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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Property Certifications"
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Hui, Eddie Chi-man, Ka-hung Yu und Cheuk-kin Tse. „The impact of environmental management awards and certifications in property management on property price“. Facilities 34, Nr. 5/6 (04.04.2016): 314–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2013-0029.
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Purpose As the awareness of environmental preservation and of sustainable development have become increasingly pronounced among various stakeholders, such as governments and communities, many businesses, in response, commence to introduce environmental-friendly measures and/or implement an environmental management system (EMS) in their daily operations. Even a service-oriented industry such as property management is no exception. To showcase their commitment to this cause, property management companies tend to obtain different environmental certifications. This study aims to investigate the effect of green property management, through environmental certifications, on property price. Design/methodology/approach The hedonic price model is used to determine the impacts of different environmental certifications on prices of selected residential properties in Hong Kong. Three districts from different parts of Hong Kong, including 16 private residential developments, are covered in this study. Findings The results show that ISO 14001 certification itself is not statistically significant in explaining property price. It is only when a property management company has obtained other local environmental management awards/certificates that varying levels of (positive) property price premiums are found. Nonetheless, the authors also find that controlling for other housing attributes, obtaining as many environmental certifications as possible does not necessarily result in the highest property price premium. Research limitations/implications Nonetheless, the data sample has its limitations, such as its relatively small size and the unavailability of housing attribute(s) such as orientations. Practical implications For the implications, the value of environmental management awards/certificates, from the perspective of the end-users of property management services, is based on the scopes of these environmental certifications; the promotional effort on the part of organizations behind these awards/certificates; the disclosure of information about the EMS itself and the assessment criteria; and the public’s perceptions as to the companies’ rationale behind such certifications. Originality/value The study has provided some insights regarding the effect of various management standard certifications in property management, from the perspective of the end-users of the service (i.e. homeowners and potential homebuyers). This serves as a reference for developers, property managers, buyers and users alike.
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Chi-man Hui, Eddie, Cheuk-kin Tse und Ka-hung Yu. „The effect of ISO14001 certification in property management on property price“. Journal of Facilities Management 12, Nr. 2 (29.04.2014): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-03-2013-0015.
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Purpose – As environmental awareness has become increasingly pronounced among various stakeholders such as governments and communities, many businesses start to adopt a more environmental-friendly approach in their operations. Even a service-oriented industry such as property management is no exception. One way to showcase a company's commitment to this cause is to become ISO14001-certified, under which it is required to implement an environmental management system. In light of this, this paper aims to investigate the impact of this certification in property management, along with two other well-known management certifications/awards in ISO9001 and Hong Kong Management Association Quality Award (HKMAQA), on property price. Design/methodology/approach – The hedonic price model was used to determine whether or not there is a relationship between ISO14001 certification (as well as ISO9001 and HKMAQA) and property price, and if so, its impact. Three districts from different parts of Hong Kong, including 17 private residential developments, were covered in this research. Findings – The results show that a flat managed by a company with ISO9001 certification is 8.87 percent higher than another flat managed by a non-ISO9001-certified property management companies (PMC); the adoption of ISO14001 certification appears to help generate a premium of about 3.65 percent in property price for a PMC which has already been ISO9001-certified; and for a company already with both ISO9001/14001 certifications, the obtaining of HKMAQA brings about an extra 15.37 percent in housing price. It can be said that the impact of ISO14001 certification on property value is smaller than that of the other two management standards. Research limitations/implications – The findings do not necessarily suggest that the adoption of ISO14001 (or HKMAMA) generates the exact same premium to a residential property by itself, as two or more components in tandem may create more value than the sum of the parts. Nonetheless, considering that most companies have already been ISO9001-certified prior to considering an ISO14001 certification, they, as separate variables, are inevitably highly correlated which could be an issue when using methods such as hedonic models. This renders the assessment of the impact on property price solely attributed to ISO14001 rather problematic if they are studied together. Practical implications – In the short run, ISO14001 certification, as a public relations tool, might actually help flats within these developments to gain an advantage over the competitors within the district, or at least offset the adverse impact of some of its intrinsic defects in order to stay competitive (for instance, the age issue and the smaller brand name effect due to the development's lack of scope), but not in the long run. Originality/value – The paper has provided some insights regarding the effect of various management standard certifications in property management, from the perspective of the end-users (i.e. homebuyers), rather than from that of those involved in the operations as seen in previous studies. This serves as a reference for developers, property managers, buyers, and users alike.
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Hui, Eddie Chi-man, Eric Wing-fai Chan und Ka-hung Yu. „The effect of LEED certification on Shanghai’s prime office rental value“. Journal of Facilities Management 13, Nr. 3 (06.07.2015): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-10-2014-0033.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine whether Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification yields additional premiums for Shanghai’s office rental sector. Design/methodology/approach – The hedonic model is utilized to evaluate the impact of LEED, as well as of other factors, on the rental values of 59 Grade A office buildings in Shanghai, including 23 LEED-certified buildings and 36 non-LEED-certified buildings. Findings – It is found that rental values of buildings with LEED are about 12.8 per cent than those of buildings without the same certification. Other factors, for instance accessibility to facilities such as subway station and 4-star hotels, the availability of catering services in surrounding areas as well as the building’s location (i.e. inside the CBD) also are significantly positively correlated with office rents in the sample commercial buildings. Originality/value – Besides being one of the earlier contributions to the literature with regard to the study of the impact of green certifications in China’s office market, the findings in this study also provide some empirical evidence for stakeholders, such as developers, investors, property managers and market practitioners, to evaluate the introduction of green features (and/or green certifications such as LEED) as an investment decision.
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Decena, Maria Jilla Phoebe S., Nur Sa’adah Muhamad und Khairul A. Adham. „SunCity: Beyond the Green Marking“. Asian Case Research Journal 20, Nr. 01 (Juni 2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927516500012.
