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Preusser, David F., und William A. Leaf. „Provisional license“. Journal of Safety Research 34, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4375(02)00079-8.
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Skorich, Daniel P., Hugh Webb, Lisa Stewart, Maria Kostyanaya, Tegan Cruwys, Kathy McNeill, Andrew J. Frain et al. „Stereotype threat and hazard perception among provisional license drivers“. Accident Analysis & Prevention 54 (Mai 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.002.
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Adnyani, Kadek Devi Arta, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha und Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. „Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Penerima Lisensi Paten dalam Alih Teknologi“. Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, Nr. 1 (18.08.2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.1.2180.24-29.
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License is a contract between the licensor (Licencor) with the licensee (License) in which the licensor with a payment and in certain circumstances gives permission to the licensee to use an intellectual property rights (intellectual property rights). Regarding the types of licenses according Lee and Davidson, differentiate into 2 (two) types of licenses, namely Exclusive and Non Exclusive licenses. Patent license agreements are basically subject to and refer to the provisions of the agreement adopted by the Indonesian State in the Indonesian Civil Code. In this day and age the licenses as outlined in the agreement have the form of standard agreements or standard contracts, in a licensing agreement because it uses a standard contract, it has the potential to cause an imbalance of the parties because some licensing agreements (Lisensor) use clauses that can harm the licensee (License). Refressive legal protection is used, if a license agreement with a standard contract or standard contract used by the licensor of the patent (Licencor) to the recipient of a patent license (License), if it violates a subjective condition in making a patent license agreement then it will cause legal consequences can be canceled (Vernietigbaarheid) whereas if it violates an objective condition it will have legal consequences null and void (Neitigbaarheid).
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Lin, Mei-Li, und Kevin T. Fearn. „The provisional license: nighttime and passenger restrictions—a literature review“. Journal of Safety Research 34, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4375(02)00081-6.
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Vereen, Endia. „Trademark Protection in Bankruptcy Proceedings: A Closer Look at Lubrizol and its Progeny“. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 15, Nr. 1 (10.02.2015): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2014.156.
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When the worlds of bankruptcy and intellectual property licenses converge, licensees are placed in potentially dangerous positions. The seminal case on this issue, Lubrizol Enterprises, Inc. v. Richmond Metal Finishers, Inc., stands for the proposition that when a licensor rejects an intellectual property license as "executory," the licensee no longer has the right to rely on provisions within the agreement with the debtor for continued use of the technology. To countermand the negative effects of Lubrizol, Congress amended the Bankruptcy Code, but intentionally omitted trademarks from the definition of intellectual property. This omission has produced a string of conflicting case law, leaving trademark licensees in a precarious position with few options for recourse. This Note discusses the Intellectual Property Bankruptcy Protection Act and trademark protection specifically, and details the circuit split created by Sunbeam Products, Inc. v. Chicago American Manufacturing. This Note focuses on the implications of the circuit split, and concludes by providing some suggestions for how courts can resolve this issue in the future.
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Leznova, A. A., D. A. Yakovlev, V. V. Frolov und V. V. Plaksina. „Improving the Efficiency of State Administration in the Field of Ensuring Industrial Safety by Switching to a Register Model for Licensing Certain Types of Activity“. Occupational Safety in Industry, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-5-30-35.
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Licensing is one of the most important mechanisms in ensuring industrial safety in the Russian Federation. This tool of the state administration is a complex and energy-intensive process both for licensing authorities, and for license applicants, licensees. For the purpose to eliminate the excessive administrative barriers in planning and implementation of production activity, the issuance of licenses in paper form was canceled in favor of making a legally significant entry. In order to implement the register model, a number of new administrative regulations on the provision of state licensing services was developed, according to which, as a result of the provision of state services, from January 1, 2021, Rostechnadzor forms an entry in the register of licenses and sends a notification to the applicant about making the corresponding entry in the register of licenses. The information contained in the license register is open and publicly available, except in cases where access to such information is restricted in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Access to the information from the register of licenses is provided by Rostechnadzor by publishing it on the official website on the Internet. Also, the information about a specific license can be obtained by an interested person in the form of an extract from the license register in paper or electronic form, while the corresponding fee is charged for providing an extract from the license register in a hard copy. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the amount of the fee was set not for replenishing the budget of the Russian Federation, but in order to stimulate the transition of the interaction of applicants with licensing authorities to an electronic form. The innovations simplified the process of interaction between the licensing authorities and the license applicants and licensees, accelerated and simplified the procedure for obtaining a license, and increased the efficiency of state administration in the field of industrial safety.
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Roshchin, D. O., A. N. Plutnitskiy und A. A. Chimbireva. „Suspension of the License for Implementation of Medical, Pharmaceutical Activity in Administrative (Extrajudicial) Procedure“. Actual Problems of Russian Law, Nr. 7 (25.08.2019): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.104.7.035-038.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of administrative suspension of the license for medical and pharmaceutical activity. The article highlights that the law-maker has provided for the possibility of suspension of the license in administrative order if the activity of the licensee is suspended in general, as well as if there is a failure to comply with the order to eliminate an essential breach of the license under consideration. At the same time, the lack of by-laws and explicit instructions in the law concerning operation of such provisions in respect of licensees engaged in medical and pharmaceutical activities does not prevent application of mechanisms in question. The authors note that a wider application of the license suspension would be facilitated by the adoption of normative legal acts regulating the procedure for the application of administrative measures in the health sector.
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Atal, Vidya, und Kameshwari Shankar. „Developers’ Incentives and Open-Source Software Licensing: GPL vs BSD“. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, Nr. 3 (01.07.2015): 1381–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0007.
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Abstract One of the puzzling aspects of open-source software (OSS) development is its public good nature. Individual developers contribute to developing the software, but do not hold the copyright to appropriate its value. This raises questions regarding motives behind such effort. We provide an integrated model of developers’ incentives to describe OSS development and compare restrictive OSS licenses that force all modifications to be kept open with non-restrictive OSS licenses that allow proprietary ownership of modified works. Different incentives govern effort provision at different stages of the software development process. We show that open-source licenses can provide socially valuable software when a proprietary license fails to do so. We also show that restrictive OSS licenses generate greater effort provision in the design stage of software development relative to non-restrictive licenses. Endogenizing licensing choice, we find that a project leader chooses a non-restrictive OSS license if reputational concerns drive developers’ incentives, a proprietary license when there is a large population of users in the market and a restrictive OSS license if user population is small but reputational benefit is high. Our results resonate well with empirical findings and suggest additional testable implications about the relationship between licensing and software project characteristics. Finally, we also find that the market under-provides restrictive OSS licenses relative to the efficient level, suggesting the need for subsidizing restrictive licenses in some cases.
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Vorozhevich, Arina S. „Compulsory licensing in favor of patentholders of dependent pharmaceutical inventions“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 12, Nr. 1 (2021): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2021.105.
