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1
Sharma, Narpati. „Species richness and productivity pattern along altitudinal gradients in East District of Sikkim, India“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2574.
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2
Hansson, Magnus. „On Closedowns : towards a pattern of explanations to the closedown effect /“. Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1885.
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3
McWethy, David Burch. „Bird response to landscape pattern and disturbance across productivity gradients in forests on the Pacific Northwest“. Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/mcwethy/McWethyD0807.pdf.
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Managing forest lands for biodiversity is a common goal in the public and private forests of the Pacific Northwest and is typically achieved through harvests that result in an array of vegetation structural conditions that provide suitable habitat for a number of species. The assumption is made that the causative factors of biodiversity do not vary geographically and that silviculture, as a management tool, can be applied similarly across different biophysical locales. The primary aim of this research is to better understand how species respond to both local and landscape-scale forest structural conditions in landscapes with different levels of productivity (e.g. gross primary productivity). We hypothesized that the influence of landscape effects on bird richness, abundance and community organization would be more pronounced in highly productive environments. We also hypothesized that species response to disturbance would differ across gradients in ecosystem productivity. We predicted that bird diversity would increase with increasing disturbance extent where favorable climatic conditions result in high levels of competitive exclusion. Alternatively, we predicted that bird diversity would decrease with increasing disturbance extent when factors other than competition limit or regulate bird species diversity. We found that (1) a number of individual bird species respond significantly to landscape effects; (2) the slope of response to changes in edge density followed predictable patterns for bird canopy guilds; (3) many more species responded to landscape effects in a more productive setting; (4) landscape effects appear to be more pronounced at the community level in more productive settings; and, (5) bird species richness responded differently to increases in the amount of the landscape recently disturbed by timber harvest. These results support the premise that management of forest lands for bird diversity will be more effective if tailored to site conditions such as productivity. In productive landscapes, forest managers will likely increase landscape-scale diversity by providing all seral-stages and a range of forest structural complexity. In less productive settings, biodiversity will likely be maximized by managing local productive hotspots judiciously and adjusting harvest intensities in other locations to compensate for slower recovery and growth rates of vegetation following timber harvest.
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Nakamura, H. Richard. „Motives, partner selection and productivity effects of M&As : the pattern of Japanese mergers and acquisitions“. Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1627.
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5
Singha, Chandana. „Spatio-temporal change of agricultural land use pattern in Siliguri subdivision, Darjeeling District: Geographical analysis“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2784.
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Ojala, Anne. „Studies of growth rates of some freshwater cryptophyte algae“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25921.
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Cryptophytes are free-living unicellular algae which are important for the productivity and food chain Dynamics of temperate lakes. This study provides fundamental information on the ecophysiology of two freshwater cryptophytes of different cell size, mainly in terms of growth and related factors. This thesis comprises of six chapters, three of which describe light or light-and-temperature experiments with small-scale batch cultures (Chapters. 2 to 4), one depicts a larger scale laboratory experiment simulating natural conditions (Chapter 5) and the two last (Chapters 6 and 7) are based on short-term investigations in situ. The effects of light and temperature on nutrient-saturated growth and cellular composition (chlorophyll a, proteins, carbohydrates) were studied in batch cultures. With the help of mathematical models, the physiological basis for interspecific differences of growth response was determined (Chapter 2). The cryptophyte strain L315 appeared to be a cold-water species as its optimum temperature was ca. 19°C. The strain L485 was more adapted to warm-water conditions with its optimum of ca. 24.5 °C. In respect of their growth response to irradiance, L485 can be said to be a stenotopic and L315 a eurytopic strain, as L485 shows photoinhibition soon after saturation point, whereas L315 tolerates a much wider range of irradiance. The role of changes in cellular composition is discussed. In order to explain the observed growth differences the effects of light and temperature on gross photosynthesis, respiration and hence net productivity were studied (Chapter 3). The observed respiration/photosynthesis ratios were high, as in L485 and L315 respiration accounted for 17-77 % and 14-81 % of gross photosynthesis, respectively. Under optimum conditions the respiration/Pmax for L485 was 17 % and for L315 58 %. The response of cryptophytes to chromatic light was studied by means of quantitative epifluorescence microscopy and it was found that in comparison to blue-green algae cryptophytes L485 and L315 do not gain such great adaptational advantages in terms of growth by chromatic adaptation (Chapter 4). The modest role of chromatic adaptation is discussed. The role of diel vertical migrations (DVM) in the growth of cryptophytes was studied in 4 m tall experimental columns (Chapter 5). Results revealed that by migrating into cooler, nutrient rich. hypolimnion flagellated cryptophytes can increase their growth rate under conditions where resources (light and nutrients) are spatially separated for prolonged time periods. This study also emphasizes the need for more detailed DVM studies in situ. Finally, the pattern and timing of nuclear and cellular division in two Cryptomonas species in situ was studied by means of mitotic index technique (Chapter 6) and DNA quantification (Chapter 7). The nuclear division of Cryptomonas L485 (Chapter 6) appeared to be well phased, but as in this division pattern mitosis and cytokinesis were totally overlapping, it was impossible to calculate in situ growth rates. Field observations (Chapter 7) revealed that DNA quantification by means of epifluorescence microscopy is possible from a natural cryptophyte population, but as the Cryptomonas sp. population under scrutiny was not well phased, growth rate calculation could not be carried out. The survival strategies of Cryptophytes L485 and L315 in terms of r vs. K strategies are discussed in Chapter 8. It is pointed out that, although the habitats occupied by these strains as well as some of their morphological and physiological features indicate that L485 is probably a r-strategist and L315 a K-strategist, it is not possible to draw final conclusions on the basis of this study. Light and temperature, i.e. the factors mostly studied in this thesis, are presumably not the environmental factors of greatest selective importance for these cryptophytes in natural competitive situations.
7
Brunow, Stephan. „Der Einfluss der Altersstruktur auf das Wachstum und die Produktivität von Regionen“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25307.
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Die regionale altersstrukturelle Zusammensetzung in Europa und Deutschland ist sehr heterogen. In der Literatur werden viele Diskussionen darüber geführt, wie sich unter anderem Regionen in Zukunft entwickeln werden und ob es ggf. zu einer Entvölkerung einzelner Gebiete kommt. Allerdings sind bisher nur selten Untersuchungen vorgenommen worden, welche die Auswirkungen der altersstrukturellen Zusammensetzung auf die regionale Produktivität und das regionale Wachstum sind. Diese Lücke wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit weiter vervollständigt. Zunächst wird ein neoklassisches Wachstumsmodell in Anlehnung an Mankiw, Romer und Weil (1992) angewandt und um öffentliche Investitionen erweitert. Das Untersuchungsfeld sind europäische und deutsche Regionen. Im Anschluss wird untersucht, inwiefern die regionale Altersstruktur Humankapitalexternalitäten generiert. Hierzu wird eine Produktionsfunktion in Anlehnung an Lucas (1988) geschätzt. Anschließend wird ein simultanes Gleichungssystem für eine Schätzgleichung motiviert, die der Arbeit von Baldwin (1999) folgt. Es zeigt sich, dass Unterschiede in der regionalen Produktivität und des Wachstums durch altersstrukturelle Variationen erklärt werden kannThe composition of the regional age pattern of the population and labour force within Europe and Germany is quiet heterogenous. Within the existing literature there is a debate on regional development and the possibility of depopulation. However, there is only limited evidence on the effect of the composition of the age pattern on regional productivity and growth. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. To adress this issues an augmented neoclassical growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) is applied. Additionally, public spendings are controlled for. The model is tested on European and German regions. The next section focuses on productivity, esp. whether the age structure of human capital effects human capital externalities. First, a production function in a Lucas (1988) fashion is estimated. Second, a simultaneous equation model based on the conceptual ideas of Baldwin (1999) is applied. One can conclude that differences in regional productivity and growth is due to variation of the age pattern of the labour force and population
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Milani, Paulo Augusto Pires. „"Avaliação e produtividade da disciplina de clínica integrada no curso de odontologia da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná (contribuição ao modelo de ensino odontológico)"“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23138/tde-09092003-084212/.
