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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Project COCKTAIL“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Project COCKTAIL"
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Oschman, Alexandra, Amanda Gansen, Howard Kilbride und Tracy Sandritter. „Safety and Efficacy of Two Potassium Cocktail Formulations for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperkalemia“. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 45, Nr. 11 (18.10.2011): 1371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1q292.
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Background:: A consensus has not been established for the standard treatment of hyperkalemia in the neonatal population. Most treatment regimens include a dextrose/insulin infusion. Additional agents used include calcium, sodium bicarbonate, polystyrene sulfonate, and albuterol. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a potassium cocktail (k-cocktail) containing dextrose, insulin, calcium gluconate, and sodium lactate for treatment of neonatal hyperkalemia. Objective: To determine whether modifications to a potassium cocktail formulation, based on a prior quality improvement project, resulted in a decrease in the incidence of hyperglycemia and acidosis associated with its use, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the k-cocktail in lowering serum potassium levels and the incidence of adverse effects. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of neonates with hyperkalemia who received 2 k-cocktail formulations (group 1 [n = 13], original formulation, dextrose:insulin 5:1; group 2 [n = 26], modified formulation, dextrose: insulin 3.3:1). Group 2 subjects were matched 2:1 by gestational age and birth weight with those in group 1. Variables related to safety and effectiveness of therapy were assessed by medical record review. The following tests were used to assess group differences: χ2, Fisher exact, 2-tailed t-tests, and mixed linear models. Results: The incidence of hyperglycemia during the modified k-cocktail infusion in group 2 decreased from 76.9% to 217% (p = 0.001). Serum blood glucose concentrations increased during the infusion, on average, for group 1 infants and were unchanged during the infusion for those in group 2. The incidence of acidosis during the infusion was similar between groups (group 1 [76.9%] vs group 2 [68.2%]; p = 0.58). No significant adverse events were observed. Serum potassium concentrations decreased similarly in both groups. Conclusions: An intravenous infusion including a dextrose:insulin ratio of 3.3:1. compared with a higher ratio, results in less hyperglycemia and appears to be as effective in decreasing potassium concentrations in newborns.
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Binder, Jean, Leon IV Aillaud und Lionel Schilli. „The Project Management Cocktail Model: An Approach for Balancing Agile and ISO 21500“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 119 (März 2014): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.022.
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Krause, Rahel, Justin Kühn, Thomas Gries, Maren Gültner und Yvette Dietzel. „Molotov cocktail protection - protective clothing material for emergency forces“. Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 3, Nr. 2 (22.09.2022): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2022.3.p201-211.
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In order to better protect emergency personnel, a suitable material was sought that would meet various requirements. To achieve this, a project was carried out by the Saxon Textile Research Institute e. V. (STFI), Germany and the Institut für Textiltechnik (ITA) of RWTH Aachen University, Germany, called “Molotov cocktail protection – protective clothing material for emergency forces”. First, suitable fiber mixtures were selected and then tested for a high accuracy of fit. Afterwards, specially designed fabrics were developed and produced to realize a smooth surface. In addition, a coating for high hydrophobia was established. To examine these newly developed fabrics, a test procedure was developed and modified. Results show correlations between fiber selection as well as yarn and fabric construction with the resulting fabric properties. Findings can be given in the form of technological and product-related recommendations.
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Nekita, A. G., und S. A. Malenko. „"COCKTAIL" CHEBURASHKA: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATING AND PROMOTING AN IMAGE IN RUSSIANMASS CINEMA“. Experience industries Socio-Cultural Research Technologies, Nr. 3 (2024): 238–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/eiscrt-2024-3(8)-238-275.