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The article analyzes the conditions for issuing a compulsory license in favor of the patent holders of dependent pharmaceutical inventions on the basis of Paragraph 2, Article 1362 of the Russian Civil Code. The criteria for the relevance of a dependent invention to important technical advancements with significant economic advantages are disclosed. An analysis of the emerging Russian court practice on the issuance of compulsory licenses in the pharmaceutical market, meanwhile, showed that Russian courts lack a clear understanding of when a patent holder can and cannot apply for a compulsory license. The author proves that compulsory licensing is an effective mechanism to prevent abuse of the right (first of all, to standard-essential patent) in the markets of complex innovations (IT, electronics and telecommunications). At the same time, its implementation on the pharmaceutical market can lead to negative consequences: discourage pharmaceutical companies to invest in the development of new drugs, register breakthrough drugs in Russia; reduce foreign investment in the pharmaceutical sector. In this case, the provision of compulsory licenses should be interpreted as an exceptional tool. The issuance of a compulsory license in favor of the owner of the dependent invention can be justified only if such an invention represents a genuine innovation, an important step in the development of pharmaceuticals. The licensee must offer the market a new drug with improved characteristics: increased therapeutic efficacy and (or) safety, which has no available alternatives.
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Bowblis, John R., und Austin C. Smith. „Occupational Licensing of Social Services and Nursing Home Quality: A Regression Discontinuity Approach“. ILR Review 74, Nr. 1 (25.06.2019): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793919858332.
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Occupational licensing has grown dramatically in recent years, with more than 25% of the US workforce having a license as of 2008, up from 5% in 1950. Has licensing improved quality or is it simply rent-seeking behavior by incumbent workers? To estimate the impact of increased licensure of social workers in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) on service quality, the authors exploit a federal staffing provision that requires SNFs of a certain size to employ licensed social workers. Using a regression discontinuity design, the authors find that qualified social worker staffing increases by approximately 10%. However, the overall increase in social services staffing is negligible because SNFs primarily meet this requirement in the lowest cost way—substituting qualified social workers for unlicensed social services staff. The authors find no evidence that the increase in licensure improves patient care quality, patient quality of life, or quality of social services provided.
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Nougaret, André A., Thomas E. Scruggs und Margo A. Mastropieri. „Does Teacher Education Produce Better Special Education Teachers?“ Exceptional Children 71, Nr. 3 (April 2005): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100301.
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Twenty traditionally licensed first-year teachers and 20 first-year teachers with emergency provisional licensure were observed and evaluated by an experienced supervisor, unaware of licensure status, using a teacher rating scale with three subscales, based on a framework for teaching developed by Danielson (1996). The subscales included planning and preparation, classroom environment, and instruction. Teachers also completed self-ratings on a similar scale. Across all measures, traditionally licensed teachers were rated statistically significantly higher than were teachers holding emergency provisional licensure. Differences between the two groups were substantial, with effect sizes exceeding 1.5 standard deviation units. In sharp contrast, the two teacher groups did not rate themselves significantly different in teaching competence.
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Shen, Sijun, Kendra L. Ratnapradipa, Gina C. Pervall, Meredith Sweeney und Motao Zhu. „Driver License Renewal Laws and Older Adults’ Daily Driving, United States, 2003–2017“. Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, Nr. 10 (01.06.2020): 2268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa070.
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Abstract Objectives Around the world, aging populations pose significant concerns regarding their community mobility and transportation safety. Most previous studies in the United States have focused on the associations between driver license renewal laws and crash outcomes among older adults (65 years and older). Few studies have evaluated the impact of driver license renewal laws on older adults’ community mobility. This study aimed to identify the associations between driver license renewal laws and older males’ and females’ daily driving likelihood and duration. Method The 2003–2017 American Time Use Survey data were merged with driver license renewal legislation using ages 55–64 to control for effects of non-licensure factors (e.g., gasoline price). Weighted Poisson and linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of various driver licensure provisions with older males’ and females’ daily driving likelihood and duration. Results A shorter in-person renewal period and the presence of mandatory reporting laws for physicians were associated with a lower daily driving likelihood and shorter driving duration among females aged 75 years or older. The presence of mandatory reporting laws was also associated with reduced daily driving likelihood and duration for males aged 65–74 years. Discussion Policymakers should be aware that males and females may respond differently to older driver licensure laws, which may require distinct interventions to preserve their mobility. Future studies should consider the gender disparities when examining the association between driver licensure policies and older adults’ transportation safety and mobility.
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Singh, Arvind Kumar, und Bhaskar Mukherjee. „Electronic Information Resource Optimisation in Academic Libraries: A Comparative Study on Licensing Provision of Commercial Publisher“. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 38, Nr. 3 (04.05.2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.38.3.12468.
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<p>Electronic information resources are increasingly become an important component of the collection-building activities of libraries. This paper attempts to understand how far the licenses of commercial publishers support resource optimisation in general and what other important issues that are usually ignored by publishers, knowingly or unknowingly, but are essential for better resource optimisation. Five international publishers namely Elsevier, EBSCO, Sage, Springer, and Taylor & Francis were identified and analysed their agreements that are available in public domain with some model agreements like Liblicense model and model license developed by John Cox Associate. Study indicates that core part of the negotiations still remain price, IP access, display, ILL/document supply, etc. while important issues like perpetual access, archiving, self-archiving, copy of individual articles and share the same for non-commercial use by authorised users were minor issues of the contract. Furthermore, most of the obligations of the publishers that are identified as core issues in Liblicense model are also absent in commercial publishers’ license. A greater awareness of this to library managers is essential. They must be acquainted with the clause of the license agreement of commercial publishers and must negotiate to that extent so that the access should be uninterrupted.</p>
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Beck, Kenneth H., Teresa Shattuck, Robert Raleigh und Jessica Hartos. „Does Graduated Licensing Empower Parents to Place Greater Restrictions on Their Newly Licensed Teens’ Driving?“ Health Education & Behavior 30, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2003): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198103255369.
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This investigation sought to determine if Maryland’s new graduated licensing programwas associated with greater levels of parental involvement in, and restriction on, teens’ unsupervised driving. Separate samples of teens with provisional licenses were interviewed by telephone before ( n= 424) and after ( n= 600) the new program took effect. The findings indicated that teens in the new program reported significant increases in the frequency of parental driving instruction and supervised driving during the permit phase. There were no differences in amounts of instruction or supervised driving after provisional licensure. Also, teens in the new program reported greater overall amounts of parental restriction on their driving; however, few specific restrictions showed increases. Programs that encourage parents to regulate, restrict, monitor, and supervise the driving privileges of their teens during their provisional period of licensure are recommended. Graduated licensing laws and programs benefit from specific behavioral interventions targeted to, and implemented by, parents.
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Randolph, Susan E. „Collaborative Versus Prescriptive Legislating and Rulemaking: A Case Study of the Driver's License Provisions in the REAL ID Act of 2005“. Policy Perspectives 14, Nr. 1 (01.05.2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v14i1.4147.