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RESUMO Os alunos do curso de Graduação na Disciplina de Clínica Integrada da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, desenvolveram atendimento clínico em pacientes de faixa etária diversas, contando com toda infra estrutura necessária para sua realização. Este estudo em um primeiro momento teve o objetivo de traçar um perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes, observando a eficiência/eficácia da metodologia empregada no momento da triagem, correto desenvolvimento do plano de tratamento e o seguimento das orientações teóricas e/ou filosóficas da disciplina por parte do corpo docente e discente. Em uma segunda fase quantificou-se o tempo despendido na execução de determinados procedimentos clínicos, como exame clínico , de periodontia , de cirurgia , de endodontia , de dentística restauradora e de prótese, procurando identificar possíveis dificuldades na execução de trabalhos por parte dos alunos, falhas dos docentes e da instituição, que por sua vez pudessem interferir no correto desempenho dos alunos com a finalidade de alcançar a competência clínica. Após avaliação de 342 fichas clínicas e mensuração do tempo despendido no desenvolvimento dos trabalhos clínicos, com suas possíveis intercorrências, anotaram - se os resultados em planilhas as quais foram submetidas a posteriores análises para comprovação dos resultados obtidos.SUMMARY This study comprised two distinct parts. The first one traced the epidemiological pattern of the patients by checking the efficiency/efficacy of the patients´ selection method, the correct conduction of treatment plan and the response of the students and professors to the theoretical and philosophical aspects of the program. The second part quantified the average time and identified the possible difficulties in the accomplishment of some clinical procedures by the students, as well as the failures linked to faculties and the institution affecting the correct performance and clinical competence of the students. The methodology consisted by the evaluation of 342 records of patients at different ages attended at the General Dentistry Clinic of the Dental School of Tuiuti University of Paraná.
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Andersen, Matthew Alan. „Pro-cyclical productivity patterns in U.S. agriculture /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Khan, M. F. „Rooting patterns, water use and productivity in wheat, rye and triticale“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234680.
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Tangari, Guilherme Costantin. „A importância dos desenvolvedores de software sob a perspectiva dos supervisores“. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2015. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12586.
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Several technology companies use the amount of deliveries as evaluation metric for
the software developer s performance. This is the classical concept of productivity, and
still is widely used by the companies nowadays. It is also quite common to confuse the
concepts of importance and productivity. But developer s importance for the company,
and more specifically, for the respective team, is not related only with the amount of line
of codes produced. There is a variety of factors that contribute to the relevance of a
developer inside an organization. This work aims to map those factors, measure which
ones has greater influence in today s companies and to propose an evaluation model of
developer s importance that considers more than just deliveries. Sixteen factors, that are
more likely to be used in the developer s importance evaluation, were raised. Among
those factors, we figured out that some are more relevant than others, and that there
is a variation in the most relevant factors when we analyze under the perspective of
different companies or teams. We also built a high accuracy classifier that can identify
the developer s importance based on a series of factors.Várias empresas de tecnologia usam a quantidade de entregas como métrica de avaliação de performance de desenvolvedores de software. Esse é o conceito clássico de produtividade, e ainda é amplamente usado pelas empresas hoje em dia. Também é bastante comum misturar o conceito de importância com produtividade. Porém, a importância de um desenvolvedor para a empresa e, mais especificamente, o time em que trabalha não está apenas relacionado com a quantidade de linhas de código produzidos. Existe uma variedade de fatores que contribuem para a relevância de um desenvolvedor dentro de uma organização. Este trabalho visa mapear alguns desses fatores, medir quais possuem maior influência e propor um modelo de avaliação da importância dos desenvolvedores que considere mais do que apenas as entregas. Foram levantados dezesseis fatores que mais tendem a participar da avaliação de importância dos desenvolvedores. Descobriu-se que, dentre esses fatores, alguns são mais relevantes que os outros, bem como uma variação nos fatores mais relevantes quando se analisa sob a óptica de uma determinada empresa ou time. Foi construído também um classificador de alta acurácia que pode indicar a importância do desenvolvedor baseado em uma série de atributos.
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Abdullah, Rahman. „The influence of settlement patterns on agricultural productivity in Central Sulawesi Indonesia /“. Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009315102&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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13
Baugher, Tessy. „Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Areal and Volumetric Phytoplankton Productivity of Lake Texoma“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2915/.
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Phytoplankton productivity of Lake Texoma was measured for one year from August 1999 to August 2000 for four stations, using the oxygen change method and laboratory incubation. Mean values of the photosynthetic parameters, PBmax and alphaB ranged from 4.86 to 46.39 mg O2.mg Chl-1.hr-1 for PBmax and 20.06 to 98.96 mg O2.mg Chl-1.E-1.m2 for alphaB. These values were in the range to be expected for a highly turbid, temperate reservoir. Estimated gross annual areal productivity ranged from 594 g C.m2.yr-1 (P.Q. = 1.2), at a station in the Washita River Zone to 753 g C.m2.yr-1 at a station in the Red River Zone, of the reservoir. Gross annual areal productivity at Station 17, in the Main Lake Zone, was 708 g C.m2.yr-1. Gross areal and volumetric productivity showed distinct seasonal variation with Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) and temperature. Trophic status estimated on a station-by-station basis, using net productivity values derived from gross productivity and respiration estimates, was mesotrophic for all the stations, though one station approached eutrophy. Net productivity values ranged from 0.74 to 0.91 g C. m-2.d-1. An algal bioassay conducted at two stations in August 2000, revealed that phosphorus was most likely the nutrient limiting photosynthesis at both these stations, although the more turbid riverine station was primarily light-limited.
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Peierls, Benjamin Lewis Paerl Hans W. „Microbial productivity in the Neuse River and Pamlico Sound estuarine system patterns and perturbations /“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2583.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.
15
Dietz, James Scott. „Scientists and Engineers in Academic Research Centers An Examination of Career Patterns and Productivity“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03022004-112627/unrestricted/Dietz%5FJames%5FS%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.Barry Bozeman, Committee Chair; Gordon Kingsley, Committee Member; Sue Rosser, Committee Member; Alan Porter, Committee Member; J. David Roessner, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-173).
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Juszli, Gregory M. „Patterns in belowground primary productivity and belowground biomass in marshes of the Everglades' oligohaline ecotone“. FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2493.
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This study quantified and assessed patterns in belowground primary productivity (BPP) and belowground biomass in Cladium jamaicense marshes of the oligohaline ecotone, a transition zone between the two dominant ecosystems (freshwater marsh and mangrove forest) in the Everglades. A 2x2x2 factorial design was used with transect (Shark River Slough/Taylor Slough), site (estuarine/freshwater), and season (dry/wet) as factors. BPP and belowground biomass were measured using root ingrowth and soil cores, respectively. Across all sites, BPP was significantly greater in the dry season. BPP peaked in Taylor Slough from April-July, the decrease likely due to oxygen saturation in the soil during marsh dry-down. BPP stayed constant in Shark River Slough, which remained inundated almost year-round. These results indicate that Everglades restoration efforts may negatively impact C. jamaicense marshes. Belowground biomass increased with nutrient availability, though the effects of hydroperiod were unclear. Future research should include root decomposition and mortality as they are crucial to understanding belowground processes in Everglades marshes.
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Addo-Danso, Shalom Daniel. „Biomass, productivity and allocation patterns in tropical old-growth and logged-over forests in Ghana“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62927.
