Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Psača“
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Gor, Dennis O., Xuedong Ding, Qing Li, John R. Schreiber, Michael Dubinsky und Neil S. Greenspan. „Enhanced Immunogenicity of Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A by Genetic Fusion to Cytokines and Evaluation of Protective Immunity in Mice“. Infection and Immunity 70, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2002): 5589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5589-5595.2002.
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ABSTRACT Immunization of mice with pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) provides protection against systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because the use of CFA is not acceptable in humans, we sought to develop alternative means of enhancing the immunogenicity of protein antigens of potential use in pneumococcal vaccines. We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1β. The PsaA-cytokine constructs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. Mice immunized with PsaA-Adj or PsaA-IL-4 were partially protected against intraperitoneal challenge with virulent S. pneumoniae (30% overall survival beyond 15 days postchallenge). Mice immunized with PsaA and no adjuvant or PsaA-IL-2 exhibited 0 or 5% survival rates, respectively, following challenge. In contrast, mice immunized twice with capsular polysaccharide were 100% protected. The modest levels of protection seen in mice immunized with PsaA and its more immunogenic derivatives may be explained in part by the relative inaccessibility of antibody to PsaA on the surface of encapsulated S. pneumoniae.
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Sommer, Frederik, Friedel Drepper, Wolfgang Haehnel und Michael Hippler. „The Hydrophobic Recognition Site Formed by Residues PsaA-Trp651and PsaB-Trp627of Photosystem I inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiConfers Distinct Selectivity for Binding of Plastocyanin and Cytochromec6“. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, Nr. 19 (02.03.2004): 20009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m313986200.
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On the lumenal side of photosystem I (PSI), each of the two large core subunits, PsaA and PsaB, expose a conserved tryptophan residue to the surface. PsaB-Trp627is part of the hydrophobic recognition site that is essential for tight binding of the two electron donors plastocyanin and cytochromec6to the donor side of PSI (Sommer, F., Drepper, F., and Hippler, M. (2002)J. Biol. Chem.277, 6573–6581). To examine the function of PsaA-Trp651in binding and electron transfer of both donors to PSI, we generated the mutants PsaA-W651F and PsaA-W651S by site-directed mutagenesis and biolistic transformation ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii.The protein-protein interaction and the electron transfer between the donors and PSI isolated from the mutants were analyzed by flash absorption spectroscopy. The mutation PsaA-W651F completely abolished the formation of a first order electron transfer complex between plastocyanin (pc) and the altered PSI and increased the dissociation constant for binding of cytochrome (cyt)c6by more than a factor of 10 as compared with wild type. Mutation of PsaA-Trp651to Ser had an even larger impact on the dissociation constant. TheKDvalue increased another 2-fold when the values obtained for the interaction and electron transfer between cytc6and PSI from PsaA-W651S and PsaA-W651F are compared. In contrast, binding and electron transfer of pc to PSI from PsaA-W651S improved as compared with PSI from PsaA-W651F and admitted the formation of an inter-molecular electron transfer complex, resulting in aKDvalue of about 554 μmthat is still five times higher than observed for wild type. These results demonstrate that PsaA-Trp651is, such as PsaB-Trp627, crucial for high affinity binding of pc and cytc6to PSI. Our results also indicate that the highly conserved structural recognition motif that is formed by PsaA-Trp651and PsaB-Trp627confers a differential selectivity in binding of both donors to PSI.
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Ataman-Duruel, E. Tuğba, Onurcem Duruel, Ilser Turkyilmaz und Tolga F. Tözüm. „Anatomic Variation of Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery: Review of Literature and Case Introduction“. Journal of Oral Implantology 45, Nr. 1 (01.02.2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00056.
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The objective of this article is to review topography of posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA), and to present a case with visualization of a rare anatomic variation of PSAA. An electronic search was undertaken to identify articles about topography of PSAA in Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar databases, published between January 1977 and December 2017. Two animal studies, 8 cadaver studies, 18 cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) studies, and 2 review articles were found. The animal studies, cadaver studies, and review articles were excluded because they were not about topography of PSAA. Only CBCT studies were included in this review. Accurate knowledge of vital structures in the surgical area is critical during surgical procedures. PSAA should be analyzed during planning sinus lifting with lateral approach. In the present case, a detailed evaluation of patient by CBCT provided the opportunity to find out a rare variation of PSAA with multiple vessels.
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Huang, Xiao-Zhe, und Luther E. Lindler. „The pH 6 Antigen Is an Antiphagocytic Factor Produced by Yersinia pestis Independent of Yersinia Outer Proteins and Capsule Antigen“. Infection and Immunity 72, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2004): 7212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.12.7212-7219.2004.
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ABSTRACT The pH 6 antigen (pH 6 Ag; PsaA) of Yersinia pestis has been shown to be a virulence factor. In this study, we set out to investigate the possible function of Y. pestis PsaA in a host cell line, RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, in order to better understand the role it might play in virulence. Y. pestis KIM5 derivatives with and without the pCD1 plasmid and their psaA isogenic counterparts and Escherichia coli HB101 and DΗ5α carrying a psaA clone or a vector control were used for macrophage infections. Macrophage-related bacteria and gentamicin-resistant intracellular bacteria generated from plate counting and direct microscopic examinations were used to evaluate these RAW264.7 macrophage infections. Y. pestis psaA isogenic strains did not show any significant difference in their abilities to associate with or bind to mouse macrophage cells. However, expression of psaA appeared to significantly reduce phagocytosis of both Y. pestis and E. coli by mouse macrophages (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that complementation of psaA mutant Y. pestis strains could completely restore the ability of the bacteria to resist phagocytosis. Fluorescence microscopy following differential labeling of intracellular and extracellular Y. pestis revealed that significantly lower numbers of psaA-expressing bacteria were located inside the macrophages. Enhanced phagocytosis resistance was specific for bacteria expressing psaA and did not influence the ability of the macrophages to engulf other bacteria. Our data demonstrate that Y. pestis pH 6 Ag does not enhance adhesion to mouse macrophages but rather promotes resistance to phagocytosis.
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Fitriani, Indah. „PERAN PERPUSTAKAAN MINI DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI ANAK-ANAK PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK (PSAA) TUNAS MELATI BANDUNG“. Dharmakarya 11, Nr. 3 (29.11.2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/dharmakarya.v11i3.31784.
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Penulisan artikel PKM ini bertujuan untuk tetap berkontribusi kepada masyarakat, khususnya bagi anak-anak di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA) Tunas Melati, di tengah pandemi Covid-19 dengan cara pengadaan perpustakaan mini. Sebelum penyebaran Covid 19, kegiatan PKM di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA) Tunas Melati sudah pernah dilaksanakan. Namun, dengan adanya Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) di Bandung, kegiatan PKM lanjutan di PSAA Tunas Melati pun tidak dapat dilakukan secara tatap muka langsung. Oleh karena itu, agar tetap dapat berkontribusi terhadap PSAA Tunas Melati, maka kegiatan PKM pun dilakukan dengan cara mengirimkan buku-buku dan rak-rak buku yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat perpustakaan mini di panti tersebut. Mengenai bagaimana peran perpustakaan mini bagi anak-anak PSAA Tunas Melati Bandung, melalui metode kuesioner dengan penyajian hasil melalui deskriptif analisis, kami mencoba untuk memaparkan manfaat apa saja yang dirasakan anak-anak PSAA Tunas Melati setelah adanya perpustakaan mini di tengah PSBB karena adanya pendemi Covid 19. Hasil pengamatan kami menunjukkan bahwa peran perpustakaan mini bagi anak-anak PSAA Tunas Melati adalah anak-anak dapat menghilangkan kebosanan dengan buku, anak-anak merasa mendapatkan pengalaman baru dengan membaca buku dan mereka lambat laun merasakan keakraban dengan buku dan perpustakaan.
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Romero-Steiner, Sandra, Tamar Pilishvili, Jacquelyn S. Sampson, Scott E. Johnson, Annie Stinson, George M. Carlone und Edwin W. Ades. „Inhibition of Pneumococcal Adherence to Human Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells by Anti-PsaA Antibodies“. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, Nr. 2 (März 2003): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.2.246-251.2003.
