Dissertationen zum Thema „Protéines liant les odorants“
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El, kazzy Marielle. „Etude fondamentale pour l'optimisation des performances d'un nez bioélectronique basé sur des protéines liant les odorants“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe detection of odorant molecules and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is the subject of growing demand in various fields such as food industry, perfumery, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and so on. Although accurate and reliable, the most commonly used methods - gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and panels of human noses or trained dogs- have a number of drawbacks, particularly in terms of cost and time. In response to these limitations, electronic noses (eNs) have emerged as promising tools for the analysis of VOCs. Inspired by the biological nose, these biomimetic devices generally consist of a set of cross-reactive chemical sensors combined with a pattern recognition system. Over the past three decades, eNs have demonstrated their great potential for VOC analysis in many areas. However, one of the main weaknesses of most existing eNs is their limited selectivity. In response to this problem, research efforts have multiplied over the last decade to explore the use of biological materials from the olfactory system as sensing materials in order to improve the performance of eNs. In this context, our team at the Molecular Systems and Nanomaterials for Energy and Health laboratory (SyMMES, UMR 5819), has conceptualized a bioelectronic nose using surface plasmon resonance imaging as a transduction technique and employing small peptides as sensing materials. This technology led to the creation of Aryballe, a company that has successfully miniaturized and commercialized the device. This thesis project is a part of the ANR project OBP-Optinose (ANR-18-CE42-0012), which aims to explore the potential of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) as novel sensing materials for the development of bioelectronic noses.During the thesis, we used a combination of wild-type and more selective OBPs, which were designed and genetically modified to have specific binding properties for target VOCs. Our experimental approach was to study various parameters that could have an impact on the performance of OBP-based biosensors for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase. First, a complete characterization of the OBP layers after immobilization on surface was carried out. The stability of the proteins in the gas phase was assessed, which is crucial to ensure their activity. The density and orientation of the OBPs were also studied since they may have impact on the sensitivity of the system. In addition, the impact of glycerol and humidity on the OBP layers was investigated. In particular, in-depth research into the hydration mechanism of the OBP layers was carried out, which enabled us to gain a better understanding of how humidity influences the reactivity of the biosensors. Finally, we demonstrated the good performance of OBP-based bioelectronic nose in the gas phase in terms of selectivity, stability, and repeatability
Derijard, Benoît. „Protéines liant le GTP chez la myxobactérie stigmatella aurantiaca“. Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoulie, Michael. „Recherche de nouvelles protéines humaines se liant à l'ADN méthylé“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660690.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoulie, Michaël. „Recherche de nouvelles protéines humaines se liant à l'ADN méthylé“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112157/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEpigenetic phenomena are key contributors to the function of eukaryotic genomes. These processes act on chromatin, and they are used to render the genome dynamic, but also stable throughout successive rounds of cell division. Among epigenetic processes, DNA methylation is especially well known for its role in the regulation of gene expression.In mammals, DNA methylation is strongly correlated with transcriptional repression, and fulfills at least three essential roles. First, it maintains repeated sequences transcriptionally silenced, thus ensuring the stability of the genome. Second, it is responsible for the proper regulation of parentally imprinted genes, which are crucial regulators of embryonic development and adult life. Finally, DNA methylation ensures that some tissue-specific genes are kept inactive in the organs in which they should be repressed. Besides these roles in the physiology of normal cells, DNA methylation has strong links to cancer. Indeed the pattern of DNA methylation on the genome is frequently altered in cancer cells, and these anomalies contribute to transformation by several mechanisms.DNA methylation does not control transcription directly, but instead acts via a set of dedicated proteins that specifically recognize methylated DNA and repress transcription by acting at the chromatin level. At present, three families of such proteins, totalling 9 members altogether, are known in humans. However, several lines of evidence suggest that the list is not exhaustive, and that other human proteins that bind methylated DNA remain to be found. This was the goal of the current project.To this end, we opted for two distinct types approaches, an approach based on literature and a genetic approach. The study of candidate proteins does not allow us to identify new methylated DNA binding proteins and the genetic approach by phage display revealed two proteins of interest, HMGB1 and CHD3 that must now be validated by in vivo and in vitro approaches.Furthermore, we studied the regulation of DNA repeats by Zbtb4 in mice. Preliminary results show a regulation of minor satellites by Zbtb4. The role of this regulation will be analyse further in the future
