Dissertationen zum Thema „Production artificielle“
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Billion, Arnaud. „La production de l’intelligence artificielle comme objet du droit d’auteur“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2023. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2023_in_billion_a.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAI systems can produce outputs that may purportedly be subject to copyright. To investigate this possibility, one should avoid the use of a rough model of copyright law, and an approximative description of the facts. Artificial production should be envisaged realistically, being serial and non-convergent. Most of the time, there is not one sole artificial output obtained by the so-called “AI user”. On the contrary, there are mostly supernumerary outputs due to the use of an indirect and highly iterative kind of software engineering. Then we understand the reason why this cannot be subject to copyright protection. Free choices are only creative towards works of authorship, not their indirect computed implications. This is also a confirmation of the consistency of copyright law: it protects what the author has conceived and realized, what is not excessively impeded by technical constraints, what is objectively and precisely identifiable… As a consequence, authorial determination, creative convergence and social intelligibility appear as unavoidable preconditions of copyright law
Bensana, Éric. „Utilisation de techniques d'intelligence artificielle pour l'ordonnnancement d'atelier“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ESAE0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRacoceanu, Daniel. „Contribution à la Surveillance des Systèmes de Production en Utilisant l'Intelligence Artificielle“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNos contributions se sont orientées précisément vers la mise au point de systèmes de surveillance dynamiques intelligents, en abordant des problématiques liées à la détection dynamique et au diagnostic curatif et préventif. Les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle ont ainsi constituées la colonne vertébrale de nos études, avec des travaux allant de la conception théorique et le test de nouveaux outils de surveillance dynamique, jusqu'à la validation, le prototypage et l'exploitation industrielle des concepts développés.
Dans le domaine de la surveillance dynamique, une de nos contributions majeures correspond à l'introduction d'un réseau de neurones dynamique innovant, le Réseau Récurrent à base de Fonctions radiales (RRFR). En faisant appel aux propriétés dynamiques des architectures localement récurrentes, le RRFR se caractérise par une approche de reconnaissance locale – essentielle en surveillance industrielle –, tout en permettant – de part ses caractéristiques dynamiques intrinsèques – une détection précoce des paliers de dégradation et une robustesse vis-à-vis des fausses alarmes. L'existence d'une mémoire statique et d'une mémoire dynamique facilement paramétrables au sein de la même structure, confère au réseau une souplesse d'utilisation très intéressante, ainsi qu'un accès à des techniques d'apprentissage allégées. Par ailleurs, dans le but d'augmenter la rapidité et l'efficacité de l'apprentissage, une version améliorée de l'algorithme des k-moyennes, permet d'améliorer la robustesse des algorithmes et de se situer dans la zone optimale de « bonne généralisation ».
La prise en compte de l'incertain fait l'objet d'une deuxième partie de nos travaux, située dans la continuité de la première. Dans ce sens, l'utilisation de la logique floue en surveillance dynamique se montre très intéressante de part la proximité par rapport au raisonnement et à l'expérience des opérateurs et ingénieurs, ainsi que de part la possibilité d'assurer une traçabilité essentielle pour le retour d'expérience en maintenance. Un outil de type réseau de Petri flou dédié à la surveillance (RdPFS) des systèmes de production a ainsi constitué l'objet de cette étude. Cet outil, basé essentiellement sur la modélisation floue de la variable "instant d'apparition" de l'événement discret, est muni d'un mécanisme d'interfaçage intégré, inspiré des réseaux de Petri à synchronisations internes, permettant la communication entre les outils de modélisation, de surveillance et de reprise. Dans un tel système, l'utilisation de la logique floue offre une souplesse d'utilisation et une dimension prédictive très intéressante. Basé sur un modèle RdPFS construit à partir des règles logiques induites par l'arbre de défaillance du système surveillé, nous avons montré sa capacité d'analyse dynamique des défauts, en utilisant une approche temporelle floue.
Dans nos travaux les plus récents, les avantages des outils neuronaux dynamiques et de la logique floue ont été mis à l'œuvre conjointement dans le cadre de systèmes hybrides neuro-flous d'aide à la surveillance. L'outil hybride ainsi proposé comporte deux parties, une première pour la détection dynamique – utilisant le RRFR amélioré essentiellement au niveau des algorithmes d'apprentissage dynamiques – et une deuxième pour le diagnostic curatif et prédictif, utilisant un réseau neuro-flou construit à partir de l'arbre de défaillance et de l'AMDEC du système / sous-système surveillé. Il est à noter que ce type de système de surveillance dynamique utilise l'approche abductive de recherche de cause – élément indispensable pour un diagnostic efficace. Par ailleurs, l'apprentissage dynamique permet de commencer l'activité de surveillance dynamique même en l'absence de données très consistantes, en enrichissant et affinant les symptômes et les causes associées (respectivement les degrés de crédibilité de celles-ci) au fur et à mesure du fonctionnement du système, grâce aux algorithmes neuronaux incorporés.
Parmi les verrous technologiques abordés lors de nos contributions, une place importante est accordée à la surveillance dynamique par apprentissage en ligne, en traitant des problèmes liés à la rapidité et la flexibilité de l'apprentissage, au temps de réponse, au traitement de grands flux de données, ainsi qu'aux méthodes de validation utilisant le test sur des benchmarks et le prototypage industriel.
Dans ce sens, l'exploitation industrielle du réseau récurrent à fonctions de base radiales a représenté une étape importante de nos travaux. Elle nous a permis la mise en œuvre d'une application de surveillance dynamique en temps réel d'un système, en utilisant l'apprentissage dynamique distant via le web. Mettant en évidence l'intérêt des techniques développées dans la réorganisation de l'activité de surveillance grâce aux nouvelles technologies, cette exploitation industrielle a donné lieu à un brevet d'invention, déposé en collaboration avec une SSII bisontine.
