Dissertationen zum Thema „Protéome bactérien“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Protéome bactérien" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Coquet, Laurent. „Survie de Yersinia ruckeri dans les bassins piscicoles sous la forme de biofilm, incidence de l'adhésion sur le protéome bactérien“. Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYersinia ruckeri is the causal agent of yersiniosis, a serious infectious disease in the rainbow trout farms. Three strains have been isolated from a fish farm, essentially from the tank wall surface and from sediments, suggesting a survival in a biofilm status. This hypothesis has been confirmed by the high ability of the majority strain to form biofilms on materials. This environmental strain was sensitive to oxolinic acid and flumequine but exhibited a lower susceptibility to antibiotics as compared to a collection strain. Agar-entrapped and adherent cells were more resistant to antibiotics than plancktonic cells. .
Ramos, Cruz Ana Raquel. „Characterization of the surface of segmented filamentous bacteria from the unicellular to filamentous stage“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhemiri, Arbia. „Protéome total, membranome et surfaceome de legionella pneumophila philadelphia : Caractérisation du protéome « biofilm »“. Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegionella pneumophila is a Gram negative bacterium found world-wide in fresh-water environments, where it persists in a free-living or biofilm-associated state. L. Pneumophila causes the severe pneumonia Legionnnaires’disease. Few data are available on the proteome of L. Pneumophila. In this manuscript, we report the whole proteome and the protein maps of outer membrane proteins (membranome) and surface-associated proteins (surfaceome) of the bacterium. These studies allowed to locate some hypothetical proteins within the outer membrane and at the cell surface. We also identified several majority porins and some proteins which seems specific to Legionella. Among them, some surface-associated proteins might be used for the development of new biosensors. The genome of L. Pneumophila reveals the presence of a high number of genes coding for eukaryotic-like proteins. By using database searches, homology investigations and proteomic approaches, we pointed out the presence in L. Pneumophila of three proteins whose sequences share similarities with that of eukaryotic polypeptides, i. E. , Lpg0211 (TspO), Lpg1974 (Omp32) and Lpg1982 (Lcy). In eukaryotes, the corresponding proteins (PBR, VDAC and cyclophilin) participate to the formation of the mammalian mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), a complex involved in cell apoptosis. In Legionella, we hypothesized that these proteins are recruited in a multiprotein complex close to the MPTP, which may regulate intracellular survival and/or proliferation. Finally, we compared the proteome of planktonic bacteria with that of biofilm counterparts (formed on stainless steel coupons). Results showed that some proteins were accumulated by sessile organisms. We also identified two hypothetical proteins (Lpg0563s and Lpg1809) that were specifically produced by biofilm cells. Researches of homology showed that Lpg0563 and Lpg1809 are specific to L. Pneumophila
Rueff, Anne-Stéphanie. „Role de protéines associées au cytosquelette bactérien“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarois, Eric. „Analyse de l'induction de gènes de poivron par la protéine AvrBs3 de xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria“. Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePawlak, Barbara. „Mécanisme de sécrétion des protéines chez myxococcus xanthus : étude de la sécrétion d'une protéine étrangère après clonage du gène en aval d'un promoteur inductible“. Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGervais, Marie-Laure. „Etude des intéractions protéine-protéine par double hybride bactérien : applications en agro-alimentaire et en santé“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555532.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFavini-Stabile, Sandy. „Études biochimiques et structurales des interactions entre la protéine MreB, homologue bactérien de l'actine, et les enzymes Murs impliquées dans le mécanisme de formation de la paroi des bactéries“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResistance to antibiotics is increasingly frequent and therapy for patients infected by multi-resistant strains is more and more complicated and delicate, nay sometimes inefficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antibiotics to stave off the resurgent threat of bacterial epidemics.The relatively well-known mechanism of bacterial cell wall formation remains a pathway of prime interest in the search for therapeutic targets. Strikingly, recent studies have suggested that the biosynthesis of its main component, peptidoglycan, would involve macromolecular protein-protein complexes. Particularly, Mur ligases were suggested to form a multipartite complex which would recruit transglycosidase MurG and bacterial actin homolog MreB as well. Interestingly, these enzymes are targetted by none of the antibiotics in clinical use.The work carried out during this PhD showed by surface plasmon resonance and dot blot techniques that MurD, MurE, and MurF all recognize MurG and MreB, but not each other, whilst the two latter proteins interact. A crystallogenesis screening allowed to determine the crystallogenic fingerprints of single proteins and potential complexes, aiming for the crystal structure of one of the Mur complexes. Thanks to this screening, the structures of MurD, MurE, MurF were solved, suggesting that the conformational flexibility of their C-terminal domain might be involved in complex formation and stability. In addition, two data sets which could correspond to MreB-MurE and MreB-MurF complexes are still beeing processed.These results mark a further step in the characterization of the cytoplasmic peptidoglycan machinery, opening up towards novel therapeutic targets which would impair the integrity of the macromolecular complex
Corneloup, Alix. „La dissémination des séquences REP dans les génomes bactériens : caractérisation des activités des protéines TnpAREP“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn spite of their compact size, bacterial genomes carry many repetitive sequences, often important for genome function and evolution. Among them, REPs are short DNA found at high copy number in intergenic regions in many bacterial species. These sequences can form stem-loop structures preceded by a conserved tetranucleotide. They can exist as individual units but also as complex consecutive clusters called BIMEs. REP/BIMEs are known to interact with different proteins and several important roles have been attributed to these sequences in cell physiology. However, their origin and dissemination mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, a first example of prokaryotic domesticated transposases (TnpAREP) was found associated with REP/BIME sequences in structure called REPtron. REP/BIMEs might represent a special type of non-autonomous transposable element mobilizable by TnpAREP. TnpAREP is member of the HuH enzymes superfamily including Relaxases, Rep proteins of RCR plasmids/ss phages and some transposases. These transposases are fundamentally different from classical transposases. They use HuH motif (Histidine-hydrophobe-Histidine) to coordinate metal cofactor and tyrosine residues (Y) as nucleophile for catalysis. TnpAREP shares certain similarities to Y1 HuH transposases encoded by the IS200/IS605 family which processes only ssDNA substrates. Analysis of E. coli TnpAREP activity in vitro also shown the strict requirement of structured single stranded REP/BIME DNA substrates. Cleavage in vitro occurs at a specific dinucleotide. In contrast to Y1 HuH transposases which are obligatory dimers, E. coli TnpAREP is a monomer as shown by structural studies. Furthermore, TnpAREP activities have never been described in vivo. This raises questions about its catalytic sites and also the way by which it promotes REP/BIME proliferation within their host genomes. The first objective of my PhD was to characterize the TnpAREP catalytic site. My results exclude the possibility of a second catalytic site as observed for REP protein of some plasmid families. Here I show that in vivo, expression of TnpAREP under control of an inducible external promoter is toxic to E. coli cells and induces SOS response, the effect depending on catalytic activity of the protein. I have developed an assay to map TnpAREP cleavage sites in vivo and show that it can cleave both DNA strands on plasmid and bacterial chromosome. In these conditions, an excision of BIME could be observed. I also constructed bacterial strains to perform REP/BIME experimental evolution, results are under analysis. Finally, we are extending our analysis to a subgroup of TnpAREP that are associated with another type of REP/BIME. This comparative analysis not only permitted to generalize some properties observed with E. coli TnpAREP but also revealed some interesting distinct characteristics of this subgroup
