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1
Polukhin, Oleg N. „University and Congress as Interdisciplinary Communicative Environment (Experience of Philosophical Comparison)“. Voprosy Filosofii, Nr. 12 (2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-12-20-23.
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The article actualizes the problem of the university community as a key meaning-forming scientific environment and the congress as a form of scientific communication. The perspectives of interdisciplinary communication in the university environment and also the experience of Russian philosophical congresses, which have become an important factor in the scientific consolidation of the Russian philosophical community, are considered as material for this kind of comparison, designed to demonstrate the substantial similarity of the problems arising in scientific communities. The author notes the similarity of the problems arising in the formation process of the disciplinary diversity (specialization) of the university environment and the similarity between the functioning of the classical within a modern university (on the example of Belgorod State University) and the problems that are solved at philosophical congresses. Philosophical congresses help to overcome a period of disciplinary fragmentation, which philosophy is now also going through. At the same time, the author notes the importance of the experience gained within the framework of philosophical congresses for solving the problems of university education, in which philosophy traditionally plays an important role in ensuring interdisciplinary communication between faculties. It explains the need for consistent and various attention to philosophical congresses on the part of Russian national universities, which are going through the time of searching for historically well-timed forms of scientific and educational activity. Due to the practical development of personal worldview and methodological beginnings of cognitive activity of high educational level, the author proposes for discussion at the upcoming philosophical congresses (Russian and international) topics related to the question of prospects of philosophical communities in universities. According to the author, it can be the subject of a broad discussion at the next Russian philosophical congress.
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Adamczyk, Andrzej. „Dyskusja na temat odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej państwa za szkody wyrządzone przez bezprawne działania urzędników na Kongresie Prawników Niemieckich w Kilonii w 1906 roku“. Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 15, Nr. 2 (30.06.2017): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1276.
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One of the most important legal problems discussed in the 19th century by German lawyers was that of state liability due to damages resulting from illegal acts of its officials. An influential forum of exchange of ideas was the German Association of German Jurists which organized all-German congresses to solve legal questions in order to promote German unity. Although the problem of state responsibility was discussed at some of the Association congresses in the 19th century, the most interesting was that held in Kiel in 1905. It was due to the fact that many German states had at that time legal regulations concerning state liability, but they were quite different. That generated many complications, making realization of a legal unity within the German Reich difficult. Two proposals for solving this situation were presented at the Congress in Kiel by Otto von Gierke and Rudolf von Herrnritt. Their ideas constituted bases for the discussion which followed. The paper presents the discussion on the state liability, which took place at the Congress in Kiel.
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Bussotti, Paolo. „HISTORY AND DIDACTICS OF MATHEMATICS: A PROBLEMATIC RELATION. SOME CONSIDERATIONS BASED ON FEDERIGO ENRIQUES’S IDEAS“. Problems of Education in the 21st Century 48, Nr. 1 (20.11.2012): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.48.05.
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This history of mathematics is a specific and, at the same time, wide field of research with proper methods, journals, congresses and results. However, some questions about its status are without any doubt legitimate. In particular: is the public to whom the work and the publications of the historians of mathematics are addressed, limited to the specialists in this field or is it broader? It often happens that the mathematicians engaged in the active research consider history of mathematics as a sort of curiosity, but nothing really useful for their researches. They are not interested in an inquire on the historical bases of their researches because they are concentrated in discovering new theorems and solving new problems. It difficult to valuate whether and inside which limits this way of thinking is correct. The problem is complex and cannot be dealt with in this context.
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Ballesteros Silva, Pedro Pablo, und Diana Paola Ballesteros Riveros. „Implementation of a new matheuristic to solve the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous deliveries and pick-ups – VRPSPD“. Scientia et Technica 27, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/23447214.23791.
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The objective of this article is to present a new methodology for solving the Homogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickups and Deliveries (VRPSPD). The methodology integrates a matheuristic using the Chu-Beasley genetic algorithm and mixed integer linear programming, based on the Branch-and-Bound procedure. The best configuration obtained from the genetic algorithm is improved through the use of constructive heuristic methods in determining sub-problems, which contribute to the creation of the initial population necessary in the stage of local improvement. The goal is to determine minimum-cost routes that satisfy the pick-up and delivery demands of a group of geographically dispersed customers, while considering the restrictions of the system and the number of vehicles required. The methodology is implemented in C++ and a solver CPLEX software is used to find the solution. Results from test instances in specialized literature demonstrate the efficiency of this new hybrid model, showing good results in short computation times. This article is based on the author's doctoral thesis in engineering and presents similar topics discussed in international congresses, which may explain the similarities in the consulted bibliographical references.
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Bessolitsyn, Alexandr А. „Formation of the System of Professional Education of the Emperor’s Russian Technical Society“. Economic History 15, Nr. 3 (30.09.2019): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.046.015.201903.205-218.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the activity of the Emperor’s Russian Technical Society (ERTS) and its Permanent committee in solving problems of the professional education system development. The author focuses on the analysis of this organization’s activity in creation of the lower level of the professional education for the workers of industrial enterprises. Materials and Methods. The materials published in the journal “Technical Education” (since 1908 – “Technical and Commercial Education”) were the main source of the research, as well as the resolution of the congresses of Russian activists for technical and commercial education. During these forums a concept of professional education within the unfolding modernization was developed; the problems of relation between general and special education were discussed; main types of technical and commercial schools were studied; the problems of financing of professional schools were raised, etc. General scientific and special methods, including system analysis were used as the main research methods. Results. The author makes a conclusion that the system of professional education was developed in Russia with the participation of the civil society and ERTS and its Permanent committee for technical education, which activity was mainly focused on lower professional education, played key role in this process. The reason for this was both the request of society itself during modernization and the financial capacities of ERTS. Discussion. The system of professional education of lower level, aimed at training of workers with modern competencies was the important factor of solving problems of the human capital quality during the unfolding modernization. The development of this system was suppressed by the low level of general education among the workers of industrial enterprises. Conclusion. The conclusion is made that, in spite of the difficulties of organizational, legal and financial nature, the system of the workers’ professional education, independent from the state institutions, developed rather successfully, which contributed to solving the problems of increasing the quality of the human capital during the country’s modernization. At the same time, it is noted that ERTS and its Permanent committee failed to completely solve this problem.
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Lvova, Irina. „On the history of the creation of accounting textbooks: Late 19th — early 20th century“. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 38, Nr. 3 (2022): 436–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.305.
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The article deals with issues related to creating accounting textbooks the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when mass business education began to develop in Russia. The evolution of ideas about the textbook, the requirements for textbooks, the evaluation of textbooks by reviews, the role of competitions in stimulating authors, the problem of selecting the qualitative textbook and attempts to solve it by administrative and market means, and, finally, the image of a modern accounting textbook as seen more than a century ago are examined. The article is based on a critical analysis of sources little or never used in previous studies, including textbooks, journal articles, materials from congresses of Russian leaders on technical and vocational education, and other representative meetings. The study shows that the historical context not only reveals the problems relevant to modern business education, but also provides an opportunity to learn about different approaches to solving them. The study suggests using historical experience to examine how effective administrative decisions about recommending educational literature have been. The study demonstrates that past experience can be used, for example, in organizing authors competitions. In retrospect, the debates about the permissibility of publishing reviews of textbooks are also of interest. The study proves that the concept of an accounting textbook proposed at the beginning of the 20th century hasn’t lost its relevance in terms of the abundance and scope of innovations and can be claimed by modern accounting science and methodological practice.
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Trynus, Olena. „SELF EDUCATION ACTIVITY OF YOUNG TEACHER: A HISTORICAL ASPECT“. Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, Nr. 15 (09.03.2017): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2017.15.175889.
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This article researches the problem of self-education organization by young teacher of Ukraine in the end of XIX – beginning of XX century, this period is characterized by the development of national education, finding innovative aspects in solving problems of teachers’ development and self-identity, improving their own career, gaining the pedagogical mastery, formation of teacher professional self- education. It has been determined that organizing factor of pedagogical self-education was a non-compliance of coordination between the state needs to provide Ukrainian folk school by quality pedagogical trained personnel and insufficient training of graduates of educational institutions. The views of famous scientists and educators (M. Vahner, R. Viler, F. Helbke, V. Ivanovskiy, O. Muzychenko, I. Ohienko,Y. Chepiga) of the study period (including – some unknown ones in scientific circles) on the nature of young teacher self-education activity, leading its study forms andtools have been analyzed. Based on analysis of scientific studies it has been found that self-education of young teacher has two main functions – education (as a tool to overcome the shortcomings of professional training, acquisition of professional experience) and educational (the spiritual development of the individual, self- improvement, knowledge, worldview, that dependent on reflection of the state professional development and improvement). It has been determined that the most successful self-education forms of young teacher are collective and individual ones, namely: reading, observation, consultation, lectures, exchange of experiences, mutual communication etc. Self-education organization is characterized by time of all educational congresses; visiting educational museums; temporary educational courses studying for teacher training and Ukrainian Pedagogical Academy; attending the young teacher school meetings and school teachers' council. The effective products of self-education of young teacher have been characterized. For example: monographs, textbooks and manuals of leading Ukrainian and foreign educators; foreign and comparative educational researches; annual training edition, lectures on psycho- pedagogical subjects; mobile educational exhibitions. Summarizing conclusions on perspective areas of implementation progressive experience of young teachers self- education on study period have been made, including the use of scientific and methodological potential scientists of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine.