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Understanding how tropical forest structure and function change during the decades after logging is a key research challenge. This thesis reports functional traits, forest structure, biomass, net primary productivity (NPP) and allocation, as well as their controlling factors in an old-growth forest and a 54-year-old logged-over forest in Ghana. By analyzing root traits, I found fine-root biomass, root length, surface area, and root tissue density were higher in the logged-over forest, whereas the old-growth forest had higher specific root length and specific root area. I also found divergent exploitation strategies between the two forests; plants in the old-growth forest produced thinner roots, which increase resource uptake efficiency, while plants in the logged-over forest had thicker roots, which are associated with greater resource conservation. Through correlation analysis, I found that fine-root mass correlated positively to relative humidity, while absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and fine-root biomass were also positively correlated. Fine-root mass and soil K were also positively correlated, and fine-root necromass correlated positively with soil P. I then explored the relationships between leaf traits, taxonomic (e.g., species richness) or structural (e.g., tree diameter) variables and aboveground biomass (AGB) or coarse wood productivity (CWP) in the two forests. Leaf K related positively to tree biomass in the logged-over forest. Leaf N and P were significantly and positively related to tree productivity in the old-growth forest and logged-over forest. AGB and CWP were mostly explained by the structural variables. The shape and magnitude of the relationships between tree species richness and AGB or CWP differed between the two forests. In addition, I found that leaf area index, mean tree diameter and height were similar between the two forests, but stand density and basal area were higher in the logged-over forest than in the old-growth forest. Total biomass and annual NPP were comparable in both forests, but there was a shift in NPP allocation between wood and fine roots. I conclude that the forest structure, biomass and productivity of the logged-over forest have largely recovered, but the legacy of logging still persists, which is reflected in differences in functional traits and allocation patterns.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Hodelka, Bailee Nicole. „STRATIGRAPHY AND ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY REVEAL PATTERNS OF LATE QUATERNARY PALEO-PRODUCTIVITY AT MONO LAKE, CALIFORNIA“. UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/58.
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Mono Lake (CA) is a hydrologically closed lacustrine basin well-known for its paleo-shorelines, which record fluctuations in water level for the last deglacial and late Holocene. Mono Lake is a sentinel of California’s water supply, situated in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada, a mountain range whose snowpack is a vital source of freshwater for urban and agricultural districts to the west and south. Recent droughts, floods, and wildfires show that California is threatened by climate change, but how these changes impact and get recorded by Mono Lake sediments remains poorly known. Here, we use a new radiocarbon-dated deepwater sediment core from Mono Lake to test the hypothesis that organic facies development is controlled by climate and limnological change. An integrated stratigraphic analysis of the core reveals seven lithostratigraphic units that track environmental changes from ~16-4 ka. When compared to available paleo-shoreline and shallow water core data, our results show that high amplitude lakelevel fluctuations of the late Pleistocene produce different patterns of sedimentation and organic enrichment than lower-amplitude water level changes of the early and middle Holocene. The results have implications for understanding patterns of paleo-production and hydroclimate change at Mono Lake.
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Wareborn, Fredrik. „The Infrastructural Impact on the Swedish Wood Industry : Analysis of profitability, productivity, localization patterns and clustering“. Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1212.
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In this thesis, I have chosen to analyse the Swedish wood industry and how it has been developing during the last decades. The purpose is to analyse the infrastructural impact on the industrial location patterns and to see to what degree these locational changes can be observed in more or less favourable regions.
Theoretically, all economic activity should take into consideration where to locate the production. This means that the firms should analyse both profits and costs and then consider if they are located in an economically efficient location. If they draw the conclusion from the analysis that their locational situation is not efficient, they should consider relocating production in order to gain higher productivity.
In conclusion, the probability of a firm’s survival in the market, as well as sustaining a positive employment development, is higher in more favourable industrial locations. A more favourable industrial location is a location with a closer proximity to the market or in some cases close proximity to the raw materials used in production.
I den här uppsatsen har jag valt att analysera den svenska trävaruindustrin och dess utveckling under de senaste decennierna. Syftet med analysen är att undersöka den infrastrukturella situationen inom den svenska trävaruindustrin. Har det svenska industriella lokaliseringsmönstret förändrats över tiden, och kan man dessutom se skillnader i omfattning av dessa förändringar i mer eller mindre fördelaktigt lokaliserade regioner.
Teoretiskt sett skulle all ekonomisk verksamhet ta hänsyn till var verksamheten är belägen, d.v.s. företagen kommer att bedöma sina inkomster och utgifter och därefter bedöma om man befinner sig på en ekonomiskt hållbar plats. Kommer man däremot fram till att man inte är effektiv, ska man överväga en ny industriell lokalisering för att kunna öka sin produktivitet.
Slutsatsen som jag dragit är att benägenheten för ett företag att överleva på marknaden såväl som att bibehålla en positiv sysselsättningsutveckling i relation till andra företag inom samma industri är större om företaget är lokaliserat i en mer industriellt fördelaktig region. Med detta menas en region där företagen är mer fördelaktigt lokaliserade i relation till marknaden eller de råmaterial som används i produktionen.
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Melin, Martin. „Optimising cow traffic in automatic milking systems : with emphasis on feeding patterns, cow welfare and productivity /“. Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200563.pdf.
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Aava-Olsson, Birgitta. „Plant productivity : a predictor of animal species and community characteristics : ecological patterns from local to global scale /“. Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6084-0.pdf.
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Jump, Alistair Simon. „Geographic patterns in the distribution, productivity and population genetic structure of Cirsium species across their UK geographic range“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14760/.
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Geographically peripheral populations are believed to be particularly important in a species' response to environmental change and for the conservation of intraspecific genetic diversity. It is expected that as a species' range limits are approached, productivity and reproduction will decline and populations will become less abundant and more isolated. Decreased genetic variability and increased genetic divergence of peripheral populations is predicted based on these patterns. Cirsium heterophyllum reaches a southern geographical limit in the UK, C. acaule and C. eriophorum reach a northern limit and C. arvense occurs throughout the UK. These species have been used to determine whether contemporary patterns of distribution, productivity and reproductive potential across a species' UK latitudinal range are reflected in the predicted patterns of population genetic structure (assessed using microsatellite markers). Population frequency declines approaching the periphery of Cirsium acaule and C. heterophyllum. A decline in abundance was found in C. heterophyllum only. Community surveys suggest that peripheral populations do not occur in atypical habitat. There is no latitudinal variation in morphological characters across the species range, whereas reproductive potential declines approaching the periphery of the species that reach a latitudinal limit in the UK. Population genetic analysis revealed a decline in genetic variation toward the latitudinal limit of C. acaule. This pattern is absent in C. heterophyllum despite a marked decline in seed production and increase in population - . isolation approaching its periphery. C. heterophyllum exhibits almost randomised geographical structure of genetic variation. The lack of agreement between patterns of reproductive potential and population frequency and population genetic structure suggests that contemporary patterns of population distribution and reproduction may be inadequate for indicating patterns of population genetic structure within a species. Interspecific differences in post-glacial history may be important in explaining this disparity.
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Pankaew, Prasan. „Patterns and trends of cloud cover and photosynthetically active solar irradiation in southern England : implications for vegetation productivity“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/363792/.
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The aim of the research described in this thesis was to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) over the UK, in particular, to estimate both global PAR and the fraction of diffuse PAR at spatial and temporal scales appropriate for use with plant productivity models. In the UK, the spatial and temporal variation of PAR is primarily controlled by the fractional cloud cover and the solar geometry. Diffuse flux (skylight) penetrates further into the canopy than direct flux, so knowing the diffuse PAR fraction ( ) will improve the accuracy of plant productivity models, especially for canopies with significant 3D structure, such as forest. The first part of the research investigated a novel sunshine sensor, the Delta-T Devices BF3, to test whether this simple low-cost instrument was an adequate substitute for the instruments normally used to measure the components of PAR. This was the first independent test of this instrument and it concluded that the BF3 was highly suitable for this purpose. The main study developed and tested a method to map the amount of incident PAR ( ) and the diffuse fraction ( ), based on satellite sensor data. The main systems used were the Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager (MVIRI) on board the Meteosat First Generation (MFG) satellite and the Spinning Enhance Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The resulting maps of global and diffuse PAR over the whole of the UK were validated using ground data from meteorological stations and instruments at eight FLUXNET sites around the country. It is estimated that global hourly PAR was accurate to < 50 (RMSE) and diffuse PAR fraction to <10 % (RMSE). This is the first time these variables have been mapped at moderate spatial resolution (1km) over the whole of the UK. The Forest LIGHT (FLIGHT) model (North, 1996) was used to study the influence of and on forest canopy photosynthesis. The effect of diffuse PAR fraction on gross primary productivity was clear. With the same overall level of PAR, a forest canopy under ‘direct and diffuse’ illumination had an increase in GPP around 12 % compared to one under direct illumination only. One of the major issues faced in this research was the lack of adequate ground data for validation. The research has shown that both the amount of PAR and the diffuse fraction are important factors in forest productivity, and that the Delta-T Devices BF3 instrument is well-suited as a source of validation data for a national network to monitor the gross primary productivity of forests in the UK.