La conception de l'outil de surveillance neuro-flou a été menée en utilisant des spécifications UML. Cette approche a été initiée (étude, normalisation, spécification) dans le cadre du projet Européen PROTEUS/ITEA et finalisée (prototypage) dans le cadre d'un projet financé par l'ANVAR. Essentiels pour l'industrialisation des systèmes proposés, l'information de départ est considérée sous un format industriel classique (ADD, AMDEC, ...) et la mise à jour est assurée par une réelle ouverture du système traduite par des liens permanents avec les systèmes d'acquisition (capteurs, SCADA, ...) et les systèmes de gestion (GMAO, ...).
Dans le domaine de la e-maintenance, un défi considérable est constitué par le besoin de normalisation des plates-formes de e-maintenance, dans l'objectif d'arriver à terme à une génération automatique de ces plateformes, et à un standard qui pourra constituer un guide pour tous les constructeurs d'équipement soucieux d'intégrer leur produit dans une plate-forme de ce type. Du point de vue scientifique, il s'agit d'arriver à une génération automatique ou interactive d'une telle plate-forme, en fonction des services participants et du contexte d'utilisation. L'objectif est très ambitieux, car générateur de nouveaux services et de nouvelles opportunités commerciales. Il constitue l'objectif principal du projet européen SHIVA, dans lequel se retrouvent les partenaires les plus actifs de PROTEUS, avec – mise a part des partenaires déjà existants comme Cegelec et Schneider – des partenaires industriels nouveaux, tout aussi prestigieux, comme la Division des Constructions Navales et Airbus.
Concernant les perspectives de nos travaux, s'inscrivant dans le cadre des mêmes tendances de décentralisation et de migration de l'intelligence vers les niveaux opérationnels, une direction d'étude intéressante est constituée par le domaine des réseaux de capteurs intelligents. Cette perspective pourra ainsi intégrer des tendances technologiques liées aux connecteurs intelligents (« smart connectors ») basés sur le multiplexage et sur les courants porteurs, afin de réduire le volume de câblage, des points de connexion et afin de mieux prendre en considération les contraintes de sûreté de fonctionnement de ce type de réseaux, contraintes qui – dans un avenir très proche – seront vraisemblablement déterminantes.
Par ailleurs, dans un contexte régional, lié à la création du pôle de compétitivité « microtechniques », la problématique de la fabrication des microsystèmes est une problématique présentant un intérêt croissant. En effet, de nombreux prototypes de microsystèmes sont proposés en phase de prototype, avec une création liée à une manière plutôt artisanale, tout à fait compréhensible – vu les technologies innovantes utilisées -, mais qui ne se prête pas à une commercialisation de ces produits. De ce fait, l'étude des microsystèmes de production semble être un domaine porteur et permettant de garder des emplois européens – souvent menacés par la délocalisation.
Enfin, le diagnostic à partir de l'imagerie médicale en utilisant les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle me semble un domaine où mes compétences en recherche (surveillance par IA) et en enseignement (traitement de l'image) peuvent se donner la main pour aborder une thématique nouvelle, présentant un grand intérêt dans le domaine des biotechnologies, dans lequel la France est bien engagée depuis un certain nombre d'années. Cette perspective correspond au projet de recherche propose dans le cadre de ma délégation CNRS au laboratoire IPAL – Image Perception, Access and Learning (actuellement FRE, UMI-CNRS a partir de 2006) de Singapour.
Bacchi, Marine. „Hydrogénases artificielles : nouveaux catalyseurs biosynthétiques pour la production d'hydrogène“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuzrout, Yacine. „Modélisation et simulation d'organisations productives réactives : une approche multi-agents“. Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/89/11/PDF/1996_Ouzrout_Yacine.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to propose a methodology for the conception of a model for the simulation of production systems. The model will take into account the representation of the distributed and cognitive behaviors of decisional actors, and will permit the study of organizational changes. The abandon of traditional structures, and the emergence of a new demand for more varied products, has brought uncertainty inside manufacturing systems. Market instability and rapid development of new technologies can both be considered as uncertainty factors that increase complexity inside manufacturing systems. Those systems are increasingly flexible (capacity of making varied products) and integrated. Whereas taylorists firms were faced with a relatively predictable reality, present day firms are faced to a widely unpredictable one, the flexibility which allows the firm to fit with a very unstable industrial environment cannot be simulated with a simple cybernetic structure, it is necessary to build a structure which takes the actors’ autonomy into account. Taking these points into consideration a modelling process was proposed beginning with the construction of a conceptual model for the representation of manufacturing systems. This model is a multilevel decision-making model based on an approach inspired by systemic and meta-systemic concepts. In order to describe the knowledge which influences behaviors and decision making, multi-agents systems were studied as means for describing the behaviors and the interactions of autonomous actors. The model obtained was then used for simulation using discrete event simulation concepts and object oriented implementation, and it was tested on two examples: the first one being conceptual and pedagogical, and the second one concerning an industrial situation
Ayel, Jacqueline. „CIMES, un système d’intelligence artificielle distribuée pour la supervision en continu des activités de gestion de production“. Chambéry, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CHAMS012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChebeane, Hatem. „Modélisation orientée objets réactifs du pilotage d'un système de production : Texte imprimé“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenchouk, Ouahiba. „Un composant linguistique de production de phrases basé sur le formalisme des graphes conceptuels“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAkaichi, Jalel. „Systèmes automatisés de production à intelligence distribuée des stratégies de répartition basées sur une approche de classification“. Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10217.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMemmi, Daniel. „Simulation du raisonnement par systèmes de production“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProduction systems constitute a fundamental technique for the simulation of cognitive processes in Artificial Intelligence. In this thesis rule-based systems are applied to various problems of reasoning and perception. A forward-chaining production system with variables is first presented: the FLEX system. The control structure exhibits a compromise between run-time efficiency and flexibility of use, thanks to a change propagation filter and a variable conflict resolution strategy. Applying FLEX to the simulation of a simple game shows the importance of perception in problem solving. Global recognition of a situation turns out to be an essential component of reasoning. An expert system in speech spectrogram reading is then presented: the SONEX system. This work emphasizes the crucial import of context in human perception and automatic pattern recognition. At last general conclusions are tentatively drawn about cognition and Artificial Intelligence. The implicit principles of this domain are questioned and new research directions are outlined in order to account for the global perceptive features of human cognition
