Zeitschriftenartikel: „Produits commerciaux – Recyclage“

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Johnson, Craig, Jason Morrow und Misha Minasyan. „Recycle Processor for Commercial Aircraft Wing Trimmings“. Materials Science Forum 941 (Dezember 2018): 2413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2413.

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Tons of composite trimmings are regularly generated as a result of current production methods in commercial aircraft wing component fabrication. Specific to this proposal, a local facility produces trimmings that range in thickness from about a centimeter to over two inches thick and varying widths from a few inches to six inches and lengths up to five feet. Reducing the cost of the disposition of these trimmings and a reduction of waste to landfill are the primary motivations for this work. A processor was devised that both separates fiber and reduces volume. This device is a vertical crusher/roller into which the ‘boards’ are inserted. An initial cogged wheel delaminates much of the board. Secondary wheels and hammers crush the matrix. The resulting matrix is captured at the bottom, while the fibers are pulled off to a side roller. Preliminary testing of a prototype indicates that a composite board takes 156 ksi to initiate delamination in bending. A sub-size device with components was designed and built. The device was designed in the fall of 2017 and constructed over the winter. By spring the system was operational and test data was generated for the processor. Test parameters include percent and amounts of recovered fiber, processing rates related to all the composite constituents, packing volumes, and overall energy management. A report was generated in concurrence with our MET489 Senior Project capstone course by the end of the current academic year.

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Crook, Brian. „147 Keynote: Bioaerosols Associated with Waste and Recycling – Balancing the Circular Economy with Occupational Health and Safety“. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (01.05.2023): i1—i2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.003.

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Abstract Economic and environmental pressures are increasingly driving all areas of industry, not least waste and recycling. For many years waste disposal was the forgotten industrial sector, with little attention paid other than finding an out-of-the-way location for a landfill site. Initially, concerns about environmental consequences of pollution stimulated alternative approaches. This led to recycling becoming a virtue, then a legal necessity through reduce-reuse-recycle and targets driven by national and international legislation. However, the virtues and legal requirements to minimise single use disposal of waste materials and encouraging greater recycling has to be done without adding to human health risk. Domestic and commercial waste is by definition a complex and diverse mix of materials requiring separation into individual recyclable products. Despite increasing automation, waste recycling still remains (and will for some time to come) labour-intensive. Some practices associated with waste recycling may increase the potential for workers to be exposed to dusts, chemicals and, where organic materials are involved, bioaerosols (airborne micro-organisms or their products). Uncontrolled exposure to bioaerosols via inhalation can increase the potential for allergic lung disease, potentially putting waste and recycling workers at risk. Engineering control such as the use of local exhaust ventilation is feasible but can be difficult to apply, and personal protection often is not a practical alternative. This presentation will describe research showing potential exposure to bioaerosols in waste composting, materials recycling facilities and energy from waste, the possible health consequences of exposure, and will consider practical mitigations applicable to the industry.

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Çiftci, Cihan, Ayşe Erdoğan und Mustafa Serdar Genç. „Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of a New Generation Wind Turbine Blade Technology“. Energies 16, Nr. 4 (16.02.2023): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041961.

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Wind turbine blades are one of the largest parts of wind power systems. It is a handicap that these large parts of numerous wind turbines will become scrap in the near future. To prevent this handicap, newly produced blades should be recyclable. In this study, a turbine blade, known as the new generation of turbine blade, was manufactured with reinforced carbon beams and recycled, low-density polyethylene materials. The manufacturing addressed in this study reveals two novelties: (1) it produces a heterogeneous turbine blade; and (2) it produces a recyclable blade. In addition, this study also covers mechanical tests using a digital image correlation (DIC) system and modeling investigations of the new generation blade. For the mechanical tests, displacement and strain data of both new generation and conventional commercial blades were measured by the DIC method. Instead of dealing with the modeling difficulty of the new generation blade’s heterogeneity we modeled the blade structural system as a whole using the moment–curvature method as part of the finite element method. Then, the behavior of both the new generation and commercial blades at varying wind speeds and different angles of attack were compared. Consequently, the data reveal that the new generation blades performed sufficiently well compared with commercial blades regarding their stiffness.

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Wu, Haizhou, Bita Forghani, Mursalin Sajib und Ingrid Undeland. „A Recyclable Dipping Strategy to Stabilize Herring (Clupea harengus) Co-products During Ice Storage“. Food and Bioprocess Technology 14, Nr. 12 (09.10.2021): 2207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-021-02717-9.

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AbstractApplying value-adding techniques to fish filleting co-products is rendered difficult due to their high susceptibility to lipid oxidation, microbial spoilage, and amine formation. In this study, a recyclable dipping strategy was developed and investigated for its ability to stabilize herring (Clupea harengus) co-products (head, backbone, caudal fin, intestines, belly flap, skin, and in some cases roe) against oxidation and microbial spoilage. From initial screening of seven antioxidative components/formulas in minced herring co-products during ice storage, an oil-soluble rosemary extract (RE-B) and isoascorbic acid (IAA) were identified as most promising candidates. These compounds were then formulated to a recyclable solution to be used for dipping of the herring co-products. The commercial Duralox MANC antioxidant mixture was used as a positive control. Dipping in 0.2% RE-B solution ± 0.5% IAA or in 2% Duralox MANC solutions remarkably increased the oxidation lag phase from < 1 day to > 12 days during subsequent storage on ice (0–1 °C) of minced or intact co-products, respectively, even when the antioxidant solutions were re-used up to 10 times. The dipping also reduced microbiological growth and total volatile basic nitrogen, but the effect became weaker with an increased number of re-using cycles. The presented dipping strategies could hereby facilitate more diversified end use of herring co-products from current fish meal to high-quality minces, protein isolates, or oils for the food industry.

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Song, Dong-Heon, Van Ba Hoa, Hyoun Wook Kim, Sun Moon Khang, Soo-Hyun Cho, Jun-Sang Ham und Kuk-Hwan Seol. „Edible Films on Meat and Meat Products“. Coatings 11, Nr. 11 (01.11.2021): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111344.

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In 2018, the worldwide consumption of meat was 346.14 million tonnes, and this is expected to increase in the future. As meat consumption increases, the use of packaging materials is expected to increase along with it. Petrochemical packaging materials which are widely used in the meat processing industry, take a long time to regenerate and biodegrade, thus they adversely affect the environment. Therefore, the necessity for the development of eco-friendly packaging materials for meat processing, which are easily degradable and recyclable, came to the fore. The objective of this review is to describe the application of natural compound-derived edible films with their antioxidant and antibacterial activities in meat and meat products. For several decades, polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum, alginate, carrageenan and chitosan), proteins (milk, collagen and isolated soy protein) and lipids (essential oil, waxes, emulsifiers, plasticizers and resins) were studied as basic materials for edible films to reduce plastic packaging. There are still high consumer demands for eco-friendly alternatives to petrochemical-based plastic packaging, and edible films can be used in a variety of ways in meat processing. More efforts to enhance the physiological and functional properties of edible films are needed for commercial application to meat and meat products.

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Chen, Junlei, Jihui Wang und Aiqing Ni. „Recycling and reuse of composite materials for wind turbine blades: An overview“. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, Nr. 12 (01.03.2019): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419833470.

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Based on the increasing number of end of life wind turbine blades and the emphasis on resource conservation and environmental protection, more and more attention has been paid to the recycling and reuse of thermoset composite materials for wind turbine blades. This paper gives an overview of the main recycling technologies and reuse of recycled products. Current recycling technology still needs more work to move from laboratory stage to commercial production. Cheaper, less polluting, and more efficient recycling technologies are needed, along with remanufacturing technologies for high performance products can be obtained to expand the market for recycled materials. In addition, new environmentally friendly blade materials should be designed from the source, using natural fiber, modified thermosetting resin and recyclable thermoplastic resin, which make wind energy a truly clean energy.

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Kim, Jihoon, Sungho Tae und Rakhyun Kim. „Theoretical Study on the Production of Environment-Friendly Recycled Cement Using Inorganic Construction Wastes as Secondary Materials in South Korea“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 12 (27.11.2018): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124449.

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The cement industry endeavors to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing by utilizing industrial by-products as alternative fuels and developing secondary concrete products from construction wastes. With these efforts, the cement industry is attempting to become more eco-friendly and reduce environmental load. This study analyzed the possibility of using inorganic construction wastes to produce environmentally friendly recycled cement using the process of proportioning. To this end, the types and production trends of recyclable construction wastes and previous studies on the development of recycled cement using such construction wastes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, recyclable inorganic construction wastes were selected, and real waste was collected. The chemical composition of each inorganic construction waste was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and the composition of ordinary commercial cement was used as the baseline. After the collected inorganic construction wastes were mixed, they were fired using the Bogue formula. The mineral components of clinker, which was generated from the firing process, were predicted and analyzed. Waste gypsum board and ceiling materials were shown to contain large amounts of CaO, which could substitute limestone—a key component of cement. These results suggested that if the limestone content was greater than 85 wt %, mixing inorganic construction wastes in appropriate proportions could be used to develop various types of Portland cement.