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Yee, Donald A. Juliano Steven A. „Effects of species interactions and productivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and community composition in tree holes patterns and mechanisms /“. Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1251832821&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1179157986&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.Title from title page screen, viewed on May 14, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Steven A. Juliano (chair), Roger C. Anderson, L. Philip Lounibos, Wade A. Nichols, William L. Perry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-162) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Agius, Stephen M. „Can Patterns of Energetic Condition Explain Differences in the Productivity of Arctic and Common Terns at Petit Manan Island, Maine?“ Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AgiusSM2008.pdf.
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Leijonhufvud, Lotta. „Grain tithes and manorial yields in early modern Sweden : trends and patterns of production and productivity c. 1540-1680 /“. Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5829-3.pdf.
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Grinevich, Vadim Vladimirovich. „Sectoral patterns of productivity growth and the university-industry interface : a cross-regional comparison for the UK, 1998-2002“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609978.
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Dress, William J. „Patterns of belowground productivity in Oak-Hickory Forests in Southern Ohio in relation to prescribed fire and landscape position /“. The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276531635.
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Gonçalves, Pedro Miguel Pinheiro. „Labour productivity and employment levels on sub-saharan Africa sectors : a structural change perspective (1990-2010)“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16790.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo delinear padrões de mudança estrutural, para o período entre 1990-2010, na Africa Subsaariana. As alterações na estrutura que transfere a mão-de-obra entre sectores e na estrutura da contribuição setorial para o aumento da produtividade do trabalho são analisadas utilizando os dados do Groningen Growth and Development Centre 10-Sector Database, para sete economias da região, através da aplicação de métodos de decomposição. Os métodos de decomposição permitem um reconhecimento direto da magnitude que as contribuições dos efeitos associados têm nas mudanças das estruturas analisadas, o que permite traçar os respetivos padrões de mudança estrutural. Os resultados obtidos, indicam que o aumento da produtividade do trabalho na economia deve-se, principalmente, às contribuições dos setores de serviços de mercado, embora uma importância acentuada sobre as contribuições e alocações de recursos deste setor possa estar a limitar as contribuições de outras atividades produtivas e o movimento de trabalhadores entre os vários setores de produção.
This research aims to delineate patterns of structural change, for the period between 1990 and 2010, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Changes on the structure that drives workers between sectors and in the structure of sectoral contributions to labour productivity increases are analysed using data from Groningen Growth and Development Centre 10-Sector Database, for seven economies from the region, through the applying of decomposition methods. Decomposition methods allow for a straightforward recognisance of the magnitude that contributions from associated effects have in changes of the analysed structures, what ultimately allows to draft the respective patterns of structural change. The results indicate that the rising labour productivity in the economy is due, chiefly, to the contributions of the market services sectors', although an accentuated importance over this sector contributions and resources allocations may be limiting the contributions from other sectors and the movements of the workforce between the different production activities.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Giljum, Stefan, Monika Dittrich, Franz Stephan Lutter und Mirko Lieber. „Global patterns of material flows and their socio-economic and environmental implications: a MFA study on all countries world-wide from 1980 to 2009“. MDPI, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5322/1/resources%2D03%2D00319.pdf.
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This paper assesses world-wide patterns of material extraction, trade,
consumption and productivity based on a new data set for economy-wide material flows,
covering used materials for all countries world-wide between 1980 and 2009. We show
that global material extraction has grown by more than 90% over the past 30 years and is
reaching almost 70 billion tonnes today. Also, trade volumes in physical terms have
increased by a factor of 2.5 over the past 30 years, and in 2009, 9.3 billion tonnes of raw
materials and products were traded around the globe. China has turned into the biggest
consumer of materials world-wide and together with the US, India, Brazil and Russia,
consumes more than 50% of all globally extracted materials. We also show that the
per-capita consumption levels are very uneven, with a factor of more than 60 between the
country with the lowest and highest consumption in 2009. On average, each human being
consumed 10 tonnes of materials in 2009, 2 tonnes more than in 1980. We discuss whether
decoupling of economies' growth from resource use has occurred and analyse
interrelations of material use with human development. Finally, we elaborate on key
environmental problems related to various material groups.
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Spocter, Manfred Aldrin. „Non-metropolitan gated developments in the Western Cape : patterns, processes and purpose“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79915.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Gated developments, also known as gated communities, have become a feature of urban living throughout the world and have been the subject of intensive research. Gated developments in South African cities are a ubiquitous feature of the post-apartheid urban landscape with many new housing developments in the form of secure estates or fortified townhouse complexes. Almost all the international literature on gated developments has focused on them as a metropolitan phenomenon. Very few international studies have investigated gated developments in non-metropolitan locales and this topic is unexplored in the South African context. This dissertation addresses this research gap. The study area is the entire non-metropolitan area of the Western Cape province. The politicoadministrative concept of non-metropolitan is used rather than the descriptor rural because the latter implies an area of primary production with no diversification of productive activities. The study area excludes the metropolitan area of Cape Town but includes the rest of the province within which there are settlements of varying sizes having a diverse range of economic activities. It is in these places that gated developments were investigated to cover and discover particular aspects of the hitherto unexplored non-metropolitan gated developments of South Africa. The specific objectives were to place the research in the theoretical and conceptual debates of gated developments; map the occurrence of the phenomenon; and spatially analyse the location and security aspects of the developments at a macro scale. Two towns, Swellendam and Ceres, were selected as case studies as their gated developments present a host of significant features warranting further micro-scale analysis. The spatial and locational analyses yielded other researchable themes specific to certain types of developments, namely retirement gated developments in Oudtshoorn and Swellendam and gated developments outside the urban edge. A comprehensive spatially-linked database of gated developments in the study area was compiled from numerous sources, culminating in a process of groundtruthing that resulted in the collection of data on the physical features of each development. Qualitative data was collected from respondents through interviews, electronic communications and a questionnaire survey. Distribution patterns of gated developments were determined from spatial data and data on physical features was used to calculate security level index values for the gated developments. These data sets enabled spatial and typological comparisons to be made. Qualitative data added a ‘voice’ to the quantitative data and provided insights into social, economic and planning aspects of gated developments. The location of gated developments in the province is largely determined by proximity to metropolitan Cape Town and areas with high occurrences of amenities. The spatio-temporal patterns and typological distinctions of gated developments are influenced by location-specific factors. In some towns the gated developments typify a living space and in others a living and lifestyle space. The security features of gated developments also vary typologically and spatially. Crime data was used to show that the distribution of non-metropolitan gated developments is not necessarily associated with towns with high levels of criminal activity. Security in these developments is not a response to rampant crime, rather a strategy brought into play in case something happens – preparedness in the unlikely event of a breach of security. The gated developments in the two case-study towns are strongly influenced by locationspecific needs, the purposes of residents and the processes of municipalities. Niche market gated developments, as represented in the thematic case studies of retirement gated developments and gated developments outside the urban edge are promoted by pull factors within towns and by the allure of an exclusive rural residential lifestyle of living in areas with high amenity