Dissertationen zum Thema „Problème du médian“
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Gay, Jean-Christophe. „Résolution du problème du p-médian, application à la restructuration de bases de données semi-structurées“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBénéteau, Laurine. „Médians de graphes : algorithmes, connexité et axiomatique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0512.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe median problem is one of the most investigated problem in metric graph theory. We will start by studying this problem in median graphs. We present a linear time algorithm based on the majority rule which characterize the median in median graphs and on a fast computation of the parallelism classes of the edges (the \Theta-classes) via LexBFS which is a particular breadth first search algorithm.We also provide linear time algorithms to compute the median set in the l_1-cube complexes of median graphs and in event structures. Then, we provide a characterization of the graphs with connected medians in the pth power of the graph and provide a polynomial method to check if a graph is a G^p-connected median graph, extending a result of Bandelt and Chepoi (case p=1). We use this characterization to prove that some important graph classes in metric graph theory have G2-connected medians, such as bipartite Helly graphs and bridged graphs. We will also studied the axiomatic aspect of the median function by investigating the ABC-problem, which determine the graphs (named ABC-graphs) in which the median function is the only consensus function verifying three simples axioms (A) Anonymat, (B) Betweeness and (C) Consistency. We show that modular graphs with G2-connected medians are ABC-graphs and define new axioms allowing us to characterize the median function on some graph classes. For example the graphs with connected medians (including Helly graphs). We also show that a known class of ABC-graphs (graphs satisfying the pairing property) is a proper subclass of bipartite Helly graphs and we investigate their recognition
Costa, Marcos Antônio da. „Máximos e Mínimos: uma abordagem para o ensino médio“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2947.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
We deal with extremum values problems. Our focus is the high school students. We present simple ideas and techniques on solving classical optimization problems. Among other problems we cite the classical isoperimetric ploblem and the Heron0s problem. We are based on the book Stories About Maxima and Minima by Tikhomirov which lead with these classical problems using only elementary mathematical subjects.
Estudamos problemas envolvendo valores extremos, com foco nos estudantes do Ensino Médio. Apresentamos de forma simples e resumida, algumas ideias e teorias para a solução de tais problemas. Dentre os quais citamos o Problema de Dido e o de Heron. O principal referencial teórico para confecção deste trabalho foi o livro de Tikhomirov intitulado Stories About Maxima and Minima. Baseados em tal livro, aplicamos métodos e teorias elementares para solucionarmos problemas clássicos de máximos e mínimos.
Lomas, Fernando Herrero. „Problemas isoperimétricos: uma abordagem no ensino médio“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55136/tde-24112016-210117/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation isoperimetric problem approaches were discussed that can be applied in high school and full degree students in mathematics. It was initially performed a historical approach and then the discussion of individual and general cases of isoperimetric inequality both in the plane and in space . The main approach of this text is in the plan, in which the areas of the triangles were analyzed , quadrilaterals and regular polygons given a fixed perimeter.
Oubrahim, Hafid. „La médina d'Asafi : étude d'urbanisme et problèmes d'archéologie“. Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010628.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuré, Isabelle. „La Justice en résistance - La médiatisation de la récidive criminelle (1997-2008)“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecidivism has been debated as a public issue since the end of the 1990's. Criminal laws are enacted in order to contain this phenomenon. As of 2002 they start growing significantly repressive and ever more numerous. This criminal policy leads to major protestation among the legal, academic and intellectual worlds, as in the political opposition parties or among political figures disagreeing with the government though in the majority. Policies, laws and the debate or reactions they generate in the society hardly go without their mediatic side. Hence, we shall analyse some media to understand the meaning they give to the governments’ legislative activity against criminal recidivism and what meaning these media give to the reactions this activity creates.This dissertation shows by which means the media of our corpus set both the issue of criminal recidivism and the way it is taken care of as a double-cycle. One cycle goes from a criminal re-offense in the back page news to a criminal law. The other goes from the policy about recidivism to its contesting. It also explains where in media exposure – along which several players are involved - proceeds with this recurrence. This two-sided hypothesis points out two questions. First of all what is the meaning within this journalistic content and what does it tell about the evolution of our criminal justice ? Then, how is this meaning made? Thus, this dissertation shall first observe the « media scene » delimited by the corpus, and then examine the mechanism of its co-production by journalists and the different players coping with criminal recidivism
Prunieres, Véronique. „L'asthme du boulanger et les problèmes médico-légaux“. Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComby, Émeline. „Pour qui l'eau ? Les contrastes spatio-temporels des discours sur le Rhône (France) et le Sacramento (Etats-Unis)“. Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA given society’s relationship with water is contextual, based on individual and public perceptions. This research investigated how public perception has been shaped by different stakeholders in two different river systems. To do so, we compared the trajectories of the Rhône River (France) and the Sacramento River (United States) by combining field observations with a principal dataset of 5,985 newspaper articles. Because the definition of social problems occurs within public arenas, this retrospective study of newspaper coverage allowed us to evaluate exogenous and endogenous discontinuities, static and dynamic constraints, and environmental and social trajectories. Media coverage was analyzed using content, quotation, and textual data analysis as well as GIS. Conflict between values entails interaction between different arenas, mobilizes spokespeople, and consolidates power relations. The Advocacy Coalition Framework promotes the hybridization between bottom-up and top-down policies and legitimizes different processes of discussion and problem-solving. Dialog between stakeholders exists in space and time between here and elsewhere, present and past, and risk and disasters. These temporal factors were addressed with a synchronic study. During the twentieth century, the Rhône River and the Sacramento River have undergone a great number of changes, primarily due to different decisions made at the national level. Nevertheless in both basins, advocacy coalitions have been key sources of political changes for thirty years: they share a set of beliefs and act in concert to address local concerns in water policy. Finally, a more detailed case study is presented for the Rhône basin, where French law and scientific knowledge require integrated river basin management. The Rhône case study demonstrates the spatial and temporal variability of opinions, debates, and discourses about water, which often embody tensions because of conflicting demands
Maia, Anderson Feitoza Leitão. „Estimativas para a curvatura média de subvariedades cilindricamente limitadas“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7224.
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This work is based on the article The Mean Curvature Cylindrically Bounded Submanifolds, it will discuss an estimate for the mean curvature of complete cylindrically submanifolds bounded. Furthermore we present a relationship between an estimate of the mean curvature and the fact that M is stochastically incomplete.
Este trabalho é baseado no artigo The Mean Curvature Cylindrically Bounded Submanifolds, nele abordaremos uma estimativa para a curvatura média de subvariedades completas cilindricamente limitadas. Ademais apresentaremos uma relação entre uma estimativa da curvatura média e o fato de M ser estocasticamente incompleta.
Diogo, Marcelio Adriano. „Problemas geradores no ensino-aprendizagem de matemática no ensino médio“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work intends to verify whether the use of generating problems is an efficient procedure to justify the study of a new Mathematical content. Therefore, in advance, a view of which benefits the study of a specific content is shown to the student, previously answering the question, which is asked in many teaching situations: “What is it for?”. To help the verification of this objective, many activities were done as a starting point of some Mathematical topics. Doing them, the students face problems whose level of difficulty increases until the prerequisites they have become insufficient to solve them, or at least, the strategies need to be more elaborated, justifying, at this point, the study of that specific Mathematical content. For this work, the research methodology was Case Study and the theoretical reference was based on problem solving and Brousseau’s concepts of didactic and not didactic situations, and on Ausubel’s meaningful learning concept. The students’ performance during the activities, their perception of a real reason for the study of a new content and the result of that new study prove that the procedure is efficient regarding the approach of a new Mathematical content.
