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1
Brorsson, Anna, Louise Nygard und annika Ohman. „ACCESS TO EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC SPACE - VIEWS OF PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S774—S775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2847.
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Abstract People with dementia value staying active and continuing with their everyday lives in public space, however there is a lack of knowledge about how they experience accessibility, problematic situations and how to manage these situations. The aim is to illuminate experiences of accessibility in public space in people with dementia with focus on places, activities and problematic situations. A Grounded theory approach was used in the thesis with multiple data collection methods (interviews, focus group interviews, observations and visual methods). Findings show that having access to everyday activities at different places in the neighbourhood was very important for the participants when they perceived themselves as being a part of the society and being active and independent persons. Engaging in familiar activities in familiar places was important. However, their activity radii in the community became smaller. The findings inspired the development of the questionnaire Participation in Activities and Places Outside Home.
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Herrick, Clare. „When places come first: suffering, archetypal space and the problematic production of global health“. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 42, Nr. 4 (18.06.2017): 530–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12186.
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Dematagoda, Udith. „Revenge of the Nerds: Recidivist Masculinity, Identity Politics and the Online ‘Culture Wars’“. Journal of Extreme Anthropology 1, Nr. 3 (03.10.2017): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.5359.
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This paper is longform commentary and analysis of Angela Nagle's recent work Kill All Normies Online culture wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the alt-right. It explores the work's relevance to 'Extreme Masculinties', and places it within the context of the contemporary poltiical situation. The work's main thesis on the aesthetic and libidinal forms and characteristics of the 'Alt-Right' are heavily interrogated and placed within the historical context of previous 'crises' in masculinity. This analysis proceeds to further explore the existence of this contemporary crisis through the broader spectrum of identity politics, and its problematic ideological conflicts and consequences.
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Onyusheva, Irina, und Etiopia Elisa Changjongpradit. „PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT“. EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, Nr. 3(10) (15.06.2018): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.3(10).2018.52-60.
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This paper discusses the expansion of cross-cultural communication in today’s business world along with the cultural structures from two main school of cross-cultural communication. The key aim was providing a clearer view on this problem so that to assist in dealing with cultural differences in work places and in business environment overall. The authors investigated the factors that cause issues in a multicultural workplace and how organization management should approach these matters along with why it is important to have such knowledge and promote cross-cultural communication. Detailed recommendations are also provided on how to minimize communication conflicts in the international business settings.
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Reiling, Denise M., und Michael R. Nusbaumer. „When Problem Servers Pour in Problematic Places: Alcoholic Beverage Servers' Willingness to Serve Patrons Beyond Intoxication“. Substance Use & Misuse 41, Nr. 5 (Januar 2006): 653–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080500411288.
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Woznicki, Christopher. „Dancing around the Black Box“. Philosophia Christi 22, Nr. 1 (2020): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pc20202218.
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Giving the impression that perichoresis solves the “threeness-oneness problem” or the “two natures–one person problem” without an explanation of how perichoresis works is problematic; as such, an explanation of perichoresis ought to be provided. I provide one way to address this problem by drawing upon the work of Eleonore Stump. In contrast to approaches that avoid the metaphysics of perichoresis I provide an account of the metaphysics of perichoresis and suggest that a Stump-inspired account of perichoresis—that is, an account that places an emphasis on the notion of sharing some aspect of the mental life—deserves serious attention by those who feel the weight of the problematic use of perichoresis.
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Clark, Elena Pedigo. „"Many Lands Have I Left Behind Me": E. A. Baratynskii’s Quest for Happiness in Finland, Italy, and the Homeland“. Poljarnyj vestnik 17 (13.11.2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.2994.
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This article examines the poetry of E.A. Baratynskii about three specific places: Finland, the homeland (i.e. Russia), and Italy. It is the contention of this article that these place-specific poems form a contrast to Baratynskii's other poetry, and allow his poetic persona to resolve conflicts that remain unresolved in the majority of his oeuvre. In particular, this article discusses the ways in which these three places form three different "realms of the dead" or areas of contact with the divine or the supernatural, thus allowing the poet to transcend the binary conflict between intellect and feeling, and science and nature, that is so problematic for his poetic persona.
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Booth, Kate. „Thinking through lines: locating perception and experience in place“. Qualitative Research 18, Nr. 3 (03.08.2017): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794117722826.
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How one conceptualizes place in research matters. I offer a ‘line analysis’ informed by Ingold’s idea that places are ‘tissues of lines’ and argue that this enables reflexivity with regards to what counts as ‘place’, adds legitimacy to the claim that places really do matter in research, and assists in representing places as a socio-natural phenomenon that cannot be compartmentalized or reduced to a humanist understanding of the social. I trial this analysis by drawing upon interviews and focus groups with people living in the vicinity of the Museum of Old and New Art (Mona). I use references made about lines of various kinds to create a narrative that locates Mona within the everyday lives of local residents. I conclude that this museum’s impact of is more mundane than the social transformation envisaged in the Bilbao Effect as this ‘effect’ relies upon a problematic and unexamined conceptualisation of place.
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Ellison, Andrew, Graham Squires und Patrick Dempsey. „The problematic differentiation between property bonds and leases in healthcare provision“. Property Management 33, Nr. 1 (16.02.2015): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-10-2013-0051.
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Purpose – There are some 487,000 places in long-stay residential care and nursing homes in the UK representing an industry worth some £15.2 billion per annum. Creating leases with guaranteed rental uplifts, a property bond in all but name, now attracts significant investment into healthcare. This is argued to be unsustainable, as evidenced by the collapse of Southern Cross Healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into institutional investment for sustainable healthcare provision. Design/methodology/approach – It is carried out via a range of unstructured and semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of a small elite of professionals involved at the summit of this investment market and analysis of secondary literature concerning the wider international property market regarding the way in which advisers and investors view the security and value of these new instruments. Findings – It is found that the differentiation between rental growth and indexed rental uplifts reveal a misunderstanding of the nature of the investment vehicles currently being marketed. Practical implications – The implication of the research, is that much modern private healthcare provision is financially unsustainable, as has begun to be recognised in recent government regulation and guidance. Originality/value – This research provides new and original insight into institutional investment for sustainable healthcare provision
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Barvika, Sarmīte, Edgars Bondars und Santa Bondare. „Contemporary Challenges in Planning for Shrinkage of Historic Places: A Review“. Architecture and Urban Planning 14, Nr. 1 (01.12.2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2018-0018.