Guiraudie, Gaëlle. „Caractérisation de protéines liant des composés à effet apaisant chez le porc“. Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCristiani, Giulia. „Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de la capture des odorants chez l'être humain : comparaison des interactions biochimiques entre odorants et variants de protéines de liaison aux odeurs“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe function of Odorant Binding Protein located in the mammal nasal mucus is stinn unknown They belong to the lipocalin structural superfamily. The aim of this work was to investigate the odorant binding specificity of human OBP, to determine whether they take into account the diversity of perceived odorant molecules, and whether these very homologous proteins (hOBP-2A, -2AB and -2B) are involved in human odorant discrimination. Binding affinity of hOBP-2B and -2AB for different odorants were be compared to the already known properties of hOBP-2A. Recombinant proteins were produced by the heterologous expression systems : Pichia pastoris and purified by anion exchange chromatography purification, thoroughly characterised proteins were submitted to functional studies. Binding of odorants was measured by displacement of a hydrophobic fluorescent probe. Results obtained for hOBP-2B and -2AB were compared to those already published for -2A with the same odorant panel. As for hOBP-2A, measured affinities were in the micromolar range and OBPs showed a strong affinity for aldehydes and long chain fatty acids, exhibiting some differences from one OBP to another. Their 3D structures were modelled by homology with the human tear lipocalin in order to interpret the binding data. HOBP-2B revealed a structural difference, in correlation with the functional data. This work revealed that the slighlty different ligand binding spectrum of the 3 human OBP does not represent the large odorant diversity, suggesting that OBP do not have a major function in odorant discrimination in the human species. Nevertheless, OBP complexed with odorant might have a function in odorant receptor activation
Parmentier, Marc. „Etude de deux protéines neuronales liant le calcium: la calbindine D28k et la calrétinine“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleColote, Soudhir A. „Approche des relations structure-fonction de protéines se liant à l'actine par la méthode de génie génétique“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMillet, Isabelle. „Récepteurs pour les IgA et propriétés biologiques des facteurs liant les IgA : iga-bf“. Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhichith, Denis. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un heptapeptide cyclique inhibiteur d'activités β-lactamases et de protéines liant la pénicilline“. Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1575.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle9G4H9, a catalytic antibody displaying β-lactamase-Iike activity, has been elicited by the anti-idiotypic approach using β-Iactamase as first antigen. We proposed an active site model for antibody 9G4H9 in which we find residues arginine 24, serine 26, lysine 27, serine 28 and glutamic acid 98 that could be involved in β-Iactamase activity. We showed that ail the residues are involved in catalysis except residue lysine 27. Ln the second part of the work, antibody 9G4H9 was used as target to screen β-Iactamase activity inhibitor among cyclic heptapeptide bank displayed on bacteriophage M13. One of the phage-displayed peptide (pep90) issued from the selection procedures was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the β-Iactamase activity of the anti-idiotypic antibody, with a Ki = 38uM. We showed that Pep90 interact with several class of penicillin-binding protein, thus opening routes to the design of antibiotic-like molecules
Jacquet, Eric. „Relations structure-fonction du domaine d'ef-tu liant les nucleotides guanyliques : mutation de la val20, residu homologue a la position 12 de la p21“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGueydan, Cyril. „Caractérisation et clonage de protéines liant la séquence régulatrice de la traduction du messager du TNF“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBorsu, Laetitia. „Découverte du gène AROM, "Antisense RNA Overlapping MCH gene" : caractérisation d'une nouvelle famille de protéines liant les acides nucléiques“. Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarou, Emilie. „De l'ingénierie de protéines de liaison aux odorants à la détection électrochimique de molécules volatiles : vers la conception de biocapteurs et nez électroniques“. Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe detection of odorant molecules has become an important challenge in different research area, such as the food industry, medical diagnostics and homeland security. Indeed, the thousands of odorants in our environment provide information on their chemical nature or their concentration. Human olfactory system is capable of discriminating thousands of different molecules thanks to biochemical mechanisms involving multiple protein receptor partners and a combinatorial coding. These biomolecules that include olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBP) represent an interesting source of detectors for the design of biosensors. OBPs are small soluble proteins present in nasal mucus at millimolar concentrations. Their hydrophobic binding pocket gives them the ability to reversibly bind odorant molecules. OBPs are robust and easy to produce and are thus good candidates for the design of biosensors. In this work, we focused on the detection of odorant molecules associating OBPs as a bioreceptor and electrochemistry as a transduction method. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that by substituting a single amino acid in the binding pocket of two rat OBPs (rOBP2 and rOBP3), it is possible to modulate their binding affinities towards odorants. In parallel, we described a qualitative and quantitative method for the detection of volatile molecules using OBPs. We have shown that rOBP3 binds 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (MNQ), an electrochemical probe. The amount of MNQ displaced from the binding pocket of rOBP3 by the model odorant 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), was measured using square-wave voltammetry. We determined the dissociation constants of the rOBP3 / MNQ and rOBP3 / IBMP complexes. These values measured by electrochemistry were confirmed by a competitive fluorescent assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. By combining this new analytical method to rOBP3 variants with different and complementary binding profiles, we were able to selectively detect each of the components of a ternary mixture of odorants. This work, that combines the engineering of OBPs and electrochemistry, offers us interesting perspectives in the field of electronic noses
Roussel-Gervais, Audrey. „La protéine liant l'ADN méthylé ZBTB4 localise aux péri-centromères et contrôle la réponse au point de contrôle mitotique“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC137.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZBTB4 is a mammalian transcription factor with Zinc fingers and a BTB/POZ domains, which can bind methylated CpGs, as well as certain unmethylated consensus sequences. ZBTB4 is frequently downregulated in human cancers, for reasons that are unclear. To address the potential role of ZBTB4 we depleted it from human cells in culture, this led to heightened chromosome missegregation, as evidenced by increases in lagging chromosomes, micronuclei, and binucleation. We could detect a defect in the mitotic checkpoint, which was weakened in cells lacking ZBTB4, maybe as a direct consequence of decreased checkpoint protein abundance. To validate our findings in a more physiological setting, we generated mice. Primary Zbtb4⁻/⁻cells show the satine signs of genome instability seen in human cells in culture. The Zbtb4⁻/⁻ animals are viable and fertile, but smaller than their littermates and with reduced organ size. In addition, we report that mice lacking ZBTB4 are more susceptible to DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis. Our results show that the epigenetic regulator ZBTB4 is essential for genome stability in mammals. Its loss in cancer cells may be under positive selection because it promotes faster genome evolution in the tumour cells
Bearzatto, Bertrand. „Etude du rôle des protéines liant le calcium dans la physiologie cérébelleuse: modification sélective de leur expression dans le cervelet par transgénèse“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210992.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoisot, Emilie. „Recrutement des complexes des groupes Polycomb et trithorax sur la chromatine : Dissection fonctionnelle des complexes liant les séquences d(GA)n des éléments de mémoire épigénétique“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt least three important mechanisms are known to maintain gene expression patterns: the chromatine state, the epigenetic modifications due to the Polycomb ( PcG) and Trithorax ( TrxG ) groups proteins, and non coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The PcG and trxG genes maintain cell identity through epigenetic modifications of chromatin, thereby maintaining a predefined transcriptional state that establishes "cell memory". Three proteins, i. E. Batman (BAN), Trithorax-like (GAF) and Pipsqueak (PSQ) are components of a DNA-binding cell memory complex. The first goal of my thesis was to refine the description of complexes containing BAN, GAF and PSQ bound to their targets. I showed the existence of several complexes, suggesting a combinatory composition of these complexes depending on the target. Using dsRNA-driven extinction of each of the three proteins, I determined the hierarchy of their recruitment. The extension of this approach to other PcG and trxG proteins lead us to propose a new model for the recruitment of several of the memory complexes. I also studied the link between heterochromatin formation and ncRNAs. By using mutants affecting pathways of ncRNAs production, I showed that they participate in the localization of the heterochromatin protein HP1 on polytene chromosomes and thus in the formation of heterochromatin. All these studies allowed us to characterize the complexity of relations between BAN, GAF and PSQ and to define their respective contribution in the differential recruitment of PcG or TrxG complexes, but also to contribute to establishing the link between the ncRNAs and heterochromatin
