Dissertationen zum Thema „Protéines – Adsorption“
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Marichal, Laurent. „Interactions protéines-nanoparticules : émergence de nouveaux facteurs déterminant la formation de la couronne de protéines“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS100/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanoparticles are ubiquitous in our environment and their presence inside our bodies is now established. Besides, in a biological medium, nanoparticles are spontaneously covered by proteins that form the so-called protein corona. Depending on the corona composition, a nanoparticle will possess a specific "biological identity" conditioning its biodistribution as well as its potential toxicity.Despite being highly studied, many aspects of the protein adsorption mechanisms remain unknown. Here we particularly focused on the influence of two physicochemical characteristics, which had rarely been addressed: protein size and post-translational modifications. Also, because of their intensive use, we worked on silica nanoparticles (SiNPs).We studied the adsorption of hemoproteins on SiNPs, both of them having different sizes. Adsorption isotherms and calorimetry studies showed a relationship between the protein size and its affinity towards silica surfaces. Finer differences could also be observed by varying the SiNPs size. Additionally, structural analyses of adsorbed proteins were performed using circular dichroism and small-angle neutron scattering. The adsorption of hemoproteins, which are well-structured proteins, seems to have little effects on their structure. However, even though the quaternary structure is maintained, structural modifications can be seen.Using yeast protein extracts and synthetic peptides, the major role of arginine asymmetric dimethylation on proteins/SiNPs interaction could be established. The use of experimental and simulation techniques allowed us to understand the mechanism responsible for the high affinity of peptides having this peculiar methylation. As a whole, this work suggests that post-translational modifications can influence considerably the interactions between biomolecules and mineral surfaces
Ramiandrisoa, Donatien. „Adsorption de protéines sur des colloïdes et agrégation induite“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00997448.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumon, Sophie. „Ultrafiltration de protéines sur membranes minérales carbone-zircone, propriétés séparatives en présence de modifications physico-chimiques de surface et de milieu“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDevineau, Stéphanie. „Adsorption des protéines sur les nanomatériaux. Biochimie et physico-chimie d'un nouveau stress“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903842.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManjaoui, Abdelhakim. „Etude électrochimique de protéines extraites de la bactérie sulfato-réductrice Désulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough : Electrodes modifiées par adsorption de protéines“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenard, James, und Bernard Sébille. „Cinétiques de l'adsorption des protéines sur un support immunochromatographique“. Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuang, Tongtong. „Protein adsorption and denaturation in injectable devices for pharmaceutical applications“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8373.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProteins are widely used in formulation in the pharmaceutical field and play a major role in biological functions. It is well known that protein adsorption on solid surface is always observed for a long-term storage, which will result in a reduced dose of active compound or a loss of biological activity. In some cases, only short time of contact are sufficient to drastically modify the protein conformation: for instance, insulin losses 52% of its biological activity after 5 minutes contacting with glass surface, as well as a loss of 30% of cetrorelix is observed after 2 hours. Among all parameters, the time frame of the denaturation process is strongly related to the protein stability and surface properties. The understanding of protein adsorption has therefore become a crucial issue in the pharmaceutical industry.To gain a better understanding of proteins’ behavior on the surface, adsorbed protein quantification and its conformation should be studied. The objective of our research in a first will be to understand proteins’ behaviors on various surfaces which composed a classical prefilled syringe.The main goal of this PhD project is to understand the behaviors of several model proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (LSZ) and myoglobin (MGB) in contact with the surfaces of prefilled syringes such as glass and elastomer. We propose to use the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the amount of protein adsorbed on a flat surface by determining the depletion of the proteins in solution. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was as well as employed to follow the structural changes of adsorbed BSA on solid surface. [...]
Devineau, Stéphanie. „Adsorption des protéines sur les nanomatériaux. Biochimie et physico-chimie d’un nouveau stress“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112215/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanomaterials raise new questions in environmental and human toxicology and represent a novel interface with specific properties with the biological medium. Several unknown remain to explain all the mechanisms of toxicity, especially at the molecular lever. When they enter the biological medium, nanoparticles get covered by a protein corona. This corona yields to a new “biological identity” that controls the cellular response to nanoparticles and their fate in the organism. We studied the adsorption of model proteins on nanostructured silica. The first part is dedicated to the characterization of nanoporous silica and silica nanoparticles that we used. Then the adsorption of myoglobin, hemoglobin and protein mixture from yeast cells was studied to determine the thermodynamic and physical-chemical parameters of protein adsorption on silica. The enrichment of basic residues, gathered in charge clusters, favors the adsorption of proteins by the formation of electrostatic interactions with the charged surface of silica, independently of the global charge of the protein. On the contrary, the enrichment in aromatic residues is unfavorable to protein adsorption because they form π-π interactions that rigidify the protein structure. The identification of adsorbed and non-adsorbed proteins from a complex medium could also be used for cellular toxicity studies. From the study of the structure, the dynamics and the activity of myoglobin and hemoglobin adsorbed on silica nanoparticles, we tried to define the state of an adsorbed protein. The structural study, based on circular dichroism, fluorescence, infrared, X-ray and UV-visible spectroscopy and microcalorimetry, shows a substantial partial structure loss of adsorbed proteins together with a high conformational heterogeneity, without major modifications of the heme structure. Two potential interaction sites of myoglobin with silica nanoparticles have been identified by a footprinting technique. The study of adsorbed myoglobin dynamics by elastic and inelastic neutron scattering highlighted the important decrease of protein dynamics that occurs upon adsorption. However, despite the structure loss, adsorbed metmyoglobin retains almost all of its activity of ligand binding. Unexpectedly, adsorbed hemoglobin shows an increase of its oxygen affinity and a decrease of its cooperativity, without any dissociation of the tetramer. This effect can be reproduced on human hemoglobin, cross-linked DCL hemoglobin and variant S hemoglobin. Besides, two effectors allow modulating the affinity of adsorbed hemoglobin. Despite the extent of structural and activity changes, all these modifications are entirely reversible upon desorption in soft conditions. The adsorption of hemoproteins on silica nanoparticles depicts a new sort of stress with resilience for proteins in terms of structure, dynamics and activity relationship
Brouette, Nicolas. „Influence des propriétés interfaciales de couches organiques sur l'adsorption de protéines globulaires“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209645.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'adsorption de myoglobine deutérée sur des monocouches hydrophobes d'OTS et de PS a été étudiée par réflectivité de neutrons pour des solutions de protéines de différentes concentrations (de 1 mg/ml à 0.01 mg/ml). A basse concentration, les protéines adsorbées se dénaturent et s'étalent sur le substrat hydrophobe et l'adsorption résulte en une fine couche dense en protéines. Sur le PS, les protéines s'étalent moins, ce qui est en accord avec la moindre hydrophobicité du PS. A haute concentration, une couche supplémentaire peu dénaturée est observée au-dessus de la première couche.