offerings. The latter is linked to the transformation of agricultural land into gated developments, which signals a shift to postproductivist change in the study area. The results of this seminal investigation into non-metropolitan gated developments suggest avenues for further research endeavour. These include the need for greater understanding of the changing nature of social relations between gated and the non-gated inhabitants of non-metropolitan locales; investigation of the potential for increased topophobia within towns; and examinations of the functions of the various stakeholders and role players in establishing non-metropolitan gated developments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslote woonbuurte, ook bekend as geslote gemeenskappe, ’n kenmerk van baie stede regoor die wêreld, het die onderwerp van intensiewe navorsing geword. Geslote woonbuurte in Suid-Afrikaanse stede is ‘n alomteenwoordige kenmerk van die post-apartheid stedelike landskap met baie nuwe behuisingsontwikkelings wat as beveiligde landgoede en meenthuiskomplekse gebou word. Die meerderheid van die internasionale literatuur oor geslote woonbuurte beskou hulle as ’n metropolitaanse verskynsel. Baie min internasionale studies het geslote gemeenskappe in niemetropolitaanse lokaliteite ondersoek en dié onderwerp is onverken in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Hierdie proefskrif vul dié navorsingsleemte. Die studiegebied is die hele nie-metropolitaanse gebied van die Wes-Kaap provinsie. Die politiesadministriewe konsep ‘nie-metropolitaans’ word gebruik in plaas van die benaming ‘landelik’ omdat laasgenoemde ’n gebied van primêre produksie met geen diversifisering van ekonomiese aktiwiteite impliseer. Dus, sluit die studiegebied die metropolitaanse gebied van Kaapstad uit, maar sluit die res van die provinsie in waar nedersettings van verskeie grootte en met ’n diverse reeks ekonomiese aktiwiteite voorkom. Dit is in hierdie gebiedens dat geslote woonbuurte ondersoek word met die doel om besondere aspekte van hierdie tot nou toe onverkende nie-metropolitaanse geslote woonbuurte in Suid-Afrika, na vore te bring. Die spesifieke doelwitte is om die navorsing binne die breër teorietiese en konseptuele debatte rondom geslote woonbuurte te plaas; die verspreiding van die verskynsel te karteer; die ligging en die sekuriteitsaspekte van die woonbuurte op makro skaal ruimtelik te ontleed. Ceres en Swellendam word as gevallestudies behandel. Die twee dorpe se geslote woonbuurte ’n menigte beduidende kenmerke van hul geslote woonbuurte vertoon, wat verdere mikro skaalanalise regverdig. Die ruimtelike en liggingsanalises het navorsingwaardige temas oor spesifieke tipes geslote woonbuurte onthul. Die temas sluit geslote aftreewoonbuurte in Oudtshoorn en Swellendam en geslote woonbuurte buitekant dorpsgrense in. ’n Omvattende ruimtelike databasis van geslote woonbuurte binne die studiegebeid is uit verskeie bronne saamgestel en ’n proses van terreinverifiëring het vir die inwin van data oor fisiese kenmerke van elke woonbuurt gesorg. Kwalitatiewe data is by respondente verkry deur middel van onderhoude, elektroniese kommunikasie en ’n vraelys opname. Verspreidingspatrone van die geslote woonbuurte is aan die hand van die ruimtelike data vasgestel en die data oor die fisiese verskynsels is gebruik om ’n sekuriteitsindekswaardes van die geslote woonbuurte te bereken. Die datastelle het ruimtelike en tipologiese vergelykings moontlik gemaak. Kwalitatiewe data het ’n ‘stem’ aan die kwantitiewe data verleen en insig in die sosiale, ekonomiese en beplanningsaspekte van geslote woonbuurte verskaf. Die ligging van geslote woonbuurte in die provinsie is grootliks deur nabyheid aan die Kaapse metropool en gebiede met ’n hoë voorkoms van geriewe beïnvloed. Die ruimtelike- en tydspatrone en tipologiese kenmerke van geslote woonbuurte is deur liggingspesifiekefaktore beïnvloed. In sommige dorpe is die geslote woonbuurte as ’n ‘leefruimte’ gekenmerk, terwyl ander geslote woonbuurte as ‘leefruimte en leefstylruimte’ getipeer word. Die sekuriteitsverskynsels van geslote woonbuurte het ook tipologiese en ruimtelike verskeidenheid getoon. Misdaaddata is gebruik om te toon dat die verspreiding van nie-metropolitaanse geslote woonbuurte nie noodwendig ooreenstem met dorpe met hoë misdaadsyfers nie. Sekuriteit is nie ’n reaksie op buitensporige misdaadsyfers nie, eerder ’n strategie wat in werking tree in geval iets gebeur – paraatheid vir die onwaarskynlike gebeurtenis van ’n sekuriteitskending. Die ontwikkeling van geslote woonbuurte in die gevallestudiedorpe is sterk deur liggingspesifieke behoeftes, die doelstellings van inwoners en prosesse van munisipaliteite beïnvloed. Geslote woonbuurte wat nismarkte bedien, soos dié wat deur die tematiese gevallestudies verteenwoordig is, word bevorder deur sekere aantrekkingsfaktore wat dorpe bied en die bekoring van ’n eksklusiewe landelike residensiële lewensstyl in gebiede met ’n hoë voorkoms van geriewe vir lewensgenieting. Laasgenoemde is gekoppel aan die omskepping van landbougrond vir die bou van geslote woonbuurte wat ’n aanduiding van post-produktivistiese verandering in die studiegebeid is. Dié eerste en gedagteprikkelende ondersoek oor nie-metropoolitaanse geslote woonbuurte opper temas vir verdere navorsing. Dit sluit in ’n verstaan van die moontlike veranderings in sosiale verhoudings tussen die inwoners van geslote en ongeslote nie-metropolitaanse lokaliteite, die moontlikheid van verhoogde topofobie in dorpe; en ondersoeke oor die rol van verskillende insethouers en rolspelers in die ontwikkeling van nie-metropoolitaanse geslote woonbuurte.
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Rosenberg, Maria. „La formation agentive en français : les composés [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A et les dérivés V-ant, V-eur et V-oir(e)“. Phd thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486981.
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This study addresses the French morphological construction [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A. The main objectives are to posit a single rule for its formation and to question the implications of the agent polysemy. The theoretical framework is lexeme-based morphology, which adheres to weak lexicalism. The first part of our analysis is qualitative and concerns the availability aspect of productivity. The method is introspective. The internal semantic patterns of the French construction are examined. Our results give evidence for the claim that a single morphological construction rule, [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A, is responsible for the cases where the first constituent is a verb stem, and the second constituent may correspond to an internal argument, an external argument or a semantic adjunct. All cases manifest the same patterns, which are related to the denotative meanings included in the agent polysemy: Agent, Instrument, Locative, Action, Result and Cause. Our contrastive analysis shows that the same patterns are found in the four Swedish agentive formations, [N/A/Adv/PV-are]N, [N/A/Adv/PV]N, [N/A/Adv/PV-a]N and [VN]N, which correspond to the French [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A construction and which also contain a verbal constituent and its internal or external argument, or an adjunct. The second part of our analysis is quantitative and concerns the profitability aspect of productivity. The method is inductive. The aim is to explore the polysemy of agent and its assumed hierarchical structure, in synchrony and diachrony. Four French agentive formations, [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A compounds and V-ant, V-eur and V-oir(e) derivations, are included in order to examine semantic competition and blocking effects. Our results give evidence for the existence of an agent polysemy but deny that it has a hierarchical structure valid for every agentive formation. The meanings in the agent polysemy are more or less profitable according to formation type: blocking effects could explain this behaviour.
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Yameogo, Dieudonné. „Hydrogéologie des formations fissurées de la partie sud du plateau Mossi entre le Nazino et le Nakambe (région de Kombissiri-Manga), Burkina-Faso“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756428.
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Situé entre le Nazlno et le Nakambé, le Sud du plateau Mossi connait un climat de type soudanéen marqué par une pluviométrie en baisse et une évapotransplratlon élevée. C'est un plateau de faible altitude légèrement Incliné vers le Sud, sur lequel se dessine un réseau hydrographique variable en densité qui draine toute la région vers les deux principales rivières. Le substratum est constitué essentiellement des formations éburnéennes et blrrlmlennes (migmatites, granitoïdes, amphibolites, schistes et micaschistes). Sur ce bâti cristallin se met en place un réseau de fracturation complexe que révèle l'étude des photographies aériennes. Ces fractures jouent un rôle Important dans l'infiltration et le stockage des eaux. La détermination des zones aquifères en vue d'Implanter les ouvrages de captage revient à localiser les fractures le long desquelles se mettent en place des nappes discontinues. La prospection géophysique est la méthode par excellence adaptée à la recherche d'eau en pays cristallin. la productivité hydraulique des ouvrages est dépendante non de leur profondeur mals des conditions hydrogéologlques. L'étude plézométrlque a mis en évidence des zones d'alimentation et des zones de drainage à travers les altérites et les fissures du bad-rock. L'hydrochlmle montre la présence de trois types d'eaux faiblement minéralisées. Le chimisme de l'eau est en relation étroite avec la nature das formations géologiques à travers lesquelles elles circulent et le mode de circulation.
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Lin, Wen-Bin, und 林文斌. „A Study of Tracking Pattern for Match Fixing Players' Efficiency and Productivity in CPBL“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35737783517633021865.