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Manion, Melanie. „“Good Types” in Authoritarian Elections“. Comparative Political Studies 50, Nr. 3 (10.07.2016): 362–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414014537027.
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A new electoral design for subnational congress elections in China allows me to investigate the informational utility of authoritarian elections. Authoritarian regimes are notoriously bad at solving the moral hazard problem in the voter’s agency relationship with politicians. Borrowing from the literature on political selection, I theorize that authoritarian elections can nonetheless solve the adverse selection problem: Chinese voters can use their electoral power to select “good types,” with personal qualities that signal they will reliably represent local interests. I analyze original data from a survey of 4,071 Chinese local congressmen and women, including voter nominees and communist party nominees. I find that voters do in fact overcome coordination difficulties to nominate and elect “good types.” In contacting politicians about local problems after the elections, however, voters hedge their bets by contacting regime insiders too. At these very local levels, congressional representation by means of political selection co-exists with communist party nominating and veto power in the electoral process.
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Odinaeva, N. D., E. I. Kondratyeva, A. E. Cherkasova, T. A. Trendeleva und E. V. Pasnova. „On the need to organize meetings of pediatric healthcare specialists using the example of the IV Congress of Pediatric Doctors of the Moscow Region with international participation “Pediatrics as an Art”“. Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery 1, Nr. 2 (07.03.2024): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/2949-4664-apps-2-2-145-153.
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The organization of large congresses with international participation dedicated to the problems of children’s healthcare is an opportunity for doctors of the Russian Federation and other countries to share knowledge and experience on saving a child’s life and treating diseases from an early age of the patient through direct communication. A systematic approach can be considered the most effective for solving problems in all areas, including children’s healthcare, and the congress of pediatricians helps doctors go beyond the boundaries of the usual and the familiar, learn new things, and get ideas for further professional growth. While creating masterpieces of the world’s cultural heritage, great artists and composers multiplied their talent, honing their skills through training and hard work. Pediatrics is a healing art that requires the physician to regularly improve professional knowledge and competencies. Art that gives the world the most significant and valuable masterpieces - healthy children. This determined the name of the next congress of Children’s Doctors of the Moscow Region - “Pediatrics as an Art”.
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А.Л., Цимцба,. „Activities of the Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus in the Field of School Construction in Abkhazia (Mid-19th – Early 20th Centuries)“. Nasledie Vekov, Nr. 3(31) (30.09.2022): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2022.31.3.002.
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В исследовании выявляются основные направления и этапы процесса организации школьного образования в досоветской Абхазии, связанного с деятельностью Абхазской миссии Общества восстановления православного христианства на Кавказе (ОВПХК) в середине XIX – начале XX вв. Проанализированы отчеты Общества, рассмотрены работы дореволюционных, советских, а также современных абхазских и российских исследователей, касающиеся данной проблемы. Установлена и изучена фактография формирования и развития сети школ ОВПХК, выявлены проблемы школьного строительства, охарактеризована деятельность талантливых педагогов, показано значение общественных инициатив и государственной поддержки в ходе формирования сети абхазских школ, раскрыты пути решения проблемы дефицита педагогических кадров. Разработана периодизация процесса развития в Абхазии сети действовавших под эгидой ОВПХК школ, являвшихся источниками народного просвещения, распространения грамотности и культуры в регионе. The study identifies the main directions and stages of school education organizing in pre-Soviet Abkhazia that are associated with the activities of the Abkhaz mission of the Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus (SROCC) in the mid-19th – early 20th centuries. As research materials, the reports of the Society, archival sources, the acts of the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission were analyzed; works of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, Abkhaz and modern Russian researchers concerning this problem were considered. The representativeness of the analysis of the processes of school construction in pre-Soviet Abkhazia is ensured through the use of comparative-historical, concrete-historical, historical-descriptive and diachronic methods. The factography of the formation and development of the SROCC school network has been established and studied, the problems of school construction have been identified, and the activities of talented teachers have been characterized. The sociopolitical conditions in which the school network functioned are described, and an assessment of these conditions is given. The importance of public initiatives and state support in the forming of a network of Abkhaz schools is shown; ways of solving the problem of shortage of teaching staff are revealed. The importance of using unified teaching methods in the Society’s schools and the facts of popularizing the successful experience of individual teachers are revealed. The importance of teaching in the native (Abkhaz) language is reflected in the aspect of increasing the interest of students and the local population in school education. Activities of professional departments at schools, which gave students craft skills, are characterized. The influence of teachers’ congresses on the development of school education in the region is determined. The restoration of Abkhaz schools after the devastating events of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 has been studied. It has been determined that for a long time the whole matter of public education in Abkhazia was actually concentrated in the hands of the SROCC. As a result of the study, the author develops a periodization of the process of forming a network of schools operating in Abkhazia under the auspices of the SROCC, and identifies four stages of this process. The author concludes that, during the described period, schools were sources of public education and played an important role in the spread of literacy and culture in the region.
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Aragón, Victoria, Carlos A. Coello Coello und Mario A. Leguizamón. „A T-cell algorithm for solving dynamic economic power dispatch problems“. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 20, Nr. 1 (26.05.2020): e01. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.20.e01.
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This paper presents the artificial immune system IA_DED (Immune Algorithm Dynamic Economic Dispatch)
to solve the Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) problem and the Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch (DEED) problem.
Our approach considers these as dynamic problems whose constraints change over time.
IA\DED is inspired on the activation process that T cells suffer in order to find partial solutions.
The proposed approach is validated using several DED problems taken from specialized literature and
one DEED problem. The latter is addressed by transforming a multi-objective
problem into a single-objective problem by using a linear aggregating function that combines the
(weighted) values of the objectives into a single scalar value.
Our results are compared with respect to those obtained by
other approaches taken from the specialized literature. We also provide some
statistical analysis in order to determine the sensitivity
of the performance of our proposed approach to its parameters. Part of this work was presented at the XXV
Argentine Congress of Computer Science (CACIC), 2019.
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Fernández, Jacqueline M., Mariela E. Zúñiga, María V. Rosas und Roberto A. Guerrero. „Experiences in Learning Problem-Solving through Computational Thinking“. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 18, Nr. 02 (09.10.2018): e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.18.e15.
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Computational Thinking (CT) represents a possible alternative for improving students’ academic performance in higher level degree related to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). This work describes two different experimental proposals with the aim of introducing computational thinking to the problem solving issue. The first one was an introductory course in the Faculty of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences (FCFMyN) in 2017, for students enrolled in computer science related careers. The other experience was a first attempt to introduce CT to students and teachers belonging to not computer related faculties at the National University of San Luis (UNSL). Both initiatives use CT as a mean of improving the problem solving process based on the four following elementary concepts: Decomposition, Abstraction, Recognition of patterns and Algorithm. The results of the experiences indicate the relevance of including CT in the learning problem solving issue in different fields. The experiences also conclude that a mandatory CT related course is necessary for those careers having computational problems solving and/or programming related subjects during the first year of their curricula. Part of this work was presented at the XXIII Argentine Congress of Computer Science (CACIC).
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Quirk, Paul J. „A Review of“Congress and the Politics of Problem Solving”“. Congress & the Presidency 41, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07343469.2014.867775.
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Izergina, Nina I., und Vera P. Izergina. „Participation of the Republic of Mordovia in the Finno-Ugric Movement as a Factor in the Formation of Russian Identity“. Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 20, Nr. 3 (30.11.2020): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.051.020.202003.288-301.
