Zeitschriftenartikel: „Property Segments“

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Goodman, S. L., C. Li, S. L. Cooper und R. M. Albrecht. „HVEM and high resolution SEM of polyurethane bulk and surface structure“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 936–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100106740.

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Segmented polyurethanes (PUs) are composed of alternating blocks of crystalline or glassy urethane “hard segments” and rubbery “soft segments.” Chemical incompatability between hard segment (HS) and soft segment (SS) blocks produces a two-phase structure, which accounts for the elastomeric properties of these polymer systems. Polyurethanes are prepared with different HS and SS components, and HS:SS ratios, for various applications. Knowledge of the 3D morphology is necessary to understand polyurethane structure-property relationships. Although conventional transmission electron microscopy can image some polyurethanes, high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) causes less radiation damage and images thicker samples at higher resolution, thus a sample region may be imaged at multiple tilt angles to provide 3D information. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) provides complementary information, and at low accelerating voltages (1-3 keV), images near surface structures.Polyurethanes were examined with hard segments of methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) and 2000 MW soft segments of polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO), polybutadiene (PBD) and polydimethysiloxane (PDMS).

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Rogério César dos Santos, Ana Clara Oliveira Comby und Ramires Vargas da Silva. „A Curious Property of Octagons“. Scientific Inquiry and Review 3, Nr. 2 (05.06.2019): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.32.01.

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The famous theorem of Van Aubel for quadrilaterals postulates that if squares are built externally on the sides of any quadrilateral, then the two segments that join the opposing centers of these squares are congruent and orthogonal. Inspired by this result and also by the results of Krishna, in this article we will prove the following result of plane geometry: each octagon is associated with a parallelogram, in some cases the parallelogram in question can be degenerate at a point or a segment. This is possible because of complex numbers and basics of analytical geometry.

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Minagawa, Keiji, Hirokazu Okamura, Seizo Masuda, Masami Tanaka, Naoto Gohko, Yuichi Masubuchi, Jun-Ichi Takimoto, Kiyohito Koyama und Takashi Uemura. „Preparation and Property of Model Homogeneous ER Fluids Having Urethane Groups“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, Nr. 14n16 (30.06.1999): 1998–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929900206x.

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Urethane modified polyether liquids composed of hard and soft segments exhibit either positive or negative ER effect depending on the structure. Here some model compounds of the urethane polymers were synthesized, and the influence of chemical structure, e.g. displacement of hard and soft segments and existence of branches, on the ER effect was studied. It was found that negative ER effect is enhanced by introducing a branched structure in the polyether main-chain or a hard segment at center of the linear polyether.

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Quan, Heng, und Zhen Ya Gu. „Study on the Influences of Domain Structure of Hydrophilic Polyurethane with Partially Crystalline on its Moisture Permeability“. Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (Mai 2011): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.281.

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Multiphase, segmented polyurethanes with mixed soft segment phase were prepared from 4,4’- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Pure MDI), polybutylene adipate (glycol) 2000 (PBA2000) and polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000) with 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the chain extender. Further more, the relationships between domain separation structure, crystallizability of soft segment and moisture permeability, hydrophilic property, phase inversion temperature (PIT) of the polyurethanes were investigated. The studies show that the chemical structure, concentration of hydrophilic soft monomers and the microphase separation degree of the mixed soft segments from hard segment domain have remarkable effects on the application properties of polyurethane.

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May, Ken. „75.48 A Surprising Property of Parabolic Segments“. Mathematical Gazette 75, Nr. 474 (Dezember 1991): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3618634.

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Wu, Rui, Xuke Zhang, Huabin Shao, Qingping Luo, Jun Yang und Diping Xu. „Characterization of influenza A virus with nine segments: Effect gene segment on virus property“. Research in Veterinary Science 93, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2012): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.12.020.

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Chang, Chih-Yuan, und Wei-Ru Chen. „Influence of processing variables on quality of unsaturated polyester/E-glass fiber composites manufactured by double-bag progressive compression method“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, Nr. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018798531.

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A hybrid process of articulated resin transfer molding and vacuum-assisted resin infusion, called double-bag progressive compression method, has been invented to fabricate composite parts. In double-bag progressive compression method, the secondary bag is divided into several segments. During resin infusion, the double bag is drawn upward by vacuum, and the initial flow resistance offered by the loose preform is low. Once the resin infusion is completed, the vacuum on the segmented bags is progressively released to ambient pressure, and the segmental compression is sequentially performed until unnecessary resin is completely removed. This research is to experimentally investigate the influence of double-bag progressive compression method processing parameters, including vacuum pressure in the cavity, number of segments, initiating time of the next compression, temperature of the heated air, initiating segment of the heated air, initial height of the mold cavity, and excess infused resin, on the mechanical property of the part. The design of experiments adopts Taguchi’s method. Results show that the double-bag progressive compression method significantly reduces total filling time and maximally increases the flexural modulus of the part by 17.81% as compared with the typical vacuum-assisted resin infusion. A preferable parameter condition is proposed by taking both the flexural modulus and the operation complexity into account.

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Butnaru, Irina, Maria Bruma und Sabyasachi Gaan. „Phosphine oxide based polyimides: structure–property relationships“. RSC Adv. 7, Nr. 80 (2017): 50508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10493f.

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Klusek, Tomasz. „Rozmiary i regionalne zróżnicowanie polskiego rynku nieruchomości rolnych“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, Nr. 119 (18.09.2017): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2017.119.28.

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The property market is not a unite market and therefore depending on employed criteria can be divided into various segments. In order to provide an analysis the objective criterion is most often used. It refl ects functions of particular properties and on such basis the segment of agricultural properties can be distinguished. The data on agricultural property sales in the whole country scale as well as in provinces can be employed for various purposes, particularly for defining of structural changes in agriculture. In order to do so it is necessary to recognise the background of the property sales, their scope and structure which is the topic of the paper.

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Alt, Helmut, Sergio Cabello, Panos Giannopoulos und Christian Knauer. „Minimum Cell Connection in Line Segment Arrangements“. International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 27, Nr. 03 (September 2017): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195917500017.

