Dissertationen zum Thema „Propriétés interfaciale“
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Vauthier, Madeline. „Développement d'interfaces intelligentes aux propriétés thermoréversibles“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1901/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleShould we adapt to materials or can we modify materials to obtain what we want and what we need? Since the beginning of humanity, natural materials (stone, wood, etc.) have allowed civilizations to develop. Thanks to the increase of knowledge in the field of materials and to the development of more and more sophisticated fabrication processes, civilizations have also allowed the development of materials such as metal alloys, ceramics and, more recently, synthetic polymers. Since the second-half of the 20th century, researchers and engineers have found interest in responsive materials and particularly responsive polymers, able to adapt to their surrounding environment such as the mostly studied poly(N-isopropylacrylamine). The number of studies to design new smart materials keeps increasing because they play an important role in the development of advanced technologies. Today, we can find smart materials in all areas of activity.According to the targeted application, different stimuli are considered and can be classified amongchemical or physical stimuli.Recently, chemical stimuli have been studied for various applications, such as the elaboration of pH-stimuli responsive materials to control drug delivery and separation processes. The presence of specific molecules, for instance containing polar groups or able to form hydrogen bonds, can also modify the properties of materials and may be used to induce self-healing processes. Biomolecules may also provide chemical signals for the selective conjugation of proteins or sugars. Besides, physical stimuli have also gained interest because they can be remotely applied. Indeed, electro- or magneto-active polymers respond to an applied electric or magnetic field by changing their size or shape for instance. They are used to elaborate sensors, robotic muscles, to store data and in nanomagnetic materials for various biomedical applications. Photo-sensitive polymers can change their physicochemical properties in response to light irradiation at a given wavelength and intensity. The photoresponsive polymers are broadly used in nano- or bio-technology, such as for bio-patterning and photo-triggered drug delivery. Another highly-studied physical stimulus consists in the variation of the environmental temperature. This method is used for drug delivery, in liquid chromatography to vary the power of separation without changing the column and/or the solvent composition or to elaborate self-healing materials (composites) thanks to weak (H-bonds) or covalent interactions forinstance.In the former examples, the whole composition of the system is usually specifically formulated to react to environmental conditions, although many phenomena locally occur at the surface of the material. This strategy is thus economically non-viable because only few percents of the material volume are exploited for their smart properties. Consequently, industrial renewal can be stimulated by the fabrication of stimuli-responsive coatings that could cover any material, preserving the characteristics of the bulk material and limiting the cost of these additional smart properties. [...]
Fujii, yamagata Alessandra. „Les propriétés adhésives et rhéologie interfaciale de mortiers colles“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdhesive mortars consist basically of cement, sand, mineral fillers and a variety of additives (cellulose ethers, air-entraining, latex) and are used to glue ceramic tiles (and other pieces like stone, glass etc) to substrates. They are usually applied in a large surface on the substrate in the form of ribs on which tiles are put. In order to obtain a good performance it is important that when the tile is installed, the mortar rheological properties allow for good contact between them, even after several minutes (open time) of exposure to ambient conditions either at internal or external building areas. For this purpose, it is necessary to avoid the formation of a rigid and/or dry layer at the mortar-air interface, which may be difficult to be deformed or wet the tile surface properly. As the initial contact between mortar and tile is the first step for the development of adhesive properties between the materials, a good comprehension of the rheological properties evolution at the air-mortar interface is of great importance for mortar producers and users. In this context, this thesis firstly developed methods to evaluate interfacial properties and a microscopical technique to visualize the contact. Then, those techniques combined with already existent squeeze flow/tack test and rheological methods can be used to evaluate how polymer additives such as cellulose ether influence the adhesive mortar rheological properties in the volume and at interface to further understand the adhesive properties. And finally, with the use of NMR, those properties could be correlated with water distribution evolution
Colliat-Dangus, Perrine. „Complexation interfaciale de polymères : propriétés et stabilité d'émulsions millimétriques“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066134/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the study of an oil-water interface where the complexation of two polymers takes place. The aqueous phase is a solution of cross-linked polyacrylic acid microgels (carbomer) and the oil phase contains a polyelectrolyte possessing amine groups (amodimethicone). The stabilization of an emulsion of millimeter-sized droplets is achieved with this polymeric interface. Designed by millifluidic, the droplets are made one by one and a calibrated emulsion of oil in water is obtained. The process was developed by the company Capsum, with the objective to encapsulate perfumes or active ingredients for cosmetics. First, we characterize the adsorption and complexation of the polyelectrolytes at the oil-water interface with both static and dynamic tensiometry methods. Then, we study the mechanical properties of the polymeric membrane along with its capacity to stabilize emulsions, at the level of a collection of droplets undergoing compression which is applied either by gravity or by centrifugation, and also at the level of single droplets flowing through a glass capillary. Thanks to those various experimental methods, and depending on the physico-chemical conditions, the different emulsion stabilization regimes are highlighted. A major observation is that the amount of amodimethicone controls the anchoring of the carbomer at the interface, setting the interface state from fluid to solid, and therefore the corresponding emulsion stability. Moreover, when the membrane is solid, that is to say when the microgels are electrostatically cross-linked with the amodimethicone, a remarkable propagation of membrane rupture within an emulsion undergoing compression is revealed
Bergonzi, Isabelle. „Propriétés vibrationnelles de l’eau confinée et interfaciale : conséquences thermodynamiques“. Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaboratory studies shows that water properties are disturbed when it is located close to a surface (≈1nm) or occluded in a pore with size less than ten nanometers: beyond these thresholds, its properties are supposed to be bulk. Paradoxically, field observations suggest that the water behavior can deviate with respect to its bulk one for pore sizes of few microns. We present an experimental study of the effects and the scope of a solid surface, internal wall of closed cavity, on the occluded water vibrational and thermodynamic properties. First, we have developed and calibrated a partition function, that takes into account the water inter- and intramolecular modes, to convert its vibrational properties into its thermodynamic counterparts. This function allows us to calculate the free enthalpy corresponding to an IR spectrum deviation with respect to a reference spectrum. IR measurements were performed in channel in function of their height, from 100 to 5 nm. They highlighted that water properties are modified between 5 and 20 nm. Although these distances are within the accepted values for the interfacial influence, the intensity of thermodynamic variations are surprising, as its variation direction: the water activity increases. This evolution could be drive by the geometrical restrictions and the disjoining pressure effects. On the contrary, high resolution IR and Raman micro-spectroscopies measurements were carried out in closed micro-cavities (synthetic fluid inclusions), in function of the distance to the solid/liquid and liquid/vapor interfaces. They demonstrated that water properties are progressively disturbed on a distance from 1 to 3 μm. Close to the surface, the thermodynamic variation is beyond kJ/mol of water, and reflects an increasing of water activity. The driver of the so-called interphase, because of its thickness, involves the solid-aqueous solution surface tension and osmotic effects, related to a chemical stratification of the solution from the surface to the cavity center. From a thermodynamics point of view, confined water and water in the interphase appear more reactive than bulk water: these measurements offer perspectives for the solid-solution interaction interpretation in the natural media. Some applications of the observations are discussed