La cinétique d'adsorption primaire de HSA a été étudiée par ellipsométrie sur des brosses de PEG (Mw = 35700 Da) de différentes densités de greffage. Les résultats confirment que les brosses de PEG répriment l'adsorption de protéines. En outre, l'adsorption est très rapide sur le PS, tandis que sur les brosses, l'adsorption est plus lente. Le comportement à temps long de la quantité adsorbée Γ en fonction de la densité de greffage σ est en accord semi-quantitatif avec une théorie développée par Halperin et basée sur les différentes contributions à l'énergie libre d'une protéine adsorbée. Il a également été mis en évidence un régime pour lequel le taux d'adsorption dΓ/dt décroît exponentiellement avec la quantité de protéines adsorbées Γ.
L'adsorption de protéines (lysozyme, HSA et myoglobine) a ensuite été étudiée sur des brosses de PNIPAM en fonction des paramètres de la brosse et de la température. Les brosses ont été greffées par ATRP à partir d'une monocouche d'OEG (oligo éthylène glycol) silanisé contenant du brome comme initiateur. Il a été montré que l'adsorption primaire sur la surface de greffage est inférieure à 0.1 mg/m^2 et que l'adsorption ternaire dans la brosse, en dessous et au-dessus de la LCST, ne dépasse pas 1 mg/m^2 (~ 2% de fraction volumique en protéines). La résistance à l'adsorption a été associée à la présence d'une région hydrophile superficielle qui pourrait présenter une barrière cinétique à l'adsorption des protéines dans le cœur moins polaire de la brosse.
L'ensemble de ces résultats montre que les propriétés interfaciales du substrat jouent un rôle crucial dans les processus d'adsorption des protéines.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Le, Floch-Fouéré Cécile. „Comportement interfacial et propriétés moussantes de protéines de blanc d’œuf“. Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEgg albumen proteins are used in numerous food formulations owing to their excellent functional properties, notably foaming properties. Mechanical and optic measurements allow to study the foams formation’s mechanisms by being based on the interfacial properties of these egg white proteins. The studies have been performed at the air/water interface thanks to suitable techniques and measures of foaming properties. Different mixtures of ovalbumin and lysozyme at a total protein concentration of 10 g·l-1 show that there is a synergy in the interfacial adsorption between the two proteins. Further to these experiments, the specific study of equimolar ratio by sequential adsorption allowed to suggest the existence of a stratified organization of both proteins in mixtures with ovalbumin for the closest layer to interface and lysozyme which is located just under this ovalbumin’s film forming multilayers
Barrande, Maud. „Caractérisation de matériaux poreux pour la séparation de protéines“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGorce, Françoise. „Contribution à l'étude de la dissolution des apatites : influence de l'adsorption de protéines ou de polypeptides“. Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR1M404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNehmé, Reine. „Etude des greffages non-covalents de capillaires pour l'analyse des peptides et des protéines en électrophorèse capillaire“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13519.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaujard-Lamotte, Lucie. „Interactions surfaces-protéines-cellules : Adsorption de la fibronectine sur supports modèles et influence sur le comportement cellulaire“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/07CERG0390.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn living tissues, cell behaviors depend on close connections between cells and their environment, the extracellular matrix (ECM). For in vitro cell culture experiments, a classic strategy to improve cell culture is to coat cell culture supports by an ECM protein which is able to promote cell adhesion, like fibronectin. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the surfaces-proteins-cells relationship, and especially the properties of fibronectin adsorbed onto model surfaces and their influence on cell behavior. Different model supports (glass, OTS, polystyrene) are generated and characterized. Then, adsorption kinetics using various protein concentrations are followed, and the amount and the conformational changes of adsorbed fibronectin are concomitantly determined. Finally, cell adhesion and morphology are studied in different cell seeding conditions, and for two cell types
Fargues, Claire. „Chromatographie des protéines appliquée à la purification de la pénicilline acylase : Modélisation de la colonne d'adsorption sur un gel d'hydroxyapatite“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL014N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGauthier, Fabien. „Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption de protéines aux interfaces“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLebec, Victor. „Interaction of proteins with chemically controlled surfaces for biosensor development“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManegrier, Sabine. „Etude comparative des différentes possibilités d'élimination de l'adsorption des protéines à la paroi du capillaire en électrophorèse capillaire de zone“. Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLamalle-Bernard, Delphine. „Immunogénicité des protéines p24 et gp 120 du VIH-1 adjuvantées par les nanoparticules de poly(acide lactique) et combinaison avec les vecteurs viraux“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, the formulation and the immunogenicity of a new vaccine vehicle, the PLA poly(D,L-lactic acid), were evaluated in prime/boost strategy. These synthetic and biodegradable nanoparticles prepared with antigens adsorded on their surface, could induce both arms of immunity. Two antigens, HIV-1 p24 and gp120 could be formulated onto the same particle without modification of quality and intensity of immune responses in a mouse model. As these formulations induce no anti-vector immune responses, repeated boosting could increase and maintain immunity. Based on these observations, we evaluated a new vaccine strategy using PLA-p24 as a prime and recombinant vector (poxvirus (rMVA), Adenovirus (Ad5) or DNA) expressing the same antigen as a boost. Synthetic vector associated with viral vector is able to increase humoral and cellular immune responses, and seems a promising vaccine strategy against chronic infections