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Introduction. The relevance of the problem of forming and strengthening the Russian identity in various aspects is not in doubt today. In this regard it is important to study the various factors that affect this process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the Republic of Mordovia’s participation in the Finno-Ugric movement on the process of forming Russian identity. Research objectives: to characterize the involvement of the Republic of Moldova in the Finno-Ugric movement in the Russian and international directions; to show this participation in realization of state national policy in the Republic; to identify opportunities and risks the further participation of Mordovia in Finno-Ugric movement for the formation and strengthening of the Russian identity. Materials and Methods. The choice of research methodology is dictated by the strategic goals of the state national policy of modern Russia, aimed at creating civil unity under the condition of mandatory preservation and further development of the country’s ethnic and cultural diversity. The combination of civil and ethno-cultural components in the formation and consolidation of Russian identity implies an organic methodology of the nation-building process, which denies the unification of ethnic diversity. The research uses materials from the websites of the Advisory Committee of Finno-Ugric peoples and “The information center of Finno-Ugric peoples”, as well as scientific works of Russian scientists containing data on various aspects of the participation of the Republic of Mordovia in the Finno-Ugric movement. Historical, phenomenological, institutional approaches, and document analysis were used to solve the tasks set in the article. Results and Discussion. The results of the study showed that the Finno-Ugric movement, aimed primarily at solving ethno-cultural problems, actively participates in the process of preserving and developing the ethno-cultural specificity of the peoples of the Russian Federation, implementing the strategic line of state national policy at the present stage. The Republic of Mordovia has made a significant contribution to the organizational and ideological design of the Finno-Ugric movement. At the IV and V congresses of the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia held in Mordovia, the strategy of the movement was defined – the strengthening of all-Russian civil unity as a condition for the successful development of the ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric and other peoples of Russia within the framework of a single state. The viability of ideological and institutional approaches to the development and implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation in the Republic, aimed at preserving cultural diversity, has been recognized throughout the Finno-Ugric world. The documents of the world Congress of Finno-Ugric peoples indicate the role of the Finno-Ugric movement in understanding the ethno-cultural specifics as great opportunities for countries and regions in cultural and socio-economic development. However, the implementation of ethnic policy, including through participation in the Finno-Ugric movement, there are the problems (insufficient use of the potential of ethno-tourism, youth participation in the development of Finno-Ugric peoples, the dependent position of some public Finno-Ugric organizations, the prevalence of threats and weaknesses over strengths and development opportunities of ethno-national space of modern Russia). Conclusion. The participation of the Republic of Mordovia in the Finno-Ugric movement, included in the implementation of the state national policy, is a factor in the formation of Russian identity. Recognition throughout the Finno-Ugric world of Mordovia’s positive experience in implementing state national policy has made the Republic its “heart”. Positive experience and unresolved problems in the field of Ethnopolitics point to the opportunities and risks of further participation of the Republic of Moldova in the Finno-Ugric movement for the formation of Russian identity. Opportunities are associated with the use of diverse cooperation within the Finno-Ugric movement to increase the ethnic identity of the Mordovians, and threats are associated with politicization and dependence on anti-Russian forces that weaken the all-Russian civil unity. Strengthening opportunities and preventing threats is possible on the basis of an organic methodology of nation-building, which means strengthening all-Russian civil unity as a condition for the successful development of the ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric and other peoples of Russia within a single state.
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Barsh, Russel Lawrence. „The IX Inter-American Indian Congress“. American Journal of International Law 80, Nr. 3 (Juli 1986): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2201793.
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Forty-five years ago, U.S. Indian Commissioner John Collier helped persuade the members of the Pan American Union (now the Organization of American States) to establish the Inter-American Indian Institute “to elucidate the problems affecting the Indian groups within their respective jurisdictions, and to cooperate with one another, on a basis of mutual respect for the inherent rights of each to exercise absolute liberty in solving the ‘Indian Problem’ in America.” Operating under an international convention concluded in November 1940 and governed by a board of 21 state representatives, the Mexico City-based Institute is charged with “scientific investigations,” technical assistance to national Indian agencies and “the training of men and women experts devoted to the problems of the Indian.” Institute policy is also guided by an Inter-American Indian Congress of governmental administrators of Indian affairs, which is convened every four years.
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Odinaeva, N. D., S. I. Kutsev, T. A. Ruzhentsova, O. P. Kovtun, D. A. Morozov und E. I. Kondratyeva. „5 P consortium “Children’s Medicine”“. Archives of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery 2, Nr. 1 (26.03.2024): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/2949-4664-apps-2-1-6-23.
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Medical consortia help solve current healthcare problems. Four scientific medical institutions (GBUZ of the Moscow region “Research Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region”, Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery named after Academician Yu. E. Veltishchev Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Health Russia, the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Medical Genetic Research Center named after Academician N. P. Bochkov”, the Federal Budgetary Institution “Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G. N. Gabrichevsky” of Rospotrebnadzor) and one higher educational institution (the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) united into the 5P “Children’s Medicine” consortium to solve pressing problems of children’s healthcare in accordance with the basic principles of personalized medicine. Organizing large congresses with international participation dedicated to the problems of children’s healthcare is an opportunity for doctors in the Russian Federation and other countries to share knowledge and best practices on saving a child’s life and treating diseases from an early age of the patient through direct communication. A systematic approach can be considered the most effective for solving problems in all areas, including children’s healthcare, and the 5 P “Children’s Medicine” congress helps doctors go beyond the boundaries of the familiar and familiar, learn new things, and get ideas for further professional growth.
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Flint, Ashley. „Solving Medicare’s Fiscal Crisis: An Analysis of Three Policy Options“. Policy Perspectives 19 (01.05.2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v19i0.10424.
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Health care spending in the United States has increased rapidly over the past several decades. Medicare, the largest public health insurance program in the US, is a key component of these growing costs. While Medicare financing is expected to be stable over the next decade, the long-term solvency will be difficult to sustain absent congressional action. This paper analyzes three policy options for Congress to consider in addressing the problem of rapid cost growth in the Medicare program.
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Tharakan, Elizabeth. „SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF THE WHITENESS OF WEALTH“. International Journal of Law, Ethics, and Technology 2023, Nr. 2 (28.08.2023): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55574/klul2225.
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Peggy McIntosh details “white privilege” 1as including: being in the company of people of her own race; renting or purchasing affordable housing in a desirable area; having pleasant neighbors; shopping alone without being harassed or followed; and turning on the TV or opening the newspaper to see heavy representation of people of her own race. 2 The history of slavery is one major source of wealth disparity: four generations ago, African-Americans were a form of wealth as slaves and even before that, Africans in Africa were seen as primitive. The socioeconomic disadvantages to African-Americans and finding solutions to this problem, especially solutions through funding HBCU’s, targeted debt relief, and increased Black representation in the media, are the aims of this paper on the black-white wealth gap. The average per capita wealth of White Americans was $338,093 in 2019 but only $60,126 for Black Americans. 3 On average between 1950 and 2010, Black households held about 7 percent of their wealth in stock equity; among White households, it was 18 percent. According to the 2016 General Social Survey, a 55% majority of white Republicans agree with the statement that black Americans are worse off financially “because most just don’t have the motivation or willpower to pull themselves up out of poverty.” 4 42% of white Republicans thought black Americans were lazier than white Americans and 26% rated black Americans as less intelligent. 5 The history of the black-white wealth gap is entrenched in slavery and its after-effects. These effects include the Jim Crow rules, the sharecropping landownership system, discrimination, Congress passing unfair tax laws, the tenfold wealth gap, and attempts to fix it with affirmative action. One solution is the benefit of educating black students at historically black colleges and universities such as Howard, Morehouse, and Spelman: Wealthy philanthropists like Mackenzie Scott, the ex-wife of Jeff Bezos, making massive donations to HBCU’s so that Black universities can offer more scholarships to deserving Black students. Robert Smith, the wealthiest black man in the United States, promised to pay off the debts of the Morehouse College class of 2019. Therefore, enabling black students to afford college and allowing them to face fewer obstacles to graduating college are worthwhile, positive aspects of the HBCUs. The best solution to the black-white wealth gap is targeted debt relief, as opposed to blanket debt relief. Scholars argue for increasing Pell Grants so that they cover tuition, room, board and course materials to help more Blacks graduate debt-free. 6 Black students have less access to generational wealth and are the most likely to rely on debt to finance their educations. In this way, targeted debt relief would dramatically help Black students and college graduates. Another solution is more favorable representation of Blacks in the media. Stuart Hall argued that the solution to negative representations of Blacks were favorable portrayals of Blacks.
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Shen, Yong, Ziyuan Liang, Hongwei Kang, Xingping Sun und Qingyi Chen. „A Modified jSO Algorithm for Solving Constrained Engineering Problems“. Symmetry 13, Nr. 1 (31.12.2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010063.