Arbeloa, del Moral Ana. „Spécificité de substrat et partenaires des D,D-transpeptidases intervenant dans la polymérisation du peptidoglycane et la résistance aux bêta-lactamines chez Enterococcus faecalis“. Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrimau, Fanny. „Rôle des odorants-binding protein dans le mécanisme de transduction olfactive : implication de modifications post-traductionnelles dynamiques dans la spécificité de liaison avec les ligands“. Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOBPs are small soluble proteins that bind with odorant molecules and pheromones. The role of OBP is not completely understood. A hypothesis suggests that OBP solubilize and transport the ligands to olfactory receptors and the binding between odorant molecule and OBP is unspecific. An other hypothesis suggest that the complex formed is the specific binding between a given odorant molecule and a specific OBP. This work of thesis show that OBP are involved in the first step of odorant discrimination. Initially, we have showed the involvement of the Phe35 and Tyr 82 in the uptake of ligands by OBP. Second, we have given rise to the presence of various isoform of OBP and VEG that differ by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and GlcNAcylation) both on natives proteins extract of respiratory mucosa and on recombinants proteins produce by P. pastoris and CHO. These isoforms are able to discriminate of odorant molecules and pheromones. OBPs are not passives carriers because they ensure a fine coding of odorant molecules and pheromones before interaction of this complex with specific receptor
Lefrère, Valérie. „La protéine se liant au poly(A) des ARNm (PABP) de Drosophile : structure du gène et expression au cours du développement“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHégarat, Nadia. „Purification par affinité de complexes natifs multiprotéiques liant les acides nucléiques : exemples d'un répresseur de la transcription et de protéines impliquées dans la réparation de l'ADN“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSanterre, Maryline. „Étude de l'action sur l'épissage de protéines nucléaires se liant à la région de l'ARN du virus VIH-1 contenant le site d'épissage A7 et role de ces protéines sur d'autres sites accepteurs d'épissage de VIH-1“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10115/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHIV-1 pre-mRNA splicing depends upon 4 donor and 8 acceptor sites, which are used in combination to produce more than 40 different mRNAs. To further characterize nuclear factors involved in these processes, we purified RNP complexes formed by incubation of SLS2-A7 transcripts in HeLa cell nuclear extracts by affinity chromatography to identify new associated proteins. We showed that, in addition to the well known hnRNP A1 inhibitor of site A7, nucleolin, hnRNP H and hnRNP K interact directly with SLS2-A7 RNA. We demonstrated that hnRNP K has multiple binding sites in the vicinity of site A7 and that binds cooperatively to hnRNP A1 to the A7 RNA region and limits the A7 utilization in vitro. As hnRNP A1 is a negative regulator of several HIV-1 splicing sites (A1, A2, A3), we tested whether hnRNP K may also reinforce hnRNP A1 inhibition at these sites. Surprisingly, hnRNP K activated in vitro splicing of the D1-A1, D1-A2 and D1-A3 introns. Interestingly, hnRNP K was found to reinforce strongly the ASF/SF2 activity at site A2, which indicates that depending on the splicing site hnRNP K can be a splicing activator or inhibitor. To test how hnRNP K influences the relative utilization of HIV-1 splicing sites in cellulo, we used plasmid p PSP containing all the HIV-1 splicing sites and tested the effect of over-expression in HeLa cells on alternative splicing of the PSP RNA. Doubling the amount of hnRNP K in HeLa cells led to a drastic change of the PSP RNA alternative splicing, which confirms the strong influence of hnRNP K on alternative splicing. Moreover, increase of cellular concentration of hnRNP K strongly decrease the viral Nef protein production. hnRNP K protein affects A7 splicing regulation but also regulates the majority of regulated splicing sites of HIV. By extension of the study of hnRNP K effect to other HIV-1 splicing sites, we discovered that hnRNP K is a general regulator of HIV-1 splicing