Moiré, Marie. „Etude des propriétés interfaciales eau/huile/tensioactifs par microfluidique : application à l'EOR chimique“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066715/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work on surfactant chemical EOR is to develop a microfluidic tensiometer allowing a continuous measurement of the interfacial tension (IFT) between crude oil and aqueous solutions. The developed tensiometer is based on a coaxial co-flow inside a capillary leading mainly to two regimes of flow: formation of a jet of one fluid in another one or formation of droplets created by the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. By using the model developed by Guillot et al. which describes the experimental transition between a droplet regime and a jet regime, it is possible calculate the IFT. In this work, the different flow regimes were studied in order to correlate the experimental and the theoretical transitions. Then, the limits of the microfluidics tensiometer were evaluated and the impact of the hypotheses of the model on the IFT measurement were analysed. Then, the method has been applied to various fluids covering an IFT range of more than four decades (25 to 2.10-2 mN/m). However, as the developed tensiometer is a dynamic tensiometer, a specific study of kinetic aspects have been performed in order to evaluate the impact on the IFT value. For rapid kinetics surfactants, we optimized a model EOR formulation by determining the salinity leading to the IFT minimum. This optimization was performed thanks to HTE. For slow kinetics system, a pre-conditionning method has been proposed in order to obtain the IFT
Alvarez, Gabriela. „Propriétés interfaciales des composés amphiphiles d'un brut lourd“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmulsions of heavy oil and water can be encountered at many stages during production, transportation and processing of crude oils and in many locations such as in hydrocarbon reservoirs, well bores, surface facilities, transportation systems and refineries. A good knowledge of petroleum emulsions is necessary for controlling and improving processes at all stages. The complexity of petroleum emulsions comes from the oil composition in terms of surface active molecules contained in the crude, such as asphaltenes, resins and naphthenic acids. We have performed a study of dynamic interfacial tension and rheology of interfaces between water and either crude oil diluted in toluene or a model oil consisting of toluene in which pentane extracted asphaltenes were re-dissolved. We show that the break point of the curve interfacial tension versus asphaltene concentration is related to the collapse of the asphaltenes surface layer. The behavior of diluted crude oil and model oil are quite similar. However, the surface layers evolve over longer timescales in the case of diluted crude oil, probably due to the contribution of resins. We have characterized the structure and conformation of the adsorbed layer, by means of small angle neutron scattering and UV-VIS spectrometry measurements, as well as the asphaltenes charge by zeta potential measurements, in order to study the influence of pH and the ionic force. We found that electrostatic repulsions between asphaltene aggregates play an important role on their adsorption at the water -oil interface, and on their conformational changes at the interfaces. The microscopic properties of the different interfaces and the stability of the corresponding emulsions are well correlated
Grzelka, Marion. „Mécanismes de frottement aux interfaces polymères liquides / solide : propriétés de glissement et structure interfaciale“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS551.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to identify the molecular mechanisms driving the friction of liquid polymers on a solid substrate.First, we studied the effect of the temperature T on the slippage properties of PDMS melts. Using a velocimetry technique based on photobleaching, we measured the temperature dependence of the slip length of PDMS and checked the validity of Navier’s hypothesis, which defines the friction coefficient k as the ratio between the bulk viscosity to the slip length. Far above the glass transition temperature, k(T) increases exponentially with 1/T, a result that we confirmed with an independent measurement of k for the friction of crosslinked PDMS lenses. The friction mechanism of melts is a thermally activated process. The comparison of the activation energies for the friction and for the viscosity allows one to predict if the slip length increases or deacreases with temperature.We then focused our work on the identification of the friction mechanisms of semi diluted polymer solutions. Based on slip experiments of PS in DEP solutions, we evidenced a transient onset of slippage regime. Considering the viscoelasticity of the fluid and its friction properties, we developed a mechanical model of friction of a Maxwell-like fluid that well describes our experimental data.In the stationary slippage regime, we studied the influence of the polymer volume fraction φ on the slippage of solutions of polymer. In the Newtonian regime, the measured scaling law for k φ as a function of the volume fraction highlights the dependence of the friction coefficient on the distance to the glass transition temperature of the solution. Thus, the friction of the PS in DEP solutions can be attributed to the friction of blobs on the surface, rather than to the existence of a depletion layer.We directly observed the solid / polymer solution interface thanks to neutron reflectivity: these experiments reveal the formation of an adsorbed polymer layer and we could measure its concentration profile close to the solid wall. The interdigitation between volume and surface polymer chains plays a key role in the slippage of the solutions
Qi, Bing. „Influence de l'endommagement sur les propriétés d'élasticité de matériaux modèles : approche numérique et expérimentale“. Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a2376b23-0b15-49bd-af65-42a34ea63047/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4045.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of the thesis is to study the damage of heterogeneous model materials. In the experimental part, different biphased model materials have been fabricated. Damage occurs in these materials due to differential thermal expansion between the phases. The evolution of Young's modulus of these materials during a thermal cycle E=f(T) has been measured by ultrasonic technique, which shows also the evolution of damage in materials. In the numerical part, the simulation of the damage evolution has been carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS. Two methods have been used and compared for modelling cracks opening and closure. Different numerical models including single- and multi-inclusions with specific boundary conditions have also been developed. The numerical results have provided a fairly good correlation towards the experimental results
Pinaud, Florent. „Etude des propriétés interfaciales et luminescentes de microgels stimulables“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0096/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicrogels are colloidal particles made of cross-linked polymer swollen by a solvent. Soft and porous, they can adapt their swelling degree in response to a stimulus. The main objective of this work is to develop new concepts taking advantage of microgels’ stimuli-responsive properties and intrinsicsoftness while deepening understanding of their properties in solution and at interfaces. Poly(Nalkylacrylamide) microgels are used as a model. Initially our work focused on the study of a new type of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) microgels thanks to the incorporation of a ruthenium complex in the polymer matrix. At the volume phase transition, these microgels exhibit an amplification of the ECL intensity up to 2 orders of magnitude, related to the decrease of the distance between redox sites. This concept is then transposed to saccharides-sensitive microgels and systems bearing two luminophores, an ECL donor and an energy acceptor in order to give rise to resonance energy transfer. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to adsorption of microgels at a planar liquid-liquid interface, to improve knowledge on the origin of the stability of emulsions stabilized by such objects. Such as flexible proteins, microgels can change their conformation at the interface, from an extended to a compressed state, causing variation in the interfacial elasticity. When microgels are adsorbed they can also be functionalized regioselectively in water to produce non-symmetrical microgels, called Janus, able to self-assemble