Boucrot, Emmanuel. „Analyse moléculaire de SifA, une protéine de virulence de Salmonella typhimurium“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDominique, Manon. „Effets pharmacologiques d'une protéine bactérienne mimétique d'hormones satiétogènes : la protéine ClpB sur le comportement alimentaire“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR072/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the gut microbiota and especially the effect of its secretory products is an expanding field of research in order to open therapeutic perspectives for nutritional diseases such as obesity or TCA. Among these molecules, the Caseinolytic peptidase B (ClpB) is a bacterial protein having a molecular mimicry in common with α-MSH, a neuropeptide whose anorectic actions are peripheral and central and possible via a microbiota-intestinal-brain communication. Current studies attempt to demonstrate whether this molecular mimicry can confer similar anorectic effects at the ClpB protein. The aim of this thesis was studied the potential pharmacological effects of ClpB protein the regulation of eating behavior. Given that the composition of the gut microbiota is dependent on the food present, the first study was evaluated in vitro the impact of three types of macronutrients on the production and expression of the ClpB protein by E. coli bacteria. Then, it was evaluated whether this protein could influence the secretion of satietogenic peptides like PYY by intestinal enteroendocrine cells using a primary culture of rat intestinal cells. Previous studies of U 1073 laboratory have shown that this protein has been found at the plasma level, the second study was performed in mice submitted to an anorexia model (ABA) to clarify the impact of dietary restriction on the ClpB protein, to better understand its possible involvement in the physiopathology of anorexia nervosa. Finally, the third study was evaluated the pharmacological effects of ClpB protein on food intake in vivo in rodents. The impact of the natural fragmentation of this protein and particularly of one of its fragments on food intake was also evaluated
Jouault, Albane. „Altérocine : une protéine antibiofilm secrétée par la bactérie marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS588.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe biofilm lifestyle gives bacteria a protection against antibacterial agents and leads to public health problems that require an alternative to current treatments. The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 and its exoproducts (SN3J6) display an antibiofilm activity against various bacteria from marine or terrestrial origin. A protein from SN3J6, named alterocin, was partially purified. Although the protein is found in several other Pseudoalteromonas strains, its function remains unknown. In this work, we studied the alterocin. We investigated the protein and gene characteristics at first. The gene alt, coding alterocin, is not part of an operon and several potential promoters were identified. According to our results, its expression seems subject to regulation as it is mainly expressed in stationary phase. It encodes a 139-residue protein with a putative leader peptide, which would allow the secretion of mature alterocin as a 119-residue protein. No sequence homology has been found between alterocin and other proteins of known function in data bases. Anti-alterocin antibodies were produced for an easily detection method. In a second time, we confirmed the antibiofilm activity of alterocin by heterologous production in another Pseudoalteromonas strain and comparing biofilms obtained in the presence of culture supernatants of either this strain or the parental strain. In this work, we showed that the alterocin is a new type of antibiofilm protein whose structure and mechanism of action remain to be elucidated to use it as antibiofilm agent
Cantaloube, Sylvain. „Architecture et essentialité des complexes de biosynthèse des acides mycoliques de la bactérie pathogène Mycobacterium tuberculosis“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/808/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMycolic acids are major constituents of mycobacteria envelope. The essential mycolic acids biosynthesis pathway use two fatty acids elongation systems : FAS-II (several enzymes) and FAS-I (mega-enzyme which has all the catalytic domains). It was shown that FAS-II enzymes interact with themselves to form elongation complexes. This study completes the biosynthesis pathway interactome. New partners were integrated to the interactions network thanks to yeast double and triple hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation. Structural alignments between FAS-II enzymes and mFAS-I allow us to propose an original interactome model of the mycolic acids biosynthesis pathway. Finally, we have studied homotypic interactions of the system reductases (MabA and InhA). We have shown that a4a5 interface homomultimersiation is essential for mycobacteria survival. So, this interface is a new target to find new antituberculous drugs
Périn, Olivier. „Etude du changement conformationnel de la protéine FapR : cible potentielle pour de nouvelles molécules antibiotiques contre des bactéries Gram positives“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFapR ("Fatty acids and phospholipids Regulator") repressor controls the genetic expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids and is conserved among several Gram-positive bacteria. Upon malonyl-CoA binding, a metabolite of this pathway, a conformational change occurs which regulates the binding of FapR on DNA. To investigate the derepression mechanism, specific tools were developed to analyze the structural details of the FapR transition and allowed us to propose a model for this transition which seems to be governed by a shift of population modulated by the binding of its partners facilitated by the intrinsic flexibility of FapR. The energetic aspect of the transition was initiated by the development of a new method for free energy calculation. Intermediate structures were used to define a universal reaction coordinate and constraints centered on this points were used for the sampling. A reaction coordinate independent of the biasing potential raises uncertainties during the calculation of the profile needing the development of a derived version of WHAM, WHAM-m, which allows to reduce those uncertainties and produces profiles rapidly and accurately. To maintain FapR repression, we tried to substitute malonyl-CoA using virtual screening experiments. After selection, virtual hits were tested by thermal-shift assay and promising candidates are now subjected to co-crystallization. Identify an antagonist able to prevent the conformational change is an interesting challenge and could modulate or block the lipids biosynthesis
Pesset, Bénédicte. „Conception, synthèse et vectorisation d'inhibiteurs potentiels de la protéine bactérienne TonB“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ089/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing resistances to the current antibiotherapies, and the potential use of pathogenic bacteria as biological weapons led us to the absolute necessity of discovering new biological targets and new antibiotic strategies. In this context, iron uptake pathways of Gram negative bacteria are promising targets. Indeed, iron is an essential nutrient, but it has a low bioavailability. Bacteria have developed efficient iron uptake pathways in order to proliferate. Iron is transported in the bacterial cell by specific outer membrane transporters and thanks to the energy provided by a complex molecular machinery, called TonB. The TonB protein, which is the keystone of this machinery, is a key target for the development of new antibiotics. We would like to sequester this protein in the periplasm thanks to molecules constituted of a peptidic moiety and a heterocyclic moiety such as isoindole or 1,2,4-triazine. The conception and the synthesis of these compounds are presented in this document, as well as their possibilities to be vectorized using a “Trojan Horse” strategy. Our contribution to the development of an in vitro test of affinity is presented as well