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The Russian family comedy Cheburashka became not only an example of a successful commercial project, but also demonstrated an example of professional adaptation of Hollywood technologies in the modern domestic socio-cultural space. Against the background of a steady and continuously increasing nostalgia for the Soviet past, a creative product was created in which the audience’s illusions about the Soviet Cheburashka and new Western-oriented, ideologized cultural values were strangely combined, which turned out to be encoded in the characters, subject environment andplot twists of the film. The image of Cheburashka in Soviet culture evolved from an amorphous animal with an unspecified species to a common Soviet symbol of childhood with an appropriate set of existential meanings. According to the authors of the Russian Cheburashka, they created a new story of this character, at the same time, the retroatmosphere of the picture and the set of characters invariably refer viewers to the Soviet Cheburashka. But the new image can only formally be attributed to its visual prototype, since it was intentionally created as a visual and semantic structure appealing to the prevailing industrial thematism and consumer values in Russian society. That is why the new Cheburashka becomes an “Easter egg”, implicitly indicating the presence in one film of several dozen purposefully borrowed elements of images of popular characters from commercially successful Western, Soviet and Russian media projects of the past decades. Such technology makes it possible to fix the prevailing ideological trend associated with the comprehensive assimilation of Western values in the space of Russian culture.
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Raskovalova, Tatiana, Laura Scheffen, Marie-Christine Jacob, Simon Chevalier, Sylvie Tondeur, Bénédicte Bulabois, Mathieu Meunier et al. „Flow cytometry lyophilised-reagent tube for quantifying peripheral blood neutrophil myeloperoxidase expression in myelodysplastic syndromes (MPO-MDS-Develop): protocol for a diagnostic accuracy study“. BMJ Open 12, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2022): e065850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065850.
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IntroductionSuspicion of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is the most common reason for bone marrow aspirate in elderly patients. Peripheral blood neutrophil myeloperoxidase expression quantified by flow cytometric analysis might rule out MDS for up to 35% of patients referred for suspected disease, without requiring bone marrow aspiration. Yet laboratory-developed liquid antibody cocktails have practical limitations, because of lack of standardisation and poor stability. This research project aims to estimate the level of agreement and comparative accuracy between a single-use flow cytometry tube of lyophilised reagents (BD Lyotube Stain 468) and its laboratory-developed liquid reagent counterpart in quantifying peripheral blood neutrophil myeloperoxidase expression, among adult patients referred for suspected MDS.Methods and analysisThe MPO-MDS-Develop project is a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study of two index tests by comparison with a reference standard in consecutive unselected adult patients conducted at a single university hospital. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood samples will be performed by independent operators blinded to the reference diagnosis, using either Lyotube Stain 468 or laboratory-developed liquid reagent cocktail. The reference diagnosis of MDS will be established by cytomorphological evaluation of bone marrow aspirate by two independent haematopathologists blinded to the index test results. Morphologic assessment will be complemented by bone marrow flow cytometric score, karyotype and targeted next-generation sequencing panel of 43 genes, where relevant. The target sample size is 103 patients.Ethics and disseminationAn institutional review board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Est III, Lyon, France) approved the protocol prior to study initiation (reference number: 2020-028-B). Participants will be recruited using an opt-out approach. Efforts will be made to release the primary results within 6 months of study completion.Trial registration numberNCT04399018.
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Stover, Carl P. „The University as A Subject of Policy Analysis“. News for Teachers of Political Science 47 (1985): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900003305.
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Going to alumni cocktail parties is a great idea. Not only are the drinks cheap, but you find out more about your teaching than the "Student Evaluation of Instruction" forms will ever tell you. When students are still talking enthusiastically about a class two to five years later, you know you did something right. When they explicitly mention it as the experience from which they learned most in their degree program, you may be inspired even to write it up for NEWS.What was this experience? It was a class project in which the students were divided into teams and required to investigate major policies that the University had under consideration or had recently enacted.
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Fees, Marine, Barbara Majoor und Annemarie Oord. „Hoe ziet de accountancysector eruit in 2050? AFM en stakeholders in gesprek“. Maandblad voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 98, Nr. 5 (14.11.2024): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.98.139887.