Frachon, Thibaut. „Agrégation des protéines thérapeutiques à l'interface triple solide/liquide/air : application aux procédés industriels de production, stockage et d'administration“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to the high specificity of their interactions, proteins are increasingly used in therapy and represent a vast majority of the global pharmaceutical market. Nevertheless, these molecules are fragile and therapeutic protein stability is a major concern in pharmaceutical industry. Protein degradation and aggregation can occur at every step during production, storage, transport and delivery. In this thesis, we interrogate the possible role of intermittent wetting in protein aggregation. Intermittent wetting frequently occurs in protocols involving pumping (cavitation), agitation, and liquid handling. During intermittent wetting, the air/liquid and liquid/solid interfaces meet at a triple line or triple interface, which is a local trigger for protein aggregation because it concentrates the mechanical action of the recessing fluid on the surface adsorbed proteins. We study the effect of surface intermittent wetting on insulin aggregation. Our results demonstrate that the triple interface line, where an air/water interface meets a hydrophobic surface, allows progressive protein accumulation, and finally triggers local insulin aggregation. We also show that shear stress, alone, is not detrimental for protein stability. Additionally, Additives such as polysorbates were tested, showing that the modification of the surface tension of a protein solution impacts its ability to form aggregates. Based on this work, we propose recommendations for the design of drug delivery and preparation devices in order to limit the risk of protein aggregation at the triple interface
Philp, Jane. „Etude de l'hémolyse et de l'absorption des protéines plasmatiques en plasmaphérèse membranaire à débit constant et pulsé“. Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD658.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis has focused on the problems encountered during membrane plasmapheresis. These are specifically the causes of haemolysis and flux decline during membrane separations. The objective was to find what causes haemolysis in a filtering system and how the design of a module may affect the overall haemolysis. This thesis shows that haemolysis is due to the pressure gradient across the membrane and that by reducing fibber length the potential for haemolysis is reduced. The adsorption of plasma proteins onto the membrane surface was also investigated. It was shown that during steady blood flow conditions high levels of adsorption or trapping occurred and by introducing flow pulsations this level maybe minimised. A comparison between blood flow inside and outside the fibbers was made with respect to both filtration and haemolysis performances. It was found that with blood flow inside the fibbers haemolysis was lowest and filtration was highest. Having considered these factors a system of control was tested in vitro using bovine blood and flow pulsations. The system yielded a high filtration with very low haemolysis levels
Schollier, Audrey. „Probing protein adsorption modes onto poly(ethylene glycol) brushes by neutron reflection“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA clear understanding of the mechanism of protein adsorption onto polymer brushes is still missing. The first models describing the interactions of a polymer brush with adsorbing particles predicted two adsorption modes: primary adsorption at the grafting surface, and secondary adsorption at the outer edge of the brush (occurring for large cylindrical proteins). Primary adsorption can be repressed by increasing the grafting density of the brush, and secondary adsorption by increasing its thickness, in agreement with the experiments reported in the literature. But experimental evidences (a maximum in the adsorbed amount observed for long brushes) suggested then the existence of a third mode: ternary adsorption within the brush itself, due to attractive interactions between the protein and the brush. Standard techniques can in general only probe the total adsorbed amount. The aim of this work was to separate primary and ternary adsorption isotherms, by using neutron reflectivity and deuterated proteins. As neutrons interact differently with hydrogen and deuterium atoms, the contrast between the hydrogenated brush and the deuterated protein is high enough to separate the two contributions.
We studied the adsorption of deuterated myoglobin on PEG brushes with different degrees of polymerisation (N = 56, 146 and 770), and as a function of the area per grafted chain. The contribution of primary and ternary adsorption was separated for the different systems, and the adsorbed amount was extracted and the adsorption isotherms compared to the theoretical predictions. The ability to distinguish between the different adsorption modes, and the quantification of their relative contribution to the overall amount of adsorbed proteins, represents a major advance in optimising surface properties. In particular, the occurrence of ternary adsorption onto PEG brushes affects their status as tool for repressing protein adsorption.