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Proposing new strategies to improve the optimization performance of differential evolution (DE) is an important research study. The jSO algorithm was the announced winner of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2017 competition on numerical optimization, and is the state-of-the-art algorithm in the SHADE (Success-History based Adaptive Differential Evolution) algorithm series. However, the jSO algorithm converges prematurely in the search space with different dimensions and is prone to falling into local optimum during evolution, as well as the problem of decreasing population diversity. In this paper, a modified jSO algorithm (MjSO) is proposed which is based on cosine similarity with parameter adaptation and a novel opposition-based learning restart mechanism incorporated with symmetry to address the above problems, respectively. Moreover, it is well known that parameter setting has a significant impact on the performance of the algorithm and the search process can be divided into two symmetrical parts. Hence, a parameter control strategy based on a symmetric search process is introduced in the MjSO. The effectiveness of these designs is supported by presenting a population clustering analysis, along with a population diversity measure to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, three state-of-the-art DE variant algorithms (EBLSHADE, ELSHADE-SPACMA, and SALSHADE-cnEPSin) and two original algorithms (jSO and LSHADE) are compared with it, for solving 30 CEC’17 benchmark functions and three classical engineering design problems. The experimental results and analysis reveal that the proposed algorithm can outperform other competitions in terms of the convergence speed and the quality of solutions. Promisingly, the proposed method can be treated as an effective and efficient auxiliary tool for more complex optimization models and scenarios.
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Motoryn, R. М., Т. М. Моторина und K. R. Prykhodko. „New Trends in International Statistics“. Statistics of Ukraine, Nr. 3(78) (20.09.2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.3(78).2017.03.13.
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The article deals with the directions of development of modern international statistics. The main events in international statistics are described in detail: the 61st World Statistical Congress of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and its satellite conferences. The main problems, strategic priorities and new approaches to solving methodological problems of international statistics are described. At the same time, the emphasis is on innovation in international statistics.
During the last decade, an explosion in computing and information technology has taken place. With her came a huge amount of data (Big Data) in various fields such as medicine, biology, finance, and marketing. What ethical problems arise in connection with the Big Data? What is the role of web scanners in collecting data for compilation of official statistics? What indicators are important for policy making? These and many other topics were discussed during the 61st World Congress of Statistics, ISI. Participants of the congress, which represents statistical, scientific and business communities, exchanged views on recent developments in the content and methodology of statistics.
International Statistical Institute has published the Strategy ISI 2017-2021. To increase activity and facilitate open dialogue, the International Statistical Institute organized an open meeting to discuss strategic priorities with its members. During these meetings, the opportunity was offered to provide practical guidance and suggestions on the most important activities, goals and achievements of the ISI and its associations
The special event “Statistical Approaches to Environmental Impact and Climate Change Measurement” was held at the Congress, organized by the High Commission for Planning, the Moroccan Presidency of COP22 and the United Nations Statistics Division with the participation of the State Secretariat for Sustainable Development. During this event, issues concerning the statistical measurement and quantification of environmental indicators related to natural resources management, the effects of climate change and risks of natural disasters were discussed. Another problem that was considered at the congress was the problem of the development of information technology.
The article deals with new tasks facing official statistics. With the rapid development of the survey methodology, various government agencies are now exploring how to combine national data from surveys with administrative data and census data to create reliable statistics for small areas.
The problems of the association of researchers and practitioners who are interested in the interaction of computer sciences, statistics and data visualization are considered.
The article also deals with problems of international statistical education. The focus was on the following question: the era of Big Data, what does it mean for us statisticians-educators; creating socially responsible societies with statistics; employability skills for statistics graduates.
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Vakhnin, Alexey, und Evgenii Sopov. „Investigation of the iCC Framework Performance for Solving Constrained LSGO Problems“. Algorithms 13, Nr. 5 (26.04.2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13050108.
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Many modern real-valued optimization tasks use “black-box” (BB) models for evaluating objective functions and they are high-dimensional and constrained. Using common classifications, we can identify them as constrained large-scale global optimization (cLSGO) tasks. Today, the IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation provides a special session and several benchmarks for LSGO. At the same time, cLSGO problems are not well studied yet. The majority of modern optimization techniques demonstrate insufficient performance when confronted with cLSGO tasks. The effectiveness of evolution algorithms (EAs) in solving constrained low-dimensional optimization problems has been proven in many scientific papers and studies. Moreover, the cooperative coevolution (CC) framework has been successfully applied for EA used to solve LSGO problems. In this paper, a new approach for solving cLSGO has been proposed. This approach is based on CC and a method that increases the size of groups of variables at the decomposition stage (iCC) when solving cLSGO tasks. A new algorithm has been proposed, which combined the success-history based parameter adaptation for differential evolution (SHADE) optimizer, iCC, and the ε-constrained method (namely ε-iCC-SHADE). We investigated the performance of the ε-iCC-SHADE and compared it with the previously proposed ε-CC-SHADE algorithm on scalable problems from the IEEE CEC 2017 Competition on constrained real-parameter optimization.
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Rimmerman, Craig A. „Teaching Legislative Politics and Policy Making“. Political Science Teacher 3, Nr. 1 (1990): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000933.
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The study of the American Congress raises compelling issues for both teachers and students in the examination of three interrelated arenas of analysis: Congressional members, Congress as an institution, and the role of Congress in the American political system. Underlying my approach to teaching Congress is a strong emphasis on discussing the role Congress should play in our Madisonian policy process as well as the role of elected representatives in a representative democracy. In many ways, then, a course on Congress or Legislative Politics and Policy making allows the instructor and students to examine the broader operation of the American political system by looking over the shoulders of congressional members as well as Congress as an institution. In doing so, broad structural questions might be addressed: To what extent is a Madisonian framework of government relevant for confronting and solving the policy problems that we currently face and will likely face in the future? What role can (and should) Congress play in addressing issues, such as the deficit, energy and environmental problems, homelessness, education, and covert foreign policy operations? In confronting these questions, I have found that students seek the opportunity to place Congress in an historical context. In doing so, I ask students to examine the three times in this century when Congress has responded to sweeping presidential domestic policy initiatives, including FDR's New Deal (1933-1936), Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs (1965-1966), and Ronald Reagan's first-term budget and tax cut initiatives (1981).
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Neroda, N. V., und Yu A. Briskin. „The Second Stage of Development of the Modern Olympic Movement According to the Author's Complex-Factological Periodization“. Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, Nr. 2 (06.05.2022): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.02.296.
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The purpose of the study was substantiation and characterization of the second stage of development of the modern Olympic movement within the author's complex-factological periodization. Materials and methods. The main materials consisted of scientific articles dedicated to the research problem, archival data and International Olympic Committee guidelines, posted on the official website of the International Olympic Committee. Theoretical analysis and generalizations were used for the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and documentary materials on the issues of research and assessment of the state of the problem under study. A systematic approach was used to study Olympic sports as a dynamic social system. Historical methods made it possible to study the formation and development of the processes and events of the Olympic movement in chronological order, to determine the stages of development of the Olympic movement. Results and discussion. The second stage of development of the Olympic movement from 1919 to 1939 was quite difficult not only for the Olympic movement, but also for the entire world community, since it falls on the period between the two world wars. The decisions made by the VII-IX Olympic Congresses and sessions of the International Olympic Committee during this period became the fundamental principles for the development and functioning of the Olympic movement at the second stage of its development: the organizational structure of the International Olympic Committee was reformed; requirements for the organization and holding of the Olympic Games were detailed; the Winter Olympic Games were introduced; the Permanent Council of Delegates of the Olympic International Federations was established, which was entrusted with cooperation with the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee on resolving issues related to the sports included in the program of the Olympic Games; the procedure for admission to participation in the Olympic Games and the formulation of amateur status were specified. The decision of the XI Olympic Congress regulated the duration of the Olympic Games up to 16 days, including the opening day, and the number of participants from each country for individual and team competitions. During the stage, the formation of the ceremonial of the Olympic Games takes place: the raising of the Olympic flag and the proclamation of the Olympic oath on behalf of the participants during the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games (the Games of the VII Olympiad, 1920); the raising of three flags (the International Olympic Committee flag, the host country flag and the next host country flag) during the closing ceremony (the Games of the VIII Olympiad, 1924); the order of exit of the participating countries (the Games of the IX Olympiad, 1928); Olympic torch relay (the Games of the XI Olympiad, 1936). As for the first stage, the characteristic feature of the stage of 1919-1939 is the positive dynamics of the number of participants and representation of countries at the Olympic Games: from 2622 participants from 29 countries at the Games of the VII Olympiad (Antwerp, 1920) to 3963 athletes from 49 countries at the Games of the XI Olympiad (Berlin, 1936) and from 260 participants from 16 countries at the I Winter Olympic Games (Chamonix, 1924) to 646 athletes from 28 countries at the IV Winter Olympic Games (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1936). The increase in the number of the National Olympic Committees and participants is due both to the growing popularity of the Olympic movement and the emergence of new independent countries in the 20-30s of the twentieth century. The number of women among the participants in the Olympic Games also increased from 65 (Antwerp, 1920) to 331 athletes (Berlin, 1936) due to an increase in the number of sports and disciplines with their participation. The second stage of the development of the Olympic movement is characterized by the stability of sports and the decrease of kinds of competitions in the program of the Olympic Games. Conclusion. We consider 1919 and 1939 to be the boundaries of the second stage of the development of the Olympic movement. They were the years of the first post-war session of the International Olympic Committee (Lausanne) and the beginning of the Second World War, which made it impossible for the further development and functioning of the Olympic movement. The main characteristics of the second stage of the development of the Olympic movement are the strengthening of its position in the world community, the formation of the ceremonial protocol of the Olympic Games, the beginning of the Winter Olympic Games, further improvement of the organizational structure of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic movement, the growing influence of international federations in the Olympic movement, in particular in solving issues of admission and control over compliance with competition rules, further improvement and stabilization of the Olympic Games program, cooperation and delimitation of powers of the Olympic movement bodies: the International Olympic Committee, the National Olympic Committees and the Council of Delegates of Olympic International Federations
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Agushaka, Jeffrey O., Olatunji Akinola, Absalom E. Ezugwu, Olaide N. Oyelade und Apu K. Saha. „Advanced dwarf mongoose optimization for solving CEC 2011 and CEC 2017 benchmark problems“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 11 (02.11.2022): e0275346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275346.