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We study the complexity of the following cell connection problems in segment arrangements. Given a set of straight-line segments in the plane and two points [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in different cells of the induced arrangement: [(i)] compute the minimum number of segments one needs to remove so that there is a path connecting [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] that does not intersect any of the remaining segments; [(ii)] compute the minimum number of segments one needs to remove so that the arrangement induced by the remaining segments has a single cell. We show that problems (i) and (ii) are NP-hard and discuss some special, tractable cases. Most notably, we provide a near-linear-time algorithm for a variant of problem (i) where the path connecting [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] must stay inside a given polygon [Formula: see text] with a constant number of holes, the segments are contained in [Formula: see text], and the endpoints of the segments are on the boundary of [Formula: see text]. The approach for this latter result uses homotopy of paths to group the segments into clusters with the property that either all segments in a cluster or none participate in an optimal solution.

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Barrios, Mariana dos Reis, José Marques Junior, Alan Rodrigo Panosso, Diego Silva Siqueira und Newton La Scala Junior. „Magnetic susceptibility to identify landscape segments on a detailed scale in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil“. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36, Nr. 4 (August 2012): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000400002.

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The agricultural potential is generally assessed and managed based on a one-dimensional vision of the soil profile, however, the increased appreciation of sustainable production has stimulated studies on faster and more accurate evaluation techniques and methods of the agricultural potential on detailed scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using soil magnetic susceptibility for the identification of landscape segments on a detailed scale in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State. The studied area has two slope curvatures: linear and concave, subdivided into three landscape segments: upper slope (US, concave), middle slope (MS, linear) and lower slope (LS, linear). In each of these segments, 20 points were randomly sampled from a database with 207 samples forming a regular grid installed in each landscape segment. The soil physical and chemical properties, CO2 emissions (FCO2) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the samples were evaluated represented by: magnetic susceptibility of air-dried fine earth (MS ADFE), magnetic susceptibility of the total sand fraction (MS TS) and magnetic susceptibility of the clay fraction (MS Cl) in the 0.00 - 0.15 m layer. The principal component analysis showed that MS is an important property that can be used to identify landscape segments, because the correlation of this property within the first principal component was high. The hierarchical cluster analysis method identified two groups based on the variables selected by principal component analysis; of the six selected variables, three were related to magnetic susceptibility. The landscape segments were differentiated similarly by the principal component analysis and by the cluster analysis using only the properties with higher discriminatory power. The cluster analysis of MS ADFE, MS TS and MS Cl allowed the formation of three groups that agree with the segment division established in the field. The grouping by cluster analysis indicated MS as a tool that could facilitate the identification of landscape segments and enable the mapping of more homogeneous areas at similar locations.

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Jirakittidul, Kittimon, Krittaya Khrongsakun, Kannika Khongkhaw und Kusuman Nernplod. „Selective Dispersion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Segmented Polyurethane with Different Melt Mixing Process“. Key Engineering Materials 730 (Februar 2017): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.237.

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Polyurethanes (PU) have been widely used in many applications since their properties can be tailored as desire. In order to improve their electrical property, PU is incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The effects of different mixing times and temperatures on selective dispersion of MWCNT in segmented PU were studied. Furthermore, segmented PU based on two different soft segments; i.e. polyester (PU-ester) and polyether (PU-ether), were used. PU/MWCNT nanocomposites were prepared by an internal mixer for 4-12 minutes at 190-210°C. FESEM, DSC and LCR meter were used to characterize morphology and thermal properties. It was found that MWCNT were dispersed in soft segment of PU-ether. Good MWCNT dispersion was able to achieve at high temperature with short mixing time or low temperature with long mixing time. On the other hand, PU-ester/MWCNT nanocomposites, MWCNT preferred to disperse in hard segment and could be dispersed well in PU-ester at low mixing temperature.

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Swisher, Jordan H., Jamie A. Nowalk und Tara Y. Meyer. „Property impact of common linker segments in sequence-controlled polyesters“. Polymer Chemistry 10, Nr. 2 (2019): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01443d.

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Feng, Y., und B. Xiao. „Revenue management with two market segments and reserved capacity for priority customers“. Advances in Applied Probability 32, Nr. 03 (September 2000): 800–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800010260.

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This paper studies a revenue management problem in which a finite number of substitutable commodities are sold to two different market segments at respective prices. It is required that a certain number of commodities are reserved for the high-price segment to ensure a minimum service level. The two segments are served concurrently at the beginning of the season. To improve revenues, management may choose to close the low-price segment at a time when the chance of selling all items at the high price is promising. The difficulty is determining when such a decision should be made. We derive the exact solution in closed form using the theory of optimal stopping time. We show that the optimal decision is made in reference to a sequence of thresholds in time. These time thresholds take both remaining sales season and inventory into account and exhibit a useful monotone property.

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Feng, Y., und B. Xiao. „Revenue management with two market segments and reserved capacity for priority customers“. Advances in Applied Probability 32, Nr. 3 (September 2000): 800–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1013540245.

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This paper studies a revenue management problem in which a finite number of substitutable commodities are sold to two different market segments at respective prices. It is required that a certain number of commodities are reserved for the high-price segment to ensure a minimum service level. The two segments are served concurrently at the beginning of the season. To improve revenues, management may choose to close the low-price segment at a time when the chance of selling all items at the high price is promising. The difficulty is determining when such a decision should be made. We derive the exact solution in closed form using the theory of optimal stopping time. We show that the optimal decision is made in reference to a sequence of thresholds in time. These time thresholds take both remaining sales season and inventory into account and exhibit a useful monotone property.

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Ioan, Silvia, Mihaela Lupu und Doina Macocinschi. „Viscometric Study of Poly(ester Urethane) Solutions: 2. Influence of Hard-Segment Composition on the Unperturbed Dimensions“. High Performance Polymers 15, Nr. 3 (September 2003): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008303015003008.

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Using viscometry, we have studied the dilute solution property of segmented poly(ester urethane)s obtained by the reaction of aromatic diisocyanates with poly(ethylene glycol)adipate and 4,4′-dihidroxydiethoxydiphenyl sulphone as chain extender, using a multistep polyaddition process. A new method proposed by Qian et al. was utilized for the determination of unperturbed dimensions of poly(ester urethane)s having different hard segments by the measurement of the intrinsic viscosity at non-theta conditions only. The influence of the hard segments on the unperturbed dimensions of these polymers was observed. The diisocyanates with methyl substituents in the hard segments, such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, have smaller unperturbed dimensions compared with the samples containing 4,4′-methylene diphenylene diisocyanate, which are believed to possess significant chain rigidity because of the high cohesive energy and bulkiness of the benzene ring.