David, Ingrid. „Analyse génétique et modélisation de la production de semence et de la réussite de l'insémination artificielle en ovin“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003672.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaffet, Alexandre. „Machine learning approaches for automotive production process diagnosis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTechnological advances have enabled the adoption of new methods for collecting and storing large amounts of data in many companies through cloud computing. This large volume of data is referred to as Big Data. Some view the collection of this data as a new form of "black gold". The rise of Big Data is also linked to the fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0, which involves the digitalization of companies and the use of data to reorganize production processes.Data collected in industry can contain various types of information, such as information about manufacturing materials, state of manufacturing processes, maintenance information, or test results for inspection equipment. One way to derive value from this data is to use artificial intelligence, machine learning, or data mining methods to determine the health state of the systems it is linked to. This thesis focuses on Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM), which is based on the health state of equipment. The online diagnosis task, which involves detecting faults and identifying their causes, is integrated into this process and can significantly improve the efficiency of the production line by increasing product quality and reducing downtime of production equipment.Diagnosis methods can be particularly valuable in the automotive industry, due to the increasing complexity of vehicles and the corresponding complexity of the production lines required to manufacture them. This thesis was conducted in collaboration between Vitesco Technologies, a global supplier of vehicle powertrains, and the LAAS (Laboratory of Analysis and Architecture of Systems), a laboratory of the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research).This thesis first presents a data-based health management method in a univariate framework, tailored to the industrial constraints of the specific test equipment used in the SMT (Surface Mount Technology) production line. It addresses the constraints of the case study, which includes a very large number of unlabeled data, from which it is difficult to extract coherent time series. The method is based on clustering using Gaussian mixtures (GMM) and the capability as a health indicator. The results show that the method is effective at detecting critical cases and improving maintenance decisions for faults related to equipment and product batches.To further improve the performance of the method and confirm its applicability in an online real-world scenario, an additional anomaly detection step using Extreme Value Theory (EVT) is applied upstream of the method, and an isolation step is carried out at the end of the process.A decomposition method based on spectral clustering is then proposed for managing data in a multivariate framework. The approach involves grouping similar data into blocks and applying a fault detection method to each block. This method is applied to a chemical production control process from Tennessee Eastman and a SMT line test process. The results show that combining the use of blocks with the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) anomaly detection method leads to improved fault detection performance.This thesis also suggests using information from other equipment to improve the quality defect detection and test process automation with supervised learning methods
Dubois, Hubert Kirchner Hélène. „Système de règles de production et calcul de réécriture“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2001_0123_DUBOIS.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Hubert. „Système de règles de production et calcul de réécriture“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0123_DUBOIS.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we design production rule systems in the ELAN system which is based on the rewriting logic and where strategies control the application of the rules. The rewriting calculus gives an operational semantics of ELAN. Thus, we developed an extension of ELAN that respects its semantics. Firstly, in this extension, we give the possibility to define classes and objects in ELAN. This language is implemented in ELAN as a prototype object-language. Then, we define a new formalism of rules working together with an object and a constraint store such that objects and constraints share variables. The application of the set of rules is controlled by strategies. This new programming paradigm with rules, objects, constraints and strategies is here used to model problems such that planification or scheduling
Tchikou, Mahmoud. „Un environnement de conception multi-agents pour le pilotage des systèmes de production“. Informatique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFace to strong competitive markets, current companies tend to new methods of production, from a logic of "planning" type of production to a logic of "Just in time " type. In this context, the system which allows to control the production has to be a modular, flexible and reactive system. The hierarchized classical approaches don't permit any more to take into account the complexity linked to such system. That's why, we propose an approach which has a reactive, distributive, and emergent properties to control the system of production, based on multi-agent system principles. The aim of this thesis is to propose an approach and model in order to facilitate the design of modern production activity control. We have proposed a model based on organisational concepts such as the groups and roles, concepts of interaction of the FIPA (intelligent Foundation for physical agents) such as the protocols
Siebert, Nils. „Développement de méthodes pour la prédiction de la production éolienne régionale“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287551.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe but de la thèse est de développer un cadre d'analyse et des outils permettant de faciliter la mise en place de modèles de prévision de la production éolienne régionale.
La thèse présente tout d'abord un cadre d'analyse permettant de caractériser la production éolienne régionale. Par ce biais, les propriétés saillantes de la production régionale, qui doivent être prises en compte lors de la conception d'un modèle de prévision régionale, sont identifiées.
Le problème de la prévision régionale est ensuite abordé comme un problème d'apprentissage statistique. Nous définissons trois approches de modélisation générique permettant la combinaison de sous-modèles. L'influence de ces approches sur la précision des prévisions est étudiée ainsi que celle du choix des sous-modèles. Pour permettre la comparaison de sous-modèles, nous introduisons un modèle de prévision éolienne dont la performance est comparable aux modèles de l'état de l'art.
Finalement, nous examinons l'impact sur la précision de prévision qu'a le choix des variables explicatives et nous proposons des règles générales de sélection dans le cadre de la prévision éolienne régionale. Pour faciliter le processus de modélisation, des méthodes de sélection automatique sont étudiées. Deux méthodes (une méthode filtre et une méthode wrapper) qui exploitent les caractéristiques propres au problème sont proposées. Nous montrons que ces méthodes sont plus performantes qu'une méthode générique de l'état de l'art.