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Abstract Urban shrinkage is among of the most dangerous current risks for the preservation of liveability (e.g. residential function) in formerly prosperous historical residential and industrial districts. The planning for shrinkage emerged only in the 21st century in order to manage and prevent growing urban decay, depopulation and housing crisis through the application of smart structural adjustment policies and planning instruments for formerly heavily industrialised North American and Asian cities. Both shrinkage and liveability planning are still very “fuzzy” concepts and have been applied in ways that are not always consistent (e.g. for measuring decline, migration, demographics). However, remains the question of what (methods or approaches) would prevent (control) this well-known but evidently “wicked” and still less explored phenomenon of “loss of liveability” in a historical built environment. This paper aims to review the urban shrinkage and liveability problematic and prevention solutions (methods) based on studies of theory and practice of urban planning.
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Stenton, Douglas R., und Robert W. Park. „History, Oral History and Archaeology: Reinterpreting the “Boat Places” of Erebus Bay“. ARCTIC 70, Nr. 2 (31.05.2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4649.
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Historical and archaeological records are examined for three archaeological sites at Erebus Bay, King William Island, associated with the 1845 John Franklin expedition. Comparison of 19th century historical descriptions with archaeological data from sites NgLj-1 and NgLj-3 establishes that the identification of NgLj-1 as the site of the 1859 McClintock “boat place” is incorrect and that NgLj-3 is the actual site. An assessment of 19th century oral historical information and contemporary archaeological data from NgLj-2 supports the conclusion that a ship’s boat from the Franklin expedition was once located at the site, but its identification as the second “boat place” discovered by Inuit in 1861 is problematic. The study underscores interpretive risks associated with uncritical acceptance of historical and oral historical accounts and the importance of archaeological research in the reconstruction of events surrounding the fate of the Franklin expedition.
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Cisneros, Natalie. „“Alien” Sexuality: Race, Maternity, and Citizenship“. Hypatia 28, Nr. 2 (2013): 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12023.
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In this paper, I provide an analysis of the emergence of “problematic of alien sexuality.” I first locate discourses about “alien sexuality,” and the so‐called anchor baby in particular, within other national discourses surrounding maternity, the fetus, and citizenship. I analyze the ways that national political discourses surrounding “anchor babies” and “alien maternity” construct the “problematic of alien sexuality,” thus constituting the “alien” subject as always‐already perverse. I suggest that this production of a sexually deviant and threatening “alien” subject functions in the normative dichotomy that places the sexually pure citizen on the one hand, and the perverse anticitizen on the other, in what I call “backwards uncitizening.” My analysis of this process shows that the perverse “alien” subject, as constituted in significant part by nonjuridical normalizing mechanisms of biopower, resists the juridical discourse that is supposed to determine it.
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Tatano Beck, Cheryl. „Pentadic Cartography: Mapping Postpartum Psychosis Narratives“. Qualitative Health Research 30, Nr. 12 (10.07.2020): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320938357.
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Writing online narratives of postpartum psychosis allows both self-analysis and catharsis and can also be viewed as a type of sociopolitical expression. Eight narratives posted on the Action on Postpartum Psychosis website were analyzed using Burke’s narrative analysis. This method focuses on a pentad of key elements of story: scene, act, purpose, agent, and agency. What drives this narrative analysis is the identification of problematic areas referred to as ratio imbalances between any two of these five terms. The ratio imbalance between Agent and Act appeared most often in these eight narratives. The agent was the mother and the act most often was either her hallucinations or delusions. The second most frequent area of tension was between Scene and Agent. Problematic scenes for the agent (mother) involved admission to the psychiatric ward, entering the electroconvulsive therapy room, or nighttime. These ratio imbalances pinpoint places where clinicians can target specific interventions.
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Stemp, W. James, und Jaime J. Awe. „POINT COUNTER POINT: INTERPRETING CHIPPED CHERT BIFACES IN TERMINAL CLASSIC “PROBLEMATIC” ON-FLOOR DEPOSITS FROM STRUCTURES A2 AND A3 AT CAHAL PECH, BELIZE“. Ancient Mesoamerica 31, Nr. 1 (2020): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536119000075.
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AbstractProblematic deposits, containing different types of artifacts and skeletal remains, are typically recovered on or near the surfaces of the terminal phase of elite civic-ceremonial architecture at ancient Maya sites. These contexts often date to the Terminal Classic period (~a.d. 750–900). They have been variously interpreted as evidence for site abandonment, squatting, warfare, or dedication or termination rituals. Sixteen chert bifaces were recovered from problematic deposits at the bases of Structures A2 and A3 in the elite Plaza A at Cahal Pech, Belize. Stone tools from problematic deposits are rarely examined in significant detail. Based on stylistic, metric, and use-wear analyses, the bifaces were likely produced locally, used during important hunting or warfare activities, and then ritually deposited in the Terminal Classic. These bifaces were likely hafted to spearthrower darts and represented “success” at hunting or fighting. The recovery of weaponry in problematic deposits that is not the direct result of warfare is an important observation because Mayanists have generally interpreted their presence in these contexts as evidence of warfare. The fact that the points were recovered in groups of seven and nine may indicate that they had important symbolic meanings that connected them to supernatural or mythological places or entities.
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Facchini, François. „Political ideological shift: A theoretical approach“. Social Science Information 55, Nr. 4 (09.07.2016): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018416658149.