Bou, Haidar Naila. „Développement d’un pansement à libération contrôlée d’une protéine spécifique anti-biofilm bactérien. Application aux plaies chroniques“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBacterial biofilms are a major obstacle to the wound healing process. In addition, they are responsible for the emergence of resistance and tolerance to antibiotics. Hence, the development of controlled drug delivery systems targeting the bacterial biofilm appears as an urgent and essential alternative therapeutic approach for the effective management of chronic wound. In this work, we developed wound dressings in which a protein, dispersin B (DB), is released capable of selectively targeting the biofilm matrix, creating a deleterious microenvironment for the bacterial biofilm. To this end, we were interested in asymmetric membranes (AMs) from biodegradable polyesters such as the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), the poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) and the polylactic acid. By the incorporation of hydrophilic porogen agents (PA), we were able to obtain AMs with a high level of porosity, exhibiting a porous interconnected network and oxygen and water vapor permeability. Using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, we demonstrated that protein loading and release from the PBSA AMs were affected by the membrane structure and the presence of residual PA. In vitro studies showed highest antibiofilm efficiency both in inhibition and dispersion (up to 80%). Normalized in vitro cytotoxicity standard assays revealed that unloaded and DB-loaded PBSA membranes met cytocompatibility criteria required for wound dressing applications
Nazaret, Fanny. „Régulation redox chez la bactérie symbiotique Sinorhizobium meliloti : Caractérisation du régulateur transcriptionnel SydR et analyse du protéome S-glutathionylé“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlant-bacteria interactions are essential for plant health and development. The establishment and maintenance of these interactions rely on the ability of bacteria to adapt to their hosts and environmental variations. In particular, Rhizobiaceae bacteria are involved in symbiotic interactions with legume plants, contributing to soil nitrogen enrichment. This symbiosis is initiated in the rhizosphere with a molecular dialogue, followed by root infection and nodule formation, where bacteria differentiate into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. During the several steps of the symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and Medicago truncatula, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are produced by the plant, and bacterial antioxidant defense is a key determinant for successful interaction. ROS can act as signal molecules and induce reversible post-translational modifications involving redox-active cysteines of proteins that may regulate their activities. Thus, ROS produced at several steps of the interaction may activate signaling pathways regulating symbiosis. However, the mechanisms of redox regulation in S. meliloti and their importance in the symbiotic interaction remain largely unknown.As part of their evolution, bacteria have evolved ROS-sensing proteins, such as redox-sensing transcriptional regulators (TRs). TRs of the MarR family are involved in the regulation of various functions, particularly in plant-interacting bacteria. In S. meliloti, we identified SydR, whose oxidation inhibits DNA-binding activity via the formation of an inter-molecular disulfide bond. Study of a ΔsydR mutant showed that SydR is crucial for symbiotic infection and nodule development in interaction with M. truncatula. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SydR controls a regulon of genes encoding various hydrolases, oxidoreductases and stress response proteins. Moreover, the overexpression of certain of these genes is specifically responsible of the symbiotic phenotype of the ΔsydR mutant.We also aimed to identify S. meliloti proteins that are susceptible to S-glutathionylation. Indeed, the formation of a disulfide bond between a cysteine and glutathione (GSH) is part of redox-dependent post-translational modifications that may regulate protein activities. GSH has been described as particularly important during the S. meliloti - M. truncatula symbiosis, suggesting that relevant redox-dependent signaling pathways during the interaction may involve S-glutathionylated proteins. To identify these proteins in S. meliloti, we developed a redox proteomics approach. Our experimental protocol allowed us to analyze the first S-glutathionylated proteome of S. meliloti, enabling future functional analyses to characterize the role of this modification in symbiosis. In conclusion, our work on SydR and the S-glutathionylated proteome in S. meliloti highlight the importance of redox regulation in the symbiotic bacterium, thus supporting the hypothesis of a close link between ROS production detected during symbiosis and regulation of key signaling pathways regulating the symbiotic interaction
Rouanet, Carine. „Investigation du mécanisme d'action du système de régulation impliquant PecS chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi“. Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Ghazouani Abdelnasser. „Étude biochimique et fonctionnelle de la protéine PerR de bacillus subtilis : un senseur bactérien du peroxyde d’hydrogène“. Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10225.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe PerR (Peroxyde resistance Regulator) metalloprotein is a transcription factor described as a H202 sensor in many micro-organisrns. The PerR protein from Bacillus subtilis, isolated in its apo form contains one Zn2+ ion per monomer. Under normal growth conditions, PerR is partially oxidised and inactive in terros of DNA binding. Mass spectrometry and EPR spectroscopy allowed us to connect the metal binding capacity ofPerR towards Fe2+ or Mn2+ and its oxidation state. A new expression protocol which leads to a fully reduced form of the protein has been established. It allows the reliable determination of the affmity of the protein for the regulatory metal and the DNA target. The apo-PerR-Zn form has been crystallized and the structure reveals that the Zn2+ ion is part of a structural site. The zinc atom is coordinated in a tetrahedral geometry by the four cysteine residues of the protein (Zn(Cys) 4)' This site locks the dirnerization domain and increases the dirner stability. The structural role of the zinc site has been confirmed by biochemical experiments which showed a poor reactivity toward H202. Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments indicated conformational changes of PerR during manganese incorporation and DNA binding. The formation of the DNA-PerR complex has been studied in more details. Two nucleotides and three amino acids have been shown to be crucial in this interaction. Finally, our work on the oxidized form of PerR showed that the 2-oxo-histidine modified residue is the biological marker ofPerR oxidation
Berkane, Emir. „Étude de l'interaction entre GpJ, une protéine du bactériophage Lambda et LamB, une protéine de la membrane externe des bactéries gram-négatives“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe bacteriophage lambda is a virus which infects bacteria carrying the LamB protein in their outer membrane. GpJ, a protein of the tail of the phage, is involved in the binding to LamB. The study of the interaction between gpJ expressed as fusion protein and LamB was performed in order to investigate the interaction between the bacteriophage Lambda and LamB. The interaction between the C-terminal extremity of gpJ and LamB was also demonstrated on planar lipid bilayer experiments, an electroph-ysiological technic, and on SDS-PAGE and immunodetection. Furthermore, the use of variants of LamB allowed to demontrate that the C-terminal fragment of gpJ does not bind to residues on the outer loops L4, L6 and L9 that are necessary for the interaction with the bacteriophage Lambda
Exley, Rachel Mary. „Etude des fonctions cellulaires de la protéine L24 de Bacillus subtilis : localisation et interaction avec les acides nucléiques“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe bacterial chromosome must be correctly organized and condensed so as to be contained within the cell whilst permitting vital cellular activities. The research interest of the 'Laboratoire du Chromosome Bactérien' is the identification of the factors that are implicated in the organization and the structure of the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis. Several nucleoid associated proteins have been identified in the laboratory, including HBsu, LrpC and L24. L24 of B. Subtilis is a DNA- and RNA- binding protein. This protein was purified from isolated nucleoid fractions and has many of the in vitro properties of nucleoid associated proteins. In addition, L24 is a ribosomal protein which, by analogy to L24 of E. Coli, binds to the 23S rRNA in ribosome assembly. The principal focus of this thesis has been to investigate the in vivo functions of the L24 protein of B. Subtilis, in particular to try to determine its role in chromosome organization during cell growth. A study of the localization of L24, using fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques, has shown that L24 localizes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleoid regions and thus appears to localize with its target molecules, DNA and 23S rRNA. In mid exponential phase, L24 is concentrated predominantly at the cell poles, in regions overlapping with the polar nucleoid regions and in stationary phase L24 is dispersed throughout the cell. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of L24 reveals that this protein contains no recognizable RNA or DNA binding motifs, however two putative domains called 'ribosomal domains' were revealed in the sequence of L24. Polypeptides corresponding to these domains were purified and their interactions with nucleic acids were analyzed. These experiments suggest that the N-terminal region of L24 mediates binding to DNA and RNA. The totality of results obtained support the idea that L24 has a role in the organization of nucleic acids in the bacterial cell