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Mashros, Nordiana, SittiAsmah Hassan, Yaacob Haryati, Mohd Shahrir Amin Ahmad, Ismail Samat, Othman Che Puan, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus und Zaiton Haron. „Road traffic accidents on Senai-Desaru expressway“. MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825002002.

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Understanding and prioritising crash contributing factors is important for improving traffic safety on the expressway. This paper aims to identify the possible contributory factors that were based on findings obtained from crash data at Senai-Desaru Expressway (SDE), which is the main connector between the western and eastern parts of Johor, Malaysia. Using reported accident data, the mishaps that had occurred along the 77.2 km road were used to identify crash patterns and their possible related segment conditions. The Average Crash Frequency and Equivalent Property Damage Only Average Crash Frequency Methods had been used to identify and rank accident-prone road segments as well as to propose for appropriate simple and inexpensive countermeasures. The results show that the dominant crash type along the road stretches of SDE had consisted of run-off-road collision and property damage only crashes. All types of accidents were more likely to occur during daytime. Out of the 154 segments, the 4 most accident-prone road segments had been determined and analysed. The results obtained from the analyses suggest that accident types are necessary for identifying the possible causes of accidents and the appropriate strategies for countermeasures. Therefore, this accident analysis could be helpful to relevant authorities in reducing the number of road accidents and the level of accident severity along the SDE.

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Ye Wang, Jia, Ding Yuan Liu, Xiao Ming Chen und T. C. Woo. „The Spanning Line Segments of a Polyhedron“. Journal of Mechanical Design 118, Nr. 1 (01.03.1996): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826854.

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In a polyhedron, it is observed that line segments arranged in a certain fashion preserve the intersection property: if intersection occurs with the polyhedron, the same also takes place with the line segments, and vice versa. Such line segments are said to be spanning the polyhedron which can be non-convex and non-simply connected. The properties of the spanning line segments in a polyhedron are introduced and an algorithm is presented based on “building blocks” with known solutions.

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Rai, Arvind, und Avais Ahmed Khan. „A prospective observational study of branching pattern of middle hepatic vein on contrast enhanced computed tomography“. International Surgery Journal 7, Nr. 8 (23.07.2020): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20203250.

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Background: The main purpose of pre-operative imaging in liver transplantation is to expose the arterial and venous vascular map. Prior to transplantation it is necessary to image the vascular structures property due to complex nature of liver vascular anatomy and its frequent variations. CT is a useful method not only in the determination of hepatic arterial anatomy, hepatic venous anatomy, accessory hepatic veins and portal veins variations.Methods: This was a prospective observational study performed at the department of surgery, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal and study of CECT was carried out in the department of radiodiagnosis with approval from college ethical committee on 100 patients during a period of 2 years from 2017 to 2019.Results: In study of 100 cases were studied. The study mainly done on the MHV mainly its length, width draining segments of liver by MHV and accessory hepatic veins. In overall cases maximum cases had drainage from segment IVb, V and segment VIII. The segment 5 accessory vein is the most common single accessory vein found in the study.Conclusions: Many parameters of MHV have studied in the study and understanding of these parameters is undoubtedly important for operating surgeon its anatomical draining patterns, draining liver segments and has got the presence of the various accessory veins in the liver. Recognition of these accessory hepatic veins is important because some of these accessory veins may become useful in segmental liver transplantation.

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Wu, Di, Jun Hong Zhou und Shun Hua Zhou. „Research on Float Upward Point Values for Tunnel Uplift Hierarchical Control during Shield Tunnel Construction“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (Mai 2012): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1479.

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The adverse effect of tunnel uplifit on tunnel structural stability and waterproof property is increasingly prominent, leading to engineering problems such as segments connection and damage. All these bring the construction quality down and make it difficult for operations and management. Based on the data obtained from monitoring the upllifit of the serrid measure sections in two intervals in Ningbo metro line No. 1, this paper studies the segments uplift by analyzing segment mortise structure features and float upward trajectory. The article considers the worst conditions according to the size difference in mortise, puts forward a method to calculate and integrate the slab staggering and segments opening based on the monitoring data, and then get two float upward point values. Finally, it is proposed that by updating and fitting the monitoring data, the tunnel uplift can be divided into three intervals, making it possible for dynamic and hierarchical control. The research results could provide reference for the shield tunnel construction.

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Ma, Ding, Itzhak Omer, Toshihiro Osaragi, Mats Sandberg und Bin Jiang. „Why topology matters in predicting human activities“. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, Nr. 7 (09.08.2018): 1297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318792268.

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Geographic space is better understood through the topological relationship of the underlying streets (note: entire streets rather than street segments), which enables us to see scaling or fractal or living structure of far more less-connected streets than well-connected ones. It is this underlying scaling structure that makes human activities predictable, albeit in the sense of collective rather than individual human moving behavior. This topological analysis has not yet received its deserved attention in the literature, as many researchers continue to rely on segment analysis for predicting human activities. The segment analysis-based methods are essentially geometric, with a focus on geometric details of locations, lengths, and directions, and are unable to reveal the scaling property, which means they cannot be used for the prediction of human activities. We conducted a series of case studies using London streets and tweet location data, based on related concepts such as natural streets, and natural street segments (or street segments for short), axial lines, and axial line segments (or line segments for short). We found that natural streets are the best representation in terms of human activities or traffic prediction, followed by axial lines, and that neither street segments nor line segments bear a good correlation between network parameters and tweet locations. These findings point to the fact that the reason why space syntax based on axial lines, or the kind of topological analysis in general, works has little to do with individual human travel behavior or ways that humans conceptualize distances or spaces. Instead, it is the underlying scaling hierarchy of streets – numerous least-connected, a very few most-connected, and some in between the least- and most-connected – that makes human activities predictable.