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This paper proposes an improvement to the dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO) algorithm called the advanced dwarf mongoose optimization (ADMO) algorithm. The improvement goal is to solve the low convergence rate limitation of the DMO. This situation arises when the initial solutions are close to the optimal global solution; the subsequent value of the alpha must be small for the DMO to converge towards a better solution. The proposed improvement incorporates other social behavior of the dwarf mongoose, namely, the predation and mound protection and the reproductive and group splitting behavior to enhance the exploration and exploitation ability of the DMO. The ADMO also modifies the lifestyle of the alpha and subordinate group and the foraging and seminomadic behavior of the DMO. The proposed ADMO was used to solve the congress on evolutionary computation (CEC) 2011 and 2017 benchmark functions, consisting of 30 classical and hybrid composite problems and 22 real-world optimization problems. The performance of the ADMO, using different performance metrics and statistical analysis, is compared with the DMO and seven other existing algorithms. In most cases, the results show that solutions achieved by the ADMO are better than the solution obtained by the existing algorithms.
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Templing, V. Ia. „Consolidation of the rural medical community in the Tobolsk Governorate in the early 20th century“. VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, Nr. 1(48) (02.03.2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-48-1-12.
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The present article is aimed at studying district congresses of rural doctors from the Tobolsk Governorate, a unique phenomenon in the history of the Siberian medical community. Congresses are considered to be an inte-gral part and development indicator of the corporate social initiative, as well as the professional interaction of medical specialists. On the basis of documents being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the author analysed the activity of rural doctors within the paradigm of the general theory of modernisation, as well as characterised the materials of meetings, the range of issues under discussion, main recommendations and re-sults. It is shown that the activity of the medical community was not limited to the work of scientific and practical societies of governorate centres — it was much wider and richer. The fact of holding two provincial and a number of district congresses in the Tobolsk Governorate (from 1903 to 1912) was established. District congresses be-came a place for establishing personal contacts between doctors, sharing opinions and experiences, formulating proposals, which were then discussed at the governorate forum and laid the foundation for administrative deci-sions. They demonstrated a strong motivation of rural specialists in medicine, which in fact began to develop in Siberia only starting from the late 1880s, for professional consolidation and for the development of common ap-proaches to solving regional problems. The materials of district congresses also prove the formation of a new health model among the rural population, characteristic of modern society. A doctor became a familiar and neces-sary element of the social environment for a peasant. It should be noted that district congresses were not large-scale, they were not public mouthpieces, did not become the driving force of reforms and the generator of signifi-cant public projects. Their history was too short; the level of rural medicine and, in general, the entire medicine of the governorate was too low. Nevertheless, the need for professional consolidation and communication turned out to be so strong that it allowed doctors, albeit with the support of the administration, to carry out serious prepara-tory work in districts and hold two governorate congresses. Clearly, this constitutes definite evidence of qualitative changes in the state of the local medical community.
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Yan, Weina. „Exploring the Traditional Farming Culture and Improving the Local Cultural Confidence: Solving the Problem of Rural Tourism Homogenization“. E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 02063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127502063.
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Since the rise of rural tourism in China in the 1980s, the natural conditions have mainly been relied on to develop such tourism projects as flower appreciation, fruit picking, fishing, and farm foods focusing on agricultural sightseeing and experiencing the rural life, which has long ignored the cultural attributes of rural tourism, resulting in the serious homogenization of rural tourism. The author believes that exploring traditional farming culture and improving local cultural self-confidence are the effective ways to solve the problem of rural tourism homogenization, to achieve the general requirements of agricultural and rural development in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on ‘industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization and affluent life’, and to promote rural revitalization.
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Mashwani, Wali Khan, Ihsan Mehmood, Maharani Abu Bakar und Ismail Koçcak. „A Modified Bat Algorithm for Solving Large-Scale Bound Constrained Global Optimization Problems“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (28.02.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636918.
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In the last two decades, the field of global optimization has become very active, and, in this regard, many deterministic and stochastic algorithms were developed for solving various optimization problems. Among them, swarm intelligence (SI) is a stochastic algorithm that is more flexible and robust and has had the ability to find an optimum solution for high-dimensional optimization and search problems. SI-based algorithms are mainly inspired by the social behavior of fish schooling or bird flocking. Among the SI-based algorithms, Bat algorithm (BA) is one of the recently developed evolutionary algorithms. It employs an echolocation behavior of microbats by varying pulse rates of emission and loudness to perform their search process. In this paper, a modified Bat algorithm (MBA) is developed. The main focus of the MBA is to further enhance the exploration and exploitation search abilities of the original Bat algorithm. The performance of the modified Bat algorithm (MBA) is examined over the benchmark functions designed for evolutionary algorithms competition in the special session of 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. The used benchmark functions include the unimodal, multimodal, and hybrid benchmark functions with high dimensionality. Furthermore, the impact analysis with respect to different values of temperatures is conducted by executing the proposed algorithm twenty-five times independently by using each benchmark function with different random seeds.
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Aaslestad, Katherine B. „Serious Work for a New Europe: The Congress of Vienna after Two Hundred Years“. Central European History 48, Nr. 2 (Juni 2015): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938915000357.
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Given the current challenges to European unity, in particular Russian aggression in Ukraine and dissent in the European Union over economic policy toward Greece, Europeans should remember that, two hundred years ago, they celebrated together a long-awaited peace, as their statesmen collaborated on a lasting settlement to solve territorial questions and ensure international stability. Revisiting the Congress of Vienna, however, is not an exercise in nostalgia. New works on the Congress underscore the critical international stakes in 1814 and 1815, following two decades of war and revolution, and reveal the complexity of the negotiations, political goals, and the unsettled nature of postwar Europe. The Congress was so successful in solving the existential problems of Europe that Europeans would not fight a comparable war against each other for another century—until the Great War in 1914. The challenges that Europe faced in the twentieth century suggest, in fact, that the type of collaborative diplomacy developed at the Vienna Congress remains essential to limit conflict.
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NGUYEN, TRUNG THANH, und XIN YAO. „AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HYBRIDIZING CULTURAL ALGORITHMS AND LOCAL SEARCH“. International Journal of Neural Systems 18, Nr. 01 (Februar 2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065708001397.
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In this paper the performance of the Cultural Algorithms-Iterated Local Search (CA-ILS), a new continuous optimization algorithm, is empirically studied on multimodal test functions proposed in the Special Session on Real-Parameter Optimization of the 2005 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. It is compared with state-of-the-art methods attending the Session to find out whether the algorithm is effective in solving difficult problems. The test results show that CA-ILS may be a competitive method, at least in the tested problems. The results also reveal the classes of problems where CA-ILS can work well and/or not well.
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Zimina, Elena I., Yulia V. Samodova und Olga V. Serova. „Increasing Space for Collections Storing: National Libraries Practice“. Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 72, Nr. 5 (08.11.2023): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2023-72-5-447-464.