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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and America's engagement in the Global War on Terror have added urgency to long-standing Congressional efforts to strengthen the country's system for establishing personal identification. Randolph examines the REAL ID Act of 2005, which legislates uniform requirements for state drivers' licenses. She describes the way the REAL ID Act became law and is being implemented by the executive branch and outlines the objections of state and local government officials to its driver's license provisions.
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Pananrangi, Andi Rasyid, und Nurkaidah Nurkaidah. „Strategies for Implementing Bureaucratic Ethics in Providing Business Permit Services at the Makassar City Integrated Licensing and Investment Board Office (BPTPM)“. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study 2, Nr. 3 (23.09.2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v2i3.160.
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This study aims to analyze the Strategy of Applying Bureaucratic Ethics in Providing Business License Services at the Makassar City BPTPM Office. This research method uses a qualitative research approach. Primary data were obtained by researchers through in-depth interviews with informants, observations in the object of research, and document searches at the Makassar City BPTPM. The results showed that the strategy of implementing bureaucratic ethics in the provision of business license services in Makassar City with the results showing that the registration of business licenses with the online system was considered adequate and in terms of quality it was concluded that it was inadequate for the licensing service process. which is programmed by the government with what the community expects, and on time services in business license services, no apparatus shows adequate achievements. The strategy for implementing BPTPM bureaucratic ethics is expected to be able to respond quickly to people who need licensing management services.
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Kwiecień, Sebastian. „POLSKIE PRAWO PRZEMYSŁOWE 1927-1939“. Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, Nr. 2 (21.12.2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.2.11.
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POLISH INDUSTRIAL LAW 1927-1939Summary Mutual relations between the state and industry have changed substantially in the early twentieth century. Formed the major national ompanies which have obtained legal protection acquired economic position. A manifestation of protective measures was the introduction of the concession to operate certain industrial activities. Duty concession staggered principle of freedom of industry and introduced the principle of regulation (licensing). For the period above accounted for the first codification of Polish coherent industrial such as regulation of the Polish President on 7 June 1927, industrial law, with effect from 16 December 1927, modeled primarily on the Austrian and German law on industrial property. The Act contains no provisions industry standard for the period of capitalism the first quarter of the twentieth century, and is due to the contemporary system of economic relations, which gave her more than once on the archaic nature of some regulation. In addition to the undoubted success of the enactment of uniform laws for the whole country was to move the industry with its provisions explicitly the principle of art. March 101 of the Constitution places the freedom to choose classes and earn money. A reflection of this was the provision of Article. 3 industrial law, under which the industry was to conduct free and allowed anyone, unless the provisions of industrial law did not provide that the exception or limitation. Statutory definition of industry modeled on the achievements of the jurisprudence of the German industrial law, defined it as any employment or business carried out by itself, a commercial and professional use, no matter whether it was the activities of producing, processing, trade, or services. The Act divided the industry into two basic categories: a permanent base– industry-free, fully licensed and crafts as well as no permanent residence (circular). Sometimes a third category of industries considered to run theindustry at the fair. Launch of free industry, with permanent residence, which was not subject to duty concession notice required an industrial power of the first instance. Industrial authority without undue delay seemed receipts stating the order number, under which he was entered in the register of industrial powers. The registration obligation imposed on both individuals and legal persons. Licensed industry was industry, with permanent residence, whose launch was dependent on receipt of the concession. Industrial Law provided a long list of licensed industries, while accepting the principle that only those types of industry should be forced to obtain licenses, that are thus due to the important public interest and national security had to be made subject to strict conditions. Craft was the peculiar kind of industry, with permanent residence, which could be performed only way to craft. Industry without a permanent seat was called industry is defined as a circular gainful employment, self-made, professionally and personally without a permanent seat in the industrial field, for example, selling goods in other places other than goods intended for sale. The person who wanted to lead the industry circular was required to obtain a license, which has provided industrial power of the first instance in the form of an administrative decision. It was not possible to start and perform circular industry before obtaining a license. One of the major forms of trade in the interwar period was the sale takes place at the fair. The activities fair was regulated in the law industry as a special type of industry and subject to strict legal restrictions. The basic condition of business was to obtain a fair municipality’s powers to conduct fair markets (the property or place) and keeping it in the days and hours established in the regulations. In terms of industrial law in the new political and economic conditions have occurred in Poland after 1944. It is very interesting that its provisions were not considered to be contrary to the principles of contemporary legal and political system, becoming the instrument of delivery volume of private economic activity for the so-called national economy. Therefore, the provisions of the Regulation in force until 1972.
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Fellmeth, Julianne D’Angelo. „The “Regulatory Gag Clause” — A Loophole That Demands Closure“. Journal of Medical Regulation 92, Nr. 3 (01.09.2006): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-92.3.8.
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ABSTRACT State medical boards are charged with protecting the public by detecting incompetence and removing licenses of physicians who are unsafe to practice. However, licensed physicians routinely conceal evidence of negligence or incompetence from medical boards by inserting “regulatory gag clauses” into civil settlement agreements – provisions that prohibit injured patients from complaining to or cooperating with regulators. The author – who recently completed a two-year term as Enforcement Monitor at the Medical Board of California – argues for a statutory ban on the inclusion of regulatory gag clauses in civil settlement agreements by licensed physicians, to ensure medical boards can detect misconduct and take appropriate disciplinary action.
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Shinkarev, A. A. „Role of Open Source Software in Modern Development of Enterprise Information Systems“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, Nr. 2 (Mai 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210202.
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At the moment there are many open source software products and packages, and their number is increasing every day. So it can be concluded that publishing source code is becoming more and more popular in the world of software development. When publishing the source code of a software solution or software package for use in the developer community, special attention should be given to the license type – this affects which scenarios will be available for use of the published package or software solution. It is also necessary to draw up full and detailed documentation and decide on the ways to promote the published package among developers. The purpose of the study was to justify the feasibility and necessity of publishing software products, packages and libraries for their use by other developers to build their own systems and services. The author meant to describe the major open source licenses, identify their features and differences, and those situations for which this or that type of license is suitable, as well as to demonstrate the need of writing documentation and describe ways to promote and popularize published software products, packages, and libraries in the developer community. Materials and methods. The paper considers official license documents describing conditions of use, reproduction, and distribution. The author analyzes the main ways and means to promote open source software products. Results. The article substantiates the relevance of publishing and using the source code of a software product, package or library. The author describes the main provisions of the most common licenses and gives advice on choosing the type of license when publishing source code for free use. The necessity of writing documentation for the published software product is substantiated. The article also describes some of the ways to promote published packages, such as the choice of name, speaking at conferences, and publishing articles with case studies.
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Saragih, Bagus, Lastuti Abubakar und Tri Handayani. „Implementing Sustainable Finance Principles: Legal Implications of Ease of Doing Business Towards Banking Credit Approval“. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 7, Nr. 1 (02.02.2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v7i1.31456.