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Sunway City Berhad (also known as SunCity) is a well-known Malaysian company focusing on premium property development and investment. It began operation in 1986, and had since continued to integrate various innovations in its property offerings. In mid-2008, the global economic crisis had affected the overall performance of the Malaysian property development sector. In the midst of the crisis, SunCity realized that it needed to take a preemptive action to face the crisis. At the end of the year, SunCity applied for the Green Mark certification by the Singapore’s Building and Construction Authority (BCA) for two of its most recently launched projects. Although SunCity had consistently integrated green features in its projects to meet customer’s demands for the last several years, it had yet to obtain a proper evaluation of such efforts. Obtaining the certification was a way of demonstrating SunCity’s commitments toward creating values for its customers. By April 2009, while SunCity had the BCA Green Mark certifications in hand, the company’s top management team was aware that the construction industry was not doing well, and that getting the certification was expensive. As such, proper strategies were urgently needed to help avoid further decline in the company’s profitability. This case study aimed to analyze SunCity’s green initiatives and to stimulate discussion on the appropriate ‘green’ strategies that the company can implement in the future.
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HUI, Eddie C. M., Cheuk-kin TSE und Ka-hung YU. „THE EFFECT OF BEAM PLUS CERTIFICATION ON PROPERTY PRICE IN HONG KONG“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 21, Nr. 4 (20.12.2017): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2017.1409290.
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In response to the public’s increasing awareness of sustainable development, the construction industry has introduced “green” buildings which emphasize better environmental performance. However, as a building’s environmental performance is difficult to discern for laymen, different green building certifications have been established for evaluations in this regard. This study evaluates whether there exists a price premium for living space in buildings certified with BEAM Plus. The findings show that the prices of flats in BEAM Plus-certified buildings are 4.4% higher than those in nonregistered buildings, and that housing units in buildings with an “unclassified” rating are transacted at a discount of 5.9%. Nevertheless, if homebuyers mistake an “unclassified” building for a non-registered building, due to the non-disclosure of the “unclassified” result by developers, the price premium of BEAM Plus certification becomes higher (6.2%). Regardless, the price premium is much lower than those on the office sector. The reasons behind such differences can be attributed to the disparities in the tangible and intangible benefits associated with green living space and green office space. Policy implications with reference to Hong Kong’s GFA concession policy are then discussed.
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Vieira de Castro, Aliane, Gema Ramírez Pacheco und Fco Javier Neila González. „HOLISTIC APPROACH TO THE SUSTAINABLE COMMERCIAL PROPERTY BUSINESS: ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN EXISTING SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATIONS“. International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, Nr. 4 (24.03.2020): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2020.12174.
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Sustainability is no longer a new concept. However, applying, measuring and reporting on the sustainability initiative is still a somewhat confused and subjective issue. There is a huge variety of sustainability guidelines and green building schemes of differing natures, meanings and wordings. Despite this, there is no one guideline providing a crossreference between corporate social responsibility and green building performance to help the commercial property market completely incorporate sustainability into their activities. Therefore, this paper intends to link sustainability, real estate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and sustainable building in order to help companies internalise this concept in all areas of their operations aligning it with their strategic planning. From desk-based research, this proposal examines and compares key aspects of the main schemes in existence, which are currently evolving in the definition, assessment and report of sustainability at the corporate and built environment level. This approach provides key information to help professionals get a better understanding of the specific changes which sustainability brings about in their corporate process, strategies, investment decisions, daily business operations as well as their property management. The insights presented here can support real estate companies to develop comprehensive communication flows and tools for the measurement and disclosure of sustainability data.
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Mariani, Massimo, Paola Amoruso, Alessandra Caragnano und Marianna Zito. „Green Real Estate: Does It Create Value? Financial and Sustainability Analysis on European Green REITs“. International Journal of Business and Management 13, Nr. 7 (17.06.2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n7p80.
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Sustainability represents an innovative component of profitability for real estate finance, and among other instruments, real estate funds include a “green” component represented by certified buildings.In particular, the adopted selection criteria refer to the two European most widespread certifications: LEED and BREEAM.The objective is to demonstrate the degree of correlation between the adoption of implemented sustainable policies and financial performance. For this purpose Fama-French Five Factor Model has been applied.This work is oriented in validating the hypothesis, which states that sustainable and environmentally friendly components positively affect the performances of investment portfolios, focusing on the European property management industry. Therefore, this paper has the ambitious aim of filling the gap in current literature on REITs mainly focused on the US market.
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BELLEGARD, NEY LUIZ, und RODOLFO COELHO PRATES. „DETERMINANTS OF PROFICIENCY IN UNDERLYING PROCESSES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION MANAGEMENT“. International Journal of Innovation Management 21, Nr. 06 (27.07.2017): 1750045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500451.
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Most empirical studies on the identification of determinants of innovation deal with innovation without descending to the level of its underlying processes. The objective of this study is twofold: to identify determinants of proficiencies in these processes, and to measure the impact of the main determinants on the proficiencies. The data used originated mainly from three surveys conducted in the Brazilian state of Paraná. We built ordered probit econometric models for the proficiencies, with explanatory variables related to contextual and internal factors of the firms. The main determinants identified were the organisational structure and assignment of responsibility for innovation, the technological standing of the firm, and the number of certifications (quality, environmental, and others) held. We found a negative association, much to our surprise, between the use of government incentives and the proficiencies in intellectual property management and in technology monitoring and forecasting.
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Orsucci, Davide, Jean-Daniel Bancal, Nicolas Sangouard und Pavel Sekatski. „How post-selection affects device-independent claims under the fair sampling assumption“. Quantum 4 (02.03.2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-03-02-238.
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Device-independent certifications employ Bell tests to guarantee the proper functioning of an apparatus from the sole knowledge of observed measurement statistics, i.e. without assumptions on the internal functioning of the devices. When these Bell tests are implemented with devices having too low efficiency, one has to post-select the events that lead to successful detections and thus rely on a fair sampling assumption. The question that we address in this paper is what remains of a device-independent certification under fair sampling. We provide an intuitive description of post-selections in terms of filters and define the fair sampling assumption as a property of these filters, equivalent to the definition introduced in Ref. \cite{Berry10}. When this assumption is fulfilled, the post-selected data is reproduced by an ideal experiment where lossless devices measure a filtered state which can be obtained from the actual state via local probabilistic maps. Trusted conclusions can thus be obtained on the quantum properties of this filtered state and the corresponding measurement statistics can reliably be used, e.g., for randomness generation or quantum key distribution. We also explore a stronger notion of fair sampling leading to the conclusion that the post-selected data is a fair representation of the data that would be obtained with lossless detections. Furthermore, we show that our conclusions hold in cases of small deviations from exact fair sampling. Finally, we describe setups previously or potentially used in Bell-type experiments under fair sampling and identify the underlying device-specific assumptions.