Hamichi, Samir. „Modélisation de réseaux de production avec les systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066630.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeaudoin-Cloutier, Chanel. „Développement préclinique d'une méthode plus rapide de production par génie tissulaire d'un substitut cutané bilamellaire autologue“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27553.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: The Laboratoire d’Organogenèse Expérimentale (LOEX) has developed a unique production technique of self-assembled autologous skin substitute (SASS). This method allows the generation of permanent skin equivalents that display a structure and a function similar to normal human skin. Problematic and objectives: This thesis presents the first results of SASS clinical use in the treatment of chronic complex wounds to demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety. The need to develop a faster production method in order to improve burn patient prognosis is also outlined. Indeed, the delay before definitive skin coverage to insure proper thermoregulation and protection from the external environment is directly associated to the vital and morbid prognosis of this population of severely traumatised patients. The current eight weeks SASS production delay must be reduced in order to further improve burn patients quality of care and survival. Method: This work describes the development and refinement of a faster production method for SASS using decellularized dermal matrices (SASS-DM) that generated skin substitutes produced in only 4 weeks and a half. These faster produced skin substitutes where compared in vitro to the standard SASS in regard to the histological characteristics, cellular differentiation and the presence of a functional basement membrane. The faster produced SASS-DM were then compared in vivo to standard SASS by following the evolution of grafted mice in order to complete a preclinical trial of this innovative technique. Results: The faster production method for the autologous self-assembled bilayered skin substitutes was shown to be equivalent to the standard production method in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This work presents the clinical use of bilayered skin substitutes for the treatment of chronic venous ulcers, which was shown to be efficient as well as safe. Afterwards, the preclinical development of a new faster production method of autologous bilayered self-assembled skin substitutes is presented, allowing the culture of skin grafts in four weeks and a half instead of the previous 8 weeks long protocol, with equivalent quality and characteristics as the standard cultured skins. This innovation represents a major adjunct to severely burned patients treatments and could possibly change their surgical planning and their survival.
Mendes, Marinho Stéphanie. „Combustible solaire : caractérisation du mécanisme de transfert de charge dans des molécules photocatalytiques, vers la production de l'énergie par photosynthèse artificielle“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS299/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeveloppment of environment-friendly sources of energy is one of the stakes major for our societies. To hope for the sustainability of Humans on Earth, it is essential to change our consumer habits on energetics by breaking our dependance on fossil fuels, which use leads to ecological desasters and which stocks are running out. The key of this important challenge is the growth of renewable energy sources, and this is called energy transition. The ideal energy would not produce any polluting waste, would be efficient and widely available. Solar energy is an excellent candidate because it is by far the most abundant and promising source of clean energy. Thus, important efforts are made to developp the solar technologies, including artificial photosynthesis.Artificial photosynthesis was created a century ago and is the focus of many interests and researchs. This technology aims at mimicking the natural photosynthesis realized by plants ; and that in order to store the energy coming from the Sun irriadiation in compounds that can be used at demand. Artificial photosynthesis consists in the elaboration of synthetic systems able under light impulsion to realize the water splitting/decomposition reactions in a catalytique way, generating hydrogène or CO2 reduction products, which are called solar fuels thanks to their high energetic potentials. Indeed, photosynthesis begins with the photo-catalysis of water oxidation, which extirpates the electrons and protons of water molecules. And it is these electrons and protons which will be used to produce the solar fuels.Recently, a real commitment to understand deaply the mechanisms that take place during these catalysed reactions seems to appear. These transformations involve multiple photo-induced electron transfers and it returns their study relatively complicated. Thanks to technological breakthroughs, we studied in a thorough way several photocatalytic systems to draw knowledges ; allowing the rationalisation of the design and then the efficiency improvement of future developped systems. These technical advances were possible thanks to interdisciplinary collaborations between chemists and physicists and led to the developpment of a set-up of « double-pump » transient absorption, that enables to characterize the transient species formed and to track down the pathways during two successive photoinduced electron transfers.In the second part of this work, new catalysts were developped for the photocatalysis of water oxidation reaction. The big majority of the studies led so far on this subject concerned molecular systems, but the lack of robustness and reusability of homogeneous catalysts pushed the research towards materials area. Since about forty years, heterogeneous systems were developped for photocatalysis of several reactions. We explored two types of materials, nanoparticules as catalyst in photocatalytic systems ; and polymers that are able on their own to realize all the functions required for the photocatalysis of a reaction such as water oxidation under visible light irradiation.Thus, during this PhD we tried by two approaches to increase the knowledges and the development of artificial photosynthesis. A solution that is still under-developped to fix the energetic issue our society is facing to, is the use of solar fuels ; and it’s imperative for the research to move forward and that energy transition prevails more effectively and widely
Supplis, Caroline. „Modélisation et étude expérimentale de la production d'hydrogène solaire en photoréacteur“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs part of the energy transition, converting solar energy into fuels suitable for mobility appears to be a promising solution. One of the first accessible is undoubtedly hydrogen, which can be obtained by photodissociation of the water molecule under the effect of radiation absorbed by a photocatalytic system. This mechanism is known as artificial photosynthesis. The challenge is serious because it is necessary to find effective and inexpensive chemical systems but also to design, develop and optimize the photoreactive processes implementing these reactions, in the long term on a large scale. This last objective can only be achieved in a reasonable time if we have predictive and generic models that integrate the physical phenomena describing the underlying scales having an impact on the observables of the process. This work is concerned with the modeling of a photoreactor limited and controlled by photon transport implementing photocatalytic systems for the production of solar hydrogen as well as its experimental validation. The model begins with the determination of the optical and radiative properties of the studied photocatalytic system which falls under electromagnetism. Then, solving the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE), with elastic or inelastic scattering depending on the practical case, provides access to the local volumetric rate of photons absorbed within the photoreactor. Finally, the formulation of a thermokinetic coupling law and an average on the scale of the reactor make it possible to determine the observables which are the average volumetric rate of hydrogen production and energy efficiency. An optical bench equipped with an integrating sphere allows experimental validation of the radiative properties. A study bench composed mainly of LED light sources and a gas tight planar photoreactor filled with a photoreactive medium provides access to experimental observables via a measurement of the pressure in the gas headspace of the reactor for several flux incident photon flux density values and photocatalyst concentrations. The model is then used to identify from the experiments a single lumped parameter for the kinetic constants of the reaction. Two photocatalytic systems representative of the diversity of systems studied in the literature have been implemented: 1) a molecular system with a bio-inspired catalyst for protons reduction in homogeneous phase and 2) a system based on micrometric particles of CdS (semiconductors) with or without MoS2 cocatalyst in heterogeneous phase. The model ultimately makes it possible to study and optimize various engineering parameters determining the kinetic and energy performances of the photoreactive process, depending on its geometry and the solar operating conditions. The possibility of achieving very significant energy efficiency gains by developing photoreactors with internal radiation dilution is highlighted