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Stratiev, Dicho Stoyanov, Ivelina Kostova Shishkova, Rosen Kocev Dinkov, Ivan Petrov Petrov, Iliyan Venkov Kolev, Dobromir Yordanov, Sotir Sotirov et al. „Crude Slate, FCC Slurry Oil, Recycle, and Operating Conditions Effects on H-Oil® Product Quality“. Processes 9, Nr. 6 (27.05.2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060952.

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This paper evaluates the influence of crude oil (vacuum residue) properties, the processing of fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil, and recycle of hydrocracked vacuum residue diluted with fluid catalytic cracking heavy cycle oil, and the operating conditions of the H-Oil vacuum residue hydrocracking on the quality of the H-Oil liquid products. 36 cases of operation of a commercial H-Oil® ebullated bed hydrocracker were studied at different feed composition, and different operating conditions. Intercriteria analysis was employed to define the statistically meaningful relations between 135 parameters including operating conditions, feed and products characteristics. Correlations and regression equations which related the H-Oil® mixed feed quality and the operating conditions (reaction temperature, and reaction time (throughput)) to the liquid H-Oil® products quality were developed. The developed equations can be used to find the optimal performance of the whole refinery considering that the H-Oil liquid products are part of the feed for the units: fluid catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, road pavement bitumen, and blending.

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Sikdar, Soumya, Arpith Siddaiah und Pradeep L. Menezes. „Conversion of Waste Plastic to Oils for Tribological Applications“. Lubricants 8, Nr. 8 (22.07.2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8080078.

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Plastics are widely used owing to their light weight, easy production, and low cost. Even though plastics find application in different fields of industries and households, they do not degrade easily. If plastics are not disposed of appropriately, it has been shown that they cause widespread environmental pollution, which poses risks to human health. Recycling waste plastics has been an alternative to mitigating plastic pollution, which usually requires high labour costs and produces contaminated water during processing. If plastic recycling will contribute to the development of tribological products like lubricating oils, it is a safer alternative to disposing of plastics in the environment. In order to understand the tribological use of plastics by recycling, the present study reviews different techniques that can be employed to transform waste plastics into petroleum-based oils. The viscosity, density, and friction of pyrolyzed waste plastic oils are investigated and compared with commercial lubricants to assess their potential lubrication applications. The segregation processes, catalytic isomerization dewaxing, and Fischer–Tropsch method to recycle waste plastics are also reviewed to provide an insight into the methods to transform pyrolyzed waste plastic into lubricants.

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Corsaro, Carmelo, Giulia Neri, Antonio Santoro und Enza Fazio. „Acrylate and Methacrylate Polymers’ Applications: Second Life with Inexpensive and Sustainable Recycling Approaches“. Materials 15, Nr. 1 (31.12.2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010282.

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Polymers are widely employed in several fields thanks to their wide versatility and the easy derivatization routes. However, a wide range of commercial polymers suffer from limited use on a large scale due to their inert nature. Nowadays, acrylate and methacrylate polymers, which are respectively derivatives of acrylic or methacrylic acid, are among the most proposed materials for their useful characteristics like good biocompatibility, capping ability toward metal clusters, low price, potentially recyclability and reusability. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of this class of smart polymers focusing our attention on their current technological applications in medical, electronic, food packaging and environmental remediation fields. Furthermore, we deal with the main issue of their recyclability, considering that the current commercial bioplastics are not yet able to meet the global needs as much as to totally replace fossil-fuel-based products. Finally, the most accredited strategies to reach recyclable composites based on acrylic polymers are described.

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Pop, Mihai Alin, Mihaela Cosnita, Cătălin Croitoru, Sebastian Marian Zaharia, Simona Matei und Cosmin Spîrchez. „3D-Printed PLA Molds for Natural Composites: Mechanical Properties of Green Wax-Based Composites“. Polymers 15, Nr. 11 (28.05.2023): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112487.

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The first part of this paper is dedicated to obtaining 3D-printed molds using poly lactic acid (PLA) incorporating specific patterns, which have the potential to serve as the foundation for sound-absorbing panels for various industries and aviation. The molding production process was utilized to create all-natural environmentally friendly composites. These composites mainly comprise paper, beeswax, and fir resin, including automotive function as the matrices and binders. In addition, fillers, such as fir needles, rice flour, and Equisetum arvense (horsetail) powder, were added in varying amounts to achieve the desired properties. The mechanical properties of the resulting green composites, including impact and compressive strength, as well as maximum bending force value, were evaluated. The morphology and internal structure of the fractured samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an optical microscopy. The highest impact strength was measured for the composites with beeswax, fir needles, recyclable paper, and beeswax fir resin and recyclable paper, 19.42 and 19.32 kJ/m2, respectively, while the highest compressive strength was 4 MPa for the beeswax and horsetail-based green composite. Natural-material-based composites exhibited 60% higher mechanical performance compared to similar commercial products used in the automotive industry.

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Nilakantan, Gaurav, und Steven Nutt. „Reuse and upcycling of thermoset prepreg scrap: Case study with out-of-autoclave carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg“. Journal of Composite Materials 52, Nr. 3 (10.05.2017): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317707253.

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A large amount of uncured thermoset prepreg scrap is generated during manufacturing, including both ply cutter trim waste and out-of-spec material. While techniques to recycle end-of-life cured composite waste and reclaim carbon fiber are well established and commercialized, there is little effort made presently towards reusing uncured scrap prepreg. Here, we present a viable and scalable technique to process scrap prepreg into intermediate forms that can be readily manufactured into commercial end-products. Using out-of-autoclave carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg as an example, we report the mechanical properties, microstructure, and performance of composite laminates fabricated with scrap prepreg under various processing conditions. Demonstrator parts manufactured with scrap prepreg are also presented.

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Tsai, Wen-Tien. „Mandatory Recycling of Waste Cooking Oil from Residential and Commercial Sectors in Taiwan“. Resources 8, Nr. 1 (18.02.2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010038.

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Waste cooking oil (WCO) has been considered a low-cost and renewable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and biobased products if it can be economically and efficiently collected and recycled. The objective of this case study is to review the scientific background of WCO recycling in the literature in connection with the regulatory and promotional measures in Taiwan under the authorization of a legal waste management system. Furthermore, the updated information about the on-line reporting WCO amounts in Taiwan is also analyzed to illustrate its significant increase in the recycling status of WCO officially designated as one of the mandatory recyclable wastes since 2015. Finally, an overview of available utilization of WCO as biodiesel, fuel oil, and non-fuel related uses is briefly addressed in this paper. It shows that the collected amounts of WCO from residential and commercial sectors in Taiwan significantly increased from 1599 tonnes in 2015 to 12,591 tonnes, reflecting on the WCO recycling regulation effective since 2015. Practically, the most important option for this urban mining is to reuse WCO as an energy source for the productions of biodiesel and auxiliary fuel. Other non-fuel related uses include the production of soaps/detergents, C-18 fatty acids, and lubricants. However, the reuse of WCO as a feed additive should be banned to prevent it from re-entering the food chain.

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Dini, Irene, Giulia Graziani, Francalisa Luisa Fedele, Andrea Sicari, Francesco Vinale, Luigi Castaldo und Alberto Ritieni. „An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing“. Antioxidants 9, Nr. 6 (01.06.2020): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060466.

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In the Rural Development Plan (2014–2020), the European Commission encouraged the conversion and supported the maintenance of organic farming. Organic olive oil (bioEVOO) production involves the use of environmentally sustainable fertilizers and the recycling of olive pomace (Pom) and olive vegetation waters (VW) to reduce the environmental impact of these wastes. An ecofriendly way to recycle olive wastes is to reuse them to extract bioactive compounds. In this study, the total phenolic compounds content, their profile and dosage, the antioxidant action in oil, pomace, and vegetation water was evaluated when the Trichoderma harzianum M10 was used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Two spectrophotometric tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS)) evaluated the antioxidant potential of samples, a spectrophotometric method estimated total phenolic content, and an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)–Orbitrap method evaluated the phenolics profile. Our results showed that the biostimulation improved the antioxidant potential and the total concentration of phenolics in the bioEVOO and bio-pomace (bioPom) samples and mainly enhanced, among all classes of phenolic compounds, the production of the flavonoids and the secoiridoids. Moreover, they demonstrated the Trichoderma action in the mevalonate pathway to produce phenols for the first time. The decisive action of the Thricoderma on the production of phenolic compounds increases the economic value of the waste materials as a source of bioactive compounds useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

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Herbstritt, Stephanie M., Siobhan L. Fathel, Brett Reinford und Tom L. Richard. „Waste to Worth: A Case Study of the Biogas Circular Economy in Pennsylvania“. Journal of the ASABE 66, Nr. 3 (2023): 771–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14889.