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De AFM is gestart met een project ‘visie 2050’ om een dialoog te stimuleren over hoe de accountancysector er in 2050 uit zou kunnen zien. Verdergaande digitalisering en AI, assurance op duurzaamheidsrapportering, de krappe arbeidsmarkt, veel meer en ook meer diverse stakeholders; vanuit die dagdagelijkse cocktail voor accountants is het een uitdagende vraag hoe het accountancylandschap vorm zal krijgen. Om de dialoog hierover te stimuleren, hebben we op basis van deze trends toekomstscenario’s opgesteld. Vervolgens zijn we als AFM in gesprek gegaan met vertegenwoordigers uit de accountancysector om inzichten op te halen hoe het accountancyberoep zich mogelijk gaat ontwikkelen. Dat gebeurde onder andere tijdens een door de AFM en het MAB georganiseerde rondetafelsessie op Nyenrode, eerder dit jaar.
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Rybin, Vyacheslav, Timur Karimov, Maria Sigaeva, Ekaterina Solomevich, Georgii Kolev und Ekaterina Kopets. „Design of a Smart Bartender with Peristaltic Pumps“. Inventions 4, Nr. 2 (01.05.2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4020026.
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In this paper, the development of a smart scalable system for liquid supply based on high-precision peristaltic pumps is described. The architecture of software and hardware for the proposed system is considered. This liquid supply system can be used for mixed and layered cocktail preparation in public catering establishments, such as bars, as well as for home use. Due to the flexibility and scalability of the system, it is possible to apply it in various branches of human activity, where fine dosing of liquids is required, e.g., for beverage mixing, cooking, health and medical applications. By using open architecture and software, this system can be built in a smart home environment. The cross-platform control software and an embedded Bluetooth module allow using the developed setup in various use case scenarios. The result of the project is a DIY-kit, capable of mixing 6 to 32 different liquids in specified proportions and the programmable sequence.
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Jones, Marion, und Grant Stanley. „Mission Impossible“. International Review of Qualitative Research 4, Nr. 2 (August 2011): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2011.4.2.231.
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This paper reports the reflective journey we undertook as the leaders of a collaborative action research project involving education practitioners and our navigation through a complex web of cooperation, conflict resolution, bargaining and defection. Drawing on these experiences, we seek to make explicit the cocktail of tensions and disordering of research contexts and practices that have remained largely disregarded both in the literature and in everyday self-accounting. By interweaving the plot-lines of ‘game,’ ‘ritual’ and ‘real’ we seek to gain an insight into the rational/irrational behaviour of the various players involved in this ethno-drama, including ourselves. Finally, we posit the claim that educational action research conceived as a ‘critical and (self-critical) collaborative inquiry’ (Zuber-Skerritt, 1996, p.85) has surrendered its democratic values to an all pervading performativity culture and conclude that collaborative action research conducted in the politicised educational contexts of today cannot be true to its ideal.
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DULIŃSKI, Robert, und Dagmara PONIEWSKA. „The Impact of Mash pH and Exogenous Phosphorolytic Enzymes on the Release of Inositol Phosphates, Fermentable Sugars and Polypeptide Profile in the Technology of Buckwheat Beer“. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 1, Nr. 79 (15.05.2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2021.0045.
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The first - already published - stage of the project, which conducted optimization of the temperature mashing program, yielded promising results in the form of an increase in the pool of bioactive myo-inositol by 50% in buckwheat wort supplemented with phosphorolytic enzymes. In this study, it was possible to enhance this effect by adjusting the pH of the mash close to the optimal for phytases, which resulted in a nearly 3-fold increase in myo-inositol concentration, while anti-nutritional phytate was reduced by nearly 75% with a mash pH value at 5.0 and supplementation with a cocktail of commercial phosphorolytic enzymes: Finase P and Finase AP. Changes in the polypeptide profile observed in subsequent wort at a reduced pH of the mash indicate the dominant position of polypeptides in the middle range of molecular weights (10-45 kDa). Ion chromatography coupled with amperometric and conductometric detection modes was used to observe the profile of the key components and the changes that occur in fermentation broths at different pH ranges.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Project COCKTAIL"
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Fraga, Netto Juliana Regina. „Rôle des signaux faibles dans la prise de forme des discours : étude du réseau social X (ex-Twitter)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH019.