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The application of licenses based on commitments as a part of ease of doing business has shifted the obligations present for business actors. One of the forms of said change is the absence of an obligation to conduct EIAs as a basic requirement to acquire a business license. This could boost investment within Indonesia, on the other hand, it also has the potential to prompt legal risks that is the revocation of business licenses towards actors that had failed to fulfill business license commitments under GR OSS. This provision impacts the application of the principle of sustainable financing. With the requirement of EIAs as a fulfillment towards the commitments that are prerequisite of business licenses in the OSS GR, banks gain the challenge of adjusting their approach towards the gaining of profits from long term investments depends on a sustainable future, specifically in the administering of credits by banks. the article aims to analyze the legal implications of changing regulation upon EIAs requirement on the ease of business licensing in licenses based on commitments though Online Single Submission towards the application of the principle of sustainable financing and the juridical consequences of the use of licenses based on commitments in the approval of bank credit. This research uses a normative juridical approach specifying in the descriptive analysis of primary and secondary sources of law. The identification the changed regulation upon EIAs requirement on the ease of business licensing in licenses based on commitments though Online Single Submission has legal consequences on the applications of sustainable financing principle. Sustainable principle pushed out the alteration of the approach of banks in the initiation of sustainable economic development with the gaining of profits from long term investments dependant on future sustainable policy frameworks. Bank must take that approach is through policy frameworks that support sustainable economic development by crystallizing EIAs as a tool for credit breaking
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Soloviev, K. S. „Differentiation of the production of medicines and pharmaceutical activities“. Actual Problems of Russian Law, Nr. 3 (04.05.2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.100.3.134-141.
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On the basis of the concepts used in the legislation on the circulation of medicines (including the relevant provisions on licensing) the paper distinguishes between two licensed activities: drug production and pharmaceutical activities. The concepts of “manufacturing” and “production”, “vacation” and “sale” are related within the framework of the norms of the Federal Law dated April 12, 2010 No. 61-FZ “On Circulation of Medicines”, taking into account the need to separate economic activities according to the Russian Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (OKVED 2) OK 029-2014. There are examples from judicial practice that consider cases when obtaining a license for pharmaceutical activity is not required (taking into account the objectives of the activity, as well as the list of entities established in the law that need to obtain a license for pharmaceutical activity). The problem of a significantly wider use of the concept of “pharmaceutical activity” in various special and scientific literature as compared with the definition set by the legislator is touched upon.
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Kulakov, G. T., O. V. Bondar-Podhurskaya und I. I. Khomenko. „Innovative Development Intensification in the Socially Oriented Economies of Belarus and Ukraine: Problems and Factors“. Problems of Economy 3, Nr. 45 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-3-65-72.
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The purpose of the article is to study and highlight the main problems and factors characterizing the innovative development intensification in the socially oriented economies of Ukraine and Belarus, and to suggest the ways to eliminate the causes of hindering this intensification. Taking into account the correlation-regression analysis results and the characteristic features of the structural elements of the innovative development index of Ukraine in 2007-2017, we have identified the main problem and a significant factor hindering the innovative activity in the economy, namely, “innovative products sales in the industry”, i.e., the low level of commercialization of the scientific and technical activity results, caused by a low level of patent protection and patent research. The analysis of marketing and patent research in Ukraine shows the necessity to perform a number of the following tasks: 1) to adopt the national standard of Ukraine titled “Patent and Market Research”; 2) to introduce changes to the DSTU 35-75-97 “Patent Research. Basic Provisions and Procedure”, which is the national standard for implementing the process of patent and market research; 3) to adopt the Methodology for Patent and Market research; 4) to eliminate the hindrances for providing enterprises and organizations with modern market and marketing information. Emphasis has been placed on the imperfections in the methodology for evaluating the efficiency of projects related to the innovations implementation, which have recently attracted some interest from businesses. This primarily applies to licenses, as the right to use an invention, industrial design or license can become an object of transference in a specially defined area and during a specified period of time. A methodology for paying for license agreements (contracts, agreements) has been suggested, based on assessing the net present value received from implementing licenses, which determines the cost of licenses and operating costs paid to authors from the license income during the time agreed under the contract. This will intensify the businesses’ innovative activity and create appropriate conditions to develop the socially oriented economies of Belarus and Ukraine.
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Ghazali, Roslinda, und Mohamed Yusoff Abbas. „Provisions and Accessibility of Natural Environment in Paediatric Wards“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, Nr. 9 (05.01.2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i9.69.
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The provisions and accessibility of natural environment in Malaysian public paediatric wards in the Klang Valley were analysed further, based on data obtained in earlier studies pertaining to the general status and physical design trend of those wards. Data collected were based on personal observations, questionnaires, interviews and documentations, which involved eight paediatric wards located in both urban and non-urban areas. Findings revealed patients were less satisfied with the provisions and accessibility provided. While those negative feelings could impact upon their healing process, hence upon their Length of Stay (LOS), however, such correlation could not be determined in the present study.Keywords: Paediatric community; natural environment; healing process; length of stayeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
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Lynova, Iryna, und Tatiana Pleshko. „ENSURING TRANSPARENCY AND INFORMATION OPENNESS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KYIV“. Educological discourse, Nr. 3 (2020): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2312-5829.2020.3.9.
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The article offers consideration of the results of the analysis of the State Service for Education Quality in Kyiv of the sites of educational institutions of communal, state and private forms of ownership of the city of Kyiv in relation to their availability and occupancy on 21 indicators: charter of educational institution; licenses for educational activities; structure and governing bodies of the educational institution; staff in accordance with the license conditions; educational programs implemented in the educational institution and the list of educational components provided by the relevant educational program; service area assigned to the educational institution by its founder (for preschool and general secondary education institutions); licensed volume and actual number of students; language (languages) of the educational process; availability of vacant positions, procedure and conditions of the competition for their replacement (in case of its holding); material and technical support of the educational institution (according to the license conditions); results of monitoring the quality of education; annual report on the activities of the educational institution; admission rules; conditions of accessibility of the educational institution for training of persons with special educational needs; tuition fees for private schools); list of additional educational and other services, their cost, procedure for provision and payment; rules of conduct for students; a plan of measures aimed at preventing and combating bullying in the educational institution; the procedure for submitting and reviewing (with confidentiality) applications for cases of bullying (harassment) in an educational institution, response and responsibility of persons in an educational institution involved in bullying (harassment). The authors of the article developed 518 sites of schools of various forms of ownership: state and communal forms of ownership - 437, private - 81. On average, according to 21 indicators, 56% of schools publish the necessary information on the websites of general secondary education institutions. The authors hope that the comments and suggestions set out in the conclusions to the article will help schools to systematize information about their lives and prospects.
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Farmer, Clare. „Invisible Powers to Punish: Licensee-barring Order Provisions in Victoria and South Australia“. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8, Nr. 1 (18.02.2019): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i1.1038.