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O'Halloran, T. J., S. Ravid und J. A. Spudich. „Expression of Dictyostelium myosin tail segments in Escherichia coli: domains required for assembly and phosphorylation.“ Journal of Cell Biology 110, Nr. 1 (01.01.1990): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.110.1.63.

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The assembly of myosins into filaments is a property common to all conventional myosins. The ability of myosins to form filaments is conferred by the tail of the large asymmetric molecule. We are studying cloned portions of the Dictyostelium myosin gene expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate functional properties of defined segments of the myosin tail. We have focused on five segments derived from the 68-kD carboxyl-terminus of the myosin tail. These have been expressed and purified to homogeneity from E. coli, and thus the boundaries of each segment within the myosin gene and protein sequence are known. We identified an internal 34-kD segment of the tail, N-LMM-34, which is required and sufficient for assembly. This 287-amino acid domain represents the smallest tail segment purified from any myosin that is capable of forming highly ordered paracrystals characteristic of myosin. Because the assembly of Dictyostelium myosin can be regulated by phosphorylation of the heavy chain, we have studied the in vitro phosphorylation of the expressed tail segments. We have determined which segments are phosphorylated to a high level by a Dictyostelium myosin heavy chain kinase purified from developed cells. While LMM-68, the 68-kD carboxyl terminus of Dictyostelium myosin, or LMM-58, which lacks the 10-kD carboxyl terminus of LMM-68, are phosphorylated to the same extent as purified myosin, subdomains of these segments do not serve as efficient substrates for the kinase. Thus LMM-58 is one minimal substrate for efficient phosphorylation by the myosin heavy chain kinase purified from developed cells. Taken together these results identify two functional domains in Dictyostelium myosin: a 34-kD assembly domain bounded by amino acids 1533-1819 within the myosin sequence and a larger 58-kD phosphorylation domain bounded by amino acids 1533-2034 within the myosin sequence.

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Suhery, Dedy, Happy Sri Rezeki Purba, Mohammad Hamid Raza und Khairun Nisah. „A Phonological Property of Syllable Structure and Economy in Urdu: An OT Account“. Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, Nr. 3 (18.05.2019): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i3.805.

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Abstract This paper contains the phonological properties of the syllable structures and the economical procedures of the words in the Urdu language. The paper determines the behavior of certain segments that attach to its own neighboring words and elaborates the economy of the syllable structure of tokens in a particular language. In Urdu, there are various types of segmental processes in terms of addition or deletion of phonemes that affects to root and alters the entire physical mechanism structure of words. The objectives of this paper are to know the exact economic conditions of syllable structures in the words after the addition or elision of segments in the Urdu language. All the process of conflicts between the segments will manipulate by the help of constraint rankings in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993). The general purpose of this paper is to reveal the whole criteria of implications of principles of Optimality theory and explore the actual framework of syllables with their marginal and obligatory components. The researcher governs the phonological property of consonant clusters with the help of faithfulness constraints and markedness constraints. The architecture of root word completely varies from the artificial formulation of other words, but after the imposition of constraints, we reveal the concrete fact of linguistic items in a specific language. The groundwork of this paper leads to the systematic phenomena of epenthesis and elimination of vowels or consonants with the tenets of OT. In this study, the researcher conveys the representations of consonant clusters and how the adjacent consonants parse by the effect of the extraneous segment in the syllable structure of words. The researcher considers the typology of the syllable structure of words and the phonological observations of linguistic features. This paper deals with the gradient property of segments that alters the framework of underlying form and affected by some other features at the surface form. The generalization of each step of the syllable structure of words should be related to the positional variation of input and output candidates. The conflicts between input and output candidates to become the winner as an optimal candidate can be solved only on the presence of constraint rankings that are evolving in the Optimality Theory. The central idea of this paper delineated the reflection of surface forms that create conflicts between other candidates, solve only through the use of constraints of Optimality Theory. A surface form may be optimal in the sense of least serious violations of a set of violable constraints in a language hierarchy of constraints. It is considered that syllable structure with the phonological and phonetic representation of forms is the major ingredient generalization of the structure of words in a particular language. It is a crucial aspect of a sequence of segments to organize in a well-formed structure after the intervention of vowels and consonants because syllable governs the account of epenthesis and elimination process. In the pattern of sequence of segments in the syllables, there is the process of epenthesis and deletion of phonemes that creates a new wave of segmental processes. This paper determines the syllabic well-formedness turn out of instantiation that refers to the conflicts between faithfulness and well-formedness structure of words regarding the syllables. The range of syllables and the economic property of words in the individual languages rise by the interactions of well-formedness and faithfulness constraints. The basic provision of this paper is to know the precise nature of the typology of the syllable structure in the words and explores how OT captures the well-formedness constraints of input and output candidates. Our whole discussion in this paper will draw on the typological representation of Optimality Theory and the logical results of Prince and Smolensky (1993) that are transposed into a correspondence format. After the analysis of the structural typology of syllables and epenthesis in the Urdu language, we will develop the factorial typology of syllabic well-formedness and faithfulness constraints in the words. We will elaborate on the major factors of constraints and epenthesis at the level of cross-linguistic properties of a particular language. In this study, we will learn how a range of phonological factors of syllable structures triggered by the markedness constraints that is depending on the formal features of faithfulness constraints. It is investigated that unity and diversity at the level of syllable structure are oriented by OT due to the interaction between deep and surface forms to mark the constraints in various repair strategies. It is the process of relating the ranking of different faithfulness constraints with the result of the typological observation of candidates. This paper determines that the factorial typology of the syllable structure of words is based on the Correspondence Theory (McCarthy and Prince 1995) that is a sub-theory of faithfulness constraints allowing a limited set of structural changes such as; addition, deletion, insertion, fusion, featural changes, etc. The central goal of this paper is to shed light on the core behavior of OT principles that are applied to the syllables of the words to find out the exact tokens of a particular language. It is examined that the universality of constraint rankings is sketched by the application of linguistic theory with the notions of â€˜possible grammatical processes' and possible interactions of processes'. Some experts provided the values of syllable structures with the tenets of OT as the unmarked value for open or closed syllables. It is a type of assumption that some languages may or may not be open syllables (CV) and closed syllables (VC), while the notion of universality represents all aspects of syllables in all existing languages. This paper reveals that the notion of markedness constraints and faithfulness constraints is not only relevant to the sound system but also proposes to the syllable structure of words and their economy in a particular language. In addition to that, I also apply some better-known arguments originally adduce in support of constraint rankings. Keywords: Optimality Theory; Syllable Structure; Economy; Segmental Processes; Syllable Typology

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Punia, Ashish, Priya R. Debata, Probal Banerjee und Nan-Loh Yang. „Structure–property relationships of antibacterial amphiphilic polymers derived from 2-aminoethyl acrylate“. RSC Advances 5, Nr. 115 (2015): 95300–95306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17875d.