Fonte, Carla Cristina 1990. „Introdução aos grafos no ensino médio“. [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, exploram-se os conceitos iniciais e aplicações importantes da teoria de grafos. Acentuam-se, nas aplicações, alguns problemas clássicos, como o das sete pontes de Königsberg, o do caixeiro viajante e o problema dos casamentos estáveis. Com o intuito de servir como material de apoio para a introdução de grafos ao ensino médio, expõe-se uma sugestão para plano de aula, cuja exploração sinaliza diversas propriedades matemáticas interessantes, além de estimular o raciocínio e o estudo
Abstract: This work focuses on the initial concepts and important applications of the graph theory. Detailing, in the applications, some classic problems such as the seven bridges of Königsberg problem, the travelling salesman problem and the stable marriage problem. In order to provide a supporting material for the introduction to graphs in high school, it is shown a suggestion to the lesson plan, which exploration indicates various interesting mathematical properties beyond stimulating the reasoning and the deep study in the field
Mestrado
Matemática em Rede Nacional
Mestra em Matemática em Rede Nacional
Le, Gall Guy. „Le corps médical dans la structure hospitalière : problèmes et perspectives“. Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082519.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThrough this work we have tried to identify the roots of the malaise among the medical profession in hospital settings. The evolution of knowledge during the 50 last years compared with its progression during the previous centuries partly explains the extent of the generalized disenchantment. The possibilities and costs resulting from progress mandates an ethical reflexion based on the patient and public health as a whole. The doctor-patient relation has changed over the years , patients becoming more and more demanding users of the health care system inevitably creating a judicialization of this relationship. Contrasting with these upheavals the hospital strucuture has kept all its inertia: absence of adaptation of the ordinances of 1958 to the new challenges, maintenance of a hospital architecture centered on departments , segmentation of the powers and countervailing powers with a plethoric bureaucracy. . . Observing this crisis and illustrating it with some concrete examples it appeared logical to us to evoke the great principles which must inspire the future essential reforms. Meritocracy based on results must be introduced into hospitals. Terms like “responsibility” and “duty” will have to influence the new organisational diagrams. The creation of poles of responsibility bringing together several departments instigated by leaders elected by health care personnel on precise objectives, becomes a necessity. In the context of fees based on activity these changes imply, a better evaluation of medical practice, a redefinition of the assignment of each professions because of the transfers of competence inevitably resulting from the demographic problems, a reappraisal of the criteria of professionalism and a continuous search for improvement of competence. If these changes are to be seen in the long term it is also necessary to reconsider the initial training putting emphasis on a philosophy based on fellowship which allows the transmission of experience
Pinheiro, Joseane Mirtis de Queiroz. „A pergunta e seus contributos para as estratégias de resolução de problema algébrico no 3º ano do Ensino Médio“. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2742.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The aim of the present research was to investigate how questions can promote the development of strategies to solve an algebraic problem in the 3rd Grade of High School. It was carried out with students of the 3rd Grade of High School of a Public School from the State Educational System of the city Afogados da Ingazeira - PE, from June/2015 to December/2016. The Methodology uses qualitative research. These are case studies, two case studies were carried out, whose participating students were indicated by the teacher. It was used as data collection instruments the application of semi-structured interviews to the teacher in charge of the class and to the students who were part of the case studies, and the execution of a problem solving task with the students. The results suggest that the teacher in charge values the Problem Solving Methodology and uses exercises, although she thinks that she is using problems. Therefore, the question in her classes seems to be reduced to the IRE standard. Beatriz understands that solving problems is different from doing exercises. For Beatriz, the act of asking functions basically to clear up doubts and remind about previously studied subjects. Actual questions and examination questions allowed us to obtain information and a survey of previous knowledge from the student. The didactic questions, on the other hand, explored her way of thinking about Mathematics, interpretation, search for solutions, reflections and conjectures, besides favoring the written calculations. Beatriz developed basically two solving strategies for the algebraic problem. In the first one she used arithmetic, specifically the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. In the second she used the System of Linear First Degree Equations. The questions helped her to make decisions and to proceed with the development of the System satisfactorily. For Julia, a problem is a question that brings a challenge that needs to be understood and then solved. Her conception about a question is that it is important to remember subjects previously studied, to clarify and to complete something that you already know or even about content when you do not understand something. The actual questions, the exam questions and the didactic questions made her expose her previous knowledge and provide information about them to the researcher teacher, what helped her in other actions regarding the problem. With the didactic questions, Julia reflected more about what is in the problem, like the information and the graphical representation, which helped her in the reflections to search for solutions. She developed basically two strategies to solve the algebraic problem. In the first one, she used the arithmetic fundamental operations, specifically addition, subtraction and division, without presenting any difficulty. In the second one, she used the Algebra and she elaborated three equations with the weights using the algorithm of Systems of Linear First Degree Equations, without presenting any difficulty. The algebraic language and its representation do not seem to have been a problem for her. The questions made her broaden her algebraic thinking, considering the way how she demonstrates the organization of the problem.
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar como as perguntas podem promover o desenvolvimento de estratégias de resolução de problema algébrico no 3º Ano do Ensino Médio. Foi realizada com alunos do 3º Ano do Ensino Médio de uma Escola pública da Rede Estadual de ensino da cidade de Afogados da Ingazeira – PE, no período de junho/2015 a dezembro/2016. A Metodologia utiliza uma pesquisa qualitativa. Trata-se de estudos de caso, foram realizados dois estudos de caso, cujas alunas participantes foram indicadas pela professora. Utilizamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados entrevistas (semiestruturadas) com as alunas constituintes dos estudos de caso e a realização de uma tarefa de resolução de problema com as alunas. Os resultados sugerem que Beatriz entende que a ação de resolver problemas é diferente de fazer exercícios. Para Beatriz o ato de perguntar serve, basicamente, para tirar dúvidas e relembrar assuntos passados. Perguntas do tipo real e de exame nos permitiram obter da aluna uma informação ou um levantamento de conhecimentos prévios. Já as perguntas didáticas, exploraram seu modo de pensar sobre a Matemática, interpretação, a busca por soluções, reflexões e conjecturas, além de favorecer os cálculos escritos. Beatriz desenvolveu basicamente duas estratégias de resolução para o problema algébrico. Na primeira se utilizou da Aritmética, especificamente das operações de adição, subtração, multiplicação e divisão. Na segunda, utilizou-se do Sistema de Equações Lineares do 1º Grau. As perguntas lhe ajudaram a tomar decisões e proceder com o desenvolvimento do Sistema de modo satisfatório. Para Júlia o problema é uma questão que traz um desafio que precisa ser entendido para depois poder resolver. Sua concepção sobre a pergunta é que esta é importante para relembrar assuntos passados, tirar dúvidas ou esclarecer e completar algo que já sabe ou mesmo sobre o conteúdo, quando não entende algo. As perguntas real, de exame e as didáticas fizeram-na expor seus conhecimentos prévios e fornecer informações destes à professora pesquisadora a ajudando em outras ações, diante do problema. Com as perguntas didáticas Júlia refletiu mais sobre o que está posto no problema, como as informações e a representação gráfica, que lhe ajudaram nas reflexões em busca de soluções. Ela desenvolveu basicamente duas estratégias de resolução do problema algébrico. Na primeira utilizou as operações fundamentais da Aritmética especificamente à adição, subtração, divisão sem nenhuma dificuldade. Na segunda, ela utilizou a Álgebra, elaborando três equações com os pesos, utilizando o algoritmo de Sistemas de Equações Lineares do 1º grau, sem dificuldade. A linguagem algébrica e sua representação não parecem ter sido problema para ela. As perguntas fizeram-na ampliar seu raciocínio algébrico, considerando o modo como demonstra a organização do problema.
