes sociométricos, entrevistas semiestruturadas, atividades práticas desenvolvidas nas aulas de Educação Especial e grelhas de observação não-participante. Concluiu-se que ao nível da socialização e inclusão a dança atuou como um catalisador no estabelecimento de novos relacionamentos e no aprofundamento de outros já existentes, bem como na minimização de atritos entre os alunos das duas turmas, pois proporcionou interação e o convívio, para além da empatia e da tolerância. No que concerne à autonomia pessoal, verificou-se também que os alunos aprenderam a maximizar as suas potencialidades e a minimizar os seus constrangimentos. Para além disso, a sensação de bem-estar que experienciaram com a dança, bem como a positividade da experiência, reforçou-lhes a autoestima e tornou-os mais autónomos e independentes no desempenho doutras tarefas e na gestão das suas próprias decisões.
This project aims to monitor the effects of dance in a group of children with and without special educational needs (SEN). The goal was to integrate the project "different children" in the school / surroundings and participation in recreational activities, i.e it being understood that dance plays a central role in fostering the socialization, inclusion and autonomy of students in that context. The study undertaken aims to understand the dance as a way of socialization, inclusion and personal autonomy of children with SEN. The study was conducted in a group of Quarteira schools with the 45 students of the 1st school degree (3rd and 4th years). It was applied as data collection tools, sociometric tests, structured interviews, practical activities developed in special education classes and observation grids non-runner. Was concluded that the level of socialization and inclusion dance served as a catalyst in establishing new relationships and deepening existing ones, as well as the minimization of friction between students of the two classes, as provided interaction and socializing beyond empathy and tolerance. With regard to personal autonomy, it is also found that students learned to maximize their potential and minimize their constraints. Furthermore, the sense of well being that they have experienced with dance as well as the a positivity they reach with the experience, strengthened their self esteem and made them more autonomous and independent in the performance of other tasks and managing their own decisions.

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Parmaksiz, Abdullah Umut. „Gray&#039“. Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609149/index.pdf.

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In this study, John Gray&rsquo
s theory of value-pluralism is critically analyzed. Gray&rsquo
s modus vivendi, based on Isaiah Berlin&rsquo
s criticism of monism, is a theory that aims to create the conditions in which peace and diversity in late-modern societies can be protected. Gray argues that a legally pluralistic system where collectives have autonomy is more serving to peace than its liberal alternatives. This study argues that Gray fails to achieve its goal of promoting diversity. This is due to the fact that Gray&rsquo
s theory does not recognize &lsquo
personal autonomy&rsquo
and &lsquo
right of exit&rsquo
as standards for a legitimate regime. It is argued in this study that without &lsquo
personal autonomy&rsquo
and &lsquo
right of exit&rsquo
, legally pluralist systems curb the conditions that makes diversity possible and thereby work at the expense of diversity rather than for diversity.

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Lyreskog, David. „Enhancing Psychopaths : On the permissibility of enhancing moral capacities in violent recidivist psychopaths, through compulsory direct brain intervention“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85025.

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Inom en snar framtid kan effektiva behandlingsmetoder mot antisocial personlighetsstörning komma att bli tillgängliga för användning. I denna uppsats driver jag en tes om hur vi på ett etiskt försvarbart sätt skulle kunna använda dessa metoder. Tesen begränsar sig till (1) tvångsbehandling (2) av våldsamma återfallsbrottslingar (3) som diagnostiserats med antisocial personlighetsstörning och psykopati, samt till (4) behandlingsmetoder som klassificeras som kapacitetsförbättringar riktade mot moralisk kompetens. Jag argumenterar för att vi har starka skäl att godta tesen, främst med hänseende på fördelarna det skulle innebära för patienten, potentiella brottsoffer, och samhället i stort. Jag diskuterar också de två allvarligaste invändningarna mot min tes – att behandlingen hotar patientens autonomi, respektive personliga identitet – men konstaterar slutligen att de inte tycks kunna falsifiera tesen.

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Carneiro, Lucas Botelho. „Alugam-se sacanagens: da regulação da prostituição no Brasil contemporâneo“. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3170.