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La présente recherche développe, à travers la plateforme numérique COCKTAIL, une analyse de la circulation des discours sur X (ex-Twitter) afin de détecter les tendances et les signaux faibles. La thèse s'appuie sur une méthode pluridisciplinaire, utilisant des algorithmes, pour construire un corpus de tweets. Le but des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives est de savoir comment les signaux faibles peuvent être identifiés dans la circulation des discours sur X. D’un point de vue théorique, le travail repose sur la question de la construction du sens et de savoir comment les signaux faibles émergent et se transforment au fil des interactions sur un dispositif socionumérique. Cette perspective interroge les concepts d'espace public, de communautés, de traces numériques et d'analyse de discours. La thèse se nourrit d'un ensemble de connaissances scientifiques nationales et internationales pour discuter le rôle des signaux faibles dans les interactions des utilisateurs sur X en FranceThis research develops, through the digital platform COCKTAIL, a data analysis of the circulation of speeches on X (formerly Twitter) in order to detect trends and weak signals. The thesis is based on a multidisciplinary method using algorithms to build a corpus of tweets. The aim of the quantitative and qualitative analyses is to find out how weak signals can be identified in the circulation of speeches on X. From a theoretical point of view, the work is based on the question of the construction of meaning and how weak signals emerge and are transformed over the course of interactions on a socio-digital device. This perspective questions the concepts of public space, communities, digital traces and discourse analysis. The thesis draws on a body of national and international scientific knowledge to discuss the role of weak signals in user interactions on X in France
Bücher zum Thema "Project COCKTAIL"
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Quilter's Happy Hour: Eleven Projects With Cocktail Recipes. Martingale and Company, 2008.
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Savarino, Maggie. Seasonal Cocktail Companion: 100 Recipes and Projects for Four Seasons of Drinking. Sasquatch Books, 2011.
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Savarino, Maggie. Seasonal Cocktail Companion: 100 Recipes and Projects for Four Seasons of Drinking. Sasquatch Books, 2011.
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Nessler, Jan. Weekl: Simple All Amazing Aerial Calendar of Measurement the Plan Sam Paper Houston Family Monument Board in Cocktail Journal Hermann Organizer Park Personal Project Texas Daily Digital Running Painting Gratitude It's School, Sure to Make You Smile Glossy. Independently Published, 2022.
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The seasonal cocktail companion: Recipes and projects for four seasons of drinking. Seattle, WA: Sasquatch Books, 2011.
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Kelly, Blaes Anastasia Wilson. The Knitter's Guide to Yarn Cocktails: 30 Technique-Expanding Recipes for Tasty Little Projects. Quarry Books, 2007.
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Wilson, Kelly, und Anastasia Blaes. The Crocheter's Guide to Yarn Cocktails: 30 Technique-Expanding Recipes for Tasty Little Projects. Quarry Books, 2007.
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Journals, Brewing. Vodka Logbook: Write Records of Vodkas, Projects, Tastings, Equipment, Cocktails, Guides, Reviews and Courses. Independently published, 2019.
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The Knitter's Guide to Yarn Cocktails: 30 Technique-Expanding Recipes for Tasty Little Projects. Quarry Books, 2007.
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Bull, Stephen. Encyclopedia of Military Technology and Innovation. www.greenwood.com, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400686030.
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From the Abrams M1 tank to the zeppelin, this essential reference details the invention and evolution of nearly 600 of the most important advances in military technology from prehistory to the present. International in scope, it covers weapons, ammunition, defenses, land vehicles, aircraft, ships, detection, stealth, gear, supplies, weapons of mass destruction, and much more. Whether researching such cutting-edge technologies as the B-2 Stealth Bomber, Patriot Missile, and the Roborat project or such historical topics as forts, Molotov cocktails, or the U-2, Encyclopedia of Military Technology and Innovation is a must-have reference. Warfare and national defense have provided a strong stimulus for technological advances throughout history. This reference provides students and researchers from high school through college, scholars, and the general public essential information, historical perspective, and scientific context to understand better the development, capabilities, and uses of major military technologies. Fifty illustrations, helpful cross-references, a bibliography, and an index help users navigate this reference and supplement their research.
Buchteile zum Thema "Project COCKTAIL"
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Thomson, Peter. „The Long Way Home“. In Sacred Sea. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170511.003.0018.