Chatenay, Didier. „Diffusion, solubilisation et propriétés interfaciales dans les solutions isotropes d'amphiphiles“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011858.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLara, Garcia Alejandra. „Optimisation de l'adhésion interfaciale dans l'impression 3D multi-polymère pour améliorer les propriétés mécaniques des structures spatialement amorties“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolutions for improving multi-polymer FFF interlayer adhesion between PLA and a TPC were studied. Two solutions were proposed: (i) the use of adhesion promoter additives and (ii) the synthesis of copolymers incorporating PLA as building blocks. In the first one, different biosourced additives were individually incorporated into the formulation of the TPC. Filament fabrication conditions were optimized to achieve filaments with no defects and a constant diameter. Evaluation of adhesion was done using a modified version of the T-peel test. Only 2-hydroxyethyl starch presented the highest adhesion enhancement with low variabilities. Findings demonstrate the strategic potential of using modified biosourced additives to boost interfacial adhesion between two incompatible polymers. Furthermore, this formulation did not change the vibration-damping and filtering behavior of the TPC. Therefore, it was possible to print a prototype of protective equipment combining a PLA and the formulated TPC, such as a knee pad, using a multi-polymer FFF. The second solution refers to the synthesis through transesterification reactions of PLA and PBT new multiblock copolymers with a reactive extrusion process. Different experiments were done to optimize the transesterification's conditions. Although FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC and DMA results evidence the presence of the copolymer in small amounts, material had low printability presenting layer delamination. Therefore, the evaluation of adhesion was not achieved with this material
Guinard, Caroline. „Influence des propriétés morphologiques et mécaniques des barrières thermiques sur la fissuration interfaciale induite par perçage laser impulsionnel“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM068/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany aircraft engines parts such as combustion chambers are drilled with numerous cooling holes. These holes, generally performed by a high power laser machine can induce damages in the part materials. On thermal barrier coatings systems, cracking can lead to spalling of the coating occurs at the ceramic / bond-coat layer interface during laser drilling. This thesis presents elements of understanding of the interfacial crack formation end propagation phenomena. In this purpose, a specific protocol was used, consisting of interrupted drilling process. Moreover, in order to understand the influence of the bond coat and the ceramic / bond coat interface on cracking, a wide range of samples with specific morphological and mechanical properties were selected. With this in mind, the bond coat was modified by varying spraying parameters, spraying process and also by post treatments on the bond coat. The link between these interfaces and the associated damages due to laser drilling are presented through 2D and 3D observations, destructive and non-destructive, as well as the study of residual stress modification before and after laser drilling for several thermal barrier coatings systems. For further reducing the interfacial crack, several drilling strategies are considered through the laser peak power variation between the different laser pulses needed to drill through the multi-layer material. The results offer interesting perspectives for improving crack resistance of aeronautical engines parts
Nottez, Mélanie. „Développement de films d’emballage alimentaire à haute teneur en matières thermoplastiques à base d’amidon“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is the development of food packaging films with a high concentration of biobased raw materials, and the optimization of the usual properties. The addition of G1, basic grade of the starch grafted polyolefin, significantly deteriorates the optical properties together with the tear strength of the obtained films. The interfacial adhesion LDPE / G1 is insufficient for a use in the field of food packaging, because of an incompatibility between LDPE and the PP part of the starch grafted polyolefin. Some improvements of this adhesion are observed, in particular by increasing the extrusion temperature of G1, the temperature of the die, or by the modification of the bio-based resin. The interfacial adhesion PEgMA / G1 is also relatively low, for the same reasons as mentioned above. The replacement of PEgMA by PPgMA provides excellent adhesion at the interface without deteriorating the adhesion between the binder and EVOH. Finally, the study of the fracture behavior of the films made from three grades of the starch grafted polyolefin is produced by the method of essential work of fracture. An increase of 85 % of the toughness is observed, between the base grade and the highest modified grade. This difference can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight induced by the modification of bio-based resin. In addition, the digital image correlation provides access to local deformations of the double notched specimens. It also serves to show the symmetry of all the specimens. By following the ligament size over time, it is shown that the crack starts growing at 95% of the maximum force, showing a complete plasticization ligament before the crack growth
Quintero, Carlos Gerardo. „Comportement rhéologique et propriétés interfaciales des systèmes émulsionnés d'intérêt industriel : cas des émulsions pétrolières E/H“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRheological properties of crude oil-in-water emulsions studied, as well as the properties of the interface. Viscoelastic, plastic and flow behavior was studied. Viscosity as a function of phase ratio provides an exponential trend (Richardson’s Law). Crude oil has a very different rheological behaviour at temperatures upper or lower than 23°C, corresponding to paraffin’s precipitation point. The properties of concentrated emulsions can be modeled according Princen’s theories. The rheological behavior of the interface was characterized through measurements of the viscoelastic properties, using a drop oscillating rheometer. It was verified the formation of a gel at the interface according to the Law of Winter and Chambon. The crude oil composition and the volume fraction of the dispersed phase are very important factors to describe the rheological properties of these emulsions
Knorst-Fouran, Auriane. „Contribution à l'étude de propriétés interfaciales d'alcanes confinés par simulation moléculaire de type Monte Carlo“. Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596401.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChalbaud, Carlos. „Propriétés interfaciales du CO2 : application aux écoulements en milieu poreux en pression et température“. Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCosta, Séverine. „Rhéologie multiéchelle des mousses liquides“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharfeddine, Ilhem. „Prévision de la morphologie de mélanges de polyoléfines par un modèle micro-rhéologique : Application à des propriétés d'usage“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor a long time, the control of the development of polymer blend morphology during processing has received attention because of its great impact on the mechanical, barrier or electrical properties. Polymer blend morphologies can be divided into two groups, dispersed and co-continuous, and they depend on the composition, the rheological behavior of components, the mixing conditions and the interfacial tension.In this study, a predictive model of the type of morphology has been proposed on the basis of topological representations of co-continuous or dispersed phases using a scenario for the morphology development in blends of polyolefin.Relevant parameters of the model were measured. The interfacial tension was measured by rheological methods using the Palierne model, Gramespacher and Meissner approach and ab-initio calculation. The shear rate in the extruder was determined using the Ludovic software. Rheological studies were conducted in oscillatory shear flow. The predictions were compared with experimental results of various polyethylene and polypropylene blends at different compositions, prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Blends were carefully examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using staining agent to enhance electron density contrast. The characteristic dimensions and interfacial areas as a function of the composition were calculated.The experimental results on the various blends show a good correlation between the interfacial areas, the melt elasticity measured at low frequency and the model prediction. The comparison shows also that Rayleigh disturbances dominate the breakup mechanism.This model was completed by predictive models of mechanical properties: modulus and impact resistance. The mechanical properties calculated by the models were compared to the measurements of tensile and Charpy impact tests. Finally, the effect of the interparticle distance on the impact resistance was also investigated to understand the brittle-tough transition