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博士國立體育大學
體育研究所
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The reason for baseball's society-wide popularity is explainable only in terms of the intimate relationship which has existed between the Taiwanese and baseball over the past century. However, the highest level professional baseball in Taiwan had suffered game-fixing scandals several times and continuously breaking fans’ heart. This research discovered that the dark side of sport has grown considerably by literature review, and the influences included not only sport as such, but economic impact. Consequently, either increasing the economic scale could interdict the match fixing in CPBL, or any indications revealed players corruption? This research used the concepts and research methods of “Efficiency and Productivity” to evaluate efficiencies for players, in addition to examine the time series equilibrium by exponentially weighted moving average. We set 7 days a week for one time period. There were totally 342 time periods for fields during three different matching fixing events and totally 161 periods for pitchers during two different match fixing events. The detective model which for players’ exceptional efficiency indicated accurate rate that was 62% consistent with the render a verdict of courts for the event in 1996, 2005, and 2008. Meanwhile, there was a 72% accurate rate for the event in 1996, and it was 100% for fielders in 2008. However, this model detected nothing exceptional for fielders in 2005 and also pitchers in 2008. We also looked forward to prevent match fixing by establishing an evaluation system and tracking pattern for players’ efficiency and productivity, in order to monitor long-term trends variation.
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McWethy, David Burch. „Bird response to landscape pattern and disturbance across productivity gradients in forests of the Pacific Northwest“. 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/mcwethy/McWethyD0807.pdf.
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Matthias, Isabelle. „Comparisons of modern pollen deposition with vegetation abundance and landscape pattern in NE-Germany“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-6027-B.
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Seit der Einführung der Pollenanalyse für Rekonstruktionen vergangener Vegetationsbedeckung befassen sich Wissenschaftler mit dem Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Pollenproduktionen der verschiedenen Arten sowie der Fragestellung, wie welches Gebiet in den Pollendaten widergespiegelt und interpretiert werden kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es den Zusammenhang zwischen Pollen und Vegetation weiter zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden Pollendaten von Oberflächenproben aus Brandenburger Seesedimenten sowie Pollenakkumulationsraten (PAR) von bleidatierten Sedimentkurzkernen mit Vegetationsdaten aus Waldinventurdaten und Biotopkartierungen verglichen.
Zu den wichtigen Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit gehören die Berechnungen von relativen und absoluten Pollenproduktionsraten (PPE und aPPE). Während die PPEs die verhältnismäßige Pollenproduktion der Arten zu einem Referenztaxon beschreiben, ist unter den aPPEs die Pollenproduktion pro Vegetationseinheit, in diesem Fall pro m³ (Biomasse), zu verstehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen gleich hohe PPE-Werte für Fagus und Pinus und bestätigen im Allgemeinen die PPE-Werte aus Studien, die für andere Regionen Europas erhoben wurden. Die berechneten aPPE-Werte unterscheiden sich dagegen deutlich von den aPPE-Werten in Finnland, wo die aPPE für Pinus um ein zehnfaches geringer ist als in Brandenburg. Dieser Unterschied lässt sich möglicherweise mit einer höheren Nettoprimärproduktion der gleichen Biomasse in Zentraleuropa erklären. Darüber hinaus wurde der Einfluss von Blühalter und Waldstruktur auf PPE Berechnungen evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Berücksichtigung beider Faktoren den größten Einfluss auf die Baumarten hat, die relativ spät den Kronenbereich bzw. ihr Blühalter erreichen, wie z.B. Fagus und Carpinus. Der geringste Einfluss dieser Faktoren zeigt sich für Arten, die bereits nach wenigen Jahren mit der Pollenproduktion beginnen, wie z.B. Betula und Alnus.
Für die Berechnung von PPEs und aPPEs muss ein Gebiet um den See (oder das Moor) ermittelt werden, in dem die Pollendaten mit der Vegetation verglichen werden können. Dieses Gebiet für die Berechnung von PPEs wird als „relevant source area of pollen“ (RSAP) bezeichnet. Die RSAP ist definiert als das Gebiet, in dem Pollenprozentdaten und Vegetationsprozentdaten den stärksten Zusammenhang zueinander aufweisen und es zu keiner besseren Korrelation der beiden Variablen in einer weiteren Distanz kommt. Die hier ermittelte RSAP für Brandenburg liegt bei sieben Kilometern und ist damit im Vergleich zu den meisten vorherigen Studien relativ groß. Diese relativ große RSAP lässt sich durch die Quartäre Landschaftsstruktur in Brandenburg erklären, welche durch großräumige Bestände einer Art oder Artenzusammensetzung charakterisiert ist. Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit erstmals, dass PAR für die einzelnen Hauptbaumarten in einem linearen Zusammenhang mit der seeumgebenen Biomasse stehen. Im Gegensatz zu der RSAP ist das Gebiet, welches am stärksten die Variationen der PAR erklärt, relativ klein und erstreckt sich von wenigen Metern bis maximal 2,5 Kilometer vom Seeufer. Die Größe dieses Gebiets variiert zwischen den Arten, was mit der Verbreitung des Pollens und der Abundanz der einzelnen Arten erklärt werden kann. Die Beobachtung, dass der Großteil des Pollens von der nahen Vegetation kommt, bestätigt den Einfluss einer „trunk space“-Komponente eines früheren konzeptuellen Pollenverbreitungsmodells. Die heute genutzten mathematischen Pollenverbreitungsmodelle berücksichtigen diese Komponente jedoch nicht. Nach den Erkenntnissen dieser Studie würde die Berücksichtigung dieser Komponente jedoch zu einer Verbesserung der angewandten Pollenverbreitungsmodelle führen.
Die oben genannten Datensätze wurden darüber hinaus für Vergleiche von verschiedenen Pollendiversitätsindexen mit Aspekten der Diversität der Landschaft genutzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Diversität der Pollen zu einem großen Teil mit der Diversität der Landschaft innerhalb eines Kilometers um den See herum erklärt werden kann. Während die nahe Vegetation hauptsächlich die Diversität erklärt, welche sich aus der Anzahl der Arten und deren Abundanz zusammensetzt, ist die „Palynological richness“ von einem größeren Gebiet beeinflusst (sieben Kilometer). Die Gleichverteilung von Pollenkörnen kann somit durch das Verhältnis zwischen der Diversität der Pollen und der „Palynological richness“ beschrieben werden, in dem ein größerer Wert eine größere Gleichverteilung der Arten beschreibt und umgekehrt.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit zeigen, dass die Pollendaten in Abhängigkeit zur Fragestellung ein unterschiedlich großes Einzugsgebiet widerspiegeln. Ein größeres Einzugsgebiet der Pollen wird durch die Komposition der Pollenprozentdaten sowie der Anzahl der Pollentypen beschrieben. Die absolute Abundanz sowie die Diversität der ufernahen Vegetation kann dagegen durch PARs und die Diversität der Pollen interpretiert werden.
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Brunow, Stephan. „Der Einfluss der Altersstruktur auf das Wachstum und die Produktivität von Regionen“. Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25155.
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Die regionale altersstrukturelle Zusammensetzung in Europa und Deutschland ist sehr heterogen. In der Literatur werden viele Diskussionen darüber geführt, wie sich unter anderem Regionen in Zukunft entwickeln werden und ob es ggf. zu einer Entvölkerung einzelner Gebiete kommt.
Allerdings sind bisher nur selten Untersuchungen vorgenommen worden, welche die Auswirkungen der altersstrukturellen Zusammensetzung auf die regionale Produktivität und das regionale Wachstum sind. Diese Lücke wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit weiter vervollständigt. Zunächst wird ein neoklassisches Wachstumsmodell in Anlehnung an Mankiw, Romer und Weil (1992) angewandt und um öffentliche Investitionen erweitert. Das Untersuchungsfeld sind europäische und deutsche Regionen. Im Anschluss wird untersucht, inwiefern die regionale Altersstruktur Humankapitalexternalitäten generiert. Hierzu wird eine Produktionsfunktion in Anlehnung an Lucas (1988) geschätzt. Anschließend wird ein simultanes Gleichungssystem für eine Schätzgleichung motiviert, die der Arbeit von Baldwin (1999) folgt.