El, khoury Takla. „Recherche des substrats et des activateurs d'une nouvelle famille de protéine kinase bactérienne“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProtein kinases are responsible of protein phosphorylation, a post-translational modification and a very effective and almost instantaneous control of a multitude of cellular processes. They are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways in living organisms enabling their adaptation to environmental changes. In prokaryotes, the existence of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases was, for a long time, a subject of controversy. However, over the past two decades, many studies have shown that these types of phosphorylation (Ser/Thr/Tyr) do exist in bacteria and are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of biological processes. In addition to protein kinases related to eukaryotic enzymes, bacteria also have some specific protein kinases having no structural resemblance to their eukaryotic homologues which, if essential, made them a possible target for new antimicrobial agents. YdiB is a novel bacterial protein kinase from Bacillus subtilis. In situ localisation of YdiB has been studied by immunofluorescence which reveals its presence near the plasma membrane. The interaction of YdiB with the membrane phospholipids was assessed by flotation assay and surface plasmon resonance demonstrating the presence of a stable and strong interaction between the kinase and two phospholipids: phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, the affinity constant (KD) between YdiB and phosphatidylserine was found to be equal to 13.3 x 10-9 M. Moreover, these two phospholipids or just their charged headgroups were able to significantly induce the autophosphorylation of YdiB.On the other hand, the role of YdiB in the bacterial growth especially under oxidative stress was also studied in the wild-type strain and in ∆ydiB mutant. Under oxidative stress conditions, the deleted strain was unable to survive whereas a conditional complementation of ∆ydiB mutant was able to restore a normal growth profile for the bacterium. This reveals the important role played by YdiB in the bacterial resistance to oxidative stress. In addition, protein involved in the resistance to oxidative stress like Superoxide dismutase F (SodF) and superoxide dismutase A (Sod A) were tested as potential substrates for YdiB. Doing the trans-phosphorylation assay, we were able to prove that Sod B could be a potential substrate for YdiB thus explaining its involvement in the resistance to oxidative stress in Bacillus subtilis
Ronez, Florian. „Exploration fonctionnelle et valorisation industrielle de la protéine de choc thermique bactérienne Lo18“. Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe lactic acid bacteria Oenococcus oeni is part of the flora of interest in wine. It is responsible for malolactic fermentation. During its development in the wine, Oenococcus oeni is facing drastic physicochemical conditions (presence of ethanol, pH 3.5, low temperature, presence of sulfuric compounds). Its ability to adapt to these conditions makes of it a good model to study the response to multiple stress in lactic acid bacteria (Guzzo et al., 2000). One mechanism of resistance of O. oeni involves a Heat shock protein (Hsp) of low molecular weight or sHsp (small Heat shock protein) called Lo18.Lo18 protein has a chaperone activity ATP-independent. It is to say that its association with a protein during denaturation can protect the protein and prevent its aggregation. In addition Lo18 is able to bind with lipid bilayers and stabilize the lipidic structure.The sHsp are characterized by the presence of a region of about 90 amino acids, called α-crystallin, involved in molecular chaperone activity in vitro. In most cases, the N-and C-termini regions play an essential role in the oligomerization process that is necessary for the chaperone activity.In order to study the relationship between structure and function of Lo18, its activity and oligomerization were characterized at different pH. The results showed that the pH affects the oligomerization of Lo18 and also its molecular chaperone activity. Lo18 modified proteins in their α-crystallin region was also characterized. They have shown that a single amino acid substitution alters the activity of Lo18. Finally truncated forms of Lo18 in its two portions N-and C-termini were constructed, overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified by hydrophobic affinity chromatography.The ability of Lo18 to prevent aggregation of proteins and stabilize lipid membranes led us to test the impact of Lo18 for heterologous overproduction in Escherichia coli, and also in the formation of a curd milk rich in casein and fat.Overproduction of heterologous proteins in E. coli is widely used to produce large amounts of protein at low cost. However, this production is not easy because the accumulation of a protein in bacteria’s cell often leads to its aggregation and degradation. It appears necessary to develop systems to improve the solubility of proteins overproduced in E. coli. We therefore tested the potential of Lo18 in this system, and showed an increase in the solubility of proteins of interest coproduced with the sHsp Lo18 and / or the Hsp system GroEL / ES.Milk has four dominant components: water, fat, protein and lactose. In cheese technology, coagulation is a destabilization of the micellar state of the major proteins of milk: the caseins. Jellyfication phase is followed by a dripping phase called syneresis, which corresponds to the loss of part of the whey out of the gel.The properties of the sHsp Lo18 influenced the aggregation of the caseins in vitro. So we applied Lo18 on the curd milk model and detected possible industrial applications. In particular, we showed in laboratory an acceleration of the jellyfication phase, and an acceleration of the syneresis. In cheese model we have shown that Lo18 is able to reduce the humidity rate in cheeses
Escoubas, Jean-Michel. „Etude de l'élément transposable bactérien IS1 : mise en évidence de la protéine impliquée dans la réaction de transposition“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouet, Jean-Yves. „Caractérisation du gène ndd du bactériophage T4. Etude de l'effet de la protéine NDD sur le nucléoi͏̈de bactérien“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTian, Xudong. „Etude des undécaprényl-pyrophosphate phosphatases dans la biogenèse de l’enveloppe et la physiologie bactérienne“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS531.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe bacterial cell envelope is composed of many polysaccharides such as the peptidoglycan and the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are required for survival and are involved in the interactions that the bacteria establish with their surroundings, including antimicrobial resistance and host immune system recognition. The biosynthesis of these polymers requires the translocation of the sugar sub-units across the plasma membrane, which implies an essential lipid carrier, the undecaprenyl phosphate lipid (C55-P). This lipid is generated by the dephosphorylation of its precursor, C55-PP, itself arising from either de novo synthesis or recycling. The Escherichia coli bacterial species possesses four membrane proteins (BacA, YbjG, PgpB and LpxT) exhibiting a C55-PP phosphatase activity, which all contribute redundantly to C55-P recycling. To highlight the specific physiological role of these enzymes in the cell wall biogenesis, our work was focused on the characterization of the mechanism of action, the function and the regulation of two of these phosphatases, PgpG and LpxT.The PgpB activity was characterized both in vivo and in vitro to decipher its role and ability to participate in two essential metabolic pathways, the C55-P recycling and the phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis. We identified essential residues of PgpB involved in the hydrolysis of both natural substrates, C55-PP and PGP, and some others that function differently in the hydrolysis of these two lipids, allowing us to propose different reaction mechanisms for this enzyme. In addition, calorimetric data showed that substrate binding greatly stabilized the PgpB protein. Hypothetically, the underlying structural change would release energy allowing translocation of