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ABSTRACT The role of pneumococcal (Pnc) surface adhesin A (PsaA) in the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) to host cells is not well defined. We examined the effect of anti-PsaA antibodies in an inhibition of adherence assay using Detroit 562 nasopharyngeal human epithelial cells. Rabbit polyclonal (Pab) anti-recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) sera, a purified mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (MAb 6F62G8E12), and 22 healthy adult sera with known anti-PsaA IgG levels (obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit Pnc adherence to confluent monolayers (measured as percent reduction in CFU counts compared to those of uninhibited controls). Pnc adherence was dependent on capsular phenotype (no or low adherence for opaque strains). With an inoculum of 104 to 105 bacteria/well, the mean ± standard deviation count in controls was 163 ± 32 CFU/well for transparent strains. Low adherence was observed for a PsaA-minus mutant even at higher inoculum doses. Mean percent inhibitions of adherence with Pab and MAb were 54 and 50%, respectively. Adult sera showed inhibition in a dose-response fashion with a range of 98 to 8%, depending on the serum anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Absorption of Pab with rPsaA restored Pnc adherence to control levels. Absorption of sera with a PsaA-minus mutant did not result in a significant decrease (P >0.05) of inhibition of adherence activity. Additionally, nearly 100% of Pnc adherence was inhibited by lipidated rPsaA at 2.5 μg/ml. Our data support the argument that PsaA is an adhesin that mediates Pnc adherence to human nasopharyngeal cells. This functional assay may be useful in evaluating antibodies elicited in response to PsaA vaccination.
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Tseng, Hsing-Ju, Alastair G. McEwan, James C. Paton und Michael P. Jennings. „Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: PsaA Mutants Are Hypersensitive to Oxidative Stress“. Infection and Immunity 70, Nr. 3 (März 2002): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.3.1635-1639.2002.
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ABSTRACT psaA encodes a 37-kDa pneumococcal lipoprotein which is part of an ABC Mn(II) transport complex. Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 psaA mutants have previously been shown to be significantly less virulent than wild-type D39, but the mechanism underlying the attenuation has not been resolved. In this study, we have shown that psaA and psaD mutants are highly sensitive to oxidative stress, i.e., to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which might explain why they are less virulent than the wild-type strain. Our investigations revealed altered expression of the key oxidative-stress response enzymes superoxide dismutase and NADH oxidase in psaA and psaD mutants, suggesting that PsaA and PsaD may play important roles in the regulation of expression of oxidative-stress response enzymes and intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Poloz, Yekaterina, Andrew Catalano und Danton H. O'Day. „Bestatin Inhibits Cell Growth, Cell Division, and Spore Cell Differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum“. Eukaryotic Cell 11, Nr. 4 (17.02.2012): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.05311-11.
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ABSTRACTBestatin methyl ester (BME) is an inhibitor of Zn2+-binding aminopeptidases that inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. We have usedDictyosteliumas a model organism to study the effects of BME. Only two Zn2+-binding aminopeptidases have been identified inDictyosteliumto date, puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase A and B (PsaA and PsaB). PSA from other organisms is known to regulate cell division and differentiation. Here we show that PsaA is differentially expressed throughout growth and development ofDictyostelium, and its expression is regulated by developmental morphogens. We present evidence that BME specifically interacts with PsaA and inhibits its aminopeptidase activity. Treatment of cells with BME inhibited the rate of cell growth and the frequency of cell division in growing cells and inhibited spore cell differentiation during late development. Overexpression of PsaA-GFP (where GFP is green fluorescent protein) also inhibited spore cell differentiation but did not affect growth. Using chimeras, we have identified that nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization of PsaA affects the choice between stalk or spore cell differentiation pathway. Cells that overexpressed PsaA-GFP (primarily nuclear) differentiated into stalk cells, while cells that overexpressed PsaAΔNLS2-GFP (cytoplasmic) differentiated into spores. In conclusion, we have identified that BME inhibits cell growth, division, and differentiation inDictyosteliumlikely through inhibition of PsaA.
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lmaz, Sebiha, und Ferit Bayram. „Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery Thickness and Intraoperative Bleeding in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Procedures“. Annals of Medical Research 31, Nr. 6 (2024): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2024.01.013.
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the thickness of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and the intraoperative bleeding volume during maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) procedures. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving 24 consecutive participants who underwent MSFA at a university hospital in Turkey. The thickness of the PSAA was assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Intraoperative data were collected to measure bleeding volume. The statistical analysis included Spearman correlation analysis to determine the relationship between PSAA thickness and bleeding volume. Results: The present study revealed no significant correlation between the thickness of the PSAA and the volume of intraoperative bleeding. The mean PSAA thickness was 1.36 mm (SD: 0.40 mm), and the widest canal diameter was 2.40 mm. Univariate analysis revealed no significant associations between PSAA diameter and the assessed factors, with β values ranging from -10.510 to 6.814 and p values all above 0.2. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the thickness of the PSAA, as determined by CBCT, may not be a predictive factor for intraoperative bleeding during MSFA procedures. This study contributes to the understanding of surgical risk management in MSFA patients and supports the continued use of CBCT for preoperative assessment.
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Guerrero-Sánchez, Yolanda, Francisco José Gómez García, Manuel Fernández-Martínez, Blanca Pallarés Martínez und Pia López-Jornet. „Anatomical Considerations and Study of the Fractal Dimension around the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery“. Symmetry 12, Nr. 7 (16.07.2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071177.
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The Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery (PSAA) provides vascular support to molars, gingiva, and maxillary sinus. A tear of the PSAA may cause profuse hemorrhages which may lead to complications at a surgical level. As such, it becomes crucial to anatomically analyse several features regarding the PSAA as well as the area surrounding it. In this paper, we are particularly interested in the study of the complexity of the periodontal tissue structure which appears close to the location of the PSAA. A total amount of 400 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (two per subject) were performed to explore the presence of the PSAA, the thickness of the Schneider’s membrane, and the existence of septa. Several parameters were evaluated including the location of the artery in the maxillary sinus, the distance from the PSAA to the alveolar ridge, the thickness of the membrane, the diameter of the cavities produced by the septa, and the fractal dimension of the trabecular tissue that surrounds the PSAA. They were found strong linear relationships between Distal and Central Measures (a Pearson’s R 2 = 0.9952 ), Mesial and Central Measures ( R 2 = 0.9950 ), and Distal and Mesial Measure ( R 2 = 0.997 ). We hypothesised that the loss of dental pieces would imply a distinct complexity of the trabecular tissue structure surrounding the PSAA. In this way, a p-value equal to 0.001 was provided by the Mann-Whitney test, which supports our hypothesis. Furthermore, the mean of the fractal dimensions of the group of edentulous patients (equal to 1.56 ) was found to be lower than the one of the group of non-edentulous patients (equal to 1.61 ) with small standard deviations in both cases. Our study suggests that accurate calculations of the fractal dimension combined with the use of CBCT do provide valuable information regarding the area that surrounds the PSAA.
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Wang, Shifeng, Yuhua Li, Huoying Shi, Giorgio Scarpellini, Ascencion Torres-Escobar, Kenneth L. Roland und Roy Curtiss. „Immune Responses to Recombinant Pneumococcal PsaA Antigen Delivered by a Live Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine“. Infection and Immunity 78, Nr. 7 (17.05.2010): 3258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00176-10.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide and particularly in developing countries. In this study, we evaluated PsaA, a conserved antigen important for S. pneumoniae adhesion to and invasion into nasopharynx epithelia, for its ability to induce protective immunity against S. pneumoniae challenge when delivered by recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASVs) strains. RASVs were engineered to synthesize PsaA peptides of various lengths. Vaccination with an RASV synthesizing full-length PsaA induced high titers of anti-PsaA antibodies in both systemic (IgG in serum) and mucosal (IgA in vaginal washes, nasal washes, and lung homogenates) sites. BALB/c (haplotype H2d) or C57BL/6 (haplotype H2b) mice vaccinated either orally or intranasally exhibited a significant reduction in colonization of nasopharyngeal tissues after intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae strains compared to controls, although protection was not observed with all challenge strains. None of the vaccine constructs provided protection against intraperitoneal challenge with S. pneumoniae strain WU2 (serotype 3). Immunization with RASVs synthesizing truncated PsaA generated lower titers of IgA and IgG and did not provide significant protection. Our results showed that RASVs synthesizing full-length PsaA can provide protection against nasal colonization by some S. pneumoniae strains. PsaA may be a useful addition to a multivalent vaccine, providing protection against pneumonia, otitis media, and other diseases caused by S. pneumoniae.
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Pissis, Nikolas. „“Little Malta”: Psara and the Peculiarities of naval warfare in the Greek Revolution“. Open Military Studies 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0136.