Es zeigt sich, dass Unterschiede in der regionalen Produktivität und des Wachstums durch altersstrukturelle Variationen erklärt werden kann.The composition of the regional age pattern of the population and labour force within Europe and Germany is quiet heterogenous. Within the existing literature there is a debate on regional development and the possibility of depopulation. However, there is only limited evidence on the effect of the composition of the age pattern on regional productivity and growth. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. To adress this issues an augmented neoclassical growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) is applied. Additionally, public spendings are controlled for. The model is tested on European and German regions. The next section focuses on productivity, esp. whether the age structure of human capital effects human capital externalities. First, a production function in a Lucas (1988) fashion is estimated. Second, a simultaneous equation model based on the conceptual ideas of Baldwin (1999) is applied. One can conclude that differences in regional productivity and growth is due to variation of the age pattern of the labour force and population.
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Zaks, David Philip Martin. „Global patterns of ecological productivity and tropical forest biomass“. 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/191885392.html.
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Mokete, Tsukulu. „Efficiency, risk and productivity patterns in South African development finance institutions“. Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26065.
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Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Masters of Management in Finance and Investment
May 2018Like most commercial banks that needs to convert deposit (input) into loans (outputs) efficiently, the cost of bringing about the developmental mandate for the DFIs needs to be kept at the minimum, whilst producing maximum output. Whilst there is a wide literature on a traditional measure of efficiencies from the credit allocation perspective, few or no studies are available in linking the risk incurred by DFIs - due to their operational mandate- to their relative efficiencies and productivity patterns. The paper assessed the relationship between efficiency, risk and productivity patterns, within the DFIs. Principally the main area of interest is understanding the relationship between risks that DFIs are mandated to take and their effect on efficiency levels. The results firstly indicated that operational inefficiencies resulting from inability to allocate resources and cost were the primary source behind the DFIs inefficiencies. Turning to the second objective, the analysis reveals that the nexus between risk and efficiency does not exists for the South African DFIs. The majority of the DFI in SA are government funded to assume a certain risk in an effort to achieve the developmental goal.
MT 2018
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Sancier, Michele L. „A descriptive study of sound production in cleft palate infants patterns, productivity, and contrastivity /“. 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20582016.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-202).
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Temenggung, Syafruddin Arsyad. „Patterns of regional development economic growth, sectoral changes, poverty, and regional disparities in Indonesia /“. 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32036079.html.
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Celikkol, Pinar. „Productivity patterns in the U.S. food and kindred products industries a planet level analysis, 1972-1995 /“. 2003. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-330/index.html.
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„Applying Distributional Approaches to Understand Patterns of Urban Differentiation“. Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25957.
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abstract: Urban scaling analysis has introduced a new scientific paradigm to the study of cities. With it, the notions of Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics for the Life and Social Sciences 2014
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Hart, Kelly. „Effect of frequency of milking and feed delivery on the behavioural patterns and productivity of lactating dairy cows“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/6765.
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The objective of this thesis was to determine the effects of frequency of milking and feed delivery on the behavioural patterns and productivity of lactating dairy cows. In two independent experiments, twelve free-stall housed, lactating Holstein dairy cows were exposed to either varying milking frequency or varying feed delivery frequency over 21-d periods. In the first study, cows milked three times per day and multiparous cows produced more milk than those milked twice per day and primiparous cows. Milking three times per day altered the distribution of feeding activity throughout the day. Multiparous cows had longer, and larger meals, while primiparous cows had smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day when milked three times per day. In the second study, cows delivered feed three times per day consumed more DM than those fed once per day and twice per day. Feed delivery frequency had little effect on feeding behaviour and the distribution of feeding activity, but altered the magnitude of DMI following feed delivery. Cows delivered feed more frequently achieve greater daily DMI by consuming more feed following the return from milking and the delivery of feed.This project was financially supported by a Dairy Farmers of Ontario (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) research grant and an Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA; Guelph, Ontario, Canada)/University of Guelph Production Systems research grant. Additional project support was received from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) and the Ontario Research Fund (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
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Baas, R. Christopher. „An analysis of settlement patterns and agricultural productivity of Germans settling Franklin County, Indiana Butler Township l850-1880 /“. 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36296786.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-145).
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Wu, Sheng-Ting, und 巫聖婷. „Many Different Patterns of The Productivity of Data Envelopment Analysis - Listed and OTC Electronic Component Industries in Taiwan As An Example“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34171011714462511692.
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碩士元智大學
會計學系
94
Utilizing Bilateral model, Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) model, Banker-Charnes-Cooper ( BCC) model, non-controllable (NCN) model, and window analysis of data envelopment analysis, this paper examines the relative efficiency of 53 public listed and 70 OTC electronic component industries in Taiwan between 2002 and 2005. The parameters we used for input variables are operating costs, total non-operating expenses, research and develop expense, cost of equipment, TCRI credit rating standard and employee number, and for output variable are operating revenues and total non-operating revenue. The empirical results are summarized as follows: 1. Under the Bilateral model, we can discover that even the economy environment is murky, the relative efficiency of the public listed electronic component industries are better than the OTC electronic component industries. In the contrary, when the economic environment change for better, the OTC electronic component industries achieve the management performance goal easily. 2. We compartmentalize TCRI credit rating standard for two groups. Group-one is standard first to fifth, group-two is standard sixth to tenth. Under the Bilateral model, group-one’s relative efficiency is better than group-two. As a result, TCRI credit rating standard is a useful variable. 3. The empirical results indicates that the relative efficiency between window analysis and the other models is very similar. Window analysis is more confirmable and steady compared to other models. 4. Under the non-controllable variable model, considered more factors which the superintendents couldn’t control. In this situation, the relative efficiency changed.
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Costa, Joana Sofia dos Santos. „Breeding ecology and migration patterns of an afro-palearctic migratory insectivorous bird, the Bee-eater (Merops Apiaster)“. Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30178.
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Important habitats crucial to animal reproduction and survival are being transformed at an increasing rate and at the same time, climate change is altering ecological patterns in both time and space. Migratory species are currently experiencing severe declines as they move within a network of interconnected areas that are often undergoing different rates of change. Understanding the factors that influence population dynamics in migratory species therefore requires not only knowledge on breeding ecology and drivers of breeding success, but also on how events during one period of the annual cycle carry over to influence events in subsequent seasons.
The overall objective of this thesis was to increase the knowledge about the breeding ecology and migratory patterns of the European bee-eater (Merops apiaster), an Afro-Palearctic long-distance migrant. More specifically, this thesis focused on increasing the knowledge on trophic ecology as well as providing a first insight of bee-eater’s migratory patterns, at population and individual levels. This work also explored, for the first time, the link between migratory performance and productivity in an Iberian population of this species. Finally, it was investigated if productivity is influenced by age and pair-fidelity.
The first two chapters were developed based on the need of the application of the described methods in the subsequent chapters. First, I developed discriminant functions to sex adult bee-eaters. This work was the first using biometrics of molecularly sexed birds to generate population specific, as well as, general discriminant functions for sexing adult European bee-eaters. Then, I also developed a photographic guide to estimate the age of nestling bee-eaters and presented a protocol that proposes visiting nests at 12 day intervals, while achieving the highest accuracy in nestling aging with the smallest disturbance and logistic investment.
This thesis showed that the diet of bee-eaters during the breeding season varies across colonies in distinct habitats and seasons, and between what is consumed by adults and provided to nestlings. The results revealed distinct migration patterns of European Bee-eaters from three breeding populations (Iberia, Germany and Bulgaria) showing that individuals from Bulgaria migrate on an eastern route to southern Africa while the other two populations take a western route. It also provided evidence for different timings of migration between the three populations.
At individual level, departure from the wintering area and travel duration seemed to be the most apparent factors influencing arrival to the breeding areas in Iberia. In this study, it was reported a positive relationship between arrival and laying dates. Additionally, the relationship between laying date and productivity was year specific: in 2017, the number of fledglings decreased throughout the season, contrary to 2016, when laying was earlier in the year and productivity remained constant. Finally, the results showed that older females (but not males) lay eggs earlier and have higher productivity than first breeding females. Moreover, older couples seemed equally likely to maintain their pair bond during two consecutive seasons than first breeding pairs and productivity does not seem to be influenced by mate retention.