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Highlights The case study farm produces 66% of its biogas from off-farm food waste sources, highlighting the potential to increase the circularity of food and agricultural systems when farms capture and recycle external waste sources. The farm can meet 78% of its crop nitrogen needs from waste products recycled in digestion, assuming a 37% nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, phosphorus in the imported food waste creates an excess relative to crop needs. The farm creates an excess of energy that is returned to the electric grid, providing broader off-farm benefits through a circular economy approach. Widespread commercial implementation of circular economy principles in the U.S. dairy sector requires more measured data about how farms successfully implement circularity within the constraints of market incentives and farm operations. Abstract. Coupling agricultural production with sustainable bioenergy systems may help us improve the circular economy of the food system and work within planetary boundaries for climate stabilization. However, leading sustainable dairies often do not have data to support that claim. As a result, practical case studies of circular economies with measured data from commercially operating farms are lacking in the literature, which is instead dominated by hypothetical and theoretical analyses. To grow and scale commercial implementation of circular economy and sustainability principles, it is important to understand how commercial farms implement these principles within the constraints of market incentives and actual farm operations. We conducted a case study of a commercial dairy farm in Pennsylvania, where a well-managed anaerobic digester system serves as the basis for a circular farm economy and allows the next generation to grow the farm business and expand the portfolio of revenue streams. The farm recycles food and agricultural waste into heat, renewable electricity, and fertilizer to heat and power the farm, amend the soil, and reduce farm costs. We also highlight the potential to scale the case study farm's circular economy approach in Pennsylvania using the state's projected 2030 manure, corn stover, winter double crops, switchgrass, and food waste resources to produce energy via biogas or renewable natural gas (RNG). We estimate the state could generate 40 million MJ annually from such integrated anaerobic digestion systems, meeting 3% of its electricity consumption. Circular economies like this case study can be designed in food and agricultural systems to operate within the constraints of an operating farm and recycle waste, produce nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich soil amendments and reduce imports of synthetic fertilizers, reduce and offset fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with crop and livestock production, regenerate natural ecosystems, help ensure agricultural resilience and sustainability, and provide economic benefits. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Circular economy, Digestate, Food waste.

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Al-Athamin, Esra’a Amin, Safwat Hemidat, Husam Al-Hamaiedeh, Salah H. Aljbour, Tayel El-Hasan und Abdallah Nassour. „A Techno-Economic Analysis of Sustainable Material Recovery Facilities: The Case of Al-Karak Solid Waste Sorting Plant, Jordan“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 23 (25.11.2021): 13043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313043.

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Solid waste sorting facilities are constructed and operated to properly manage solid waste for both material and energy recovery. This paper investigates the possible technical and economic performance of the Al-Karak solid waste sorting plant in order to achieve financial sustainability and increase the profits that return on the plant to cover its operating costs. A standard procedure was followed to quantify and characterize the input materials of commercial solid waste by determining the recyclable materials in the sorting products. Thus, possible different equipment and material flows through the plant were proposed. An economic model was used in order to know the feasibility of the proposed options of the plant according to three economic factors, which are net present worth (NPW), return on investment (ROI), and payback period values. The results inferred that the characterization of the input materials contains a high portion of recyclable materials of paper, cardboard, plastic, and metals, which accounted for 63%. In this case, the mass of rejected waste to be landfilled was 9%. Results for the proposed options showed that the economic analysis is feasible when working loads on three and two shifts with ROI values of 4.4 and 3.5 with a payback period of the initial cost in 2 and 3 years, respectively. Working load on one shift was not feasible, which resulted in an ROI value of less than 2 and a payback period larger than 5 years. This paper recommended operating the sorting plant at a higher input feed with a working load on three shifts daily to ensure a maximum profit and to reduce the amount of commercial solid waste prior to landfilling through the concept of sorting and recycling.

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Ustiatik, Reni, Beauty Laras Setia Pertiwi, Ayu Putri Ariska, Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono, Sativandi Riza, Syamsu Ridzal Indra Hadi, Achmad Riyanto, Endang Arisoesilaningsih und Sri Rahayu Utami. „Strengthen farmers' fertilizer self-sufficiency in the tourist area with a reduce-reuse-recycle system“. Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Merdeka Malang 9, Nr. 3 (10.10.2024): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v9i3.13059.

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Mining activities at Tebing Breksi are a vital source of income for the community in Sambirejo village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. However, these activities have caused several environmental issues, such as lowered pH levels, reduced soil fertility, shallow soil profiles, and water scarcity. Additionally, mining has led to biodiversity loss and land degradation, making post-mining reclamation essential to restore the area's environmental and social functions. This project aimed to enhance the community’s skills in soil analysis and the production of liquid organic fertilizer using effective methods. The activities took place in the Tebing Breksi tourist area, located in Nglengkong, Sambirejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency. The project included a Focus Group Discussion (FGD), soil fertility analysis using test kits, and the creation of liquid organic fertilizer from household waste. During the FGD, it was discovered that the local community had not received prior training on producing fertilizer from household and organic waste. Until then, they relied on expensive commercial fertilizers to quickly stabilize soil pH. Through this training, the community learned how to perform rapid soil chemical analysis and produce liquid organic fertilizer independently. As a result, they can now apply the fertilizer locally, improving soil conditions and reducing their reliance on costly commercial products.

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R, Kavitha. „Biologicalutilization Of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) FOR Production Of Value Added Products“. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, Nr. 1 (23.01.2022): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0143.

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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an invasive variety of free – buoyant plant, its suffocate water bodies in tropical areas. In the river, Water hyacinth causes an effect on human health so, as to prevent or reduce this plant build up in the river, we have to overcome this issue in a commercial and economic means. So, we have to maintain the clean India movement and Green India dogma one step ahead to clean Rivers and make them free from Water hyacinth. This also helps to conserve the river ecosystem. And for that, we should also have an idea about the characteristics and constituents of Water hyacinth. Its capacity for growth and dissemination provokes major protection of the problems and is an emerging environmental issue Water hyacinth motivated this article. The assessment of this review study is to recycle the Waterhyacinth biomass for the production of biogas, biofertilizer, biostimulants etc., by using feasible technologies to promoting „ecofriendly organic farming practices for the betterment of our farmers. At the outset, the potential impact of this review is to shed new light on the better use of feebly studied Water hyacinth for the enhancement of agriculture production through organic farming. This gives invaluable products like biogas, biofertilizers, and uses like biostimulants, phyto-remediation and medicinal uses as discussed in this study.

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Thiounn, Timmy, Moira K. Lauer, Menisha S. Karunarathna, Andrew G. Tennyson und Rhett C. Smith. „Copolymerization of a Bisphenol a Derivative and Elemental Sulfur by the RASP Process“. Sustainable Chemistry 1, Nr. 2 (10.09.2020): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem1020013.

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Fossil fuel refining produces over 70 Mt of excess sulfur annually from for which there is currently no practical use. Recently, methods to convert waste sulfur to recyclable and biodegradable polymers have been delineated. In this report, a commercial bisphenol A (BPA) derivative, 2,2′,5,5′-tetrabromo(bisphenol A) (Br4BPA), is explored as a potential organic monomer for copolymerization with elemental sulfur by RASP (radical-induced aryl halide-sulfur polymerization). Resultant copolymers, BASx (x = wt% sulfur in the monomer feed, screened for values of 80, 85, 90, and 95) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Analysis of early stage reaction products and depolymerization products support proposed S–Caryl bond formation and regiochemistry, while fractionation of BASx reveals a sulfur rank of 3–6. Copolymers having less organic cross-linker (5 or 10 wt%) in the monomer feed were thermoplastics, whereas thermosets were accomplished when 15 or 20 wt% of organic cross-linker was used. The flexural strengths of the thermally processable samples (>3.4 MPa and >4.7 for BAS95 and BAS90, respectively) were quite high compared to those of familiar building materials such as portland cement (3.7 MPa). Furthermore, copolymer BAS90 proved quite resistant to degradation by oxidizing organic acid, maintaining its full flexural strength after soaking in 0.5 M H2SO4 for 24 h. BAS90 could also be remelted and recast into shapes over many cycles without any loss of mechanical strength. This study on the effect of monomer ratio on properties of materials prepared by RASP of small molecular aryl halides confirms that highly cross-linked materials with varying physical and mechanical properties can be accessed by this protocol. This work is also an important step towards potentially upcycling BPA from plastic degradation and sulfur from fossil fuel refining.

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ABDUL KARI, ZULHISYAM, KHAIRIYAH MAT, MUHAMMAD ANAMUL KABIR, W. A. AMIR ZAL, MOHAMMAD BODRUL MUNIR, LEE SEONG WEI und GUILLERMO TÉLLEZ-ISAÍAS. „SOYBEAN BY-PRODUCT: AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FISH MEAL AS PROTEIN SOURCE FOR AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY“. JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 18, Nr. 5 (31.05.2023): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.05.013.

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Proteins in commercial quality animal feed are one of its most important components and one of the costliest. Due to high costs and fluctuating production, some protein sources cannot satiate the increasing demand from fish feed manufacturers. Fish nutrition has been accorded particular focus with less costly feedstuff in aqua feed, given extra weightage. There has been increasing attention in recent years on finding methods to recycle the by-products of feed manufacturing. Due to its vital amino acid content and high protein composition, soybean by-product (SBP), a renewable resource, is expected to be a viable raw material option for replacing a fish meal or as a supplement. This review intends to cover the information regarding SBP associated with fermentation and probiotics used in the aquaculture industry potentially as an alternative to replacing FM.

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Jawwad, Muhammad Abdus Salam, Restu Hikmah Ayu Murti und Praditya Sigit Ardisty Sitogasa. „Community Empowerment: Used Cooking Oil Recycle to Produce Handwash Soap as a Commercial Souvenir Product in Surakarta“. Abdi-mesin: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Teknik Mesin 1, Nr. 2 (28.10.2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/abdi-mesin.v1i2.19.