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Library collection development is directly related to the issues of placement, storage and delivery of documents. The eternal storage of the totality of documents that make up the national heritage is one of the functions of national libraries (NL), which solve the problem of placing materials with consideration to their financial and other capabilities.An overview of the successful national libraries’ practice in solving the lack of storage space problem is presented (Library of Congress, British Library, German National Library, National Diet Library of Japan, National Library of France, Royal Library of Sweden, Austrian National Library, National Library of the Czech Republic, Royal Library of the Netherlands). The experience of the Russian State Library in solving this problem is also analyzed.Finding place for growing collections with a tight of storing conditions is a challenge that requires not only constant attention, but also a flexible approach. Various options for solving this problem are being considered: construction of new (including remote) storage facilities; efficient use of existing premises (for example, an implementation of high density storage systems or co-opting of premises built for other purposes — idle exhibition centers functional conversion, etc.); lease of rentable areas.The research is based on the analysis of information from official websites of the national libraries.The appendix presents the results of the NL survey on the following issues: withdrawing of certain categories of materials, dispatching them to depositories; construction of new storage buildings; statistics concerning active use and actual availability of collections.
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ORLOVA, L. N. „HISTORY OF THE MASS DEFENSE WORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE PIONEER ORGANIZATION IN THE 30S OF THE XX CENTURY“. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, Nr. 2 (2021): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-144-152.
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The purpose of the study is to study the organization of mass defense work in the pioneer or-ganization in the 30s of the XX centuries. The materials of the Komsomol congresses, the Central Committee of the Komsomol Plenums, the Central Council of the pioneer organization named after V.I. Lenin on solving problems in the field of mass defense, patriotic work among children and youth during the aggravation of the international situation are analyzed. The main directions of this work are considered, among which are conducting military and military-physical culture games, competitions, passing standards for badges: «Ready for Labor and Defense», «Young Voroshilovsky shooter», «Ready for Sanitary Defense», etc., organization of mass defense circles of various orientations, patronage work of Red Army units on schools.
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Nikitin, Dmitry S. „To the History of the Formation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee in the British House of Commons“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Nr. 462 (2021): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/18.
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The aim of this article is to study the history of the formation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee (IPC) in the British House of Commons in 1893. To achieve this aim, the following objectives are envisaged: determination of reasons for establishing the IPC; analysis of the activities of the Indian National Congress and British liberals; analysis of the election campaign of Dadabhai Naoroji, which enabled him to get a seat in the House of Commons in 1892. The sources of the study are the pamphlets of the Indian National Congress members, which explain the need for Indian representatives to participate in the British Parliament; records of parliamentary hearings on the Indian issue; materials of the press describing the course of the election campaign of 1892 and the tasks of the Indian Committee in Parliament. In the course of the study, the author came to the following conclusions. The moderate branch in the Indian liberation movement considered the British Rule in India to be a progressive phenomenon in the Indian life. The defects of the British administration were due to the fact that the English people and Parliament did not understand the problems that the Indian population faced under the British Rule. The Parliamentary Committee dealing exclusively with the Indian issue could contribute to solving this problem. The main conductor of this idea in India was the National Congress, which, since its inception, began work on the formation of the IPC. In the late 1880s, an Indian political agency, which intensified attempts to organize an Indian committee in Parliament, was established in London. The interests of the Indians in the House of Commons at that time were defended by the Liberal MP Charles Bradlaugh. On the basis of the proposals of the National Congress, he prepared a bill on Indian councils, which came into force in 1892. Nevertheless, the creation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee became possible only in 1893, when Dadabhai Naoroji and William Wadderburn (founders of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress) were elected to the House of Commons as Liberal MPs. In general, the creation of the IPC was a progressive step in the development of the Indian liberation movement because the IPC gave the moderate nationalists and their British liberal supporters new tools of fighting for the rights of Indian subjects of the British Empire. The appearance of supporters of Indian reforms in Parliament was the evidence of the success of the IPC’s course of expanding political agitation in England, although it did not guarantee significant achievements in solving of the Indian question.
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Kovalenko, Al. „Technological giants on digital markets as a result of a regulator failure“. Journal of Modern Competition 14, Nr. 80 (31.12.2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/1993-7598-2020-14-4-5-24.
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The article discusses the main problems of antitrust regulation of multilateral digital platforms. The problems of defining the boundaries of product markets on which multilateral platforms operate, including the problems of analyzing competition in derivative markets, other stages of determining the dominant position of a digital platform and its market power are disclosed. In the context of the latest news related to the proposals of the Subcommittee of the US Congress on toughening antitrust regulation of digital giants (Amazon, Facebook, Google, Apple), the possibilities of using such proposals in the Russian practice of antitrust regulation are considered. The author identifies the methodological problems that arise in the context of strengthening the market power of digital platforms, and also reveals the author’s approach to solving these problems.
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Mashwani, Wali Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, Maharani A. Bakar, Ismail Koçak und Muhammad Fayaz. „A Customized Differential Evolutionary Algorithm for Bounded Constrained Optimization Problems“. Complexity 2021 (10.03.2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515701.
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Bound-constrained optimization has wide applications in science and engineering. In the last two decades, various evolutionary algorithms (EAs) were developed under the umbrella of evolutionary computation for solving various bound-constrained benchmark functions and various real-world problems. In general, the developed evolutionary algorithms (EAs) belong to nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) and swarm intelligence (SI) paradigms. Differential evolutionary algorithm is one of the most popular and well-known EAs and has secured top ranks in most of the EA competitions in the special session of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. In this paper, a customized differential evolutionary algorithm is suggested and applied on twenty-nine large-scale bound-constrained benchmark functions. The suggested C-DE algorithm has obtained promising numerical results in its 51 independent runs of simulations. Most of the 2013 IEEE-CEC benchmark functions are tackled efficiently in terms of proximity and diversity.
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ORLOVA, L. N. „THE HISTORY OF THE PIONEER ORGANIZATION FORMATION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE IN THE MID-TWENTIES OF THE 20th CENTURY“. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 9, Nr. 4 (2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2020-9-4-171-180.
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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the history of the pioneer organization formation in the countryside during the mid-twenties of the twentieth century. The author examines individual issues of the pioneer organization formation in the countryside in the mid-twenties of the twentieth century. The materials of congresses, plenums, conferences of the RLKSM on solving problems of work in the countryside are analyzed. The materials of the study of peasant children parents’ opinions of that time on the issue of joining the pioneer organization are presented. The main directions of this work are considered, including the dissemination of elementary agronomic knowledge among children, participation in the re-election of village councils, the organization of children's leisure, the protection of the economic interests of young farm laborers.
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Narendra, Moersintowarti B., Hardjono Soeparto, Yustina Rosanti und Agus Salim. „Suspicion of neglect or abuse in two hospitalized cases (Case report)“. Paediatrica Indonesiana 41, Nr. 2 (30.04.2001): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi41.2.2001.115-119.
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The convention of children’s rights (1989) has acknowledged and recommended a statement that minimalstandard for the child welfare with the range of primary right to keep an outstanding life for the children’s development to theirmaximum potential, protecting from disturbances e.g. neglect and physical abuse.But, it is difficult to classify cases whetherrelated to the problem of neglect or abuse, especially in developing countries where discrepancies in health services isremain exist.Objective : To present two cases which have been overlooked to the possibilities of abuse and neglect.Discription of the cases :Case 1. A malnourished 2 years old boy who was admitted with diarrhea in Dr.Soetomo HospitalSurabaya (September 6 ,1998) with :Clinical criteria of Marasmic Kwashiorkor available.Ignorance of health worker aboutnutritional status and inadequate referral system. 3. Factors related to the malnutrition are: a. Early weaning and inadequateweaning food. b. Poverty and low education. c. Lack of integrated health care (GOBI FFF practice). Case 2. An epileptic 11years old girl was admitted in Dr.Soetomo Hospital Surabaya (July,12, 1999). Problems list were : Respiratory problem whichcould not be explained pathophysiologically. Single parent, and inconsistency of adequate childrearing , Factors related to thefailure in compliance of epileptic treatment, and Isolation and restricted movement.Discussion of the difficulty in classificationof the cases, and the possibility of solving the problem in Surabaya related to the limited action of the Committee on ChildProtection, need to have positive suggestions sharing experience from the Congress members.
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Gaman-Golutvina, Oksana, Leonid Smorgunov und Lidia Timofeeva. „RUSSIA AND THE POLITICAL ORDER IN A CHANGING WORLD: VALUES, INSTITUTIONS, PROSPECTS: RESULTS OF THE IX ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, MOSCOW, DECEMBER 16-18, 2021“. Political Science (RU), Nr. 2 (2021): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2022.02.13.
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The article presents the main results of the IX All-Russian Congress of Political Scientists, held in Moscow on December 16-18, 2021 under the auspices of the Russian Political Science Association, timed to coincide with the completion of the 65 th anniversary year since the founding of the RPSA. The largest political science event in Russia was held in a mixed (face-to-face and online) format, which made it possible to neutralize the negative consequences in the context of pandemic restrictions and ensure the scale of representation and the quality of the discussion platforms. An analysis of the course and results of the Congress demonstrated the growing role of political science in the process of forming a new political order in the modern world, including the characteristics of political regimes, governance principles, technologies and mechanisms, as well as the quality of public policy actors, means and methods for solving political problems, and the internal structure of political interactions. The article considers the possibilities of political science to shape the political world, responding to its problems and challenges.
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Watson, Conner. „Solving Solar: How Past Policy Collides With Future Technology“. Texas A&M Law Review 11, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2023): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v11.i1.8.
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This Comment discusses the importance of developing a solar waste management plan. Specifically, this Comment presents the argument that the United States should not create a large federal regulatory framework that includes expansive subsidies for solar panel recycling, but instead should invest in solar recycling technologies that offer solar recyclers the opportunity to profitably recycle junk panels. Ultimately, the federal government’s role should be limited to one of investment and support as states craft solar waste management systems that work for them.
In support of this argument, this Comment explores the history and future of solar panel development, the current state of solar production and recycling, and the magnitude of the threat solar waste presents. Additionally, this Comment discusses how nations outside the United States are addressing the solar waste problem, the advent of new solar recycling technologies, how Congress may adapt the existing Resource Conservation and Recovery Act to include solar panels and encourage recycling of junk panels, the success story of lead-acid battery recycling, and what the solar recycling network of the future may look like.
Ultimately, this Comment concludes that given recent advancements in recycling technology, with proper planning, encouragement, and investment from both state and federal governments, the private sector will be incentivized to recycle used solar panels without burdensome government intervention while sustaining a profitable business. Such a result will create a truly clean and renewable source of energy and relieve American taxpayers from bearing the cost of expensive solar recycling subsidy programs.
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KUSHKHABIEV, A. V. „CIRCASSIAN QUESTION IN THE CURRENT ACTIVITIES OF KABARDIAN PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS“. Kavkazologiya, Nr. 2 (2021): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-2-112-134.
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It was revealed that at the beginning of the XXI century joint activities of some Kabardian public associations, founded at the beginning of the XXI century (Circassian Congress, etc.), and some other Circassian public associations of the Russian Federation and the Circassian diaspora was focused on solving the components of the Circassian question at the federal and international levels: the problem of recognizing and condemning the Circassian genocide committed by tsarism at the end of the 18th–19th centuries, the problem of repatriation and emergency evacuation of Circassians from Syria to Russia. The International Circassian Association carried out activities to solve at the federal level the problem of granting to foreign Circassians, in particular Syrian, obtaining Russian citizenship in a simplified manner in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on foreign compatriots. But Circassian public associations and ICA failed to achieve a solution to these problems at the federal level. The joint activities of Kabardian and other Circassian public associations of the Russian Federation and the Circassian diaspora on the solution of the Circassian question at the beginning of the XXI century, as well as the divergence of their positions on the question of holding the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi (boycott by one group and support by another), testify about the preservation in the historical memory of the Adyghe people and, especially, in the memory of foreign Circassians of the large-scale tragedy in the New history of the Caucasus – the mass eviction of the Circassians into the Ottoman Empire, carried out by the authorities of Tsarist Russia (1858–1865), about the urgency of the problem of repatriation foreign Circassians.
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Zotova, E. S. „Role of Political Economy in Solving Problems of Researches of Contradictions in the Contemporary World and Prospects of Economical Education Correction (review of the VII International Political Economy Congress)“. Economic Revival of Russia, Nr. 4 (78) (2023): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2023-4-78-167-172.
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An overview of the VIIth International Political and Economic Congress «Russia in a Changing World: Political and Economic Justifications for the Development of a New Scientific and Educational Program» which took place in June 2023 at Lomonosov Moscow State University is presented here.
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Zheng, Wenda, Yibo Ai und Weidong Zhang. „Improved Snake Optimizer Using Sobol Sequential Nonlinear Factors and Different Learning Strategies and Its Applications“. Mathematics 12, Nr. 11 (30.05.2024): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12111708.
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The Snake Optimizer (SO) is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm for solving complicated real-world optimization problems. However, despite its advantages, the SO faces certain challenges, such as susceptibility to local optima and suboptimal convergence performance in cases involving discretized, high-dimensional, and multi-constraint problems. To address these problems, this paper presents an improved version of the SO, known as the Snake Optimizer using Sobol sequential nonlinear factors and different learning strategies (SNDSO). Firstly, using Sobol sequences to generate better distributed initial populations helps to locate the global optimum solution faster. Secondly, the use of nonlinear factors based on the inverse tangent function to control the exploration and exploitation phases effectively improves the exploitation capability of the algorithm. Finally, introducing learning strategies improves the population diversity and reduces the probability of the algorithm falling into the local optimum trap. The effectiveness of the proposed SNDSO in solving discretized, high-dimensional, and multi-constraint problems is validated through a series of experiments. The performance of the SNDSO in tackling high-dimensional numerical optimization problems is first confirmed by using the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2015 and CEC2017 test sets. Then, twelve feature selection problems are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SNDSO in discretized scenarios. Finally, five real-world technical multi-constraint optimization problems are employed to evaluate the performance of the SNDSO in high-dimensional and multi-constraint domains. The experiments show that the SNDSO effectively overcomes the challenges of discretization, high dimensionality, and multi-constraint problems and outperforms superior algorithms.
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Vakhnin, Aleksei, und Evgenii Sopov. „Investigation of Improved Cooperative Coevolution for Large-Scale Global Optimization Problems“. Algorithms 14, Nr. 5 (30.04.2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14050146.
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Modern real-valued optimization problems are complex and high-dimensional, and they are known as “large-scale global optimization (LSGO)” problems. Classic evolutionary algorithms (EAs) perform poorly on this class of problems because of the curse of dimensionality. Cooperative Coevolution (CC) is a high-performed framework for performing the decomposition of large-scale problems into smaller and easier subproblems by grouping objective variables. The efficiency of CC strongly depends on the size of groups and the grouping approach. In this study, an improved CC (iCC) approach for solving LSGO problems has been proposed and investigated. iCC changes the number of variables in subcomponents dynamically during the optimization process. The SHADE algorithm is used as a subcomponent optimizer. We have investigated the performance of iCC-SHADE and CC-SHADE on fifteen problems from the LSGO CEC’13 benchmark set provided by the IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation. The results of numerical experiments have shown that iCC-SHADE outperforms, on average, CC-SHADE with a fixed number of subcomponents. Also, we have compared iCC-SHADE with some state-of-the-art LSGO metaheuristics. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm is competitive with other efficient metaheuristics.
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Setiadi, Nanang. „The Use of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) to Help Indonesian 5th-Grade Students to Learn Multiplication and Division“. Southeast Asian Mathematics Education Journal 10, Nr. 1 (30.09.2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46517/seamej.v10i1.98.
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Abstract This paper discusses the use of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) as an alternative approach to enhance Indonesian 5th-grade students’ ability in multiplication and division. It presents the analysis of Indonesian 5th-grade students’ difficulties in applying stacking method for multiplication and division. Furthermore, it describes a mathematics teaching learning practice to stimulate students constructing their strategies, mathematical models and number sense in solving mathematical problems that involve multiplication and division. The teaching learning practice aims to apply RME for helping students develop their multiplication and division ability.Findings shows that stacking methods for multiplication and division are difficult for the students. The main students’ problem in multiplication and division stacking methods is in reapplying the steps of the methods. The steps taken to improve the learning process by implementing RME are: (1) analyze in detail the difficulties of students in multiplication and division stacking methods, (2) provide contexts of mathematical problems that can stimulate students to think mathematically, (3) hold a class mathematics congress, and (4) conduct a test to measure students’ achievement. Based on the students’ achievement, there has been several improvements. After RME, there were more students whose grades passed the Minimum Mastery Criteria. Moreover, there was a student who got 100. Then, the average test was higher. Meanwhile, there were only 3 children whose grades were 0. Thus, the application of RME has helped the 5th-grade students to improve their ability in multiplication and division.
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Liang, Ji, Haitao Zhang und Jinbo Qin. „Thoughts on Strengthening Safety of Rural Water Supply in the New Era-Taking Binxian County, Shaanxi Province as an Example“. MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601111.