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Schröder, Bernd S. W. „The fixed point property for closed neighborhoods of line segments in Lp“. Fixed Point Theory 20, Nr. 1 (01.02.2019): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/fpt-ro.2019.1.20.

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Zhao, Xiujuan, Lin Wang, Qinghua Cui, Ping Li, Yanyan Wang, Yingying Zhang, Yong Yang, Lijun Rong und Ruikun Du. „A Mechanism Underlying Attenuation of Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Carrying Reporter Genes“. Viruses 10, Nr. 12 (30.11.2018): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120679.

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Influenza A viruses (IAV) carrying reporter genes provide a powerful tool to study viral infection and pathogenesis in vivo, however, incorporating a non-essential gene into the IAV genome often results in virus attenuation and genetic instability. Very few studies have systematically compared different reporter IAVs, and most optimization attempts seem to lack authentic directions. In this study, we evaluated the ratio of genome copies to the number of infectious unit of two reporter IAVs, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc. As a result, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc produced 41.4 and 3.8 genomes containing noninfectious particles respectively for every such particle produced by parental PR8 virus. RdRp assay demonstrated that modification of segment NS by inserting reporter genes can interfere with the replication competitive property of the corresponding vRNAs, and the balance of the 8 segments of the reporter IAVs were drastically impaired in infected cells. As a consequence, large amounts of NS-null noninfectious particles were produced during the PR8-NS1-Gluc packaging. In summary, we unravel a mechanism underlying attenuation of reporter IAVs, which suggests a new approach to restore infectivity and virulence by introducing extra mutations compensating for the impaired replication property of corresponding segments.

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Madaminov, Kh M. „Effect of Injection Phenomena on Electrical Properties of pSi--nSi1--xSnx Heterojunctions“. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, Nr. 2 (95) (April 2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-2-71-84.

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We studied the current-voltage characteristic of pSi--nSi1--xSnx structures in the temperature range of 293--393 K so as to find out the role of injection phenomena during electrical property formation in pSi--nSi1--xSnх heterojunctions derived from the Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solution. We established that the current-voltage characteristic of such heterojunctions consists of two typical segments. We determined that an exponential function describes the first current-voltage characteristic segment well. In all current-voltage characteristics the exponential curve is followed by sublinear segments that do not depend on temperature. We show that the theory of injection depletion effect describes these segments well. We used the sublinear segment of the current-voltage characteristic to determine the value of the parameter a, which can be employed to calculate deep level impurity concentration leading to the appearance of the sublinear segment. We prove that the structure under investigation may be considered to be a pSi--nSi1--xSnx--n+Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) junction with a high-resistance nSi1--xSnx layer. The analysis results make it possible to conclude that charge carrier dissipation on both complex aggregates and nanoinclusions plays a significant role in forming electrophysical properties in the Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solution and that epitaxial films of Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solutions derived on silicon substrates are efficient promising materials for developing diodes operating under double injection

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Todd, James T., Lin Chen und J. Farley Norman. „On the Relative Salience of Euclidean, Affine, and Topological Structure for 3-D Form Discrimination“. Perception 27, Nr. 3 (März 1998): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270273.

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A match-to-sample task was performed, in which observers compared configurations of line segments presented stereoscopically in different three-dimensional orientations. Several different structural properties of these configurations were manipulated, including the relative orientations of line segments (a Euclidean property), their coplanarity (an affine property), and their patterns of cointersection (a topological property). Although the differences in these properties to be detected were all metrically equivalent, they varied dramatically in their relative perceptual salience, such that the error rates and reaction times in the three conditions varied by as much as 400%. Performance was highest in the topological condition, intermediate in the affine condition, and lowest in the Euclidean condition. These findings suggest that the relative perceptual salience of object properties may be systematically related to their structural stability under change, in a manner that is similar to the Klein hierarchy of geometries.

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Hárosi, Ferenc I., und Iñigo Novales Flamarique. „Functional significance of the taper of vertebrate cone photoreceptors“. Journal of General Physiology 139, Nr. 2 (16.01.2012): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201110692.

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Vertebrate photoreceptors are commonly distinguished based on the shape of their outer segments: those of cones taper, whereas the ones from rods do not. The functional advantages of cone taper, a common occurrence in vertebrate retinas, remain elusive. In this study, we investigate this topic using theoretical analyses aimed at revealing structure–function relationships in photoreceptors. Geometrical optics combined with spectrophotometric and morphological data are used to support the analyses and to test predictions. Three functions are considered for correlations between taper and functionality. The first function proposes that outer segment taper serves to compensate for self-screening of the visual pigment contained within. The second function links outer segment taper to compensation for a signal-to-noise ratio decline along the longitudinal dimension. Both functions are supported by the data: real cones taper more than required for these compensatory roles. The third function relates outer segment taper to the optical properties of the inner compartment whereby the primary determinant is the inner segment’s ability to concentrate light via its ellipsoid. In support of this idea, the rod/cone ratios of primarily diurnal animals are predicted based on a principle of equal light flux gathering between photoreceptors. In addition, ellipsoid concentration factor, a measure of ellipsoid ability to concentrate light onto the outer segment, correlates positively with outer segment taper expressed as a ratio of characteristic lengths, where critical taper is the yardstick. Depending on a light-funneling property and the presence of focusing organelles such as oil droplets, cone outer segments can be reduced in size to various degrees. We conclude that outer segment taper is but one component of a miniaturization process that reduces metabolic costs while improving signal detection. Compromise solutions in the various retinas and retinal regions occur between ellipsoid size and acuity, on the one hand, and faster response time and reduced light sensitivity, on the other.