Ragoubi, Mohamed. „Contribution à l'amélioration de la compatiblilité interfaciale fibres naturelles/matrice thermoplastique via un traitement sous décharge couronne“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10135/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe field of composites materials shows increasing use of biodegradable matrices and / or natural reinforcements from renewable resources. Nevertheless, a compatibilization step between fiber and matrix is necessary. In this PhD study, we have explored a physical method: corona treatment. Its impact on the physicochemical properties of different fibres has been studied by XPS, contact angle measurement and SEM. It appears that it mainly involves surface oxidation and roughness increase. We have also evaluated the mechanical behaviour of composites, prepared by extrusion from hemp or miscanthus fibres and polypropylene (PP) or polylactic acid (PLA) matrices. The incorporation of raw reinforcements increases the stiffness and the stress transfer. Composites based on treated fibres show better mechanical performances, resulting from an enhanced mechanical anchorage. The optimum values are obtained for 20% (wt) fibres content. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of composites have been characterized by TGA, DMA and DSC. The thermal stability of materials is reduced after incorporation of raw reinforcements but very much improved (+ 15 - 20 ° C) after treatment of fibres. Under certain conditions, the fibres act as nucleating agents that affect the crystallization process and crystallinity rate. The corona treatment of fibres does not delay the degradation of materials during an accelerated aging in humid environment and the evolution of the thermomechanical properties is more pronounced for PLA based materials because of its hydrophilic character
Samet, Mariem. „Étude théorique et expérimentale des effets de la polarisation interfaciale dans les spectres diélectrique des matériaux composites multiphasiques“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10134.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is significant in that it not only develops a generalized approach for modeling the electrical properties of multiphase composite materials but also introduces novel experimental applications in the domain of dielectric properties of composite materials. In order to get complete information: numerical simulations, analytical calculations and dielectric measurements by means of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) were carried out in this study. First, we derived the scaling laws through a systematically study of global dielectric response of composite materials with different morphology and the original contribution of this thesis is to succeed to derive a universal scaling laws for the global dielectric response of composite materials. Based on these scaling laws three achievements are taken place: designing layered polymer materials with high values of permittivity and low dielectric losses, by adjusting the values of conductivity and the volume fraction of the constituent phases. Also, we discover a new discrimination criterion for electrical polarizations at external and internal interfaces: electrode polarization vs. (MWS) interfacial polarization effects in dielectric spectra of materials. This work opens the general perspective of finding discrimination criteria for different types of electrical polarization, which will represent a useful tool in disseminating the nature of different contributions appearing in the dielectric spectra of materials. Based on our analysis, we derive a new formula. This formula is valid for both electrode polarization and interfacial polarization effects. It allows one to determine the conductivity value from the frequency position of the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars peak. Measurements of the conductivity values of samples without a direct contact are done. An excellent agreement between experiment and calculations is obtained. This results offer the opportunity to develop a new coupled electrical-mechanical approach, by electrical measurements performed during mechanical stretching
Ellouze, Maroua. „Les propriétés émulsifiantes du lait de chamelle et de ses fractions protéiques : étude physico-chimique et biochimique“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe emulsifying and interfacial properties of camel milk proteins were studied alone, in mixture or in their natural environment (in serum whey, as caseinates or directly in camel milk). The impact of certain physico-chemical conditions was studied, the impact of pH, heat treatment, concentration and homogenization at high pressures. This study was carried out in parallel on cow's milk, under identical conditions. The main results suggest that camel milk is more emulsifying than cow's milk regardless of the processing temperature, however, the stability of emulsions prepared by cow's milk is more important. The homogenizing effect at high pressures allows very stable emulsions compared to cow's milk. The effect of pH and temperature on the caseinic and serum fractions of camel milk is very significant on their behaviour at the oil-water interface and their ability to create emulsions. The coating of oil droplets by sodium caseinates protein of camel milk increases with incrising pH (from 3.0 to 9.0) regardless of the heat treatment (between 25°C and 95°C). This behaviour is the result of denaturation and loss of the micellar structure of sodium caseins at the oil-water interface, thus facilitating their adhesions and adsorption at the interface. However, the whey fraction of camel milk expressed significant emulsifying activity at acid pH as opposed to the sodium caseinate fraction and better emulsifying stability of the created oil droplets. Camel milk whey proteins are found to be less sensitive to the effect of temperature in emulsion creation than bovine milk whey (richer in β-lactoglobulin which are more sensitive to heat treatment). These aspects are due to the small molecular size of serum proteins relative to casein size, which allows them to adsorb quickly and efficiently at the interface of oil droplets and form a stable viscoelastic film all around which suggest that camel milk is more emulsifying active than cow's milk regardless of the processing temperature, however, the stability of emulsions prepared by cow's milk is found to be more important. The homogenizing effect at high pressures allows very stable emulsions compared to cow's milk. The main factor governing the stability of camel milk α-lactalbumin emulsions is its conformational flexibility at the oil-water interface. Structural rearrangements of camel milk α-lactalbumin as well as electrostatic repulsions between oil droplets stabilized by these proteins are the two key factors to explain the effect of pH variation and heat treatment. The surface properties of α-lactalbumin from camel milk are significantly improved after high heat treatments (95°C) which maintain potential emulsifying properties. As for the purified β-casein, its emulsifying activity is more important for camel milk than cow's milk. A micellar structure of caseins is formed from the critical micellar concentration (CMC) which maintains a compact structure close to pH 6.0 and is released at alkaline pH where electrostatic forces are at their highest. This induced a high stability of emulsions at pH 9.0 as well as a better emulsifying activity of β-caseins. The rheological behaviour of emulsions is non-Newtonian where viscosity is higher at low shear rates which depends strongly on the applied pH. Thus, stabilized emulsions at acid pH are the most viscous regardless of the heat treatment temperature applied for most of the studied fractions. This is mainly due to hydrophobic interactions between proteins of the different fractions and to high cohesion forces between larger droplets. However, the viscosity of emulsions stabilized by the protein fractions of cow's milk is often more viscous than camel milk as a result of their higher emulsifying stability. (...)