L’adsorption de protéines aux interfaces a un rôle important pour certaines applications pharmaceutiques ou biotechnologiques. En effet, plusieurs processus indésirables sont liés à l’adsorption de protéines, par exemple l’encrassement de lentilles de contact, la coagulation dans des appareils contenant du sang, l’inflammation d’organes artificiels ou encore la diminution du temps de circulation dans le corps de protéines ou liposomes thérapeutiques. Certains polymères, tels que le polyéthylène glycol (PEG), sont utilisés pour réprimer l’adsorption de protéines :en greffant une brosse de PEG sur la surface, une couche est créée entre la protéine et celle-ci qui diminue, voire même réprime complètement l’adsorption. Comprendre le mécanisme qui entrave l’adsorption aux interfaces est un sujet de recherche actif, qui pourrait mener à des améliorations significatives dans la conception de biomatériaux.
À ce jour, la compréhension du mécanisme d’adsorption de protéines sur des brosses de polymère n’est pas claire. Les premiers modèles décrivant les interactions entre brosses de polymères et particules adsorbantes prédisaient deux modes d’adsorption :l’adsorption primaire sur la surface de greffage, et l’adsorption secondaire à l’extérieur de la brosse (pour les grandes protéines cylindriques uniquement). L’adsorption primaire peut-être réprimée en augmentant la densité de greffage de la brosse, et l’adsorption secondaire en augmentant son épaisseur, en accord avec les expériences reportées dans la littérature. Mais d’autres évidences expérimentales (un maximum dans la quantité adsorbée observé pour les brosses longues) ont ensuite suggéré l’existence d’un troisième mode :l’adsorption ternaire à l’intérieur même de la brosse, due aux interactions attractives entre la protéine et la brosse.
Les techniques standards peuvent en général mesurer la quantité adsorbée totale. Le but de ce travail était de séparer les isothermes d’adsorption primaire et ternaire, en utilisant la réflectivité de neutrons et des protéines deutérées. Comme les neutrons interagissent différemment avec les atomes d’hydrogène ou de deutérium, le contraste entre la brosse hydrogénée et la protéine deutérée est ainsi suffisant pour séparer les deux contributions.
Nous avons étudié l’adsorption de myoglobine deutérée sur des brosses de PEG avec différents degrés de polymérisation (N = 56, 146 and 770), en fonction de l’aire par chaîne Σ. La contribution des adsorptions primaire et ternaire put être séparée pour les différents systèmes, et les quantités adsorbées extraites pour finalement comparer les isothermes d’adsorption aux prédictions théoriques. La possibilité de distinguer les différents modes d’adsorption, et la quantification de leur contribution relative à la quantité totale de protéines adsorbées représente une avancée majeure dans l’optimisation des propriétés des surfaces. L’adsorption ternaire dans les brosses de PEG en particulier remet en question leur utilisation pour réprimer l’adsorption de protéines.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Leclerc, Pierre-Louis. „Élaboration de nanoparticules de protéines de lactosérum comme système d'administration de quercétine en système gastro-intestinal“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28400/28400.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFournier, Clara. „Hydrophilisation de billes de polystyrène-divinylbenzène par adsorption de dérivés amphiphiles du dextrane : préparation et caractérisations structurales de nouveaux support pour la chromatographie des protéines“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_FOURNIER_C.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoumbo, Marvine. „Adsorption des protéines sur les surfaces de couches minces de silice seules ou additivées de nanoparticules d'argent : impact sur les forces d'adhésion de Candida albicans“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicrobial adhesion on solid surfaces is the source of multiple negative impacts in many areas. This step is considered prior to biofilm formation. It might be influenced by the presence of a conditioning layer generated after protein adsorption on the surface. Thus, strategies to act during the initial phase of microbial adhesion represent an appropriate approach to prevent bio-contamination of solid surfaces. However, they require understanding of the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. In this context, nanocomposite materials based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silica (SiO2) appear as relevant tools. This thesis focuses on the use of nanocomposite thin layers containing a plan of AgNPs exposed on their surfaces or buried in a SiO2plasma matrix at a controlled distance of a few nanometers from the surface in order to explore, on the one hand, the adhesion of model proteins (Bovine Serum Albumin, DsRed and Fibronectin) and their conformational changes and secondly, the kinetics of detachment of the yeast Candida albicans under the different conditions. AgNPs are well known for their antimicrobial activities but also for their optical properties allowing detection of molecular signatures at their proximities. Following the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using AgNP-based nanocomposite layers, the detection of three conformations of DsRed (red fluorescent protein) adsorbed and dehydrated on plasmonic substrates was achieved. The obtained results show that the conformational changes of proteins with a strong internal coherence are reversible. In parallel, we have evaluated the dynamics of the organization and behavior of BSA, Fn and DsRed in contact with thin silica layers or silica layers containing AgNPs. Contact angle measurements of droplets of different protein concentrations showed increasing hydrophilic interaction with thermal SiO2th. For the nanocomposite layers, the surface hydrophobicity is modified. The thickness and optical properties of the adsorbed protein layers were evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Depending on the protein concentration in solution the results show the evolution of a non-continuous and non-dense protein monolayer to a more compact and complex monolayer at high concentrations. [...]