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The author explains ideological change using a theory justifying an individual’s grounds for action. If an individual prefers ideology A to ideology B, it is because the costs of justifying A are less than the costs of justifying B. On this basis, the dynamic behind ideologies is explained partly by their justification context and partly by rises in justification costs. The context for their rationale plays a not insignificant role, as it qualifies the type of event capable of generating a change. An event generates a change because it makes an ideology problematic and places the individual in a situation of cognitive dissonance. This event is an experiment in an empiricist justification context, a logical factor in a rationalist context and an interpretative inconsistency in a religious context. The event that generates change is qualified thus; it might be argued that an event makes an ideology problematic when it increases its justification costs. Logically, its rationale costs should increase with the quality of alternative ideologies, the position of scientific or religious authorities – depending on the rationale context – the number of people who decide to revise their ideology or to abandon it, and the entire body of knowledge deemed to be non-problematic by individuals.
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Westoby, Ross, Rachel Clissold und Karen E. McNamara. „Alternative Entry Points for Adaptation: Examples from Vanuatu“. Weather, Climate, and Society 13, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0064.1.
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AbstractAs climate change accelerates, effective adaptation is an urgent and unavoidable priority. Bottom-up approaches such as community-based adaptation have been portrayed as the panacea. Recent studies are, however, highlighting the ongoing and inherent issues with normative “community” conceptualizations that assume a geographically bound, temporally fixed, and harmonious unit. Despite documentation on the negative impact these problematic assumptions can have on adaptation outcomes, adaptation at the community scale remains the preferred option for project delivery in highly exposed places such as the Pacific Islands region. More creative entry points that are less charged with problematic assumptions are needed at the local scale. This paper draws from three examples in Vanuatu to offer compelling alternative entry points for adaptation: 1) a rural technical college embedded within an Anglican mission village, 2) a whole-of-island approach, and 3) the “collective of vendors” at marketplaces. We offer hope by identifying ways to expand on and complement existing, restricted notions of community and, through this, to improve adaptation outcomes.
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Dzienniak-Paulina, Daniela. „On the necessity of activities of Public Relations in social work“. Praca Socjalna 33, Nr. 6 (31.12.2018): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1725.
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In the article, the author undertakes to point out the most problematic places in the functioning of social assis-tance institutions in relation to the image they create. He indicates the need to introduce thinking and changes in the field of Public Relations activities that could help social welfare institutions strengthen their image, better cope with crisis situations. The author shows why such issues as internal communication, visual identification, responsibility for image or cooperation with local institutions and the local community can be a way to better functioning and more effective and more satisfying work.
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Klosok-Bazan, Iwona, Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka, Vincenzo Naddeo und Alina Domanowska. „Tap water as a source of indoor radon in houses“. MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401034.
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Outdoors, radon is quickly diluted to very low, not problematic concentrations but indoors, it can concentrate significantly. Places that are particularly exposed to an increased radon concentration from water sources are places where water is dispersed, e.g. bathrooms or areas in water treatment facilities. The aim of the paper is to present the calculation of radon escaping from water into the indoor area at home on the example of Mokre village. Mokre is supplied with water from an underground source containing radon 222 Rn in concentration of about 200 Bq/L. The obtained data has been compared with WHO recommendation (WHO, 2009) and literature review. Considering that 300 Bq·m-3 are equivalent to 10 mSv per year, which is equal to receiving approximately an annual full chest CT (computed tomography), the risk resulting from the emission of radon from tap water in Mokre has been assessed to be insignificant.
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Richardson, Fiona M., Michael S. C. Thomas und Cathy J. Price. „Neuronal Activation for Semantically Reversible Sentences“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, Nr. 6 (Juni 2010): 1283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21277.
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Semantically reversible sentences are prone to misinterpretation and take longer for typically developing children and adults to comprehend; they are also particularly problematic for those with language difficulties such as aphasia or Specific Language Impairment. In our study, we used fMRI to compare the processing of semantically reversible and nonreversible sentences in 41 healthy participants to identify how semantic reversibility influences neuronal activation. By including several linguistic and nonlinguistic conditions within our paradigm, we were also able to test whether the processing of semantically reversible sentences places additional load on sentence-specific processing, such as syntactic processing and syntactic-semantic integration, or on phonological working memory. Our results identified increased activation for reversible sentences in a region on the left temporal–parietal boundary, which was also activated when the same group of participants carried out an articulation task which involved saying “one, three” repeatedly. We conclude that the processing of semantically reversible sentences places additional demands on the subarticulation component of phonological working memory.
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Brorsson, Anna, Annika Öhman, Stefan Lundberg und Louise Nygård. „Accessibility in public space as perceived by people with Alzheimer’s disease“. Dementia 10, Nr. 4 (11.08.2011): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301211415314.
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Most people with dementia remain living at home as long as possible after being diagnosed, and hence their lives also include activities in the public space. The aim of this study was to illuminate experiences of accessibility in public space in people with Alzheimer’s disease. A qualitative grounded theory approach with repeated in-depth interviews was used. The core category, accessibility as a constantly changing experience, was characterized by changes in the relationship between informants and public space. Changes in the relationship took place in activities and use of place and related to familiarity and comfort, individual motives and interests, and planning and protecting. Other changes occurred in places and problematic situations related to everyday technologies, crowded places with high tempo and noise, and change of landmarks. These changes reduced feelings of accessibility and increased difficulties in carrying out activities in public space. These findings may be helpful when providing support, and supporting community living.
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Afanasyeva, Olga, Maria Goncharova und Valentina Shiyan. „The Condition and Trends of Crimes Committed in Public Places“. Russian Journal of Criminology 13, Nr. 6 (26.12.2019): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(6).895-908.