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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
O presente trabalho procura contribuir para a promoção de um debate crítico e detalhado no que tange à configuração da sexualidade; controle do corpo e dignidade da pessoa humana mediante, principalmente, regulação estatal da prostituição no Brasil. Pretende-se ainda delimitar qual conceito de corpo a ser adotado ao longo da pesquisa, afim de que se compreenda a implicação do livre o uso do corpo na formação da identidade pessoal. O trabalho é composto por três capítulos e ao fim considerações finais. A primeira parte da pesquisa busca entender o conceito de sexualidade formulado por Michel Foucault, bem como a relação entre os mecanismos de poder e a formação da sexualidade. Com o propósito de compreender o atual contexto em que se pretende regular a atividade empreendese análise história dos modos pelos quais se regulou os usos dos corpos para fins sexuais, através da ação (ou inação) estatal. Tal exame será realizado no sentido de evidenciar as similitudes e diferenças entre as diversas formas de lidar com a prostituição, especialmente no contexto brasileiro. Casos emblemáticos de regulação estatal da prática e sua relação com demais mecanismos de poder, tais quais “Jardim Itatinga” e “República do Mangue” serão ao fim tratados. Em um segundo momento e com base no conceito de sexualidade e relações de poder formadores da mesma, tecer-se-á considerações a respeito da proteção ao corpo por meio dos direitos de personalidade. Tomando como pressuposto ser a limitação estatal da prostituição prática paternalista, inicia-se análise de uma forma legítima de paternalismo destinado à prostituição. Para tanto faz-se necessário a compreensão do conceito de autonomia privada. A análise da limitação ao exercício do direito ao próprio corpo passa ainda pelo entendimento da relação entre este e a psique. Procura-se, sobretudo, compreender de que forma a autonomia se relaciona com a formação da identidade pessoal (concepção tayloriana), bem como investigar o modo pelo qual a liberdade sexual emana da dignidade da pessoa humana. Em seguida, no terceiro capítulo, elabora-se breve análise histórica dos movimentos dos profissionais do sexo. Adiante é realizada contraposição dos principais argumentos contrários e favoráveis à regulação. Ao fim aspectos práticos quanto a este tocante serão examinados.
The present work seeks to contribute to encourage the critical and detailed debate regarding the conformation of sexuality, control of the body and of the dignity of the individual, mainly by the state regulation of prostitution in Brazil. It intends, moreover, to delimitate a concept of “body” to be adopted along the research, in order to comprehend the implication of the unimpeded use of the body at the formation of the personal identity. The article is divided in three chapters and final considerations. The first part seeks to comprehend the concept of sexuality formulated by Michel Foucault, as the correlations between mechanism of power and formation of sexuality. With the purpose of understanding the current context, in which there’s the intention of regulate the activity of prostitution, it is carried out a historical analysis of the ways by which the uses of the body was regulated by state action (or inaction). This analysis will be realized in order to reveal the similarities and differences between the various ways of dealing with prostitution, especially on the Brazilian context. Emblematic cases of state regulation of the practice and it’s relation with other mechanisms of power, such as “Jardim Itatinga” and “República do Mangue” will be discussed at the end. In another moment, based on the concept of sexuality shaped by power relations, considerations will be made regarding the body protection by means of personality rights. Presupposing the state limitation of prostitution a paternalistic practice, we analyze a legitimate way of paternalism intended to the prostitution. Therefore, it becomes necessary to comprehend the concept of private autonomy. The analysis of the limitation to the exercise of the right to one’s own body still passes by the understanding of the relation between the body and the psyche. It is intended, above all, to understand in which way the autonomy is related to the formation of the personal identity (taylorian notion), and investigate the way by which the sexual freedom derive from one’s dignity. On the third chapter it is elaborated a brief historical analysis of the sex workers’ movement. Then, it is realized a contraposition of the main arguments, contrary and in favor, to the regulation of prostitution. Finally, some practical aspects are examined.

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Jacoby, Barry Matthew. „A comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program: Its effect on the psychological and social concomitants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185879.