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Problems associated with excessive alcohol consumption have prompted a range of legislative, regulatory and operational responses. One provision empowers licensees, in Australian jurisdictions such as Victoria and South Australia, to formally exclude patrons from their venues and the surrounding public area. The imposition of a licensee-barring order requires no demonstrable offence to be committed. No proof needs to be documented and the ban takes effect immediately. Non-compliance is subject to police enforcement and possible criminal breach proceedings. The process through which a barring order may be challenged can be ambiguous and time consuming, and the punishment is typically served regardless of the review outcome. However, limited data are available to enable assessment of the way in which barring orders are used. As such, this paper examines how licensee-barring orders extend to non-judicial and non-law enforcement officers an on-the-spot and pre-emptive power to punish. Yet, with no formal training, monitoring or meaningful oversight of their use, barring orders are open to abuse and constitute a summary power to punish that is opaque to scrutiny.
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Rolando, Sara, Franca Beccaria, Antonella Ermacora und Laura Marinaro. „Drinking and driving: training the "prevention multipliers"“. SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, Nr. 3 (November 2010): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2010-su3013-ing.
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In the period 2007-2009 the Ministry of Health and the CCM (the Desease Control Center), in accordance with the Piemonte Region and the ASL CN2 Alba-Bra, have realized 88 training courses in 11 regions involving 2427 "multipliers of prevention", including Health Service workers, law enforcement officers, driving school teachers, Motor Registry and Traffic Authority officers, teachers, instructors (provisional licences). The project provided the participants with methodological and teaching tools for the activation of prevention actions of road accidents caused by the consumption of alcohol, pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs, targeted at young learner drivers, new licence-holders, and high-risk drivers.
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Сорокин, Владимир Александрович, Ирина Федоровна Зенкова, Ирина Олеговна Виноградова und Олег Иванович Федулкин. „ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN REGULATORY AND NORMATIVE LICENSING IN THE FIELD OF FIRE SAFETY“. Актуальные вопросы пожарной безопасности, Nr. 3(9) (01.09.2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.avpb.2021.54.88.001.
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В статье рассмотрены изменения, внесенные в основополагающие законодательные акты Российской Федерации, регламентирующие осуществление деятельности в области пожарной безопасности - Федеральный закон «О пожарной безопасности» и Федеральный закон «О лицензировании отдельных видов деятельности» (далее - НПА). Проведен анализ влияния качества работ и услуг, составляющих лицензируемые виды деятельности, на снижение причиняемого в результате пожара вреда жизни и здоровью граждан, а также материального ущерба. Обоснован вывод о снижении административной нагрузки на хозяйствующие субъекты в результате введения в действие принятых изменений. Кроме того, актуализированные положения НПА позволили сформировать более совершенный механизм осуществления контроля за соблюдением лицензиатами лицензионных требований, позволяющий усилить эффективность регуляторных функций лицензирующего органа. The article considers the amendments to the fundamental legislative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the activities in the field of fire safety - the Federal Law "On Fire Safety" and the Federal Law "On Licensing of Certain Activities" (hereinafter - the NAP). There is conducted the analysis of impact of the quality of work and services constituting licensed activities on reducing the damage to life and health of citizens caused by fire, as well as material damage. There is drawn the conclusion on the reduction of administrative burden on business entities as a result of the implementation of adopted changes. In addition, the updated provisions of NAP enable to create better mechanism for monitoring the compliance of licensees with license requirements. This mechanism allows strengthening the effectiveness of the regulatory functions of the licensing authority.
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Ekemiri, Kingsley K., Prashan Seepersad, Ngozika E. Ezinne, Krista Seetaram und Niall Farnon. „A Pilot Study of Visual Function Parameters and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents among Drivers in Trinidad and Tobago“. Global Journal of Health Science 13, Nr. 9 (23.07.2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n9p24.
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BACKGROUND: Vision attributes to about 95% of the sensory requirements for driving. When driving, impaired visual functions will undoubtedly result in a delayed response to obstructions. The regulations governing the issuing and renewal of a driver’s license in Trinidad make no provision of a visual requirement assessment. The study was prompted by an upsurge in road traffic accidents in Trinidad and Tobago, a twin-island nation.
AIM: This pilot study investigates the relationship between defects in visual functions and traffic accidents among drivers on the island of Trinidad.
METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilizes a non-probability purposive sampling approach to enroll licensed drivers who had been driving within the island’s districts for the past five years, the study conducted at a Multi-Health-Training Facility in Trinidad’s Central Area. After completing a semi-structured questionnaire, participants were given a full eye examination.
RESULTS: 128 licensed drivers, both male and female, were enrolled for this study with ages ranging from 20 to 70 years with a mean age of 40.9 years ± 13.3 years, in which majority (83.6%, n = 107) of the drivers did not perform an eye exam before obtaining/renewing their driver’s license. About 32% (n = 41) of these drivers were involved in an RTA in the last five years. There was a statistically significant association between colour vision defect (x² = 15.94, p = 0.00), contrast sensitivity with a logCS score of less than 1.52 (x² = 25.05, p = 0.00, Cramer’s V= 0.442) and the occurrence of road traffic accident.
CONCLUSION: According to this study, one-quarter of drivers have been involved in a road traffic accident within the last five years, and three-quarters have never had an eye examination before obtaining or renewing their driver’s license. The relevance of designing and developing a screening protocol that can be easily applied to driving safety licensing policies were established in this study. Based on these findings, prospective driver’s license applicants must undergo a complete eye examination, to drastically reduce RTAs.
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Ryan, Patrick S. „The court as a spectrum regulator: will there be a European analogue to U.S. cases NextWave and GWI?“ German Law Journal 4, Nr. 2 (01.02.2003): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200015820.
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The January, 27, 2003 U.S. Supreme Court decision, FCC v. NextWave was, on the surface, nothing more than the high court's statutory interpretation of a single provision of the Bankruptcy Code. Deep down, however, NextWave tells an important spectrum management and regulatory story which is relevant in both the U.S. and European contexts. It is the story of a company which paid too much for wireless licenses at auction, and a story about a battle – political as well as legal – between government and industry for retention of the license. This same struggle is presently taking place in Europe in the wake of the 3G auctions. This Article reviews the recent NextWave decision and makes propositions about similarities in the European context.
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Wahyuningsih, Sri. „Implikasi Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pemberian Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos“. Jurnal Penelitian Pos dan Informatika 5, Nr. 1 (06.03.2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/jppi.2015.0501003.