Balme, Sébastien. „Spectroscopie de fluorescence dynamique confocale : réalisation du dispositif optique et application à l'étude de l'adsorption de protéines aux interfaces solide/liquide“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011288.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa fluorescence intrinsèque des protéines ou le marquage direct par un chromophore ne rendent pas toujours compte simplement du mouvements des protéines. De ce fait, Nous avons synthétisé une sonde fluorescente composée de biotine éthylènediamine et d'alexa fluor 594. Ce marquage permet d'obtenir un temps de corrélation unique l de 32 ns, compatible à celui attendu pour une protéine de géométrie sphérique de masse molaire de 66 KDa. Durant ce travail de thèse, nous avons développé un dispositif optique innovant permettant d'effectuer des études d'adsorption sous flux par des mesures de fluorescence et de polarisation de fluorescence résolues dans le temps en mode confocal. Le dispositif mise au point permet d'obtenir une résolution spatial de 1,2 µm soit un volume de l'ordre du femtolitre qu'il est possible de déplacer dans une cuve d'épaisseur de 230 µm. En fluorescence dynamique, les valeurs de temps de corrélation et de durée de vie de fluorescence obtenue sont similaires avec ceux obtenus en mesure de fluorescence classique.
Enfin, nous avons suivi la cinétique d'adsorption et l'évolution des profile de concentration de l'avidine lors du processus d'adsorption sur une surface modèle (mica) et sur une membrane d'hémodialyse (AN-69).
Etheve, Jocelyne. „Corrélation potentiel d'écoulement-concentration interfaciale de protéines à l'interface silice-solution : influence d'un traitement externe par de la poly(éthylèneimine) sur la pénétration du lysozyme à l'intérieur d'une membrane portant des groupes sulfonates“. Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouahi, Myriam. „Etude de l'adhésion de cellules ostéoblastiques humaines Saos2 sur des biomatériaux à usage orthopédique : Rôle de la microstructure, effet de l'adsorption de protéines“. Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1587.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdhesion of Saos2 osteoblastic cells was studied on dense and microporous hydroxyapatite based ceramics (HA) and compared to titanium and plastic from 0. 5 to 96 hours. An inverse relation was demonstrated between the specific surface area of the HA powder, its protein adsorption capacity and the protein adsorption and cellular adhesion on HA ceramics. We also demonstrated that the surface of microporous ceramics modulated protein adsorption from serum, cell adhesion and cell proliferation. Thanks to immuno-histochemical and real-time quantitative PCR methods, it was demonstrated that HA and titanium surfaces influenced not only adhesion protein's gene expression and synthesis but also cellular proliferation and differentiation. This is a new demonstration that cell adhesion on a material depends on its nature, its protein adsorption capacity and its microstructure, these parameters further influencing cellular proliferation and differentiation
Reisch, Andreas. „Anti-fouling polyelectrolyte multilayers based on phosphorylcholine bearing polyelectrolytes : Studies at rest and under stretching“. Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/REISCH_Andreas_2009.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolyelectrolytes (PEL) modified with phosphorylcholine (PC) and triethylene glycol (EO)3 groups were integrated into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEL ML) in the aim of creating protein and cell resistant surfaces. We synthesized various PEL modified with PC groups linked through different spacers. Precursor molecules comprising the PC group and the spacer were synthesized by reaction of POCl3 with choline and a suitable alcohol. These precursor molecules were then coupled to the PEL through an amide bond. Adsorption of these modified PEL on PEL ML and protein adsorption thereon were studied by QCM and OWLS. Protein adsorption depended on the properties of the adsorbed top layer, especially its charge, structure, hydration and type and number of PC and (EO)3 groups. Practically protein and cell resistant surfaces were obtained using poly acrylic acid modified either with (EO)3PC or (EO)3 groups. These surfaces also retain their anti-fouling properties under stretching of the substrate
Simon, Anne. „Intérêt de la microscopie de force atomique sur la biofonctionnalisation de matériaux : caractérisation du greffage et de l'adhésion cellulaire“. Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12583.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBou, Haidar Naila. „Développement d’un pansement à libération contrôlée d’une protéine spécifique anti-biofilm bactérien. Application aux plaies chroniques“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBacterial biofilms are a major obstacle to the wound healing process. In addition, they are responsible for the emergence of resistance and tolerance to antibiotics. Hence, the development of controlled drug delivery systems targeting the bacterial biofilm appears as an urgent and essential alternative therapeutic approach for the effective management of chronic wound. In this work, we developed wound dressings in which a protein, dispersin B (DB), is released capable of selectively targeting the biofilm matrix, creating a deleterious microenvironment for the bacterial biofilm. To this end, we were interested in asymmetric membranes (AMs) from biodegradable polyesters such as the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), the poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) and the polylactic acid. By the incorporation of hydrophilic porogen agents (PA), we were able to obtain AMs with a high level of porosity, exhibiting a porous interconnected network and oxygen and water vapor permeability. Using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, we demonstrated that protein loading and release from the PBSA AMs were affected by the membrane structure and the presence of residual PA. In vitro studies showed highest antibiofilm efficiency both in inhibition and dispersion (up to 80%). Normalized in vitro cytotoxicity standard assays revealed that unloaded and DB-loaded PBSA membranes met cytocompatibility criteria required for wound dressing applications