Dupré, Denis J. „Récepteur liant le facteur activateur de plaquettes étude de la désensibilisation à long terme par un agoniste ou un agoniste inverse“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4187.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntignac, Aude. „Analyse des souches de Neisseria meningitidis de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline G“. Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCao-Lormeau, Van-Mai. „Virus de la dengue et moustiques vecteurs : protéines se liant au virus de la dengue dans les extraits de cellules cibles et des glandes salivaires de moustiques vecteurs“. Polynésie française, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POLF0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDengue virus (DENV) dissemination into mosquito tissues and virus transmission to the human host through vector saliva are key events of DENV transmission cycle. In order to bring new elements for the identification of the molecules involved in DENV dissemination into mosquito tissues, we investigated the presence of DENV-binding proteins in extracts from either Ae. Albopictus C6/36 cells or Ae. Aegypti and Ae. Polynesiensis salivary glands (SGE). This study pave the way for the identification of receptors or coreceptors for DENV, those might be targets for transmission blocking strategies. SGE not only contain salivary gland tissue-stemmed proteins but also salivary proteins, therefore “DENV/salivary protein” complexes might have been detected in our study. By enabling a list of already characterized Ae. Aegypti salivary proteins, we suggest some tracks for the identification of such complexes; those might contain new conformational DENV-neutralizing epitopes
Stuhl-Gourmand, Laetitia. „Role de Naca et de ses partenaires moléculaires dans la différenciation érythroïde normale et pathologique des syndromes myélodysplasiques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20661/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe erythropoiesis is a complex process that leads to the formation of 100 billion red cells per day. It is finely regulated to adjust the production of red blood cells according to oxygen needs of peripheral tissues. To understand the complex processes involve in the regulation of erythropoiesis, it requires the study of molecular actors such as the NACA protein (the alpha chain of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex), highlighted as a positive regulator of erythroid human differentiation. We have identified ERGIC-53 as a novel interactor of NACA. ERGIC-53 is a lectin mannose-specific membrane involved in the transport of glycoproteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to the ERGIC compartment (Golgi Endoplasmic Reticulum Compartment Intermediate). We have shown that ERGIC-53 and NACA are involved in the regulation of trafficking of EPO-R. NACA may be also a negative regulator of apoptosis mediated by FADD. We investigated the role of NACA in early stages of myelodysplastic syndromes (ES-MDS) which have ineffective erythropoiesis due to apoptosis of erythroid progenitors. We have demonstrated that transduction of NACA in CD34 + progenitor cells from ES-MDS restores erythroid differentiation and increased survival of erythroid progenitors. Moreover, this study suggests that the level of mRNA NACA may be a new predictive marker of response to rhEPO treatment. In conclusion, our work highlighted that a molecule of the cellular machinery is involved in erythroid differentiation of both normal and ES-MDS CD34+ cells
Naville, Danielle. „Purification et caractérisation partielles d'une protéine liant IGF1 et appartenant au complexe de 145K circulant dans le plasma humain : étude de son activité biologique sur les cellules de Leydig de porc immature en culture en présence de IGF1“. Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBillard, Lise-Marie. „Expression des gènes codant les protéines liant l'ADN méthylé (MBD) dans les cancers du sein : implication des MBD dans la répression transcriptionnelle de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs BRCA1 et CDX1“. Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAssrir, Nadine. „Analyse des intéractions moléculaires entre deux protéines liant des histones, HIRA et HIRIP3 (HIRA-interacting protein 3) et leur partenaires respectifs, la protéine chaperon d'histones Asf1 et la sérine-thréonine kinase CK2“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11T048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoyaux, Daphné. „Contribution à l'étude de l'expression des protéines de la famille S100 liant le calmcium dans le cerveau murin et humain au cours de processus neurodégénératifs: les Corps Amylacés et la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211378.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCamborde, Laurent. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle de différents effecteurs candidats de l'oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, parasite racinaire des légumineuses“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30227.