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<p align="justify"><strong>Abstrak</strong>- Industri pos sebagai sarana komunikasi dan informasi yang mendukung distribusi diatur dalam UU 38 tahun 2009 tentang Pos Ketentuan Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos selanjutnya diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No.15 tahun 2013, dan selanjutnya diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kominfo no.32/2014 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pemberian Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos. yaitu Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos Nasional, Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos Provinsi dan Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos Kabupaten/Kota. Kajian membahas implikasi persyaratan izin penyelenggaraan terhadap badan usaha bidang pos. Hasil kajian literatur dan data sekunder dengan analisis menggunakan konsep MattewB.Miles dan A.Michael Huberman,didapatkan kejelasan implikasi Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pemberian Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos terhadap penyelenggara, bahwa ada batas waktu untuk penyesuaian Izin Penyelenggaraan Pos, dan apabila tidak memenuhi persyaratan sampai batas yang ditentukan, maka izin Penyelenggaraan Pos dicabut. Penyelenggara pos perlu mencermati ketentuan perijinan termasuk peraturan Pemerintah Daerah.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Abstract</strong>-Postal industry as a means of communication and information that support the distribution stipulated in Law 38 of 2009 on the Post of Post further license provisions stipulated in Government Regulation 15 of 2013, and further stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Communications and Information Technology no.32 / 2014 on Conditions and Procedures Permit granting of Post. namely the National Post Operation Permits, Licenses and Permits Province of Post of Post Regency / City. Studies discuss the implications of the requirements of the operating license to the post sector business entities. The results of the literature review and secondary data analysis using the concept MattewB.Miles and A.Michael Huberman, obtain clarity of the implications of the Terms and Procedures for Granting Licenses of Post to the organizers, that there is a time limit to permit adjustment of Post, and if it does not meet the requirements to the extent is specified, then the permission of Post revoked. Postal organizers need to look at licensing provisions including regulations Local Government</p>
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Messersmith, Jessica J., Jill Lockie, Lindsey Jorgensen, Shana Bauer Vaith und Elizabeth Falk. „Legislation Impacting Audiology and the Provision of Audiological Services: A Review of Legislation Across the United States“. American Journal of Audiology 23, Nr. 2 (Juni 2014): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_aja-13-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this review was to investigate the legislation about the provision of audiology services. Specifically, the goal of the review was to investigate the similarities and differences in legislation regarding the identification of, and audiology services provided to, children with hearing loss. Method A systematic review was conducted to collect state-specific legislation regarding the audiology licensure requirements, requirements about the identification and management of children with hearing loss, and insurance coverage regulations. Compiled data were analyzed for similarities and differences between state regulations and legislature. Results All states require audiologists to hold licensure; however, many differences exist between the requirements of acquiring and maintaining the license. Some states regulate the identification and management of children with hearing loss, whereas others do not. Additionally, states differ in their regulation of services provided to children with hearing loss, who can provide these services, and what is covered by insurance. Conclusion It is critical for audiologists to understand the requirements of their state in the provision of audiology services. Specifically, it is important for audiologists to understand how the laws may impact the services they provide to children with hearing loss.
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Patel, Minal, Emily M. Donovan, Siobhan N. Perks, Darlene Huang, Lauren Czaplicki, Maham Akbar, Stacey Gagosian und Barbara A. Schillo. „E-cigarette Tobacco Retail Licensing Laws: Variance Across US States as of January 1, 2020“. American Journal of Public Health 110, Nr. 9 (September 2020): 1380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305771.
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Objectives. To describe how US states and the District of Columbia regulate e-cigarette sales by examining e-cigarette–specific tobacco retail licensing (TRL) laws. Methods. We coded 25 state-level e-cigarette TRL laws (effective as of January 1, 2020) for provisions we labeled as either “core” (e.g., presence of license terms, fees, and penalties) or “descriptive” (e.g., license fee amount and term length). Results. Overall, 23 laws clearly defined a license term, 23 laws required a license fee, and 19 laws identified penalties for violations that included both license suspension and revocation. Fees widely ranged ($5–$1000 annually), and 8 laws did not explicitly direct fees toward TRL administration or enforcement. No law required that retailers comply with all local, state, and federal tobacco or e-cigarette laws. Conclusions. Most laws contained core TRL provisions. Several laws, however, had minimal license fees and did not direct fees toward administration or enforcement. As youth e-cigarette use increases, more states should consider establishing e-cigarette TRL laws or incorporating provisions into existing TRL laws.
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Wiggers, John, Robyn Considine, Trevor Hazell, Melanie Haile, Maria Rees und Justine Daly. „Increasing the Practice of Health Promotion Initiatives by Licensed Premises“. Health Education & Behavior 28, Nr. 3 (Juni 2001): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800307.
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Licensees of all licensed premises in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, were offered free services to encourage adoption of health promotion initiatives relating to responsible service of alcohol, environmental tobacco smoke, healthy food choices, breast and cervical cancer prevention, and the prevention of HIV/AIDS. A total of 239 premises participated in the follow-up survey. Increases in prevalence ranged between 11% and 59% for alcohol-related initiatives. The prevalence of smoke-free areas and healthy food choices increased from 32% to 65% and 42% to 96%, respectively, and the provision of cancer prevention information increased from 3% to 59%. Licensed premises represent a particularly challenging sector for health promotion practitioners to work in. The results of this study suggest that the adoption of health promotion initiatives by licensed premises can be increased. A considerable opportunity therefore exists for health promotion practitioners to become more actively involved in facilitating the adoption of such initiatives in this setting.
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Ahmad, Puziah, Alamah Misni, Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin und Nurazureen Daud. „Green Neighbourhood Adaptive Model for Urban Living: A Conceptual Review“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, Nr. 5 (19.03.2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i5.690.
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Green Neighborhood can be defined as a neighborhood area that meets the needs of peoples’ daily activities and allows communities to control pollution, save energy, increase employment, decrease crime rates, develop friendships, practice on-site renewable energy methods and preserve agricultural and environmentally sensitive areas. In such an environment, people make easy access to their home, workplaces, public facilities, transit facilities and green spaces within a comfortable walking scale. The guidance is aimed at assisting local authorities and agencies to implement five (5) selected green neighborhood initiatives; Provision of Pedestrian Walkway, Provision of Bicycle Lane, rainwater Harvesting System, Waste Composting and Community Farming.Keywords: Green Neighbourhood; Environment; CommunityISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Wilkinson, Claire, und Sarah MacLean. „Enforcement of liquor licence provisions: The introduction of civilian licence inspectors in Victoria“. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 20, Nr. 1 (30.04.2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2012.676106.
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Nordin, Norshidah, Nurhazwani Abd Halim und Melissa Malik. „Assessing Readiness for Self-Directed Learning among College Students in the Provision of Higher Learning Institution“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, Nr. 3 (03.08.2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i3.352.
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Readiness for self-directed learning (SDRLS) is a necessary skill for 21st-century learners. Learners are expected to be responsible for their own learning. However, to what extend Malaysian students are ready to facilitate their own learning or are they still being spoon-fed? This study was intended to assess SDLRS among college students. It utilized a survey method research design. There were 136 diploma students participated in this study. The finding revealed that respondents' levels of SDRLS were high. There was significant difference between SDRLS and gender but no significant differences between academic achievement and hometown. The discussion addresses implications to educators in designing instructional strategies© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: innovation, self-directed learning, readiness, 21st-century learners
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Ahmad, Puziah, Alamah Misni, Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin und Nurazureen Daud. „A Conceptual Review of Green Neighbourhood Adaptive Model for Urban Living“. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 4, Nr. 15 (03.12.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v4i15.167.