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A Friday in July . . . Boston is a tangle of cranes and earthmovers, half-built flyovers and half-dug trenches and a huge steel snake slithering along the narrowest of paths through the chaos—Amtrak’s Lake Shore Limited, weaving its way through the city’s $15 billion highway construction project known as the Big Dig and heading westward toward Albany, Cleveland, and Chicago. We’ve said our last goodbyes to the family, hauled our backpacks into our two-person sleeping compartment, and finally, after weeks of ever-more frantic preparation, begun to feel the rhythm of the world rumbling slowly by beneath us, the rhythm of our lives for the next six months. The train picks up headway as it groans past the hallowed green walls of Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox and the spiritual center of New England, the dense triple-decker blocks of the inner suburbs and the verdant lawns and oak groves of the outer suburbs. James and I sit across from each other, grinning slightly, both a little intoxicated by a cocktail of excitement, relief, and anxiety. Family, friends, work, school, daily antagonisms, and well-worn rituals are all receding physically if not yet mentally. Over the horizon ahead loom Alaska, the Pacific, Japan, Vladivostok, Lake Baikal, and 25,000 miles or so of who knows what else. But it’s no big deal, we tell ourselves. We’re heading home, just taking the long way. Just past dawn, west of Cleveland, we’re running two and a half hours late. Our sleeping car attendant, Fred, tells us that we lost time overnight to track repairs, slow-loading mail shipments, and freight trains. Once you start to lose a little time on this run, he says, you quickly end up losing a lot, because the tracks are owned by the freight companies, and their trains have priority. If an Amtrak train slips off schedule, it starts the kind of chain reaction of delays that have earned this train the nickname the Late Shore Limited. I ask Fred if we’re going to make our connection in Chicago. “Not if we keep stopping like this,” he says.
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Ghertner, D. Asher, und Robert W. Lake. „Land Fictions and the Politics of Commodification in City and Country“. In Land Fictions, 1–25. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753732.003.0001.
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This chapter explores the “land fictions” underpinning this variable land commodification recipe, without presuming that the cocktail of commodified outcomes it produces follows a single storyline or shares a fixed cast of characters. It emphasizes the continuous work of legal, regulatory, and narrative fictions that go into the making of land as a commodity and that enact and sustain the property relations that underpin linked value projects. This involves following the stories spun by land aggregators, developers, financiers, and marketers in all their guises. To open up the narratives, storylines, and discourses that govern the commodity world of land, the chapter introduces Karl Polanyi's classic argument about the commodity fiction underpinning what he termed market society, by which he meant a political-economic order in which social life is organized to meet the pecuniary, ideological, and administrative needs of a so-called self-regulating market. With the recognition of commodity fiction, this chapter unveils the constitutive fictions by which various nonmarket functions of land, labor, and money become imaginatively and practically stripped away, reducing complex social and natural systems to “elements of industry” or mere objects of exchange.
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Brown, Kathryn. „Freelance Writing“. In A Field Guide for Science Writers. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174991.003.0017.
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Living on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., I often encounter that classic cocktail party question, “And what do you do?” When I say I'm a freelance writer, people tend to respond in one of two ways. Some lean forward, suck in their breath, and marvel at how romantic and free my days must be. Others cluck, tilt their heads, and mutter that life must sure get bleak, scratching out a living on words. The truth lies somewhere between. Among freelancing's perks, flexibility ranks high. I might write about bio-defense one day and mental health the next. I might work in the library, on the porch—or, yes, in my gym clothes. My time is my own. The price for this luxury? Responsibility. Freelances are entrepreneurs. It's our job to find work, negotiate that work, and handle all the business details, from taxes, insurance, and retirement accounts to business cards and printer paper. If you're starting—or nurturing—a freelance science writing career, here are some practical tips to consider along the way. From cloning and stem cells to space exploration, food, and the environment, the visibility of science in society is strong. That's good news for freelances. Don't limit yourself to a handful of poorly paying publications, when you might be growing and learning (not to mention earning a better living) by diversifying. Today's successful freelances often go beyond writing straight magazine articles to writing trade books or projects for nonprofits, Web Sites, corporations, government agencies, and public relations agencies. As you diversify, hunt for one or more anchor clients—those who will hire you repeatedly. Also, consider following the tried-and-true technique of trading up. If you need experience, there's nothing wrong with freelancing for a city paper or tiny nonprofit (not big money-makers). Afterward, you can build on that experience—returning to those clients, while also using your clips to pitch other, bigger projects elsewhere. Diversifying doesn't mean you have to write everything. What if you have a passion for one field, in particular—say, physics? Just as staff writers cover a beat, some freelances feel most comfortable specializing in something they can learn top to bottom.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Project COCKTAIL"
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Obakhena, O. F., T. G. Biambo, J. Alli-Oluwafuyi, C. Anijekwu, S. Ogbodu, E. Okolomma, O. Braimah und K. Eke. „Realizing Value Through Focused HPHT Wells Intervention – The GAMMA Story“. In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217167-ms.