Uechi, Suzi Aparecida. „Inglês: disciplina-problema no ensino fundamental e médio?“ Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-07112007-130624/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study is to investigate five contexts of English language teaching and learning within the scope of elementary and high school levels of public and private institutions. This is a qualitative research with ethnographic characteristics which was conducted through interviews with coordinators, teachers, and monitors from schools; audiorecordings of classes where I acted as an observer-researcher; classroom notes; and material gathered during the research (students\' homework assignments, didactic material used by teachers, leaflets concerning those schools). The study of these contexts has revealed that the English language is interpreted as a synonym of a \"subject of problems\", and therefore it may be handled in a different manner by schools which try to teach it by establishing alternative ways: the partnership between a private elementary and high school and a language school; a private school which created its own language center; an outsourcing of English language teaching adopted by a private elementary and high school; a special subject where students are supposed to learn English through projects in a public high school; and English revision classes for third-year secondary students of public schools which focus on teaching reading. According to the diagnosis of English as a \"subject of problems\" there is a \"clash\" between the traditional and the new in English teaching and learning. Such conflict is aroused from the searching for new pedagogic innovations used by schools in order to become more efficient and adequate for contemporary educational propositions. However, at the same time, these alternatives chosen by schools cannot sustain their own projects owing to the inevitable influences in post-modern societies: for instance, to \"master\" English as a foreign language as a requirement for taking part in a globalized world, as well as for getting a good job in the future. The data of this study have equally stressed the question of English as a \"market product\" in view of global demands in local educational communities, the background of which includes the interpretation of English as a \"subject of problems\".
Jaulin, Cossard Véronique. „Problèmes médico-légaux posés par l'usage de la sonde de Swan-Ganz“. Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT056M.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonow, Isabel Castro. „O problema de Dirichlet para a equação das hipersuperfícies de curvatura média constante“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10971.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the constant mean curvature equation in bounded domains of the Euclidean space.
Fonseca, Ricardo Santos. „Problemas de otimização na Geometria: uma abordagem para o Ensino Médio“. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5473.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work, lectures on Optimization Problems Applied Geometry. It presents initially a little history of some classic optimization problems in Euclidean Geometry Plana, as the Isoperimétrico Problem, the Heron Problem an the Steiner Problem. From there, he used that knowledge to build definitions, theorems and propositions regarding the Optimization of Geometry which provided grandiose tools for problem solving that can be applied in high school or in Mathematics Olympics.
Neste trabalho, disserta-se sobre Problemas de Otimização Aplicados à Geometria. Apresentase inicialmente um pouco da história de alguns problemas clássicos de otimização em Geometria Euclidiana Plana, como, o Problema Isoperimétrico, o Problema de Heron e o Problema de Steiner. A partir daí, usou-se esse conhecimento para construir definições, teoremas e proposições a respeito da Otimização em Geometria o que proporcionou grandiosas ferramentas para a resolução de problemas que podem ser aplicados no Ensino Médio ou em Olimpíadas de Matemática.
Moreto, Fabiana Adala [UNESP]. „O problema isoperimétrico e aplicações para o ensino médio“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92417.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeste trabalho, estudamos alguns problemas clássicos envolvendo máximos e mínimos na Geometria Euclidiana e discutimos o Problema Isoperimétrico (dentre as curvas de perímetro fixo, a circunferência é a que engloba a maior área) que podem ser utilizados nos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio, incluindo: (i) aspectos históricos, (ii) deduções formais do problema utilizando apenas Geometria Euclidiana e (iii) contextualizações em problemas de otimização
In this work, we study some classical problems involving maxima and minima in the Euclidean Geometry and we discuss the Isoperimetric Problem (among all closed plane curves of a given length, that one whose encloses the largest area is the circle) which can be used in middle or high school classrooms, including: (i) historical aspects, (ii) formal deductions and (iii) contextualizations of optimization problems
Rocha, Alan Martins. „Problema de otimização envolvendo a matemática do ensino médio“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2955.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Applied Mathematics is the branch of mathematics which deals with the application of mathematical knowledge to solving problems in other areas and, in the current curricula for secondary education in Brazil, it has not been as adequately explored as it could be. Optimization, for instance, is one type of mathematical applications which allows solving problems related to economy, management, engineering, transport and logistics, among others and can be introduced, at a basic level, in secondary school. With that in view, this work aims to present a few algebraic tools, accessible to the secondary school student, that allow solving some interesting elementary optimization problems. These tools include optimization of quadratic functions, discrete functions, some continuous functions, as well as some applications of the inequality between arithmetic and geometric means. The use of these methods is illustrated through several examples, chosen in a way that shows the rich variety of problems that can be solved with the seemingly basic tools presented. With this we aim at presenting these topics, accessible to secondary education, in a novel and interesting way that is attractive to students and, once assimilated, they can become powerful tools for solving several problems, whether they come from the daily experience, from mathematical olympics, or from exams.
A Matemática Aplicada é um ramo da matemática que trata da aplicação do conhecimento matemático a outros domínios, porém é pouco ou mal explorada nas atuais orientações curriculares para o Ensino Médio. A otimização, por exemplo, é uma de suas aplicações que auxilia na resolução de problemas ligados à economia, à administra ção, às engenharias, a problemas de logística e transporte, e às ciências, e que pode perfeitamente ser explorada, em um nível mais elementar, no Ensino Médio. Diante desta realidade, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar alguns métodos algébricos acessíveis ao estudante do Ensino Médio, para resolução de problemas simples de otimização. Dentre estes, destacam-se a otimização de funções quadráticas, funções discretas, algumas funções contínuas, além de aplicações da desigualdade das médias. A aplicação dos métodos apresentados é exempli cada por meio de vários problemas, escolhidos de maneira a mostrar uma ampla e signi cativa diversidade que permite a utilização dos métodos aqui desenvolvidos. Consequentemente, estes métodos podem apresentar alguns conteúdos do Ensino Médio de uma forma interessante, despertando o interesse dos alunos, pois, uma vez bem assimilados podem tornar-se poderosas ferramentas na solução de vários problemas, frequentemente encontrados no próprio cotidiano dos alunos e, inclusive, em olimpíadas de matemática, vestibulares e concursos.
Moreto, Fabiana Adala. „O problema isoperimétrico e aplicações para o ensino médio /“. Rio Claro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92417.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanca: Suzete Maria Silva Afonso
Banca: Welington Vieira Assunção
O PROFMAT - Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional é coordenado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática e realizado por uma rede de Instituições de Ensino Superior.
Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos alguns problemas clássicos envolvendo máximos e mínimos na Geometria Euclidiana e discutimos o Problema Isoperimétrico (dentre as curvas de perímetro fixo, a circunferência é a que engloba a maior área) que podem ser utilizados nos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio, incluindo: (i) aspectos históricos, (ii) deduções formais do problema utilizando apenas Geometria Euclidiana e (iii) contextualizações em problemas de otimização
Abstract: In this work, we study some classical problems involving maxima and minima in the Euclidean Geometry and we discuss the Isoperimetric Problem (among all closed plane curves of a given length, that one whose encloses the largest area is the circle) which can be used in middle or high school classrooms, including: (i) historical aspects, (ii) formal deductions and (iii) contextualizations of optimization problems
Mestre
Chabane, Brahim. „Optimisation de plans d’actions multi-objectifs dans le secteur social et médico-social“. Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the early 2000s, the social and medico-social sector is experiencing significant evolutions and mutations. On the one hand, the number of persons taken over is constantly increasing. On the other hand, the finances and budgets available to the structures are constantly decreasing. This forces decision-makers to adapt and find new solutions to do more with fewer resources. In this thesis, we study a practical problem that is often faced by the decision-makers, which is the elaboration of optimal action plans. An action plan is a set of actions that are realized to improve both the performance of the structure and the quality of service offred to its residents. Elaborating an optimal action plan consists of identifying and selecting the best actions that improve all the objectives of the plan while respecting some constraints. After presenting the practical and theoretical context, we provide a formal modeling of the problem as a multi-objective knapsack problem. Then, we present a number of solution methods based on quality indicators and Lorenz dominance. We show that combining IBMOLS method with R2 indicator allows obtaining efficient solutions and easily integrating the decision-maker preferences. We also show that in a context where decision-maker preferences are not known or all the objectives are considered equals, Lorenz dominance is a very efficient tool to incorporate equity into the search process and reduce the number of non-dominated solutions as well as the algorithm runtime
Reutenauer, Victor. „Algorithmes stochastiques pour la gestion du risque et l'indexation de bases de données de média“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes different problems of stochastic control and optimization that can be solved only thanks approximation. On one hand, we develop methodology aiming to reduce or suppress approximations to obtain more accurate solutions or something exact ones. On another hand we develop new approximation methodology in order to solve quicker larger scale problems. We study numerical methodology to simulated differential equations and enhancement of computation of expectations. We develop quantization methodology to build control variate and gradient stochastic methods to solve stochastic control problems. We are also interested in clustering methods linked to quantization, and principal composant analysis or compression of data thanks neural networks. We study problems motivated by mathematical finance, like stochastic control for the hedging of derivatives in incomplete market but also to manage huge databases of media commonly known as big Data in chapter 5. Theoretically we propose some upper bound for convergence of the numerical method used. This is the case of optimal hedging in incomplete market in chapter 3 but also an extension of Beskos-Roberts methods of exact simulation of stochastic differential equations in chapter 4. We present an original application of karhunen-Loève decomposition for a control variate of computation of expectation in chapter 2
Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto. „Relación médico / industria farmacéutica: ¿Un problema bioético actual de nuestra sociedad?“ Master's thesis, Mukdsi JH. Relación Médico/Industria Farmacéutica: ¿Un problema bioético actual de nuestra sociedad ? [Internet]. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 2019 [citado el 5 de marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/handle/11086/14991, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/14991.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBioethical argumentation process is, one uf the most complex practices of human knowledge. This focus thesis is the critical analysis uf the relationship between medícal activity and pharmaceutical industry, particularly how advertising can permeate in an invisible way to do of the medical professional. The argumentative axis was based in the presentation of a case in which potential conflicts of interest between Medicine and pharmaceutical industry can be analyzed from the ruhlicilY that the latter males of its products in scientific journals. With this ami the complex construction of scientific knowledge. and particular medical knowledge were addressed, based on biopower of Michael Foucault and scientific field uf Bourdieu. Besides. was analyzed how situations of cordliet of interest can infringe the principies of Bioethics. Finally I present a deliberation about what implies the teaching of conflicts interests in the degree of the Faculty of Medicine. Advance on the need to understand that conflicts of interest are not only presentad in situations that imply a relationship between doctor and pharmaceutical industry', but that they could occur in biomedical research itself `i‘ en the progress of biotechnology would cully justify the debate of this topic in the training of future professionals of Medicine.
