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Hui, Eddie Chi-man, Ka-hung Yu und Cheuk-kin Tse. „The impact of environmental management awards and certifications in property management on property price“. Facilities 34, Nr. 5/6 (04.04.2016): 314–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2013-0029.
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Purpose As the awareness of environmental preservation and of sustainable development have become increasingly pronounced among various stakeholders, such as governments and communities, many businesses, in response, commence to introduce environmental-friendly measures and/or implement an environmental management system (EMS) in their daily operations. Even a service-oriented industry such as property management is no exception. To showcase their commitment to this cause, property management companies tend to obtain different environmental certifications. This study aims to investigate the effect of green property management, through environmental certifications, on property price. Design/methodology/approach The hedonic price model is used to determine the impacts of different environmental certifications on prices of selected residential properties in Hong Kong. Three districts from different parts of Hong Kong, including 16 private residential developments, are covered in this study. Findings The results show that ISO 14001 certification itself is not statistically significant in explaining property price. It is only when a property management company has obtained other local environmental management awards/certificates that varying levels of (positive) property price premiums are found. Nonetheless, the authors also find that controlling for other housing attributes, obtaining as many environmental certifications as possible does not necessarily result in the highest property price premium. Research limitations/implications Nonetheless, the data sample has its limitations, such as its relatively small size and the unavailability of housing attribute(s) such as orientations. Practical implications For the implications, the value of environmental management awards/certificates, from the perspective of the end-users of property management services, is based on the scopes of these environmental certifications; the promotional effort on the part of organizations behind these awards/certificates; the disclosure of information about the EMS itself and the assessment criteria; and the public’s perceptions as to the companies’ rationale behind such certifications. Originality/value The study has provided some insights regarding the effect of various management standard certifications in property management, from the perspective of the end-users of the service (i.e. homeowners and potential homebuyers). This serves as a reference for developers, property managers, buyers and users alike.
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Chi-man Hui, Eddie, Cheuk-kin Tse und Ka-hung Yu. „The effect of ISO14001 certification in property management on property price“. Journal of Facilities Management 12, Nr. 2 (29.04.2014): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-03-2013-0015.
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Purpose – As environmental awareness has become increasingly pronounced among various stakeholders such as governments and communities, many businesses start to adopt a more environmental-friendly approach in their operations. Even a service-oriented industry such as property management is no exception. One way to showcase a company's commitment to this cause is to become ISO14001-certified, under which it is required to implement an environmental management system. In light of this, this paper aims to investigate the impact of this certification in property management, along with two other well-known management certifications/awards in ISO9001 and Hong Kong Management Association Quality Award (HKMAQA), on property price. Design/methodology/approach – The hedonic price model was used to determine whether or not there is a relationship between ISO14001 certification (as well as ISO9001 and HKMAQA) and property price, and if so, its impact. Three districts from different parts of Hong Kong, including 17 private residential developments, were covered in this research. Findings – The results show that a flat managed by a company with ISO9001 certification is 8.87 percent higher than another flat managed by a non-ISO9001-certified property management companies (PMC); the adoption of ISO14001 certification appears to help generate a premium of about 3.65 percent in property price for a PMC which has already been ISO9001-certified; and for a company already with both ISO9001/14001 certifications, the obtaining of HKMAQA brings about an extra 15.37 percent in housing price. It can be said that the impact of ISO14001 certification on property value is smaller than that of the other two management standards. Research limitations/implications – The findings do not necessarily suggest that the adoption of ISO14001 (or HKMAMA) generates the exact same premium to a residential property by itself, as two or more components in tandem may create more value than the sum of the parts. Nonetheless, considering that most companies have already been ISO9001-certified prior to considering an ISO14001 certification, they, as separate variables, are inevitably highly correlated which could be an issue when using methods such as hedonic models. This renders the assessment of the impact on property price solely attributed to ISO14001 rather problematic if they are studied together. Practical implications – In the short run, ISO14001 certification, as a public relations tool, might actually help flats within these developments to gain an advantage over the competitors within the district, or at least offset the adverse impact of some of its intrinsic defects in order to stay competitive (for instance, the age issue and the smaller brand name effect due to the development's lack of scope), but not in the long run. Originality/value – The paper has provided some insights regarding the effect of various management standard certifications in property management, from the perspective of the end-users (i.e. homebuyers), rather than from that of those involved in the operations as seen in previous studies. This serves as a reference for developers, property managers, buyers, and users alike.
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Hui, Eddie Chi-man, Eric Wing-fai Chan und Ka-hung Yu. „The effect of LEED certification on Shanghai’s prime office rental value“. Journal of Facilities Management 13, Nr. 3 (06.07.2015): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-10-2014-0033.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine whether Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification yields additional premiums for Shanghai’s office rental sector. Design/methodology/approach – The hedonic model is utilized to evaluate the impact of LEED, as well as of other factors, on the rental values of 59 Grade A office buildings in Shanghai, including 23 LEED-certified buildings and 36 non-LEED-certified buildings. Findings – It is found that rental values of buildings with LEED are about 12.8 per cent than those of buildings without the same certification. Other factors, for instance accessibility to facilities such as subway station and 4-star hotels, the availability of catering services in surrounding areas as well as the building’s location (i.e. inside the CBD) also are significantly positively correlated with office rents in the sample commercial buildings. Originality/value – Besides being one of the earlier contributions to the literature with regard to the study of the impact of green certifications in China’s office market, the findings in this study also provide some empirical evidence for stakeholders, such as developers, investors, property managers and market practitioners, to evaluate the introduction of green features (and/or green certifications such as LEED) as an investment decision.
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Decena, Maria Jilla Phoebe S., Nur Sa’adah Muhamad und Khairul A. Adham. „SunCity: Beyond the Green Marking“. Asian Case Research Journal 20, Nr. 01 (Juni 2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927516500012.
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Sunway City Berhad (also known as SunCity) is a well-known Malaysian company focusing on premium property development and investment. It began operation in 1986, and had since continued to integrate various innovations in its property offerings. In mid-2008, the global economic crisis had affected the overall performance of the Malaysian property development sector. In the midst of the crisis, SunCity realized that it needed to take a preemptive action to face the crisis. At the end of the year, SunCity applied for the Green Mark certification by the Singapore’s Building and Construction Authority (BCA) for two of its most recently launched projects. Although SunCity had consistently integrated green features in its projects to meet customer’s demands for the last several years, it had yet to obtain a proper evaluation of such efforts. Obtaining the certification was a way of demonstrating SunCity’s commitments toward creating values for its customers. By April 2009, while SunCity had the BCA Green Mark certifications in hand, the company’s top management team was aware that the construction industry was not doing well, and that getting the certification was expensive. As such, proper strategies were urgently needed to help avoid further decline in the company’s profitability. This case study aimed to analyze SunCity’s green initiatives and to stimulate discussion on the appropriate ‘green’ strategies that the company can implement in the future.
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HUI, Eddie C. M., Cheuk-kin TSE und Ka-hung YU. „THE EFFECT OF BEAM PLUS CERTIFICATION ON PROPERTY PRICE IN HONG KONG“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 21, Nr. 4 (20.12.2017): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2017.1409290.
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In response to the public’s increasing awareness of sustainable development, the construction industry has introduced “green” buildings which emphasize better environmental performance. However, as a building’s environmental performance is difficult to discern for laymen, different green building certifications have been established for evaluations in this regard. This study evaluates whether there exists a price premium for living space in buildings certified with BEAM Plus. The findings show that the prices of flats in BEAM Plus-certified buildings are 4.4% higher than those in nonregistered buildings, and that housing units in buildings with an “unclassified” rating are transacted at a discount of 5.9%. Nevertheless, if homebuyers mistake an “unclassified” building for a non-registered building, due to the non-disclosure of the “unclassified” result by developers, the price premium of BEAM Plus certification becomes higher (6.2%). Regardless, the price premium is much lower than those on the office sector. The reasons behind such differences can be attributed to the disparities in the tangible and intangible benefits associated with green living space and green office space. Policy implications with reference to Hong Kong’s GFA concession policy are then discussed.