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Abstract The tiny island of Psara, located in the northeastern Aegean Sea, constitutes a lieu de mémoire for the Greek War of Independence. Psara occupied a prominent place in Philhellenic discourse due to the spectacular achievements of the island’s fireships and due to the bloody reprisals after an attack in 1824 by the Ottoman navy. This chapter utilizes the case of Psara as a laboratory for examining various questions related to military history (such as the nature of naval operations, their resources, techniques, and command) in an Ottoman and Mediterranean framework (particularly involving the legacy of the Russian–Ottoman War of 1768–1774). It addresses the broader issues and debates concerning the immediate causes of the outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821 as well as the perceptions of events (e.g., the looting of Muslim settlements on the Anatolian coast by Psara’s warships). The study draws on a neglected corpus of sources, including the voluminous “Archive of Psara” (Academy of Athens, 1974) and naval diaries of Greek war ships.
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Johnston, Jason W., Lisa E. Myers, Martina M. Ochs, William H. Benjamin, David E. Briles und Susan K. Hollingshead. „Lipoprotein PsaA in Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Surface Accessibility and Role in Protection from Superoxide“. Infection and Immunity 72, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2004): 5858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.5858-5867.2004.
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ABSTRACT PsaA of Streptococcus pneumoniae, originally believed to be an adhesin, is the lipoprotein component of an Mn2+ transporter. Mutations in psaA cause deficiencies in growth, virulence, adherence, and the oxidative stress response. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that PsaA is hidden beneath the cell wall and the polysaccharide capsule and only exposed to antibodies upon cell wall removal. A psaBC deletion mutant, expressing PsaA normally, was as deficient in adherence to Detroit 562 cells as were strains lacking PsaA. Thus, PsaA does not appear to act directly as an adhesin, but rather, psaA mutations indirectly affect this process through the disruption of Mn2+ transport. The deficiency in Mn2+ transport also causes hypersensitivity to oxidative stress from H2O2 and superoxide. In a chemically defined medium, growth of the wild-type strain was possible in the absence of Fe2+ and Mn2+ cations after a lag of about 15 h. Addition of Mn2+ alone or together with Fe2+ allowed prompt and rapid growth. In the absence of Mn2+, the addition of Fe2+ alone extended the 15-h lag phase to 25 h. Thus, while Fe2+ adversely affects the transition from lag phase to log phase, perhaps through increasing oxidative stress, this effect is relieved by the presence of Mn2+. A scavenger specific for superoxides but not those specific for hydroxyl radicals or H2O2 was able to eliminate the inhibition of growth caused by iron supplementation in the absence of Mn2+. This implies that superoxides are a key player in oxidative stress generated in the presence of iron.
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Nielen, Wouter M., Joshua D. Willott und Wiebe M. de Vos. „Solvent and pH Stability of Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) Membranes Prepared by Aqueous Phase Separation (APS)“. Membranes 11, Nr. 11 (29.10.2021): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110835.
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In the single-polyelectrolyte aqueous phase separation (APS) approach, membranes are prepared by precipitating a weak polyelectrolyte from a concentrated aqueous solution using a pH switch. This has proven to be a versatile and more sustainable method compared to conventional approaches as it significantly reduces the use of organic solvents. Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (PSaMA) is a polymer that has been extensively investigated for APS and has been the basis for both open and dense membranes with good performances. These membranes are chemically crosslinked and, in this work, we further investigated ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared with PSaMA for their stability in various organic solvents and under different pH conditions. It was shown that these membranes had stable performances in both isopropanol (IPA) and toluene, and a slightly reduced performance in N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP). However, PSaMA did not perform well as a selective layer in these solvents, indicating that the real opportunity would be to use the UF-type PSaMA membranes as solvent-stable support membranes. Additionally, the membranes proved to be stable in an acidic-to-neutral pH regime (pH 2–7); and, due to the pH-responsive nature of PSaMA, for the NF membranes, a pH-dependent retention of Mg2+ and SO42− ions was observed and, for the UF membranes, a strong responsive behavior was observed, where the pH can be used to control the membrane permeability. However, long-term exposure to elevated pH conditions (pH 8–10) resulted in severe swelling of the NF membranes, resulting in defect formation, and compaction of the UF membranes. For the UF membranes, this compaction did prove to be reversible for some but not all of the membrane samples measured. These results showed that in aqueous systems, membranes prepared with PSaMA had interesting responsive behaviors but performed best at neutral and acidic pH values. Moreover, the membranes exhibited excellent stability in the organic solvents IPA and toluene
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Zhang, Qibo, Sharon Choo und Adam Finn. „Immune Responses to Novel Pneumococcal Proteins Pneumolysin, PspA, PsaA, and CbpA in Adenoidal B Cells from Children“. Infection and Immunity 70, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2002): 5363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5363-5369.2002.
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ABSTRACT Studies of mice suggest that pneumococcal proteins, including PspA, pneumolysin, PsaA, and CbpA, are promising vaccine candidates. To determine whether these proteins are good mucosal immunogens in humans, adenoidal lymphocytes from 20 children who had adenoidectomies were isolated and tested by ELISpot for antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). Cells were also cultured for 7 days in the presence of a concentrated culture supernatant (CCS) from a type 14 strain of pneumococcus which contained secreted pneumococcal proteins, including PspA, pneumolysin, PsaA, and CbpA, and then tested by ELISpot. ELISpot assays done on freshly isolated cells detected ASCs to all four antigens in most children studied. However, there were differences both between antigens and between isotypes. The densities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) ASCs against both PsaA and CbpA were significantly higher than those of ASCs for PspA and PdB (pneumolysin toxoid B) (P < 0.001). For all antigens, the numbers of IgA ASCs tended to be lower than those of both IgG and IgM ASCs. The numbers of anti-CbpA and -PsaA IgA ASCs were higher than those of anti-PdB IgA ASCs (P < 0.01). Concentrations of IgA antibodies to PspA and PsaA in saliva correlated with the numbers of IgA ASCs to PspA and PsaA in freshly isolated adenoidal cells, but no such correlation was found between salivary IgG antibody concentrations and IgG ASCs to the four antigens in adenoidal cells. In cultured cells, anti-PspA, -PsaA, and -CbpA IgG ASCs proliferated significantly, but only two of eight samples showed >2-fold increases in anti-CbpA and -PspA IgA ASCs after CCS stimulation. The results suggest that CbpA, PsaA, and PspA may be good upper respiratory mucosal antigens in children. Adenoids may be important inductive sites for memory IgG responses and important sources of salivary IgA. Some protein antigens may also prime for mucosal IgA memory. These data support the effort to explore mucosal immunization against pneumococcal infection.
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Jado, Isabel, Asunción Fenoll, Julio Casal und Amalia Pérez. „Identification of the psaA Gene, Coding for Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A, in Viridans Group Streptococci other than Streptococcus pneumoniae“. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, Nr. 5 (01.09.2001): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.5.895-898.2001.
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ABSTRACT The gene encoding the pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) protein has been identified in three different viridans group streptococcal species. Comparative studies of the psaA gene identified in different pneumococcal isolates by sequencing PCR products showed a high degree of conservation among these strains. PsaA is encoded by an open reading frame of 930 bp. The analysis of this fragment inStreptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, andStreptococcus anginosus strains revealed a sequence identity of 95, 94, and 90%, respectively, to the corresponding open reading frame of the previously reported Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B strain. Our results confirm thatpsaA is present and detectable in heterologous bacterial species. The possible implications of these results for the suitability and potential use of PsaA in the identification and diagnosis of pneumococcal diseases are discussed.
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Garzón-Posse, Fabián Andrés, Jorge Emilio Parra-Amin und Diego Ricardo Muñoz-Cendales. „Phytochemical study and antifungal activity of leaf and flower extracts of the Asteraceae species Chromolaena scabra (LF) R. King & H. Rob.“ Universitas Scientiarum 27, Nr. 1 (09.03.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc271.psaa.
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The Chromolaena genus is composed by about 170 plant species widely distributed in tropical areas. Several kinds of secondary metabolites and different biological activities have been described for species belonging to Chromolaena. This work described, for the first time, the phytochemical analysis of different polarity leaf and flower extracts of the Colombian species Chromolaena scabra (LF)R. King & H. Rob. Conducted assays resulted in the purification and identification of fatty acids derivatives, steroids, a diterpene, and flavonoid metabolites. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of the main groups of secondary metabolites: steroids, triterpenes, carotenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids. In parallel, the antifungal activity of these C. scabra leaf and flowerextracts against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, was determined.
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Idrovo, Fabio, und Tiffany Cevallos-Vilatuña. „Partial sequence analysis and relative expression of the HSP70 gene of Vasconcellea pubescens“. Universitas Scientiarum 28, Nr. 3 (27.09.2023): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc283.psaa.