El proceso de argumentación en Bioética es una de las practicas mas complejas del conocimiento humano. La presente tesis de Maestría se centró en el análisis critico de una de las realidades que atraviesa en cada momento la práctica de la Medicina: la relación de la actividad medica y industria farmacéutica particularmente de como la publicidad puede permear de una manera invisible el que hacer del profesional médico. El eje argumentativo o se basó en la presentación de dos casos en los que se pueden analizar posibles conflictos de interés entre la Medicina y la industria farmacéutica. Para ello se abordó la compleja construcción del conocimiento científico, y en particular del saber médico. a partir de los aportes foucaultianos del biopoder y bourdianos desde la conformación del campo científico. Ambas miradas se centraron en cómo situaciones de conflicto de interés pueden vulnerar principios de diversas corrientes de la Bioética. Finalmente, se reflexionó sobre lo que implica la enseñanza de los conflictos de interés en el grado de la Facultad de Medicina. Avanzar sobre la necesidad de que se entienda que los conflictos de interés no solo se presentan en situaciones que implican una relación entre medico e industria farmacéutica, sino que los mismos podrían darse en la propia investigación biomédica dado el avance la de biotecnología justificaría plenamente el debate de este tema en la formación de los futuros profesionales de la Medicina
2021-05-28
Fil: Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopia Electrónica; Argentina
Fil: Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.
Petit-Didier, Valérie. „Problèmes posés par les urétérostomises“. Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P224.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSauer, Lisandra de Oliveira. „O problema de Dirichlet para a equação das superfícies de curvatura média constante em domínios planares não necessariamente convexos“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17387.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we prove three theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Dirichlet Problem for the constant mean curvature H surface equation on a bounded not necessarily convex domain Ω of the plane from hypothesis relating the exterior circle condition of Ω, the C² norm of a the bounded date and H.
Dubé, Stéphanie. „Pédophilie dans la presse écrite québécoise : la construction d'un problème social récurrent“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41554.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRama, Aguinaldo José. „Números inteiros nos ensinos fundamental e médio“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11513.
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We present an analysis of three collections of mathematics text books for primary school. The choice of the collections is oriented by the synthesis presented in the guidebook of the Plano Nacional do Livro Didático. The goal of the analysis is to investigate the way the authors approach the integers, mainly the concept of divisibility. Our main focus concerns proof strategies and the use of challenging problem situations. Two other aspects are considered: relations between integers and other mathematical subjects, particularly álgebra and geometry; articulations between old and new contents, and the resulting review of subjects, during which it is expectec that the learners growing maturity is taken into consideration. We verify that one of the collections presents good informal proofs, suitable for this learning level, using a variety of methods; it also properly explores the potencial of problems related to integers. The second collection presents some convincing proofs together with unsuitable ones, while the third one states several properties without exibiting explanation concerns. The last ones provide few problems demanding a greater sophistication of reasoning. The three collections present the subject in 5th and 6th grades, in the context of natural numbers, and no overview is provided after the introduction of negative numbers. The second part of the work is dedicated to middle school. We examine the eleven collections recomended by the guidebook of the Plano Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio. We analyse the review of the integers at the beggining of the first books of the collections. Generally speaking, the review is superficial; divisibility concepts including negatives is explored only in the context of exercises. Few more elaborated problems are proposed Finally, we suggest actitities for middle scholl relating integers to a variety of themes, as geometry, complex number, polynomials, combinatorial analysis
Apresentamos uma análise de três coleções de livros de matemática do ensino fundamental. Tomamos como referência para a escolha dos livros as sínteses constantes no guia do Plano Nacional do Livro Didático. O objetivo dessa análise é verificar a forma como os autores abordam os números inteiros, em particular o conceito de divisibilidade. Damos maior atenção para dois aspectos: as estratégias adotadas para demonstrações referentes ao assunto, e o uso de situações-problema desafiadoras. Também consideramos dois outros aspectos: articulações entre números inteiros e as demais áreas da matemática, em particular a álgebra e a geometria; articulações entre conteúdos novos e já conhecidos, e as conseqüentes retomadas de temas, nas quais espera-se que o suposto amadurecimento dos estudantes seja considerado. Constatamos que uma das coleções apresenta boas provas informais, adequadas para esse estágio de aprendizagem, usando métodos variados; também explora de modo conveniente o potencial de problemas envolvendo números inteiros. A segunda coleção apresenta algumas demonstrações convincentes, e outras inadequadas; a terceira enuncia diversas propriedades sem preocupação com justificativas. Nessas duas últimas, poucos problemas exigem maior sofisticação de raciocínio. Nas três coleções o assunto é enfocado quase exclusivamente na 5º e na 6º série, no âmbito dos números naturais, não sendo retomado no contexto dos inteiros, após a introdução dos negativos. A segunda parte do trabalho é dedicada ao ensino médio. Consultamos as onze coleções recomendas pelo guia do Plano Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio. Analisamos a revisão dos inteiros feita no início dos primeiros livros dessas coleções. De modo geral, essa retomada é superficial; o conceito de divisibilidade entre inteiros, incluindo os negativos, pode ser apreciado somente em uns poucos exercícios. Poucos problemas mais elaborados são propostos. Finalizamos com sugestões de atividades para o ensino médio envolvendo números inteiros, em conexão com assuntos variados, tais como: geometria, números complexos, polinômios, análise combinatória
Ducou, Le Pointe Hubert. „Etude de problèmes techniques, économiques et médico-légaux en téléradiologie : évaluation d'un système interhospitalier“. Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCavalcante, Fabrício André Lima. „O ensino por problema dos conteúdos de citologia em uma escola pública de Ensino Médio em Campina Grande-PB“. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2898.
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The scientific advances have allowed a greater contextualization of the school curriculum, mainly in the Teaching of Sciences. In the classroom, the contextualized approach of this knowledge becomes indispensable since it transcends the content to the everyday. From this perspective, the objective of this research is to develop a teaching project, addressing the contents of cytology, from the perspective of systemic thinking; Adopting as teaching strategy teaching by problem. Teaching by problem contributes to the student's reflective practice, making him return to his reality with solutions that aim at better conditions for learning, and consequently the application of knowledge. The research of the descriptive exploratory study was carried out from September to October 2014, and had as participants of the study 28 students from the third grade of a public school adhered to the ProEMI (Higher Education) Program located in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. The data were collected from the audio recording and questionnaire application with subjective and objective questions, whose realization of the project occurred within the scope of the Program of Incentive to Teaching (PIBID). The data collected in this research were analyzed (content analysis) from five stages of mediation (problem, determination of key expressions, practical intervention, theorization and intervention applied to reality) previously selected. The results show that the didactic strategy of teaching by problem in the approach of the contents of cytology contributes to the improvement of the educational practice as a better performance of the students in the classes of Biology. As a final (educational) product, we elaborated the construction of a collection of biographies of important naturalists for the development of cytology and for the strengthening of biology as a science. In the process of developing this project we were able to consolidate moments of rupture of some epistemological obstacles, associated with a knowledge of greater practical autonomy. With this, we offer the mediator teacher an alternative to make classes more dynamic, and the mediated student the opportunity to reflect and solve the problems proposed to learn the content.
Os avanços científicos têm permitido mais contextualização do currículo escolar, principalmente no Ensino de Ciências. Na sala de aula, a abordagem contextualizada desses conhecimentos é indispensável, uma vez que proporciona transcendência do conteúdo para o cotidiano. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta investigação foi de criar um projeto de ensino, em que abordam os conteúdos de Citologia, na perspectiva do pensamento sistêmico. A estratégia didática adotada foi o ensino por problema, que pode proporcionar ao estudante uma prática reflexiva, para que ele retorne à sua realidade com soluções que visem melhorar o aprendizado e, consequentemente, à aplicação do conhecimento. O estudo exploratório descritivo foi realizado no período de setembro a outubro de 2014, com 28 estudantes da terceira série de uma escola pública que aderiu ao Programa Ensino Médio Inovador (ProEMI), localizada na cidade de Campina Grande - Paraíba. Os dados foram coletados por meio de gravação de áudio e da aplicação de um questionário com questões subjetivas e objetivas. O projeto foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Programa de Bolsas de Incentivo à Docência (PIBID). Os dados coletados foram analisados (análise de conteúdo) a partir de cinco etapas de mediação (problema, determinação das expressões-chave, intervenção prática, teorização e intervenção aplicada à realidade) previamente selecionadas. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a estratégia didática de ensino por problema na abordagem dos conteúdos de Citologia contribui para melhorar a prática educativa e o desempenho dos estudantes nas aulas de Biologia. Como produto final (educacional), elaboramos uma coletânea de biografias de naturalistas importantes para o desenvolvimento da Citologia e para fortalecer a Biologia como ciência. No processo de desenvolvimento deste projeto, consolidamos momentos de ruptura de alguns obstáculos epistemológicos, associados a um conhecimento de mais autonomia prática. Com isso, oferecemos ao professor mediador uma alternativa de tornar as aulas mais dinâmicas, e ao estudante mediado, a oportunidade de refletir e de resolver os problemas propostos para a aprendizagem do conteúdo.
Souza, Lisany Gonzalez de. „Solubilidade do problema de Dirichlet para a equação das superfícies de curvatura média constante em domínios ilimitados e não-convexos“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we present with detail the proof of three theorems and some of its consequences on existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Dirichlet Problem for the Constant Mean Curvature H Surface Equation on a bounded not necessarily convex domain of the plane. The hypothesis relates the exterior circle condition of Ω, the C2 norm of boundary date and H.
Silva, Joab dos Santos. „Sequências numéricas no Ensino Médio“. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2674.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This paper presents a didactic proposal for the content of numerical sequences, comprising the treatment of arithmetic and geometric progressions, content commonly taught in the rst year of regular high school. In this sense, chapters are developed with a historical ap- proach, curriculum and discussion of how the curriculum should be divided and discussed in meetings. The introduction of the theme sequences is made using the historical period and the puzzles of Hanoi Tower and Jumping Frog for, from the rediscovery process, lead students to recognize patterns and formulate conjectures. For arithmetic and geometric progressions chooses to emphasize problem solving situations and formalization, demons- tration, the results presented, it is believed that this may contribute to logical-deductive and argumentative development of students. Three evaluation activities are suggested with the objectives and possible resolutions of the issues proposed also exposed in the chapter discussing the meetings in which the curriculum was divided.
Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta didática para o conteúdo de sequências numéricas, englobando o tratamento das progressões aritmética e geométrica, conteúdo comumente ministrado no primeiro ano do ensino médio regular. Neste sentido, são desenvolvidos capítulos com um recorte histórico, conteúdo programático e discussão de como o conteúdo programático deve ser dividido e abordado em encontros. A introdução do tema sequências é feita utilizando-se o recorte histórico e os quebra-cabeças Torre de Hanói e Salto da Rã para, a partir do processo de redescoberta, conduzir os alunos ao reconhecimento de padrões e formulação de conjecturas. Para as progressões aritmética e geométrica opta por dar ênfase a resolução de situações problemas e a formalização, demonstração, dos resultados apresentados, pois acredita-se que este procedimento pode contribuir para desenvolvimento lógico-dedutivo e argumentativo dos alunos. Três atividades avaliativas são sugeridas sendo os objetivos e possíveis resoluções das questões propostas também ex- postos no capítulo dedicado a discussão dos encontros nos quais o conteúdo programático foi dividido.
Souza, Márcia Erondina Dias de. „UMA PROPOSTA DE ABORDAGEM AO PROBLEMA DE FLÁVIO JOSEFO APLICADA AO ENSINO MÉDIO“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10935.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this paper, we presents a didactic sequence of activities designed for a group of students of high school, their age were about 15 and 18 years old, with the main objective to study the problem proposed by the mathematician Flávio Josefo, in mid-year 64. The legend tells that a group of rebels, including Flávio Josefo, was trapped in a cave by the enemy army. Preferring the suicide to capture, the rebels decided to form a circle and, counting over this, to kill each third person of the rest of the group. Josefo was contrary of this suicide pact therefore, together with a friend, calculated very quickly the appropriated positions that both should take in this circle in order to get out of this terrible situation. To understand this solution, we propose, at the first moment, a review about the numerical sequences, including the special cases of arithmetic and geometric. Then, we introduce some notions about the de recurrence relations and the Principle of Mathematical Induction, allowing a generalization of concepts and results already known intuitively by the student group.
Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma sequência didática de atividades elaboradas para um grupo de alunos do ensino médio, na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos, tendo como principal objetivo estudar o problema proposto pelo matemático Flávio Josefo, nos meados do ano 64. Conta a lenda que um grupo de rebeldes, dentre eles Flávio Josefo, foi encurralado numa caverna pelo exército inimigo. Preferindo o suicídio à captura, os rebeldes decidiram formar um círculo e, contando ao longo deste, matar cada terceira pessoa restante do grupo. Josefo era contrário a este pacto suicida e, por isso, juntamente com um amigo, calculou muito rapidamente as posições adequadas que ambos deveriam tomar nesse círculo de modo a saírem ilesos desta terrível situação. Para o entendimento desta solução propomos, inicialmente, uma revisão sobre sequências numéricas, incluindo os casos especiais de progressão aritmética e geométrica. Em seguida, introduzimos algumas noções a respeito de relações de recorrência e do Princípio da Indução Matemática, permitindo uma generalização dos conceitos e resultados já conhecidos intuitivamente pelo grupo de alunos.
Motrunich, Anastasiia. „Estimation des paramètres pour les séquences de Markov avec application dans des problèmes médico-économiques“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of this dissertation we consider several problems of finite-dimensional parameter estimation for Markov sequences in the asymptotics of large samples. The asymptotic behavior of the Bayesian estimators and the estimators of the method of moments are described. It is shown that under regularity conditions these estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. We show that the Bayesian estimator is asymptotically efficient. The one-step and two-step maximum likelihood estimator-processes are studied. These estimators allow us to construct the asymptotically efficient estimators based on some preliminary estimators, say, the estimators of the method of moments or Bayes estimator and the one-step maximum likelihood estimator structure. We propose particular non-linear autoregressive processes as examples and we illustrate the properties of these estimators with the help of numerical simulations. In the second part we give theapplications of Markov processes in health economics. We compare homogeneous and non-homogeneous Markov models for cost-effectiveness analysis of routine use of transparent dressings containing a chlorhexidine gluconate gel pad versus standard transparent dressings. The antimicrobial dressing protects central vascular accesses reducing the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections. The impact of the modeling approach on the decision of adopting antimicrobialdressings for critically-ill patients is discussed
Tebaa, Gable Myriam. „Proposition d'un modèle de raisonnement expert en situation de résolution de problèmes, basé sur une approche systémique des activités cognitives de raisonnement : application au diagnostic médical“. Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNunes, Adilson da Silva. „Problema exterior de Dirichlet para a equação das superfícies de curvatura média constante no espaço hiperbólico“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180751.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this paper we show that given an exterior domain of class C0 contained in an umbilical surface of H3; with constant mean curvature H 2 [0; 1); there exists a family of Killing graphs with constant mean curvature H: The boundary of each of these graphs is contained in this umbilical surface and the norm of the gradient of the function in the boundary can be prescribed by a certain value s 0:
SILVA, Pablo Egidio Lisboa da. „Problemas combinatórios condicionais: um olhar para o livro didático do ensino médio“. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15488.
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CAPES
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os livros didáticos de matemática aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do livro didático em 2012, que são voltados ao ensino médio, acerca dos problemas combinatórios condicionais. Para tanto, apoiou-se na categorização elaborada por Borba e Braz, a qual coloca que, além dos invariantes de escolha e ordem, relata a existência também dos invariantes de posicionamento e/ou proximidade e os de explicitação (ou não), todos relacionados aos elementos pertencentes aos conjuntos que se pretende contar e/ou agrupar. A presente pesquisa fundamentou-se na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud que defende que um conceito é formado por um tripé composto pelas: Situações que dão significado ao conceito, pelos Invariantes que representam as diferentes propriedades do conceito e pelas representações simbólicas. Nesta dissertação defende-se que, quanto maior for o número de situações com que os alunos se deparam, ou seja, quanto maior for a diversidade dos problemas explorados pelos livros didáticos, haverá uma maior probabilidade de êxito na construção dos conceitos que se pretende ensinar. Sendo assim, considera-se que os problemas combinatórios condicionais constituem um arsenal de situações distintas, capazes de estimular os alunos a refletir sobre o problema, pois se este se constitui em um desafio, os alunos, de um modo geral, se sentem motivados a resolvê-lo. Os dados obtidos mostram que os problemas combinatórios estão concentrados nos livros do 2º ano do ensino médio. O levantamento quantitativo que procurou calcular o percentual de problemas combinatórios condicionais, em face aos problemas que não são condicionais, mostra, que as sete coleções analisadas apresentam percentuais que variam de 13,10% a 42,20% de problemas combinatórios condicionais. Desses problemas condicionais, os do tipo permutação, arranjo e combinação foram os mais explorados. Quanto aos tipos de Representações Simbólicas, a Árvore de Possibilidades e a Tabela foram as mais indicadas pelos autores dos livros em questão, embora não haja o incentivo para a utilização das mesmas. De forma geral, os problemas combinatórios condicionais abordaram contextos que faziam menção à organização de objetos em prateleiras, ou construção de anagramas (permutação); à criação de senhas ou de números com determinada quantidade de algarismos (arranjo) e à organização de comissões (combinação). As análises efetuadas no manual destinado especificamente ao professor mostraram a ausência de sugestões específicas que pudessem orientar o trabalho deste profissional em sala de aula ao trabalhar com os problemas combinatórios condicionais. Conclui-se então, que é considerável a quantidade de questões que trazem em seus enunciados, situações contextualizadas com a atividade diária dos alunos, possibilitando a instituição mais eficaz de um ou vários sentidos aos conceitos da combinatória.
This research aimed to analyze the mathematics textbooks approved by the National Textbook Program in 2012, which are directed to the high school, about conditional combinatorial Problems. Therefore, has relied on categorization developed by Borba and Braz, which posits that, in addition to choice and order invariant, reports the existence also of positioning and / or proximity invariant and the explanation (or not) all related to the elements belonging to the sets to be counted and /or group. This research was based on the Conceptual Fields Theory of Vergnaud who holds that a concept is formed by a tripod composed of: Situations that give meaning to the concept, by Invariant that represent the different property of concept and by the symbolic representations. In this dissertation argues that the greater the number of situations that students are faced, that is, the greater the diversity of problems exploited by textbooks, there will be a greater chance of success in the construction of concepts that intends to teach. Therefore, it is considered that the conditional combinatorial problems are an arsenal of different situations, able to stimulate students to think about the problem, because if this constitutes a challenge, students, in general, feel motivated to solve it. The data obtained show that the combinatorial problems are concentrated in the books of the 2nd year of high school. The quantitative survey that sought to calculate the percentage of conditional combinatorial problems, in the sight of problems that are not conditional, shows that the seven analyzed collections present percentages that range from 13.10% to 42.20% of conditional combinatorial problems. Of these conditional problems, the type permutation, arrangement and combination were the most exploited. Regarding the types of symbolic representations, the "possibilities tree" and Table were the most indicated by the authors of the books in question, although there is not the incentive to use them. In general, the conditional combinatorial problems have addressed contexts that made mention of arranging objects on shelving, or construction of anagrams (rotating); the creation of passwords or numbers with certain amount of digits (arrangement) and organizing commissions (combination). Analyses on the manual specific to the teacher showed the absence of specific suggestions that could guide the work of this professional in the classroom to work with conditional combinatorial problems. It is concluded, that there is a considerable amount of issues that bring in their utterances, situations contextualized with daily activity of the students, enabling more effective use of one or more senses to the concepts of combinatorics.
Brier, Christian de. „Problèmes médico-légaux rencontrés par les médecins de SOS médecins à Bordeaux dans leur pratique quotidienne“. Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndrade, Mariana Aparecida Bologna Soares de [UNESP]. „Possibilidades e limites da aprendizagem baseada em problemas no ensino médio“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90926.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As pesquisas sobre o ensino das ciências da natureza (Biologia, Física e Química) e propostas para essa área apontam para a necessidade do desenvolvimento da educação científica por meio de conteúdos contextualizados com o cotidiano dos alunos, com a história e filosofia da ciência e relação entre ciência/tecnologia/sociedade/ambiente (CTSA). Nesta perspectiva, o ensino de biologia vem sendo discutido em relação a forma como os conteúdos são apresentados possibilitando a compreensão da ciência integrada e relevante ao cotidiano dos alunos, às estratégias de ensino. Nessa discussão, um referencial presente tem sido a concepção construtivista de ensino e de aprendizagem, na qual os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos e o desenvolvimento de atividades que possibilitem a construção do conhecimento são valorizados. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP), desenvolvida inicialmente em escolas de medicina, é uma proposta na qual a aprendizagem acontece pela resolução de problemas com grupos pequenos de alunos acompanhados por um tutor. Os problemas na ABP são abertos e possibilitam a aprendizagem contextualizada de conteúdos científicos. Desta forma, a ABP pode trazer contribuições para o ensino de biologia. O desenvolvimento de uma proposta de ABP para o Enino Médio deve levar em considerações diferenças que existem entre esse nível de ensino e o nível universitário. Desta forma, objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar uma proposta de ABP para o ensino médio e suas contribuições para o ensino de biologia, identificando-se limitações e adequações necessárias para a organização das atividades nesse nível de ensino em escolas brasileiras. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi elaborado um ciclo com três problemas de zoologia, desenvolvido com dois grupos: um grupo de seis alunos (2005), uma turma da terceira série do ensino médio e a professora de biologia (2006).