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Vieira de Castro, Aliane, Gema Ramírez Pacheco und Fco Javier Neila González. „HOLISTIC APPROACH TO THE SUSTAINABLE COMMERCIAL PROPERTY BUSINESS: ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN EXISTING SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATIONS“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, Nr. 4 (24.03.2020): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2020.12174.
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Sustainability is no longer a new concept. However, applying, measuring and reporting on the sustainability initiative is still a somewhat confused and subjective issue. There is a huge variety of sustainability guidelines and green building schemes of differing natures, meanings and wordings. Despite this, there is no one guideline providing a crossreference between corporate social responsibility and green building performance to help the commercial property market completely incorporate sustainability into their activities. Therefore, this paper intends to link sustainability, real estate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and sustainable building in order to help companies internalise this concept in all areas of their operations aligning it with their strategic planning. From desk-based research, this proposal examines and compares key aspects of the main schemes in existence, which are currently evolving in the definition, assessment and report of sustainability at the corporate and built environment level. This approach provides key information to help professionals get a better understanding of the specific changes which sustainability brings about in their corporate process, strategies, investment decisions, daily business operations as well as their property management. The insights presented here can support real estate companies to develop comprehensive communication flows and tools for the measurement and disclosure of sustainability data.
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Mariani, Massimo, Paola Amoruso, Alessandra Caragnano und Marianna Zito. „Green Real Estate: Does It Create Value? Financial and Sustainability Analysis on European Green REITs“. International Journal of Business and Management 13, Nr. 7 (17.06.2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n7p80.
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Sustainability represents an innovative component of profitability for real estate finance, and among other instruments, real estate funds include a “green” component represented by certified buildings.In particular, the adopted selection criteria refer to the two European most widespread certifications: LEED and BREEAM.The objective is to demonstrate the degree of correlation between the adoption of implemented sustainable policies and financial performance. For this purpose Fama-French Five Factor Model has been applied.This work is oriented in validating the hypothesis, which states that sustainable and environmentally friendly components positively affect the performances of investment portfolios, focusing on the European property management industry. Therefore, this paper has the ambitious aim of filling the gap in current literature on REITs mainly focused on the US market.
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BELLEGARD, NEY LUIZ, und RODOLFO COELHO PRATES. „DETERMINANTS OF PROFICIENCY IN UNDERLYING PROCESSES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION MANAGEMENT“. International Journal of Innovation Management 21, Nr. 06 (27.07.2017): 1750045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500451.
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Most empirical studies on the identification of determinants of innovation deal with innovation without descending to the level of its underlying processes. The objective of this study is twofold: to identify determinants of proficiencies in these processes, and to measure the impact of the main determinants on the proficiencies. The data used originated mainly from three surveys conducted in the Brazilian state of Paraná. We built ordered probit econometric models for the proficiencies, with explanatory variables related to contextual and internal factors of the firms. The main determinants identified were the organisational structure and assignment of responsibility for innovation, the technological standing of the firm, and the number of certifications (quality, environmental, and others) held. We found a negative association, much to our surprise, between the use of government incentives and the proficiencies in intellectual property management and in technology monitoring and forecasting.
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Orsucci, Davide, Jean-Daniel Bancal, Nicolas Sangouard und Pavel Sekatski. „How post-selection affects device-independent claims under the fair sampling assumption“. Quantum 4 (02.03.2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-03-02-238.
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Device-independent certifications employ Bell tests to guarantee the proper functioning of an apparatus from the sole knowledge of observed measurement statistics, i.e. without assumptions on the internal functioning of the devices. When these Bell tests are implemented with devices having too low efficiency, one has to post-select the events that lead to successful detections and thus rely on a fair sampling assumption. The question that we address in this paper is what remains of a device-independent certification under fair sampling. We provide an intuitive description of post-selections in terms of filters and define the fair sampling assumption as a property of these filters, equivalent to the definition introduced in Ref. \cite{Berry10}. When this assumption is fulfilled, the post-selected data is reproduced by an ideal experiment where lossless devices measure a filtered state which can be obtained from the actual state via local probabilistic maps. Trusted conclusions can thus be obtained on the quantum properties of this filtered state and the corresponding measurement statistics can reliably be used, e.g., for randomness generation or quantum key distribution. We also explore a stronger notion of fair sampling leading to the conclusion that the post-selected data is a fair representation of the data that would be obtained with lossless detections. Furthermore, we show that our conclusions hold in cases of small deviations from exact fair sampling. Finally, we describe setups previously or potentially used in Bell-type experiments under fair sampling and identify the underlying device-specific assumptions.
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Santos, Jorge Araujo, und João Batista Pavesi Simão. „Avaliação de conformidade da agricultura do Caparaó Capixaba nos processos de produção integrada visando a certificação de café“. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, Nr. 2 (31.12.2015): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i2.2762.
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A certificação de café têm como intuito inserir a produção de café no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, proporcionando vantagens a respeito dos ecossistemas, proteção do solo, racionalidade no uso de insumos, melhor utilização da água e melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas envolvidas, além da valorização da produção e do produto, com maior retorno econômico e mais responsabilidade social. As certificações contêm regras e normas que são reconhecidas mundialmente e desta forma, contribuindo significativamente na organização interna e nas melhorias socioambientais das propriedades. Além disso, auxilia na promoção de avanços nas regiões cafeeiras, favorecendo uma maior sustentabilidade ambiental e valorização da cafeicultura nacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o nível de conformidade de agricultores de municípios da microrregião política denominada Caparaó Capixaba, no Espírito Santo, nos processos de certificação. Para a coleta de dados, adotou-se uma abordagem com a aplicação de questionário, contendo 103 questões, relacionando itens como rastreabilidade, variedades, gerenciamento da propriedade, gestão e uso do solo, emprego de fertilizantes, proteção fitossanitária das plantas, irrigação, colheita e pós-colheita, gestão e resíduos da propriedade, bem estar saúde e segurança de trabalhadores, conservação do meio ambiente e gestão administrativo-financeira. Os resultados trazem a média de cada item abordado e apontaram que os cafeicultores familiares e suas propriedades na região do Caparaó Capixaba apresentam, de modo geral, baixo nível de conformidade nos processos de produção integrada visando certificação de café.Conformity valuation of agriculture in Caparaó Capixaba regarding integrated production processes aiming coffee certificationAbstract: The Coffee Certification aims to put the coffee production in the concept of sustainable development, providing advantages regarding ecosystems, soil protection, rational use of inputs, better water use and improve the quality of life of the people involved besides the valuation of output and product, with greater economic return and more social responsibility. The certifications are rules and standards recognized worldwide and thus contribute significantly to the internal organization and to the environmental improvement of the properties. Additionally, it assists in promoting advances in the coffee regions, promoting greater environmental sustainability and enhancement of national coffee production. The goal of this study was to analyze the level of compliance of farmers in some townships of the micro region named Caparaó Capixaba, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, regarding the certification process. For data collection, we developed a questionnaire containing 103 questions, relating items such as traceability, varieties, property management, land use, use of fertilizers, phytosanitary protection, irrigation, crop and post-harvest, management of the property waste, welfare and safety of workers, environmental conservation, and administrative and financial management. The results bring the average for each item addressed and pointed out that the family farmers and their properties in the region generally have low level of compliance in integrated production processes regarding coffee certification.