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The study, using a quasi-experimental design, examined the relationship between participation in a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program, locus of control, and the psychological and social concomitants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study investigated the following questions. To what degree participation in a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program emphasizing a psychosocial component would: (1) generally produce a shift in persons from an external locus of control toward an internal locus of control, (2) specifically decrease the perception of chance, fate, or powerful others to influence and determine personal health; and (3) will result in the lessening of perceived negative effects of the psychological and social concomitants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Two sample groups were evaluated in the study: (1) a group of 35 moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients enrolled in a 96-hour comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program with a 32-hour psychosocial instructional component, and (2) a group of 35 moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients receiving standard medical care at a Veterans Administration Hospital. Research instruments used for the study were the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and the Sickness Impact Profile. The research instruments were administered to each study group at approximately 16-week intervals. Results of the study indicated that participation in a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program emphasizing a psychosocial component did not produce a significant shift in program participants from an external locus of control toward an internal locus of control, nor did it produce a significant decrease in the perception of chance, fate, or powerful others to influence and determine personal health. However, the study results indicated that participation in a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program did produce a significant (P < .05) lessening of perceived negative physical and psychosocial effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as measured by the physical scale, psychosocial scale, and total score of the Sickness Impact Profile.

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Goteman, Samuel. „Autonomi utifrån personlig investering“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18360.

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Genom detta kandidatarbetet vill jag utmana och ifrågasätta autonomins roll inom speldesign, som ofta tolkas som att ge frihet eller självständighet åt spelaren. Jag har redogjort för autonomi utifrån en psykologisk utgångspunkt och en yttrad frihetsvillfarelse. Denna undersökning syftar till att utforska begreppet autonomi utifrån personlig investering och kunna applicera dessa kunskaper inom speldesign. En praktisk undersökning exemplifierar sedan tillämpningar genom en designprocess, bestående av spelanalyser och en spelgestaltning som prövar personlig investering genom olika designperspektiv, riskinnefattande val och roguelike element. Spelgestaltningen skapar en pågående interaktion mellan vänner och familj genom en webbplattform och involverar personliga värderingar, strategier och risker. Denna praktiska undersökning syftar även till att utvinna insikter och lärdomar som kan stå till grund för vidare forskning och förståelse för autonomi inom speldesign.
Through this bachelor thesis I wish to challenge and question the role of autonomy in game design, which is often interpreted as providing freedom or independence for the player. I’ve presented autonomy from a psychological standpoint and a described freedom fallacy. This study aims to explore the concept of autonomy from the view of personal investment and apply this knowledge within game design. A practical study then exemplifies applications through a design process, consisting of game analysis and a game design which tests personal investment through varying design perspectives, choices comprised of risks and roguelike elements. The game design establishes an ongoing interaction between friends and family through a web platform and involves personal values, strategies and risks. This practical study aims to extract insight and learnings which can be used as the basis for further studies and the understanding for autonomy through game design.

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Aciem, Tânia Medeiros. „Autonomia pessoal e social de pessoas com deficiência visual após a reabilitação“. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1557.

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This study aims to identify the contribution of specialized institutions as the personal and social autonomy of visually impaired people (blindness) after going through rehabilitation services, more than four hours a week, a minimum of two years, between the years 2002 to 2009. Study subjects are visually impaired people (blindness), who went through rehab, and their family members who accompanied the process. It is a research project with qualitative approach, by organizing interviews and questionnaires to collect data on social autonomy and personal independence of people with visual impairments. The study involved the six people with visual impairments, and six family members, one member to each person with visual impairment. The survey results indicate that rehabilitation alternatives provided for determining changes to people with visual impairments in their social context. The conquest or reconquest of personal and social autonomy of this population was reached, providing thus a better quality of life.
Este estudo visou identificar a autonomia pessoal e social de pessoas com deficiência visual (cegueira) após passarem por serviços de reabilitação, com mais de quatro horas semanais, num período mínimo de dois anos, entre os anos de 2002 a 2009. Foram sujeitos deste estudo pessoas com deficiência visual (cegueira), que passaram pela reabilitação, e os respectivos familiares que acompanharam o processo. Foi uma pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo, através da organização de questionários e entrevistas para a coleta dos dados. O estudo envolveu seis pessoas com deficiência visual, além dos seis familiares, correspondendo um para cada pessoa com deficiência visual. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a reabilitação proporcionou alternativas para mudanças determinantes às pessoas com deficiência visual em seu contexto social. A conquista, ou a reconquista da autonomia pessoal e social dessa população foi alcançada, propiciando, consequentemente, uma melhor qualidade de vida.