Science education research and proposal for this area point to a necessity of develop a scientific education based on history of science, science/technology/society and students experiences contents. In this perspective, the discussions about biology education are being argued in relation of the form that contents are presented making possible the understanding of real science, the experience of pupils, and the education strategies. In this quarrel, a present referential has been the education and learning constructivism conception in which the previous knowledge of the pupils and the development of activities that make possible the constuction of the knowledge are valued. The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach the learning is center on students solving authentic problems in small groups under the guidance of a tutor. The problems in a PBL approach are ill-defined and make possible the learning of contextualized science contents. In such a way, the PBL can bring contributions for biology education. The development of a PBL approach for high school must reflect about the differences between this level and the university level and what need to be changed to make the science education possible. Thus, the goal of the present work was to analyze a PBL approach for high school and its contributions for the biology education, in the work we identified the limitations and adequacies for the organization of the activities in Brazilian schools. The research consist of a development and analyzes a cycle with three problems of zoology created and developed with two groups: 1- with six pupils (2005) a teacher and a 3th high scholl classroms students (2006). This qualitative research was characterized as a case study. The data was collected by questionnaires, interviews, comment and collection of material elaborated by the pupils.
Danet, Laetitia. „Les problèmes actuels des cliniques privées“. Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSantos, Leandro Costa dos [UNESP]. „A matemática financeira no ensino médio: uma abordagem do financiamento“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144200.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Matemática Financeira encontra-se cada vez mais presente no cotidiano do jovem. O mercado capitalista e o crescimento da economia são os principais propulsores desde anseio por conhecimento. Os livros didáticos e os professores vêm se adaptando a este novo cenário, contudo ainda existem lacunas que precisam ser preenchidas sobre o tema. Neste trabalho, o ensino da Matemática Financeira no Ensino Médio é o foco principal, especialmente a parte de financiamento, mostrando como normalmente os livros didáticos abordam tal assunto. Um estudo sobre a conexão entre conceitos matemáticos como Progressão Aritmética e Progressão Geométrica, e conceitos de Matemática Financeira como Juros Simples e Juros Compostos é apresentado. Além disso, sistemas de capitalização, como Tabela Price e SAC são discutidos e apresentadas suas vantagens e desvantagens. Conclui-se o trabalho relacionando a facilidade do jovem com a tecnologia e ferramentas de Matemática Financeira, como aplicativos e softwares, o que facilita a compreensão e aplicação do conteúdo.
Financial mathematics has being present in the juvenile’s routine. The capitalist market and the economy grown are the main drivers for this desire for knowledge. The didactic books and the professors are adapting to this new scenario, however still exist many points to be improved about this subject. In this work, the teaching of financial mathematics inside the college is the main subject, specially the financial issues problems, showing the didactic books approach. A study about connections between mathematic problems and financial issues are presented. Furthermore, capitalization problems, as Price Table are approached. In the conclusion of this work we exemplified some softwares to work with financial mathematics.
Kountouri, Fani. „L' agenda politique au quotidien : la construction des problèmes publics en Grèce“. Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010255.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFortane, Nicolas. „Genèse d’un problème public : les « addictions ». : D’un concept médical à une catégorie d’action publique ou la transformation des drug policies contemporaines“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt has been about twenty years that the addiction concept has been elaborated by some psychiatrists and neuroscientists in order to define dependence phenomena in a new way (by associating illicit drugs with alcohol and tobacco). Then it has been used for the first time in 1999 in a public policy in France, i.e. the three-year plan of the Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre la Drogue et la Toxicomanie (MILDT).The construction process of the “addiction” public problem constitutes this thesis subject. In which way the reconfiguration of some spaces of the medical and political fields is connected to the institutionalization of the addictological paradigm and how this one has led to transform contemporary drug policies? The “addiction” public problem emerged thanks to the political success of a small group of actors who transposed a medical concept into the language of public policy. In the continuation of harm reduction policies, addictions reshape the regulation model of drug use by promoting their sanitarization rather than their criminalization. Through a political and historical sociology of public policy, this thesis thus traces the genesis of French addictology and drug policies until the MILDT’s three-year plan of 1999
Alves, Marcio José. „O problema da incerteza na medida no ensino médio : uma proposta para o ensino“. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2447.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis present study approach “the problem of uncertainty in the measure of the high school” and propose a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) about the matter. The objective of this pedagogical proposal is to introduce concept related to the uncertainties inherent to the measurement processes, knowledge considered essential for a better understanding of the quantitative experiments. Participants of this study were Physics students from the 1st year of high school at the Adélia Dionísia Barbosa State School, in Londrina, Paraná State. The main findings of this study are: (i) it is possible to introduce concepts related to the uncertainties inherent in the measurement process in basic education; (ii) the PMTU and the experimentation, based on scientific education research, which also includes physics teaching, can contribute to the meaningful learning of the physical concepts and to the motivation of students in high school physics classes.
Malta, Gláucia Helena Sarmento. „Grafos no ensino médio: uma inserção possível“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14829.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main goal of this thesis is to present a proposal for the insertion of Graph Theory in High School. In order to do that, we present some principIes of Graph Theory and review some important writings about Problem Solving methodology. We will give a suggested practice done with two groups in the second year of High School, in a private school of Porto Alegre in 2006. Graph Theory has some aspects that deserve space in the curriculum of the Basic School. We will show a selection of possible activities to be implemented within a methodological perspective of Problem Solving. The choice for this methodological perspective in Mathematics Education is related to a practice in Mathematics Teaching that we believe contributes for a development of a more autonomous and creative person. A person that is and able to learn how to learn.
Bautheney, Katia Cristina Silva Forli. „Transtornos de aprendizagem: quando \"ir mal na escola\" torna-se um problema médico e/ou psicológico“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-13122011-124145/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe expression learning disorders may be found both in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 2000) and in the International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (DSM-IV, 2000) reference works, in Brazil, in the taxonomy of then so-called psychological disorders or disabilities. In their content, these texts present the description of symptoms and differential diagnosis of \"disorder\" that would appear for the first time in childhood or adolescence. Among these \"problems\" are those that involve the processes of learning and / or schooling. Part of the nosographic nomenclature used in these works are incorporated in the discourse of some educators to refer to barriers experienced by students in school, hiding in categories what is considered \"inappropriate\" behavior in these subjects. In this doctoral work, we analyze, from a Foucauldian perspective, different forms of articulation between knowledge and power as the basis for the emergence of concepts and guidance of praxis. We will try to draw, especially, one genealogy of the use of psychiatric discourse in education, on the assumption that there is an imaginary correspondence between madness and school failure, which will be demonstrated through the study of the consequences of this relationship in some teaching practices, especially writing reports on students who \"do poorly in school.\" In the first part of the thesis we will study how the diseases - nowadays understood as \"learning disorders\" come from categories that throughout the nineteenth century (which saw the emergence of modern psychiatry and experimental psychology) were considered a kind of madness in the form of idiocy and imbecility. We aim to highlight how the use of pedagogical practices taken as therapy or prophylaxis of mental disorders has allowed the introduction of psychiatric discourse to the schools. In the second part, in the light of the concept of psychiatric power formulated by Foucault, we will analyze the epistemological ground and the forces that allow the circulation of a medical and psychological discourse about school phenomena. The last part of the thesis will focus on the ways madness, mental illness, psychological disorder, \"inappropriate\" behavior, school failure and psychiatric discourse are produced. To exemplify this movement, we will use the analysis of documents and the reports about students with alleged learning problems that were produced as part of a school health service, located in a town of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, and collected from field research conducted between 2007 and 2010. This material will be analyzed in a qualitative approach, under the perspective of Albuquerque (1986) and Maingueneau (1997, 2008a, 2008b) of institutional analysis of discourse.At the end of this work, we will demonstrate how the circulation of the psychiatric speech in the field of education produces the emptying of the educative act and nurtures itself.