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Santos, Jorge Araujo, und João Batista Pavesi Simão. „Avaliação de conformidade da agricultura do Caparaó Capixaba nos processos de produção integrada visando a certificação de café“. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, Nr. 2 (31.12.2015): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i2.2762.
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A certificação de café têm como intuito inserir a produção de café no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, proporcionando vantagens a respeito dos ecossistemas, proteção do solo, racionalidade no uso de insumos, melhor utilização da água e melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas envolvidas, além da valorização da produção e do produto, com maior retorno econômico e mais responsabilidade social. As certificações contêm regras e normas que são reconhecidas mundialmente e desta forma, contribuindo significativamente na organização interna e nas melhorias socioambientais das propriedades. Além disso, auxilia na promoção de avanços nas regiões cafeeiras, favorecendo uma maior sustentabilidade ambiental e valorização da cafeicultura nacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o nível de conformidade de agricultores de municípios da microrregião política denominada Caparaó Capixaba, no Espírito Santo, nos processos de certificação. Para a coleta de dados, adotou-se uma abordagem com a aplicação de questionário, contendo 103 questões, relacionando itens como rastreabilidade, variedades, gerenciamento da propriedade, gestão e uso do solo, emprego de fertilizantes, proteção fitossanitária das plantas, irrigação, colheita e pós-colheita, gestão e resíduos da propriedade, bem estar saúde e segurança de trabalhadores, conservação do meio ambiente e gestão administrativo-financeira. Os resultados trazem a média de cada item abordado e apontaram que os cafeicultores familiares e suas propriedades na região do Caparaó Capixaba apresentam, de modo geral, baixo nível de conformidade nos processos de produção integrada visando certificação de café.Conformity valuation of agriculture in Caparaó Capixaba regarding integrated production processes aiming coffee certificationAbstract: The Coffee Certification aims to put the coffee production in the concept of sustainable development, providing advantages regarding ecosystems, soil protection, rational use of inputs, better water use and improve the quality of life of the people involved besides the valuation of output and product, with greater economic return and more social responsibility. The certifications are rules and standards recognized worldwide and thus contribute significantly to the internal organization and to the environmental improvement of the properties. Additionally, it assists in promoting advances in the coffee regions, promoting greater environmental sustainability and enhancement of national coffee production. The goal of this study was to analyze the level of compliance of farmers in some townships of the micro region named Caparaó Capixaba, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, regarding the certification process. For data collection, we developed a questionnaire containing 103 questions, relating items such as traceability, varieties, property management, land use, use of fertilizers, phytosanitary protection, irrigation, crop and post-harvest, management of the property waste, welfare and safety of workers, environmental conservation, and administrative and financial management. The results bring the average for each item addressed and pointed out that the family farmers and their properties in the region generally have low level of compliance in integrated production processes regarding coffee certification.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Property Certifications"
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Ekici, Burak. „Certification de programmes avec des effets calculatoires“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM070/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous visons à formaliser les effets calculatoires. En effet, les langages de programmation les plus utilisés impliquent différentes sortes d'effets de bord: changement d'état, exceptions, entrées / sorties, non-déterminisme, etc. Ils peuvent apporter facilité et flexibilité dans le processus de codage. Cependant, le problème est de prendre en compte les effets lorsque l'on veut prouver des propriétés de programmes. La principale difficulté dans ce genre de preuve de programmes est le décalage entre la syntaxe des opérations avec effets de bord et leur interprétation. Typiquement, un fragment de programme avec des arguments de type X qui retourne une valeur de type Y n'est pas interprété comme une fonction de X vers Y , à cause des effets.L'approche algébrique la plus connue pour ce problème permet une interprétation des programmes, y compris ceux comportant des effets, en utilisant des monades : l'interprétation est une fonction de X vers T (Y ) où T est une monade. Cette approche a été étendue aux théories de Lawvere et aux "gestionnaires algébriques" (algebraic handlers). Une autre approche, appelée logique décorée, fournit une sémantique équationnelle pour ces programmes. Nous spécialisons l'approche de la logique décorée pour les effets liés à l'état de la mémoire et à la gestion des exceptions en définissant la logique décorée pour les états (L_st) et la logique décorée pour les exceptions (L_exc), respectivement. Elles nous permettent de prouver des propriétés de programmes impliquant de tels effets. Ensuite, nous formalisons ces logiques en Coq et certifions les preuves associées. Ces logiques sont construites de manière à être correctes. En outre, nous introduisons une notion de complétude syntaxique relative d'une théorie dans une logique donnée par rapport à une sous-logique. Nous montrons que la théorie décorée pour les états globaux ainsi que deux théories décorées pour les exceptions sont relativement complets relativement à leur sous-logique pure. Non seulement nous pouvons utiliser le système développé pour prouver des programmes comportant des effets, mais également nous utilisons cette formalisation pour certifier les résultats de complétude obtenusIn this thesis, we aim to formalize the effects of a computation. Indeed, most used programming languages involve different sorts of effects: state change, exceptions, input/output, non-determinism, etc. They may bring ease and flexibility to the coding process. However, the problem is to take into account the effects when proving the properties of programs. The major difficulty in such kind of reasoning is the mismatch between the syntax of operations with effects and their interpretation. Typically, a piece of program with arguments in X that returns a value in Y is not interpreted as a function from X to Y , due to the effects. The best-known algebraic approach to the problem interprets programs including effects with the use of monads: the interpretation is a function from X to T(Y) where T is a monad. This approach has been extendedto Lawvere theories and algebraic handlers. Another approach called, the decorated logic, provides a sort of equational semantics for reasoning about programs with effects. We specialize the approach of decorated logic to the state and the exceptions effects by defining the decorated logic for states (L_st) and the decorated logic for exceptions (L_exc), respectively. This enables us to prove properties of programs involving such effects. Then, we formalize these logics in Coq and certify the related proofs. These logics are built so as to be sound. In addition, we introduce a relative notion of syntactic completeness of a theory in a given logic with respect to a sublogic. We prove that the decorated theory for the global states as well as two decorated theories for exceptions are syntactically complete relatively to their pure sublogics. These proofs are certified in Coq as applications of ourgeneric frameworks
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Karlsson, Niklas, und Marcus Källbrink. „Environmental certification of commercial real estate“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191508.