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At present, our country has entered a new era. The report of the 19th National Congress of CPC pointed out that we must always put the top priority of the Party’s work on solving the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The safety of rural water supply safety is the direct and realistic interest-related problem that the rural masses most concern. In the new era, we should further strengthen the safety work of rural water supply, gradually promote the integration of urban and rural water supply, and effectively solve the increasingly serious safety-related demand of water supply of villagers and the contradiction caused by uneven and insufficient development of urban and rural water supply. Binxian County is located in the water shortage area in the west of China. The management model of "urbanizing rural water supply" that the county explored to establish has effectively solved the problem about the construction, operation and maintenance of rural water supply project. It accords with the development idea of rural water supply in the new era, and its successful experience can be duplicated and popularized in Shaanxi Province and even in the whole country.
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Danilova, Ekaterina Nikolaevna. „Ukraine caucuses in the US Congress“. Мировая политика, Nr. 2 (Februar 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2021.2.35601.
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The article analyzes the level of influence of Ukraine caucuses in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate on the U.S. foreign-policy decision-making in relation to Ukraine in 1997 - 2021. To fully understand the role of caucuses in law making, the author describes their typology used by the Congressional Research Service, and analyzes their structure, purposes and main directions of activity. The research is based on the analysis of legislative documents of the U.S. Congress, based on which the author describes the activity of Ukraine caucuses, and on the systematization of annual financial reports of the U.S. Department of Justice, which help to define the key directions of Ukraine lobbying. The comparative analysis of the work of Ukraine caucuses and lobbyists helps to define their common interests and points of difference. The topicality of the research is determined by the international context after the Revolution of Dignity, and the threats and tensity which regularly appear due to the unstable situation in Ukraine. The author concludes that Ukraine caucuses in the U.S. Congress, especially the Senate Ukraine Caucus, are the U.S. political tool for defending its national interests in Eastern Europe manifesting itself in the promotion of democracy, and basically used for solving military problems.
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Chen, Shijie. „Research on Cultivation Ways of New-Type Professional Farmers under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy“. Finance and Market 5, Nr. 4 (22.12.2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v5i4.2598.
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<p>Due to the focus on solving the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and peasantry, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed a rural revitalization strategy. In this era, new-type professional farmers came into being. They helped the development of agriculture and accelerated the process of rural revitalization. However, there are still some obvious problems which urgently need to take corresponding improvement measures in the cultivation and development of new-type professional farmers. To solve these problems, it is required to set a premium on basic education in rural areas and promote advanced technology; cultivate correct professional values and improve the social status of farmers; adhere to the training model that combines theory with practice and enrich teaching methods; pay attention to the targeted training of talents at different levels and form reasonable teaching structures; coordinate agricultural development planning and develop regional characteristic agriculture.</p>
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Sanchez Junior, Sidney Lopes, und Francismara Neves de Oliveira. „Educação Matemática e o Construtivismo Piagetiano: uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura“. Jornal Internacional de Estudos em Educação Matemática 16, Nr. 1 (22.06.2023): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2023v16n1p77-88.
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O campo da Educação Matemática tem se constituído ao longo dos anos pela preocupação com o ensino e a aprendizagem da Matemática. A teoria da Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget tem influenciado direta e indiretamente pesquisas no campo da Educação Matemática ao se preocupar com o sujeito que constrói o seu conhecimento na relação com o objeto. O intuito desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura em banco de dados internacionais e nacionais, a saber, Institute of Educacion Scienses (ERIC) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), assim como eventos científicos, como o VII Congresso Internacional de Ensino de Matemática (CIEM), Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática (ENEM). Foram mapeados trabalhos que abordaram a teoria da Epistemologia Genética e suas relações com as temáticas da Resolução de Problemas, Jogos de regras e Probabilidade. O estudo revelou um incipiente número de trabalhos que se apoiam nos estudos de Piaget, a partir dos critérios elencados, o que evidencia lacunas nas produções científicas, especialmente as brasileiras. Palavras-chave: Epistemologia Genética, Jean Piaget. Educação Matemática. Revisão de Literatura. AbstractThe field of Mathematics Education has been established over the years through concern with the teaching and learning of Mathematics. Jean Piaget's theory of Genetic Epistemology has directly and indirectly influenced research in the field of Mathematics Education by focusing on the subject who constructs their knowledge in relation to the object. The purpose of this research was to conduct a systematic literature review in international and national databases, namely, the Institute of Education Sciences (ERIC) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), as well as scientific events such as the VII International Congress on Mathematics Teaching (CIEM), the National Meeting on Mathematics Education (ENEM). Studies that addressed the theory of Genetic Epistemology and its relationships with the themes of Problem Solving, Rule Games, and Probability were mapped. The study revealed a limited number of works that relied on Piaget's studies, according to the listed criteria, which highlights gaps in scientific productions, especially Brazilian ones. Keywords: Genetic Epistemology. Jean Piaget. Mathematics Education. Review of Literature.
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Makole, Kaizer Raseane, Bhekabantu Alson Ntshangase, Mosebeng Samuel Maringa und Steven Kayambazinthu Msosa. „Can a Basic Income Grant Improve the Quality of Life for the Poor in South Africa: An Analytical Review“. Business Ethics and Leadership 6, Nr. 3 (2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).57-67.2022.
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The relevance of this scientific problem is that there are numerous calls and arguments from civil society organisations, labour unions, progressive economists, and policy experts to the South African government regarding the introduction of basic income grant. This will help protect the unemployed from poverty and stimulate economic growth. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of improving the quality of life of the poor indicates that the government (led by the African National Congress) since 1994 implemented a social security policy (the child support grant for women). At the same time, the government’s position regarding the feasibility of introducing of basic income grant as a tool for economic stimulation has changed. The African National Congress disagrees with the need for basic income grant as a tool for poverty alleviation and economic growth. The main purpose of the research is the analysis of the prerequisites for the change in the position of the African National Congress regarding the feasibility of introducing basic income grant: basic income grant is a tool for stimulating economic growth and overcoming poverty for most of the disadvantaged population of South Africa, or a means for the government to preserve its positions, which are weakening among the South African electorate. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which proved that basic income grant will contribute to the increase of the national tax base as those not earning an income can start buying and selling goods and be taxed. At the same time, at the initial stage, the introduction of basic income grant will lead to an increase in the level of income taxation of the employed population. Analytical methods of scientific literature analysis became the methodical tools of the conducted research. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the introduction of basic income grant could stimulate the economy by ensuring that the unemployed become economic participants by having disposable cash to spend and start business activities.
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Zitouni, Farouq, und Saad Harous. „Integrating the Opposition Nelder–Mead Algorithm into the Selection Phase of the Genetic Algorithm for Enhanced Optimization“. Applied System Innovation 6, Nr. 5 (04.09.2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi6050080.
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In this paper, we propose a novel methodology that combines the opposition Nelder–Mead algorithm and the selection phase of the genetic algorithm. This integration aims to enhance the performance of the overall algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of our methodology, we conducted a comprehensive comparative study involving 11 state-of-the-art algorithms renowned for their exceptional performance in the 2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2022). Following rigorous analysis, which included a Friedman test and subsequent Dunn’s post hoc test, our algorithm demonstrated outstanding performance. In fact, our methodology exhibited equal or superior performance compared to the other algorithms in the majority of cases examined. These results highlight the effectiveness and competitiveness of our proposed approach, showcasing its potential to achieve state-of-the-art performance in solving optimization problems.
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Protasov, Konstantin Viktorovich. „ADDRESS TO THE READERS OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE MAGAZINE DEDICATED TO THE "X CONGRESS OF CARDIOLOGISTS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT"“. Baikal Medical Journal 2, Nr. 3 (10.09.2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57256/2949-0715-2023-3-12-12.
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The issue of the “Baikal Medical Journal” brought to your attention contains materials from the X Anniversary Congress of Cardiologists of the Siberian Federal District, which was held in Irkutsk on September 7-9, 2023 under the motto “SIBERIAN CARDIOLOGY 2023: NEW CHALLENGES AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT.” The congress was held for the first time in Irkutsk. Its program is dedicated to solving pressing problems of cardiological science and practice, developing measures to reduce morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in Siberia. The collection presents the results of fundamental and clinical studies of leading Siberian scientific cardiological schools in Irkutsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Barnaul, Chita, Tyumen. The topics of the materials are varied and include issues of prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. Current and contemporary problems of cardio-oncology, psychosomatics, cardiogenetics, biomarker concept of risk assessment, damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19, and cardiometabolic syndrome are discussed. The results of research in the field of epidemiology and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are presented. The experience of organizing cardiological services at the regional level is summarized. A description of interesting clinical cases is provided. The presented materials will be of interest to a wide range of cardiologists and therapists, researchers in the field of cardiology, graduate students, residents and students. The editors of the journal would like to thank all the authors who submitted their works.