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Holm, Sophie, und Weibahr Sigirid Lauritsen. „Tonåringars upplevelser av att leva med typ 1-diabetes mellitus : en litteraturöversikt“. Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3575.

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Typ 1-diabetes mellitus är en kronisk sjukdom som orsakas av en försämrad insulinproduktion som på sikt leder till total insulinbrist och kräver därmed livslång behandling med insulin. Typ 1-diabetes mellitus debuterar främst under barn- eller tonåren. Att leva med sjukdomen kräver att individen ska själv kunna hantera och utföra egenvården. Övergången från barn till tonåring kan därmed vara en svår period då ansvaret för egenvården förflyttas från föräldrarna till tonåringen, samtidigt som fysiologiska, psykologiska samt sociala förändringar sker.
Type 1-diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by impaired insulin production which eventually leads to insulin deficiency and thus requires lifelong treatment with insulin. Type 1-diabetes mellitus debuts mainly during childhood or adolescence. Living with the disease requires the individual to be able to manage and perform self-care. The transition from child to adolescent can thus be a difficult period when the responsibility for self-care is transferred from the parents to the adolescent. While at the same time physiological, psychological and social changes take place.

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Coast, Mary Jo Ciancio. „Understanding respect through the lived experience of postpartum women /“. Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-159). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

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Clasen, Bianca Neme. „A autonomia dos usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial nas relações cotidianas“. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1894.