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Over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in environmental certification of buildings in the world. More and more people are getting aware of the fact that buildings use a lot of energy and affect the wellbeing of the community and our planet. The research has the last 15 years therefore produced several studies investigating different options available to decrease buildings environmental impact. Through the following report a summary is done reviewing the many opinions in the field. The goal with this Bachelor of Science thesis is thus to investigate the issue “Why should property owners and tenants choose environmentally certified buildings? What are the benefits and drawbacks for respective part?” To answer this question an extensive literature review over available materials in this field were made, both internationally and in Sweden. A closer investigation was then conducted through interviews for the market in Sweden to fill in gaps in information. The interviewed parties were all active within the field and had different perspectives representing both property owners and tenants. In our results can we see several benefits for property owners in possessing environmentally certified buildings. Some of the more significant of these benefits are potentially higher rental levels, market values, lower vacancies and energy savings resulting in better net operating income. Add thereto a competitive advantage against other property owners and a decreased risk of being deselected by tenants. Motivating why the tenant should be located in certified real estate is not as simple though, which in Sweden might be because of the high standards in many buildings and that it is hard to directly connect several of the benefits to the certification. Though, generally seen because of that the demand still is high should reasons as better indoor climate, increased productivity and quality assurance be strong arguments to choose environmental certified buildings. Furthermore could the disagreement in the business be solved with more transparency about the cost situation and clearer conformity between the different environmental certification systems.De senaste tio åren har det kunnat observeras en markant ökning av antalet miljöcertifierade byggnader runt om i världen. Fler och fler blir medvetna om att byggnader använder mycket energi och påverkar hur både människor och vår planet mår. Forskningen har de senaste 15 åren därför producerat många studier som utreder flertalet av de alternativ som finns för att sänka byggnaders miljöpåverkan. Genom följande rapport görs en sammanställning av en del av det brus och åsikter som finns om ämnet. Tanken med kandidatarbetet är således att utreda frågeställningen ”Varför ska fastighetsägare och hyresgäster välja miljöcertifierade fastigheter? Vad finns det för fördelar och nackdelar för respektive part?”. För att kunna svara på denna fråga genomfördes en utförlig litteraturstudie av tillgängligt material inom området, både internationellt och i Sverige. En närmare undersökning har sedan gjorts med hjälp av intervjuer för att komplettera och fylla ut bilden av miljöcertifieringssystem i Sverige. De intervjuade tillhör intressenter som är verksamma från olika perspektiv för fastighetsägare eller hyresgäster. Vi kan i resultaten se att det finns flera fördelar för fastighetsägare i att äga miljöcertifierade fastigheter. Några av de tydligare av dessa är bättre driftnetto på grund av energibesparing, potentiellt högre hyresnivåer och marknadsvärden samt lägre vakans. Lägg därtill ett konkurrensmedel mot andra fastighetsägare och minskad risk för att bli bortvald av hyresgäster. Ur hyresgästperspektiv är det svårare att motivera varför de ska vara lokaliserade till miljöcertifierade fastigheter, vilket i Sverige i många fall beror på att byggnader redan har hög standard samt att det är svårare att knyta fördelar just till själva miljöcertifieringen. Men generellt sett i och med att efterfrågan ändå är stor borde anledningar som bättre inomhusklimat, ökad produktivitet och kvalitetssäkring vara kraftiga argument för att välja miljöcertifierat. Vidare skulle oenigheten i branschen kunna lösas med mer transparens i kostnadsfrågan och en tydligare överensstämmelse mellan de olika miljöcertifieringssystemen.
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Li, Chung-yin Priscilla. „Environmental management standards and certification for property management : do they add value? /“. View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35808937.
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Li, Chung-yin Priscilla, und 李頌妍. „Environmental management standards and certification for property management: do they add value?“ Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008553.
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Yang, Xi. „Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Residential Property Values - Evidence from Green Condominiums in Portland, U.S“. PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1113.
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Green building, as an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient product, has emerged in recent decades. Along with the growing interest in green building design and operating practices, a number of green building certification standards and rating systems have been developed by different organizations worldwide. Those rating systems allow government regulators, building professionals, and consumers to embrace green building with confidence. Many recent studies find that LEED and Energy Star certified commercial buildings gain significant rental and sales price premiums and have higher occupancy rates. However, little research has been conducted to measure the market value of certified multi-family residential buildings, for instance, green condominiums. This study investigates the price effects of LEED certification on condominium real estate assets in a local housing market, in this case Portland, Oregon. The overall dataset is developed by combining information from Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) and LEED certifications by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). A hedonic pricing model is employed to measure the effects of certification levels on sales prices. The model results indicate that, compared to non-certified condominiums in Portland, green certified properties have a 5.8 percent sales price premium on average. The result of this study confirms that LEED condominiums exhibit higher sales prices controlling for location- and property-specific factors.
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Stephenson, Robert Miller. „Quantifying the effect of green building certification on housing prices in metropolitan Atlanta“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50137.
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The buildings sector consumes approximately 40% of energy in the United States, and presents a major opportunity for reducing society's energy consumption and environmental impact. Given the potential downside impacts of climate change and resource depletion, it is imperative that the construction industry deliver buildings that meet owner requirements while using less energy and natural resources. In response to this challenge, the construction industry has adopted voluntary green building programs that provide guidelines for construction projects wishing to reduce their environmental impact. Green building programs also present the opportunity for those pushing beyond the status quo to receive increased recognition and market visibility; however, certification under these programs is not without an added cost. The added cost of certification varies by project, but building owners and builders must be able to justify this added cost through increased market recognition and sales and leasing prices. Given the relatively low recognition of a price premium for green certified residential properties by the real estate appraisal community and financial institutions, a need exists to demonstrate the added market recognition of these homes. Through the development of a hedonic regression pricing model this study isolates the effects of green building certification on housing sales prices, in order to prove the hypothesis that a significant increase in sales price is associated with green certified housing.
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Tejada, Gurmendi Jaime Troy. „Legal Regime of the Mining Certification in Peru“. Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117686.