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Mulligan, Timothy D., Sinem Mollaoğlu-Korkmaz, Russell Cotner und Adrienne Domas Goldsberry. „PUBLIC POLICY AND IMPACTS ON ADOPTION OF SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS: LEARNING FROM THE CONSTUCTION INDUSTRY PLAYMAKERS“. Journal of Green Building 9, Nr. 2 (Juli 2014): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.2.182.
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Sustainable practices in the built environment are becoming a more common phenomona as market penetration of green buildings grow. Despite the reported benefits of green buildings, barriers to sustainability still exist. To motivate wider adoption of sustainable built environments, this research studies public policy and its impacts. The study aims to understand the links between public policy, construction playmakers' (e.g., organizations', institutions', business owners', and developers') motivation to build green, and growth of sustainable built environments in the United States. As a step forward in this direction, this paper focuses on the case of Michigan and explores construction playmakers' motivations to build and/or occupy sustainable buildings and how effective current public policy in Michigan is at addressing these motivations. There is little research on the links among legislation, construction playmakers' motivation to build green, and the growth of sustainable built environment in the United States. This article's findings show that: 1) green building costs are still the most frequently-reported barrier to green building, 2) property developers are significantly less likely to utilize green building practices than other construction playmakers, 3) single-family residential buildings were the least likely building type to receive green certifications, and 4) construction playmakers report low levels of green policy awareness and use despite the presence of relevant public policies. These findings will provide direction for policy makers and advocates in creating policy that will effectively promote green building construction.
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Sauda, Siti, Nia Oktaviani und Muhammad Bunyamin. „Implementasi Metode Scrum Dalam Pengembangan Test Engine Try Out Sertifikasi“. JISKA (Jurnal Informatika Sunan Kalijaga) 3, Nr. 3 (30.08.2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jiska.2019.33-07.
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Bina Darma University is one of higher education under the auspices of the Region II Higher Education Service Institute committed to producing graduates who have competence. One tangible form that can see from the activities carried out through the Faculty of Computer Science is the capacity-building and capabilities of prospective graduates through the certification program. Available certifications are competency certifications from world-renowned vendors that have licenses to issue certifications. But the problem that occurs is the failure caused by the unfamiliarity of participants in seeing the types of issues to be faced. Even though if it is seen to take a vendor certification exam, it will cost a lot of money and time is not small. For that reason, in this research, an alternative solution was made, namely by making a test engine try out certification. In the process of developing a test engine, the Scrum method is used, which focuses on speed in development. the results of the event show that the test engine produced can function properly and can be used as a try out the tool before conducting a certification exam.Universitas Bina Darma merupakan salah satu penyelenggara pendidikan tinggi di bawah naungan Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi Wilayah II berkomitmen untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang memiliki kompetensi. Salah satu wujud nyata yaitu dapat dilihat dari kegiatan yang dilakukan melalui Fakultas Ilmu Komputer yaitu kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas dan kapabilitas calon lulusan melalui program sertifikasi. Sertifikasi yang tersedia merupakan sertifikasi kompetensi dari vendor ternama dunia yang memiliki lisensi untuk mengeluarkan sertifikasi. Namun permasalah yang terjadi yaitu kegagalan yang disebabkan kurang terbiasanya peserta dalam melihat jenis soal-soal yang akan dihadapi. Padahal jika dilihat untuk mengikuti ujian sertifikasi vendor membutuhkan biaya yang mahal serta waktu yang tidak sedikit. Untuk itu didalam peneltian ini dilakukan upaya alternative solusi yaitu dengan dibuat test engine try out sertifikasi. Dalam proses pengembangan test engine digunakan metode Scrum yang berfokus pada kecepatan dalam pengembangan. hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa test engine yang dihasilkan dapat berfungsi dengan baik serta dapat dijadikan sebagai alat try out sebelum dilakukannya ujian sertifikasi.
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Ruales Guzmán, Bertha Viviana, Gloria Isabel Rodríguez Lozano und Oscar Fernando Castellanos Domínguez. „Measuring productivity of dairy industry companies: an approach with data envelopment analysis“. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 11, Nr. 2 (18.02.2021): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-05-2020-0100.
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PurposeThis research had two main objectives: To measure the productivity of companies in the Colombian dairy industry and to identify efficient decision-making units (DMUs) that can be used as work sample in future case studies.Design/methodology/approachIn the measurement of productivity, financial variables were considered for a sample of 19 DMUs. Efficient companies were identified through the data envelopment analysis (DEAs) methodology with the VRS model oriented to inputs and outputs. The input variables analyzed were “current asset,” “property, plant and equipment,” “non-current liability” and “equity,” while the output variables were “revenue” and “profit.”FindingsFindings revealed that seven DMUs are efficient in the input and output orientation and that companies of different sizes and with or without quality certifications are efficient in the sample analyzed. Additionally, the benchmark efficient DMUs were identified for each of the non-efficient DMUs.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications for the research include the contribution to the theory, on the one hand, with the analysis of the current state of the literature on the use of DEA in the food sector, and on the other, with the use of DEA to measure the productivity of Colombian dairy industry companies and with the identification of a sample of efficient units that can be analyzed in future case studies.Originality/valueThis article is novel and pioneering because it measures for the first time the productivity of DMUs of the Colombian dairy industry, in addition to including the current state of the literature on the application of the DEA methodology in the food sector. These findings contribute to the consolidation of the theory and also provide inputs for researchers, practitioners, managers, and policy makers.
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Ann Brotman, Billie. „Green office construction: a discounted after-tax cash flow analysis“. Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, Nr. 5 (29.07.2014): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-01-2014-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the apparent slow acceptance on the part of developers located in the USA to seek green certifications. If green-certified construction costs more than non-green construction, then is there a financial reason for not seeking a green rating. Do green buildings perform better than non-green buildings financially? The paper develops and presents a discounted present value model for doing a cost-benefit analysis for building green. This model enables an investor to determine the feasibility of constructing a new green-certified building instead of a conventional non-green building. Non-green buildings are not certified by a rating agency such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Energy Star or Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). Real estate permits are granted by local municipalities in the USA. This means that local government mandates requiring green construction that significantly adds to the initial cost of a project could have the unintended result of encouraging new non-green construction just outside their municipal boundaries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper collects publically available research data for office buildings located in the USA, and inputs this information into an income statement. It tests the hypothesis: is green-certified construction a financially feasible choice for an investor? An incremental approach using a 15-year holding period is presented. This time period takes into account equipment wear and tear. Heating/cooling systems and other green-technologically based operating systems have a limited life and do not last for 30 or 40 years. They are likely to need replacement after 15 years have lapsed. Findings – The negative net present value (NPV) results and high payback periods indicate that increased rents for green construction, a tax credit for the present value loss and/or property-tax reduction covering the shortfall is needed as an incentive to commercially build green. The implication of a negative NPV is that green office buildings will be built by government agencies where green is mandated, corporations that want a green image and benefit from this image, where local ordinances mandate green construction features and where local and federal tax incentives are available increasing a construction project's feasibility. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of any cost-benefit study is that analytical models and/or data used to forecast energy and water consumption savings in green-certified buildings compared to conventional buildings can be inaccurate. Forecasting models can understate or overstate the actual savings realized from green construction especially in the long-term given the difficulty of predicting equipment wear and tear, net rents and energy costs. The modeled percentage cost associated with green new construction features could remain constant or grow through time. Tables I and II results assume energy and water expenses remain a constant percentage over the 15-year period. The agency costs associated with obtaining a LEED or BREEAM certification was not calculated as an upfront cost. Certification by LEED or BREEAM increases the upfront cost associated with building a green building. Practical implications – The length of the payback period estimates coupled with negative NPV for green certified compared to non-green construction suggests that developers do not have an incentive to build green. Higher WACC rates would result in green-certified projects being less feasible to build. Social implications – The LEED certification point system may need to be reviewed. Points are assigned for features that improve occupant satisfaction, but may have little impact on reducing energy usage. Originality/value – A model is presented for determining whether green-certified construction is financially feasible. The model enables the investor to determine the size of a tax incentive that is needed to enable new green construction to be economically feasible to build. The higher the negative NPV the larger the income or property tax incentive or other financial incentives needed. Prior research studies compared green and non-green buildings, but did not compare the energy savings generated to the additional construction and upfront costs incurred using a discount rate. They assumed the energy savings justified the additional initial cost associated with building a new green certified.