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Akolzina, Marina. „Merchants’ daily life culture in provincial towns of Tambov Province in the first half of the 19th century“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, Nr. 181 (2019): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-181-156-163.

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We consider the problem of studying the daily life of trade and business segments of the population in the provincial Russian city of the agrarian region in the pre-reform period. Primarily we analyze the features of daily life, the farm and household, nutrition, housing merchant families. We trace acquisition and property inheritance practice, daily culture formation in the merchant environment in the provincial Russian town using forensic investigation materials. The relevance of the work is in the importance of studying the most economically successful families of entrepreneurs in the uezd town in the pre-reform period. The study of sources enables to extend the territorial peculiarities of the daily life of a provincial merchant of the town in the agricultural region. The novelty of the research is in the micro-historical approach to the integrated study of the daily life culture as one of the forms of property and class differentiation of citizens. Microanalysis allows us to present specific reasons and motives for the formation of large property, ownership of permanent and movable property, savings, housing conditions improvement, food trade and business segments of the urban population on the example of its individual representatives and families.

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CHEN, LING-HWEI. „A NEW APPROACH FOR FEATURE POINT CLASSIFICATION, AGGREGATION, AND DESCRIPTION“. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 06, Nr. 05 (Dezember 1992): 849–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001492000436.

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In this paper, an edge point, line point, or curve point is called a feature point. A new approach to extract junction points and to describe feature points is proposed here. It accepts as input data a binary image resulting from a feature detector without thinning. In the binary image, each black point is first classified based on the number of lines passing through it and on a local property that the classes of its neighboring points are almost the same. Next, an aggregation method is presented to group those classified points into several segments. The orientation of each segment is kept either clockwise or counterclockwise. Conic curves are then used to describe these segments. Finally, junction points including corner points, cross points, branch points, and inflection points are located. It is worth mentioning that the proposed method does not use any thinning process and curvature information. The effectiveness of the approach is also verified by one illustrative example and two experimental results.

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Bohman, Helena, und Désirée Nilsson. „The impact of regional commuter trains on property values: Price segments and income“. Journal of Transport Geography 56 (Oktober 2016): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.09.003.

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Kojio, Ken, Mutsuhisa Furukawa, Suguru Motokucho, Makoto Shimada und Machiko Sakai. „Structure−Mechanical Property Relationships for Poly(carbonate urethane) Elastomers with Novel Soft Segments“. Macromolecules 42, Nr. 21 (10.11.2009): 8322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma901317t.

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Wang, Peng, Fu-quan Shi, Xi-yin Liu, Rui-bo Ren, Ying Zhu, Hui Sun, Guang-shun Zheng, Ze-jiao Dong und Li-zhi Wang. „Role of Aliphatic Chain Characteristics on the Anti-Cracking Properties of Polymer-Modified Asphalt at Low Temperatures“. Polymers 11, Nr. 12 (06.12.2019): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122025.

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The anti-cracking properties of polymer-modified asphalt depend largely on the molecular structure of the polymer modifier. However, the mysterious structure-performance relationship is still elusive. In this paper, three kinds of polymers with different chain structures were selected to address this issue. The indices of styrene, trans-butadiene, aliphatic branched-chain, and aliphatic long-chain from the infrared spectrum were used to quantify the functional group compositions of polymer modifiers. Viscoelastic parameters, including relaxation time, dissipation energy ratios, and stiffness were assessed to illustrate the anti-cracking properties of polymer-modified asphalt. Results showed that relaxation time and dissipation energy ratios were mainly determined by the polymer network strength, molecular size, aliphatic chain feature, and the orientations speed of aliphatic chains. The short relaxation time and high dissipation ratio lead to the low stiffness and favorable low-temperature performance of asphalt. The improvement of these performances requires a polymer with high indices of an aliphatic long-chain, styrene, aliphatic branched-chain, and trans-butadiene, respectively. An aliphatic-long chain, aliphatic branched-chain, and trans-butadiene were soft segments in asphalt while styrene was the rigid segment. The soft segments affect the intramolecular friction, orientation, and thermal motion at low temperatures, whereas the rigid segment enhances the strength of polymer networks. Thus, the anti-cracking property of polymer-modified asphalt can be improved by adjusting the ratio of soft and rigid segments in the polymer modifier.

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Ghosh, I., S. K. Sarangi und P. K. Das. „Simulation Algorithm for Multistream Plate Fin Heat Exchangers Including Axial Conduction, Heat Leakage, and Variable Fluid Property“. Journal of Heat Transfer 129, Nr. 7 (27.12.2006): 884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717938.

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The effect of axial conduction through heat exchanger matrix, heat exchange with the surroundings, and variable fluid properties are included in the simulation algorithm of multistream plate fin heat exchangers. The procedure involves partitioning of the exchanger in both axial and normal directions, writing conservation equations for each segment, and solving them using an iterative procedure. In the normal direction, the exchanger is divided into a stack of overlapping two-stream exchangers interacting through their common streams. In the axial direction, the exchanger is successively partitioned to 2k segments, the final value of k being determined by the point where further partitioning has only marginal effect. The effects of axial conduction, heat leakage, and variable fluid properties are illustrated with the help of multistream heat exchanger examples solved by the above-mentioned technique.

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Jiao, Ti Feng, Xu Hui Li, Qiu Rong Li und Jing Xin Zhou. „Optical Property and Photoisomerization of Some Functional Azobenzene Derivatives with Aromatic Substituted Groups“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (Oktober 2011): 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1009.

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Some functional azobenzene derivatives with aromatic substituted groups have been synthesized and their photoisomerization have also been investigated. It has been found that depending on different substituted groups, such as phenyl or naphthyl segments, the formed azobenzene derivatives showed different properties, indicating distinct regulation of molecular skeletons. Spectral data confirmed commonly the characteristic absorption of substituted groups and aromatic segments in molecular structures. In addition, the photoisomerization of all compounds in solution can show trans-to-cis photoisomerization by UV light irradiation, and demonstrate distinct isomerization ratio depending on effect of different substituted headgroups. The difference is mainly attributed to the aromatic substituted headgroups and methyl group in molecular structure. The present results have showed that the special properties of azobenzene derivatives could be effectively turned by modifying molecular structures of objective compounds with proper substituted groups, which show potential application in sensor and functional material field.