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The autonomy concerns the condition of self-determination and self-governance. Considering this affirmation, this study it had as objectives to know manifestations of the autonomies attitudinal, functional and emotional in expression of daily relations of users of a CAPS of municipality of Alegrete-RS. This is a qualitative, descriptive and analytical study. The subjects were 11 users. The data was collected through interviews held in the second semester of 2006. The data were analyzed in the light of the theoretical referential that understands the autonomies attitudinal, functional and emotional. With regard to the attitudinal autonomy it is observed it has on the part of the users the manifestation of the essential aptitudes and desires in the attitudes in areas of self care, in establishing interpersonal relations and for the work. The autonomy for the self care appears, over all, in the expression of practices related to hygiene, health care of the body through physical exercise and the commitment of some users to not leave to have the continuous supply of psychotropic drugs by the System of Health to all those who use them. The attitudinal autonomy to establish interpersonal relationships might be perceived through the exercise of desire and the decision of "with who", "in which situations" and "how to relate to, manage or intervene situations . The attitudinal autonomy for work emerges in the protected context of the work, in workshops, when the work happens in the space of the CAPS. Concerning the functional autonomy, it is observed that majority of subjects reveals to be capable of making decisions by themselves and trace strategies to achieve and to complete the goals. At this research, the functionality is characterized by maintain regularity, allowing the cases of decision making recur in daily life, while the attitudinal is an individual expression or even sporadic. The selfcare is portrayed through systematic practices of health care of the body, the maintenance of psychiatric treatment and the possibility to keep the functionality of daily conduits through the benefit that many users receive from the government. The autonomy to take care of domestic tasks was also evident in the speeches. Relations of daily care with the other, as well as the condition of being able to circulate for the territory seeking to establish or maintain relations of friendship and exchange had been also observed as important conditions for the exercise of functional autonomy. The autonomy to practice the work appears under different levels of independence as a condition in which subjects are, oscillating since the situation of accomplishment of assisted work, in protecting environment and with therapeutic intent, until to the 9 exercise of formal and wage-earning employment. The emotional autonomy is also an attribute in the reports, denoting the condition of self-reliance and emotional independence in relation to other people. This condition appears under the form of self-worth and the establishment of supportive relations, fueled by self-confidence and self-efficacy. Closes up, so that the purpose of the research are included in all testimonials, so the above autonomy were present in daily relationships of eleven subjects.
A autonomia incide na condição de autodeterminação e autogoverno. Considerando esta assertiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo reconhecer manifestações das autonomias atitudinal, funcional e emocional na expressão das relações cotidianas dos usuários de um CAPS do município de Alegrete-RS. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e analítico. Os sujeitos foram 11 usuários. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas realizadas no segundo semestre de 2006. Os dados foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico, que compreende as autonomias atitudinal, funcional e emocional. Com relação à autonomia atitudinal, observa-se que há por parte dos usuários a manifestação das principais aptidões e desejos nas atitudes nos âmbitos do autocuidado, no estabelecimento de relações interpessoais e para o trabalho. A autonomia para o autocuidado aparece, sobretudo, na expressão das práticas com relação à higiene, ao cuidado com a saúde do corpo e ao envolvimento de alguns usuários para que não deixe de haver o fornecimento continuado dos psicofármacos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde a todos aqueles que os utilizam. A autonomia atitudinal para estabelecer relações interpessoais pôde ser apreendida através do exercício do desejo e da decisão de com quem , em que situações e como se relacionar, intervir ou manejar situações . A autonomia atitudinal para o trabalho emerge no contexto do trabalho protegido nas oficinas, quando o trabalho se dá no espaço do CAPS. Acerca da autonomia funcional, observa-se que a maioria dos sujeitos mostra-se capaz de tomar decisões por si só e de traçar estratégias para alcançar e concluir metas. Nesta pesquisa, a funcionalidade caracteriza-se por manter uma regularidade, permitindo que as situações de tomada de decisão se repitam no cotidiano da vida, enquanto que a atitudinalidade é uma manifestação esporádica ou mesmo singular. O autocuidado é retratado por meio de práticas sistemáticas de cuidado com a saúde do corpo, pela manutenção do tratamento psiquiátrico e pela possibilidade de manter fluida a funcionalidade das condutas cotidianas através do benefício que muitos usuários recebem do governo. A autonomia para cuidar dos afazeres domésticos também foi evidenciada nos discursos. Relações de cuidado cotidiano com o outro, bem como a condição de ser capaz de circular pelo território em busca de estabelecer ou manter relações de amizade e de troca também foram observadas como condições importantes de exercício da autonomia funcional. A autonomia para a prática do trabalho aparece sob diferentes níveis conforme a condição de independência na 7 qual os sujeitos se encontram, oscilando desde a situação de realização de trabalho assistido, em ambiente protegido e com intuito terapêutico, até a de exercício de trabalho formal e assalariado. A autonomia emocional também é um atributo presente nos relatos, denotando a condição de autoconfiança e independência emocional em relação a outras pessoas. Essa condição aparece sob a forma de autovalorização e estabelecimento de relações solidárias, alimentadas pela autoconfiança e autoeficácia. Conclui-se, portanto, que o objetivo da pesquisa está contemplado nos depoimentos, de maneira que as autonomias supramencionadas se fizeram presentes nas relações cotidianas dos onze sujeitos estudados.

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Santos, Deivisson Vianna Dantas dos 1978. „A gestão autônoma da medicação : da prescrição à escuta“. [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313042.