the lipid across the membrane. LpxT is responsible for a constitutive modification of the LPS by transferring the phosphate released from C55-PP to lipid A. Under certain environmental stresses, the LpxT activity is specifically inhibited by a small peptide (PmrR), thereby allowing other modifications of the lipid A structure to take place. We showed that the LpxT-dependent modification accounts for bile acids resistance in E. coli and is critically important for E. coli colonization in the host’s gut. LpxT constitutes a key critical control point in E. coli to resist different antimicrobial agents with opposite physical-chemical properties but which all target the LPS. In addition, we demonstrated that PmrR forms a stable complex with LpxT, but unexpectedly, this binding did not inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of the enzyme in vitro. We propose that PmrR inhibits LpxT activity in vivo by modulating its ability to interact with its protein partners that are involved in LPS biosynthesis. The biogenesis of cell wall polymers is essential for bacterial survival and structural changes in these components participate more or less specifically to the fitness and particular lifestyles of bacteria. The C55-PP phosphatases which participate actively in these processes therefore constitute interesting potential targets for new antibiotics design
Rioux, Jean-Baptiste. „Du génome à la protéine : caractérisation d'une nouvelle actin-like chez Magnetospirillum Magneticum AMB-1“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetotactic bacteria synthesise specialised organelles called magnetosomes. They are composed of a magnetic crystal surrounded by a lipid bilayer and specific proteins. Arranged in chains, they orient magnetotactic bacteria in the geomagnetic field, thereby simplifying their search for their microaerophilic environments. In each sequenced magnetotactic strain, the magnetotaxis genomic island contains the genes involved in magnetosomes formation. Our annotation of the newly sequenced genome of the magnetotactic strain QH-2 shows that the region coding the magnetotaxis genes is not a genomic island, though it has been acquired by lateral genes transfer. In the genome of M. magneticum AMB-1 we identified a new, small genomic island we termed the magnetotaxis islet, encoding 7 genes homologous to genes related to the magnetosomes synthesis. To assess the question of the biological function of this genomic islet, we further investigated the role of one of the seven genes, mamK-like. Filaments were observed in E. coli cells expressing MamK-like-Venus fusion by fluorescence microscopy. In vitro polymerization of both isoforms is comparable, though some differences are present at the structural level. In addition, we demonstrate that mamK-like is transcribed in AMB-1 wild-type and ΔmamK mutant cells. Immunolabelling assay using an anti-MamK antibody reveals the presence of a filament in the ΔmamK mutant. We hypothesise that this filament is due to MamK-like and that it helps maintaining a chain-like organisation of magnetosomes in the mutant strain
Lautier, Thomas. „Rôle de la protéine associée au nucléoïde Fis dans le contrôle de la virulence chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi“. Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleErwinia chrysanthemi is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes soft rot in plants and attacks a wide range of plant species, including many crops of economical importance. Efficient host colonisation requires a sequential action of various virulence factors. Some of these factors are required in the early steps of infection, whereas other factors act in later steps. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the role of the nucleoid associated protein Fis in the control of Erwinia chrysanthemi virulence. Fis protein is required for appropriate synthesis of various early and late virulence factors. The mechanism used by Fis is mainly direct. Moreover, a fis mutant is severely impaired in virulence. Together, these data indicate that Fis plays a pivotal role in the coordination of the synthesis of the main virulence factors of E. Chrysanthemi during pathogenesis
Tran, Thi-Nguyen-Ny. „Détection des bactéries anciennes à partir de la pulpe dentaire“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20662.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dental pulp has been demonstrated to be a suitable specimen on which to base paleomicrobiology studies. At the initiation of this Thesis work, we aimed to detect bacteria in the dental pulp extracted from contemporary and ancient mammals’ teeth. In mammals, the first task was the classification of species to which the teeth belong. In a first work, we have accomplished this task by two methods used in parallel: the molecular method based on cytochrome b gene sequencing and proteomic method by the dental pulp MALDI TOF mass spectrometry peptide profiling. The results of this work demonstrated that dental pulp is a source for studying both ancient DNA and ancient proteins. In a second work, following previous publications, we detected bacterial DNA from dental pulp of ancient human teeth using a multiplex high-throughput “suicide” PCR to detect seven pathogens (Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, Borrelia recurrentis, Bartonella quintana, Rickettsia prowazekii, Salmonella enterica Typhi and Poxvirus). We demonstrated the simultaneous presence of Y. pestis DNA and B. quintana DNA in dental pulp specimens collected from burials in Bondy, France dating 11th-15th and burials in Venice, Italy dating 14th-16th. This result may suggest the transmission of Y. pestis by the body louse, the known vector of B. quintana. Also, these results reinforce the large corpus of data produced by five different teams (Pusch et al., 2004 ; Cerutti et al., 2007 ; Bianucci et al., 2009 ; Haensch et al. 2010 ; Wiechmann et al. 2010) that the agent of the Black Death is Y. pestis. Our results herein contributed to the works in paleomicrobiology
Roger, Magali. „Etude biophysique, structurale et fonctionnelle d'une protéine à cuivre issue de la bactérie acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4717.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCopper proteins play key roles in many biological processes, such as in respiratory chains. Although many studies have been carried out to decipher the relationship between their active site structure, electronic properties and function, these features are still not fully understood. Previous studies on the respiratory chain of an acidophilic organism, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, have revealed the presence of a new copper-binding protein: AcoP. This cupredoxin is critical for the correct functioning of this respiratory pathway. Using site-directed mutagenesis and a wide-range of biophysical approaches, electrochemistry and X-ray crystallography, we can show that an unconventional copper-active site in AcoP might underlie its rare electronic and redox features. The function of such a protein in the respiratory chain of A. ferrooxidans has subsequently raised our curiosity. It was shown that AcoP interacts with cytochrome c and the cytochrome c oxidase. We showed that AcoP could act as a linker between the cytochrome c and the cytochrome c oxidase, by recruiting the former, and could also participate in the electron transfer between these two partners. This work shows how exploring biodiversity leads to the discovery of new systems that allow life in extreme environments, as well as of new proteins with remarkable features
Hanemian, Mathieu. „Rôle de la protéine CLV1 dans la sensibilité d'Arabidopsis thaliana à la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2754/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe molecular mechanisms associated to disease development caused by the phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum are poorly understood. Search for mutants altered in their response to the pathogen led to the identification of some susceptibility genes including targets of virulence factors as well as plant components required for pathogen fitness. The CLAVATA1 (CLV1) gene, extensively studied for its role in plant development, encodes a receptor-like kinase with a leucin-rich repeat extracellular domain. This protein plays indeed a key role in maintaining a pool of stem cell within the shoot apical meristem. The clv1 mutation leads to an increased resistance to R. Solanacearum, associated with a decrease of in planta bacterial growth. The aim of my PhD work was the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the increased resistance conferred by the clv1 mutation in using different approach (molecular, genetic and transcriptomic). We have been able to demonstrate the implication of the NF-YA transcription factor family, controlled by microRNA miR169, in the increased resistance of these mutants. These results demonstrate that the CLV1 protein is a required component for the establishment of the disease caused by R. Solanacearum. And illustrate the wide diversity of functions fulfilled by receptors kinases