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In this article, the author analyzes strengths and weaknesses of the domain systems of minerals, allowing us knowing the system adopted for our Constitution. Then, the author evaluates the characteristics and legal nature of mineral exploration concession and exploitation. After that, he will examine in detail the mining procedure govern by the GeneralMining Law and its Regulations, which allow domestic and foreign investors to obtain themining concession title. Finally, he will offer proposals in each of the methods related to the mining concession and its procedures in the public administration.Mediante el presente artículo el autor analiza los defectos y virtudes de los sistemas de dominio de los minerales, permitiéndonos conocer el sistema que adopta nuestraConstitución Política, para seguidamente analizar las características y naturaleza jurídicade la concesión minera por exploración y explotación. Posteriormente, analizará de maneradetallada cada una de las etapas del procedimiento ordinario minero regulado por el TextoÚnico Ordenado (TUO) de la Ley General de Minería y sus Reglamentos, que permitirá a losinversionistas nacionales y extranjeros obtener el título de concesión minera, para finalmenteanalizar, brindar sugerencias y recomendaciones en cada uno de los procedimientos administrativos conexos o vinculados a la concesión minera por exploración y explotación.
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Wong, Hon-cheong, und 黃漢昌. „An evaluation of quality services of private property management in Hong Kong: a comparison between companieswith and without ISO 9000 certification“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968818.
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Wong, Hon-cheong. „An evaluation of quality services of private property management in Hong Kong : a comparison between companies with and without ISO 9000 certification /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339676.
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Drigo, Isabel Garcia. „As barreiras para a implantação de concessões florestais na América do Sul: os casos de Bolívia e Brasil“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-25112010-095738/.
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Enquanto o mundo discute os esforços para combater as alterações climáticas globais, reconhece-se cada vez mais o papel vital das florestas na manutenção do bem-estar ecológico, social, econômico e cultural. Reafirma-se a importância da definição dos direitos de propriedade (posse e uso) sobre as florestas que pode determinar o seu destino. Para muitos países, as políticas de gestão de florestas combinam vários modos de acesso e gestão como i) áreas protegidas; ii) concessões florestais com critérios de gestão baseados em desempenho; iii) a devolução de áreas de florestas para as comunidades tradicionais e povos indígenas que farão sua gestão.O maior desafio é cumprir o planejado e implantar os diversos modos de gestão florestal para alcançar os objetivos sociais, econômicos e ambientais previstos face à pressão dos interesses econômicos internos e externos. A concessão de florestas é a forma dominante de gestão em quase todos os países da África Central e Ocidental. Ela também é o tipo dominante de exploração de florestas na Ásia (Malásia, Indonésia, Papua-Nova Guiné e Camboja). Na segunda metade dos anos 90, com o forte apoio de projetos de cooperação multilateral e de ONGs internacionais, a Bolívia introduziu a concessão florestal como um modo de conceder direitos de posse e uso sobre florestas. No Brasil, após duas tentativas fracassadas, o governo aprovou sua nova lei de gestão de florestas públicas em 2006. Bolívia e Brasil têm muito em comum em relação aos conflitos fundiários e desafios para impor novas regras relativas à maneira como as florestas podem ser exploradas nas suas regiões amazônicas, principalmente. Este trabalho de investigação centra-se sobre os principais obstáculos enfrentados pelas autoridades florestais bolivianas e brasileiras para implantar as concessões florestais na escala inicialmente prevista. O desenvolvimento do trabalho demandou a mobilização de duas correntes teórico-metodológicas. Por um lado, buscou-se um mapeamento dos modos pelos quais os indivíduos e grupos se apropriam e formulam regras para gerir porções de florestas. Por outro lado, a abordagem teórica da sociologia econômica, mais precisamente os trabalhos de Neil Fligstein e sua abordagem política-cultural, forneceu elementos para avaliar o processo de organização social da produção florestal madeireira nas duas regiões estudadas, que depende de quatro fatores: i) os direitos de propriedade, ii) as estruturas de governança, iii) as regras de troca e iv) as concepções de controle. A abordagem política-cultural considera a participação dos atores sociais como governos, empresas e consumidores, entre outros, e os incentivos para ações de cooperação com base nos laços cognitivos que os ligam. O estudo centrou-se na região amazônica de cada país: nas terras baixas bolivianas e, no Brasil, na região da rodovia Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163). Isto porque estas regiões são os principais alvos para implantação de concessões florestais. Mostra-se neste estudo que sob um cenário de confusão fundiária, no qual há batalhas por pedaços dos territórios florestais e onde as alianças políticas são forjadas para favorecer outros padrões de uso das terras, a aplicação de concessões florestais em grande escala pode ser inviabilizada ou ficar bastante reduzida.As the world is preparing to scale up its efforts to combat global climate change, groups are increasingly recognizing the vital role forests play in maintaining ecological, social, economic and cultural well-being. They are beginning to affirm more that forest tenure plays a fundamental role in determining the fate of the worlds forests. In many countries, questions are raised on whether tropical forests should be publicly, commonly or privately owned. For many countries the forest management policies will likely involve a combination of: i) protected areas of sufficient size to provide habitat protection, and in a contiguous pattern; ii) forest concessions with enforceable performance-based management criteria; iii) community forests and community forest concessions managed by communities and indigenous groups. The challenge is to undertake the land use planning commitment and implementation to achieve this in the face of pressure from internal and external interests. Forest concessions of various types are the dominant form of forest tenure in almost all the forest countries of West and Central Africa. They are also the dominant types of forest tenure in Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Cambodia). In South America, Peru and Bolivia introduced forest concession as a possible tenure model in the early 90s with the strong support of international NGOs. In Brazil, after two failed attempts, the government has passed its new forest management law in 2006. Bolivia and Brazil have much in common regarding forest tenure conflicts and challenges to enforce new rules in the forestry sector. Forest concession implementation in these countries has generated many expectations and investments in law changes.This research work focuses on the main barriers faced by Bolivian and Brazilian forest authorities in implementing forest concession on the scale initially planned. The studies required a mapping of the property rights regimes over forest and forest resources as well as a theoretical approach of economic sociology. This approach, which provides elements to evaluate the process of social market construction, is dependent upon four essential factors: property rights, governance structures, rules of exchange and conceptions of control. The political-cultural approach emphasizes the historic perspective of the markets to understand the role of dominant groups and challengers in action arenas. It also considers the participation of social actors like governments, firms and consumers, among others, and their incentives for cooperative actions based on the cognitive ties that bind them. This empiric study focused on each countrys geographically-delimited regions of Amazon: in the Bolivian lowlands region and in the Brazilian Cuiabá-Santarém Highway (namely BR-163). Thats because they are the main targets for forest concession implementation. We show in this study that under a tenure uncertainty scenario, in which there are battles for territorial pieces and political alliances are forged that prefer other land use (and forests uses also) patterns the forest concessions implementation on a large scale will be jeopardized in these territories.