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Orientador: Rosana Teresa Onocko Campos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: No contexto atual, onde o saber científico se sobrepõe ao saber experiencial, a inclusão das posições dos usuários de serviços de saúde no direcionamento dos seus tratamentos ainda está distante da realidade. Esta tese reporta aspectos de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve a oportunidade de intervir em práticas de cuidado em 10 serviços de saúde de dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo (Campinas e Amparo). Seguindo o princípio da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira da defesa dos direitos do usuário em participar das decisões sobre seu tratamento, utilizou-se a estratégia da gestão autônoma da medicação, de 2011 a 2012. Tal estratégia tem como proposta "empoderar" os usuários quanto ao uso de medicamentos em seus projetos terapêuticos. A partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os moderadores destes grupos, antes e depois da intervenção, construiu-se narrativas sob os preceitos da hermenêutica gadameriana. Os trabalhadores que experimentaram a estratégia assumiram um papel mais crítico quanto suas próprias práticas clínicas. Identificaram na metodologia horizontal, grupal e direcionada para uma escuta não filtrada pelas categóricas científicas do campo da saúde uma ferramenta para a valorização da voz dos usuários. Relataram que a individualidade de cada sujeito foi fonte de um saber capaz de promover uma clínica mais flexível e propícia para uma construção conjunta de ações de saúde. Perceberam também que os usuários puderam repensar o papel dos medicamentos em suas vidas e, apesar das resistências institucionais, autorizaram-se a negociar seus tratamentos com seus prescritores
Abstract: In a context where scientific knowledge overlaps the experiential knowledge, the practice of sharing decisions with patients is still far from reality, despite the consensus that physicians must base their recommendations on the patient¿s values rather than on their own. This study reports aspects of a qualitative research that had the opportunity to intervene in care practices in 10 health facilities at two Brazilian cities (Campinas and Amparo). Following the principle of Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, defending users' rights to participate in decisions about their treatment, we worked with the gaining autonomy and medication (GAM) guide in order to seek the empowerment of the users regarding the use of psychotropic medication in their therapeutic projects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the GAM Group¿s moderators before and after the intervention, the material collected was transformed in narratives according Gadamer¿s hermeneutic principles. From the analysis, among other things, the workers attested the difficulty of avoiding the exercise of power over users via administration of psychotropic drugs. Besides, the health workers began to take a more critical approach to their own clinical practices. They also reported to practice a more flexible clinic, making shared decisions with their patients regarding their treatments
Doutorado
Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde
Doutor em Saude Coletiva

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Ala-Mursula, L. (Leena). „Employee worktime control and health“. Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282183.