Silva, Vasquez Katherine Lilian. „Étude par la technique d'indentation interfaciale de l'adhérence de revêtements à base Ni et WC-Co déposés par projection thermique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10088/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdhesion of a coating on its substrate is an important property for the use of coated materials. That is why many techniques were developed with the aim of determining this property. We use here the interfacial indentation test which makes it possible to adequately represent the rupture at the interface. One uses the load minimum necessary to create a crack at the interface to calculate the apparent toughness which represents the adhesion of the coating. ln this work, we study two coatings of NiCrSiFeBC and WC-10Co-4Cr deposited by HVOF on a steel substrate SAE 1045. The conditions of deposition are chosen to obtain various thicknesses of coating and two levels of roughness of the interface. We observed a complex mode of cracking around the indent since a network of secondary cracks appeared in the coating and along certain unmelted particles of the coating. To take into account the global mode of cracking, we introduce aIl the crack lengths into the calcuJation of the interfacial toughness. The results show that the influence of the roughness of the substrate led to various mechanical behaviors. Indeed, for the highest roughness, we obtained the best mechanical interlocking of the coating on the substrate. On another side, the thickness has apparently a weak influence on the toughness, in any case for the studied materials, this being probably related to the low level of residual stresses in the vicinity of the interfacial indent. ln conclusion, the indentation test shows once again its aptitude to study the adhesion of a coating/substrate couple
Galliéro, Guillaume. „Simulation moléculaire des propriétés thermophysiques et du comportement de fluides modèles.Application aux problèmes d'intérêt pétrolier“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes premiers travaux réalisés ont porté essentiellement sur la simulation numérique de la DM appliquée à l'étude de la thermodiffusion, ou effet Soret, en fluide libre et en milieu poreux. De ce travail est notamment ressortit que le confinement géométrique n'affecte pas le facteur de thermodiffusion et que l'effet Soret dans les mélanges d'alcanes est principalement du à un effet de masse.
Dans l'optique mentionnée dans l'introduction, trois thèmes ont été ensuite abordés. Deux thèmes ont trait à la dynamique moléculaire classique, l'un concernant l'influence de la description des interactions sur les propriétés thermophysiques dans les fluides et l'autre la simulation/modélisation de propriétés de transport du fluide de Lennard-Jones et son application aux corps réels. En particulier il a été montré qu'un état correspondant existait entre les potentiels de type Mie et Exponentiel au niveau des propriétés de transport et que Lennard-Jones (LJ) était un bon compromis pour les corps simples. De même ont été développées des corrélations basées sur le fluide de LJ permettant d'estimer les propriétés de transport. Cette approche s'est avérée particulièrement efficace quant à l'estimation de la viscosité des gaz acides (H2S, CO2). Le troisième thème concerne la modélisation macroscopique de la dynamique de fluides multiconstituants en milieux poreux pour lequel une approche de type équation Darcy généralisée par espèce a été proposée.
Les activités en cours concernent la prédiction/modélisation de fluides plus complexes avec ou sans interfaces mais également des aspects liés aux simulations multi-échelles/multi-physiques au travers d'un couplage direct entre mécanique des fluides numérique et DM. En particulier à été proposée une approche permettant l'étude de la thermogravitation dans les gisements par simulation moléculaire.
Amin-Alami, Fadel Amal. „Propriétés interfaciales de tensioactifs zwitterioniques“. Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuan, Yan. „Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for Co based transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS416.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of efficient electrocatalysts to lower the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of fundamental importance in improving the overall efficiency of fuel production by water electrolysis. Among a plethora of catalysts being studied on, transition metal oxides / hydroxides that exhibit reasonable activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte have been identified as catalysts to potentially overpass the activity of expensive Ir- and Ru- based oxides. Understanding the OER for transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes paves the way for better design of low cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts. This dissertation, with three different work on Co-based oxides / hydroxides, studies and deepens the understanding of the bulk properties, surface properties of materials and interfacial properties on OER. Firstly, with Fe substitution, it addresses tuning the eg configuration of metal cations in LaCoO3 where adjusting the metal 3d oxygen 2p covalency can bring benefits to the OER performance. Secondly, with Ni substitution in ZnCo2O4, it demonstrates a change in relative position of O p-band and MOh d-band centre which induces a change in stability as well as the possibility for lattice oxygen to participate in the OER. Finally, with La1-xSrxCoO3 series, CoOOH and Fe-containing CoOOH as examples, the impact of the electrolyte has been explored by the study of reaction kinetics parameters. With a better understanding of how material properties and dynamic environment influence the OER activity and mechanism, we can obtain more efficient OER catalysts for better energy infrastructure
Dauphas, Stéphanie. „Propriétés interfaciales d'assemblages protéique et lipoprotéique“. Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn food emulsions, milk caseins and egg yolk LDL, protein and lipoprotein assemblies are the most used emulsifiers. Their organisation influences their interfacial properties. The different -casein assemblies, LDL, and their component have been deposed at the air-water interface to characterise their spreading, structure and interfacial rheology. The colloidal stability of -casein emulsions and native LDL was studied too. -caseins spread at the air-water interface whatever their structure in solution. The LDL components form lipid-protein complexes that depend on surface pressure and pH of the film. The flocculation of LDL depends on charge variations of their components, those of -casein emulsions depends on non adsorbed fraction. The weak energy interactions, that stabilise our protein or lipoprotein assemblies, in solution, lead to large reorganisations at the interfac
Dika, Timbo Christelle. „Propriétés interfaciales des virus, concept de particules molles multicouches, corrélation avec les capacités d'adhésion“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to characterize the interfacial properties of phages using the soft multilayer particles concept in order to interrelate appropriately their reactivity and their physico-chemical features. It was demonstrated that the RNA inside the capsid do have a major impact on the physico-chemical properties of the virus, in particular its electrophoretic mobility. We further compared electrohydrodynamic features of MS2 phage with those of the corresponding VLPs (virus particles without RNA). In line with theoretical predictions based on the soft particles concept, it is shown that MS2 are more negative than VLPs. The aggregation profiles of both particles significantly differ demonstrating the major influence of the genome on stability of viral suspensions. We then analyzed the influence of the virus purification method on the observed differences in terms of stability and electrohydrodynamics. We also studied the interfacial properties of phages exhibiting similar structures. It appeared that the phages display similar electrostatic charge while their hydrophobicity degree follows the sequence MS2