Largillière, Justine. „Architecture moléculaire et dynamique de protéines histone-like de bactérie et d’archée“. Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHU is an essential bacterial protein that is involved in many functions related to DNA. It is present as three dimers in E.coli (two homodimers and one heterodimer). If the two homodimers are mixed in vitro, they exchange their chains to spontaneously form the heterodimer. My work was to characterize, structurally and kinetically, this exchange mechanism that can be described as a second order reaction of three successive steps : from a native conformation of each homodimer into an intermediate homodimer conformation (partially unfolded and dissociated), followed by the formation of a transient tetramer (limiting step) which finally dissociates into two heterodimers. The key residues allowing the protein to switch from the native to the intermediate state has been determined. Whereas, there are buried in the native conformation, they are forming a hydrophobic patch at the surface of the intermediate one. This patch could mediate the association of the intermediate conformation in order to form the tetramer.MC1 participates in the genome organization of several archaea and in DNA transcription and cellular division through unknown mechanisms. We discuss the solution structure of a complex formed by MC1 with a strongly distorted 15 base pairs DNA. While the protein just needs to adapt slightly its conformation, the DNA undergoes a dramatic curvature and an impressive torsion. Such a V-turn conformation of the complex lead us to propose a new binding mode for the protein as a wrapper and a structural model of MC1 with a longer DNA. XR diffraction and SAXS experiments were then carried out on this new complex. Unfortunately, the structure could not be solved due to the lack of diffraction data and the SAXS data invalidated the model. These results confirm that MC1 is an atypical protein, which stabilizes multiple V-turn conformations of the DNA in a flexible and dynamic manner
Samba, Louaka Ascel Régis. „Détermination de la voie de signalisation cellulaire eucaryote détournée par la protéine bactérienne Cif“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/614/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cycle inhibiting factor (Cif) belongs to a family of bacterial toxins, the cyclomodulins, that deregulate the host cell cycle. Upon injection into the host cell by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cif inhibits G2/M transition via sustained inhibition of the mitosis inducer CDK1. I show that Cif induces not only G2 but also G1 cell cycle arrest depending on the stage of cells in the cell cycle during the infection. Those arrests were associated with stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip1. CDKs complexes promote of the cell cycle transitions at both G1/S and G2/M. We recently demonstrated that functional Cif homologs are present in human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Burkholderia pseudomallei, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Photorhabdus asymbiotica and in symbiotic (for nematode) pathogenic (for insect) bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens. Those proteins, that share similar structures and catalytic sites, belong to the superfamily of enzymes including cystein proteases and acetyltransferases. Although the link between the activity and the cell cycle arrest remain to established, Cif proteins form a growing family of cyclomodulins that interact with very distinct hosts including insects, nematodes and humans. .
Debroas, Didier. „Activité protéolytique des bactéries du rumen : étude de l'hydrolyse des protéines des parois végétales“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL009N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMenacer, Youcef. „Mécanisme membranotrope de l'ovotransferrine sur membranes modèles de bactéries : impact du chauffage à sec de la protéine“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S144/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of antibacterial agents is very important, firstly, on the fight against bacterial infections, and secondly, to keep food products until its consumption. The loss of antibiotics effectiveness through the development of bacterial resistance and the toxicity of synthetic preservatives necessitates the development of new natural antibacterial products. Antibacterial proteins and peptides acting on the bacterial membranes appear as an alternative to limit the introduction of bacterial resistances. Ovotransferrin is an egg-white protein with membranotropic properties responsible among other things for its antibacterial activity. The aim of this thesis is to study the membranotropic mechanisms of ovotransferrin towards the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of E. coli using respectively monolayers of LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and phospholipids as experimental membrane models. Ovotransferrin has an insertion capacity in LPS monolayer that is dependent on protein concentration, monolayer compactness, and LPS molecule conformation. Ovotransferrin weakly adsorbs to the monolayer of phospholipids. Thus, the monolayers are disturbed by the disorganization of the lipids. Comparative analysis of dry-heated ovotransferrin with the native form showed conservation of secondary and tertiary structures with an increase of surface hydrophobicity and probably of flexibility and higher affinity to hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces (water/air). The insertion capacity in the LPS monolayer is amplified with greater affinity. Insertion capacity in the phospholipid monolayer is generated for the dry heated form associated with higher adsorption. Dry-heated ovotransferrin induces greater disruption of monolayers at lower protein concentrations
Groisillier, Agnès. „L'enzyme malolactique : étude moléculaire du gène et de la protéine, application à la phylogénie des bactéries lactiques“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR20695.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCelma, Louisa. „Mécanismes moléculaires de la transformation génétique naturelle chez la bactérie pathogène Helicobacter pylori“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the mucus of the human stomach. It is distinguished from other bacteria by a limited number of genes and many physiological and biochemical characteristics. It causes infections associated with various gastro-duodenal diseases (ulcers and gastric cancers). In recent years, an increase in multi-resistance to antibiotics has been observed. Natural transformation is one of the key processes that spreads these multi-resistances. It is a horizontal gene transfer mechanism that allows bacteria to adapt to their environment by internalizing exogenous DNA fragments through their membrane and then integrating them into the chromosome by homologous recombination. My work aimed to study in a structural and functional approach three proteins of H. pylori described as essential in the natural transformation process: NucT, DprA and ComFc. The first part of this work focused on periplasmic nuclease, NucT, which is supposed to be involved in transformation in H. pylori. However, the deletion of its gene has shown that it actually plays only a minor role in this process. The resolution of its 3D structure has led to a better understanding of its specificity for single-stranded nucleic acids. In the second part, the protein DprA, responsible for loading RecA recombinase onto internalized DNA, was studied. HpDprA is composed of only 2 of the 3 domains that usually constitute DprA, and binds both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA but only via its RF domain. Despite its structural homology with the WH DNA binding domain, the C-terminal domain of HpDprA has no affinity for DNA. We have identified conserved amino acids in this domain that could be studied to understand its role. Finally, a structural study of ComFc, whose deletion of the gene leads to the total disruption of the transformation capacity of H. pylori, has been carried out. The acquisition of its 3D structure has highlighted the presence of a phosphoribosyl transferase catalytic domain as well as a zinc finger domain. The latter could be responsible for capacity of ComFc to bind DNA. The natural substrate of this enzyme remains to be discovered.All this work has contributed to a better knowledge at the molecular level of the natural genetic transformation mechanism of H. pylori. Advancing this knowledge could in the long term help to reduce the spread of multiresistance through the development of new therapies.Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, natural transformation, NucT, DprA, ComFc, protein-DNA interaction