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Abstract The potential health effects of employee control over working times are poorly known in the field of work stress research. In this study, worktime control was hypothesized to buffer against stress by promoting successful combination of a full-time job with non-work demands and by enabling the work to be done at times of optimal resources. The participants were from the 10-Town Study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study exploring employee health in ten Finnish towns. The survey responses on worktime control and health (baseline survey in 1997: n = 6442, 67%; follow-up survey in 2000–01: n = 32299, 67%) were linked to registered sickness absences from the employers' records. Employee worktime control covered the perceived possibilities to influence the starting and ending times of a workday, the breaks, handling private matters during the workday, the scheduling of shifts, vacations and days off, and the taking of unpaid leaves, each of which was rated on a 1–5 scale. In the follow-up survey, influence on the length of the workday was also assessed. After a factor analysis, the subdimensions of control over daily working hours and control over days off were focused. It turned out that low worktime control predicted poor subjective health, psychological distress, and medically certified sickness absences for women. For men, low worktime control was not associated with subjective health, but predicted medically certified sickness absences for those with dependent children or employed in manual occupations. With respect to work stress, the men and women suffering from job strain or effort-reward imbalance had less medically certified sickness absences if they at least had control over their working times. The men and women with long domestic and total working hours and long commuting hours gained most from high worktime control in that their medically certified sickness absences were reduced. Vulnerability to long domestic and total working hours in terms of such absences was seen among both men and women, but there were few men working long domestic hours. Long paid working hours as such were not associated with sickness absences. In sum, high worktime control appeared to buffer against health problems and to promote a successful integration of domestic responsibilities with a full-time job. The findings expand the focus of work stress research and emphasize the importance of taking conditions at home into account when analysing employee health
Tiivistelmä Työaikojen hallinnan merkitys terveydelle tunnetaan työstressitutkimuksen alalla huonosti. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä oletettiin, että työaikojen hallinta voisi vähentää stressiä ja edistää terveyttä helpottamalla kokopäivätyön ja kotona tehtävän työn yhteensovittamista sekä mahdollistamalla työn tekemisen parhaiden voimavarojen vallitessa. Tutkimus toteutui osana Työterveyslaitoksen Kunta10 -tutkimusta, joka seuraa kymmenen suomalaisen kaupungin henkilöstön työolojen ja terveyden kehittymistä. Koettua työaikojen hallintaa ja terveyttä koskevat kyselyvastaukset (alkukysely v. 1997: n = 6442, 67 %; seurantakysely vv. 2000–01: n = 32299, 67 %) linkitettiin palkanmaksurekistereistä saatuihin sairauspoissaolotietoihin. Työaikojen hallinnan mittari sisälsi alkukyselyssä 5-luokkaisella asteikolla vastaajien kokemat vaikutusmahdollisuudet työpäivän alkamis- ja päättymisajankohtiin, taukoihin, yksityisasioiden hoitamiseen työpäivän kuluessa, työvuoroihin, lomien ja vapaapäivien ajankohtiin sekä palkattomien vapaiden pitämiseen. Seurantakyselyssä kartoitettiin myös vaikutusmahdollisuudet työpäivän pituuteen. Summamuuttujan faktorianalyysin jälkeen arvioitiin erikseen päivittäisten työaikojen hallintaa sekä loma-aikojen hallintaa. Tuloksissa huono työaikojen hallinta ennusti naisilla huonoksi koettua terveyttä, psyykkistä rasittuneisuutta sekä lääkärintodistusta vaativia yli kolmen päivän mittaisia sairauspoissaoloja. Miehillä huono työaikojen hallinta ei vaikuttanut itsearvioituun terveyteen, mutta ennusti lääkärintodistusta vaativia sairauspoissaoloja, jos heillä oli lapsia kotona tai jos he tekivät ruumiillista työtä. Hyvä työaikojen hallinta vähensi työstressiin liittyviä sairauspoissaoloja. Stressiä kuvattiin työn kovien vaatimusten ja huonon hallinnan yhdistelmällä sekä koettujen ponnistelujen ja palkkioiden epäsuhdalla. Eri elämänalueilla tehtyihin työtunteihin suhteutettuna hyvä työaikojen hallinta vähensi sairauspoissaoloja erityisesti niillä naisilla ja miehillä, joilla oli paljon kotityötunteja, työmatkatunteja tai totaalityötunteja. Sairauspoissaoloilla mitattuna naiset ja miehet olivat yhtä haavoittuvia pitkille kotityö- työmatka- ja totaalityötunneille, mutta miehillä pitkät kotityötunnit olivat harvinaisia. Pitkät palkkatyötunnit sinänsä eivät lisänneet sairauslomia. Tutkimus tuo työstressikirjallisuuteen vallitsevia malleja täydentävää tietoa työn ulkopuolisten tekijöiden merkityksestä työntekijöiden terveydelle. Tulokset kannustavat edistämään työntekijöiden mahdollisuuksia työaikojensa hallintaan sekä terveyden edistämisen että kokopäivätyön ja muun elämän menestyksellisen yhdistämisen näkökulmista

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Castro, Miriam Rêgo de. „Ressignificando-se como mulher na experiência do parto: experiência de participantes de movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-05112014-103526/.