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Environmental factors affect nearly all land areas on the planet. Global warming is one of the most destructive of these factors because it has adverse effects on crop production systems. Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with stress factors. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are one of those mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed a partial gene sequence that encodes for HSP70 protein in Vasconcellea pubescens. We also measured the relative expression of the gene in plantlets of Vasconcellea pubescens and performed biochemical assays under heat stress. The plantlets were exposed to three temperatures 25° C (control), 45 °C and 55 °C (stress temperatures) for 4 hours. The bioinformatic analysis led to the first description of a partial sequence of the HSP70 gene and its evolutionary history in V. pubescens. We found significant differences for relative expression of theHSP70 gene, percentage of electrolyte leakage, and proline content between plants subjected to heat stress and those in the control group. Our results showed that V. pubescens displays thermotolerance even under extreme temperatures. V. pubescens is a poorly studied species that may contain genes of biotechnological interest (such as HSP70) that could be used for plant genetic modification.
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Briles, David E., Eddie Ades, James C. Paton, Jacquelyn S. Sampson, George M. Carlone, Robert C. Huebner, Anni Virolainen, Edwin Swiatlo und Susan K. Hollingshead. „Intranasal Immunization of Mice with a Mixture of the Pneumococcal Proteins PsaA and PspA Is Highly Protective against Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae“. Infection and Immunity 68, Nr. 2 (01.02.2000): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.796-800.2000.
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ABSTRACT Acquisition of pneumococci is generally from carriers rather than from infected individuals. Therefore, to induce herd immunity againstStreptococcus pneumoniae it will be necessary to elicit protection against carriage. Capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugates, PspA, and PsaA are known to elicit some protection against nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci but do not always completely eliminate carriage. In this study, we observed that PsaA elicited better protection than did PspA against carriage. Pneumolysin elicited no protection against carriage. Immunization with a mixture of PsaA and PspA elicited the best protection against carriage. These results indicate that PspA and PsaA may be useful for the elicitation of herd immunity in humans. As PspA and pneumolysin are known to elicit immunity to bacteremia and pneumonia, their inclusion in a mucosal vaccine may enable such a vaccine to prevent invasive disease as well as carriage.
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Nurlianti, Yuli, Zaenal Mutaqin und Chatib Saefullah. „Bimbingan Akhlak dalam Membantuk Karakter Anak Asuh“. Irsyad : Jurnal Bimbingan, Penyuluhan, Konseling, dan Psikoterapi Islam 8, Nr. 2 (30.06.2020): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/irsyad.v8i2.195.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas bimbingan akhlak di PSAA Rumah Bening Nurani (YABNI) Tanjungsari Sumedang yang meliputi proses pelaksanaan dan tujuan tercapainya program bimbingan akhlak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, diperoleh: pelaksanaan bimbingan akhlak di PSAA Rumah Bening Nurani (YABNI) Tanjungsari Sumedang dapat dikatakan belum efektif, dikarenakan pelaksanaan bimbingan akhlak di di PSAA Rumah Bening Nurani belum dilakukan secara terstruktur, sedangkan suatu bimbingan haruslah dilakukan dengan terstruktur dan berkesinambungan agar hasil yang di diperoleh dapat maksimal. Meskipun beberapa tujuan dari program bimbingan ini telah tercapai, yakni anak asuh mengalami perubahan sikap setelah berada di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak Rumah Bening Nurani. Adapun karakter berbasis islami yang ada pada diri anak asuh di PSAA Bening Nurani Tanjungsari Sumedang tidak hanya tercapai karena adanya pelaksanaan bimbingan akhlak saja, adanya faktor lain yang ikut mempengaruhi tercapainya tujuan dari program bimbingan akhlak yakni karena adanya kegiatan keagamaan.
This study aims to research the effectiveness of moral guidance in PSAA Rumah Bening Nurani (YABNI) Tanjungsari Sumedang which includes the implementation process and the goal of achieving the moral guidance program. The research method used is descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of research data analysis, obtained: the implementation of moral guidance in PSAA Bening Nurani House (YABNI) Tanjungsari Sumedang can be said not effective, because the implementation of moral guidance in the PSAA Rumah Bening Nurani has not been done in a structured, while a guidance must be done with a structured and sustainable so that the results obtained can be maximized. Although some of the goals of this guidance program have been achieved, the foster children experience a change of attitude after being in the Children's Home Children Care Rumah Bening Nurani. The Islamic-based character that is in the foster children in PSAA Bening Nurani Tanjungsari Sumedang not only achieved because of the implementation of moral guidance alone, the existence of other factors that influence the achievement of the goal of the moral guidance program that is because of religious activities.
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Bedelog˘lu, Elçin, und Mustafa Yalçın. „Evaluation of the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery Prior to Sinus Floor Elevation via Lateral Window Technique: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study“. Journal of Advanced Oral Research 11, Nr. 2 (22.08.2020): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206820940463.
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Aim: To evaluate the prevalence, diameter, localization of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and the relationship between PSAA and the floor of the maxillary sinus and the thickness of the maxillary sinus lateral wall using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, more than 500 CBCT images were retrieved. Out of them 156 CBCT images were related to the sinus floor elevation, among which 120 CBCT images were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion criteria, and 36 CBCT images were excluded. A total of 120 CBCT images of the PSSA from 60 patients comprising 32 (53.3%) men and 28 (46.7%) women were analyzed. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 22. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency) were used for the analyses. Results: The ages of the participants ranged between 26 and 76 years and the mean age was 54.48 ± 10.92 years. The PSAA was detected on the right side in 95% of the CBCT scans and on the left side in 85% of the maxillary sinuses. At the first detection point (FDP) and last detection point (LDP), the mean values of the distance between the inferior border of the PSAA and the floor of the maxillary sinus were 9.54 ± 4.27 mm and 7.91 ± 4.75 mm, respectively. The mean diameters of the PSAA at the FDP and LDP were 1.36 ± 0.46 mm and 1.12 ± 0.35 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Detection of the characteristics of the PSAA by using CBCT is crucial for handling the sinus floor elevation procedures uneventfully.
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Pimenta, F. C., E. N. Miyaji, A. P. M. Arêas, M. L. S. Oliveira, A. L. S. S. de Andrade, P. L. Ho, S. K. Hollingshead und L. C. C. Leite. „Intranasal Immunization with the Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Pneumococcal Surface Antigen A Fusion Protein Induces Protection against Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Has Negligible Impact on the Nasopharyngeal and Oral Microbiota of Mice“. Infection and Immunity 74, Nr. 8 (August 2006): 4939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00134-06.
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ABSTRACT One of the candidate proteins for a mucosal vaccine antigen against Streptococcus pneumoniae is PsaA (pneumococcal surface antigen A). Vaccines targeting mucosal immunity may raise concerns as to possible alterations in the normal microbiota, especially in the case of PsaA, which was shown to have homologs with elevated sequence identity in other viridans group streptococci. In this work, we demonstrate that intranasal immunization with a cholera toxin B subunit-PsaA fusion protein is able to protect mice against colonization with S. pneumoniae but does not significantly alter the natural oral or nasopharyngeal microbiota of mice.
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Morrison, Katherine E., Derrick Lake, Jennifer Crook, George M. Carlone, Edwin Ades, Richard Facklam und Jacquelyn S. Sampson. „Confirmation of psaA in All 90 Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR and Potential of This Assay for Identification and Diagnosis“. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.434-437.2000.
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ABSTRACT The gene encoding the pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) protein, psaA , was confirmed in all Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes by a newly developed PCR ( psaA PCR) assay. Eighty-nine of the 90 serotypes amplified produced an 838-bp fragment; the exception was a serotype 16F strain acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Analysis of 20 additional 16F strains from the United States and Brazil showed that the gene was amplified in all 16F strains, implying that the serotype 16F ATCC strain must be a variant. The specificity of the assay was verified by the lack of signal from analysis of heterologous bacterial species ( n = 30) and genera ( n = 14), including viridans group streptococci. The potential of the assay for clinical application was shown by its ability to detect pneumococci in culture-positive nasopharyngeal specimens. Demonstration of psaA in all 90 serotypes and lack of amplification of heterologous organisms suggest that this assay could be a useful tool for detection of pneumococci and diagnosis of disease.
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Rai, Shalu, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Ankit Jain, Priyanka Dabas, Qaiser Ali und Manish Kumar. „Assessment of neurovascular channels in lateral maxillary sinus wall using cone-beam computed tomography: An imperative clinicians guide for implant placements“. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 15, Nr. 1 (2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_38_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the location and radio morphometric features of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in patients undergoing rehabilitation of posterior maxilla and other sinus augmentation surgical procedures by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 816 CBCT scans were included. Various radio morphometric measurements were done to assess the PSAA location, diameter, and distances to the sinus floor and alveolar crest. Results: The PSAA was mostly intraosseous in the maximum in the age group 31–51 years (56%), in males (53.4%), and in dentate patients (57.4%). The artery tends to be wider in older patients. Distances to the sinus floor or the alveolar crest tend to be shorter in women. Conclusions: This study suggests that CBCT is a valuable pre-surgical tool and the evaluation of the PSAA on CBCT images could reduce the likelihood of excess bleeding during surgery in the maxillary posterior region.