Nars, Guillaume. „Dynamique fonctionnelle des protéines : études d'une lipase et d'une protéine A de la membrane externe de bactérie“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30111/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the function of proteins and biological systems requires an accurate knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance provide a detailed description of these mechanisms, with an atomic resolution, by providing data on both structures and motions. We investigated two proteins, the lip2 lipase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and the membrane protein OmpA from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. We tried to produce lip2 with uniform and amino-acid specific stable isotope labelling on its functional loop (the lid) for NMR experiments. The homologous recombinant expression in Yarrowia lipolytica turned out to be the most efficient for uniform labelling but failed for specific labelling due to extensive isotope scrambling. We solved the structure of OmpA C-terminal domain by X-ray crystallography, and analyzed its dynamics in solution by NMR (15N relaxation techniques). We characterized its transmembrane N-terminal domain in proteoliposomes by solid state NMR: using state of the art ultra-fast MAS (60 kHz), 1H detection and a 1 GHz spectrometer, we could assign most ?-barrel resonances and establish a NH order parameter profile. In a complementary approach, we used proteolysis to reveal a unique trypsin cleavage site on the extracellular loop 3. Finally, a first characterization of the full-length protein expressed in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was initiated by solid state NMR on intact outer membranes
Lallemand, Mathilde. „Dissection des interactions entre les composants du système de sécrétion de type II chez la bacterie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya dadantii)“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665584.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNormand, Christophe. „Etude des interactions de la transposase de la séquence d'insertion bactérienne IS911 avec ses extrémités“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30145.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEstellon, Johan. „Développements méthodologiques pour l'identification in silico des métalloprotéines dans les protéomes bactériens : le cas des protéines à centre Fer-Soufre“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUp to 40% of all proteins are known to bind metals, the intrinsic metal atoms providing catalytic, regulatory and/or structural roles critical to their functions. These metalloproteins are ubiquitous and of major importance within the three domains of life. However, current methods dedicated to identifying members of this large family within bacterial proteomes are either not suitable for large-scale approach or are of relatively limited performance when no 3D structural template is available. Within this context, different sequence analysis tools relying on different category of protein descriptors (e.g. patterns, conserved domains, phylogenetic prints) were assessed. To overcome their relative lack of sensibility, new descriptors, specific towards iron-sulfur proteins identification were built: (i) co-conservation profiles of the metal ligands and (ii) tailored profile-HMMs for remote homologs detection. Their respective predictive power towards the identification of a manually curated iron-sulfur proteins dataset were assessed, either separately or in combination. All relevant descriptors were finally gathered into a generalized linear model by using the elastic-net method. The predictive model has been evaluated on Escherichia coli whole proteome resulting in a precision of 89% and a recall of 83%. Eventually, it has been applied to 300 proteomes allowing investigating different biological relationships, such as iron-sulfur proteins relative abundances and the oxygen dependency of bacterial organisms
Luciano, Jennifer. „Caractérisation d'une protéine à P-loop conservée, YvcJ, et étude de son implication dans la compétence chez B. Subtilis“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22083.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe phosphate binding loop (P-loop) or Walker motif A is commonly found in nucleotidebinding proteins, like NTPases and some kinases which are usually involved in essential cellular processes. The genes encoding for P-loop-containing proteins are abundantly present in prokaryote and eukaryote genomes but many of them remain of unknown function. In Bacillus subtilis, the gene yvcJ is encoding for a protein that contains a P-loop extremely conserved in N-terminal of its sequence and a Walker B motif that is mainly found in NTPases. This gene is conserved in more than one hundred bacteria and is most often associated with genes encoding for proteins involved in sugar transport and/or utilization. The objective of this thesis was to determine if YvcJ was actually a P-loop-containing protein and what is its cellular function. Firstly, we showed that YvcJ was able to bind nucleotides (ATP and GTP) and to hydrolyse them. Several site-directed mutants were generated and we showed that the enzymatic activity of YvcJ was mediated by the Walker A and B motifs. Secondly, phosphorylation assays of B. Subtilis crude extracts with radioactive ATP revealed the presence of a labelled band (~20 kDa) depending on the addition of the protein YvcJ. We observed that this phosphorylation signal was dependent on the growth conditions (medium and growth phase). All these observations suggested that physiological function of YvcJ could have a link with the adaptive responses of the end of the exponential growth phase, when nutrients become limiting. The radioactive band was mainly found in the membrane fraction but the cytoplasm and the membrane fraction were both necessary to obtain this signal. Unfortunately, due to the instability of the signal, it was not possible to isolate and identify it by traditional biochemical techniques. In order to determine its cellular function, we performed several physiological assays with an yvcJ mutant strain and showed that deletion of yvcJ results in 50-fold decreased competence ability. A transcriptomic analysis showed that expression of genes controlled by ComK, the main competence transcription regulator, was repressed in the yvcJ mutant strain. Furthermore, an overexpression of ComK suppressed the competence phenotype of the yvcJ mutant. We are now trying to identify the precise role of YvcJ in the regulatory pathways involved in competence development
Mhammedi, Alaoui Amina. „Caractérisation d'une protéase bactérienne impliquée dans le contrôle de la lyse-lysoénie du bactériophage Mu“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRossotti, Mélanie. „Etudes spectroscopiques d'une protéine périplasmique impliquée dans un nouveau mécanisme de résistance bactérienne au cuivre“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0576.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCopper is an essential microelement as it participates in many cellular processes but can also be a cytotoxic weapon if found in concentrations higher than the cellular needs. It is therefore necessary and vital for organisms to control its cellular concentration. CopI is a 15 kDa protein that was identified in a photosynthetic purple proteobacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus. This organism lacks the well-known copper resistance mechanism involving the copper oxidase CueO and the export system CusCFBA and therefore has developed a new resistance mechanism. It was shown that CopI is directly involved in this new mechanism. CopI is also found in human pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, which also lacks the classical resistance system, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has both systems. It has been shown that this protein belongs to the cupredoxin family and can bind up to three Cu(II) ions in: a cupredoxin site, a N-terminal site with square-planar geometry and a site assumed to be located in the highly conserved histidine/methionine rich region. The deletion of the cupredoxin or the His/Met site induces the loss of copper resistance in the bacterium while the deletion of the N-terminal site has no effect. However, the mechanism of action and the structure of the protein remain unknown. During my PhD, I studied the Cu(II) and Cu(I) binding on the native protein and different mutants and the possible electron transfers. My results suggest that CopI plays a role in the oxidation of periplasmic Cu(I). I have also worked on determining the structure of CopI in solution by NMR as well as studied the local geometry of the cupredoxin site by advanced EPR spectroscopy