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOomycetes are eukaryote pathogens able to infect plants and animals. During host interaction, oomycetes secrete various molecules, named effectors, to counteract plant defence and modulate plant immunity. Crinklers (CRNs) and RxLR proteins represent the two main classes of cytoplasmic effectors described in oomycetes to date. Most of these effectors have not been yet characterized. In the root rot pathogen of legumes Aphanomyces euteiches, only the CRNs are present. Based on a previous study reported by our research group, we published an opinion paper focused on the emergence of DNA damaging effectors and their role during infection. Previous experiments indicated that one of these Crinklers, AeCRN5, harboured a functional translocation domain and dramatically disturbed root development. Here we reveal that AeCRN5 binds to RNA and interferes with biogenesis of various small RNAs, implicated in defence mechanisms or plant development. Additionally, comparative genetic analyses revealed a new class of putative effectors specific to Aphanomyces euteiches, composed by a large repertoire of small-secreted protein coding genes (SSP). Preliminary results on these SSPs point out that AeSSP1256 enhances host susceptibility. Functional characterisation of AeSSP1256 evidenced that this effector binds to RNA, relocalizes a plant RNA helicase and interferes with its activity, causing stress on plant ribosome biogenesis. This work highlights that various effector target nucleic acids and reveals that two effectors from distinct family are able to interact with plant RNA in order to interfere with RNA related defence mechanisms and plant development to promote pathogen infection
Philippe, Jules. „Pneumococcus morphogenesis and resistance to beta-lactams“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStreptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is a bacterial pathogen that causes more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the world. β-Lactams are widely used to treat patients with pneumococcal infections. These antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan, a giant molecule constituting a mesh of aminosugar strands encasing the cell. This main constituent of the cell wall allows cells to maintain their integrity under the turgor pressure, and endows bacteria with their shape. The action of β-lactams is well understood from a biochemical point of view. However, a complete understanding of the physiological response of treated bacteria remains elusive. In this thesis, I investigated the molecular mechanisms of the morphogenesis of S. pneumoniae using methods of biochemistry and microbiology. A morphogenesis model is built based on my results and the literature, which permits to emit hypotheses concerning the response of the pneumococcus to β-lactams
Palud, Amandine. „Liquid-liquid phase separation mediated by low complexity sequence domains promotes stress granule assembly and drives pathological fibrillization“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066560/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStress granules are membrane-less organelles composed of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA. Functional impairment of stress granules has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inclusion body myopathy, Paget’s disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia; these diseases are characterized by solid, fibrillar, cytoplasmic inclusions that are rich in RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Genetic evidence suggests a link between persistent stress granules and the accumulation of pathological inclusions. In this thesis manuscript, I demonstrate that the disease-related RBP hnRNPA1 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into protein-rich droplets mediated by a low complexity sequence domain (LCD). While the LCD of hnRNPA1 is sufficient to mediate LLPS, the folded RNA recognition motifs contribute to LLPS in the presence of RNA, potentially giving rise to several mechanisms for regulating assembly of stress granules. Importantly, while not required for LLPS, fibrillization is enhanced in protein-rich droplets. I suggest that LCD-mediated LLPS contributes to the assembly of stress granules and their liquid properties, and provides a mechanistic link between persistent stress granules and fibrillar protein pathology in disease
Cambuli, Francesca Maria. „Study of Musashi1-Expressing cells and of Musashi1 function in mouse intestinal physiopathology“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0794.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of cells surrounding the intestinal lumen. It consists of a differentiated compartment, the villi in the small intestine and a flat surface in the colon, and a proliferative compartment, the crypts of Lieberkühn. This tissue self-renews rapidly and continuously throughout life, due to the presence of adult stem cells in the bottom of the crypts. These cells are capable of self-renewing and give rise to proliferating progenitors (capable of generating all the different epithelial cytotypes) that differentiate and migrate toward the differentiated compartment. My thesis focused on the study of the intestinal epithelial stem cells marker Musashi1 (Msi1).In this context, the first part of my thesis work focused on the isolation and characterization of the intestinal epithelial stem cells that express Msi1 in the mouse. For this, we generated transgenic mice expressing the fluorescent protein GFP under the control of the promoter of Msi1. The intestinal stem cells of these mice co-express Msi1 and GFP. This model has been validated and allowed us to isolate GFP+/Msi-expressing cells in the intestine. By using different cellular and molecular approches, we confirmed their nature of stem cells and provided new data on the composition of the proliferative zone in the murine intestinal epithelium.The second part of my thesis has focused on the study of the function of Msi1 in the intestinal epithelium homeostasis in the mouse, by its over- and ectopic expression all along the epithelium. We have shown that the over-expression of this protein, which is a regulator of the Wnt and Notch pathways, perturbs the intestinal architecture, has pro-proliferative properties and tumorigenic potential