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Aboelmaaty, Wael, Abdulmohsen Alfadley, Mohammed Awawdeh, Ahmed Saaduddin Sapri, Lama Awawdeh und Eman Shawky Mira. „Utilizing a Novel AI Tool to Detect the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery’s Location’s Impact on Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening in the Presence of Periapical Lesions“. Medicina 60, Nr. 1 (12.01.2024): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010140.
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Periapical lesions have been implicated in sinus-related complications, but the precise influence of anatomical variations in the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) on mucosal thickening remains an uncharted aspect. The new AI tool employed in this research utilizes advanced image processing algorithms to enhance image visualization. Background and Objectives: This study examines the accuracy of a new cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software (eVol DXS, version 1.0.1.0) employing AI to detect the PSAA’s location and the effect of that on maxillary sinus thickening in the presence of periapical lesions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 120 CBCT cases with posterior maxillary periapical lesions and 120 without odontogenic infections. Teeth with proximity (<2 mm) to the sinus were excluded in both groups to eliminate the sinus floor’s perforation effect. Both the PSAA locations and maxillary sinus thickening were classified and compared. Results: The mucosal thickening differs significantly (p < 0.001) between the study group and the control group. The study showed that an increased sinus thickness occurred when the PSAA was beneath the sinus membrane in the study group (62.5% compared to 8.6%; p < 0.001 *). The AI tool helped to achieve a 100% identification rate in determining the PSAA locations. Conclusions: AI algorithms for PSAA localization, which affects mucosal thickness in response to periapical lesions, yield excellent results.
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Mihel, Josip, Mile Sikic, Sanja Tomic, Branko Jeren und Kristian Vlahovicek. „PSAIA - Protein Structure and Interaction Analyzer“. BMC Structural Biology 8, Nr. 1 (2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-8-21.
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Palaniappan, Ravichandran, Shailesh Singh, Udai P. Singh, Senthil Kumar K. Sakthivel, Edwin W. Ades, David E. Briles, Susan K. Hollingshead, James C. Paton, Jacquelyn S. Sampson und James W. Lillard. „Differential PsaA-, PspA-, PspC-, and PdB-Specific Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of Pneumococcal Carriage“. Infection and Immunity 73, Nr. 2 (Februar 2005): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.2.1006-1013.2005.
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ABSTRACT Larger numbers of pneumococci were detected in the nasal tract compared to the lung, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after nasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae strain EF3030. In this mouse model of pneumococcal carriage, peripheral S. pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA)-specific humoral responses (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a] ≫ IgG1 = IgG2b > IgG3) were significantly higher than pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)-specific, genetic toxoid derivative of pneumolysin (PdB)-specific, or pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC)-specific serum antibody levels. However, PspA-specific mucosal IgA antibody levels were significantly higher than those against PsaA, PdB, and PspC. In general, both PsaA- and PspA-specific lung-, cervical lymph node-, nasal tract-, and spleen-derived CD4+ T-cell cytokine (interleukin-4, interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and proliferative responses were higher than those for either PspC or PdB. Taken together, these findings suggest that PsaA- and PspA-specific mucosal responses as well as systemic humoral and T helper cell cytokine responses are predominantly yet differentially induced during pneumococcal carriage.
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Jantaro, Saowarath, Paula Mulo, Tove Jansén, Aran Incharoensakdi und Pirkko Mäenpää. „Effects of long-term ionic and osmotic stress conditions on photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803“. Functional Plant Biology 32, Nr. 9 (2005): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp04219.
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Salinity is considered to be one of the most severe problems in worldwide agricultural production, but the published investigations give contradictory results of the effect of ionic and osmotic stresses on photosynthesis. In the present study, long-term effects of both ionic and osmotic stresses, especially on photosynthesis, were investigated using the moderately halotolerant cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our results show that the PSII activity and the photosynthetic capacity tolerated NaCl but a high concentration of sorbitol completely inhibited both activities. In line with these results, we show that the amount of the D1 protein of PSII was decreased under severe osmotic stress, whereas the levels of PsaA / B and NdhF3 proteins remained unchanged. However, high concentrations of sorbitol stress led to a drastic decrease of both psbA (encoding D1) and psaA (encoding PsaA) transcripts, suggesting that severe osmotic stress may abolish the tight coordination of transcription and translation normally present in bacteria, at least in the case of the psaA gene. Taken together, our results indicate that the osmotic stress component is more detrimental to photosynthesis than the ionic one and, furthermore, under osmotic stress, the D1 protein appears to be the target of this stress treatment.
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Park, Jae-An, DaEl Kim, Su Yang, Ju-Hee Kang, Jo-Eun Kim, Kyung-Hoe Huh, Sam-Sun Lee, Won-Jin Yi und Min-Suk Heo. „Automatic detection of posterior superior alveolar artery in dental cone-beam CT images using a deeply supervised multi-scale 3D network“. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 53, Nr. 1 (13.12.2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dmfr/twad002.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to develop a robust and accurate deep learning network for detecting the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) images, focusing on the precise localization of the centre pixel as a critical centreline pixel. Methods PSAA locations were manually labelled on dental CBCT data from 150 subjects. The left maxillary sinus images were horizontally flipped. In total, 300 datasets were created. Six different deep learning networks were trained, including 3D U-Net, deeply supervised 3D U-Net (3D U-Net DS), multi-scale deeply supervised 3D U-Net (3D U-Net MSDS), 3D Attention U-Net, 3D V-Net, and 3D Dense U-Net. The performance evaluation involved predicting the centre pixel of the PSAA. This was assessed using mean absolute error (MAE), mean radial error (MRE), and successful detection rate (SDR). Results The 3D U-Net MSDS achieved the best prediction performance among the tested networks, with an MAE measurement of 0.696 ± 1.552 mm and MRE of 1.101 ± 2.270 mm. In comparison, the 3D U-Net showed the lowest performance. The 3D U-Net MSDS demonstrated a SDR of 95% within a 2 mm MAE. This was a significantly higher result than other networks that achieved a detection rate of over 80%. Conclusions This study presents a robust deep learning network for accurate PSAA detection in dental CBCT images, emphasizing precise centre pixel localization. The method achieves high accuracy in locating small vessels, such as the PSAA, and has the potential to enhance detection accuracy and efficiency, thus impacting oral and maxillofacial surgery planning and decision-making.
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Ying Qu, Meng Li, Chunyan Gao, Jin Zhang, Xinhua Luo, Guizhen Wang, Xinyu Jiang et al. „Equal adhesion to pneumocytes by pneumococci inducing bacteraemia and pneumonia“. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 72, Nr. 01 (07.05.2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.11-784.
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Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a leading agent worldwide, which could cause community-acquired pneumonia, bacteraemia, and meningitis. However, the pathogeneses remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate gene pneumococcal surface antigen A (psaA) expression and the adhesion differences of various S. pneumoniae strains. A total of 24 (N) S. pneumoniae strains were collected: 11 from blood (bd-SP), 12 from sputum (sd-SP) and one was ATCC49619. One millilitre of A549 pneumocytes (3.3×108/L) and 100 µl of each S. pneumoniae strain at 1.0 McFarland were mixed and incubated under 37 °C and 5% CO2 for three hours. The cells were centrifuged and extracted for psaA mRNA analysis. The former experiment was redone. After culture, the adherent cells were collected and cultured on blood agar plates. The ?CT values of psaA were 18.9, 29.9 (±2.5), 29.6 (±2.0) and 16.0, 17.0(±3.3), 18.6(±3.8) for ATCC49619, bd-SP and sd-SP before and after stimulation respectively, with the colony units of 23, 68.4 (±6.7) and 59.1 (±7.7), which showed equal adhesion between bd-SP and sd-SP. Moderate psaA expression and adhesion of S. pneumoniae might facilitate its pathogenesis, excess of which induces faster S. pneumoniae clearance. Key Words: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Alveolar epithelial cells; Virulence; Adhesion; pneumonia. Continuous...
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Renuka, Devi KR, Mahima V. Guledgud, Karthikeya Patil, CJ Sanjay, D. Nagabhushana und N. Harshitha. „Radiographic assessment of maxillary sinus lateral wall and anatomy of posterior superior alveolar artery: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic“. European Journal of Anatomy 26, Nr. 4 (Juli 2022): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/rlfi8348.