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The success of prevention greatly depends on its proper support by research. In the present situation with crime counteraction, it is impossible to achieve substantial results without using the advances of research. Criminological research of different types of crimes makes it possible to focus on their specific features. The authors of the article analyze the current situation with crimes committed in public places and their trends. It is noted that a third of all crimes in official statistics was committed in public places; their structure is dominated by theft, plunder and illegal drug trade. The general reduction of the level of crime in public places, characteristic for 2016, was accompanied by a growth in the number of crimes in the sphere of illegal trade in arms, drugs, and the number of thefts. The authors pay special attention to street crimes (summarize criminological approaches to the concept of «street crime», show its dynamics, structure, consequences, influence on the situation with public order and public safety, socio-psychological state of the society and the assessment of the work of the police). The results of researching crimes in public places at the regional level are presented. Using the analysis of statistical data from State Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the authors state that the Central Federal District is one of the most problematic from the criminal viewpoint in the country. A high coefficient of crimes in public places is observed in the Siberian, Far East, Ural Federal Districts. Key modern trends of crimes in public places include: a dominant share of crimes against property; unlawful use of modern information and communication technologies for criminal purposes; links with transnational organized crime; a steady trend for a younger age of persons who commit crimes of this type. The results of the conducted research make it possible to determine new criminal challenges, identify priorities of preventive work, use and develop measures aimed at improving the counteraction not only to crimes in public places, but to crimes in general.
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Flores, Víctor A., Wenceslao Eduardo Rodríguez, Adolfo Josue Rodríguez, Efraín Jaime, Oshiel Martínez und M. Zúñiga. „Low Cost Irrigation System for Domestic Crops Based on Arduino Uno and LabView“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 811 (November 2015): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.811.189.
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This research stems from the problematic present in many places in the World and more specifically where the members of this work lives: Tamaulipas (in the North of Mexico), it is one of the most important agricultural area in the country, but a serious problem in the region are the high temperatures around 40-45 Celsius degrees and the long periods of drought due to lack of rain [1], which is why a low-cost irrigation system for domestic crops based on rainwater storage is proposed using Arduino Uno as a control device for the electronic driver´s with the LabView as monitoring platform
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Sinner, Alejandro G., und Víctor Revilla Calvo. „Rural religion, religious places and local identities in Hispania: the sanctuary at Can Modolell (Cabrera de Mar, Barcelona)“. Journal of Roman Archaeology 30 (2017): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400074110.
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Rural cults are an aspect of the religion and culture of Roman Hispania that it is especially difficult to analyze given the paucity of epigraphic and archaeological evidence. This is quite a recent area of research; in addition, we are dealing with often modest religious practices that are difficult to identify in the archaeological record. Particularly problematic is the lack of information regarding cult places, despite the contribution made by some pioneering studies; yet the main problem has been the dominance of a paradigm that defines rural religion as a marginal space for social life, one that followed its own evolutionary rhythm influenced by a resistance to change. According to this paradigm, rural cults seem to comprise an unsystematic accumulation of traditional ritual practices whose preferred sphere of action would have been private.
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Shedinger, Robert F. „A Note on the Variant Form of the Shema in the Writings of Justin Martyr“. Harvard Theological Review 93, Nr. 2 (April 2000): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000016758.
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In three places in the extant works of Justin Martyr, Justin quotes the Shema (Deut 6:4–5) in a variant form found in no known Jewish witness to this common Jewish liturgical prayer. In place of the familiar tripartite formula “with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength,” Justin preserves the bipartite formula “with all your heart and with all your strength” (⋯ξ ὃλης τ⋯ς καρíας σου καì ⋯ξ ὃλης τ⋯ς ἰσχύος σου). William L. Petersen, in several publications, has suggested that Justin may preserve “the oldest recoverable version of the Shema, a version which deviates from that found in either the present Hebrew Bible (MT or LXX) or the New Testament.” Since Justin's variant form of the Shema occurs in three places in his own works as well as a few other early Christian sources, the bipartite formula cannot simply be a mistake but must preserve an authentic alternate tradition. But is it the “earliest recoverable version” as Petersen suggests? This assertion is problematic on two counts.
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Nekolný, Lukáš, und Dana Fialová. „Zoo Tourism: What Actually Is a Zoo?“ Czech Journal of Tourism 7, Nr. 2 (01.12.2018): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2018-0008.
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Abstract Zoos are one of the most visited tourist attractions worldwide - we should perceive them, therefore, not only as places where animals are kept, but also as places frequented by large numbers of people. This is why we talk of zoo tourism. However, there are different definitions of a zoo. This wide range of possible approaches to what actually the zoo is poses a major methodological problem for the research analysis as well as for the zoo management and related legislation. Zoos are historically and socially determined. We can talk not only about the evolution of zoos but also about the co-evolution of zoos alongside many types of zoos. Nowadays, there is no doubt that there is a large number of modern and naturalistic zoos oriented on conservation, but there are also many zoos designed as popular animal-based attractions where animals live in unsuitable conditions. The principal aim of this article is to introduce and discuss problematic approaches to what zoos are and to suggest a use of a wider zoo definition.
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Hill, Allen. „The Place of Experience and the Experience of Place: Intersections Between Sustainability Education and Outdoor Learning“. Australian Journal of Environmental Education 29, Nr. 1 (Juli 2013): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2013.13.
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AbstractAs social, economic and environmental issues have become more prominent in the 21st century, there has been increased critical scrutiny into the ways that outdoor learning interacts with sustainability issues and concepts. As a result, a number of discourses have emerged which interrogate human/nature relationships in traditional outdoor education and propose greater engagement with place-responsive or sustainable approaches. Drawing on research with teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article explores possible intersections between sustainability education outdoor learning. Accordingly, this article focuses on two key ideas: First, the nexus of experience and place offers significant promise for educational endeavours that seek to educate for a sustainable future. Second, traditional conceptions of wilderness as a pedagogical site, can be problematic for outdoor education programs which seek to claim the ground of sustainability. While there is much that can be gained from journeys in remote pristine environments, not all of these experiences necessarily lead to the development of attitudes, understandings, skills, and motivation to live more sustainably. Furthermore, approaches to outdoor learning that seek to develop connection to and care for remote, pristine places, at the same time ignoring more local or impacted places, could present a dichotomous view of ‘nature’ to students, thereby disrupting efforts to educate for sustainability.