Davila, Ramos Johanna. „Syntheses and uses of modified polyelectrolytes for therapeutic hydrogels and films with controlled and selective protein adsorption“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this thesis is dedicated to the modification of polyelectrolytes to form polyelectrolyte films with controlled and stretch responsive cell and protein adsorption properties. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was modified with side phosphorylcholine groups (PC) at rates of 25 % or with oligo(ethylene oxide) chains ended by biotin ((EO)nBiotin, (n =0, 3, 9 and 18) at 1, 5, 10 and 25 % modification rates. Polyelectrolytes multilayer films (PEM) containing these polyelectrolytes bind selectively streptavidin but repel all other proteins. The adsorption properties and selectivity were measured by quartz crystal microbalance. On a stretchable PDMS substrate, we have built PEM ended by PAA bearing RGD, covered by two PAA-PC layers on the top. Under rest, only the PC groups are exposed and prevent cell adhesion; when the film is stretched, the underlying RGD groups are exposed, and trigger adhesion of fibroblasts.The second part was consecrated to the study of poly(methacrylic acid) hydrophobically modified with alkyl chains connected through an ester moiety to the main chain. Three different chains were grafted -C12H25; -C18H35 and -C4H8- OOC-C11H23 with a rate of 1, 5 and 10 %. These polymers associate in water and form hydrogels in physiological buffer, for modification rates higher than 5 % and polymer concentrations higher than 4 wt. %. The gels were characterized by rheology. Their incubation with lipases resulted in a decrease of their viscosity, which could be interpreted by the cleavage of the hydrophobic side chains, by rheological tests. When the gels with PAA-C12 were incubated with a culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, their viscosity decreased, which shows that alkyle chains are also cleaved in vivo
Möller, Janina. „Porous calcium phosphate based nanovectors for growth factor release“. Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRonzon, Jean-Claude. „Contribution à l'étude viscosimétrique en solutions diluées de collagène acido-soluble d'origine bovine“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLandousy, Fabrice. „DEVELOPPEMENTS METHODOLOGIQUES POUR LA CARACTERISATION DES COMPLEXES ADN-PROTEINES PAR AFM ET ETUDE DES INTERACTIONS ADN-KU“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129367.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous avons caractérisé les interactions entre l'ADN et la surface de mica. Nous proposons un modèle simple pour décrire les interactions électrostatiques en solution entre l'ADN et le mica, en considérant le rôle des cations monovalents et divalents. La bonne corrélation avec les données expérimentales permet de valider un référentiel de conditions et une méthode d'adsorption réversible de l'ADN sur mica prétraité nickel. Nous avons parallèlement développé un système de plots pour ancrer l'ADN par ses extrémités.
Le contrôle de ces méthodologies permet de caractériser l'accessibilité en fonction des états d'adsorption. Nous abordons cette problématique en caractérisant l'activité de la bléomycine sur l'ADN. Cette approche sur un système modèle permet de caractériser l'influence de la surface en termes d'accessibilité et d'activité.
La dernière partie de ce travail considère la caractérisation des interactions de la protéine Ku avec l'ADN dans le cadre de l'étude de la réparation des cassures double brin. Notre approche qui combine les apports de la microscopie électronique à transmission et de l'AFM met en évidence une polymérisation coopérative de Ku sur l'ADN double brin et un mode de fixation très différent sur l'ADN simple brin. Ce travail montre l'intérêt de l'imagerie moléculaire pour caractériser les mécanismes de recherche des sites cibles par les protéines.
Jouanny-Bouyer, Eléonore. „Stabilisation d'émulsions d'intérêt pharmaceutique par des protéines et des polysaccharides : exemples de la β-lactoglobuline, de la gomme arabique et de la gomme xanthane“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056468.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubiel, Evan Alozie. „Towards the development and validation of biomaterial surfaces and scaffolds suitable for pancreatic beta-cell development and function“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJouanny-Bouyer, Eléonore. „Stabilisation d’émulsions d’intérêt pharmaceutique par des protéines et des polysaccharides : exemples de la β-lactoglobuline, de la gomme arabique et de la gomme xanthane“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114802/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this study was to formulate and characterize oil-in-water simple emulsions of pharmaceutical interest stabilized by β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), gum arabic (GA), xanthan gum (XG), and mixtures of β-lg:GA and β-lg:XG. The total biopolymer final concentration in the dispersions was 1 (w/w) % and could be raised to 2.5 (w/w) % if the formulated emulsions were not stable. β-lg:GA mixing was performed at pH 4.2 to allow attractive electrostatic interactions between the two biopolymers and thus the formation of complexes. Two protein:polysaccharide ratios were investigated: 2:1 and 1:2. Conversely, β8lg:XG mixing was performed at pH 7, where both biopolymers are negatively charged, in order to avoid the complex formation, and with a 1:1 ratio. A stability study was conducted for emulsions over a 6-month period. The obtained stabilities could be classified increasingly: GA 2.5 % < β-lg:GA 2.5 % < β-lg 2.5 % < XG 1 % = β-lg:XG 1 %. Several stabilization mechanisms were evidenced by the study of the biopolymer interfacial properties, the study of emulsion rheology and by confocal laser scanning microscopy observations with labeled fluorescent biopolymers. β-lg and GA were both able to adsorb at the interface of oil globule. XG enhanced the continuous phase viscosity. β-lg:GA mixing led to the formation of a stabilizing interfacial double layer. Finally, β-lg:XG association combined the stabilization mechanisms of both biopolymers, respectively: interfacial adsorption and enhancement of the continuous phase viscosity
Issa, Sabin. „Fonctionnalisation de la surface du titane pour les implants dentaires“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to create new nanostructured surfaces with bioactive coatings and to study theirs physicochemical properties in order to develop better dental implants designs and promote their osseointegration. This functionalization was performed in two steps; starting by the nanostructuration of TiO2 surface by anodisation to create reactive sites on the edges of titanium nanotubes which acts as points of “attachment" to bioactive coatings. The second step was the surface chemical modification by coating the nanostructured surface with bioactive coatings of calcium phosphate (CaP) and strontium doped calcium phosphate (Sr.CaP). This coating was performed by pulsed electrodeposition. The physicochemical characterization by XPS, SEM and IR showed that doping with Sr promotes a non-apatitic compound similar to DCPD or DCPA (Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate or Anhydrous), while undoped CaP coating looks like an amorphous apatite-like compound ACP. The addition of strontium has the double advantage of optimizing the cellular multiplication and of giving an inorganic phase with bio-performance better than apatitic compounds. We also evaluated the adsorption proprieties of these functionalized surfaces by investigating the adsorption of proteins (BSA). This adsorption was performed onto tblank nanotubes, nanotubes coated with CaP and Sr doped CaP and evaluated according to deposition time and to the pH value of the solution that affect both protein and surface charge. The kinetic and structural evaluation reveals different adsorption geometries according to pH and adsorption time and also according to the chemical nature of surface. Such results of protein adsorption and conformation may form a database to understand and control protein activities and reactions with living body when used for dental implants system