Inter-annual variation in productivity may affect populations in the long term if the frequency of poor (or good) environmental conditions increases, as these induce fluctuations in demographic rates. Therefore, this study urges for long-term monitoring of bee-eater populations, and other Afro-Palearctic migrants, to predict their population level responses to environmental change and optimize conservation strategies accordingly.Os habitats essenciais para a reprodução e sobrevivência animal têm vindo a ser transformados a um ritmo crescente e ao mesmo tempo, as alterações climáticas têm vindo a alterar espacialmente e temporalmente os padrões ecológicos. Muitas espécies migradoras estão, actualmente, em declínio severo devido ao facto de ocuparem áreas conectadas entre si que muitas vezes são alteradas a diferentes velocidades. Assim, para compreender os factores que influenciam a dinâmica populacional das espécies migradoras é necessário, não só, aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a sua ecologia reprodutora e os factores que determinam o sucesso reprodutor, mas também perceber de que modo os eventos que ocorrem durante um determinado período do ciclo anual se traduzem em carry-over effects e influenciam os eventos nas épocas subsequentes. O principal objectivo desta tese foi aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ecologia reprodutora e padrões migratórios do Abelharuco (Merops apiaster), um migrador Afro-paleártico de longa distância. Mais concretamente, esta tese focou-se em aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a ecologia trófica, assim como investigar pela primeira vez os padrões migratórios do Abelharuco, a nível populacional e individual. Este trabalho também investigou pela primeira vez a relação entre a performance migratória e a produtividade de uma população desta espécie que nidifica na Península Ibéria. Finalmente investigou-se se a produtividade é influenciada pela idade e fidelidade do casal. Os primeiros dois manuscritos foram desenvolvidos devido à necessidade de aplicar esses métodos nos capítulos seguintes. Primeiro, desenvolvi funções discriminantes para determinar o sexo de Abelharucos adultos. Este trabalho foi o primeiro que utilizou biometrias de Abelharucos, nos quais o sexo foi identificado molecularmente, para produzir funções discriminantes aplicáveis ao nível da população mas também para a espécie em geral. Desenvolvi também um guia de fotografias para determinar a idade das crias de Abelharuco e apresento um protocolo que propõe visitar os ninhos em intervalos de 12 dias de modo a atingir a precisão máxima na determinação da idade das crias, minimizando a perturbação e o investimento logístico. Esta tese mostrou que a dieta do Abelharuco durante a época reprodutora varia entre colónias localizadas em habitats distintos, entre épocas e entre o que é consumido pelos adultos e fornecido às crias. Os resultados revelaram distintos padrões migratórios do Abelharuco entre três populações reprodutoras (Ibéria, Alemanha e Bulgária), indicando que os indivíduos da Bulgária migram através de uma rota este para o sul de África, enquanto as outras duas populações migram por uma rota oeste. Também demonstrou que as três populações exibem diferentes timings de migração. Ao nível individual, a partida da área de invernada e a duração da migração parecem ser os principais factores que influenciam a data de chegada à área de reprodução na Ibéria. Neste estudo, foi estabelecida uma relação positiva entre a chegada à área de reprodução e as datas de postura. Adicionalmente, a relação encontrada entre a data de postura e a produtividade variou entre anos: em 2017, o número de crias voadoras diminuiu ao longo da época reprodutora; mas tal não aconteceu em 2016, quando as datas de postura ocorreram mais cedo e a produtividade permaneceu constante ao longo da época. Finalmente, os resultados mostraram que fêmeas mais velhas (mas não machos) colocam os ovos mais cedo e têm maior produtividade do que as fêmeas que se reproduzem pela primeira vez. Adicionalmente, os casais mais velhos parecem ter a mesma probabilidade de se manter juntos durante duas épocas reprodutoras consecutivas comparado com os casais que se reproduzem pela primeira vez. A produtividade não parece ser influenciada pela manutenção do parceiro. A variação inter-anual na produtividade pode afectar as populações a longo termo através da indução de flutuações nas taxas demográficas, se a frequência de más (ou boas) condições ambientais aumentar. Deste modo, este estudo apela à monitorização a longo prazo das populações de Abelharucos, e outros migradores afro-paleárcticos, de forma a prever as respostas das populações às alterações ambientais e optimizar medidas de conservação.
Programa Doutoral em Biologia
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Sierra, Cornejo Natalia. „The role of the fine root system in carbon fluxes and carbon allocation patterns of tropical ecosystems along a climate and land-use gradient at Mount Kilimanjaro“. Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-14AC-3.
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江崎, 光男. „東アジア諸国の雁行形態的発展に関する計量経済分析“. 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13027.
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Castelo, Branco Duarte Maria de Vilhena Pinto de. „The role of working hours in the differences among portuguese, spanish and german cultural patterns in predicting work and wellbeing related variables“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/37008.
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Recently there has been a trend regarding the reduction of working hours among developed countries (Cygan-Rehm & Wunder, 2018). This because over the years multiple studies on the effect of long average weekly working hours on a variety of work and wellbeing related variables have proven that, in fact working long hours can have negatives effects on one’s wellbeing, satisfaction and productivity (Collewet, & Sauerann, 2017), and reductions in working hours generate robust and significant increases in job and leisure satisfaction (Lepinteur, 2018).
Furthermore, the reason for some countries not to implement significant working hours reductions are still yet to be known. In the present study culture is thought to be the reason.
For that same purpose The Hofstede Model (Hofstede, 1980), suggests that cultures can be characterized from the following six Cultural Dimensions: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint.
In order to test the hypothesis that working hours have an effect on the relation between culture and some work and wellbeing related variables. A cross-sectional with a non-probabilistic sampling method study was carried out, using an online based questionnaire with 118 participants from Portugal, Germany and Spain. The data was statistically analyzed through correlations and a mediation model using PROCESS (Hays, 2020) in SPSS, where Portugal’s, Spain’s and Germany’s cultural patterns were introduced as the predictor variables, working hours as the mediator and the multiple work and wellbeing related variables as the outcome.
Contrarily, to what was sought the mediation did not occur as there were no statistically significant results in the indirect effects of working hours. Despite this, cultural patterns do seem to have an effect on how working hours regimes are implemented differently in each of the mentioned countries according to their own cultural pattern.Recentemente tem-se notado uma tendência no que toca à redução das horas de trabalho entre os países desenvolvidos (Cygan-Rehm & Wunder, 2018). Isto porque ao longo dos anos vários estudos sobre o efeito de longas horas médias de trabalho semanais numa variedade de variáveis relacionadas com trabalho e bem-estar provaram que, trabalhar longas horas pode ter efeitos negativos no bem-estar, satisfação e produtividade (Collewet, & Sauerann, 2017) e reduções nas horas de trabalho geram aumentos robustos e significativos na satisfação no trabalho e no lazer (Lepinteur, 2018). Além disso, a razão pela qual alguns países ainda não implementaram reduções significativas nos horários de trabalho ainda não é conhecida. No presente estudo, pensa-se que é a cultura. Como tal, o Modelo de Hofstede (Hofstede, 1980), sugere que as culturas podem ser caracterizadas a partir das seis Dimensões Culturais seguintes: Distância de Poder, Prevenção da Incerteza, Individualismo/Coletivismo, Masculinidade/Feminilidade, Orientação a Longo/Curto Prazo, e Indulgência/Restrição. A fim de testar a hipótese de que as horas de trabalho têm um efeito sobre a relação entre a cultura e variáveis de trabalho e bem-estar. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com um método de amostragem não-probabilístico, utilizando um questionário online com 118 participantes de Portugal, Alemanha e Espanha. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através de correlações e de um modelo de mediação utilizando a PROCESS (Hays, 2020) no SPSS, onde os padrões culturais de Portugal, Espanha e Alemanha foram introduzidos como as variáveis preditoras, as horas de trabalho como mediador e as variáveis de trabalho e bem-estar como variáveis dependentes. Ao contrário do que se pretendia, a mediação não ocorreu, pois não houve resultados estatisticamente significativos nos efeitos indiretos das horas de trabalho. Apesar disto, os padrões culturais parecem ter um efeito na forma como os regimes de horário de trabalho são implementados de forma diferente em cada um dos países mencionados, de acordo com o seu próprio padrão cultural.