Queyriaux, Nicolas. „Vers la construction d'une photocathode de production d'hydrogène par une approche moléculaire“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere is an urgent need to provide solutions for the energetic challenge our planet has to face. The production of “environmentally friendly” fuels such as dihydrogen H2 through sunlight-driven water splitting holds great promise. Hydrogen is indeed a carbon-free energy carrier that can be stored and used on request to produce electricity thanks to the mature fuel cell technology. Moreover, water and solar energy form the ideal couple for H2 production because they are both readily available and their use is considered to be safe for the environment. The design and study of molecular photocatalytic systems for H2 evolution from water has therefore been the subject of intensive research interest in the last decade and their implementation into functional dye-sensitized photoelectrocatalytic cells recently appeared in the literature. It is nevertheless necessary to optimize the efficiency of these molecular systems in order to reach the targeted solar-to-hydrogen conversion yield. In that context, this PhD thesis aimed at getting a better understanding of parameters relevant for the optimization of molecular H2-evolving photocathodes: first, different coupling strategies have been studied to covalently assemble a light-harvesting unit with a redox-active moiety; second, a synthetic methodology allowing introduction of robust anchoring groups in the coordination sphere of ruthenium photosensitizers has been widely studied and the first photoelectrodes characterized; finally, a new series of proton reduction catalysts featuring a polypyridinic ligand has been investigated, allowing important kinetic and mechanistic insights to be obtained
Caron, Jean. „Les systèmes de vision linéaire pour le contrôle qualité dans les procédés de production continue“. Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a support document, aimed at industrialists or scientists familiarized to some extend with line-scan vision systems for web inspection. First, we will describe a comprehensive framework through milestones regarding hardware and software elements needed to define an industrial line scan web inspection system, based on a desktop computer. Lighting and optics, line-scan camera and frame grabber specifications, data processing performance as well as line-scan algorithms are detailed in this section. Then, we will visit three industrial applications that achieve the implementation of the previously described framework. These three applications demonstrate controls performed by most industrial systems : hue control of a pre-weathered zinc roll ; default detection on a reflective plastic film ; compliance analysis of a perforated plastic film roll. For each application, we will detail technological choices, describe implemented algorithms that perform the detection, and explain the results obtained
Cubadda, Christophe, und Marie-Dominique Mousseigne. „Variantes de l'algorithmes de sl-résolution avec retenue d'informations : démonstration de l'équivalence entre sl-résolution et production et démonstration de la validité de la variante des impasses et de la variante de remontée d'impasses“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiannoudis, Emmanouil. „Construction de photocathodes de production d'hydrogène optimisées par une approche moléculaire“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV005.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProduction of solar fuels in a dye-sensitized hydrogen-evolving photoelectrochemical cell, where splitting of water into H2 and O2 occurs is an attractive method in order to fulfill future energy demands and face the environmental problems arising by the combustion of fossil fuels. The group constructed a functional NiO DS-photocathode for H2 evolution, a counterpart of the tandem device, based on the first noble metal-free covalent dye-catalyst assembly. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of two novel dye-catalyst assemblies, both relying on the same ruthenium photosensitizer. The first dyad is based on the cobalt diimine-dioxime complex previously employed by the group and the second one on a cobalt tetraazomacrocyclic complex. Photoelectrochemical experiments under identical conditions enabled us to correlate the performance with the choice of the photosensitizer and the catalyst. Ruthenium outperformed in activity photocathodes based on organic dyes. Transient absorption spectroelectrochemistry revealed that one limiting factor for the activity of our systems is the thermal electron transfer from the reduced dye to the catalytic unit. In addition, post-operando analysis showed that desorption of the molecular architecture from the surface and decomposition of the cobalt diimine-dioxime also limits the efficiency. The second dye-catalyst assembly exhibits the higher TON ever reported for dye-sensitized hydrogen-evolving photocathodes, implying that more stable and robust catalysts are of significant importance. Finally, the second dyad was functional for PEC CO2 reduction to CO under aqueous media with promising preliminary results
Chiloup-Bekaert, Marie-Hélène. „Utilisation de la notion d'objets avec contraintes pour la modélisation et la simulation des systèmes de production“. Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelaye, Adrien. „Méta-modèles de positionnement spatial pour la reconnaissance de tracé manuscrits“. Rennes, INSA, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651446.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpatial meta-models are introduced for a generic description of spatial relations between handwritten objetcs. The models are trainable from data and offer an increased precision thanks to the consideration of objetcs shapes. The fuzzy definition allows to deal with imprecision and provides an intuitive modeling. Meta-models have a predictive ability which enables the description of the modeled relation in the image space, relatively to a reference object. It allows the model visualization and provide a tool for context-driven object segmentation. We proporse a resentation of structured handwritten symbols based only on the description of their spatial information with meta-models. Segmentation of objetcs into primitives is driven by the models prediction ability. Results confirme the importance of spatial information and validate the quality of the proposed models
Gouyon, David Morel Gérard. „Contrôle par le produit des systèmes d'exécution de la production : apport des techniques de synthèse“. (S.l.) : (s.n.), 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2004_0194_GOUYON.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePannequin, Rémi Morel Gérard Thomas André. „Proposition d'un environnement de modélisation et de test d'architectures de pilotage par le produit de systèmes de production“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0122_PANNEQUIN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePouget, Jean-Pierre. „Structuration d'un poste de travail de l'automaticien : Application à l'intégration du savoir-faire des experts“. Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLenoble, Véronique. „Elimination de l'Arsenic pour la production d'eau potable :oxydation chimique et adsorption sur des substrats solides innovants“. Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105947.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle(agriculture, extraction et exploitation de minerais principalement) ont conduit à son accumulation dans l'environnement.
L'abaissement à 10 µg/L de la limite de qualité pour l'arsenic dans l'eau de consommation pose la question de l'efficacité des
traitements existants. De nouvelles techniques plus performantes d'élimination de l'arsenic sont donc de plus en plus
nécessaires. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer de nouvelles méthodes d'analyses de l'arsenic, fiables et utilisables sur le
terrain, ainsi que des méthodes simples d'élimination de l'arsenic, de mise en œuvre facile et applicables à de petites unités de
traitement comme celles rencontrées en zones à habitat dispersé (débit < 10 m3/h).