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A community service program was held in Surakarta city, in a boarding school named Kanzus Sholawat to solve the cooking oil waste problem. The used oil which locally is alluded to jelantah oil, blackish brown colored, contains exceptionally high levels of cholesterol, carcinogen, and it may cause harm for human wellbeing. Jelantah oil ordinarily will be directly thrown to the environment, hence may cause water and soil contamination. Agreeing to this, it is essential to teach individuals to do minimization and reuse to the utilized oil (jelantah). Besides, the individuals will be prepared to commercialize the items as a souvenir gift item. The jelantah oil will be processed into handwash cleanser products with a feasible, simple, and cheap procedure and utilizing effortlessly obtained material. To start, a 500 ml of used cooking oil is filtered and mixed with 160 grams of NaOH flakes soluted in 200 ml of water. Some drops of fragrance is added to make the soap perfumed. The purpose of this community service is to provide assistance to the Kanzus Sholawat Surakarta Foundation to take the economic value from the oil waste by commercializing the recycle product. The program will be carried out by training and education to handle the jelantah oil into handwash cleanser, and persistent assessment to make sure the Kanzus Sholawat Surakarta students and adjacent community get the optimal benefits. Pre-order sale system using e-commerce is also expected to be implemented by the students, to make this program sustainable.

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Muthukumaravel, K., A. Amsath und M. Sukumaran. „Vermicomposting of Vegetable Wastes Using Cow Dung“. E-Journal of Chemistry 5, Nr. 4 (2008): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/572431.

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Municipal solid wastes are mainly from domestic and commercial areas containing recyclable toxic substances, compostable organic matter and others. With rapid increase in population, the generation of municipal solid wastes has increased several folds during last few years. Disposal of solid wastes can be done by methods like land filling, incineration, recycling, conversion into biogas, disposal into sea and composting. Vermicomposting is one of the recycling technologies which will improve the quality of the products. The present study aims to find out the possibility of utilization of vegetable wastes for vermiculture. EarthwormMegascolex mauritiicultured in plastic trays (45 x 30 x 30 cm) containing soil alone (control) (T1), soil + cow dung (T2), soil + vegetable waste (T3) and soil + vegetable waste + cow dung (T4) for 60 days. Nutrient values were determined from the compost and compared with that of the control. From these results, it was found that NPK values were maximum in compost obtained from vegetable waste with the use of cow dung.

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Petereit, Jessica, Christina Hoerterer, Adrian A. Bischoff-Lang, Luís E. C. Conceição, Gabriella Pereira, Johan Johansen, Roberto Pastres und Bela H. Buck. „Adult European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Perform Well on Alternative Circular-Economy-Driven Feed Formulations“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 12 (14.06.2022): 7279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127279.

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There is an increasing need in the aquaculture industry for more sustainable and functional feed concepts for marine finfish. This study provides results for the effect of alternative feed formulations on health status, welfare parameters, sensory analysis, and growth performance in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) over an 83-day feeding trial. Fish were fed twice a day with five experimental diets. A control diet (control) and four different alternative feed concepts rich in processed animal proteins (PAP), other alternative ingredients (NOPAP), and a positive (NOPAP+) and negative (PAP−) formulation were tested. All alternative formulations contained hydrolysates from aquaculture by-products and macroalgae. The results indicate that the alternative feed concepts are more sustainable alternatives compared with the commercial diet. Equally interesting, the alternative formulations did not affect the sensory analysis of the fillet quality or the animal welfare. These are increasingly important factors in aquaculture products and, accordingly, also in the formulation of new feeds. Feed concepts that are not only more sustainable in their production, have shorter transportation distances, recycle the resources (usage of by-products), and have no adverse effect on growth or welfare parameters are highly needed. Therefore, the experimental diets tested in this study are a win-win concept for future seabass aquaculture production.

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Milani, Martina, Michele Mazzanti, Claudia Stevanin, Tatiana Chenet, Giuliana Magnacca, Luisa Pasti und Alessandra Molinari. „CdS-Based Hydrothermal Photocatalysts for Complete Reductive Dehalogenation of a Chlorinated Propionic Acid in Water by Visible Light“. Nanomaterials 14, Nr. 7 (26.03.2024): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070579.

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based photocatalysts are prepared following a hydrothermal procedure (with CdCl2 and thiourea as precursors). The HydroThermal material annealed (CdS-HTa) is crystalline with a band gap of 2.31 eV. Photoelectrochemical investigation indicates a very reducing photo-potential of −0.9 V, which is very similar to that of commercial CdS. CdS-HTa, albeit having similar reducing properties, is more active than commercial CdS in the reductive dehalogenation of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) to propionic acid. Spectroscopic, electro-, and photoelectrochemical investigation show that photocatalytic properties of CdS are correlated to its electronic structure. The reductive dehalogenation of dalapon has a double significance: on one hand, it represents a demanding reductive process for a photocatalyst, and on the other hand, it has a peculiar interest in water treatment because dalapon can be considered a representative molecule of persistent organic pollutants and is one of the most important disinfection by products, whose removal from the water is the final obstacle to its complete reuse. HPLC-MS investigation points out that complete disappearance of dalapon passes through 2-monochloropropionic acid and leads to propionic acid as the final product. CdS-HTa requires very mild working conditions (room temperature, atmospheric pressure, natural pH), and it is stable and recyclable without significant loss of activity.

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Mas'ad, Mas'ad, Siti Sanisah, Kamaluddin Kamaluddin, Arif Arif, Nurin Rochayati, Khosiah Khosiah, Bella Hafiza und Izzul Islam. „EDUKASI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI RECYCLE FOOD WASTE MENJADI PRODUK KOMERSIAL“. JCES | FKIP UMMat 7, Nr. 1 (15.01.2024): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jces.v7i1.21106.

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Abstrak: Dibutuhkan kesadaran dan kerjasama semua pihak dalam pengelolaan sampah, terutama food waste dari lingkungan rumah tangga. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi tentang peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat melalui recycle food waste menjadi produk olahan bernilai komersial di Desa Menggala Kecamatan Pemenang-Lombok Utara. Sasaran kegiatan adalah 25 orang ibu rumah tangga di Kecamatan Pemenang. Edukasi dilakukan melalui penyampaian materi, diskusi, dan praktik. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah dari rumah tangga, menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, memperoleh pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan sampah berbasis 4R, menghasilkan produk makanan olahan berbahan dasar food waste, menjadikan hasil produksi sebagai usaha rumahan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan, serta ide meminimalisir pengeluaran dan menerapkan pola frugal living. Agar lebih maksimal, disarankan agar masyarakat terus mengembangkan kreativitas dan inovasi dalam mengolah makanan berbahan dasar food waste. Stakeholder lain dapat mengadakan edukasi serupa di tempat dan sasaran berbeda, sehingga peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang pengelolaan sampah lebih luas dan massif.Abstract: It requires awareness and cooperation of all parties in waste management, especially food waste from the household environment. The service aims to provide education about increasing people's income through recycling food waste into processed products with commercial value in Menggala Village, Pemenang District, North Lombok. The target of the activity is 25 housewife, Pemenang District. Education is carried out through the delivery of material, discussion and practice. The results of the activity show that there is public awareness to reduce the amount of waste from households, maintain environmental cleanliness, gain knowledge about 4R-based waste management, produce processed food products made from food waste, turn production into a home business to increase income, as well as ideas for minimizing expenses and implementing a frugal living pattern. To get maximum results, it is recommended that people continue to develop creativity and innovation in processing food made from food waste. Other stakeholders can hold similar education in different places and targets, so that the increase in community knowledge and skills regarding waste management is broader and more massive.

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Do, Diem T. Hoang, Chrispian W. Theron und Patrick Fickers. „Organic Wastes as Feedstocks for Non-Conventional Yeast-Based Bioprocesses“. Microorganisms 7, Nr. 8 (31.07.2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080229.

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Non-conventional yeasts are efficient cell factories for the synthesis of value-added compounds such as recombinant proteins, intracellular metabolites, and/or metabolic by-products. Most bioprocess, however, are still designed to use pure, ideal sugars, especially glucose. In the quest for the development of more sustainable processes amid concerns over the future availability of resources for the ever-growing global population, the utilization of organic wastes or industrial by-products as feedstocks to support cell growth is a crucial approach. Indeed, vast amounts of industrial and commercial waste simultaneously represent an environmental burden and an important reservoir for recyclable or reusable material. These alternative feedstocks can provide microbial cell factories with the required metabolic building blocks and energy to synthesize value-added compounds, further representing a potential means of reduction of process costs as well. This review highlights recent strategies in this regard, encompassing knowledge on catabolic pathways and metabolic engineering solutions developed to endow cells with the required metabolic capabilities, and the connection of these to the synthesis of value-added compounds. This review focuses primarily, but not exclusively, on Yarrowia lipolytica as a yeast cell factory, owing to its broad range of naturally metabolizable carbon sources, together with its popularity as a non-conventional yeast.

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Yatribi, A., und A. Nejmeddine. „Impact écotoxicologique du traitement chimique des eaux usées de tanneries: Analyse technico-économique“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 13, Nr. 2 (12.04.2005): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705384ar.