Velzenberger, Elodie. „Validations biologiques et physico-chimiques d'un revêtement cellulosique de boîtes pour cultures cellulaires bioactives“. Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1784.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface properties of biomaterials may influence protein adsorption and the composition of the protein layer may affect the morphology and the functional orientations of adherent cells. In this work, both biological and physico-chemical approaches were combined to characterize an original cellulosic coating (CEL) for cell culture and to better understand the interactions involved between a surface, proteins and finally cells. The aim of this multi-disciplinary project is to correlate surface properties (at the micrometric and at the nanometric scale) with biological activations. Three adherent murine cell lines were chosen (fibroblasts Swiss 3T3, pre-osteoblasts MC-3T3 and melanoma cells B16F10). Liquid-liquid contact angle measurements and AFM enabled to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the cellulosic substratum before and after fibronectin adsorption. The principal results obtained with the cellulosic substratum are summerized below : Cell aggregation; A cellular proliferation inhibition with a blocking in G1-phase; An induction of apoptosis; CEL is hydrophilic and a little amount of fibronectin is adsorbed on the substratum in a conformation which is not appropriate for cell adhesion (bad accessibility to RGD site); Instantaneous affinity negligible of fibronectin for the cellulosic material. This study evidences that CEL is an anti-adhesive biomaterial which gives reproducible and demonstrative results. Moreover, this work underlines the necessity to combine several approaches (ELISA assays, liquid-liquid contact angle measurements, force spectroscopy) to characterize the interaction between a protein and a biomaterial surface under physiological conditions
Taulemesse, François. „Analyse écophysiologique et génétique de l’absorption d’azote post-floraison chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) en relation avec la concentration en protéines des grains“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22581/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrain protein concentration is one of the major qualitative criteria of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economic and technological value. However, the negative relationship existing between protein concentration and grain yield implies that grain protein concentration improvement is complex to achieve without detrimental effect on grain yield. Breeding programs based on the deviation to this negative relationship (Grain protein deviation of GPD) have been proposed to be a suitable strategy to improve grain nitrogen concentration without detrimental effects on yield. At a physiological level, GPD is strongly correlated with genotypes aptitude to uptake nitrogen after flowering independently of the nitrogen amount already taken up before this stage, suggesting that satiety for nitrogen could be involved in its establishment. Breeding for GPD implies however a more detailed knowledge of the processes implied in nitrogen uptake regulation by nitrogen plant satiety. This would allow targeting traits both simple to measure and robustly associated with this increased capacity to accumulate proteins in grains.The present study is based on two experiments carried on under controlled conditions and a third led under field conditions. In all experiments, various levels of pre-flowering fertilization were applied in order to obtain contrasted plant nitrogen status at flowering. Nitrogen status effect on post-flowering nitrogen uptake was observed under various post-flowering N availability conditions. Physiological and molecular measurements were carried out in parallel with uptake measurements.We highlighted that post-flowering nitrogen uptake has an elaborate dynamic, suggesting the involvement of complex regulations. Among these, plant nitrogen status at flowering determines to a great extent the amount of nitrogen taken up during the days following flowering (early PANU, from flowering to flowering +250 °C.days-1). Early PANU appears to be a strong determinant of grain protein concentration, as strong positive correlations were observed between these two traits both under controlled conditions and field conditions, independently of grain yield level. The study of two genotypes strongly contrasted for GPD highlighted that, despite comparable N status, early PANU is subjected to strong genetic variations which tend to identify N satiety as a determinant of GPD.The present study identified robust markers of GPD of potential use in plant breeding. At a physiological level, post flowering stem elongation appears to be a promising marker of GPD since this trait is strongly correlated with early PANU. At a molecular level, root nitrate concentration, a trait submitted to genetic variations, is also proposed as a marker of GPD because of its role in the expression regulation of the genes governing nitrogen uptake and assimilation
Palestino, Escobedo Alma Gabriela. „Biosensing and light enhancement by means of biofunctionalized porous silicon devices“. Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartocq, Laurine. „Influence des nanoparticules d’argent élaborées par procédé plasma sur la conformation de la fibronectine“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66601.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this project is to study the influence of silver nanoparticles embedded in an organosilicon matrix on the fibronectin organization. Silver is known for its antibacterial properties for several centuries, the study of protein adsorption in contact of these nanoparticles is essential for a use in biomedical field. First, nanoparticles were embedded in an organosilicon matrix, all synthetized by low-pressure plasma. Presence of silver in the plasma during the deposition was analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy. Then, fibronectin was adsorbed on the surfaces to study the influence of silver nanoparticles. Surfaces were characterized by different methods, especially by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify the presence of silver and fibronectin. Roughness of the surfaces was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and dynamic contact angle measurements were realized. Finally, to quantify the fibronectin adsorbed on the surfaces and to know the protein organization, ELISA tests were performed.