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Abstract Gamma field, a brown onshore field in Niger Delta, Nigeria, has been producing oil and gas from normally hydrostatic pressured reservoirs for over 40 years. In 2017, a drilling campaign, targeting two HPHT natural gas reservoirs, kicked off as part of a gas development project to supply gas to the export gas market. This was the first of its kind in SPDC with seven wells planned to be drilled in a campaign mode to optimize project cost and timing. Being the first experience of drilling and completion of HPHT wells, there were several challenges encountered. Drilling challenges includes stuck pipes and loss of BHAs leading to several hole sidetracks. Completions challenges encountered were sustained high casing head pressures due to material corrosion and inflow impairment due to drilling and completions fluids used. A very significant challenge was the loss in well productivity of these high-rate HP gas wells due to the heavy barite-weighted drilling mud used to drill the reservoir section (for well control) was also left in hole for over 6 months before well clean up and production. Therefore, there was a mixed outcome from the drilling campaign, with over 50% of the wells experiencing a potential loss (the wells were tested to rates of 20 – 85MMscf/d against an expectation of over 100MMscf/d. The loss of productivity was adjudged to be due to the caked barite across the reservoir section below the Formation Isolation Valves (FIV) which plugged the sand control screens, resulting in very high drawdowns. Furthermore, two of the wells produced with high casing head pressures (High A-Annulus pressures) equaling the Maximum Annulus Allowable Surface Pressures (MAASP) of the wells and were closed in for well integrity reasons. As part of well productivity restoration, some premium bespoke cocktail of stimulation chemicals was selected (Imbazi, Oyeintonbra, et al, 2019) and with an effective well intervention program was designed and executed by joint team of local and global Experts. Currently, 5 of the 7 originally planned wells have been restored post well intervention and are producing above expectation. This paper discusses how the value of these wells are ultimately realized, what was done, what was achieved and how the learnings from the first drilling campaign were incorporated to achieve better results in later wells.
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Tahir, M., A. Farzaneh, E. Hoffmann, R. Hincapie, T. Clemens, S. Mikulic, D. Steinede et al. „Assessing Alkali-Polymer Interactions for EOR: Observations from Laboratory Evaluations and Field Application in Austria“. In SPE Europe Energy Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220103-ms.