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La toxicité des eaux usées du tannage au chrome et d'épilage-pelanage, avant et après traitement, a été évaluée par test Daphnia pulex. Cette évaluation a été déterminée à partir des équations de corrélation linéaires. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le tannage au chrome et l'épilage-pelanage présentent une toxicité élevée avec des valeurs des CI50 24h respectives de 0,15 et 3,36. Cette toxicité élevée pourrait être expliquée par la charge de ces effluents en chrome, en sulfures et en matière organique. Après traitement par précipitation chimique, la CI50 24h a connu une importante augmentation. Elle est passée de 0,15 à 26,58 et de 3,36 à 11,1 respectivement pour le tannage au chrome et l'épilage-pelanage. Par conséquent, ces effluents traités peuvent être classés comme rejets peu toxiques. Cette diminution de la toxicité est liée surtout à l'abattement des MES (95 %), de la DCO (55 %), de Cr (90 %) et des sulfures (50 %). Ce traitement a donc, un double intérêt; le premier est environnemental, le second est économique du fait de la possibilité de recyclage du chrome récupéré dans le tannage du cuir. En effet, l'application expérimentale du chrome dans le tannage a montré un résultat similaire à celui obtenu par le produit commercial. Ainsi, suite à une analyse technico-économique, le bénéfice réalisé par cette opération est estimé à 3112,50 $ par 1000 tonnes par an.

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Hernandez, Marcos M., Nevin S. Gupta, Kwan-Soo Lee, Aaron C. Pital, Babetta L. Marrone, Carl N. Iverson und Joseph H. Dumont. „Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate-Based Composites Prepared by Injection Molding“. Polymers 13, Nr. 24 (18.12.2021): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244444.

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The waste generated by single-use plastics is often non-recyclable and non-biodegradable, inevitably ending up in our landfills, ecosystems, and food chain. Through the introduction of biodegradable polymers as substitutes for common plastics, we can decrease our impact on the planet. In this study, we evaluate the changes in mechanical and thermal properties of polyhydroxybutyrate-based composites with various additives: Microspheres, carbon fibers or polyethylene glycol (2000, 10,000, and 20,000 MW). The mixtures were injection molded using an in-house mold attached to a commercial extruder. The resulting samples were characterized using microscopy and a series of spectroscopic, thermal, and mechanical techniques. We have shown that the addition of carbon fibers and microspheres had minimal impact on thermal stability, whereas polyethylene glycol showed slight improvements at higher molecular weights. All of the composite samples showed a decrease in hardness and compressibility. The findings described in this study will improve our understanding of polyhydroxybutyrate-based composites prepared by injection molding, enabling advancements in integrating biodegradable plastics into everyday products.

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Ciszewski, Mateusz, Andrzej Chmielarz, Zbigniew Szołomicki, Michał Drzazga und Katarzyna Leszczyńska-Sejda. „Lead Recovery from Solid Residues of Copper Industry Using Triethylenetetramine Solution“. Minerals 11, Nr. 5 (20.05.2021): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050546.

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Industrial processing of mineral ores and concentrates generates large amounts of solid residues, which can be landfilled or further processed to recover selected elements depending on its economical profitability. Pressure leaching is a technology enabling high recovery of base metals like copper and zinc, transferring others like lead and iron to the solid residue. High temperature and pressure of such leaching leads to formation of sparingly soluble lead jarosite (plumbojarosite). The load of lead landfilled as solid residues resulting from such operation is so big that its recovery is perspective and crucial for waste-limiting technologies. This paper is devoted to lead extraction from pressure leaching residues using triethylenetetramine solution and then its precipitation as a commercial lead carbonate. The highest obtained recovery of lead was 91.3%. Additionally, presented technology allows to manage and recycle amine solution and reuse solid products. Produced pure lead carbonate can be directly added to smelting, not increasing temperature within the furnace.

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Marialva-Neto, A. A., Sandra Maria Cunha, Antônio Carlos da Silva und Sonia Regina Homem de Mello-Castanho. „Solid Galvanic Wastes Incorporation in Glass Matrices“. Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.500.

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Among the industrial solid residues, the galvanic wastes have been received special attention, due to the nature of its components. These residues in general present a high concentration of alkaline and transition metals. When discarded or stored inadequately, they can be released for the environment, causing ecological and health damages. An interesting alternative to recycle those wastes is to remove them from the environment, through its incorporation in silicate glasses matrices. This work proposes the obtaining of amorphous structures, glasses or frits, from formulations with industrial solid galvanic wastes, with good chemical stability. A characterization study of the residue and primary materials, as commercial silica and feldspar and investigations about the formation of amorphous phases, galvanic wastes incorporation and chemical stability of the obtained products, were made. With these results, it was possible to formulate compositions that allow the obtaining of frits for ceramic enamels, with 23 % in weight of solid galvanic waste incorporated and good coating characteristics.

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Post, Wouter, Lambertus J. Kuijpers, Martin Zijlstra, Maarten van der Zee und Karin Molenveld. „Effect of Mineral Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Commercially Available Biodegradable Polymers“. Polymers 13, Nr. 3 (27.01.2021): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030394.

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In the successful transition towards a circular materials economy, the implementation of biobased and biodegradable plastics is a major prerequisite. To prevent the accumulation of plastic material in the open environment, plastic products should be both recyclable and biodegradable. Research and development actions in the past few decades have led to the commercial availability of a number of polymers that fulfil both end-of-life routes. However, these biobased and biodegradable polymers typically have mechanical properties that are not on par with the non-biodegradable plastic products they intend to replace. This can be improved using particulate mineral fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and mica. This study shows that composites thereof with polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate-hexanoate (PHBH), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as matrix polymers result in plastic materials with mechanical properties ranging from tough elastic towards strong and rigid. It is demonstrated that the balance between the Young’s modulus and the impact resistance for this set of polymer composites is subtle, but a select number of investigated compositions yield a combination of industrially relevant mechanical characteristics. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of mineral fillers into biodegradable polymers does not negate the microbial disintegration of these polymers, although the nature of the filler does affect the biodegradation rate of the matrix polymer.

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Serranti, Silvia, Roberta Palmieri, Giuseppe Bonifazi, Riccardo Gasbarrone, Gauthier Hermant und Herve Bréquel. „An Automated Classification of Recycled Aggregates for the Evaluation of Product Standard Compliance“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 20 (18.10.2023): 15009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015009.

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Nowadays, recycling of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is a challenging opportunity for the management of such end-of-life (EOL) materials through alternative methods to environmentally unsustainable methods (i.e., landfilling). In order to make recycling processes more effective, quality control systems are needed. In this work, the possibility of developing a sensor-based procedure to recognize different demolition waste materials from a recycling perspective was explored. An automatic recognition of different predefined constituent classes of recyclables (i.e., concrete, mortar, natural stones, unbound aggregates, clay masonry units, bituminous materials) and contaminants (i.e., glass, metals, wood, cardboard, and gypsum plaster), as established by an European standard, was carried out using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) working in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) range (1000–2500 nm). The implemented classification strategies, starting from the collected hyperspectral images of the analyzed constituents, allowed for the identification of the different material categories. Two main models were built for identifying contaminants in recyclable materials and categorizing material groups based on technical specifications. The results showed accurate category identification with Sensitivity and Specificity values over 0.9 in all models. The possibility of performing a full detection of C&DW recycling products can dramatically contribute to increasing the quality of the final marketable products and their commercial value, at the same time reducing the amount of waste and the consumption of primary raw materials.

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Lattanzi, Lucia, Tomas Liljenfors, Richard Westergård und Christina Windmark. „The LISA project: opportunities and challenges of recycling automotive heat exchangers“. Matériaux & Techniques 112, Nr. 6 (2024): 603. https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2024027.

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A modern vehicle typically has up to ten different heat exchangers, ensuring prolonged technology life, improved performance, and passenger comfort. Heat exchangers for automotive applications are made of multilayer-clad brazed aluminium. They are mature products, having been used in passenger and commercial internal combustion engine vehicles for decades, and their use will continue in electrified vehicles to cool batteries, power electronics and other components that exchange heat with the environment. With the increased awareness of the industrial impact on sustainability and commitment to scientific-based targets, the push for circularity drives the need for economically viable solutions to recycle the multilayered materials in automotive heat exchangers. The project’s final goal is to identify the value chain’s sustainability, cost-improvement potential, and business opportunities to minimise material degradation and value losses. This work presents the research methods used in the project to approach the last two steps of the value chain. The results of the laboratory-scale remelting experiments are promising and indicate the possibility of recycling heat exchangers to produce new ones, keeping the material within the same value chain and limiting the material value losses. There is also an increased drive for cost calculations in products, and the foundations of a techno-economic model are being developed to assess the outcome of future recycling operations.

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Diacono, Mariangela, Alessandro Persiani, Elena Testani, Francesco Montemurro und Corrado Ciaccia. „Recycling Agricultural Wastes and By-products in Organic Farming: Biofertilizer Production, Yield Performance and Carbon Footprint Analysis“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 14 (12.07.2019): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143824.