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Emmi, Philip C., und Carl A. Horton. „A GIS-Based Assessment of Earthquake Property Damage and Casualty Risk: Salt Lake County, Utah“. Earthquake Spectra 9, Nr. 1 (Februar 1993): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585703.

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This paper offers a probabilistic assessment of expected property damage and casualty risk due to the earthquake ground shaking hazard affecting Salt Lake County, Utah (population = 725,600). Salt Lake County is bisected by a segment of the Wasatch Fault. It is also at risk from twenty-one other nearby fault segments. Findings are based on (1) a microzonation of the earthquake ground shaking hazard, (2) an inventory of buildings by value, structural frame type and use, (3) earthquake damage functions defining the performance of buildings as a function of ground shaking intensity, (4) data on the density of residential and employee populations, and (5) earthquake casualty functions defining casualty risk as a function of building damage. The analysis is supported by the algebraic combination of digital map layers within a vector-based geographic information system. Triangular irregular network models show the expected distributions of casualties. Hazard mitigation policy implications are also considered.

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Li, Ting, Tianze Zheng, Jiarui Han, Zhanli Liu, Zhao-Xia Guo, Zhuo Zhuang, Jun Xu und Bao-Hua Guo. „Effects of Diisocyanate Structure and Disulfide Chain Extender on Hard Segmental Packing and Self-Healing Property of Polyurea Elastomers“. Polymers 11, Nr. 5 (08.05.2019): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050838.

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Four linear polyurea elastomers synthesized from two different diisocyanates, two different chain extenders and a common aliphatic amine-terminated polyether were used as models to investigate the effects of both diisocyanate structure and aromatic disulfide chain extender on hard segmental packing and self-healing ability. Both direct investigation on hard segments and indirect investigation on chain mobility and soft segmental dynamics were carried out to compare the levels of hard segmental packing, leading to agreed conclusions that correlated well with the self-healing abilities of the polyureas. Both diisocyanate structure and disulfide bonds had significant effects on hard segmental packing and self-healing property. Diisocyanate structure had more pronounced effect than disulfide bonds. Bulky alicyclic isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) resulted in looser hard segmental packing than linear aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), whereas a disulfide chain extender also promoted self-healing ability through loosening of hard segmental packing compared to its C-C counterpart. The polyurea synthesized from IPDI and the disulfide chain extender exhibited the best self-healing ability among the four polyureas because it had the highest chain mobility ascribed to the loosest hard segmental packing. Therefore, a combination of bulky alicyclic diisocyanate and disulfide chain extender is recommended for the design of self-healing polyurea elastomers.

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Morano, Pierluigi, Francesco Tajani und Marco Locurcio. „Land Use, Economic Welfare and Property Values“. International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 6, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2015): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2015100102.

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In the paper an analysis of functional correlations of property prices with the main locational and socio-economic variables, which generally contribute to define the market value of properties, has been developed. Locational characteristics are represented by the surfaces of soil used for the main functions, borrowing the logic of the system of classification of CORINE Land Cover (European Commission). The analysis has been contextualized to the 258 municipalities of the Apulia region (Southern Italy), and has been referred to two different moments (years 2006 and 2011), and two different market segments (residential and retail). The functional relationships between property prices and explanatory variables considered, estimated through a software that implements a genetic algorithm, are particularly interesting. The methodology outlined constitutes a valuable reference for the definition of models aimed at supporting, in a more rational and convenient way, public planning decisions and private investment choices.

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Liu, Jiang, und Guohua Wu. „An almost-universal cupping degree“. Journal of Symbolic Logic 76, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 1137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338843.

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AbstractSay that an incomplete d.r.e. degree has almost universal cupping property, if it cups all the r.e. degrees not below it to 0′. In this paper, we construct such a degree d, with all the r.e. degrees not cupping d to 0′ bounded by some r.e. degree strictly below d. The construction itself is an interesting 0″′ argument and this new structural property can be used to study final segments of various degree structures in the Ershov hierarchy.

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Ning, Xiao Long, Qiang Xu und Gui You Wang. „Synthesis, Characterization and Dynamic Mechanical Property of PU Elastomers with Cross-Linked Hard Segments“. Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (Februar 2011): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1205.

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A series of cross-linked polyurethane(PU) elastomer samples with various crosslink density were synthesized from polyether diol(PPG2000), 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI), 1,4-butanediol(BDO) , trimethylolpropane (TMP) and glycerin. The cross-linking density of the PU elastomers was calculated by Flory–Rehner equation. The degree of hydrogen bonding, the microstructure and the morphologies of these PU materials were characterized by means of FT-IR, DSC and DMA. The experimental results showed that the PU elastomers containing a small amount of crosslink agent ( TMP or glycerin ) may make tanδ to a very low value above the ambient temperature. The PU elastomer samples using glycerin as curing agent can make tanδ to a low value in a lower temperature compared with the ones using TMP as curing agent.

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Li, Siliang, Jinlan Dai, Guanghui Gao, Xiuyan Ren, Shan Xia, Yang Gao, Qing Wang und Lijie Duan. „Mechanical Property of Hydrogels Regulated by Different Ratios of Latex Particles and Hydrophobic Segments“. ChemistrySelect 3, Nr. 16 (26.04.2018): 4562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800298.

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Hsu, Tien-Pen, Ku-Lin Wen und Taiyi Zhang. „Applying Machine Learning to Develop Lane Control Principles for Mixed Traffic“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 14 (08.07.2021): 7656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147656.

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The mixed traffic environment often has high accident rates. Therefore, many motorcycle-related traffic improvements or control methods are employed in countries with mixed traffic, including slow-traffic lanes, motorcycle two-stage left turn areas, and motorcycle waiting zones. In Taiwan, motorcycles can ride in only the two outermost lanes, including the curb lane and a mixed traffic lane. This study analyzed the new motorcycle-riding space control policy on 27 major arterial roads containing 248 road segments in Taipei by analyzing before-and-after accident data from the years 2012–2018. In this study, the equivalent-property-damage-only (EPDO) method was used to evaluate the severity of crashes before and after the cancelation of the third lane prohibition of motorcycles (TLPM) policy. After EPDO analysis, the random forest analysis method was used to screen the crucial factors in accidents for specific road segments. Finally, a classification and regression tree (CART) was created to predict the accident improvement effects of the road segments with discontinued TLPM in different situations. Furthermore, to provide practical applications, this study integrated the CART results and the needs of traffic authorities to determine four rules for canceling TLPM. In the future, on the accident-prone road segment with TLPM, the inspection of the four rules can provide the authority to decide whether to cancel TLPM to improve the accident or not.