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Okida, Daniella Tiemi Sasaki, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior, Osmar Luiz Ferreira de Carvalho, Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso Gomes und Renato Fontes Guimarães. „Relationship between Land Property Security and Brazilian Amazon Deforestation in the Mato Grosso State during the Period 2013–2018“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 4 (15.02.2021): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042085.
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This research examines the relations between forest decrease and legal property security in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The study area encompasses 133,090.4 km2 of the Amazonian biome, belonging to the Brazilian Legal Amazon, located at the arc of deforestation where agriculture and cattle ranching compete with the native vegetation cover. Cadastral monitoring and certification of productive land plots are Brazil’s public policies to implement to tackle these environmental challenges. In this context, we crossed the Land Management System (SIGEF) dataset launched in 2013 from the National Institute for Agrarian Reform and the Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Program (PRODES) dataset from the Brazilian National Institute of Space Research (INPE). The analysis considered the 2013–2018 period with public and private land plots and evaluated the differences in smallholders and large landowners’ deforesting behavior. The results demonstrate that the primacy of certified properties was in private land (94%), with a small portion of the public land (6%). Most properties have <80% forest coverage on certification, corresponding to 85% on private properties and 95% on public properties. This fact is important because environmental legislation in the Amazon region establishes a legal reserve of 80% in forest areas. The results show that the smaller the property, the greater the percentage of proportional deforestation in the certification. In the biennium, considering before and after certification, a proportion of 8% of private properties and 28% of public properties with vegetation cover had deforestation. The results demonstrate the tendency for smaller properties to deforest proportionally more than larger ones. The annual difference series in properties registered in 2015 demonstrates that the highest deforestation occurrence was in the year of certification in private properties and the subsequent year in public properties. The SIGEF system is relatively new, requiring more time to establish a consolidated trend. The combination of property rights and effective compliance with environmental legislation allows the conservation of the forest. However, it is essential to improve inspection. Land ownership inserts the owner into a system of rules to properly use natural resources, constituting a legal instrument to guide human action.
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Luckert, M. K. (Marty), und Peter C. Boxall. „Institutional vacuums in Canadian forest policy: Can criteria and indicators and certification of sustainable forest management fill the void?“ Forestry Chronicle 85, Nr. 2 (01.03.2009): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85277-2.
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This paper discusses the potential of certification and criteria and indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management (SFM) for filling voids in forest policy in Canada. These processes have promised advances towards SFM that the current property rights conveyed on the forest industry, through existing systems of tenures, may simply not allow. In general, the broad social welfare approach that current thinking in sustainable development supports, and that certification and criteria and indicators appear to employ, is not consistent with the incentives, rights, and responsibilities that private forestry firms currently hold. There is a fundamental mismatch between the property rights that have been conveyed to private firms operating on public forest lands and what the policy frameworks of certification and C&I are expected to deliver. The conclusion is that if the voids in forest policy are to be successfully filled by certification and C&I, the underlying property rights currently held by firms will need revision. Key words: sustainable forest management, criteria and indicators, certification, Canadian forest policy, forest tenures
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Jefferson, David J. „Certification marks for Australian native foods: A proposal for Indigenous ownership of intellectual property“. Alternative Law Journal 46, Nr. 1 (24.01.2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x20982719.
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Recently, interest in ‘bush tucker’ foods has surged. Indigenous Australians should be empowered to determine how their knowledge is used when these products are commercialised. To exercise control over the development of the native foods industry, Indigenous Australians could establish a certification regime to ensure that their knowledge is appropriately converted into commercial products. This could be done through the strategic use of intellectual property, specifically through certification trade marks. Creating a certification mark for native foods could represent an important part of a decolonial policy agenda aimed at reimagining the regulation of native biodiversity and cultural knowledge in Australia.
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Ruslin, Ruslin. „Evidence Legitimacy of Intern Certification Before Primary Consideration in Law Issuance by Judge Within Private Dispute“. Aloha International Journal of Multidisciplinary Advancement (AIJMU) 2, Nr. 7 (06.09.2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/aijmu20701.
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A Custom in society about completing Transaction deals or agreements are confirmed in many ways (oral, written or noted) and somehow proved with piece of paper (Receipt) for transaction as receiver accepts goods or services without cordage of notary / Property officials, in verse 5, act number 5 1960 about Essences of Agriculture determines that; “Agriculture Law upon lands, water, and air are customized act unless limited within nation affair ……. etc,Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 126K/Sip/1973, dated May Fourth 1976 which stated that ; “ The Legitimacy of Property Purchasing is not merely absolute confirmed in supervision of Property officials “, read also Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 665K/Sip/1979, dated July twenty second 1980, as follows : “ as The Transaction occurred between Marketer and Customer supervised by authorized chief attended by two witnesses and cost is accepted by the marketer, therefore the purchasing is absolutely legal before the law even not committed in a supervision of Property Officialls. It is alike to Surabaya State Court Issuance Number: 451/Pdt.G/2008/PN.Sby, dated April seventh 2009 with fixed Law Issuance states; “Property transaction is legal as long as completing conditions of act 1320 BW”. Judge Law Consideration about Supremacy or value of Intern Certificate Evidence for one private case among others are frequently occurred in Legitimacy of Internal Certification, therefore there are Evidence Isuance Misperceptions about its supremacy by some Judges (as Supreme Court Issuance Number. 537K/Pdt/1985, but there are some Judge Considerations confirmed as Internal Certification is renowned verification it equals to authentic one (as confirmed by Issuance of Supreme Court number. 4434K/Pdt/1986). However, any Judges stated as the evidence for the certification is created as a primary written record (Stated by Supreme Court Issuance Number. 167K/PDT).
Keywords: legitimacy; intern certification; signature legitimacy
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Leahy, Jessica E., Michael A. Kilgore, Calder M. Hibbard und Jacob S. Donnay. „Family Forest Landowners' Interest in and Perceptions of Forest Certification: Focus Group Findings from Minnesota“. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, Nr. 2 (01.06.2008): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.2.73.
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Abstract Focus groups were organized with individuals owning between 15 and 720 forested acres in northern Minnesota to better identify their understanding of, questions about, and interest in forest certification; factors that would encourage or discourage their participation in certificationprograms; and the types of certification program characteristics they preferred. Family forest landowner participants were generally unfamiliar with the concept of forest certification. They expressed concern about certification costs and benefits, its impact on land-use decisionmaking, eligibility requirements, and program administration. They also expressed clear preferences about how forest certification programs should be tailored to family forest landowners. The availability of financial assistance to help cover initial and ongoing certification costs, assurance that certification will not encumber property rights, and clear and tangible benefits were found to positively influence their interest in participation. The perspectives of other family forest landowners influenced individual attitudes toward certification. Moreover, initial attitudes toward forest certificationonly became more entrenched as landowners were provided additional information about certification—skeptics became more disinterested while those inclined to participate became even more so. Recommendations for foresters, forest policymakers, and forest certification program leaders are presented that would encourage more family forest landowner participation in certification.