Bücher zum Thema "Property Certifications"
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Canada. Applications for certification of cultural property for income tax purposes: Informaton and procedures. Hull, Québec: Canadian Cultural Property Export Review Board, 1996.
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Canada. Applications for certification of cultural property for income tax purposes: Informaton and procedures. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Cultural Property Export Review Board, 1995.
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Canada. External Affairs and International Trade Canada. Europe 1992: Report of the Working Group on Standards, Testing, and Certification. Ottawa, Ont: External Affairs and International Trade Canada, 1991.
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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Housing and Transportation. The real estate appraisal industry: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Transportation of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, on certain private entities as outlined in Title IX of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, that establish uniform rules for real estate appraisals and set minimum criteria for certifying appraisers, March 24, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.
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New York (State). State Board of Equalization and Assessment. Training and qualification rules for assessment and appraisal officials. Albany, NY: The Board, 1991.
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D, Fisher Jeffrey. Questions & answers to help you pass the appraisal certification exams: Over 1,000 questions, answers, and explanations, glossary of key appraisal terms, includes both residential and income property. Chicago: Real Estate Education Co., 1990.
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1948-, Martin Stephen John, und Battle Thomas E, Hrsg. How to pass any general or residential appraisal examination certification-licensing: 1001 questions & answers plus everything else you need to know! New Haven, CT: H2 Co., 1991.
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Canada. Canadian Cultural Property Export Review Board. Applications for certification of cultural property for income tax purposes : information and procedures =: Demandes d'attestation de biens culturels aux fins de l'impôt sur le revenu : renseigenements et procédures. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services Canada = Ministre des approvisionnements et services Canada, 1995.
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Nahorney, Daniel J. How to get started in the real estate appraisal business: Strategies to earn a six-figure salary. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
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Nahorney, Daniel J. How to Get Started in the Real Estate Appraisal Business. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Property Certifications"
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Comptier, Mathieu, Michael Leuschel, Luis-Fernando Mejia, Julien Molinero Perez und Mareike Mutz. „Property-Based Modelling and Validation of a CBTC Zone Controller in Event-B“. In Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems. Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification, 202–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18744-6_13.
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Albert, Elvira, Reiner Hähnle, Alicia Merayo und Dominic Steinhöfel. „Certified Abstract Cost Analysis“. In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 24–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_2.
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AbstractA program containing placeholders for unspecified statements or expressions is called an abstract (or schematic) program. Placeholder symbols occur naturally in program transformation rules, as used in refactoring, compilation, optimization, or parallelization. We present a generalization of automated cost analysis that can handle abstract programs and, hence, can analyze the impact on the cost of program transformations. This kind of relational property requires provably precise cost bounds which are not always produced by cost analysis. Therefore, we certify by deductive verification that the inferred abstract cost bounds are correct and sufficiently precise. It is the first approach solving this problem. Both, abstract cost analysis and certification, are based on quantitative abstract execution (QAE) which in turn is a variation of abstract execution, a recently developed symbolic execution technique for abstract programs. To realize QAE the new concept of a cost invariant is introduced. QAE is implemented and runs fully automatically on a benchmark set consisting of representative optimization rules.
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Velasco-Baca, Sara, und Fermín Cruz-Muñoz. „Organizational Analysis of Sustainable Building Certifications in Mexico City“. In Design of Cities and Buildings - Sustainability and Resilience in the Built Environment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95120.
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In 2008, the Sustainable Building Certificate Program was implemented in order to identify and to foster sustainable buildings. The aim of the work is to analyze, since an organizational perspective, the contribution of the users’ “day a day” actions to archive sustainability. The principal variable is the building property actions to obtain the certification and the criteria defined at the Certification Program. The central significance of this work is to define how important is the implementation of strategies to introduce sustainable patterns to the building users in contrast with the facility features. The most interesting finding shows that certification design and punctuation assignation to each criteria influence in sustainable actions. The incorporation of technology devices primes over the sustainable actions by the users of the buildings. This condition represents a practical implication because the sustainable actions pattern presents a challenge to the sustainable vision. People do not assume the sustainability as a change in human actions, but a technological question. So, the central value of this research is to demonstrate the very low importance in the Mexico City certification program and stakeholders in sustainable user’s patterns. The principal limitation the research is many sustainable buildings, certificated by international programs were not includes. This consideration implies future studies, to identify a general tendency of sustainable actions related with the users’ activity.
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„Representations Money or money’s worth Collective marks and certification marks Collective marks“. In Sourcebook on Intellectual Property Law, 595. Routledge-Cavendish, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843142928-92.
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Gaudin, Emmanuel. „Industrial Experiments in IMS, ATC, and SDR Projects of Property Verification Techniques“. In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 455–68. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6194-3.ch019.
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The increasing complexity of embedded systems calls for verification techniques to make sure the systems behave properly. When it comes to safety-critical systems, this aspect is even more relevant and is now taken into consideration by certification authorities. For that matter, property verification is accepted to be done not only on the system itself but also on a representative model of the system. This chapter first introduces the different properties and how they could be expressed. Then associated modeling languages characteristics are discussed to describe the systems on which the properties can be verified. Finally, different technologies to verify the properties are presented, including some practical examples and existing tools. This last part is illustrated by several research projects such as the PRESTO ARTEMIS European project and the exoTICus System@tic Paris Region competitiveness cluster project.
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Kolawole Oke, Emmanuel. „Is there a constitutional right to intellectual property in South Africa? Revisiting the case of In re Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996“. In Forgotten Intellectual Property Lore, 289–309. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788978712.00023.