Lajnaf, Roua. „Propriétés techno-fonctionnelles du lait de dromadaire“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCamel milk proteins isolates, prior to foaming properties, were studied as a function of pH and temperature of heat treatment. The purity of the extracted camel α-lactalbumin (α-La) and β-casein was estimated by combining different analytical methods such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.The increased temperature treatment changed the foaming properties of camel α-La solution and its ability to unfold at the air/water interface. At neutral pH, heat treatment was found to improve foamability, whereas at acid pH (4.3) this property decreased. Heat treatment caused changes in α-La surface charge and free thiol group concentration, which confirmed the pronounced aggregation of heated camel α-La solution. Otherwise, the foaming and interfacial properties of extracted bovine and camel β-casein showed that at neutral pH, maximum of foam volume was achieved by both camel and bovine β-caseins. This property decreased at acid pH because of the casein precipitation and the lower surface protein coverage. Findings indicated also that varying pH affected the physicochemical properties of the bovine and camel β-casein solutions by decreasing the surface negative charge and intrinsic fluorescence. These results were more pronounced on the bovine β-casein suggesting a higher acid-sensitivity of this protein when compared to its camel counterpart.The second part of this work investigated the foaming and adsorption behavior of camel proteins mixed systems compared to bovine systems including whey fraction, sodium caseinates (Na-cas) and α-La/β-casein mixed systems at different ratios. The results showed that, acid wheys gave better foams when compared to sweet whey for both milks, with higher values for the camel whey. This behavior was explained by the proximity of the isoelectric point (pI) of whey proteins (4.9–5.2), where proteins were found to carry the lowest negative charge as confirmed by the zeta potential measurements. Unlike whey fraction, camel and bovine Na-cas exhibited lowest foaming and interfacial properties near its pI because of the casein precipitation. Whereas, created foams were more stable at pH 5 than at pH 7 especially after a heat treatment. The heat treatment of 70 °C and 90 °C during 30 min affected also the physicochemical properties of the bovine and camel Na-cas by decreasing intrinsic fluorescence confirming also the pronounced caseins precipitation at pH 5 where caseins were found to carry the lowest negative charge as found by the zeta potential measurementsMixed solutions of the two isolated camel proteins (α-La and β-casein) at different ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100) give more foam with a higher β-casein amount in all camel and bovine mixtures. Good correlation was observed with the adsorption and the interfacial rheological properties of camel and bovine protein mixtures. Thus, the proteins adsorbed layers are mainly affected by the presence of β-casein molecules, which are suggested to be probably the most abundant protein at interface and the most efficient in reducing the interfacial properties. Whereas, globular proteins such as α-La and β-Lg are involved in the protein layer composition but could not compact well at the interface to ensure foams creation and stabilization because of their rigid molecular structure.This work therefore suggests new alternatives for the production of foam from proteins derived from dromedary milk, a dairy product characterized both by a high biological value but also by interesting functional properties of its proteins, in particular their surfactant power
Aphibanthammakit, Chutima. „Propriétés interfaciales et émulsifiantes de gomme d'Acacia senegal, Acacia seyal et de leurs fractions“. Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcacia gums (AG, E414 EC) are widely used for its stabilizing, emulsifying and film-forming properties. The aim of this project is to characterize the interfacial and emulsifying properties of Acacia gums. The main results from liquid-liquid interfacial properties study confirmed that A. senegal showed a faster decrease of interfacial tension and a more rapid interfacial film formation. These were in agreement to its greater content of high molar mass-protein AGPs content, the more accessibility of proteinaceous moieties, and the higher molecular flexibility compared to A. seyal. In the same vein, these biochemical and structural advantages of A. senegal were found to be involved in the emulsifying properties of gums. The results from an innovative approach aiming to control high molar mass protein-rich AGPs content in bulk and the total concentration of gum by mixing two well characterised fractions isolated from A. senegal confirmed the functional synergism between the amount of high molar mass protein-rich AGPs and the total gum concentration. Moreover, in the presence of high molar mass protein-rich AGPs in high amount, the emulsion became stable to flocculation/coalescence due to the great protein content allowing electrostatic repulsion between droplets and the high bulk apparent viscosity. These were in agreement when the emulsifying properties of A. senegal and A. seyal were compared. Indeed, A. senegal containing a greater amount of high molar mass protein rich AGPs and uronic acids and its dispersion having a higher apparent viscosity than A. seyal allowing the former to form emulsion with a more stability. Besides, when Acacia gums were used in the form of dried film, the great content of high molar mass protein-rich AGPs and the good accessibility of proteinaceous moieties of A. senegal allowed the smooth homogeneous surface with a hydrophobic characteristic properties of A. senegal dried films. In contrast, A. seyal films was irregular and composed of a repetitive organization as numerous large particle uniformly distributed on surface in the relation to the low degree of branching, high arabinose content favoring intra and inter molecular hydrogen bonding and high hydration ability causing aggregation of polysaccharide chains of A. seyal. According to the results, this thesis brings new knowledge of the relationship between biochemical composition, structural and physicochemical properties, for the first time, across both aspects of gum, i.e. in the form of liquid dispersion and dried films.Keywords: Acacia gums, interfacial and emulsifying properties, arabinogalactan proteins, aroma compounds