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Akhmeduev, A. „Management of State Unitary Enterprises“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 7 (20.07.2003): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-7-89-95.
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The author explores the ways of increasing unitary enterprises' performance. Among them are: the division of functions of subjects of management; the complete stock-taking and certification of enterprises' property, the rise of responsibility of managers. The author also puts the question about the introduction of obligatory payments for the use of state property.
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Koiran, Pascal, und Anastasios Zouzias. „Hidden Cliques and the Certification of the Restricted Isometry Property“. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 60, Nr. 8 (August 2014): 4999–5006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2014.2331341.
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Abdullah, Lizawati, Thuraiya Mohd und Roshdi Sabu. „A Conceptual Framework of Green Certification Impact On Property Price“. MATEC Web of Conferences 66 (2016): 00033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600033.
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Goldstein, Markus, Kenneth Houngbedji, Florence Kondylis, Michael O'Sullivan und Harris Selod. „Formalization without certification? Experimental evidence on property rights and investment“. Journal of Development Economics 132 (Mai 2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.12.008.
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Gao, Xuwen, Xinjie Shi und Shile Fang. „Property rights and misallocation: Evidence from land certification in China“. World Development 147 (November 2021): 105632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105632.
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Mesthrige, Jayantha Wadu, und Hoi-Ting Chan. „ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION SCHEMES AND PROPERTY VALUES: EVIDENCE FROM THE HONG KONG PRIME COMMERCIAL OFFICE MARKET“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 23, Nr. 2 (18.01.2019): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2019.7434.
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A barrier to green-building development is the uncertainty and scepticism about the financial implications. This study aimed to investigate whether the green-certification schemes help buyers to recognize the benefits of green office buildings by their willingness to pay a premium for such buildings. The study used a hedonic-model based on a sample of 67 prime office buildings (including non-green comparables) certified by HKBEAM, BEAM-Plus and LEED in Hong Kong. The empirical findings suggest that green certification schemes add extra value to an office property. The rental value of office properties certified by HKBEAM, BEAM Plus and LEED is about 10.9% higher than for non-certified office buildings. More specifically, tenants/users are willing to pay a premium of 10.9% for green-certified office properties. The findings have practical implications in encouraging green building development in Hong Kong and elsewhere. The findings indicate that the higher rental income from green office buildings can cover the additional cost of obtaining green certification within a period of 22-months (22.32 months) in Hong Kong. The results provide references for various stakeholders (developers/investors/users) in establishing the business case for green-office buildings, because of the ability of the market to capitalize the environmental benefits of green office properties.
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Repas, Martina, und Tomaž Keresteš. „The Certification Mark as a New EU-Wide Industrial Property Right“. IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 49, Nr. 3 (26.02.2018): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-018-0671-9.
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Cooper, M. A. R. „Robert Hooke's work as surveyor for the city of London in the aftermath of the great fire. Part two: certification of areas of ground taken away for streets and other new works“. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52, Nr. 1 (22.01.1998): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1998.0032.
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In the rebuilding of the City of London after the Great Fire of 1666, private land was taken by the City for new and widened streets, new markets, wharves alongside the Fleet River, and quays and wharves along the northern bank of the Thames. The amount of compensation paid by the City to owners of property depended on the location of the site and the area of ground taken away. In Part 1 of this paper, evidence of Hooke's work staking out widened streets and new building foundations was presented. In Part 2, his certification of areas of ground taken away is now described. The City had to decide not only on the amount of compensation and the procedures for paying it, but also to ensure that the procedures were properly carried out and generally accepted by the citizens. Hooke and the two other City Surveyors were ordered to undertake this crucial task.
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Demeshko, Yurii. „HISTORY OF NOTARY IN UKRAINE IN THE PRE-REFORM PERIOD“. Scientific Notes Series Law 1, Nr. 9 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2020-1-9-13-18.
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The article considers the process of evolution of notarial work in Ukraine during the second half of the XVIII – XIX centuries. The legal framework, which was the basis for the activities of notaries in the specified period of time, is studied. The contribution of merchants to the development of the institution of notary as a component and then a separate part of the judicial system of the empire is analyzed. This state was leading in the position of notaries in the second half of the XVIII –XIX centuries. Notaries prepared and certified various legal acts, giving them the meaning of public acts, engaged in the issuance of various types of evidence, compiling descriptions of property, public sales. The activities of the notary in each region were controlled by the provincial court, which checked the qualifications of the «applicant», appointed a person to the position of notary, checked his work. In the counties with the vacant position of notary, his functions were performed by a justice of the peace. The Regulations on the Notarial Part» of April 14, 1866 defined the rights and duties of a notary. It is investigated that the management of the notarial part under the supervision of judicial places was given to notaries and senior notaries who were at the notarial archives. In cities and towns where notaries were absent, attendance certificates were provided to justices of the peace. Notaries were appointed and dismissed by the senior chairman of the court chamber. The dismissal could not have taken place without a trial. Notaries were considered in the civil service with the assignment of the eighth grade, but they were not entitled to ranks or a pension for this title. It is noted that notaries appointed by the government had the right to enjoy the same rights as assistant secretaries of the district court. It was emphasized that they performed their functions only within the district to which the district court was assigned. In other regions, the act they carried out had no legal force. In all acts, notaries carried the secret of storage and non-disclosure, except for exceptions specified by the state. Notaries were required to keep a register of all acts, protests and certifications, as well as loan commitments and agreements. They had to carry out various acts at the request of the population: to issue extracts from act books and copies of acts, to accept for storage from individuals various documents. The senior notary had the same rights as members of the district courts. Senior notaries had the right to certify acts on the transfer of real estate, to approve acts and to make notes in the register of serfdom on the restriction of ownership of real estate.
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von Lewinski, Silke. „Intellectual property protection of folklore“. Focaal 2004, Nr. 44 (01.12.2004): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/092012904782311272.
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The possible protection of indigenous cultural expressions has reemerged as a topic in international debates in recent years. This article provides a legal perspective on the topic. Existing copyright and neighboring right laws do not apply to such cultural expressions per se, since they do not fulfill the relevant criteria of protection. However, indirect protection is granted to those who record indigenous expressions onto phonograms, films, and photographs, and for those who collect or perform indigenous cultural expressions. Protection concerning authenticity is possible by way of trademarks (in particular collective marks and certification marks) and geographical indications. Particular rules about unfair competition may protect against the disclosure of confidential information. Works based on traditional cultural expressions are regularly protected by copyright. Following early (unsuccessful) attempts for international protection of traditional cultural expressions per se, new ways are currently being developed including sui generis protection regimes which integrate customary laws and practices. Any successful solution will have to be based on better mutual interest and understanding between indigenous peoples and Western users.
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Ritter, George W., David R. Speth und Yu Ping Yang. „Qualifications of Adhesives for Marine Composite-to-Steel Bonded Applications“. Journal of Ship Production 25, Nr. 04 (01.11.2009): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2009.25.4.198.
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This paper describes a straightforward method for the design and certification of adhesively bonded composite to steel joints for the marine industry. Normally, certification is based on documented service at sea. Since these joints have not been previously deployed at sea, no data on their performance exist. Using an integrated combination of mechanical property evaluation and finite element modeling, the load- bearing capacity of a joint can be compared with the anticipated seaway loads. Calculated factors of safety for the sandwich design used here show that the joint has adequate strength to maintain structural integrity even after severe environmental exposure.