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Abstract We investigate into optimizing alkali-polymer (AP) flooding in brownfields, focusing on the critical initiation of fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions for enhanced oil recovery. A detailed screening of the AP cocktail is vital for cost efficiency and for maximising the efficacy of the chemical slug. Our research outlines industry-standard laboratory methods to screen chemicals for AP pilots and field implementation, using the example of an AP pilot in Austria. The key to our screening process is fluid characterisation, enabling the selection of chemical concentrations suitable for the targeted interactions. Crucial to the fluid-fluid interaction assessment is the stability of produced emulsion, interfacial tension (IFT) measurements, and comprehensive fluid rheology analysis. For probing rock-fluid interactions, we employed both single-phase and two-phase core floods, which are fundamental for understanding the dynamics within the heterogeneous reservoir. Core floods were conducted using low permeability (perm) and high perm core plugs to capture the breadth of reservoir conditions. This approach allowed for a detailed evaluation of displacement efficiency and potential injectivity limitations. In a novel extension of our study, we simulated the in-situ ageing of the AP slug, considering its increased anionicity. This involved conducting two-phase core floods with aged chemicals, providing unique insights into the temporal evolution of chemical efficacy and interaction. Our findings revealed a specific alkali concentration of 7,500 ppm as optimal for the AP slug—the interaction between the alkali-polymer and high Total Acid Number (TAN) dead oil produced emulsions. A noteworthy observation was the micro-instability of these emulsions, evidenced by changes in viscosity and volume over time. Regarding injectivity, single-phase core floods indicated that the vendor-B AP slug (PolymerB) outperformed the vendor-A AP slug (PolymerA), although challenges in mechanical stability were observed. Interestingly, the additional recovery factors (RF) were higher for PolymerA-based AP slugs than PolymerB-based APs from high perm core plugs. A similar trend for the additional RF for low perm plugs was observed. Furthermore, a consistent trend in additional oil recovery was observed for both aged and un-aged chemical slugs through high perm core plugs. This led to the conclusion that in-situ ageing of the AP slug could be a viable strategy for reducing costs (low concentrations) while enhancing injectivity. Overall, we provided valuable insights into the in-situ stability of the AP slug derived from fluid-fluid optimisation and rock-fluid interactions. It also underscores the significance of in-situ stability as it directly impacts injectivity and sweep efficiency in porous media. The findings presented are crucial for refining the screening criteria for the pilot project. Moreover, ensuring a more effective and economically enhanced brownfield oil recovery process.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Project COCKTAIL"
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Yedidia, I., H. Senderowitz und A. O. Charkowski. Small molecule cocktails designed to impair virulence targets in soft rot Erwinias. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134165.bard.
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Chemical signaling between beneficial or pathogenic bacteria and plants is a central factor in determining the outcome of plant-microbe interactions. Pectobacterium and Dickeya (soft rot Erwinias) are the major cause of soft rot, stem rot, and blackleg formed on potato and ornamentals, currently with no effective control. Our major aim was to establish and study specific bacterial genes/proteins as targets for anti-virulence compounds, by combining drug design tools and bioinformatics with experimental work. The approach allowed us to identify and test compounds (small molecules) that specifically interfere with the activities of these targets, by this impairing bacterial virulence. Two main targets were selected within the frame of the BARD project. The first is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) that have been characterized here for the first time in Pectobacteriaceae, and the second is the quorum sensing (QS) machinery of Pectobacterium with its major proteins and in particular, the AHL synthase ExpI that was identified as the preferred target for inhibition. Both systems are strongly associated with bacterial virulence and survival in planta. We found that Pectobacteriaceae, namely Dickeya and Pectobacterium, encode more ABC transporters and MCP in their genomes, compared to other bacteria in the order. For MCP, soft rot Pectobacteriaceae not only contain more than 30 MCP genes per strain, but also have more diverse ligand binding domains than other species in the Enterobacteriales. These findings suggest that both ABC transporters and MCP are important for soft rot Pectobacteriaceae pathogenicity. We now have a selection of mutants in these proteins that may be further explored to understand their direct involvement in virulence. In parallel, we studied the QS central proteins in pectobacteria, the signaling molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthase, ExpI, and the response regulator ExpR, and established their phylogenetic relations within plant pathogenic Gram negative bacteria. Next, these proteins were used for virtual screening of millions of compounds in order to discover new compounds with potential to interfere with the QS machinery. Several natural compounds were tested for their interference with virulence related traits in Pectobacterium and their capability to minimize soft rot infections. Our findings using microcalorimetric binding studies have established for the first time direct interaction between the protein ExpI and two natural ligands, the plant hormone salicylic acid and the volatile compound carvacrol. These results supported a model by which plants interfere with bacterial communication through interkingdom signaling. The collaborative project yielded two research papers and a comprehensive review, which included new computational and bioinformatics data, in Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., the highest ranked journal in phytopathology. Additional two papers are in preparation. In order to transform the fundamental knowledge that have been gained during this collaborative BARD project into agricultural practice, to control soft rot bacteria, we have submitted a continual project.