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The Circular Economy concept implies the re-design of existing production systems in agriculture, by promoting agricultural waste recycling. In an organic zucchini—lettuce rotation, two different agroecological tools were considered: biofertilizer and presence or absence of green manure (GM+ and GM−). In particular, we compared: (i) anaerobic digestate from cattle manure, co-composted with vegetable wastes, with the presence of GM (AD GM+); (ii) olive pomace compost, re-composted, with the presence of GM (OWC GM+); (iii) municipal waste compost with GM (MWC GM+); (iv) municipal waste compost without GM (MWC GM−). These materials were tested with a commercial organic fertilizer without GM (COF GM−) as a positive control. The objectives were: (i) assessing the environmental sustainability of biofertilizers through carbon footprint analysis by greenhouse gas—GHG—emissions; (ii) evaluating the agronomic performance on the vegetable rotation, by energy output assessment. The total carbon emissions of biofertilizers production was 63.9 and 67.0 kg of CO2 eq Mg−1 for AD and OWC, respectively. The co-composting and re-composting processes emitted 31.4 and 8.4 kg CO2 per Mg of compost, respectively. In AD the ventilation phase of composting accounted for 37.2% of total emissions. The total CO2 emission values for the two-crop cycles were the highest in COF GM− and the lowest in OWC GM+, due to different fertilizer sources. On the average of the treatments, the input that induced the highest CO2 emission was irrigation (37.9%). The energy output assessment for zucchini and lettuce highlighted similar performance for all the treatments. Our findings demonstrated the validity of the tested processes to recycle agro-industrial wastes, and the potential of agroecological practices (GM) to mitigate GHG emissions.

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Dahono, Dahono, Ida Nuristina, Oni Ekalinda, Agussalim Agussalim und Taufik Hidayat. „MODEL PERTANIAN BIOINDUSTRI BERBASIS INTEGRASI SAWIT-SAPI DI PROVINSI RIAU“. DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 35, Nr. 3 (28.01.2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2019.vol35(3).4560.

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ABSTRACT The palm bioindustry farming model in Riau Province aims to utilize all factors of production. It can be turned into other products that are managed into bioenergy, as well as free of waste by applying the principles of reducing, reusing, and recycling (reduce, reuse and recycle). The agriculture-bioindustry model is expected to produce a healthy, sustainable environment, and can increase the income of palm farmers in the study area and increase the efficiency of oil palm farming. The bio-industrial agriculture model activity was carried out in Tapung District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. It was started from January 2018 until December 2018. The scope of activities is in the form of coordination with related agencies, collecting primary data, introducing technology with socialization events and seeing the performance of bioindustry activities. The results of the activity can be reported that Tapung sub-district has a land area of 739.21 km2 or 73.921 ha, and an oil palm area of 34,102 ha, annual midrib production of 748,000 midribs (1,645,600 kg/year) with an average livestock feed needs 20 kg/day. It means that the Tapung sub-district can accommodate 228 animals in a year, out of 228 animals produce 1,140 kg of dry manure and produce 684 liters of urine per day, depending on the age and body-weight of the livestock. However, all the byproducts from cattle the oil palm is still being used for their own business needs and not yet for commercial use. Their own needs are in the form of impacts on farmers' palm production from the activities. It can be concluded that the performance of the bio-industry produces in higher palm oil production compared to existing ones.

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Möllnitz, Selina, Michael Feuchter, Ivica Duretek, Gerald Schmidt, Roland Pomberger und Renato Sarc. „Processability of Different Polymer Fractions Recovered from Mixed Wastes and Determination of Material Properties for Recycling“. Polymers 13, Nr. 3 (31.01.2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030457.

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To achieve future recycling targets and CO2 and waste reduction, the transfer of plastic contained in mixed waste from thermal recovery to mechanical recycling is a promising option. This requires extensive knowledge of the necessary processing depth of mixed wastes to enrich plastics and their processability in polymer processing machines. Also, the selection of a suitable processing method and product application area requires appropriate material behaviour. This paper investigates these aspects for a commercial processed, mixed waste, and two different mixed polyolefin fractions. The wastes are processed at different depths (e.g., washed/not washed, sorted into polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene/unsorted) and then either homogenised in the extruder in advance or processed heterogeneously in the compression moulding process into plates. The produced recyclates in plate form are then subjected to mechanical, thermal, and rheological characterisation. Most investigated materials could be processed with simple compression moulding. The results show that an upstream washing process improves the achievable material properties, but homogenisation does not necessarily lead to an improvement. It was also found that a higher treatment depth (recovery of plastic types) is not necessary. The investigations show that plastic waste recovery with simple treatment from mixed, contaminated wastes into at least downcycling products is possible.

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Perrot, Jean-François, und Alison Subiantoro. „Municipal Waste Management Strategy Review and Waste-to-Energy Potentials in New Zealand“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 9 (31.08.2018): 3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093114.

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Municipal waste management and Waste-to-Energy (WtE) potentials in New Zealand are discussed. The existing main waste management strategy of New Zealand is to reduce, reuse and recycle waste. Most of the remaining waste is currently disposed of in landfills. WtE options were explored in this study as a more sustainable waste treatment alternative in the country, while making use of the annual 30.8 petajoule of available waste energy in New Zealand. Four WtE technology options were discussed and compared, namely incineration, anaerobic digestion, gasification and pyrolysis. The aspects in comparison were air pollution, cost, side products, capacity, commercial maturity, energy efficiency and type of waste treated. Special emphasis was given to environment-friendliness and cost. From the comparison, it was found that anaerobic digestion seems to be the most attractive solution for the country as it is environment-friendly, economical and the concept is consistent with New Zealand’s existing waste management strategy. The major limitations of anaerobic digestion are its low energy production efficiency and its limited waste treatment capacity. Hence, an effective national waste reduction and recycling strategy is crucial for the success of this waste management option.

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Sheikh, Surat. „Solid Waste Management Practice in Burdwan Municipality, West Bengal: An Overview“. Interdisciplinary Journal of Innovation in Nepalese Academia 2, Nr. 2 (10.11.2023): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/idjina.v2i2.59487.

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This study provides an overview of solid waste management practices in Burdwan Municipality and identifies sources of waste generation. The study primarily relies on both primary and secondary data collected from Burdwan Municipality. A prepared questionnaire was utilized during field studies conducted in the wards of Burdwan Municipality. Secondary data, available in the form of reports and documents from the year 2019, were also employed. Tabular presentations, flowcharts, pie charts, statistical tools, and techniques were used for the study. A flowchart model is employed to describe the current practices of solid waste management in Burdwan. Municipal solid waste is classified and identified based on waste characteristics. Biodegradable waste is the primary source of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Burdwan town. Commercial places generate more MSW than institutions, while the top contributors from residential premises are low-income group (LIG) households. This study observes a mismatch between MSW generation and available infrastructure, as well as poor management practices. MSW accumulates day by day, leading to environmental pollution. However, this issue could be resolved by adopting a reuse and recycle mechanism to convert waste into useful products.

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de Vries, Johannes G. „The Heck reaction in the production of fine chemicals“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, Nr. 5-6 (01.05.2001): 1086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-033.

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An overview is given of the use of the Heck reaction for the production of fine chemicals. Five commercial products have been identified that are produced on a scale in excess of 1 ton/year. The herbicide Prosulfuron(tm) is produced via a Matsuda reaction of 2-sulfonatobenzenediazonium on 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The sunscreen agent 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxy-cinnamate has been produced on pilot scale using Pd/C as catalyst. Naproxen(tm) is produced via the Heck reaction of 2-bromo-6-methoxy-naphthalene on ethylene, followed by carbonylation of the product. Monomers for coatings are produced via a Heck reaction on 2-bromo-benzocyclobutene. A key step in the production of the antiasthma agent Singulair(tm) is the use of the Heck reaction of methyl 2-iodo-benzoate on allylic alcohol (18) to give ketone (20). The high cost of palladium has spurred much research aimed at the development of more active palladium catalysts. Ligandless catalysts are very attractive for production, but work only on reactive substrates. Palladacycles are much more stable than Pd-phosphine complexes and can be used at higher temperatures. The same effect has been reached with pincer ligands. Bulky ligands lead to coordinatively unsaturated Pd-complexes, which are highly active for the Heck reaction. Recycle of palladium catalysts is also very important to reduce cost. Immobilization of catalysts by attaching ligands to solid support is not very useful, because of leaching and reduced activity. In ligandless Heck reactions the catalyst can be precipitated on carriers such as silica, dicalite, or celite. This material can be restored to its original activity by treatment with I2 or Br2.Key words: homogeneous catalysis, palladium, arylation, olefination, ligandless, catalyst recycle.

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Arthi, Dr T. „Bioplastic- Futuristic Approach“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 11 (30.11.2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem39256.