L'adsorption de As(III) et As(V), méthode répondant aux critères précédemment définis, a été étudiée. Tout d'abord des
supports classiques ont été considérés : des (oxy)hydroxydes de fer; puis des supports innovants : des argiles pontées dérivées
d'une montmorillonite. Celle-ci a été modifiée par différents polycations (fer, titane et aluminium) de façon à créer des sites
favorables à l'adsorption. L'adsorption a été réalisée selon différentes conditions, et dans des milieux plus ou moins complexes.
Il s'avère que les (oxy)hydroxydes de fer fixent plus d'arsenic que les argiles pontées, tant sous la forme As(III) que As(V).
Néanmoins, l'étude de la désorption a montré que l'argile pontée au fer était le seul support régénérable quasiment à 100%.
Connaissant les différences de comportement selon la nature des espèces de l'arsenic inorganique As(III) et As(V), l'oxydation
de As(III) par différents oxydants usuels a été l'objet d'une partie de l'étude. Les oxydants testés sont H2O2, NaOCl, FeCl3,
KMnO4 et MnO2(s), couramment employés dans les traitements. De façon à quantifier la capacité oxydante de ces réactifs, une
méthode colorimétrique a été développée. Celle-ci, facilement transposable sur le terrain, peut être appliquée aux eaux peu
chargées en phosphate avec une limite de quantification de 20 µg As/L. Il s'avère que les oxydants les plus facilement
utilisables dans une unité de potabilisation sont KMnO4 et FeCl3. A la suite de cette étude, un support à base d'une résine de
polystyrène recouverte d'oxyde de manganèse a été synthétisé. Ce solide combine des propriétés d'oxydation et d'adsorption
simultanées. Les capacités d'adsorption de ce solide vis-à-vis de As(V) et de As(III) sont remarquables et supérieures à une
majorité des adsorbants étudiés récemment.
La dernière partie a consisté en l'étude de la faisabilité des procédés mis au point sur un milieu plus proche des conditions
naturelles. Pour cela, une eau artificielle représentative des eaux de type granitique, habituellement concernées par la pollution
arséniée, a été préparée à partir de la compilation des compositions d'eaux souterraines destinées à la production d'eau potable.
Ainsi, les concentrations en ions majeurs communes à ces eaux ont pu être déterminées. Cette eau artificielle a ensuite été
utilisée après dopage en As(III) et As(V) dans diverses expériences d'oxydation et d'adsorption de façon à appréhender les
mécanismes mis en jeu dans le milieu naturel. Il apparaît que les ions majeurs ont peu d'influence sur ces procédés, démontrant
leur applicabilité au sein d'une filière de traitement.
Ahmed-Ouamer, Rachid. „Intégration des techniques d'intelligence artificielle de génie logiciel et de communication homme-machine dans un Atelier de GEnie DIdacticiel pour la production de logiciels éducatis : agedi“. Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe producation of conrseware requi res a powerflù tool for use in an instructional environment enabling the use of sophisticated instructi anal design strategies by authors. The way of proceeding in the context of building courseware, in particular within the framework of the technological process control training leads us to propose a methodology for courseware develo ment which combines : strucutural analysis, design and assessment techni ues with a protatypying technique in a hypercourseware fashion. This educational environment, based on a methodology of elaboration, provides a set of tools coordinated and organized in a computer-assista:i software engineering applied to courseware specifications (called AGEDI). This approaclLaccomodates the development demonstration and refinement of a working madel to complete set of courseware functional requirements
Audebert, Christophe. „Dans un contexte d'une santé globale : apport des technologies moléculaires dans un modèle de production/sélection de semence animale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Global Health concept emerged in the early 2000s, on the premise that there is an interrelationship between human actions and the emergence of diseases with pandemic potential. This integrative approach is based on a holistic process linking livestock farming practices, their ecosystems and humans in close or less close contact with these animals.The work presented here relies on the mobilization and development of molecular and analytical tools aimed at securing and optimizing an early phase of our food system: animal selection and reproduction. The production of animal semen, particularly boar semen, is characterized by its widespread fresh production and distribution. As a result, it is usually conditioned, upon dilution, through the use of antibiotics. Antibiotic formulations used in this context are developed empirically. As a result, it provides an original model for studying the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Based on this production, which underpins the agri-food industry, the work presented will aim to demonstrate how genomic tools can contribute to a better understanding of the emergence of resistant bacteria, and how they can be applied to provide solutions to reduce the risk of such an emergence. An extension to other contexts will reveal the potential of these approaches to improve the effectiveness of human and animal infection management. The proposed work and itinerary relate, on the one hand, innovative applications built on genomic technologies and, on the other hand, attempt to establish bridges and opportunities for transferring methodologies between livestock and human health applications
Tran, Thu-Trang. „Electron and multielectron reaction characterizations in molecular photosystems by laser flash photolysis, towards energy production by artificial photosynthesis“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe energy demand of humanity is increasing rapidly, and shows no signs of slowing. Alongside this issue, abuse using fossil fuels is one of the main reasons which leads to an increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration. These problems have to be solved in terms of both limiting CO₂ emission and finding renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Nowadays, solar energy appears as one of the most effective renewable energy sources. Conversion of solar light energy to electricity in photovoltaics or to chemical energy through photocatalytic processes invariably involves photoinduced energy transfer and electron transfer. In this context, the aim of the thesis focuses on studying photoinduced processes in molecular photosystems using laser flash photolysis. The first theme of this thesis focus on studying single electron transfer in Donor-Acceptor Dyad systems towards optimization efficiency of charge separation and application in the photovoltaic organic solar cell. In the second theme of this thesis, two model systems of artificial photosynthesis were investigated to assess the possibility of stepwise charge accumulation on model molecules. A fairly good global yield of approximately 9% for the two charge accumulation on MV²⁺ molecule was achieved. Then, different photocatalytic systems, which have developed for CO₂ reduction, were studied. Understanding of the photoinduced processes is an important step toward improving the efficiency of reduction of CO₂ in practical photocatalytic systems