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Petersen, Eva Bendix. „‘Data found us’: A critique of some new materialist tropes in educational research“. Research in Education 101, Nr. 1 (August 2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034523718792161.
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New materialist and posthuman research methodologies are quickly gaining traction in educational research. According to its proponents, new materialism takes us to radically new places of praxis as it reconfigures central notions such as data, researcher positioning and critique. Here I consider how the notion of ‘data’ is invoked in an example of new materialist research by education scholars. Through this critique, I come to question the extent to which the approach constitutes a reconfiguration or whether, instead, it is continuous with some old and problematic tropes. I wonder if the positioning of data as supremely agentic elides the new materialist insistence on intra-action and discuss some of the implications of that including the depoliticisation it entails.
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Chung, Namho. „Korean Adolescent Girls' Addictive Use of Mobile Phones to Maintain Interpersonal Solidarity“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, Nr. 10 (01.11.2011): 1349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.10.1349.
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In this study it was predicted that there would be a close relationship between the use of mobile phones and the maintenance of interpersonal solidarity. The relationship between the addictive use of mobile phones and the maintenance of interpersonal solidarity was empirically analyzed among 188 female adolescents. The results showed that those who have a greater tendency to be addicted sent numerous text messages from places such as schools, where the excessive use of mobile phones can be a problem; furthermore, this group used such behavior to maintain interpersonal solidarity. These findings suggest that it is important to try to understand the causes of adolescent girls' use of mobile phones and to suggest alternatives to problematic behavior.
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Ito, Mio. „Construction of depopulated area model of communication about dementia care“. Impact 2020, Nr. 9 (30.12.2020): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.9.40.
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In Japan there are remote villages, mountainous areas and islands where the population includes people who are extremely old. Owing to the remoteness of these places, there are very few long-term care insurance services and medical institutions meaning that the residents often have no choice but to support each other. This situation is particularly problematic for people with dementia. Caring for dementia patients requires specialised knowledge which is often beyond the residents of depopulated areas in Japan. It is with this in mind that Associate Professor Mio Ito has joined forces with Dr Chiho Shimada and Dr Ryo Hirayama to improve care and communication for persons with dementia in depopulated areas.
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Hodgkinson, Tarah, Gregory Saville und Martin A. Andresen. „The Diffusion of Detriment: Tracking Displacement Using a City-Wide Mixed Methods Approach“. British Journal of Criminology 60, Nr. 1 (19.04.2019): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz025.
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Abstract Crime reduction strategies are often faced with the criticism of crime displacement. Conversely, criminologists find that reductions in crime in one area have a ‘diffusion of benefits’ to surrounding areas. However, these findings are limited due to a lack of extensive longitudinal data and qualitative data that provide context. We examine a natural experiment in displacement: the removal of a convergence setting in which calls for service immediately declined. However, other areas emerged as problematic and, in some places, crime increased dramatically. Using a qualitatively informed trajectory analysis, we examine whether the removal of a convergence setting results in displacement across the entire city. We discuss the implications for opportunity theories and prevention strategies.
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Егорова, Татьяна Игоревна. „PUBLIC DANGER OF ENCROACHMENT AND QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES COMMITTED IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY“. Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Право, Nr. 1(65) (23.03.2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpravo/2021.1.045.
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В статье анализируются проблемные аспекты отражения общественной опасности в конструкции составов преступлений в связи с квалификацией деяний, совершенных в местах лишения свободы. Обосновывается повышенная социальная значимость обеспечения порядка отбывания наказания и правоприменения в рассматриваемой сфере. Данное обстоятельство предопределяет необходимость установления специальных правовых конструкций обеспечения безопасности и эффективности пенитенциарного процесса. Наиболее наглядно особенности общественной опасности и квалификации преступлений, совершенных в местах лишения свободы, находят отражение в составах дезорганизации деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, и незаконного оборота наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их аналогов. The article analyzes the problematic aspects of the reflection of public danger in the construction of crimes in connection with the qualification of acts committed in places of deprivation of liberty. The article substantiates the increased social significance of ensuring the order of serving sentences and law enforcement in this area. This circumstance determines the need to establish special legal structures to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the penitentiary process. Most clearly, the features of public danger and the qualification of crimes committed in places of deprivation of liberty are reflected in the elements of disorganization of the activities of institutions that provide isolation from society, and illegal trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues.
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Bartłomiejczyk, Mikołaj, und Marcin Połom. „Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia“. Infrastructures 6, Nr. 4 (19.04.2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6040061.
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The current developments in onboard power source technology, in particular, traction batteries, open up new potential in trolleybus transport and also make it possible to introduce electric buses. Thus far, trolleybus transport has required the presence of overhead lines (OHL). Introducing trolleybuses with onboard batteries makes it possible to grow the zero-emissions transport network in places with limited power supply capabilities and low population density, or in places where building OHL would not be possible. This improves the efficiency of trolleybus transport and makes environmentally friendly public transport more accessible to the local citizens. Despite their obvious advantages, traction batteries can also be problematic, as the drivers may overuse them (e.g., in the event of pantograph failure), and the public transport authorities and transport companies may plan connections in an ineffective way without preparing the necessary infrastructure (the absence of slipways or automatic connection capabilities), which in turn leads to inefficient use of the OHL. The article outlines the operation of the trolleybus transport network in Gdynia. The use of traction batteries in regular connections is analysed, and the potential for electrification of the bus line, some sections of which follow the traction infrastructure, is examined.
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Arandelovic, Biljana. „The Neukoelln phenomenon: The recent move of an art scene in Berlin“. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 16, Nr. 2 (2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace170921024a.