Richard, Audrey. „Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus NS1 protein : identifying and characterizing new transcriptional and posttranslational regulatory elements“. Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00826936.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoussel, Céline. „Etude du rôle des chélateurs calciques sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire neuronal: approche expérimentale et théorique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210854.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAu niveau théorique, nous avons élaboré un modèle mathématique de l’activité électrique du grain cérébelleux, prenant en compte la chélation du calcium intracellulaire. Il permet de clarifier le rôle de la chélation du calcium intracellulaire sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire. La modélisation de l’activité électrique du grain cérébelleux repose sur le formalisme développé par Hodgkin et Huxley pour l’axone géant de calmar. Dans ce contexte, l’application de la conservation de la charge au circuit équivalent de la membrane cellulaire fournit un système d’équations différentielles ordinaires, non linéaires. Dès lors, notre modèle nous a permis d’étudier l’impact des variations de la concentration de chélateur calcique sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire. Nous avons ainsi pu constater qu’une diminution de la concentration en chélateur calcique induisait une augmentation de l’excitabilité électrique du grain cérébelleux, sans altérer le régime d’oscillations. Par contre, en augmentant fortement la concentration en chélateur calcique, nous avons montré que le grain cérébelleux changeait de dynamique oscillatoire, montrant des transitions d’un mode de décharge périodique régulier vers des oscillations en salve du potentiel membranaire.
Au niveau expérimental, nous avons vérifié les résultats prévus par le modèle théorique. Nous avons ainsi montré que des grains de souris transgéniques déficientes en calrétinine présentaient une excitabilité électrique accrue par rapport aux grains contrôles.
Puis, en restaurant un niveau de chélation calcique normal dans ces grains, par perfusion intracellulaire de chélateur calcique, nous montrons qu’ils retrouvent un niveau d’excitabilité normal. Ensuite, nous avons introduit dans des grains cérébelleux de souris sauvages, une forte concentration en chélateur calcique exogène. Conformément aux résultats théoriques, nous avons pu observer des transitions vers des oscillations en salve du potentiel membranaire. Enfin, nous avons montré que l’absence de calrétinine affecte les paramètres morphologiques du grain cérébelleux des souris transgéniques déficientes en calrétinine.
En conclusion, ces résultats suggèrent que le mode de décharge des cellules excitables peut être modulé d’une façon importante par les protéines liant le calcium. De ce fait, des changements dans le niveau d’expression et/ou dans la localisation subcellulaire des protéines liant le calcium pourraient aussi jouer un rôle critique dans la régulation de processus physiologiques contrôlés par l’excitabilité membranaire. De plus, les mécanismes que nous avons mis en évidence pourraient être à l’origine d’un nouveau principe de régulation de la signalisation dans les circuits neuronaux et pourraient jouer un rôle fonctionnel dans le contrôle du codage de l’information et de son stockage dans le système nerveux central.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Le, Treut Guillaume. „Models of chromosome architecture and connection with the regulation of genetic expression“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS411/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncreasing evidences suggest that chromosome folding and genetic expression are intimately connected. For example, the co-expression of a large number of genes can benefit from their spatial co-localization in the cellular space. Furthermore, functional structures can result from the particular folding of the chromosome. These can be rather compact bundle-like aggregates that prevent the access to DNA, or in contrast, open coil configurations with several (presumably) globular clusters like transcription factories. Such phenomena have in common to result from the binding of divalent proteins that can bridge regions sometimes far away on the DNA sequence. The physical system consisting of the chromosome interacting with divalent proteins can be very complex. As such, most of the mechanisms responsible for chromosome folding and for the formation of functional structures have remained