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hickness of maxillary sinus (MS) lateral wall and to assess the prevalence, distance from maxillary sinus floor, diameter and course of posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) based on age, gender and dental status using conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) that might be relevant to accomplish complication free surgeries in posterior maxilla. CBCT images of maxillary sinus (right and left) were obtained for 40 patients, which included 20 males and 20 females. Maxillary sinus lateral wall and PSAA parameters were measured and evaluated. The data obtained were then subjected to descriptive statistical analysis; independent t-test and oneway Anova test were performed and compared based on age, gender and dental status. The results showed that the average thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was determined to be approximately around 2.50 mm. PSAA was observed in 25% of subjects with a maximum distance of 8.83 mm from the maxillary sinus floor and a minimum distance of 6.90 mm. PSAA had a diameter of 1-2 mm with the intraosseous course in most individuals. Comparison between CBCT images of the selected individuals among age groups, gender and dental status were not statistically significant on measuring the above mentioned parameters. This study concluded that CBCT provides valuable diagnostic information pertaining to sinus and related landmarks that assist during surgical procedures.
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Kuryanchyk, T. G., und N. V. Kozel. „GENE EXPRESSION AND THE CONTENT OF STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF PHOTOSYSTEMS IN BARLEY LEAVES UNDER SOIL DROUGHT“. Молекулярная и прикладная генетика 33 (12.11.2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/1999-9127-2022-33-38-46.
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A significant effect of soil drought on the gene expression (psaA, psaB, lhca2, psbA, lhcb1 and lhcb4) encoding key structural proteins of reaction centers (RC) and light harvesting complexes (LHC) of photosystems (PS) in barley leaves was shown. A change in the level of gene expression observed under drought conditions is light-dependent — in normal light, there is a significant increase in the expression of lhcb1 (1.6 times), psaA (1.8 times) and psaB (2.5 times) genes, encoding PS I and II proteins, and in the dim light, on the contrary, there is a decrease in the expression of genes encoding the proteins PS II (psbA, lhcb1 and lhcb4) and protein A (psaA) of the PS I RC. It was found that under drought conditions the expression of the gene SOD3 encoding the chloroplast isoform of the antioxidant superoxide
dismutase (SOD) enzyme Fe-SOD increases multiple times. The data obtained indicate the induction of oxidative stress by drought in the chloroplasts of the leaves of barley plants.
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Handayani, Penny, Novita W. Sutantoputri und Anissa Azura. „Psychological Guidance for Independent Adolescents Program in PSAA Ceger and Tebet Jakarta“. MITRA: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 3, Nr. 2 (29.11.2019): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/mitra.v3i2.346.
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Ceger and Tebet Childcare Social Institution (PSAA) is the Technical Service Unit of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service that provides services for adolescents at junior and senior high school levels. As a social care institution, it is undeniable that fulfilling psychological needs is just as important as fulfilling physical needs. Various problems that arise in foster children are usually concerned with lack of fulfillment of psychological needs. When an individual reaches the adolescent phase, the need for psychological fulfillment changes. In the adolescent phase, independence is one of the main development tasks that need to be mastered, so the focus of assistance in 2018 was directed to preparation for orphanage youths in facing life after the orphanage, which will begin after they graduate from high school. The present community service activity aims to provide psychological assistance for children of PSAA Putra Utama 3 Tebet and Putra Utama 4 Ceger Jakarta to help them become independent and to be ready to face life after high school, with an understanding of how to effectively manage themselves and manage others in personal and professional situations. Through this program, participants were expected to be able to learn the following skills: be independent and ready to work, manage themselves, and manage others. The community mentoring training module was designed based on the typical characteristics of participants fromm PSAA Putra Utama 3 Tebet and 4 Ceger during the 11 month assistance period. It can also be used by the PSAA to run training-based mentoring intervention programs independently in the future.
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Godil, Aamir Zahid, Trupti Jagannath Devadiga, Shraddha Chandrashekhar Supnekar, Arshi Ilyas Kazi, Sanaa Akhlaq Wadwan und Ramandeep Dugal. „Position of posterior superior alveolar artery in relation to the maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography in Indian sub-population“. Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 27, Nr. 3 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021007.
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Purpose: To assess the location of posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) using CBCT in relevance to sinus lift procedure for implant placement. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the CBCT data of 500 patients (n = 500). Linear measurements were carried out to localize the medio-lateral and vertical position of posterior superior alveolar artery in postero-lateral wall of maxillary sinus and its proximity to the floor of maxillary sinus using CS 3D imaging 3.7.0 software program. The relative position of PSAA was determined as; (a) intra-osseous, (b) below the membrane and (c) outer-cortex of lateral sinus wall. The location of PSAA was assessed in molar region bilaterally by using following radiographic measurement; (1) distance between the lower border of posterior superior alveolar artery and alveolar crest, (2) height from the floor of maxillary sinus to alveolar crest and (3) distance from the posterior superior alveolar artery to medial wall of maxillary sinus. Results: The prevalence of the artery was observed in 99.4% of the sinuses and was mostly intraosseous (84.2%).The mean distance between the lower border of the artery and alveolar crest is significantly higher in males compared to females (P < 0.01). The distribution of artery location did not differ significantly across various age groups (P > 0.05). Discussion/Conclusion: The most common variant of PSAA was identified in the intra-osseous region and the mean distance of the vessel to crest of the residual ridge differs significantly with gender and not with age.
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Gor, Dennis O., Xuedong Ding, David E. Briles, Michael R. Jacobs und Neil S. Greenspan. „Relationship between Surface Accessibility for PpmA, PsaA, and PspA and Antibody-Mediated Immunity to Systemic Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae“. Infection and Immunity 73, Nr. 3 (März 2005): 1304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.3.1304-1312.2005.
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ABSTRACT Antibodies to capsular polysaccharide (PS) are protective against systemic infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the large number of pneumococcal serogroups and the age-related immunogenicity of pure PS limit the utility of PS-based vaccines. In contrast, cell wall-associated proteins from different capsular serotypes can be cross-reactive and immunogenic in all age groups. Therefore, we evaluated three pneumococcal proteins with respect to relative accessibility to antibody, in the context of intact pneumococci, and their ability to elicit protection against systemic infection by encapsulated S. pneumoniae. Sequences encoding pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), putative protease maturation protein A (PpmA), and the N-terminal region of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) from S. pneumoniae strain A66.1 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The presence of genes encoding PsaA, PpmA, and PspA in 11 clinical isolates was examined by PCR, and the expression of these proteins by each strain was examined by Western blotting with antisera raised to the respective recombinant proteins. We used flow cytometry to demonstrate that PspA was readily detectable on the surface of the pneumococcal strains analyzed, whereas PsaA and PpmA were not. Consistent with these observations, mice with passively or actively acquired antibodies to PspA or type 3 PS were equivalently protected from homologous systemic challenge with type 3 pneumococci, whereas mice with passively or actively acquired antibodies to PsaA or PpmA were not effectively protected. These experiments support the hypothesis that the extent of protection against systemic pneumococcal infection is influenced by target antigen accessibility to circulating host antibodies.
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Damiani, D., M. Dubrovin, I. Gaponenko, W. Kroeger, T. J. Lane, A. Mitra, C. P. O'Grady et al. „Linac Coherent Light Source data analysis using psana“. Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, Nr. 2 (18.03.2016): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716004349.
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Psana (Photon Science Analysis) is a software package that is used to analyze data produced by the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray free-electron laser at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The project began in 2011, is written primarily in C++ with some Python, and provides user interfaces in both C++ and Python. Most users use the Python interface. The same code can be run in real time while data are being taken as well as offline, executing on many nodes/cores using MPI for parallelization. It is publicly available and installable on the RHEL5/6/7 operating systems.
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Subramaniam, Perumal, und Thamil Selvi. „Dynamics of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mediated reaction of phenylsulfinylacetic acid with Cr(VI): Treatment of pseudo-phase models“. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, Nr. 8 (2015): 1019–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc140916001s.
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micellar effect % Hammett correlation % Piszkiewicz cooperative model KR nema The influence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTon the oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acid, PSAA and several meta- and para-substituted PSAAs by Cr(VI) was investigated in 95 % H2O-5 % CH3CN medium. The rate profile displayed a peculiar trend with an initial rate increase at low [CTAB] followed by sharp rate inhibition at higher [CTAB]. The initial rate acceleration can be explained by strong binding of SO42- on the positively charged micellar surface. The specific partitioning of PSAA in micellar phase by hydrophobic interaction and the oxidizing species, HCrO3+ in aqueous phase by electrostatic repulsion accounted the rate retardation at higher [CTAB]. The Hammett plot with different substituted PSAAs showed an excellent correlation affording negative ? value which supports the proposed mechanism involving a sulfonium cation intermediate formation. The obtained ? value in CTmedium is found to be slightly lower than that in aqueous medium. The quantitative analysis of rate data for the inhibition shown by CTwas performed using Menger-Portnoy and Piszkiewicz pseudo-phase models. The binding constant for PSAA with micelle was evaluated from Piszkiewicz cooperative model.