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Green Neighborhood can be defined as a neighborhood area that meets the needs of peoples’ daily activities and allows communities to control pollution, save energy, increase employment, decrease crime rates, develop friendships, practice on-site renewable energy methods and preserve agricultural and environmentally sensitive areas. In such an environment, people make easy access to their home, workplaces, public facilities, transit facilities and green spaces within a comfortable walking scale. The guidance is aimed at assisting local authorities and agencies to implement five (5) selected green neighborhood initiatives; Provision of Pedestrian Walkway, Provision of Bicycle Lane, rainwater Harvesting System, Waste Composting and Community Farming.Keywords: green neighbourhood; environment; community; comfortableeISSN 2398-4295 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v4i15.167
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Fahmi, Danang Muhammad Zawahirul, Sukanda Husin und Rembrandt Rembrandt. „Legal Consequences of Acquiring Company of Mining License Holder That Has Not Obtained Government Approval toward Mining License Transfer and Control“. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, Nr. 3 (22.07.2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.908.
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The objectives of this research are 1) to find out the legal consequences of acquiring company of mining license holder that has not obtained government approval toward mining license transfer and control, 2) to find out the legal liabilities of company that acquires company of mining license holder. This legal research applies the method of normative juridical legal approach. The data analysis technique employs qualitative analysis. The results of this research revealed that the acquirer actually does not have any legal liability to the acquired party unless the acquirer is indeed proven to have committed bad faith during and after the acquisition process which could harm other parties including third parties. Thus, the acquirer can be held directly liable through the court or other ways. Meanwhile, the legal liability of the acquired party is that they must carry out an administrative process to the relevant agencies namely the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, to fulfill the provisions referred to in Article 93 of the Mineral and Coal Law. The party that acquires the company of mining license holder has the same obligation as the acquired party. The acquirer must comply with the provisions in the form of obligations which are required to the mining license holder such as the provisions of Article 95 up to 112 of Mineral and Coal Law.
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Mastura Muhammad Arif, Afida. „An analysis of copyright protection in Saudi Arabia“. International Journal of Law and Management 56, Nr. 1 (04.02.2014): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-03-2012-0010.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the copyright laws of Saudi Arabia, illustrating the provisions governing the law. It seeks to outline Saudi Arabia copyright law within the framework of the international copyright protection, which include the Berne Convention and the TRIPS agreement. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a thorough scrutinizing of the legal provisions of the Saudi Copyright Laws in regard to protected works, author's exclusive rights, lawful use of copyrighted works and the exceptions, mandatory licenses, duration of protection, provisions of infringements and penalties. The highlighted issue is concerning the exceptions in regard to public interest, particularly relating to education purposes. Findings – The paper finds that the Saudi Arabia Copyright Laws have met the requirement of the international copyright laws. The conditions for mandatory license and the 12 exceptions which permit lawful usage of copyrighted work under the copyright law without seeking the permission of the author are also in line with the international copyright laws, as public interest is the paramount consideration in exercising these exceptions. Originality/value – There is lack of study on copyright law in the Saudi Arabia per se. Therefore, this study on the Saudi Arabia copyright laws seeks to fill in this gap and to provoke further discussion on this issue. It should be useful to the academic community, particularly in the Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.
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Bates, Lyndel, Millie J. Darvell und Barry Watson. „Young and unaffected by road policing strategies: Using deterrence theory to explain provisional drivers’ (non)compliance“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, Nr. 1 (27.07.2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815589824.
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Newly licenced drivers are disproportionately represented in traffic injuries and crash statistics. Despite the implementation of countermeasures designed to improve safety, such as graduated driver licencing (GDL) schemes, many young drivers do not comply with road rules. This study used a reconceptualised deterrence theory framework to investigate young drivers’ perceptions of the enforcement of road rules in general and those more specifically related to GDL. A total of 236 drivers aged 17–24 completed a questionnaire assessing their perceptions of various deterrence mechanisms (personal and vicarious) and their compliance with both GDL-specific and general road rules. Hierarchical multiple regressions conducted to explore noncompliant behaviour revealed that, contrary to theoretical expectations, neither personal nor vicarious punishment experiences affected compliance in the expected direction. Instead, the most influential factors contributing to noncompliance were licence type (P2) and, counterintuitively, having previously been exposed to enforcement. Parental enforcement was also significant in the prediction of transient rule violations, but not fixed rule violations or overall noncompliance. Findings are discussed in light of several possibilities, including an increase in violations due to more time spent on the road, an ‘emboldening effect’ noted in prior studies and possible conceptual constraints regarding the deterrence variables examined in this study.
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Nicol, Dianne, und John Liddicoat. „Do patents impede the provision of genetic tests in Australia?“ Australian Health Review 37, Nr. 3 (2013): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13029.
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Objective. Health policy and law reform agencies lack a sound evidence base of the impacts of patents on innovation and access to healthcare to assist them in their deliberations. This paper reports the results of a survey of managers of Australian genetic testing laboratories that asked a series of questions relating to the tests they perform, whether they pay to access patented inventions and whether they have received notifications from patent holders about patents associated with particular tests. Results. Some diagnostics facilities are exposed to patent costs, but they are all located in the private sector. No public hospitals reported paying licence fees or royalties beyond those included in the price of commercial test kits. Some respondents reported having received enforcement notices from patent holders, but almost all related to the widely known breast cancer-associated patents. Respondents were also asked for their views on the most effective mechanisms to protect their ability to provide genetic tests now and in the future. Going to the media, paying licence fees, ignoring patent rights and relying on the government to take action were widely seen as most effective. Litigation and applications for compulsory licences were seen as some of the least effective mechanisms. Conclusion. These results provide an evidence base for development of health policy and law reform. What is known about the topic? The impact of patents on the delivery of genetic testing services remains unclear in Australia. What does this paper add? The survey reported in this paper suggests that, aside from well-known enforcement actions relating to the breast cancer associated patents, there is little evidence that providers of genetic testing services are being exposed to aggressive patent-enforcement practices. What are the implications for practitioners? Although patent-enforcement actions may increase in the future, a range of strategies are available to providers of testing services to protect them against adverse consequences of such actions. There are ongoing law reform activities aimed at improving these strategies.
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Abdul Mohit, Mohammad, und Mohamed Azim. „Residents’ Satisfaction with Public Housing in Hulhumale’ Area of Male’, Maldives“. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, Nr. 9 (30.06.2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.302.
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This paper examines the residents’ satisfaction with public housing in the Hulhumale’ area of Male’ in Maldives, with a focus on physical features, the provision of services, public facilities and the social environment in the housing area and their contributions to residents’ overall housing satisfaction. The findings show that a majority of the residents is only slightly satisfied, though satisfaction levels are generally higher for the provision of services and public facilities, compared to the satisfaction with physical space in the housing unit and the social environment in the neighbourhood. The study infers that merely providing housing does not ensure success of housing development and policies in the Maldives.
Keywords: Housing satisfaction, physical features, public facilities, social environment.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.302
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Kilborn, Jason J. „Technology and Regulatory Black Holes: Issues in Protecting IP Rights in Insolvency for Both Licensors and Licensees“. QUT Law Review 18, Nr. 2 (21.02.2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v18i2.767.