elusive.Using methods from statistical physics, we investigated models of chromosome architecture. A common denominator of our approach has been to represent the chromosome as a polymer with bending rigidity and consider its interaction with a solution of DNA-binding proteins. Structures entailed by the binding of such proteins were then characterized at the thermodynamical equilibrium. Furthermore, we complemented theoretical results with Brownian dynamics simulations, allowing to reproduce more of the biological complexity.The main contributions of this thesis have been: (i) to provide a model for the existence of transcrip- tion factories characterized in vivo with fluorescence microscopy; (ii) to propose a physical basis for a conjectured regulatory mechanism of the transcription involving the formation of DNA hairpin loops by the H-NS protein as characterized with atomic-force microscopy experiments; (iii) to propose a physical model of the chromosome that reproduces contacts measured in chromosome conformation capture (CCC) experiments. Consequences on the regulation of transcription are discussed in each of these studies
Rodrigue, Jacques. „Synthèse de glycomimétiques sélectifs aux protéines se liant aux β-D-galactopyranosides“. Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3717/1/M11651.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHecheima, Michel. „Identification et caractérisation moléculaire des protéines liant l'ARN lors de l'acclimatation au froid chez le blé (Triticum Aestivum L.)“. Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1650/1/M9180.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWei, Chih-Chang. „Clonage et caractérisation des protéines liant l'élément de réponse à l'insuline (IREBP) du gène de l'angiotensinogène chez le rat“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15428.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLefebvre, Jasmine. „Isolement de protéines liant les phospholipides à partir de tissus et du sérum bovins : évidences pour l'implication dans le transport inverse du cholestérol“. Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14784.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiols, Mathilde. „Étude de l'effet d'un antagoniste se liant au récepteur à la PTHRP (PTH1R) sur les niveaux d'expression d'ARNm de protéines intervenant dans le transport de calcium via le placenta humain“. Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1358/1/M10444.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuric, Luc. „Identification des ARNm liés par les protéines Staufen de mammifères et caractérisation des déterminants structuraux à la base de l'interaction“. Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15238.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCappadocia, Laurent. „Étude structurale du mode de liaison des protéines Whirly de plantes à l’ADN monocaténaire“. Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4957.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants must protect the integrity of three genomes located respectively in the nucleus, the chloroplasts and the mitochondria. Although DNA repair mechanisms in the nucleus are the subject of multiple studies, little attention has been paid to DNA repair mechanisms in chloroplasts and mitochondria. This is unfortunate since mutations in the chloroplast or the mitochondrial genome can lead to altered plant growth and development. Our laboratory has identified a new family of proteins, the Whirlies, whose members are located in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. These proteins form tetramers that bind single-stranded DNA and play various roles associated with DNA metabolism. In Arabidopsis, two Whirly proteins maintain chloroplast genome stability. Whether or not these proteins are involved in DNA repair has so far not been investigated. Our studies in Arabidopsis demonstrate that DNA double-strand breaks are repaired in both mitochondria and chloroplasts through a microhomology-mediated repair pathway and indicate that Whirly proteins affect this pathway. In particular, the role of Whirly proteins would be to promote accurate repair of organelle DNA by preventing the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the microhomology-dependant pathway. To understand how Whirly proteins mediate this function, we solved the crystal structure of Whirly-DNA complexes. These structures show that Whirly proteins bind single-stranded DNA with low sequence specificity. The DNA is maintained in an extended conformation between the β-sheets of adjacent protomers, thus preventing spurious annealing with a complementary strand. In turn, this prevents formation of DNA rearrangements and favors accurate DNA repair. We also show that upon binding long ssDNA sequences, Whirly proteins assemble into higher order structures, or hexamers of tetramers, thus forming spherical particles of twelve nanometers in diameter. We also demonstrate that a lysine residue conserved among plant Whirly proteins is important for the stability of these higher order structures as well as for cooperative binding to DNA and for DNA repair. Overall, our study elucidates some of the mechanisms of DNA repair in plant organelles as well as the roles of Whirly proteins in this process.