Louesdon, Séverine. „Amélioration de la stabilité biologique de bactéries lactiques et bifidobactéries lyophilisées et caractérisation des réponses physiologiques associées“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndustrial starter’s production requires a stabilization step that affects the quality of the cells. This phenomenon is closely linked to the used species and strains, and depends on the procedures applied during the production process. In this context, this thesis aims at improving the performances of Lactobacillus buchneri R1102 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 during freeze-drying and storage, and to identify the corresponding physiological responses.In the first part of this work, the effect of the harvesting time on membrane characteristics and industrial performances of Lb. buchneri R1102 and B. longum R0175 has been analyzed. Harvesting the cells in stationary phase led to a better tolerance during freezing of B. longum R0175 but did not allow the maintenance of elevated acidification activity for Lb. buchneri R1102. These results have been related to a rigidification of the membrane and to an increase of the proportion of saturated and cyclic fatty acids in cellular membranes of cells recovered in stationary growth phase.In a second step, cells of Lb. buchneri R1102 have been submitted to different conditions of osmotic stress in order to improve their performances. An osmotic stress with 0.1 M KCl increased the cells survival during freeze-drying, without changing their membrane characteristics. In addition, adding 0.6 M KCl in the beginning of the fermentation improved the survival during storage on freeze-dried form. This phenomenon was explained by a rigidification of the membrane that was linked to an increase of cyclic fatty acids content and intracellular betaine concentration.The third part was devoted to the study of the effect of various gaseous atmospheres during the cultures, on the physiological state and the performances of Lb. buchneri R1102 and B. longum R0175. For Lb. buchneri R1102, aeration (air at 1.2 vvm) significantly accelerated the growth and the final cell concentration by increasing membrane fluidity and by directing metabolic flux towards acetate production. Conversely, adding nitrogen or the gas mixture N2H2 delayed the fermentations by decreasing redox potential. Lastly, injecting different gases (air, N2, N2H2) decreased acidification activity Lb. buchneri R1102 but increased its survival during storage, as a result of modifications of fatty acids composition and proteins synthesis. For B. longum R0175, a higher cell concentration was obtained when the culture medium was bubbled with N2 or N2CO2 at the beginning of the fermentation. In addition, acidification activity of these starters was well maintained for all tested conditions, which was linked to an increase of unsaturated and cyclic fatty acids proportion, but without any change in membrane fluidity. Lastly, a better cell survival was obtained for cells grown with N2CO2 all along the fermentation.Finally, this work is concluded finish with the validation, at pilot scale, of the conditions leading to an improvement of the biological stability of freeze-dried starters, while maintaining their performances during fermentation
Duong, Franck. „La protéase alcaline de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : modèle d'etude de la secrétion des protéines par la voie ABC-dépendante“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMalet, Julien. „Altération du protéome de la cellule hôte en réponse à l'infection par listeria monocytogenes“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC165/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for human listeriosis which invade and replicate in both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Listeria intracellular life cycle involves interference with host cell components. My PhD project aims to characterize host cell proteome modifications in cells infected by Listeria. I focused my research on host proteases activation and the degradation of host cell proteins in response to infection. A proteomic analysis performed on cells treated with purified Listeriolysin O (LLO), a pore forming toxin secreted by Listeria, identified more than 90 proteins degraded in response to the toxin. We validated the degradation of these proteins using both in vitro and in vivo models of Listeria infection. We anticipate that the degradation of these proteins can significantly impact the infection process through the modification of host cell physiology. In parallel, we identified that Listeria impairs lysosomal functions. We demonstrate that extracellular Listeria, via LLO secretion, alter lysosomal integrity in epithelial cells. LLO induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the release of lysosomal proteases in the host cytosol. The release of such proteases, which remain transiently active, may alter cellular physiology by degrading different cytosolic factors. Altogether, my results highlight how Listeria reshapes the host proteome by altering the activation or localization of host proteases and by inducing protein degradations. My data also establish that other bacterial toxins close to LLO also induce proteome modifications, thus unveiling that these mechanisms are shared among different class of bacterial pathogens
Bergé, Célia. „Étude biochimique et structurale de composants essentiels à la biogenèse du pilus du système de sécrétion de type IV de la bactérie Helicobacter pylori“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1336.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHelicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the human stomach in half of the world population. It is estimated that 20% and 3% of patients develop peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, respectively. For these reasons, H. pylori was identified as a group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1994. The most virulent strains of H. pylori carry a type IV secretion system (Cag-T4SS) responsible for the injection of the oncoprotein CagA into gastric epithelial cells. One remarkable feature of the cagT4SS is its external pilus which composition is not clear. CagL, CagH and CagI proteins are critical components of the Cag-T4SS because these proteins are necessary for CagA translocation and are involved in pilus formation. Moreover CagL forms a sub-assembly with CagI and CagH but the molecular details of the complex are still to be discovered. Our objective is to better understand the molecular basis of CagLIH complex by interaction and structural study. CagL interacts with CagI and CagH with a with Kds of 5 µM. CagI does not interact with CagH. The structural study of CagL/CagI complex has been investigated by a two-pronged approach. First I have purified the CagL/CagI complex and collected cyo-EM micrographs. In parallel I have collected NMR spectra of CagL in the presence of CagI and identify the changes in the spectra to determine the residues involved in the interaction. In this study we have, for the first time, characterize the CagL-CagI-CagH interactions and obtained structural informations of the CagI-CagL complex
Remigi, Philippe. „Évolution et fonction de la famille d'effecteurs de type III gala de la bactérie phytopathogène ralstonia solanacearum“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1585/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum possesses a large repertoire of type III effectors, among which a family of seven proteins called GALAs. GALAs are collectively required for the virulence of R. Solanacearum on different host plants. Interestingly, GALAs are homologous to plant F-box proteins which are involved in the eukaryotic ubiquitine-proteasome system. Thus GALAs could enable R. Solanacearum to manipulate the stability of some plant proteins during infection. Through this work, we demonstrated that the GALA family members underwent functional divergence during evolution. Integrating bioinformatics studies along with experimental data, we showed that GALA proteins display functional specificities and show differential requirement for pathogenicity on different hosts. This functional divergence likely contributed to the remarkable conservation of the GALA family among R. Solanacearum strains. We then analyzed more specifically the virulence function of GALA7 which had been shown to be a host specificity factor on Medicago truncatula. A structure-function analysis was initiated in order to identify the amino-acids which are required for GALA7 function during infection. Using transgenic plants expressing GALA7, we showed that this effector is probably an active E3-ubiquitine ligase enzyme within plant cells. Finally, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified several putative GALA interactors. Our work thus provides new insights into the selective forces driving the evolution of type III effectors and contributes to a better understanding of GALA functions during infection
Bleriot, Camille. „Rôle de la protéine RcnB dans l'homéostasie des métaux nickel, cobalt et cuivre chez la bactérie Escherichia coli“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614986.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle