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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Procédé hydrothermal“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Procédé hydrothermal"
Truong, To Oanh, Robert Hausler, Fréderic Monette und Patrick Niquette. „Valorisation des résidus industriels de pêches pour la transformation de chitosane par technique hydrothermo-chimique“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, Nr. 3 (07.08.2007): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016170ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Procédé hydrothermal"
Nzogo, Metoule Christ Terence. „Etude d'un procédé hydrothermal dédié aux traitements des déchets amiantés“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190711_NZOGOMETOULE_612c481lcr95idp450z_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to demonstrate feasibility of asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite) and asbestos cement tile deactivation in non-hazardous material by using supercritical hydrothermal treatment (400 ≤ T ≤ 750°C and P ≥ 21 MPa). Experiences were carried out on a high pressure (30 MPa) and temperature (800°C) Inconel batch reactor. The temperature, duration of treatment and initial concentration for asbestos conversion observed on XRD, were obtained from parametric study (T=750°C, t ≥ 1h et C ≥ 2.10-2 mg.mL-1). Tests lab have shown us conversion (XRD, TEMA) of chrysotile and asbestos cement tile in forsterite which evolve in enstatite and calcite, gehlenite and spurrite mixture respectively after 1h treatment duration. For the same duration, crocidolite fibers are not detected after 3h treatment for samples of 2.10-2 mg.mL-1 (TEMA), while crocidolite crystalline are still present (XRD) when concentration is 20 mg.mL-1 for the same treatment duration. No effect was observed on the amosite crystalline structure. But persistence of micro particular form (elongated structure) of 200 to 400 nm and longer than 5 µm on all by-products are observed. Ultrasound post-treatment is applied to fragment elongated structure. SEM analysis applied by using particle counting method shown a reduction from 27 µm to 6 µm after ultrasound post-treatment
Ndayishimiye, Arnaud. „Sur un nouveau procédé de frittage de céramiques à basse température : le frittage hydrothermal. Développement et approche mécanistique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0889/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of new high performance advanced materials is strongly dependent on the mastering of sintering processes. The driving force for densification is the decrease of surface free energy, which can be promoted either by applying a pressure and/or by enhancing diffusional mechanisms in a solid or liquid phase with ultra-fast heating routes. High temperatures are then usually required in the as-involved processes. The challenge is to perform densification at low temperature in order to overcome current technological barriers (energy- and cost-efficiency of the process; sintering of metastable, low temperature decomposition and/or nanometric materials; cosintering of multimaterials). In this context, we have developed an innovative hydrothermal sintering process which is geologically-inspired: a powder mixed with water is externally and mechanically compressed under hydrothermal conditions over short time periods. The main driving force is the stress gradient within grains induced by external uniaxial compression which allows the activation of the dissolution/precipitation phenomenon at solid/liquid interfaces. Besides the technological development of the apparatus, our goal was to understand all the complex mechanisms involved in the hydrothermal sintering of a model material, nanometric silica. We have shown that the mechanical-chemical effects (pressure solution creep) were synergistically assisted by chemical ones (polycondensation). The influence of each parameter (temperature, pressure, time, heating rate, solvent amount, use of a co-solvent or of a mineralizer) were investigated. Consequently, the densification of silica was optimized, reaching 86-88% of relative density. In addition, bulk polycrystalline nanometric α -quartz with 98% of relative density was obtained. Finally, the hydrothermal sintering process has been implemented to densify complex multimaterials. In this way, 0-3 type nanocomposites where nanometric manganese perovskite are embedded in a silica matrix have been obtained. The advantage of nanostructuration on magnetotransport properties was evaluated
Missaoui, Ayoub. „Etude de la conversion de la biomasse en energie par un procédé hydrothermal de carbonisation - Caractérisation des produits issus des grignons d'olive“. Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) allows pre-treating humid biomass in subcritical water (180-250°C) and at low pressures (10-40 bars) in the absence of air. This process produces a carbonaceous solid material called "hydro-char". The main aim of this work is to optimize the HTC process by studying the potential of hydro-char to produce energy. The studied biomass is a by-product of the olive oil industry called olive pomace containing water, residual oil, olive skin, olive pulp, and olive stones (with 70% moisture content). The moroccan olive pomace was first air-dried (DOP) and characterized. During the HTC process, the biomass is decomposed via dehydration and decarboxylation reactions. The obtained hydro-char has much less moisture and higher carbon contents than that of untreated DOP. Also, the hydro-char becomes poor in ashes by transferring them into the liquid phase. Hydro-chars have a higher HHV than that of peat and lignite. The results show that hydro-char mass yield and its properties depend on the process temperature especially. For a better analysis of the effect of operating conditions, a Design of Experiments Response Surface Methodology (DoE/RSM) approach was applied to optimize the HTC process. The DoE/RSM allows identifying a relationship between hydro-char properties and its mass yield and thermal combustion behavior. Response-surface plots show defined areas of production of hydro-char which allows tailoring hydro-char elaboration to a specific application. The process liquid from the HTC treatment of DOP shows a sensibility to operating conditions. The soluble carbon in the HTC liquid increases its polluting power and to decrease it two treatment process have been tested: evaporation and wet oxidation. Finally, the results show that the amount of water used for the hydrothermal treatment is the most influential factor on the energy balance of the HTC process
Jeder, Asma. „Matériaux carbonés par voie hydrothermale à partir de noyaux d'olive : étude du procédé, caractérisation des produits et applications“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0219/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrothermal carbonization process uses green waste from municipalities (Wood chips, sewage sludge, bagasse, leaves …) to produce solid bio-coal. The solid HTC product known as hydrochar commonly used as a fuel or fertilizer but it could be converted also into high- value products like activated carbon. The principal purpose of this thesis is to study the conversion of olive stones, widely available lignocellulosic biomass in Tunisia and Mediterranean country, into hydrochar and then activated carbon. In this study, a laboratory scale batch reactor has been designed and built. The hydrothermally carbonized olive stones were prepared at different reaction severity and with addition of salts, acid or ammonia. All prepared hydrochar are characterized by different analysis methods. The HTC water was also analyzed and the results show that HTC-liquid contains high added value components such as furfural and 5-HMF. The hydrothermally carbonized olive stones were activated by both physical activation, using CO2 and chemical activation, using KOH. The materials had high surface area (as high as 1400 m2 g-1) and rich surface chemistry. The potential for pharmaceuticals (Ibuprofen and Metronidazole) and hydrogen adsorption were assessed for HTC-activated carbon and they showed good performance in both application
Chouet, Agathe. „Fabrication des tuiles apéritives : étude des interactions formulation – structure – propriétés physico-chimiques en lien avec le procédé“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ONIR124F.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRestructured chips are made from a fried sheeted dough whose characteristics largely depend on the variability of the dehydrated potato which is the main raw material. In order to overcome these variations, it is essential to understand the role of the ingredients on the structure development during frying and on the resulting physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The role of added starch in the product was studied and highlighted the link between added starch and the dough aspect, physicochemical characteristics and structure of the final product. Native starch promotes an expanded, smooth, porous, brittle product with a lower fat content.The evolution of the product during frying process was studied: the physicochemical and structural characteristics of the product were found to be highly dependent on the glass transition.A frying time was determined for which the glass transition temperature was the same as the ambient temperature. For this frying time, the textural and structural properties acquired by the product during the cooling step change drastically. This work was carried out on a pilot equipment specially designed for this purpose and then adapted at an industrial scale to validate previous conclusions and provide information for the control of production lines. It does highlight the importance of the formulation in the manufacture and the product quality as well as the importance of the frying parameters in the chemical (water and fat content), physical (texture, global aspect), and structural properties (expansion, porosity) of the final product
Lopes, Moriyama Andre Luis. „Elaboration de poudres de CoFe2O4 nanostructurées et hiérarchisées ˸ : influence de la morphologie sur la détection et l'oxydation catalytique de gaz polluants“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and characterization of new materials, more sensitive and more selective, for the detection of pollutants gases. The electric or catalytic response of a sensing material depend on many factors like the grain size, the exposed crystallographic facets, the nature and valence of cations, the presence of oxygen vacancies. The aim of this thesis is the synthesis and characterization on one oxide with different shape in order to study their influence on the detection and catalytic properties of the sensing material. Cobalt ferrite, CoFe2O4 was synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal routes. The powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), X rays diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The testes gases were nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon monoxide CO.Nano-octahedron,as small as 20 nm, were obtained by a hydrothermal route, after optimization of temperature, reaction time, and PH of the solutions. The use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant leads to high purity powders. The grain shape is controlled by the precipitating agent and OH- ions in the reaction medium. Measurements of the electric response of the sensing material show that the grains shape definitively influences the sensitivity as well as the time response of the sensing material. Under oxidative gas (NO2), nanooctahedra of CoFe2O4 have a significantly higher sensibility than grains of same mean size, but without particular shape, as well as much shorter response and recovery times. This higher reactivity is linked to the {111} crystallographic facets, which exhibit octahedral sites. Nanooctahedra of CoFe2O4 showed also good catalytic activity toward the oxidation of CO. Reaction speeds (by specific area unit) are higher for nanooctahedra than for grains with no particular shape.A spherical hierarchical structure of nanooctahedra was obtained by adsorption of the grains at the surface of carbon spheres 200 nm in diameter, followed by their calcination at 350°C
Daher, Elias. „Conception de nouvelles nanostructures de ZnO pour une dégradation photocatalytique améliorée des polluants organiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith a continuously growing global industrialization reaching 6.1% in 2021 and a demographic burden of 8 billion people, today’s world is facing the most extensive energy shortages and environmental pollution in its history. Particularly, loaded effluents with recalcitrant organic toxic molecules from refineries, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and many other industries, are continuously endangering surface and groundwater water sustainability. With the low efficiency of conventional treatment techniques in addressing this issue, advanced oxidation processes have emerged as an efficient, promising, and inexpensive technology, capable of tackling different types of organic molecules in aquatic mediums. Amongst these techniques, heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as one of the most efficient and economical methods due to the photocatalyst reusability and lack of secondary disposal requirements. The technique is based on the generating of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical upon the exposure of a photocatalyst material to light, making it a green and sustainable technology. These ROS are well-known for their strong oxidation capacity toward organic matter, leading to their mineralization into harmless molecules such as water and carbon dioxide. For that reason, developing an efficient and eco-friendly photocatalyst is of great importance. In this scope, Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been attracting high attention due to its high conversion efficiency of photonic energy, low production price, low degree of toxicity to marine/human life, and long life span. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges facing this material is the limited photocatalytic efficiency due to the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Therefore, new strategies have been developed to enhance its photocatalytic activity such as designing new micro/nanostructures of ZnO or coupling the photocatalysts with other treatment techniques to produce synergic effects
Boucard, Hélène. „Contributions to the understanding of hydrothermal processes : application to black liquor“. Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlack liquor, a by-product of paper industry, is converted by hydrothermal process. It was chosen for its high water content (80 wt%), organic material (14 wt%) and minerals (6 wt%) that make it a high-value biomass while still untapped. The study in batch, screening a wide temperature range (350°C-600°C), used to identify two outgoing flows: a high proportion of hydrogen in the gas phase (600°C) and a solid phase, called coke, generated regardless the operating conditions used. The generation of solid changes the composition of the reaction medium in batch process and can be problematic in case of transposition in continuous reactor. Thus it is important to understand its formation to overcome these obstacles. Analysis of the residue shows that at 350°C, for short reaction times (< 2h), carbonaceous micro-particles are formed. Their size is influenced by the temperature rates of rise and fall. For higher temperatures, the solid is of no morphological interest and its weight proportion increased with temperature. Thus, a significant production of hydrogen will be associated with a solid deposit in the reactor. A catalytic study was conducted to increase the amount of hydrogen and reduce the formation of coke while working at lower temperature. This study, conducted at 350°C and 450°C, shows that hydrogenation and oxidation reactions involved with the catalyst, lead to the expected results. Converting models molecules of black liquor, conducted with the same experimental conditions, helped to understand the major mechanisms involved during the hydrothermal conversion. The micro-particles at 350°C can be valorized. However, the change in size and morphology over time wondered about the possibility of implement in continuous reactor. The solid formation can be prevented from 450°C in the presence of catalyst, favoring in parallel hydrogen production. Therefore, this thesis deals with scientific, technical and technological locks related to hydrothermal conversion of black liquor and especially the solid formation, with or without catalyst
Bahrani, Seyed Amir. „Modification des propriétés physico-chimiques de l'amidon par procédés hydrothermiques : Contribution à l'étude des transferts couplés chaleur-masse“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823904.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAimable, Anne. „Synthèse hydrothermale en continu et en conditions supercritiques du matériau d’électrode positive des batteries Li-ion LiFePO4 : du matériau au procédé“. Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiFePO4 appears as the best candidate in order to be used as a positive electrode material for lithium batteries, especially since the pionnering works of Goodenough in 1997. In this study, the continuous hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 in supercritical water was investigated. The first approach was based on an experimental design, in order to determine optimal conditions leading to a pure and crystalline material, with nanometric grain sizes, and interesting electrochemical properties. The higher capacity obtained is 75 mAh. G−1, which was also obtained from materials synthesized by other ways without any carbon, but below the expected value of 170 mAh. G−1. These low performances were explained by a large agglomeration, and a non optimized formulation of the electrode. In the second part of this study, a novel approach was engaged, based on an engineering aspect. The objective was to control the different steps of the synthesis : germination, growth and agglomeration. At first, heat transfer were studied inside the apparatus, and some changes were brought to improve its running. Then, CFD calculations were performed in the mixing device to model heat transfer and reactive flows in supercritical conditions