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Sanderson, Jay, Leanne Wiseman und Drossos Stamboulakis. „Certified ABS: the Union for Ethical Biotrade and the use of trade and certification marks to encourage and facilitate behaviour change“. In Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property, 220–50. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098517-10.
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Kaur, Parminder, und Hardeep Singh. „Component Certification Process and Standards“. In Designing, Engineering, and Analyzing Reliable and Efficient Software, 22–39. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2958-5.ch002.
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Component-based technology deals with the process of assembling existing software components in an application such that they interact to satisfy a predefined functionality. The success of component-based software depends on system integrator’s ability to select the most suitable software components for their intended application (Leavens and Sitaraman, 2000; Voas and Payne, 2000; Crnkovic et al., 2001). One persistent and largely unaddressed challenge is how the consumers of software components can obtain a meaningful level of trust in the runtime behaviour of software components. The most frequently cited concerns are centered on issues of security and component behaviour (Wallnau, 2004). Certification is a practical, proven means of establishing trust in various sorts of things in other disciplines and is, therefore a natural contender for developing trust in software components. This is only possible if component suppliers have clear and reliable information about their component’s functional and non-functional properties. The component attributes allow system integrator to better classify the components. The reliability of a component-based software system is dependant on the reliability of the components that is made of. Proper search, selection, and evaluation process of components is considered as cornerstone for the development of any effective component-based system (Alexandre, 2010).This chapter defines certain properties of a component, which are helpful during their classification process along with component certification/accreditation process, which further helps component suppliers to issue the guarantee of claimed functional properties and quality attributes. Component certification framework is also discussed to evaluate the quality of software components with the help of component quality model and measurement mechanism.
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Smith, Alan D. „Strategic Importance of Security Standards“. In Information Security and Ethics, 3728–38. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch252.
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Even before September 11, 2001, security and privacy was a concern to nearly 80% of the current and potential Internet users around the globe, according to survey released by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) (Poulsen, 2000). The survey, commissioned by the American Express Company, randomly polled 11,410 people in 10 countries, and found that nearly half of the respondents enjoyed some form of Internet access. As might be expected, most of the world’s Internet users utilize Internet for e-mail, browsing, and entertainment. However, fewer than 28% do some shopping online, and 24% use the Internet for banking and financial transactions. But when Internet users and non-users of many countries were asked if they agree with the statement, “I am or would be concerned about security and privacy issues when purchasing or making financial transactions online,” 79% agreed. Prior to the tragedy of September 11, 2001, U.S. citizens also expressed legitimate concerns toward the issues of privacy and security, with an 85% showing. The poll released by the Information Technology Association of America also illustrated that approximately 80% have doubts about the U.S. government’s ability to maintain computer security and privacy. Hence, protecting operating systems is a major strategic concern if the success of e-government as a whole is to reach its potential. Although most of these issues are typically not discussed in relationship with e-government, the need for trusted computing systems within e-business and computing systems can be made as an effective argument that all these issues affect e-government systems as well. Secure computing systems issues in terms of e-government are just as important. The scope of this article is to present a description of one the most generally known security certifications; namely, the trusted computer system evaluation (TCSEC) and its commercial implementation procedure in the commercial product evaluation process and discuss the influence of this evaluation/certification on the incidence of hacker attacks on e-business. As evident by the abundance of marketing literature of different operating systems for e-business that frequently refers to its security strength ranked against popular security certifications, it is very common to rank commercially available operating systems against TCSEC evaluation and/or certification criteria. This article will also explore where the many operating systems stands on this particular evaluation. In essence, given the vulnerabilities exposed after September 11, 2001, strategic security managers should be deeply concerned that the e-business platform they are responsible for contains the highest security standards to prevent any type of potentially harmful hacker attacks. Managers need to have a working knowledge of TCSEC security evaluation/certifications to become better informed when choosing the e-security platform for e-government/e-business. Essentially, the selection of a particular operating system for e-government/e-business have as much to do with factors ranging from existing skills, existing infrastructure, and economic reasons all the way up to political and strategic reasons. In dealing strategically with modern e-business environments, one of the most important factors that management must consider when choosing an operating system for their e-business platform is the security strength to resist computer hacker attacks on the operating system. If, for example, during different hacker attacks, one of the major aspects of these attacks is a certain operating system, as opposed to other systems, then this is a clear message to management to build in proper safeguards in the proposed operating system (Smith & Rupp, 2002a, 2002b). Certainly some of the reasons for frequent hacker attacks may probabilistic in terms and not random events, since Linux and Windows operating systems are more frequently used for e-commerce than other systems. So, it is not surprising that there are practically few reports of successful hacker attacks against operating systems that run e-business platforms (Smith, 2005; Smith & Lias, 2005; Smith & Offodile, 2002).
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Graber, Christoph B., und Jessica C. Lai. „Indigenous Cultural Heritage and Fair Trade: Voluntary Certification Standards in the Light of WIPO and WTO Law and Policy-making“. In Indigenous Peoples' Innovation: Intellectual Property Pathways to Development. ANU Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ipi.08.2012.05.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Property Certifications"
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„PROPERTY VALUATION AND ENERGY CERTIFICATION“. In 15th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2008. ERES, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2008_265.
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Card, James C., Clifford C. Baker, Kevin P. McSweeney und Denise B. McCafferty. „Human Factors in Classification and Certification“. In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-d20.
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Since the 18th century, Classification Societies have served the public interest by promoting the security of life, property, and the natural environment. This has been accomplished primarily through the development and verification of standards for the design, construction, and maintenance of marine facilities, however, new insights gained over the past decade have motivated maritime safety organizations to better address the contribution of the human element to maritime casualties and accidents.
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Fallucchi, Francesca, Marco Gerardi, Michele Petito und Ernesto William De Luca. „Blockchain Framework in Digital Government for the Certification of Authenticity, Timestamping and Data Property“. In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.282.
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Banaszek, Anna. „THE GENESIS AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPERTY MANAGERS CERTIFICATION PROCESS IN POLAND“. In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b53/s22.093.
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Ustinovičius, Leonas, Tatjana Vilutienė, Arūnas Barvidas und Arūnas Puzinas. „Perceptions of Construction Industry to Managerial Competences in Construction: Lithuanian Case“. In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. VGTU Technika, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibme.2015.11.