Ziébelin, Danielle. „Raisonnement sur les contraintes : application en ordonnancement“. Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGreboval, Marie-Hélène. „La production d'explications, vue comme une tâche de conception : contribution au projet AIDE“. Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaad, Adib. „Production spermatogénétique, évolution de la qualité et de l'aptitude à la conservation des spermatozoi͏̈des au cours de l'année chez la carpe, Cyprinus carpio L : application à l'insémination artificielle“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066659.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaad, Adib. „Production spermatogénétique, évolution de la qualité et de l'aptitude à la conservation des spermatozoïdes au cours de l'année chez la carpe Cyprinus carpio M. application à l'insémination artificielle /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618364k.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProvost, David. „Synthèse d’architectures moléculaires pour la photoaccumulation de charges et la production photoinduite de dihydrogène : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de stabilisation des systèmes moléculaires à la surface d’un semi-conducteur pour l’amélioration des performances des cellules photovoltaïques“. Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis concerns the development of new photomolecular systems to convert solar energy into chemical and electrical energy. The first two chapters involve the synthesis of new molecular materials to mimic the charge photoaccumulation function of oxygenic photosynthesis. Our strategy consists in the synthesis of a star-shaped molecular architecture, composed of several molecular antenna (photosensitizers) covalently bound to an organic electron acceptor, which is able to host two negative charges upon illumination. To this acceptor has been substituted a proton reduction catalyst in order to generate a hydrogen production under a light irradiation, as the oxygen-evolving complex in the natural photosynthetic. The last two chapters describe the development of a stabilization approach of molecular systems at a semiconductor surface, in the context of the conception of dye-sensitized solar cells. In order to improve their performances, this work has consisted in the synthesis of functionalized dyes which were subjected to a reticulation process after chemisorption onto a semiconductor, providing new perspectives in terms of interface stability and solar cells lifetime
Meller, Alain. „Apsis : un système pour l'expression de connaissances décisionnelles en robotique“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112153.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGançarski, Pierre. „Le controle de l'interactivite et du temps dans la production d'animation“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13217.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaccard, Pierre. „Gestion durable de l'eau en montagne : le cas de la production de neige en stations de sports d'hiver“. Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572604.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEsteoule, Tanguy. „Prévision de production de parcs éoliens par systèmes multi-agents auto-adaptatifs“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of renewable energies, particularly wind power, is one of the solutions commonly used to limit the worsening of ongoing climate change. The variability and intermittency of these energy sources are the main constraints to be managed to ensure the integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid. This problem can be partly solved by improving production forecasts in the short and medium term. The theory of AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems) proposes to solve complex problems by self-organization for which no algorithmic solution is known. The local and cooperative behavior of the agents allows the system to adapt to a dynamic environment for maintaining the system in an adequate operating state. In this thesis, this approach is applied to the forecasting of wind farm production. More specifically, we are studying the integration of finer scale data (wind farms for a region or wind turbines for a farm) into the forecast model. We therefore propose a method that takes into account local data in the global forecast and more precisely the interdependencies between wind turbine and wind farm productions. The study led to the design of two adaptive multi-agent systems: AMAWind-Turbine forecasting the production of a wind farm using wind turbine data, and AMAWind-Farm forecasting the production of a region using wind farm data. These systems have been tested in real conditions on five wind farms currently in operation. The experiments carried out validated the proper functioning of the systems and showed a decrease in forecasting error, the main factor in the field of application
Ganascia, Jean-Gabriel. „AGAPE et CHARADE : deux techniques d'apprentissage symbolique appliquées à la construction de bases de connaissances“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAguerre, Sophie. „Résistance génétique aux nématodes gastro-intestinaux chez les ovins : évaluation des stratégies de sélection et de leur impact à l'échelle de l'élevage“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGastrointestinal nematodes are a major constraint on the health of grazing ruminants and cause significant production losses. The systematic use of anthelmintics has been questioned for several years due to the development of parasite resistance to these molecules, their impact on the environment and consumer concerns about livestock industry. A major research effort is being made to find strategies that, combined with a rational use of anthelmintics, would allow sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes. The genetic selection of more resistant animals is one of the most promising. This thesis aims to study the implementation of this selection and to evaluate the impacts it could have on the other traits under selection and on the different biological functions of the animal (growth, production, reproduction). An experimental infestation protocol has been developed to evaluate the resistance capacities of animals to the hematophagus nematode Haemonchus contortus by measuring the number of parasite eggs excreted in the faeces and the hematocrit. The genetic parameters of these parasite resistance traits show that resistance is heritable and that a very good correlation exists between experimentally infested rams and ewes infested on pasture in the Blond-faced Manech dairy breed. These results validated the effectiveness of the use of experimental infestation protocols in selection schemes to predict parasite resistance in natural conditions of infestation. The search for genome regions involved in resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes has revealed a polygenic determinism of this trait. Concomitant selection for milk production traits and low fecal egg counts is recommended in the future. It is feasible since low, although unfavourable, genetic correlations have been estimated between the number of eggs excreted in faeces and milk production traits. Finally, the long-term effects of the selection were evaluated in a study involving divergent lines selected in Romane breed for increased resistance or sensitivity to H. contortus. The effectiveness of the selection has been demonstrated in young growing females. The results showed that this selection could be associated with a higher energy cost of the immune response in resistant animals during the first weeks after infestation. But we have to evaluate this energy cost at a later time post infestation and for different physiological status of the animal. In conclusion, a selection for effective parasite resistance can be put in place but additional studies must be carried out in order to estimate its long-term impacts