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Leskinen, Niina, Jussi Vimpari und Seppo Junnila. „A Review of the Impact of Green Building Certification on the Cash Flows and Values of Commercial Properties“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (31.03.2020): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072729.
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This study aims to review empirical research concerning the impact of green certificates on property cash flows and values, particularly from professional property investors’ perspective. The study uses discounted cash flows (DCF), a widely used property valuation method in income-generating properties, as a methodological framework. In this study, over 70 peer-reviewed studies were identified, categorized, and analyzed in the DCF framework. The reviewed studies indicated that certificates might increase the rental income and decrease the operating expenses, vacancy, and risks of a property. Together with the brand value of certificates, these enhancements should lead to an increase in property value. The number of studies has grown rapidly during the 2010s. Lately, studies have developed from asset-level to portfolio-level examinations. Although the reviewed studies found certification to be beneficial, the range of reported benefits was wide, and over half of the studies concentrated on U.S. commercial real estate markets, with a strong focus on LEED and ENERGY STAR certificates. From a property valuation perspective, applying these results to other markets and certificates might be challenging. Property values that fully reflect the environmental performance of properties would be a key to motivate mainstream investors to adopt sustainable property features.
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Karamachoski, Jovan, Ninoslav Marina und Pavel Taskov. „Blockchain-Based Application for Certification Management“. Tehnički glasnik 14, Nr. 4 (09.12.2020): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20200811113729.
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Blockchain technology will bring a disruption in plenty of industries and businesses. Recently it proved the robustness, immutability, auditability, in many crucial practical applications. The blockchain structure offers traceability of actions, alterations, alerts, which is an important property of a system needed for development of sustainable technologies. A crucial part of the blockchain technology regarding the optimization of the processes is the smart contract. It is a self-executable computer code, open and transparent, encoding the terms of a regular contract. It is able to automate the processes, thus decreasing the human-factor mistakes or counterfeits. In this paper, we are presenting the feasibility of the blockchain technology in the certification processes, with an application developed for university diploma certification. The example is easily transferable in other areas and business models such as logistics, supply chain management, or other segments where certification is essential.
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Hasan, Maisyarah Rahmi. „The Importance of Halal Certified Products in Samarinda City: in the light of Maqasid Al-Syari'ah“. Borneo International Journal of Islamic Studies 2, Nr. 1 (29.11.2019): 41–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/bijis.v2i1.1832.
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Halal certification is a guarantee of safety for Muslims to be able to consume a product as evidenced by the inclusion of the halal logo on the product packaging. To realize the "halal awareness" program in Indonesia, public awareness of halal-certified products is very influential in the success of the program's obligations. While in the field there are still many Muslim consumers who do not understand, and still do not prioritize halal certification in every product purchase. Further research is needed related to study the importance of halal certified products in Samarinda City, beacuse there are still many products do not have halal certificate yet. This research is a field research, a type of empirical normative research with a sociological juridical approach by studying and analyzing data obtained in the field with the study of Maqasid Al-Syariah. This research will examine and analyze the importance of halal certification on products circulating in the Samarinda City market, in the light of Maqasid al-Shari'ah.The results of this study indicate that halal certification is very important to be applied in Samarinda City. Meanwhile, if seen from the perspective of maqasid al-shari'ah with the existence of halal certification can realize mashlahah, namely goodness in the lives of Muslim consumers. Because with guaranteed food consumed, maqasid al-shari'ah al-dharuriyah al-khamsah, namely guarding religion, guarding souls, guarding intellect, guarding offspring, and protecting property will be fulfilled. The importance level of halal certification if viewed from the perspective of maqasid al-shari'ah, it can be concluded that halal certification in Samarinda is at the level of hajjiyah, which is needed, which without halal certification does not cause inaccuracies, but can be potentially difficult if there is no halal certification in Samarinda City. Therefore, the need for halal certification in Samarinda City is important because of the needs of Muslim consumers towards it.
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Party, Esmeralda, James Reiman und Edward L. Gershey. „Certification of Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3) Facilities“. Journal of the American Biological Safety Association 1, Nr. 1 (April 1996): 26–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109135059600100106.
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The increasing need to work with airborne infectious agents places greater reliance upon the personnel and environmental protection that biocontainment facilities provide. Ensuring that these facilities function properly depends on carefully reviewing post-construction performance and establishing operating protocols that take advantage of a facility's attributes while recognizing its individual limitations. Our review process expands on the work done by others and provides a foundation for developing standard certification procedures for biocontainment facilities.
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Encinas, Felipe, Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte, Carlos Aguirre-Nuñez und Francisco Vergara-Perucich. „When Residential Energy Labeling Becomes Irrelevant: Sustainability vs. Profitability in the Liberalized Chilean Property Market“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 22 (19.11.2020): 9638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229638.
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The study of the relevance of energy efficiency attributes on residential choices is usually based on stated preferences, using performance indicators. However, this issue has not been researched in developing countries, where energy certification schemes have a low adoption rate. This article paper uses a methodology based on a Kansei Engineering and Kano Model to identify home buyers’ energy performance perceptions in three real estate developments in Santiago de Chile. Surprisingly, energy ratings negatively affected the survey respondents’ willingness to buy. On the other hand, the ratings indicated that the most relevant attribute for influencing the purchasing is the perception of the home as a good investment. This finding contradicts most of the studies on energy certification and shows the relevance given to the profit of purchasing new housing units. Therefore, the analyses suggest that this situation represents a decoupling of consumer perception from both the items measured by energy labels and their contribution to consumer choices.
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de Janvry, Alain, Kyle Emerick, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro und Elisabeth Sadoulet. „Delinking Land Rights from Land Use: Certification and Migration in Mexico“. American Economic Review 105, Nr. 10 (01.10.2015): 3125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130853.
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In many developing countries property rights over rural land are maintained through continuous personal use instead of by land titles. We show that removing the link between land use and land rights through the issuance of ownership certificates can result in large-scale adjustments to labor and land allocations. Using the rollout of the Mexican land certification program from 1993 to 2006, we find that households obtaining certificates were subsequently 28 percent more likely to have a migrant member. We also show that even though land certification induced migration, it had little effect on cultivated area due to consolidation of farm units. (JEL O13, O17, P14, Q15, Q18, Q24, Q28)
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Militaru, Constantin, Cristina Juganaru, Al Ali Abdel Rahim und Ana Maria Avramescu. „Some Considerations Regarding the Management Review in Certification Audit Process of Environmental Management System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (Mai 2015): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.733.
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This article highlights the importance of management review in the implementation, maintenance and continuous improvement of the environmental management system (EMS). According to the audit requirements, top level management of the organization must analyze the environmental management system at predetermined intervals, in order to ensure that the EMS is properly, adequate and effective maintained. Three main concepts are explored: the motivations for ISO 14001certification, the perceived benefits of this certification and specific requirements and documents for certification audit of EMS which are used at management reviews.
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Masitoh, Dewi. „PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) MELALUI PROGRAM SERTIFIKASI“. As-Salam: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam & Pendidikan 8, Nr. 1 (28.06.2019): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.51226/assalam.v8i1.125.
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This article aims to analyze the driving and inhibiting factors for increasing the professionalism of Islamic Education teachers after being given a certification allowance. The type of this research is Field Research, the data collection method uses interviews, documentation and observation, to check the validity of the data using triangulation techniques and the data is analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the increase in professionalism of Islamic Education teachers through the certification program was satisfactory, but it had not gone as expected. The certification program which aims to improve teacher professionalism and welfare has not been implemented properly. This is evident from the research findings which reveal that certified PAI teachers have not met the professional teacher criteria as expected. It is hoped that the positive contribution of this article can become a reference for similar studies in the future, and can be a reference in order to achieve teacher professionalism through the certification program.