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Тюлько, Ж. С., und Zh S. Tyulko. „Structural-Statistical Properties of the Flavivirus Genomes“. Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 12, Nr. 2 (12.10.2017): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2017.12.343.

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Essential structural-statistical properties of coding regions in the genomes of flaviviruses are investigated on base of the Spectral-statistical approach. Both full-length polyprotein coding sequences and their separated structural segments are analyzed. On the whole, structural-statistical properties of the flavivirus genome sequences are shown to be similar to the properties of 3-regularity and latent triplet profile periodicity revealed earlier in the coding regions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. However, two-level organization of coding is not occurred in discrete segments coding for structural proteins in the flavivirus genomes and property of sequence homogeneity is manifested in significant part of such the segments. These coding sequence particularities are explained by simple structure and high mutation rate of the flavivirus genomes.

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Majeed, Abdul, Muhammad Abbas, Amna Abdul Sittar, Mohsin Kamran, Saba Tahseen und Homan Emadifar. „New Cubic Trigonometric Bezier-Like Functions with Shape Parameter: Curvature and Its Spiral Segment“. Journal of Mathematics 2021 (13.09.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6330649.

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This work presents the new cubic trigonometric Bézier-type functions with shape parameter. Basis functions and the curve satisfy all properties of classical Bézier curve-like partition of unity, symmetric property, linear independent, geometric invariance, and convex hull property and have been proved. The C 3 and G 3 continuity conditions between two curve segments have also been achieved. To check the applicability of proposed functions, different types of open and closed curves have been constructed. The effect of shape parameter and control points has been observed. It is observed that, by decreasing the value of shape parameter, the curve moves toward the control polygon and vice versa. The CT-Bézier curve is closer to the cubic Bézier curve for a fixed value of shape parameter. The proposed CT-Bézier curve can be used to represent ellipse. Using proposed basis functions, we have constructed the spiral segment which is very useful to construct fair curves and desirable to design trajectories of mobile robots, highway, and railway routes’ designing.

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Makarenko N.G., ChoYong-beom und Esenaliev A. B. „RIEMANNIAN METRIC FOR TEXTURE RECOGNITION“. PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES, Nr. 6 (15.12.2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2018.2518-1726.13.

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The article discusses the recognition of textures on digital images by methods of computational topology and Riemannian geometry. Topological properties of patterns are represented by segments (barcodes) obtained by filtering by the level of photometric measure. Beginning of barcode encodes level at which topological property appears (connected component and/or “hole”), and its end - level at which the property disappears. Barcodes are conveniently parameterized by coordinates of their ends in rectangular coordinate system “birth” and “death” of topological property. Such representation in form of a cloud of points on plane is called a persistence diagram (PD). In the article show that texture class recognition results are significantly better compared to other vectorization methods of PD.

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Lin, Jong-Lick, Kuo-Chin Chan, Jyh-Jong Sheen und Shin-Ju Chen. „Interlacing Properties for Mass-Dashpot-Spring Systems With Proportional Damping“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, Nr. 2 (01.06.2004): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1650384.

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A mass-dashpot-spring system with proportional damping is considered in this paper. On the basis of an appropriate nonlinear mapping and the root-locus technique, the interlacing property of transmission zeros and poles is investigated if the columns of the input matrix are in the column space generated by the transpose of the output matrix. It is verified that transmission zeros interlace with poles on a specific circle and the nonpositive real axis segments for a proportional damping system. Finally, three examples are given to illustrate the property.

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Costa, Odilon, Franz Fuerst und Wesley Mendes-da-Silva. „Are corporate office buildings priced differently?“ Journal of Property Investment & Finance 36, Nr. 4 (02.07.2018): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-01-2018-0004.

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Purpose While broader property-type categories of real estate markets have been scrutinized at microeconomic level in some segments – namely, residential, retail, industrial and hospitality, there is limited evidence showing that local office markets can be viewed as monolithic and economically integrated entities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how occupiers differ in their willingness to pay for principal office rent determinants in the corporate and non-corporate sectors. Design/methodology/approach A sample of properties located in the largest office market in Latin America is partitioned based on the average size of leasable units. This approach captures interactions between different groups of investors and occupiers, and is commonly adopted by local market practitioners due to lack of detailed information on market participants. The pricing schedules for these two groups of buildings are then empirically compared through hedonic regression analysis and parameter stability tests. Findings The regressions show that corporate and smaller occupier properties form distinct spatial and non-spatial submarkets, but that their temporal patterns are quite similar. Thus, these property-type segments can be classified as imperfect substitutes with distinct pricing schemes, but not as a unique market, as their pricing schedules are not generalizable. Practical implications The results imply that “office properties” are too complex and disparate to be reliably examined with a simple aggregate approach as practiced in developed office market research since the 1980s. The fragmented reality of office properties has important implications for investment decisions and real estate valuation. Originality/value This paper shows that the corporate office market exhibits distinct characteristics and key determinants of office price and rent valuation differ significantly between the corporate and non-corporate segments. The corollary of these findings is that market studies that require reliable estimates of price drivers may be enriched by modeling these two segmented markets separately. It is also important to note that this distinction cuts across the established A/B/C office space quality classification.

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van der Schuur, Martijn, Jan de Boer und Reinoud J. Gaymans. „Structure-property relations of poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers with monodisperse and polydisperse crystallisable segments“. Polymer 46, Nr. 22 (Oktober 2005): 9243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.041.

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Hesemann, P., und A. Greiner. „Polystyrenes Modified by Short Arylenevinylene Segments for Light-emitting Applications: Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships“. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 8, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199701)8:1<23::aid-pat607>3.0.co;2-w.

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