Dallay, Charlotte. „Cοmprendre le cοmpοrtement de mοlécules parfumantes au sein d'émulsiοns cοsmétiques pοur cοntrôler les fοrmules de demain“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMLH16.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFragrance is an essential ingredient in cosmetics, influencing the purchase decision and the perception of products’ performance and sensory properties. It is generally a mix of dozens of individual fragrance molecules (FM), which are distributed between the different phases of the emulsions to which the fragrance is added, potentially altering the stability as well as the physicochemical and applicative properties of the systems. Despite the interest in studying the behaviour of FM in emulsions to optimise cosmetic formulations, there is currently little research on emulsions stabilized by liquid crystalline phases, although their use is very common in skincare products.This thesis therefore aims to remedy this lack of information. The objective is to study fragrance-matrix interactions, in order to understand the effect of FM on the properties of cosmetic emulsions. To this end, solutions of FM in water and oil phases were studied in order to understand their behaviour in emulsion. Then, fifteen oil-in-water (O/W) lamellar emulsions of varying composition (percentage and nature of FM and oil phases introduced) were formulated, according to a controlled protocol. The microstructure, as well as the rheological, sensory and textural profiles of emulsions, were then characterised to study the effect of FM on these properties.The results of this work highlighted the importance of the phase behaviour of FM on their interactions with the other ingredients of the matrix, which govern their location in the emulsified system and their impact on the physicochemical properties. FM had a significant impact on the microstructure, viscoelastic properties, texture, consistency and spreading difficulty of emulsions on the skin
Guillot, Samuel. „Structures d'agrégations et propriétés interfaciales de la méthylcellulose“. Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066435.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoiteau-Auvray, Sophie. „Quels sont les enjeux d'une barrière de diffusion de carbure de titane entre le tungstène et le carbure de silicium, sur l'élaboration par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur, et sur les propriétés mécaniques du renfort filamentaire de SiC ?“ Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoiteau-Auvray, Sophie. „Quels sont les enjeux d'une barrière de diffusion de carbure de titane entre le tungstène et le carbure de silicium, sur l'élaboration par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur, et sur les propriétés mécaniques du renfort filamentaire de SiC ?“ Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10687.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegros, Anne. „Etude des propriétés interfaciales entre polypropylène fonctionnalisé et substrat d'acier“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRogier, Benoît. „Couches minces de zircone sur polymères : propriétés adhésives et interfaciales“. Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Floch-Fouéré Cécile. „Comportement interfacial et propriétés moussantes de protéines de blanc d’œuf“. Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEgg albumen proteins are used in numerous food formulations owing to their excellent functional properties, notably foaming properties. Mechanical and optic measurements allow to study the foams formation’s mechanisms by being based on the interfacial properties of these egg white proteins. The studies have been performed at the air/water interface thanks to suitable techniques and measures of foaming properties. Different mixtures of ovalbumin and lysozyme at a total protein concentration of 10 g·l-1 show that there is a synergy in the interfacial adsorption between the two proteins. Further to these experiments, the specific study of equimolar ratio by sequential adsorption allowed to suggest the existence of a stratified organization of both proteins in mixtures with ovalbumin for the closest layer to interface and lysozyme which is located just under this ovalbumin’s film forming multilayers
Shah, Virenkumar. „Propriétés interfaciales contrôlant la sécurité du stockage géologique des gaz acides“. Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcid gas geological storage is a process under which acid gas (CO2, H2S) is injected in a geological formation and thus stored away from the atmosphere for a long time (hundreds of years). It is a promising process to reduce CO2 atmospheric emissions and an alternative to the transformation of H2S into sulphur by the Claus process. In this process, the acid gas buoyantly rises to the top of the formation and accumulates beneath the caprock, a low permeable medium imbibed with water. This thesis investigates the interfacial properties involved in capillary failure of the caprock: water/acid gas interfacial tension (IFT) and caprock’s water-wettability. It presents the first ever systematic IFT and contact angle measurements under storage conditions (up to 150 bar and 120°C) with H2S-rich acid gases, as well as a model to predict IFTs between water and non-polar or slightly-polar compounds. Water/H2S IFT decreases with increasing pressure and levels off at around 9-10 mN/m at high pressure and temperature (T ≥ 70°C, P > 120 bar). However, wettability alteration due to the presence of dense acid gas is limited in the case of natural and model substrates typically present in the caprock, except in the case of mica, which exhibits pronounced alteration in the presence of H2S. These properties have a strong impact on various quantities of practical interest in geological storage, such as the maximum injection and storage pressure and potential storage capacity of a given formation. These quantities are significantly lowered in the case of H2S-rich gas as compared to CH4 and even CO2; they should be carefully determined when planning an acid gas geological storage operation
Chatenay, Didier. „Diffusion, solubilisation et propriétés interfaciaux dans les solutions isotropes d'amphiphiles“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112297.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrouette, Nicolas. „Influence des propriétés interfaciales de couches organiques sur l'adsorption de protéines globulaires“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209645.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'adsorption de myoglobine deutérée sur des monocouches hydrophobes d'OTS et de PS a été étudiée par réflectivité de neutrons pour des solutions de protéines de différentes concentrations (de 1 mg/ml à 0.01 mg/ml). A basse concentration, les protéines adsorbées se dénaturent et s'étalent sur le substrat hydrophobe et l'adsorption résulte en une fine couche dense en protéines. Sur le PS, les protéines s'étalent moins, ce qui est en accord avec la moindre hydrophobicité du PS. A haute concentration, une couche supplémentaire peu dénaturée est observée au-dessus de la première couche.
La cinétique d'adsorption primaire de HSA a été étudiée par ellipsométrie sur des brosses de PEG (Mw = 35700 Da) de différentes densités de greffage. Les résultats confirment que les brosses de PEG répriment l'adsorption de protéines. En outre, l'adsorption est très rapide sur le PS, tandis que sur les brosses, l'adsorption est plus lente. Le comportement à temps long de la quantité adsorbée Γ en fonction de la densité de greffage σ est en accord semi-quantitatif avec une théorie développée par Halperin et basée sur les différentes contributions à l'énergie libre d'une protéine adsorbée. Il a également été mis en évidence un régime pour lequel le taux d'adsorption dΓ/dt décroît exponentiellement avec la quantité de protéines adsorbées Γ.