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Rosalen, David L. „The impact of the law 10,267/2001 in the brazilian rural registration“. Engenharia Agrícola 34, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000200018.
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The publication of the Law 10,267 of 08/28/2001 changed the paradigm of rural registration in Brazil, because this law known as the "Law of Georeferencing" has created the National Registration of Rural Property, that unifies in a common basis different registrations present in several government agencies, such as the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the Secretariat of Federal Revenue, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, and the National Indian Foundation. Also, this new registration system has a graphical component which has not existed until such date, where the boundaries of rural property are georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System. This new paradigm has resulted in a standardization of the survey and its representation of rural properties according to the Technical Standard for Georeferencing of Rural Properties, published by INCRA in compliance with the new legislation. Due to the georeferencing, the creation of a public GIS of free access on the Internet was possible. Among the difficulties found it may be observed the great Brazilian territory, the need for specialized professionals, and especially the certification process that INCRA has to perform for each georeferenced property. It is hoped that this last difficulty is solved with the implementation of the Land Management System that will allow automated and online certification, making the process more transparent, agile and fast.
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Miler-Virc, Aniko, und Zdravko Glusica. „ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CERTIFICATION“. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, Nr. 3 (22.12.2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i3.25.
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ISO 14001 prescribes the requirements for a system, not environmental performance itself. Similarly, certification is of the management system itself, not environmental performance. An audit is not conducted to ascertain whether your flue gas emissions are less than X part per million nitrous oxide or that your wastewater effluent contains less that Y milligrams of bacteria per litre. Consequently, the procces of auditing the system for compliance to the standard entails checking to see that all of the necessary components of a functioning system are present and working properly. A company can have a complete and fully functional EMS as prescribed by ISO 14001 without being certified. As certification can add to the time and expense of EMS development, it is important for you to establish, in advance, whether certification is of net benefit to you. Although most companies that develop an EMS do in fact certify, there are cases where certification does not add immediate value. Certification is not always beneficial to small and medium sized companies. Certification is not always necessary for companies with one or two large clients with environmental demands who are satisfied that you have a functional EMS (second-party declaration). Whatever decision you make, it is important to remember that just as a driver′s licence does not automatically make you a good driver, ISO 14001 certification does not automatically make your company environmentally benign or ensure that you will continually improve environmental performance. The system is only as good as the people who operate it.
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Jassmann, Uwe, Anica Frehn, Heiko Röttgers, Fritz Santjer, Christian Mehler, Thomas Beißel, Lennard Kaven et al. „CertBench: conclusions from the comparison of certification results derived on system test benches and in the field“. Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, Nr. 2 (29.03.2021): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00470-1.
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AbstractThis paper presents measurement results of the world wide first successful certification the electrical properties of a wind turbine, solely based upon measurements obtained at a system test bench with HiL-System and grid emulator. For all certification relevant tests the results are compared to field measurements. The impact of the real-time models in the HiL-System as well as the converter-based grid emulator are discussed in this paper. For full converter wind turbine, different requirements for the model depth could be determined depending on the tests. Nevertheless, higher-quality models that reflect the plant behaviour better are recommended to reduce uncertainties within the certification process. This paper also shows that especially for grid failure events grid emulators require real-time impedance control, in order to emulate grid failures properly. Based on these findings, recommendations for the requirements on test bench components are formulated in this paper, in order to contribute to new certification guidelines. Overall, we conclude that based on the experiences made at two different system test benches, the vast majority of certification measurements can be carried out without limitation at such system test benches.
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Allred, G. K., S. M. Loeppky und N. R. Mattson. „The real property report the early aftermath“. CISM journal 43, Nr. 1 (April 1989): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1989-0002.
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On September 1,1987, the Alberta Land Surveyors’ Association implemented a codified standard for the certification of building locations relative to property boundaries, i.e., building location certificates. Despite considerable discussion on the subject between members of the surveying profession and mortgage lenders, development officers and lawyers over the last several years, the implementation of this standard received instant attention from all participants in real estate transactions. The reaction to the implementation of this standard for real estate surveys varied from outright hos¬tility on the part of some purchasers, who view the requirement for a surveyors’ certificate as an unneces¬sary and extra cost imposed by mortgage companies, to total acceptance of the standard as a bare mini¬mum by most solicitors, who fully comprehend the problems where the paper title does not agree with the physical attributes of the property on the ground. Meetings were held with various interested groups to discuss the requirements of the Real Property Report with regard to determination of “marketability of title” and in particular “extent of title.”
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Mukhtar, Hidayat und Alef Meichaty. „EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHER CERTIFICATION IN IMPROVING SERVICE PROFESSIONAL SERVICE IN MADRASAH ALIYAH STATE OF JAMBI PROVINCE“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, Nr. 12 (09.06.2020): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i12.2019.323.
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The purpose of this study was to find out the factors that resulted in the inability of the effectiveness of teacher certification in improving teacher professional services in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province, how effective the certification of teachers in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province, how teacher professional services in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province, and how the effectiveness of teacher certification in improving teacher professional services in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province. The research approach used is a qualitative approach where data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation.
This study results in findings that the effectiveness of teacher certification in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province has not been able to optimally improve teacher professional services due to inconsistent recruitment procedures for teacher certification candidates, weak implementation of government regulations on government employees
discipline, the absence of regulations that bind certified teachers, and the actualization of certified teacher actualization. The effectiveness of teacher certification has not been implemented properly due to the operational guidelines and technical guidelines for teacher certification which only lead to the fulfillment of administrative obligations and have not touched on the impact and results of the teacher professional allowance. Teacher professional services in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province prioritize the fulfillment of non-substantive aspects. The effectiveness of teacher certification in the improvement of professional care services in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province is more pragmatic. So that certified teachers are more concerned with meeting economic needs rather than updating in the teaching and learning process.
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Kok, Nils, Marquise McGraw und John M. Quigley. „The Diffusion of Energy Efficiency in Building“. American Economic Review 101, Nr. 3 (01.05.2011): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.77.
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We analyze the diffusion of buildings certified for energy efficiency across US property markets. Using a panel of 48 metropolitan areas (MSAs) observed over the last 15 years, we model the geographic patterns and dynamics of building certification, relating industry composition, changes in economic conditions, characteristics of the local commercial property market, and the presence of human capital, to the cross-sectional variation in energy-efficient building technologies and the diffusion of those technologies over time. Understanding the determinants and the rate at which energy-efficient building practices diffuse is important for designing policies to affect resource consumption in the built environment.
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Gluszak, Michal, Agnieszka Malkowska und Bartłomiej Marona. „Green Building Adoption on Office Markets in Europe: An Empirical Investigation into LEED Certification“. Energies 14, Nr. 7 (02.04.2021): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071971.
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The goal of the paper is to evaluate the impact of selected factors on the adoption of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) green building certification in Europe. In the empirical part of the paper we track the fraction of LEED-registered office space in selected European cities, and assess the impact of selected socioeconomic and environmental factors on the certification adoption rate. This research contributes to the ongoing debate about the adoption of green buildings in commercial property markets. In this paper, we investigate factors affecting the adoption of LEED certification using the Arellano and Bond generalized method-of-moments estimator. Compared to prior studies, which relied on cross-sectional data, our research uses a panel approach to investigate the changes in green building adoption rates in selected European cities. Among the cities that are quickly adopting LEED are Frankfurt, Warsaw, Stockholm, and Dublin. The adoption process was not equally fast in Brussels and Copenhagen. Using the dynamic panel model approach, we found that the adoption of green building certification is linked to overall innovativeness in the economy and the perceived greenness of the city. Contrary to some previous studies we did not observe links between the size of the office market and the LEED adoption rate.