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The ever-growing production of non-recyclable plastic products causes plastic pollution to be the one of most pressing environmental issues. The transition of petrochemical-based plastic with eco-friendly biodegradable plastic has become the promising solution to overcome the plastic pollution crisis. Recycling technology is an effective but incomplete measure to address these environmental issues. Bioplastic is a type of plastic made from biomass materials. Biomass normally refers to a union of microorganisms, which mainly contains macromolecules including starch, cellulose, protein, etc. Biodegradable bioplastic is a natural polymer modified class (PSM). Bioplastics are considered highly significant to increase sustainability where sustainability defines a balance between economic, environmental and social aspects of business and can be applied to different domains. In this research, the development of bioplastics is introduced in the context of circular economy. The choice of proper raw material for biopolymer production is very important as it can have an additional impact on the ecological pressure caused by the process. Here, waste water from rice mill is taken as raw material and natural coagulant like oil, starch, gelatine (commercial) etc are added for its flexibility. The thought of “Zero Emission” and “Recycling” the waste water in the production process can be highly beneficial in moving a step closer towards sustainability. Key words: bioplastic, waste water, circular economy and zero emission

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Pergola, Maria, Alessandro Persiani, Vittoria Pastore, Assunta Maria Palese, Carmine D’Adamo, Enrica De Falco und Giuseppe Celano. „Sustainability Assessment of the Green Compost Production Chain from Agricultural Waste: A Case Study in Southern Italy“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 2 (04.02.2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020230.

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Horticultural farms are faced with the problem of disposing of huge amounts of agricultural by-products whose management requires sustainable solutions. Composting means to recycle organic waste to make compost—a high agronomic value product—able to positively affect soil quality: A good occasion to switch definitively from a conventional agriculture to an organic one. Nevertheless, composting can have negative direct/indirect environmental impacts. The aim of this research was to assess the sustainability of a windrow composting system, able to treat agricultural green waste of different typology (“light” and “heavy” with dry matter below or above 10%, respectively). Environmental impacts, energy consumptions, and production costs of all composting stages were evaluated by Life Cycle Assessment. Results show that the production of 1 ton of compost caused CO2eq emissions ranging from 199 to 250 kg and required between 1500 and 2000 MJ of energy; costs ranged between 98 and 162 euro, nevertheless lesser than the commercial green compost. The raw material typology affected significantly the composting process making compost based on “heavy” materials the most sustainable. These findings underline the need to spread this low technology process, easy to apply, especially in organic farms, and to promote the agronomic use of compost.

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Lorero, Isaac, Mónica Campo, Carmen Arribas, Margarita Gonzalez Prolongo, Felix Antonio López und Silvia G. Prolongo. „Epoxy Composites Reinforced with ZnO from Waste Alkaline Batteries“. Materials 15, Nr. 8 (13.04.2022): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082842.

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The zinc alkaline battery is one of the most popular sources of portable electrical energy, with more than 300,000 tons being consumed per year. Accordingly, it is critical to recycle its components. In this work, we propose the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles recovered from worn-out batteries as fillers of epoxy resins. These nanocomposites can be used as protective coatings or pigments and as structural composites with high thermal stability. The addition of ceramic nanofillers, such as ZnO or/and TiO2, could enhance the thermal and mechanical properties, and the hardness and hydrophobicity, of the epoxy resins, depending on several factors. Accordingly, different nanocomposites reinforced with recycled ZnO and commercial ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles have been manufactured with different nanofiller contents. In addition to the different ceramic oxides, the morphology and size of fillers are different. Recycled ZnO are“desert roses” such as microparticles, commercial ZnO are rectangular parallelepipeds nanoparticles, and commercial TiO2 are smaller spherical nanoparticles. The addition of ceramic fillers produces a small increase of the glass transition temperature (<2%), together with an enhancement of the barrier effect of the epoxy resin, reducing the water diffusion coefficient (<21%), although the maximum water uptake remains constant. The nanocomposite water absorption is fully reversible by subsequent thermal treatment, recovering its initial thermomechanical behavior. The water angle contact (WCA) also increases (~12%) with the presence of ceramic particles, although the highest hydrophobicity (35%) is obtained when the epoxy resin reinforced with recycled flowerlike ZnO microparticles is etched with acid stearic and acetic acid, inducing the corrosion of the ZnO on the surface and therefore the increment of the surface roughness. The presence of desert rose ZnO particles enhances the de lotus effect.

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Chafale, Reshama V. „Waste Management of Construction and Demolition Materials Towards Sustainable Growth of Nagpur City“. International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, Nr. 05 (25.05.2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01947.

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The higher amount of buildings and infrastructures in India, number of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is increasing continuously. These wastes, if not completely recycled, will create the environmental problems. This research paper concentrates on the use of a system dynamics technique to develop a C&D waste recycling. The project is based on the recycling of the rapidly increasing construction and demolition waste. Through this process we want to take a step ahead, the idea of stopping illegal Dumping and ultimately save our mother Earth from destruction. The cost of recycled C&D solid waste resulting in reduction of overall construction cost. The demolition is the most commonly pronounced word in the construction industry. As per the new building rules building should be demolished after its service period. Now-a-days the importance is given to sustainable and environmental friendly construction; there should be effective control of the demolition waste. The demolition waste can be reused for the construction. Construction and demolition (C and D) waste is defined as the solid waste generated by the construction, renovation, repair, alteration or demolition of residential, commercial, government or institutional buildings, industrial, commercial facilities and infrastructures such as roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, railways and airports. Construction and demolition waste is considered as high volume, low risk. It is commonly understood that this waste can be considered a resource, either for reuse in its original form or for recycling or energy recovery. Because of increasing waste production and public concerns about the environment, it is desirable to recycle materials from building demolition. If suitably selected ground cleaned appropriate industrial crushing in plants, these materials can be profitably used in concrete. Despite this, most Construction and Demolition waste ends up in landfills recycled aggregate and recycled sand that can be obtained. Further with the help of the obtained recycled material we intend to make various products such as concrete, paver blocks, hollow blocks, etc which will in turn be less costly as well. These recycled materials and products made from it are economical without any considerable change in the strength and durability aspect. Not only the cost effectiveness but it will also be aesthetically pleasing. According to Metropolitan region development authority the amount of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) must be reduced by at least 70%. 3Rs model (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in the C&D waste management with costs savings. This paper finds a broader understanding of the socioeconomic implications of waste management over time and the positive effects of these policies in the recycled to achieve the goal of C&D waste as well as the composition of Construction and Demolition waste, the need for its recycling and options that can be implemented for its efficient use in the field of concrete technology. Key Words: C & D waste; sustainable construction systems, Recycling, Concrete.

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Thambiyapillai, Selvaganapathy, und Muthuvelayudham Ramanujam. „An Experimental Investigation and Aspen HYSYS Simulation of Waste Polystyrene Catalytic Cracking Process for the Gasoline Fuel Production“. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, Nr. 4 (05.07.2021): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33817.

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Plastic wastes are necessary to recycle due to their disposal issues around the world. They can be recycled through various techniques i.e., mechanical reprocessing, mechanical recycling, chemical recycling and incineration. Most recycling techniques are expensive and end up in producing low-grade products excluding chemical recycling; it is an eco-friendly way to deal with plastic waste. Catalytic cracking is one of the chemical recycling methods, for converting waste plastics into liquid fuel same as commercial fuels. An experimental investigation of polystyrene catalytic cracking process was conducted with impregnated fly ash catalyst and 88.4% of liquid product yield was found as a maximum at optimum operating conditions 425 ̊C and 60 min. The liquid fuel quality was analyzed using FTIR spectra analysis, GC/MS analysis and Physico-chemical property analysis. The GC/MS analysis shows that the fly ash cracking of polystyrene leads to the production of gasoline fuels within the hydrocarbon range of C3-C24, and the aliphatic and aromatic functional compounds were detected using FTIR analysis. Moreover, the Aspen Hysys simulation of polystyrene catalytic cracking was conducted in a pyrolytic reactor at 425 ̊C and at the end of the simulation, 93.6% of liquid fuel yield was predicted. It was inferred that the simulation model for the catalytic cracking is substantial to fit the experimental data in terms of liquid fuel conversion

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Dedousi, Anna, Maria-Zoi Kritsa und Evangelia N. Sossidou. „Thermal Comfort, Growth Performance and Welfare of Olive Pulp Fed Broilers during Hot Season“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 14 (12.07.2023): 10932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410932.

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This study evaluated the nutritional effect of dried olive pulp (OP), on broilers’ thermal comfort, growth parameters and welfare in a commercial poultry farm during the hot season. A number of 108 Cobb male broilers, 19 d olds were allocated into three dietary groups: controls (CON), OP3 and OP6, based on the level of OP added to their diet (0%, 3% and 6%). The thermal comfort of broilers was assessed using the temperature–humidity index (THI). Broilers’ body temperature (BT) was determined weekly. OP beneficially affected the growth performance of broilers undergoing very severe heat stress, as indicated by the increased body weight gain (BWG) recorded in OP groups compared to CON during the first week of the experiment and the higher body weight (BW) of OP fed chickens at 26 d of age (p < 0.05). At 26 d of age, OP6 broilers had lower BT (40.55 ± 0.06 °C) than CON (40.78 ± 0.09 °C) (p < 0.05). A positive dietary effect of OP in welfare parameters like feather cleanliness and panting behaviour of chickens fed 6% OP was also recorded. Using OP as feedstuff is a promising feeding strategy for alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress; it also offers the potential to recycle olive by-products, leading to an efficient waste-based circular economy.

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Schmitt-Harsh, Mikaela L., und Eric Wiseman. „Household Perceptions and Practices of Recycling Tree Debris from Residential Properties“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 16 (11.08.2020): 6476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166476.