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One of the positive developments in post-Wall Berlin was the emergence of an alternative art scene, with Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg having a leading position in the early 1990s among artists as the new centres of Berlin?s creative industries. Soon, Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg became places where highly commercial creative companies arrived, and for that reason the art scene moved to Kreuzberg-Friedrichshain after no longer being able to afford the increasing rents. Nowadays we are witnessing the move of the art scene to Neukoelln, one of Berlin?s most problematic districts, with higher than average total migration, ethnic tensions, poor socio-demographic indicators and a high crime rate. The art scene in this district is not as established as it was in Mitte. What is happening there right now is not about profit, it is more about the idea that something is going on at the moment. Thus, it is too early for final conclusions. How does the arrival of an art scene influence Berlin?s most problematic district and what is its possible future impact? For now, we have the redevelopment of Berlin?s Neukoelln district which will ultimately lead toward gentrification. The result of such a change is rising rents and anger from the older more established residents.
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Alexander, Isabella. „White Law, Black Art“. International Journal of Cultural Property 10, Nr. 2 (Januar 2001): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739101771305.
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This article examines the issues surrounding the appropriation of indigenous culture, in particular art. It discusses the nature and context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art in Australia in order to establish why appropriation and reproduction are important issues. The article outlines some of the ways in which the Australian legal system has attempted to address the problem and looks at the recent introduction of the Label of Authenticity. At the same time, the article places these issues in the context of indigenous self-determination and examines the problematic use of such concepts as “authenticity.” Finally, the article looks beyond the Label of Authenticity and existing law of intellectual and cultural property, to sketch another possible solution to the problem.
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Waltz, Kenneth N. „Evaluating Theories“. American Political Science Review 91, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1997): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952173.
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John Vasquez claims to follow Imre Lakatos but distorts his criteria for judging theories and evaluating research programs. Vasquez claims that facts observed can falsify a theory by showing that its predictions are wrong. He fails to consider the puzzles posed by the interdependence of theory and fact. He places all realists in a single paradigm despite the divergent assumptions of traditional and structural realists. In contrast to Vasquez, I argue that explanation, not prediction, is the ultimate criterion of good theory, that a theory can be validated only by working back and forth between its implications and an uncertain state of affairs that we take to be the reality against which theory is tested, and that the results of tests are always problematic.
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McNamara, Tim. „Tearing us apart again“. EUROSLA Yearbook 3 (28.08.2003): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.3.13mcn.
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Language testing research is an increasingly divided field, as it responds to the paradigm shifts in broader applied linguistics research. One the one hand, language testing validation research places a fundamental emphasis on the generalisability of results and the appropriateness of inferences based on observed learner performances. This involves a rigorous interrogation of the elicitation instruments, judgments, and observations used to make inferences about individual test takers. At the same time, input from non-measurement traditions are leading to the exploration of new insights into the limitations of such inferences, and to a greater understanding of the social values which imbue tests. This epistemological ferment is as much productive as problematic, and its implications extend to research in other areas of applied linguistics, including SLA.
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Yanti, Maria Evvy. „Integritas dalam Peribadatan Menurut Amos 4:4-5“. IMMANUEL: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 1, Nr. 1 (19.03.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46305/im.v1i1.8.
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Because of its nature Amos 4:4-5 as a part of 4:1-13 has been interpreted in many ways. Often it is linked to the holy places with sins of people. This kind of interpretation is problematic. First, while emphasizing the essence of worship in Amos 4:4-5, it has different situation. Second, this text contains many ideas, content and compilation. It shows a reading of Amos 4:4-5 in social historical as a setting. It also considers theological consequences of such a reading. The result of this research show the essence of worship in Amos 4:4-5 to develop the people characters and faith to God in developing their meaning life.
Abstrak: Teks Amos 4:4-5 sebagai bagian dari Amos 4:1-13 menimbulkan beberapa penafsiran. Dari beberapa penafsiran terdapat kecenderungan untuk mengaitkannya dengan tindakan kejahatan di tempat-tempat ibadah. Penafsiran ini problematis. Pertama, dengan menekankan pada esensi ibadah dalam Amos 4:4-5 dalam situasi teks yang berbeda. Kedua, teks-teks ini terdiri dari beberapa ide, isi dan penggabungan-penggabungan. Tulisan ini memperlihatkan sebuah pembacaan teks Amos 4:4-5 dalam setting sejarah social. Juga mempertimbangkan konsekuensi teologisnya. Hasil dari penelitian menekankan bahwa pemaknaan ibadah merupakan pembentukan karakter dan keimanan kepada Allah untuk mengembangkan kehidupan yang bermakna.
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Richmond, Karen. „Streamlined Forensic Reporting“. Journal of Criminal Law 82, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018318772701.
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The Criminal Justice System Efficiency Program aims to deal ‘promptly and efficiently’ with ‘low-level, straightforward cases’ in order to dispense ‘swift and sure justice’. To meet these objectives, the Ministry of Justice places a duty on defence solicitors to reduce the ‘costs and delay associated with forensic evidence’. It justifies its requirements with reference to the Criminal Procedure Rules, highlighting the need for solicitors to actively manage criminal cases, to take part in pre-trial hearings and to engage with forensic evidence through a new form of discourse: Streamlined Forensic Reporting (SFR). The SFR scheme operates ‘by taking a more proportionate approach to forensic evidence through the early preparation of a short report that details the key forensic evidence the prosecution intends to rely upon’. The aim is to avoid the costs associated with thorough forensic analysis by encouraging an early guilty plea. In circumstances where such a plea cannot be elicited, the scheme aims to secure agreement on forensic issues at the earliest stage. It places an obligation on the defence to identify these problematic areas. Drawing on comparative ethnographic research within the forensic science and criminal justice sectors, this article questions the safety or utility of these attenuated and instrumental forms of ‘efficient’ forensic discourse. It demonstrates that streamlined reports are often compiled by non-expert administrators, lack contextual evaluation or technical explanation and are frequently inaccurate or misleading. It asks whether the veiled and incremental approach to the issue of disclosure forms an adequate basis for proper scrutiny or legal challenge, and questions whether this scheme, which exhibits a marked ambivalence towards forensic expertise, may ultimately subvert the duty placed on the courts to place forensic evidence in its proper context.