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Zylbersztajn, D. „Reallocation of property rights in agro-food systems: addressing diffuse stakeholders' rights“. Journal on Chain and Network Science 12, Nr. 1 (01.01.2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2012.x211.
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Stakeholders are individuals who can substantially affect the decision-making and sharing part of the value created by firms. This paper explains how parties that have not exercised cooperative production efforts, hold decision-making rights and share rights to the value created. The objective of this paper is to present a theoretical explanation for the existence of stakeholder activity, based on the property rights theory. In addition, the paper explores examples of development banks and a system of certification of sustainable forest production, exploring strategic implications. The paper is organized into four parts. Following the introduction, part two presents a selective literature review, part three presents a property rights allocation model and part four presents cases and conclusions.
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Warren-Myers, Georgia, Madeline Judge und Angela Paladino. „Sustainability ratings in residential development: a worthwhile endeavour?“ International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 36, Nr. 4 (13.08.2018): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-02-2018-0024.
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Purpose Rating tools for the built environment were designed to engage consumers and enhance sustainability and resilience. However, the intended outcomes of these rating systems appear to have limited implementation in the residential new housing market in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ motivations and experiences who have purchased houses that are situated in a sustainability-based certified development and will have been required to comply with mandatory dwelling certification. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores the awareness and perception of sustainability ratings and whether the motivations for purchasing in the sustainably certified development have heightened their awareness of sustainability and the resilience of new housing. This has been investigated through a pilot study of consumers who have purchased land in a certified estate and built a new home, through an online survey. Findings The findings reveal that the rating systems are at present not having the desired influence as first thought; that is, to inform consumers of the sustainability of a dwelling or property and to instigate trust of the environmental credentials of the property. Research limitations/implications This illuminating case study of participants who have purchased a sustainable rated development demonstrates that regardless of their concern for environmental issues, consumers have both low awareness and trust in the ratings. Despite this, consumers do seek value from these credentials to the overall property. Originality/value This study aims to illustrate the disconnect in engagement between developers, builders and new home buyers in relation to sustainability certification and implementation.
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Wardi, Moh. „THE URGENCY OF DONATED LAND CERTIFICATION IN SAMPANG REGENCY OF MADURA“. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 11, Nr. 1 (03.07.2016): 148–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v11i1.750.
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Abstract:People donated their property such as lands or buildings because of charity of their selfand familyand for the sake of hereafter investment. However, there some obstacles faced to certify the given donated land, particularly in terms of administration and finance. The purpose of this research is to identify and explain the urgency, problems, and alternative solutions concerning the donated land certification in Sampang subdistrict. The research method used in this research was qualitative research with a focus on phenomenological research type. The data was obtained through interview and observation. Then, the data was analyzed by using data reduction, data display or data presentation, and data conclusion. The informants in this research were people in Sampang subdistrict consisting of 20 people. The research findings showed: The first, people donated their property because of charity of their self and family. Landsor buildings were registered to have a donatedland certificate in order to avoid an accusation from the heir of the land or building being donated in the future. The second, the famous phenomenon and problem in donation (waqf) were that the process of donated land submission conducted by a wâqif [a person who donated the land or the building] to a nâdzir [a committee or person who who received the donation] without the approval of wâqif heirs. In addition, the service was different in terms of administration and the amount of money should be paid from a donated and non-donated land certification in National Land Affairs Agency (BPN). The third, the alternative solution which is provided was thatthe submission of donated property is not enough to doonly through verbal agreement, but this wassuggested to that wâqif and nâdzir had to sign an official agreement or memorandum of understanding (MoU). When the required documents of certifying the donated property was not proceeded yet by or they lasted very long in in PPAIW and BPN, the relevant action that should be taken wasto clarify what the prime problem are to the PPAIW and BPN officer. Key Words:certification, donated land, wâqif, nâdzir Abstrak:Masyarakat mewakafkan harta bendanya berupa tanah dan atau bangunannya karena semata-mata amal jariyah diri dan keluarga untuk investasi akhirat. Namun, dalam rangkaian prosesnya, ia menuai problem yang menghambat proses sertifikasi tanah wakaf, di antaranya adalah masalah administrasi dan pembiayaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan problem, dan solusi alternatif tentang sertifikasi tanah wakaf di Kecamatan Sampang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian fenomenologis. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan observasi. Selanjutnya, analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, display atau penyajian data, dan tahap kesimpulan. Informan dalam penelitian masyarakat Kecamatan Sampang yang terdiri atas 20 wâqif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: Pertama, masyarakat mewakafkan harta bendanya karena semata-mata amal jariyah diri dan keluarga. Tanah/bangunan didaftarkan sertifikat tanah wakaf supaya tidak ada gugatan di kemudian hari dari ahli waris. Kedua, fenomena dan persoalan yang lazim dalam perwakafan, bahwa pada saat penyerahan tanah wakaf oleh wâqif kepada nâdzir tanpa persetujuan dari calon ahli waris wâqif. Selain itu, ada versi yang berbeda di masyarakat tentang pelayanan, frekuensi administrasi, dan nominal biaya antara tanah wakaf dan non wakaf di BPN. Ketiga, solusi alternatifnya, bahwa penyerahan harta wakafnya tidak cukup melalui lisan/perkataan, namun dengan perjanji-an/MoU. Langkah-langkah yang paling relevan ketika berkas mengendap/lama di PPAIW dan BPN yaitu menindak lanjuti akar persoalannya ke PPAIW dan BPN.
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Machline, Elise, David Pearmutter und Moshe Schwartz. „The 'Green’ Premium in Israel: Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Housing Prices“. Journal of Sustainable Development 11, Nr. 5 (28.09.2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p162.
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‘Green’ building initiatives have led to the emergence of market-based policy approaches in a number of countries. Many of these have taken the form of environmental certification for buildings. A number of studies have examined the additional construction costs involved in achieving ‘green’ certification, and these studies suggest that they are relatively low, around 2% on average. Evidence is accumulating, however, that the "green premium" – or the extra cost that homebuyers pay to purchase a property in a certified green building – is systematically higher than this.
This study aims to identify the nature and scale of the "green premium" in Israel, based on a novel comparative calculation method developed to examine how much ‘green’ building certification raises an apartment's price. We also examine how economically profitable it is to purchase a 'green' apartment for the homebuyer and for the Israeli economy overall. Finally, through a case study in Tel Aviv, we shed light on how the implementation of environmentally certified housing may lead to gentrification.
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Ye, Zhou, Bei Xu und Xinliang Wang. „Exploring the Transformation Mechanism of Ecological Value Realization by Property Right Trading of Rural hydropower“. Sustainability in Environment 6, Nr. 3 (16.08.2021): p82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v6n3p82.
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The transformation and upgrading of rural hydropower rely on the property right trading market, and the professional property right trading market serves as the foundation to truly transform lucid waters and lush mountains into mountains of gold and silver. The study believes that by using two means, namely, government regulation and market incentive, water resources can be turned into ecological hydropower resources to finally realize the economic value of green energy through the ecological value transforming mechanism. The transforming mechanism, impelled by green hydropower certification and evaluation and professional property right trading market, has realized the ecological values, which not only promotes the green development of the local economy, but also realizes the transformation and upgrading of the rural hydropower industry. With the hydropower property right trading center, the development of the hydropower industry has encountered historic opportunities. At present, it is necessary to strive to improve the corresponding system, mechanism and cultural environment of the trading center to achieve the predetermined goal, and further standardize and improve the transaction activities. There are in all three figures and three tables.