L'adsorption de protéines (lysozyme, HSA et myoglobine) a ensuite été étudiée sur des brosses de PNIPAM en fonction des paramètres de la brosse et de la température. Les brosses ont été greffées par ATRP à partir d'une monocouche d'OEG (oligo éthylène glycol) silanisé contenant du brome comme initiateur. Il a été montré que l'adsorption primaire sur la surface de greffage est inférieure à 0.1 mg/m^2 et que l'adsorption ternaire dans la brosse, en dessous et au-dessus de la LCST, ne dépasse pas 1 mg/m^2 (~ 2% de fraction volumique en protéines). La résistance à l'adsorption a été associée à la présence d'une région hydrophile superficielle qui pourrait présenter une barrière cinétique à l'adsorption des protéines dans le cœur moins polaire de la brosse.
L'ensemble de ces résultats montre que les propriétés interfaciales du substrat jouent un rôle crucial dans les processus d'adsorption des protéines.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Perrier-Cornet, Romain. „Précipitation de particules polymères réticulées : applications comme supports fonctionnels et propriétés interfaciales“. Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13603.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFameau, Anne-Laure. „Assemblages d'acides gras : du volume aux interfaces“. Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is part of the general understanding of the impact of the structure of a supramolecular assembly in solution on the interfacial and foaming properties. In the current context of sustainable development, we decided to choose as a model system assemblies produced from long fatty acids chain and hydroxylated derivatives, which are biomolecules from plant origin rarely used. First, a study was conducted in bulk, at the air/water interface and in foam, using tubes made of 12-hydroxystearic acid which exhibit a temperature tunable diameter. The tubes properties in bulk vary with the physic-chemical parameters. In addition, they adsorb at the air/water interface, with a similar behavior than for tubes in bulk upon heating. Very stable foams are obtained from this assembly. It is possible to modulate the foam stability by adjusting the temperature by modifying the structure of the assembly in situ in the Plateau border. It has been shown that the structure in bulk governs the interfacial properties and thus the control of the foaming properties was possible. Then, to obtain other information about the link between the structure of assemblies in bulk with the emulsifying and foaming properties, a study involving other assemblies has been initiated. Thus, it has been shown that for a given assembly, the foaming and emulsifying properties depend on the nature of the fatty acid
He, Yunfei. „Étude sur les propriétés interfaciales de tensioactifs et de leurs interactions avec l'ADN“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00852186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoebler-Poteau, Sandrine. „Relations entre les propriétés interfaciales et la stabilité des émulsions de brut lourd“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLanglet, Jérémie. „Propriétés interfaciales des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques : Implications lors des processus d’adhésion – agrégation“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10131/document.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellethesis
Le, Follotec Amandine. „Déstabilisation des émulsions pétrolières par des polymères triblocs siliconés : relation structure - propriétés interfaciales“. Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1817.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWater-in-crude oil emulsions are often formed during crude oil exploitation. For oil refining purpose, chemical demulsifiers are commonly used. In this work, five triblock silicone copolymers with various demulsifying capacities are studied. Results obtained at plane interfaces such as air-water and oil-water do not allow clear distinction between the molecules. Study of curved interfaces reveals that efficient molecules which can destabilise water-in-crude-oil emulsions indeed stabilise oil-in-water emulsions. On the contrary, inefficient molecules stabilise water-in-oil emulsions. Spontaneous curvature of molecules has been investigated by Small Angle Scattering. The following interpretation is therefore envisaged: for two water drops to coalesce the oil lamella between them should break, i. E. Small but highly curved hole must nucleate in it. On the one hand, efficient molecules should favour the hole nucleation and favour the coalescence of water droplets in crude oil emulsions. On the other hand, inefficient molecules inhibit the hole formation and prevent the coalescence of water droplets
Salou, Martine. „ARelation entre la stabilité et les propriétés macroscopiques des émulsions de bitumes et les propriétés physico-chimiques et interfaciales des bitumes“. Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFadel, Ophélie. „Étude des propriétés interfaciales de polyphénols modèles : compréhension des mécanismes d'action au niveau membranaire“. Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOxidative stress in biological systems is controlled by the balance between pro- and antioxidants. The protective effect of antioxidant molecules is crucial to preserve the functions of biomolecules that can be degraded by an oxidative stress. DNA, proteins and lipids are the major targets. The protective efficiency of antioxidant may then depend on the oxidizable substrate and their cellular location : near areas where prooxidants are produced or near the biomolecular targets of oxidant attacks. Polyphenols are natural antioxidants commonly distributed in the plant-kingdom and our diet. Their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress constitutes an emerging field of research. We studied some polyphenols belonging to different classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans) to establish a relationship between structure, membrane insertion and antioxidant activity. To better understand their biological activity, we investigated the ability of polyphenols to interact with lipid membranes by using models such as liposomes and Langmuir monolayers. We highlighted the different parameters involved in their activity. Thanks to their structure, polyphenols scavenge free radicals efficiently. They are able to insert spontaneously into lipid vesicles. Thus, their location at the polar headgroups of phospholipids and their ability to increase lipid order in fluid phase would enable them to improve their efficacy. Furthermore, polyphenols would insert into biological membranes without altering their physicochemical properties and exhibit a greater affinity for unsaturated lipids, which are the targets of the oxydation. Finally, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols against lipid peroxidation would be explained by the activty of molecules found both in the membrane and in the external compartment
Mahmoudi, Najet. „Impact de la structure sur les propriétés interfaciales d'agrégats de protéines globulaires du lactosérum“. Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhey proteins are widely used in the food industry for their emulsifying and foaming properties. The thermo-mechanical treatment during processing leads to aggregate formation whose role in the stabilization of dispersed systems is still poorly understood. In the present work, whey protein isolates have been subjected to thermal treatments, with or without shearing, in order to generate different types of aggregates. We have shown by light scattering and small angle neutron scattering as well as by cryo-transmission electron microscopy that aggregates formed without mechanical treatment have a fractal structure. The size and the fractal dimension of these aggregates depend on the ionic force and the protein concentration for neutral pH. Under shear, spherical structures of nanometric size have been observed. With dynamic drop tensiometry, Langmuir film balance studies and AFM the air-water interfacial layers have been characterized for the different aggregates types. It could be shown that the tension and dilatational elasticity properties depend on the presence of isolated proteins as well as on the size of the objects and their internal cohesion
Tiss, Ali. „Les lipases pancréatique humaine et d'Humicola lanuginosa : Propriétés interfaciales et inhibition par la tétrahydrolipstatine“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGallant, Judith. „Spectroscopie et propriétés interfaciales du photosystème II en film monomoléculaire à l'interface air-eau“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6840/1/000642368.pdf.
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