Helassa, Nordine. „Devenir la protéine Cry1Aa issue de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) dans le sol“. Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince their commercialisation in 1996, the area of cultures of Bt transgenic plants has increased considerably, representing nearly 42 million hectares in 2007. These plants produce an insecticidal protein (from Bacillus thuringiensis) enabling them to resist devastating insects such as the European corn borer. The toxin is introduced into soil by root exudation and the breakdown of plant residues. The interactions of toxin with soil particles can influence its mobility, its bioavailability, its persistence and its toxicity. It is thus important to study the role of soil in the fate of this toxin. This doctoral study has improved our understanding of the physico-chemical interactions between toxin and the soil components and in particular the very reactive surfaces of clays. The adsorption of toxin on clays is weak affinity, strongly pH-dependent and not easily reversible. The difference in maximum quantity of toxin adsorbed on montmorillonite and kaolinite was in agreement with their respective specific surface areas, rather than with their specific surface charge. An analysis of the mobility of toxin in an adsorbed state on montmorillonite by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) showed that the protein is immobilized by its adsorption on the clay. These results suggest that the risk of transfer of toxin in soil will be limited to colloïd facilitated transfer and bioturbation. Moreover, studies of persistence of toxin in soil showed that more than 50 % of the immuno-reactivity of toxin was lost in less than one week. The biotic processes (microbial degradation) do not seem to determine this phenomenon. The toxin appears to be inactivated by conformation changes following its interaction with soil constituents. Abiotic processes (physico-chemical interactions) thus are strongly implicated in persistence of toxin in soil, with a significant contribution of hydrophobic interactions. In this work, a considerable effort was devoted to the development of a method of in situ detection of toxin in soil. Two strategies were adopted, based both on fluorescence spectroscopy and immunology, involving the recognition of two epitopes of toxin by two marked antibodies (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, FRET) or the recognition of an epitope by a marked antibody after presaturation of the reactive surface (protein binding sites). The results, although preliminary, are encouraging and should be pursued
Lartundo-Rojas, Luis. „Influence de l'adsorption de protéine (BSA) sur le comportement électrochimique et la composition de surface d'un alliage Fe-17Cr en solution aqueuse“. Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004963.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSergeeva, Yulia. „Complexes ADN/polycation en solution et aux interfaces en tant que vecteurs de transfection non viraux de pointe“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064224.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRebeix, Vincent. „Observation et quantification de dépôts lacrymaux sur lentilles hydrogel et évaluation de l'efficacité préventive des tensioactifs“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL048N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSnisarenko, Dmytro. „Medium sized molecules clearance through artificial kidneys“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30270/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite a long history of development, the hemodialysis procedure (artificial kidney) still possesses some limitations, such as loss of the initial properties of the membrane due to fouling and poor removal of the middle sized uremic toxins. The present study is part of an European project named BioArt the aim of which was to overcome these limitations. In that objective, one of the partners of BioArt project reported on the development of the novel promising concept of double layer membrane with embedded adsorptive particles. A thorough characterization of the new membrane was then necessary, more precisely the extent to which mixed matrix layer can improve the removal of the uremic toxins from various groups needed to be evaluated, as well as the propensity of the membrane material to become fouled. The studies of the fouling phenomena are conventionally performed at the macro scale (bundle of hollow fibers) without insights of what is happening at the scale of an isolated fiber. Therefore, the primary aim of the present Thesis was to transfer the research of the protein-induced membrane fouling from the macro to the micro scale. A novel transparent microfluidics device with the polymeric membrane inside has been developed and applied for the filtration of model proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a-lactalbumin. Thanks to the coupling of the microchip with the fluorescent microscopy, different patterns of protein deposition on the membrane surface were observed and related to the variations in the hydrodynamic conditions inside the microchip. It was found that at certain conditions one may observe the difference in protein accumulation in the inlet, the middle, and the outlet of the channel while at other conditions this effect vanishes. Additionally, the unexpected phenomena of a-lactalbumin aggregation was observed over the course of filtration. The location and shape of the aggregates were also dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and the applied transmembrane pressure. Aiming to address the problem of membrane design optimization for the enhancement of the middle molecules elimination from the bloodstream, a mathematical model, which accounts for the presence of adsorptive particles inside the complex double-layer membrane, has been proposed. The objective of the model was to understand the interplay of three solute removal mechanisms: convection, diffusion, and adsorption. The model allows predicting the influence of various parameters such as molecule diffusivity, membrane thickness, the presence of convection, content of adsorptive particles on the flux intensification across the membrane. The developed model seems to be a useful tool, which may be applied to design optimized membranes for the removal of toxins
Abou-Dalle-Messaikeh, Hana. „Polymères insolubles fonctionnels : affinité spécifique pour les anticorps anti VIIIc“. Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRubio, Céline. „Compréhension des mécanismes d'adhésion des biofilms en milieu marin en vue de la conception de nouveaux moyens de prévention“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066325.
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