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Xu, Jianghong, Wenjia Dai, Zhengmin Wang, Bing Chen, Zhongming Li und Xiaoyong Fan. „Intranasal Vaccination with Chitosan-DNA Nanoparticles Expressing Pneumococcal Surface Antigen A Protects Mice against Nasopharyngeal Colonization byStreptococcus pneumoniae“. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, Nr. 1 (03.11.2010): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00263-10.
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ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniaeis a respiratory pathogen, and mucosal immune response plays a significant role in the defense against pneumococcal infections. Thus, intranasal vaccination may be an alternative approach to current immunization strategies, and effective delivery systems to mucosal organism are necessary. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles expressing pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA). Compared to levels in mice immunized with naked DNA or chitosan-pVAX1, anti-PsaA IgG antibody in serum and anti-IgA antibody in mucosal lavages were elevated significantly in mice immunized with chitosan-psaA. The balanced IgG1/IgG2a antibody ratio in serum, enhanced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-17A levels in spleen lymphocytes, and mucosal washes of mice immunized with chitosan-psaAsuggested that cellular immune responses were induced. Furthermore, significantly fewer pneumococci were recovered from the nasopharynx of mice immunized with chitosan-psaAthan for the control group following intranasal challenge with ATCC 6303 (serotype 3). These results demonstrated that mucosal immunization with chitosan-psaAmay successfully generate mucosal and systemic immune responses and prevent pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization. Hence, a chitosan-DNA nanoparticle vaccine expressing pneumococcal major immunodominant antigens after intranasal administration could be developed to prevent pneumococcal infections.
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Hevroni, Gur, Hagay Enav, Forest Rohwer und Oded Béjà. „Diversity of viral photosystem-I psaA genes“. ISME Journal 9, Nr. 8 (23.12.2014): 1892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.244.
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Rajam, Gowrisankar, Julie M. Anderton, George M. Carlone, Jacquelyn S. Sampson und Edwin W. Ades. „Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review“. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 34, Nr. 3-4 (Januar 2008): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408410802275352.
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German, Iris Jasmin Santos, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Jesus Carlos Andreo, Elio Hitoshi Shinohara, Ana Lúcia Alvares Capelozza, Andre Luis Shinohara, Geraldo Marco Rosa Junior, Mizael Pereira und Rogerio Leone Buchaim. „Identification of the Bony Canal of the Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve and Artery in the Maxillary Sinus: Tomographic, Radiographic, and Macroscopic Analyses“. Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/878205.
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The aim of this study was to identify the shape and route of the bony canal of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN) using different identification methods, including computed tomography (CT), panoramic radiograph, and macroscopic evaluation (corpse and dry skull). Twenty-four patients were analyzed by CT and panoramic and posterior anterior (PA) radiographs; additionally, 90 dry skulls and 21 dissected anatomical specimens were examined. Three-dimensional-CT revealed that the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus resembled a tunnel format in 60% of the treated patients. Out of all 24 patients, the panoramic radiograph identified the bony canal in only one patient; whereas the PA radiograph identified it in 80% of the patients. The dry skulls showed tunnellike routes of the PSAA and PSAN in 65% of the cases. Moreover, the pathway was also visibly observed in the dissected anatomical specimens as a straight shape in 85% of the cases. Thus, our results demonstrated that the most common shape of the bony canal of the PSAA and PSAN is the tunnel format with a straight route by 3D-CT, posterior anterior radiography, and macroscopic evaluation. However, in the panoramic radiographs, it was difficult to identify this canal.
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Ogunniyi, Abiodun D., Layla K. Mahdi, Michael P. Jennings, Alastair G. McEwan, Christopher A. McDevitt, Mark B. Van der Hoek, Christopher J. Bagley, Peter Hoffmann, Katherine A. Gould und James C. Paton. „Central Role of Manganese in Regulation of Stress Responses, Physiology, and Metabolism in Streptococcus pneumoniae“. Journal of Bacteriology 192, Nr. 17 (02.07.2010): 4489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00064-10.
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ABSTRACT The importance of Mn2+ for pneumococcal physiology and virulence has been studied extensively. However, the specific cellular role(s) for which Mn2+ is required are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the effect of Mn2+ limitation on the transcriptome and proteome of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. This was carried out by comparing a deletion mutant lacking the solute binding protein of the high-affinity Mn2+ transporter, pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA), with its isogenic wild-type counterpart. We provide clear evidence for the Mn2+-dependent regulation of the expression of oxidative-stress-response enzymes SpxB and Mn2+-SodA and virulence-associated genes pcpA and prtA. We also demonstrate the upregulation of at least one oxidative- and nitrosative-stress-response gene cluster, comprising adhC, nmlR, and czcD, in response to Mn2+ stress. A significant increase in 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity in the psaA mutant grown under Mn2+-replete conditions and upregulation of an oligopeptide ABC permease (AppDCBA) were also observed. Together, the results of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provided evidence for Mn2+ having a central role in activating or stimulating enzymes involved in central carbon and general metabolism. Our results also highlight the importance of high-affinity Mn2+ transport by PsaA in pneumococcal competence, physiology, and metabolism and elucidate mechanisms underlying the response to Mn2+ stress.
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Charisis, Nektarios, Stefanos Giannopoulos, George Tzavellas, Apostolos Tassiopoulos und George Koullias. „Endovascular Treatment of Persistent Sciatic Artery Aneurysms With Primary Stenting: A Systematic Review of the Literature“. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 54, Nr. 3 (13.01.2020): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574419899034.
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Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is an embryologic remnant of the internal iliac artery, and when is present, it undergoes aneurysmal degeneration in up to 60% of the cases. Endovascular repair is an increasingly utilized treatment strategy for PSA aneurysms (PSAAs). The objective was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the endovascular repair in patients with PSAA and to identify potential risk factors for loss of patency or limb loss. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and eligible studies were identified through search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central databases. Fifteen case reports, comprising 15 patients overall, were included. The median age of the patients was 68 years old (mean age 66 ± 13.4 years) with half of the reported patients being women. Most patients presented with progressive limb claudication, complaining about an enlarging palpable pulsatile buttock mass. The onset of symptoms was sudden in 78% of the reported cases. Additionally, the distal pulses on PSAA side were diminished or absent in 91% of the patients. Acute limb ischemia was the primary diagnosis in 75% of the cases. All patients underwent endovascular repair of the PSAA with a covered stent. Procedural outcomes were favorable in all patients demonstrating no symptoms recurrence, aneurysmal regression, or total obliteration evaluated by angiographic studies (computed tomography angiography [CTA] and angiogram). Periprocedural imaging evaluation was determined either with CTA or duplex ultrasound (DUS). Periprocedural complications included only 1 endoleak with distal dissection. This endoleak was identified after stent deployment and dissection distal to the aneurysm. Mean follow-up (with CTA and/or DUS) was 22 months, with all patients being asymptomatic with no recurrence of symptom. The endovascular treatment of PSAA with covered stent is safe and effective. Persistent sciatic artery aneurysms is associated with high procedural success, low periprocedural compilations, and favorable mid-term follow-up.
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Aryani, Farida, und Noor Bekti Negoro. „Pengaruh Bimbingan Agama terhadap Penerimaan Diri Remaja di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA) Annajah Jakarta Selatan“. Jurnal Penyuluhan Agama (JPA) 9, Nr. 1 (05.04.2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jpa.v9i1.24541.