Horta, Fátima Maria Barbosa [UNIFESP]. „A sessão tutorial na ABP do curso médico da Unimontes: desafios e possibilidades“. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8850.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) tem na sessão tutorial sua característica central, já que grande parte da aprendizagem se dá dentro da tutoria. Ela é considerada um complexo ambiente no qual diferentes aspectos interagem. O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi analisar aspectos que influenciam a sessão tutorial, na óptica de tutores e estudantes do curso médico da UNIMONTES. Especificamente, nos propusemos a caracterizar como o processo de recuperação dos conhecimentos prévios, a integração conceitual, o estudo individual / autoaprendizagem, as interações, a formulação de problemas, a avaliação influenciam a sessão tutorial, e identificar atributos dos tutores e estudantes que facilitam ou dificultam o desenvolvimento tutorial. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram estudantes e tutores dos sexto e sétimo períodos do curso médico da UNIMONTES. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplicação de um questionário composto de questões abertas e fechadas estruturadas seguindo a Escala de Likert. O processo de sistematização e análise dos dados compreendeu a quantificação e representação por tabelas e gráficos das respostas às questões fechadas e a análise temática para as questões abertas. Os resultados evidenciaram que a recuperação dos conhecimentos prévios, a integração conceitual, o desenvolvimento da autonomia/auto-aprendizagem, a interação interpessoal, as características dos problemas e o processo avaliativo são aspectos que podem facilitar o desenvolvimento das sessões tutoriais, embora possuam nós críticos que precisam ser mais bem estudados, para aprimorar o processo de aprendizagem nas tutorias. Os atributos do tutor e do estudante, que influenciam positivamente a sessão tutorial, enfatizam as características pessoais de cada um, as competências didáticopedagógicas do tutor e as habilidades e atitudes do estudante com relação a sua formação. Foi observada uma pequena menção dos aspectos éticos-políticos na descrição dos atributos de ambos participantes. Aperfeiçoar o processo tutorial no método ABP, considerando as atuais demandas de inserção profissional do médico no sistema de saúde brasileiro, é um desafio que envolve o compromisso de estudantes, docentes, instituições e sociedade.
Problem-based learning (PBL) has in the tutorial session its main characteristic since a significant part of the learning process takes place inside it. It is considered a complex environment in which different aspects interact. The main goal of this study is to analyze the aspects that influence the tutorial session, in the view of tutors and students of the medical course of UNIMONTES. Specifically, we have proposed to characterize how the process of retrieving previous knowledge, conceptual integration, individual study/self-learning, interactions, formulation of problems and assessment influence the tutorial session, and to identify tutor’s and student’s attributes which facilitate or hinder the tutorial development. The subjects of the study were students and tutors from the sixth and seventh periods of the medical course of UNIMONTES. Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire composed of open and closed questions structured according to the Likert scale. The data systematization and analysis process comprised qualification and representation of the answers to the open questions in tables and charts. The results have evidenced that the retrieval of previous knowledge, conceptual integration, autonomy/self-learning development, interpersonal interaction, the characteristics of the problems and the assessment process have aspects that can facilitate the development of the tutorial sessions, although they have critical knots that need to be further studied in order to improve the learning process in the tutorials. The tutors’ and students’ attributes which influence positively the tutorial session emphasize each one’s personal characteristics, the tutor’s didactic-pedagogical competences and the student’s skills and attitudes toward his or her education. A little mention of the ethical-political aspects was observed in the description of attributes of both participants. Improving the tutorial process in the PBL method, taking into account the current demands for the insertion of the professional doctor in the Brazilian health system, is a challenge that involves the commitment of students, faculty, institutions and society.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Auboussier, Julien. „L’antimondialisation dans la presse écrite française : événement, problème public et discours social“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the global justice movement –“altermondialisation”- in the French press. The first part precises the theoretical perspective used when we study the media discourses. The notions of frame and framing are presented and adopted. They encourage to give up the approaches of media discourses which are discussed in terms’ of “representation of” and to recognize their power in the foundation of the common world. The part B is about the global justice movement like an event. Indeed, it’s through and by the event that the movement appears and finds, after the Seattle summit in 1999, a consistence and an esthetic in the mediated public sphere. Then, it’s through the paradigm of events that the global justice movement finds his identity and story and becomes a political actor. The part C concerns the year 2001. The violence becomes a problem. In July, violent fights between demonstrators and the Italian police end with the death of a young man. In September, it‘s the terrorist attack against the Twin towers in New York. The events are both studied through the consequences they have on the media discourses which deal with the global justice movement.In the last part, we analyze “altermondialisation” like a specific social discourse and his spread and circulation –his triviality- in the global social discourse
Natti, Érica Regina Takano. „Extensão da Aproximação de Campo Médio para a Evolução de Sistemas Férmion-Bóson“. Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-05122013-184323/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we study the extension of the mean-field approximation, given an initial condition, to the time evolution of a fermion-boson system. We use a time-dependent projection where we obtain kinetic-type equations for the set of one-body variables. First, we study the Jaynes-Cummings model which describes the interaction of the matter represented by the two-level system with the radiation represented by the normal mode of the quantized radiation field. We obtain the mean-field dynamics of the system and using the projection technique, we evaluate corrections to this mean-field description. Relevance of the Jaynes-Cummings model stems from the fact that, besides being soluble which possibilities compare our results with the exact solution, it can be seen as corresponding to the relativistic scalar plasma in zero spatial dimensions. Next, we study the relativistic scalar plasma. This quantum field theory describes a system of spin-1/2 fermions interacting through the exchange of scalar particles via a Yukawa-type interaction. In the study of the relativistic scalar plasma, we obtain the mean-field dynamics and from the static solution, we renormalize the theory. Finally, we study the small oscillations regime obtaining analytical solution for one-body variables. We have also examined the condition for the existence of bound-state in this case.
Jacquez, Lise. „La controverse autour des expulsions de sans-papiers dans la presse française (2006-2010) : analyse des discours et des enjeux sociopolitiques“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20113/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research concerns the controversy over the deportation of foreign nationals in irregular or illegal situation in France between 2006 and 2010, as well as the mediatisation of this controversy in five national French newspapers: l'Humanité, Libération, Le Figaro, Le Monde and Le Parisien (national edition). The main goal is to understand the socio-political issues structuring the discourses offered by the various social actors that take part in this controversy in the public sphere : the government, activists and advocates for migrants' rights, and the media. This research focuses in particular on ascertaining whether the security-centred management of migratory flows is debated in media discourses.The argument is divided into three parts. The first part gives historical perspective to the position of foreign nationals in the French nation state from the French Revolution to the end of the twentieth century. It illuminates the political difficulties that appear when conceiving of the rights and the position of migrants in a world made of nation states. The second part describes and analyses the political positioning as well as the discourses of the main social actors taking part in the debates on irregular and illegal migration; looking at the state on the one hand, and activist movements on the other. Finally, the third part proposes an analysis of the role played by French newspapers in the construction of the controversy over deportations. The corpus consists of 2602 press articles, which are firstly quantitatively analysed with the help of software Modalisa, and then approached qualitatively (narrative, iconic and argumentative analyses).This research conclusions focus on the interpretative frames most used in newspapers' discourses. It discusses the way these discourses encounter difficulties not only in elaborating a coherent and ambitious editorial line regarding migration, but also in retaining a certain autonomy in relation to political discourses. The conclusions show firstly that there is a clear lack of consensus concerning the increasing repression of illegal migrants, amounting to a real controversy in French newspapers. However, despite this denunciation, newspapers find it difficult both to take a political stand on the situation of illegal migrants, and to mobilise arguments against security-based discourses. Indeed, in order to eschew these approaches focusing on security, newspapers are often limited to invoking humanitarian principles and moral values, and to focusing on the integration (whether it be social, educative, professional) of illegal migrants in French society
Heil, Aline 1982, Neide de Melo Aguiar 1958 Silva und Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais e. Matemática. „O uso de situações problema em matemática :um estudo sobre sólidos geométricos no ensino médio /“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2012. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2012/351436_1_1.PDF.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais e Matemática.