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Andronikou, Michalis, und Friedemann Sallis. „Centring The Periphery: Local Identity in the Music of Theodore Antoniou and other Twentieth-Century Greek Composers“. Articles 33, Nr. 1 (12.06.2014): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025553ar.
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This study addresses aspects of local identity in the music of Theodore Antoniou and other Greek contemporary composers. It highlights misapprehensions and obsolete conceptions of historiography and aesthetics embedded in the use of terms such ascentreandperipheryorhigh-andlow-browstyles of music, respectively. An overview of the history of art music in Greece is attempted, for a better understanding of these issues in that context. The parallel reference to significant Western contemporary composers such as György Ligeti, Luigi Nono, and Mauricio Kagel supports the primary argument of the essay, which seeks fair treatment for all places that find themselves peripheral to a given centre. The case of Greece—one of the cradles of Western culture—is a unique example of a problematic approach typical of Western historiographies with regard “centres” and “peripheries” that needs to be corrected.
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Curtis, James L. „Tax Policy in Historical Perspective“. Journal of Policy History 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 1992): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600006400.
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Taxation is situated at the problematic intersection of two political constants: rulers need resources to govern, and the ruled are not eager to supply them. This dilemma is inherent in political organization and has engaged political leaders from despots to democrats; as a result, no policy area has a history longer than taxation. Despite this lengthy experience, however, an optimal strategy for resource extraction has not emerged. Across diverse countries and through time the essential goal of raising revenue has remained unchanged, but there is considerable disagreement about how to go about it. This poses a classic explanatory task for the student of public policy: the policy issue is a constant, but the policies vary—so what explains the variation? Why have policymakers made different choices at different times and places?
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Mittleman, Alan. „The Problem of Holiness“. Journal of Analytic Theology 3 (04.05.2015): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12978/jat.2015-3.001113120813.
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Holiness is an important but problematic concept for religious discourse. It is unclear what it means, both in classical texts and in contemporary usage. Holiness seems to signify a property in some cases and a relation in others. The Bible itself preserves a range of usages. Some of these are ontological: holiness as a would-be property inheres in objects, places, persons, or times. Other uses are imputed: holiness connotes a status that human beings ascribe to things. The range of use can be explicated by the concept of a social or institutional reality developed by Searle. Social facts entail valuations, intentions, and practices; they presuppose a basis of brute fact. A plausible contemporary view of holiness will link ontological and axiological commitments in such a way as to express the underlying goodness of being.
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McKeever, Andrea L., und James W. Fetterman. „Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition for the Diabetic Patient: A Case-Based Approach“. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 22, Nr. 6 (12.03.2009): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190009333162.
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Patients’ nutritional status is essential to ensure beneficial outcomes. However for the diabetic, the caloric energy required is not only sustaining but problematic if not managed appropriately. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia places these patients at risk of complications such as infections, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Health care providers can assist in tailoring nutritional support for diabetic patients. Possible interventions include adjusting caloric requirements to minimize carbohydrates and maximize fat as a main calorie substitute and to suggest appropriate macronutrient sources. Other disease state complications such as diabetic-associated nephropathy and gastroparesis affect nutritional support and present opportunity for further interventions. Diligence regarding blood glucose monitoring is imperative. Additional anti-diabetic therapies can be used to maintain tight glucose control; however, close monitoring must occur to minimize hypoglycemic episodes, which can be life-threatening.
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Stone, Valerie E. „Social Interaction and Social Development in Virtual Environments“. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2, Nr. 2 (Januar 1993): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1993.2.2.153.
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Like most new technologies, virtual reality (VR) has been the subject of a great deal of idealization. This paper both debunks that idealization by discussing some problems that certain types of VR could cause and emphasizes how other types of VR could bring the technology closer to its ideal. Virtual reality is divided into four types: social (there are real other people to interact with), nonsocial (other interactants are simulations of people), creative (users can create elements in the virtual environment), and noncreative (users interact with a fixed environment created for them). Nonsocial VR may cause problems by making it difficult for children and adolescents to learn social skills. Noncreative VR is problematic because it places limits on users' creativity and freedom. Engineers developing VR technology are encouraged to develop social and creative VR.
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Mangano, Alessandra. „Dal feudo al latifondo. Bronte e la Ducea Nelson“. HISTORIA MAGISTRA, Nr. 10 (März 2013): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/hm2012-010008.
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Nelson's Archive, housed in the State Archive of Palermo, throws light on some issues mainly linked to local usages and the clash they create between the people from Bronte and the English administrators of the Duchy. Court cases, riots and threats are evidence of a complex and really problematic situation which develops soon after the abolition of feudalism in 1812. Bronte, which on the other hand represents the last military feud, witnesses better than other places the uneasiness and legislative chaos which are spread throughout Sicily, provoked by a decision which is still flimsy and highly undefined. The study of the Duchy allows to analyse this tormented period in which feudalism is not really abolished but transformed, leaving many unsolved questions on a system which shaped European society for centuries.
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Turenko, D. V. „Problematic issues of Criminal and Criminal Procedural Legislation in Applying Coercive Medical Measures“. Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 89, Nr. 2 (26.06.2020): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2020.2.24.