Bouchez, Jean-Luc. „Capteur d'effort triaxial intelligent à transmission optique : Application à la préhension et au prépositionnement“. Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSa'ad, Aisha. „Developing integrated maintenance strategies for renewable energy sources based on analytical methods and artificial intelligence (AI) : comparisons and case study“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of renewable energy, especially solar and wind energy, over the recent years has gained global attention as an alternative method of generating energy experiencing exceptional growth in its production. In The Global Energy report, global solar energy is expected to have reached a cumulative capacity of 1TW while the wind energy is expected to have multiplied up to 3 to 4 times from mega production in the year 2020. This increase in the solar and wind power implies very significant financial investments. However, with this huge investment potential and significant increase in generation capacity, there is an additional, often overlooked responsibility: managing the power plants to ensure the lowest total life cycle cost (Life Cycle Cost). Like any standard production system, renewable energy (solar and wind energy in our case) generation components are subject to random failure, which interrupts production and supply of demand. Maintenance is identified as a major cause of accidents, lack of technical know-how of an equipment and the absence of a good maintenance routine plan. As part of the efforts to improve the efficiency and performance of renewable energy power plants, we propose models to optimize the power production and maintenance of our selected case studies (Sokoto solar plant and Katsina wind farm). In this regard, we developed new integrated maintenance policies integrated with production of the energy production from solar and wind energy systems. The preventive maintenance strategy adopted in this thesis is perfect maintenance strategy on the selected components for maintenance and an imperfect selective maintenance on the system (solar PV and wind turbine). Battery shortage in case of under-production and maintenance losses are challenges considered in this study. The methodology we developed entails solving the problem of energy production and maintenance optimization by using the theoretical method as well as machine learning method (ANN and SVM) in order to satisfy a random demand of energy during a finite horizon. We also studied the influence of environmental and operational condition of the systems and then validated the models by numerical examples and sensitivity studies proving the robustness of the developed models
Tounsi, Jihène. „Modélisation pour la simulation de la chaîne logistique globale dans un environnement de production PME mécatroniques“. Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563977.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKramdi, Seifeddine. „A modal approach to model computational trust“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30146/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of trust is a socio-cognitive concept that plays an important role in representing interactions within concurrent systems. When the complexity of a computational system and its unpredictability makes standard security solutions (commonly called hard security solutions) inapplicable, computational trust is one of the most useful concepts to design protocols of interaction. In this work, our main objective is to present a prospective survey of the field of study of computational trust. We will also present two trust models, based on logical formalisms, and show how they can be studied and used. While trying to stay general in our study, we use service-oriented architecture paradigm as a context of study when examples are needed. Our work is subdivided into three chapters. The first chapter presents a general view of the computational trust studies. Our approach is to present trust studies in three main steps. Introducing trust theories as first attempts to grasp notions linked to the concept of trust, fields of application, that explicit the uses that are traditionally associated to computational trust, and finally trust models, as an instantiation of a trust theory, w.r.t. some formal framework. Our survey ends with a set of issues that we deem important to deal with in priority in order to help the advancement of the field. The next two chapters present two models of trust. Our first model is an instantiation of Castelfranchi & Falcone's socio-cognitive trust theory. Our model is implemented using a Dynamic Epistemic Logic that we propose. The main originality of our solution is the fact that our trust definition extends the original model to complex action (programs, composed services, etc.) and the use of authored assignment as a special kind of atomic actions. The use of our model is then illustrated in a case study related to service-oriented architecture. Our second model extends our socio-cognitive definition to an abductive framework that allows us to associate trust to explanations. Our framework is an adaptation of Bochman's production relations to the epistemic case. Since Bochman approach was initially proposed to study causality, our definition of trust in this second model presents trust as a special case of causal reasoning, applied to a social context. We end our manuscript with a conclusion that presents how we would like to extend our work
Pannequin, Rémi. „Proposition d'un environnement de modélisation et de test d'architectures de pilotage par le produit de systèmes de production“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166315.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellel'interaction entre des systèmes d'information centralisés de niveau business (ERP) et des systèmes distribués de niveaux process (MES).
Notre contribution porte sur un outil de modélisation et de simulation de systèmes de pilotage contrôlés par le produit afin d'évaluer différentes topologies d'organisation combinant décisions centralisées et/ou distribuées en comparant certains critères de productivité.
Nous présentons d'abord la définition, le développement et la validation d'un environnement d'évaluation orienté composants, basé sur un outil d'émulation et un système multi-agents, permettant d'analyser les performances d'un système de pilotage par le produit et de le comparer avec des approches classiques.
Nous présentons ensuite l'application du pilotage par le produit à partir d'une série d'expériences réalisées à l'aide de l'environnement développé. Ces expériences, menées sur un cas industriel ainsi que sur une plateforme d'expérimentation de laboratoire permettent d'éprouver et de valider la faisabilité du concept de pilotage par le produit en terme d'impact décisionnel et en terme de contraintes techniques.
Chakkingal, Anoop. „Réglage de la sélectivité de la synthèse Fischer-Tropsch : aperçu de la modélisation microcinétique et de l'apprentissage automatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStriving towards a circular economy has led to the re-investigation of many existing processes, with the target of developing more sustainable variants. In our present economy, plastics form an important and omnipresent material affecting our daily lives. They are inexpensive, durable, corrosion resistant, and light weight leading to their use in a wide variety of applications.Within the plastic chemical recycling scheme, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) could play a key role as the syngas feedstock that is converted in it, can be generated via the gasification of the considered plastics. This syngas is then chemo-catalytically converted into hydrocarbons such as paraffins and light olefins. Typical FTS catalysts are based on supported cobalt or iron species.Among the mechanistic kinetic models, the comprehensive variant based on the Single Event MicroKinetics (SEMK) concept has been widely applied in the field of oligomerization, autoxidative curing, etc. and has proven to be a versatile tool to simulate Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. However, developing mechanistic models for every chemical engineering challenge is not always feasible due to their complexity and the in-depth knowledge required to build such models.A detailed evaluation on the potential of using machine learning approaches to match the performance of results obtained using the Single-Event MicroKinetic model was carried out. Initially, the focus was on a single dominant output scenario (methane selective catalyst). The current work thus shows that more widely applied techniques in data science can now be applied for systematic analysis and interpretation of kinetic data. Similar analysis using experimental data can also help experimenters in their preliminary analysis, to detect hidden trends in the data, and thus to identify importance features. After gaining confidence on the investigated interpretation techniques, for the FTS reaction with single dominant output, a similar investigation on the potential of iron based catalysts with enhanced light olefin selectivity is carried out next