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Australia’s insolvency laws have a curious deficiency: There are virtually no provisions on the treatment of ongoing contracts. Such contracts may well represent some of the most valuable assets of a business debtor, small or large, especially in this new era of rapid technological innovation, where tangible property often pales in value to that inherent in intellectual property. Indeed, IP rights are often the nucleus around which a small business’ vitality revolves. The inability of businesses predictably to rely on, manage, and protect license contracts preserving IP rights is a problem that is sure to become more acute in the coming decades, as both the importance of IP rights and the incidence of business insolvency rise. Experience from across the Pacific portends a potential wave of coming disputes involving such rights in developed economies like Australia’s, potentially hitting small entrepreneurs hard and undermining the effectiveness of insolvency proceedings for these crucial debtors and their creditors. This article reveals a proliferation of disputes concerning IP license rights and several salient challenges confronted by both licensors and licensees, debtors and non-debtors, in domestic and cross-border insolvency proceedings in US insolvency proceedings. The common root of these challenges seems to be legislation that did not foresee the rise of IP licensing as a mainstay of modern entrepreneurship. The simple common solution, and a guide for Australian regulators, is more careful consideration of non-obvious pitfalls in laws that preserve IP license rights in insolvency cases to maximise value not only for the parties involved, but for modern societies who increasingly depend on innovation and entrepreneurship.
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Brooks, Roger G., und Damien Geradin. „Interpreting and Enforcing the Voluntary FRAND Commitment“. International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2011010101.
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Although often debated as though it were public law, a FRAND undertaking is a private contract between a patent-holder and an SSO. Applying ordinary principles of contract interpretation to the case of ETSI IPR policy reveals that “interpretations” of FRAND advocated by some authors—including cumulative royalty limits, royalties set by counting patents, or a prohibition on capture by the patent-holder of any gains created by standardization—cannot be correct. Rather, a FRAND obligation leaves wide latitude to private parties negotiating a license. However, this does not mean that a FRAND commitment has no substance to be enforced by courts. In this paper, the authors review how, consistent with both contract principles and established judicial method, courts can enforce a contractual obligation to offer licenses on FRAND terms, without becoming IPR price regulators. Similarly, ordinary principles of contract interpretation reveal that the “non-discriminatory” portion of FRAND cannot be interpreted to be coextensive with common “most favored nations” provisions, but instead contemplates substantial latitude for private parties to negotiate terms suited to their particular situations.
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Herman, Herman, Oheo K. Haris und Syahbudin Syahbudin. „Criminal Law Aspect of Illegal Transshipment Under Act Number 45 of 2009 Concerning Fisheries“. Yuridika 36, Nr. 2 (01.05.2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v36i2.23225.
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This study aims to analyze the practice of illegal transshipment in compliance with Act Number 45 of 2009 criminal provisions law concerning Fisheries, using legal concept, law, and case approaches. Nowadays, there are various operational modes of fish theft, with poor regulations that maximally accommodate crimes related to fisheries by perpetrators. Therefore, due to its unsustainability and economic loss, the fisheries and marine sector in Indonesia has to improve its performance. The results show that illegal transshipment engages some elements contained in Article 94 and 94A of Act Number 45 of 2009 which was an amendment of Act Number 31 of 2004. According to article 94, when a fishing vessel is caught transferring shipment in the middle of a high sea without in possession of a license called SIKPI, its owner/s are sentenced to 5-years imprisonment with a IDR 1,500,000,000 fine. Meanwhile, according to Article 94A, when a fishing vessel is caught using fake licenses such as SIUP, SIPI, and SIKPI, its owners are sentenced to 7 years imprisonment with a fine of IDR 3,000,000,000.00).
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Nassar, Dina Mamdouh, und Marwa Kamel El-Sayed. „Urban Challenge Meets Hidden Potentials: Sustainable Development of El-Max Fishermen Village in Alexandria, Egypt“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, Nr. 4 (07.08.2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.95.
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Slum upgrading programs in Egypt focus mainly on the provision of essential services. Social and environmental needs are neglected resulting in critical issues. A community-driven approach is proposed to unfold the potential of slums by giving control of decisions and resources to the community.The research examines ‘El-Max’ Fishermen Village based on its potential due to its unique urban pattern and characteristics. It argues the ability of an informal settlement to reach sustainability goals through a community driven approach. It sets out a framework for urban development, emphasising social sustainability built on sound governance and good urban management.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Slum Upgrading; Sustainable Urban Development; Community-Driven Development (CDD); Urban Management.
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Abdullah, Jamalunlaili, Muhammad Azri Alwi und Che Bon Ahmad. „The Impact of Redevelopment towards Physical and Socioeconomy of Orang Asli in Ulu Kuang Village, Rawang“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, Nr. 5 (18.03.2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i5.684.
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This study was conducted at Orang Asli settlement in Ulu Kuang Village, Rawang in order to evaluate the impacts of the redevelopment of the settlement towards its physical and socio-economic conditions. 73 out of 92 households were interviewed during the study period. Descriptive, comparative analysis and socioeconomic analyses were conducted. It was found that generally the Orang Asli were satisfied with their physical and socio-economic conditions after the redevelopment, although a few problems remain. Some improvements such as the provision of water tank and waste disposal collecting service, as well as income generation and human development programmes are offered.Keywords: Redevelopment; Orang Asli (aborigines); Socio-economic impacts; physical impactsISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Omar, Dasimah, Kamarul Ariff Omar, Zaharah Mohd Yusoff und Fazzami Othman. „A Mixed-Method Research on Recreation Space for Youth in Malaysia“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI2 (27.12.2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi2.2518.
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This research applied a mixed-methods analysis of the recreation space for youth in Malaysian urban and rural areas applying both the qualitative and quantitative approach. For qualitative research, four (4) focus group discussions (FGD) with 24 youth and 22 stakeholders have conducted while for quantitative research, a total of 800 youth selected as respondents. The quantitative research questionnaire based on the outcome of the FGD. The results found that the provision of recreational space in urban and rural areas including location, adequacy ratio, current condition, proximity, accessibility and level of maintenance required to reviewed for improvement. Keywords: Youth, Space, Qualitative, Quantitative eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI2.2518.
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Kathijotes, Nicholas. „Protection of the Marine Environment in Developing Counties: Management of nutrient inputs“. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 1, Nr. 1 (01.12.2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v1i1.172.
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The management and treatment of sludge in developing countries, from on-site sanitation systems has neither been addressed by problem holders nor by researchers. All septic tanks need to be desludged regularly in order to maintain a certain level of treatment efficiency and minimize ecological and eventual marine pollution incidences. Practices followed in developing countries are discussed and lessons learned are emphasized for promoting sustainable community development. Stakeholder identification and participation and their cooperation through the process, as well as new regulations on service provision and management procedures are addressed in this study.
© 2016 The Author. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Keywords: Waste water, coastal zone, faecal sludge, nutrient control.
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Audas, R. „The use of provisionally licensed international medical graduates in Canada“. Canadian Medical Association Journal 173, Nr. 11 (22.11.2005): 1315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050675.
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