Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Procesor AVR ATmega32“

According to current research review of KNX technology, a hardware platform which core processor is ATMega32 is designed to implement KNX communication kernel. The software architecture of KNX communication kernel is key research in this paper, which is divided into three parts: communication, management and application. Meanwhile, working principle and achieved function of KNX communication kernel are discussed in detail. Finally, an application example is used to test the function of kernel. Research and implementation of KNX communication kernel based on new hardware platform will significantly reduce development costs of KNX device, benefit for application for KNX, and prompt market penetration.

Abstract— Incubator Analyzer is a calibrator used to calibrate incubator temperature, mattress temperature, noise, humidity and airflow so that conditions in the baby incubator environment remain stable and within normal limits. The purpose of this study is to develop a system for sending data to android and data storage. "Incubator Analyzer Using Bluetooth Appear Android" has four parameters for measuring temperature, noise, humidity, and water flow. Using the Atmega328 microcontroller as a data processor, and the output results will be displayed on the LCD display and equipped with data transmission via bluetooth HC-05 displayed to Android with data storage. The moisture parameter detects humidity quite well where the biggest error is obtained at 1.28% DHT-22, the Ultrasound Sensor HC SR-04 can detect Air Flow with an error of 311.66% as measured by a comparison device. Incubator Design This analyzer is made portable to calibrate baby incubator tools.

ABSTRAKPolusi udara dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan paru-paru. Umumnya pengukuran fungsi paru menggunakan spirometer, dilakukan di rumah sakit dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mengetahui hasilnya. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dirancang Spirometer non-invasive yang portable dengan menggunakan sensor piezoelektrik yang diletakkan di dada. Perubahan tekanan yang diukur oleh sensor piezoelektrik adalah 10 – 80 mV, sehingga diperlukan rangkaian amplifier, filter, clamper, mikrokontroler AVR ATMega 32 sebagai pengolah data I/O dan LCD grafik untuk menampilkan hasil ukur serta SD card untuk menyimpan data. Alat ini mengukur kapasitas vital paru-paru, respirasi rate, dan jika hasil ukur kapasitas vital paru-paru kurang dari 80 % dari nilai prediksi kapasitas paru-paru maka kondisi paru-paru dideteksi tidak sehat. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukkan bahwa persentase nilai keberhasilan alat adalah 95,70 %, hasil pengukuran dan deteksi kondisi paru-paru dapat langsung diketahui dari tampilan di LCD grafik, data hasil pengukuran bisa disimpan dan alat berukuran kecil sehingga portable, mudah digunakan oleh siapapun dan dimanapun dengan nyaman.Kata kunci: Spirometer, Piezoelektrik, Mikrokontroler, Kapasitas Paru-Paru, LCD Grafik.ABSTRACTAir pollution can be affected the health of the lungs. Generally the measurement of lungs function use a spirometry, performed in the hospital and takes a long time to know the results. To overcome this problem, a portable non-invasive Spirometry is designed using a piezoelectric sensors placed on the chest. The changes of pressure is measured by the piezoelectric sensor are 10 - 80 mV, so it needs a amplifier circuit, filter, clamper, ATMega 32 AVR microcontroller as I/O data processor and LCD graph to display result of measurement and SD card for save the data. This instrument measure lungs vital capacity, respiration rate, and if the measured of lungs vital capacity is less than 80 % of the predicted of lung capacity, then the lung is detected unhealthy. The result of testing indicated that the percentage of success value of instrument is 95,70 %, the results of measurements and detection of lung conditions can be directly know from the view in LCD graphs, measurement data can be saved and size of instrument is small so portable, easy to use by anyone and anywhere with comfortably.Keywords: Spirometry, Piezoelectric, Microcontroller, Lungs Capacity, LCD Graphic.

This study aims to design an air quality measuring instrument that is more efficient, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to the existing tools in the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The main processor uses the Arduino ATmega 2560 microcontroller. This microcontroller functions as a processor for PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations which are the output of the ZH03A sensor. The design results are calibrated with a standard tool, namely BAM1020 which is owned by the BMKG air quality sector to measure air quality. The calibration results obtained that the average value issued by the reference tool which is used as a standard compared to the ZH03A sensor in the design results for PM 2.5 is 6.5 µm / m3, and for the average value of PM1.0 is 2.8 µm / m3 the calculated Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU) value is 126 µm / m3 including the medium category according to the Air Pollution Standard Index.

Abstract Modular multiplication is one of the most time-consuming operations that account for almost 80% of computational overhead in a scalar multiplication in elliptic curve cryptography. In this paper, we present a new speed record for modular multiplication over 192-bit NIST prime P-192 on 8-bit AVR ATmega microcontrollers. We propose a new integer representation named Range Shifted Representation (RSR) which enables an efficient merging of the reduction operation into the subtractive Karatsuba multiplication. This merging results in a dramatic optimization in the intermediate accumulation of modular multiplication by reducing a significant amount of unnecessary memory access as well as the number of addition operations. Our merged modular multiplication on RSR is designed to have two duplicated groups of 96-bit intermediate values during accumulation. Hence, only one accumulation of the group is required and the result can be used twice. Consequently, we significantly reduce the number of load/store instructions which are known to be one of the most time-consuming operations for modular multiplication on constrained devices. Our implementation requires only 2888 cycles for the modular multiplication of 192-bit integers and outperforms the previous best result for modular multiplication over P-192 by a factor of 17%. In addition, our modular multiplication is even faster than the Karatsuba multiplication (without reduction) which achieved a speed record for multiplication on AVR processor.

This diploma project summarizes a theoretical introduction regarding the issue of traffic light control. Further there is industrial communication discussed, where they are the Ethernet / IP protocol and the Modbus TCP protocol described more in detail. The following is the description of the Logix series programmable controllers. Then the diploma follows up with market research in order to find the most suitable development kit which is used as a trial prototype. Then it is concerned with a development kit with a communication module from AND-TECH company. Software was developed on them, more specifically a library for processor ports, memory and the Modbus TCP protocol. After verifying the functionality of the software, the hardware design was started. From the first site it is development kit and module and from the second site there are input and output circuits. There must be the assessment of the results found during the test operation. The end of the document describes incorrect steps that were repaired in hardware.

This paper presents the details of a compact embedded-computing module designed to meet a variety of pedagogical objectives within mechatronics, controls, and robotics. Built around an ATmega32U4 microcontroller, the 1.8 × 4.0 centimeter module has flash memory for program and data storage, 25 general-purpose input/output lines, four timer/counters, 12 channels of 10-bit analog-to-digital conversion, and support for a variety of serial communications protocols, including USB. The unit adapts easily to a solderless breadboard for quick prototyping, and requires only an external 5-volt power source for operation. Furthermore, it can be programmed directly over a USB connection to a computer, thereby eliminating the need for a separate programming device. As a member of the AVR family of microcontrollers, the development tools for the processor are freely available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. When assembled in sufficient quantity, the part cost for each module is approaching $10US, making it a low-cost solution for a variety of tasks. To enable students and professors to explore both the module and the host of application principles, we have chosen to post the design files and documentation on a publicly-accessible wiki, leaving room for collaborative improvements and the sharing of technology with other educational institutions.