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Thousands of trees are lost in urbanizing areas of Virginia each year to land development, storms, and pests. As a result, large amounts of tree debris, much of which could be suitable for high-value wood products, are flowing from Virginia’s urban forests annually. Finding cost-effective, sustainable strategies for recycling this debris, particularly into durable wood products that keep carbon stored, could benefit the local economy and the local environment throughout the state. To inform outreach and technical assistance efforts of multiple groups across the state, a survey study was conducted in the City of Harrisonburg to determine household perceptions and practices of tree debris recycling. A random sample of owner-occupied, single-family dwellings was contacted using a mixed-mode survey approach to determine why and how trees were removed from the properties in the past and how the debris was disposed of or recycled. Survey responses were received from 189 households, with survey responses pointing toward a strong community sentiment for trees and their care. Nearly all respondents agreed that wood from street trees, park trees, and other neighborhood trees should be recycled into products rather than disposed of in a landfill; however, the majority of households do not currently recycle woody debris from trees removed on these properties. The three most important factors that would facilitate future participation in tree recycling include timely removal of the wood, free curbside pick-up of the wood, and knowledge of who to contact to handle the wood. Overall, these results point to household interest and willingness to participate in wood recycling programs given appropriate information to guide their decisions and local services to facilitate transfer of wood to the municipality or commercial woodworkers. This suggests a need for greater availability of neighborhood or municipal wood recycling programs, ideally coupled with greater education and outreach about the economic and environmental benefits of recovering and utilizing wood from felled trees.

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Pender, Kyle, und Liu Yang. „Glass fibre composites recycling using the fluidised bed: A study into the economic viability in the UK“. Clean Technologies and Recycling 3, Nr. 3 (2023): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/ctr.2023014.

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<abstract> <p>As it stands, the UK has no commercialised process capable of recycling waste glass fibre reinforced thermosets, resulting in disposal via landfill or energy from waste facilities. Thermal recycling within a fluidised bed process has been demonstrated to successfully recover clean glass fibre from composite waste materials, such as wind turbine blades, and successfully reuse it as a reinforcement phase in second life composites. If brought to a commercial scale, this technology has the potential to divert up to 1200 kt of mixed glass fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) waste and an additional 240 kt of wind blade waste away from UK landfill sites over the next fifteen years, while offsetting the environmental impact and raw material consumption of virgin glass fibre production. Despite this, commercialisation and long-term success depend on economic viability and resilience of the recycling technology, ensuring that sufficient value is added to offset costs required to bring recyclate products to market. In this study, techno-economic analysis was used to analyse the economic outlook for at scale fluidised bed recycling plants within the context of the current and future UK glass fibre reinforced plastic waste landscape. It was found that fluidised bed recycling plants operating well within current UK waste volumes can maintain gate fees that are competitive with landfill while producing recycled glass fibre (rGF) at less than 50% of the prices of virgin counterparts. Plants processing single waste streams, such as wind blades, can maintain long term profitability despite irregular flow of waste feedstock availability. Despite higher transportation cost, total recycling costs are lower for national level plants. Therefore, it is recommended to accept composites from multiple waste streams to maximise operating capacity, profits and return on investment.</p> </abstract>

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Siddique, Mohammad, Ali Nawaz Mengal, Suleman khan, Luqman Ali khan und Ehsanullah khan Kakar. „Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass conversion into biofuel and biochemical: a comprehensive review“. MOJ Biology and Medicine 8, Nr. 1 (21.03.2023): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2023.08.00181.

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The most potential feedstock for industrial civilizations is lignin derived from biomass. The most prevalent aromatic polymer on earth and one of the most difficult materials for commercial application is lignin. Reducing sugars, which can be used to make biofuels and some other products, are among the many chemicals that lignocellulose biomass releases during pretreatment. Lignocellulosic material (LCMS) is a material that is easily accessible, renewable, recyclable, and plentiful. Sustainability has gained traction as a result of climate change and environmental harm. The need for a flexible strategy to meet rising global energy demands has led many academics to concentrate on renewable biofuel made from sustainable sources. Construction of industrial biorefineries using lignocellulose feedstock for biofuel production and other bioproducts. The effective and scalable valorization of lignin is one of the main issues. Its presence prevents the biochemical conversion of lignocelluloses into fuels and chemicals, which depends on the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose. To produce sustainable energy, lignocellulosic biomass must undergo pretreatment to speed up fragmentation and reduce lignin content. Temperature, time, particle size, and solid loading are the controlling factors for lignin extraction. This study covers the working conditions, parameters, yield percentages, techno-economic evaluations, challenges, and recommended next steps for the direct conversion of biomass to hydrogen. It detailed how green pre-treatment techniques can be used to produce green biofuels, and prospects for the application of green pre-treatment technologies on an industrial scale are also provided. The sustainable lignocellulose biorefinery has a path forward thanks to effective lignin recovery and valorization techniques.

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Baganz, Gösta, Gundula Proksch, Werner Kloas, Wolf Lorleberg, Daniela Baganz, Georg Staaks und Frank Lohrberg. „Site Resource Inventories – a Missing Link in the Circular City's Information Flow“. Advances in Geosciences 54 (01.10.2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-23-2020.

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Abstract. A circular city builds upon the principles of circular economy, which key concepts of reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover lead to a coupling of resources: products and by-products of one production process become the input of another one, often in local vicinity. However, sources, types and available quantities of underutilised resources in cities are currently not well documented. Therefore, there is a missing link in the information flow of the circular city between potential users and site-specific data. To close this gap, this study introduces the concept of a site resource inventory in conjunction with a new information model that can manage the data needed for advancing the circular city. A core taxonomy of terms is established as the foundation for the information model: the circular economy is defined as a network of circular economy entities which are regarded as black boxes and connected by their material and energy inputs and outputs. This study proposes a site resource inventory, which is a collection of infrastructural and building-specific parameters that assess the suitability of urban sites for a specific circular economy entity. An information model is developed to manage the data that allows the entities to effectively organise the allocation and use of resources within the circular city and its material and energy flows. The application of this information model was demonstrated by comparing the demand and availability of required alternative resources (e.g. greywater) at a hypothetical site comprising a commercial aquaponic facility (synergistic coupling of fish and vegetables production) and a residential building. For the implementation of the information model a proposal is made which uses the publicly available geodata infrastructure of OpenStreetMap and adopts its tag system to operationalise the integration of circular economy data by introducing new tags. A site resource inventory has the potential to bring together information needs and it is thus intended to support companies when making their business location decisions or to support local authorities in the planning process.

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Nugrahaningsih, Putri, Vita Kartika Sari und Andi Asri Hapsari. „PEMBERDAYAAN INDUSTRI PENGELOLAAN BANK SAMPAH BERAKSI BERBASIS GREENPRENEURSHIP DI BANK SAMPAH BERAKSI DESA POJOK“. Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/kumawula.v2i2.23618.

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Bank Sampah Beraksi di dukuh Selo, Desa Pojok, Kecamatan Tawangsari, Kabupaten Sukoharjo ini telah memiliki rumah bank sampah yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan pengelolaan bank sampah. Dari pengelolaan bank sampah ini, warga mulai teredukasi untuk secara kreatif memanfaatkan sampah yang bisa didaur ulang untuk bahan kerajinan tangan yang memiliki potensi ekonomis komersil disamping pemanfaatan untuk internal dekorasi galeri seni di kampung. Potensi tersebut dapat dimaksimalkan dengan mengolah sampah menjadi produk-produk yang kreatif-inovatif dan berdaya jual tinggi. Konsep pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat akan semakin meningkatkan nilai tambah, ketika masyarakat mempunyai mindset greenpreneurship, yaitu konsep kewirausahaan yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap lingkungan. Program ini diharapkan akan menumbuhkankembangkan kecintaan terhadap lingkungan dengan cara yang bertanggungjawab sekaligus memberdayakan potensi untuk dikembangkan. Indikator hasil pengabdian diantaranya (1) tingkat kehadiran dan antusiasme peserta tinggi, (2) daya serap materi pelatihan peserta menggembirakan. 2) Target output pelatihan tercapai yang ditandai dengan terwujudnya produk kerajinan yang dihasilkan oleh para peserta. 3) Keberhasilan tersebut didukung oleh kompetensi dan komitmen tinggi dari pelatih. The Garbage Bank “Beraksi” in the Selo hamlet, Pojok Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency already has a garbage bank house that aims to maximize the management of the garbage bank. From the management of this garbage bank, residents have begun to be educated to creatively utilize recyclable waste for handicraft materials that have commercial economic potential besides the utilization for internal decoration of art galleries in the village. This potential can be maximized by processing waste into creative-innovative and high-selling products. The concept of a community-based waste management will further increase the added value, when the community has a mindset of green entrepreneurship, namely the concept of entrepreneurship that contributes to the environment. The program is expected to foster a love for the environment in a way that is responsible while empowering the potential to be developed. Indicators of the results of devotion include (1) the level of attendance and enthusiasm of participants is high, (2) the absorption of participants' training materials is encouraging. 2) The training output target is achieved which is marked by the realization of handicraft products produced by the participants. 3) The success is supported by competence and high commitment from the trainer.

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