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The article presents the results of study conducted during the MBAIC project. The main task of the project was to deepen Directive’s 89/48/EWG ideas, which will lead to creation of proper European system of comparison, certification and mutual recognition of managerial qualifications in construction. During the project, the survey on managerial competences in construction was conducted. The project resulted with new postgraduate studies for construction managers were created forming common platform of managerial knowledge. The scope of knowledge included in didactic material was agreed with representatives of European construction industry. This base of knowledge will extend the foundations of recognition and certification of managerial qualifications in construction, in EU.
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Solovyova, E. E. „MANDATORY NOTARIAL CERTIFICATION OF TRANSACTIONS FOR SEPARATION OF REAL ESTATE PROPERTY BELONGING TO THE MINOR: PROBLEMS OF LAWFUL PRACTICE“. In RUSSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: HISTORY, MODERNITY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS. Amur State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/lsr.2020.12.
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Brust, Frederick W., und David Barton. „Optimal Weld Design of Plug Repair in Reactor Pressure Vessel With 3D Computational Weld Modeling“. In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63951.
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A bottom mounted instrument (BMI) nozzle in a European nuclear pressure vessel experienced some cracking caused by primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). Rather than repair the nozzle a decision was made to place a plug over the nozzle hole since this particular instrument panel could be removed in the reactor. The plug repair will be installed remotely during an outage and consists of performing the welding from a location near the top of the vessel which is more than 20 meters away. This makes the design of the repair critical. This paper uses 3D computational weld analyses to design the repair. Considerations for the design include the possibility of repair welds, proper seating of the plug (distortion control), weld residual stress control, and load applications to the plug during the repair process. Computational weld modeling permitted a proper design to be realized and helped in the regulatory certification process for the plug repair. These are discussed in this paper.
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Illiashenko, Oleg A., Yevheniia V. Broshevan und Vyacheslav S. Kharchenko. „Cybersecurity Case for FPGA-Based NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems“. In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60440.
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Modern industrial instrumentation and control systems (I&Cs) used in nuclear power plants (NPP) are facing more with cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities, which were neglected before. Cybersecurity incidents are a subject to grow into more complex attacks with worse consequences than before. The use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) in such critical systems causes specific risks for ensuring of safety, as the master-property of such kind of systems, and security as a subordinate property primarily to the NPP reactor trip systems (RTS). Cybersecurity assessment results of industrial I&Cs are mainly based on subjective assessment of the expert judgment and they do not take into account all features of propagating FPGA technology. Nowadays there is a big gap in understanding how to assess and assure the security of FPGA-based NPP I&Cs (FNI&Cs). Conformance of FNI&Cs to security requirements, their verification to high-level standards often is subjective and depends on particular expert. Regulatory and certification bodies, developers and end-users of FNI&Cs are missing the understandable methodology for security assurance of such kind of systems taking into account specific context of the operating environment which allows decreasing time-to-market and thus providing benefits for all interested parties. The paper describes cybersecurity assurance technique of multi-version FNI&Cs. Requirements profile is formulated using the best practices from the following international regulations. The goal of the paper is presentation of the case-based methodology and tool of FNI&Cs cybersecurity assurance based on international regulations. Proposed methodology provides comparable and repeatable process of assurance.
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Watkins, Robert W., Daniel R. Leduc und Allen C. Smith. „Radioactive Material Packaging Torque Requirements Compliance“. In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57203.
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Shipping containers used to transport radioactive material (RAM) in commerce employ a variety of closure mechanisms. Often, these closure mechanisms require a specific amount of torque be applied to a bolt, nut or other threaded fastener. It is important that the required preload is achieved so that the package certification testing and analysis is not invalidated for the purpose of protecting the public, workers, and environment. Torque compliance as a means of ensuring closure preload, is a major factor in accomplishing the package functions of confinement/containment, sub-criticality, and shielding. This paper will address the importance, as a matter of operational practice, of applying proper torque to package closures, discuss torque value nomenclature, and present one methodology to ensure torque compliance is achieved.
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Flippen, A. A., R. J. Navarro, A. M. Larsen und M. Stamatelatos. „The Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Habitable Payloads: Utilization of Risk-Based and Traditional Rule-Based Methodologies: A “First” for NASA“. In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32445.
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The safety of the public, the astronaut crew, Agency assets, other payloads, and the environment are NASA’s priorities when assessing the adequacy of space flight designs. While Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) has been successfully applied to Space Shuttle and Space Station vehicle risk decision-making, the mandated use of a non-probabilistic rule-based approach is unique to the safety certification of NASA’s habitable payloads. A 1997 survey of historical safety policies with NASA’s Payload Safety Review Panel (PSRP) revealed that the non-probabilistic approach for habitable payloads was not arbitrary but founded on informed risk decisions from 20 years ago by then NASA Headquarters policy makers. Based on a sound payload safety track record, there has been no compelling reason, until recently, to consider expanding from the present NSTS 1700.7B rule-based approach to include risk-based PRA as a viable alternative. However, with the Agency’s increased focus on structured risk management, the establishment of a Risk Assessment Program at NASA Headquarters, and refined PRA guidelines and techniques, PRA is now formally recognized as an essential method for evaluating complex and high risk systems. The PSRP recognizes a growing need and an opportunity for evaluating the efficacy of risk-based PRA methods for application to increasingly complex next generation payload technologies. Therefore, it is timely to revisit the potential application of PRA to habitable payloads. This paper discusses PRA as a risk-based method that, when properly implemented, will result in equivalent or improed safety compared with the rule-based failure tolerance requirements for achieving the Agency’s “Safety First” core value. The benefits and cautions associated with infusing PRA methodology into the PSRP safety certification process are also discussed, as well as a proposed deployment strategy of how PRA might be prudently tailored and applied to habitable payloads. The use of PRA for assessing payload reliability is unrestricted at NASA but this is beyond the scope of the present discussion of payload safety applications.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Property Certifications"
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Yang, Xi. Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Residential Property Values - Evidence from Green Condominiums in Portland, U.S. Portland State University Library, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1113.
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Sholeen, C., und M. Munyon. Radiological oversight and certification report for the Lansdowne property, 105-107 East Stratford Avenue, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, August 1988--June 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6922372.
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