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Abstract: Adolescence is a time when a person will experience significant changes, both physically and psychologically. At this time they need support and affection from their parents and other family members to deal with any problems in their life, but for those who do not have complete parents or live in orphanages, they cannot feel support from their parents directly and this often results in they are not confident and do not accept themselves for the problems they experience because they have to live in an orphanage. Therefore, it is necessary to have religious guidance to instill and cultivate an attitude of self-acceptance in foster children. This study aims to determine whether or not there is an influence of religious guidance on adolescent self-acceptance at the Annajah Children's Orphanage (PSAA) and to find out how strong the relationship between religious guidance and adolescent self-acceptance is at PSAA Annajah, South Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach with causal associative research. The sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling with a sample of 38 respondents. The data analysis used were regression test, F-test, t-test, correlation coefficient test, and coefficient of determination test. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously religious guidance has a significant effect on adolescent self-acceptance at PSAA Annajah with a significance value of 0.000. Religious guidance has a strong relationship with selfacceptance. It can be seen from the R value of 0.724. Then obtained the value of R2 or R square of 0.525. This means that religious guidance has an effect on selfacceptance by 52.5%, while the remaining 47.5% is influenced by other variables outside this study.Abstrak: Masa remaja merupakan masa dimana seseorang akan mengalami berbagai perubahan yang signifikan, baik dalam bentuk fisik maupun psikis. Pada masa ini mereka membutuhkan dukungan dan kasih sayang dari orang tua dan anggota keluarga lainnya untuk menghadapi setiap permasalahan dalam hidupnya, namun bagi mereka yang sudah tidak memiliki orang tua lengkap atau tinggal di panti asuhan tidak dapat merasakan dukungan dari orang tua secara langsung dan mengakibatkan seringkali mereka tidak percaya diri serta kurang menerima diri atas permasalahan yang dialami karena harus tinggal di panti asuhan. Maka dari itu diperlukan adanya bimbingan agama untuk menanamkan dan menumbuhkan sikap penerimaan diri pada anak asuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh bimbingan agama terhadap penerimaan diri remaja di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA) Annajah dan mengetahui seberapa kuat kaitan bimbingan agama terhadap penerimaan diri remaja di PSAA Annajah Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian asosiatif kausal. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sampling jenuh dengan sampel sebanyak 38 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji regresi, uji F-test, uji t-test, uji koefisien korelasi, dan uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan bimbingan agama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penerimaan diri remaja di PSAA Annajah dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Bimbingan agama memiliki hubungan kuat dengan penerimaan diri. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari nilai R sebesar 0,724. Kemudian diperoleh nilai R2 atau R square sebesar 0,525. Artinya bimbingan agama berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan diri sebesar 52,5%, sedangkan sisanya 47,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini.
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Rehman, Hafiz Asadul, Kashif Zafar, Ayesha Khan und Abdullah Imtiaz. „Multiple sequence alignment using enhanced bird swarm align algorithm“. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, Nr. 1 (11.08.2021): 1097–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210055.
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Discovering structural, functional and evolutionary information in biological sequences have been considered as a core research area in Bioinformatics. Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) tries to align all sequences in a given query set to provide us ease in annotation of new sequences. Traditional methods to find the optimal alignment are computationally expensive in real time. This research presents an enhanced version of Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA), based on bio inspired optimization. Enhanced Bird Swarm Align Algorithm (EBSAA) is proposed for multiple sequence alignment problem to determine the optimal alignment among different sequences. Twenty-one different datasets have been used in order to compare performance of EBSAA with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Align Algorithm (PSAA). The proposed technique results in better alignment as compared to GA and PSAA in most of the cases.
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Roche, Aoife M., und Jeffrey N. Weiser. „Identification of the Targets of Cross-Reactive Antibodies Induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization“. Infection and Immunity 78, Nr. 5 (15.03.2010): 2231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01058-09.
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ABSTRACTMuch of the efficacy of current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines lies in their ability to decrease carriage of vaccine serotypes in the population. Novel and more-broadly acting vaccines would also need to target carriage in order to be as effective. We have previously shown that model murine carriage ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecan elicit antibody-dependent immunity and can protect against a virulent heterologous challenge strain. This study set out to identifyS. pneumoniaesurface antigens that may elicit cross-reactive antibodies following colonization. Western blot analysis using sera from colonized mice identified the previously characterized immunogens pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), putative proteinase maturation protein A (PpmA), and pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) as such antigens. Using flow cytometry, PspA was found to be the major target of surface-bound cross-reactive IgG in sera from TIGR4Δcps-colonized mice, with a modest contribution from PpmA and none from PsaA. In human sera, however, only mutants lacking PpmA were shown to have reduced binding of surface IgG compared to wild-type strains, suggesting that prior exposure toS. pneumoniaein humans may induce PpmA antibodies. We also investigated if cross-reactive antibodies induced by these antigens may be cross-protective against carriage. Despite the immunogenicity of PspA, PpmA, and PsaA, mice were still protected following colonization with mutants lacking these antigens, suggesting they are not necessary for cross-protection induced by carriage. Our findings suggest that a whole-organism approach may be needed to broadly diminish carriage.
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Rajam, Gowrisankar, Julie M. Anderton, George M. Carlone, Jacquelyn S. Sampson und Edwin W. Ades. „RETRACTED: Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review“. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 34, Nr. 3-4 (Januar 2008): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408410802383610.
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LeMessurier, Kim S., Abiodun David Ogunniyi und James C. Paton. „Differential expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes in vivo“. Microbiology 152, Nr. 2 (01.02.2006): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28438-0.
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Few studies have examined in vivo virulence gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes cbpA, pspA, ply, psaA, cps2A, piaA, nanA and spxB in the nasopharynx, lungs and bloodstream of mice was investigated, following intranasal challenge with the serotype 2 strain D39. Bacterial RNA was extracted, linearly amplified and assayed by real-time RT-PCR. At 72 h, cbpA mRNA was present at higher levels in the nasopharynx and lungs than in the blood. At this time-point, the mRNAs for PspA and PiaA were most abundant in the nasopharynx, whereas no significant difference in gene expression between niches was observed for ply, psaA and cps2A. Both nanA and spxB mRNAs were present in higher amounts in the nasopharynx than in the lungs or blood. These findings illustrate the dynamic nature of pneumococcal virulence gene expression in vivo.
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Nozoe, Mikio, Yuichi Tsunoyama, Yoko Ishizaki, Yoichi Nakahira und Takashi Shiina. „Selective Activation of Chloroplast psbD Light-Responsive Promoter and psaA/B Promoter in Transplastomic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Arabidopsis Sigma Factor AtSIG5“. Protein & Peptide Letters 27, Nr. 2 (06.01.2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666191014130605.
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Background: Plastid-encoded eubacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) plays a critical role in the transcription of photosynthesis genes in chloroplasts. Notably, some of the reaction center genes, including psaA, psaB, psbA, and psbD genes, are differentially transcribed by PEP in mature chloroplasts. However, the molecular mechanism of promoter selection in the reaction center gene transcription by PEP is not well understood. Objective: Sigma factor proteins direct promoter selection by a core PEP in chloroplasts as well as bacteria. AtSIG5 is a unique chloroplast sigma factor essential for psbD light-responsive promoter (psbD LRP) activity. To analyze the role of AtSIG5 in chloroplast transcription in more detail, we assessed the effect of AtSIG5 hyper-expression on the transcription of plastid-encoded genes in chloroplast transgenic plants. Results: The chloroplast transgenic tobacco (CpOX-AtSIG5) accumulates AtSIG5 protein at extremely high levels in chloroplasts. Due to the extremely high-level expression of recombinant AtSIG5, most PEP holoenzymes are most likely to include the recombinant AtSIG5 in the CpOXAtSIG5 chloroplasts. Thus, we can assess the promoter preference of AtSIG5 in vivo. The overexpression of AtSIG5 significantly increased the expression of psbD LRP transcripts encoding PSII reaction center D2 protein and psaA/B operon transcripts encoding PSI core proteins. Furthermore, run-on transcription analyses revealed that AtSIG5 preferentially recognizes the psaA/B promoter, as well as the psbD LRP. Moreover, we found that psbD LRP is constitutively active in CpOX-AtSIG5 plants irrespective of light and dark. Conclusion: AtSIG5 probably plays a significant role in differential transcription of reaction center genes in mature chloroplasts.
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Scott, J. Anthony G., Zena Mlacha, Joyce Nyiro, Salome Njenga, Pole Lewa, Jacktone Obiero, Hanningtone Otieno, Jacquelyn S. Sampson und George M. Carlone. „Diagnosis of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Kenya with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A“. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2005): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.10.1195-1201.2005.
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ABSTRACT Diagnostic techniques for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children are insensitive and underestimate both the burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV). Consequently, there is little demand for the highly effective PCV outside the United States and Europe. In Kenya, diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults was achieved with a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.98 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of paired plasma samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) to pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). We aimed to validate the same technique in children. We assayed paired blood samples from 98 children with IPD, 95 age-matched children with malaria/anemia, and 97 age-matched healthy controls by using an ELISA for anti-PsaA IgG. Sensitivity and specificity were determined in IPD patients and healthy controls. Specificity (0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 0.99) and sensitivity (0.42; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.52) were optimized at a 2.7-fold rise in anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Sensitivity was improved to a maximum of 0.50 by restricting testing to children of <2 years old, by excluding IPD patients who were not sampled on the first day of presentation, and by incorporating high existing antibody concentrations in the analysis. Assay performance was independent of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci at recruitment. This assay improves on existing diagnostic tools for IPD in children but would still leave over half of all cases undetected in epidemiological studies. Effective diagnosis of pneumococcal disease in children is urgently required but poorly served by existing technology.