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Introdução: A medicalização do parto é uma transformação cultural que influenciou a capacidade de enfrentamento autônomo da experiência de parir. As redes e movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto são apontados como promotores da autonomia no exercício do direito à saúde, na medida em que possibilitam apoio mútuo, compartilhamento de experiências e mobilização coletiva das mulheres para reivindicarem seus direitos no parto. Objetivos: 1) Compreender o significado para a mulher de sua participação nos movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto, a trajetória de gestação e parto dessa mulher e como essa participação influencia sua experiência de gestação e parto; 2) Elaborar um modelo teórico explicativo da experiência de gestação e parto da mulher que participa de movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, conduzida pelo referencial teórico do Interacionismo Simbólico e referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O cenário do estudo foi constituído por grupos de usuárias do movimento pela humanização do parto, em Belo Horizonte (MG). Os sujeitos foram 15 mulheres e os dados foram obtidos por meio de observação participante, entrevistas intensivas e análise textual de relatos de parto. Resultados: Foram construídas as categorias Rompendo barreiras em busca de uma experiência de parto normal, Conquistando o protagonismo no processo do parto e Ressignificando a experiência vivida, que permitiram compreender a trajetória de gestação e parto da mulher que integra os movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto. A análise e o modo como estas categorias interagem possibilitaram identificar a categoria central Ressignificando-se como mulher na experiência do parto. O modelo teórico explicita o movimento da mulher de ressignificar-se na experiência do parto, participando de uma engrenagem capaz de ressignificar culturalmente o parto, na medida em que cada mulher compartilha sua experiência e convida outras mulheres para participarem dos movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto. Deste modo, contribui para uma ressignificação cultural do parto como experiência fortalecedora para a mulher e com significado de superação e prazer. Ao ressignificar-se como mulher, ela se considera uma pessoa mais forte, capaz de cuidar de si e dos filhos, capaz de tudo o que desejar e transformada por sua experiência de parto. Mesmo quando não consegue parir, considera que a mulher tem direito de viver o parto como um evento que fortalece sua feminilidade e deseja lutar por esse direito, para que outras mulheres se superem e experimentem o prazer de parir. Conclusão: De modo consensual, as mulheres que participam de movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto compartilham entre si o significado do parto como experiência de superação e prazer. Esse processo contínuo, ao longo do tempo, é capaz de modificar a estrutura social que sustenta o significado do parto como sofrimento e risco e de ressignificar culturalmente o parto, sendo de grande relevância para países como o Brasil, com elevadas taxas de intervenções no parto, em especial, de cesarianas desnecessárias e indesejadas.
Introduction: The medicalization of childbirth is a cultural change that has affected womens empowerment to face their childbirth experience. Social networks and consumer movements for childbirth humanization are seen as promoters of womens autonomy on health right performance as they provide mutual support, the sharing of experiences and social mobilization of women to claim their rights in childbirth. Aims: 1) To understand the meaning according to womans perspectives on her involvement in social movements for the humanization of childbirth, her pathway during pregnancy and childbirth and how her own participation in the social movement have influenced pregnancy and birth experiences; 2) To develop a theoretical model in order to explain the experience of pregnancy and childbirth of woman participating in social movements for the humanization of childbirth. Method: Qualitative research carried out using the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism and the methodological framework of Grounded Theory. The study setting consisted of consumer health groups connected to the childbirth humanization movement in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. Data were collected through participant observation of the social movements groups as well as intensive face to face interviews and textual birth reports with fifteen women. Results: Analysis of the data elicited a number of themes. These included \"Breaking barriers searching for an experience of normal childbirth\", \"Conquering to place herself at the centre of her process of childbirth\" and \"Reframing the experience\" which allowed us to understand the pregnancy and childbirth stories of the woman who engaged in the movement for the humanization of childbirth. Further analysis of the interaction of these categories identified a core category: \"Reframing herself as a woman in the experience of childbirth\". The theoretical model explains how woman reframed herself in the experience of childbirth as each woman shares her experience and invites other women to join the movement to humanize childbirth. The movement therefore contributed to a cultural redefinition of childbirth as an empowering experience for woman and a source of resilience and pleasure. By reframing herself as a woman she considered herself a stronger person, able to care for herself and her children, able to make whatever she wants, and transformed by her experience of childbirth. Even when she can\'t give birth, believes that women have a right to live childbirth as an event that strengthens their femininity and want to fight for this right, in order that other women might also experience the pleasure of giving birth. Conclusion: Women who participate in social movements for the humanization of childbirth share among themselves the meaning of the childbirth as an experience of overcoming and pleasure. Over time, this process is able to change the dominant notion of childbirth as suffering and risky and to culturally reframe childbirth. This process is of great relevance in countries like Brazil, with high rates of intervention in childbirth, specially, unnecessary and unwanted caesarean section.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Psuchology and personal autonomy“

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