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The author of the article proves that the possibility for a court to apply coercive medical measures to an insane person who has committed a socially dangerous act is regulated by the norms of the law on criminal liability and the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine. Their implementation is carried out in the interaction of substantive and procedural law, in particular in certain forms of criminal liability and in measures that are not covered by criminal liability, but are called criminal coercion, and is resolved through individual procedural institutions. The scientific positions of certain scholars and representatives of scientific schools on these issues were studied. On their basis the author expressed a number of own conclusions on problematic and debatable areas and issues raised in the article. Based on the results, the author of the article made some conclusions about the application of coercive medical measures: establishing the fact of committing a criminal offense by a specific person; after a forensic psychiatric examination to determine that such a person is mentally ill and according to its results cannot be sane; such a person is socially dangerous to society and must be isolated for the period of involuntary treatment. In the absence of at least one of the elements of the specified structure, coercive medical measures cannot be applied. The author made generalization, based on the initial provision that the main component of criminal liability is the conviction of a person, the adoption of a court conviction, which provides a legal assessment of the act and the specific person who committed it. Comparison of the current criminal and criminal procedural legislation provides an opportunity to assess coercive medical measures by coercive measures of a criminal law nature, as those used in criminal law relations against persons who committed a socially dangerous act, are ill with certain types of mental illness at the moment of the commission of a crime. The tendency of modern development of the direction in criminal law about delimitation of concepts and essence of "release of the person from criminal liability" and "punishment" from "exclusion of such responsibility" and existence and allocation at the same time of other direction - "criminal coercion" is distinguished. At the same time, the conclusions concerning persons who fell ill with a mental illness after the commission of a crime or while serving a sentence in places of imprisonment that relate to the procedural mechanism of temporary suspension of the imposed criminal punishment, were singled out. The results of the study of criminal and criminal procedural legislation on the application of coercive medical measures confirm and present the mechanism of interaction and implementation of substantive and procedural legislation to ensure the objectives of criminal proceedings under the Art. 1 of the Criminal Code and the Art. 2 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine.
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Whitehouse, Hilary. „Landshaping: A Concept for Exploring the Construction of Environmental Meanings within Tropical Australia“. Australian Journal of Environmental Education 18 (Januar 2002): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001129.
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AbstractThe creation of meaning is both intrinsic and extrinsic to environmental learning. In this paper I call attention to the process of how language practices and Imagination are important in constituting environmental meanings, as stories of the places in which we live. A concept of landshaping is introduced as a conceptual tool for thinking about the agentic construction of environmental meanings. Research data collected In north Queensland show that individual subjectivities do not necessarily align with the binary thought lines of human identity (‘us’) and nature (‘not us’) commonly reproduced within environmental education. Ideas of the natural can be problematic in environmental learning, particularly in cross-cultural education experiences. Landshaping can be used as a research strategy and as a pedagogical technique for revealing diversities and illuminating complexities in how we as individuals, and together, create environmental understandings for ourselves.
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Marek, Dan, Michael Baun und Marcin Dąbrowski. „The challenge of implementing European Union environmental law in the new member states: The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive in the Czech Republic and Poland“. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, Nr. 6 (04.01.2017): 1117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16686071.
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This article examines the problematic implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) in the Czech Republic and Poland from the perspective of the scholarly debate on European Union (EU) and post-accession compliance, focusing on the competing ‘goodness of fit’ and administrative-legal approaches to explaining variations in compliance with EU rules. It finds that administrative shortcomings of various kinds are a major reason for implementation problems in both countries, and that problems have also stemmed from the multilevel nature of the implementation process, which places a heavy administrative and financial burden on municipalities, and requires cooperation between national and local government authorities. In the Czech case, however, the ‘misfit’ between EU standards and contracting and regulatory practices in the Czech water sector has also undermined UWWTD compliance, through its negative impact on the country's ability to access EU funding.
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Eden, Sally. „Being Fieldworthy: Environmental Knowledge Practices and the Space of the Field in Forest Certification“. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 26, Nr. 6 (01.01.2008): 1018–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d3208.
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This paper considers how environmental knowledge practices and learning are coproduced through heterogeneous assemblages of inscriptions, devices, skills, ecologies, and people in the field. Drawing on concepts from science and technology studies, I use the certification processes of the Forest Stewardship Council as an example, because its processes of verification through embodied and emplaced fieldwork explicitly seek to make abstract standards of environmental management ‘fieldworthy’ in different places and thus enable their implementation on the ground through specific environmental knowledge practices. Hence, it is only through the field as a shared space that certification processes can work (and travel) in the interests of better environmental management. The space of fieldwork thus enables knowledge workers to exploit the uncertainty, heterogeneity, and discretion in environmental science and management more readily than do other spaces, rendering these qualities more beneficial than problematic.
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Falkenstein, Lorne. „Kant’s Account of Intuition“. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 21, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1991.10717242.
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Kant supposed that we possess two distinct cognitive capacities, which he referred to as ‘intuition’ (Anschauung) and ‘understanding’ or ‘intellect’ (Verstand). This ‘two-faculty account of cognition’ lies at the foundation of his theoretical philosophy, and almost everything he has to say in the Critique of Pure Reason presupposes it. But it is also problematic. At the outset of the Critique Kant simply assumes the validity of the distinction, without in any way attempting to justify it. And one looks in vain through the Kantian corpus for any explanation that might legitimate it. To make matters worse, Kant does not always draw the distinction in the same way. Most notoriously, he presents two quite different accounts of intuition, defining it in some places as ‘singular representation’ (A713=B741; Logic §6), in others as ‘immediate cognition’ (A19=B33).
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MARKS, MICHELLE ROSE. „Party Politics and Family Policy“. Journal of Family Issues 18, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251397018001004.
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The Family and Medical Leave Act offers an excellent case study of a family policy that became embroiled in partisan conflict. The Democratic authors of the bill proposed an extensive leave period available to most workers. Arguing that the policy would pose hardships for businesses, Republicans severely diluted the original legislation, reducing the leave period and eliminating many workers from coverage. The resulting bill offered less support to working parents than leave policies in most other countries. The article opens with a description of problematic features of the bill that derive from partisan politics and then places the drafting of the bill in historical context. The story of the bill's passage is then discussed, highlighting the role of parties and interest groups, especially business organizations. The article concludes by providing a larger analysis of the leave debate.