Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Prjkt“

El reconocimiento e implementación de medidas de reparación se constituye en un aspecto cardinal en las sociedades en transición como la colombiana. El presente artículo se pregunta por el fundamento del deber de reparar a las víctimas de violaciones a los derechos humanos a partir de diversas teorías de justicia, proponiendo una visión teleológica como la más adecuada para lograr las aspiraciones ultimas de una sociedad que busca superar el conflicto y lograr una paz estable y duradera. Este enfoque propone potenciar el papel de las reparaciones de cara a los fines últimos de la justicia transicional, articulando derechos individuales y colectivos, así como condiciones favorables para avanzar en los proyectos de vida personales de las víctimas y de la sociedad en general, a partir de la reivindicación de la noción de bien común. Así pues, se plantea una lógica pluridimensional que rescata tres dimensiones de las reparaciones: individual, colectiva y trascendental. Partiendo de lo anterior, se formulan algunos efectos jurídico-políticos prácticos que resultarían de la aplicación de esta visión teleológica pluridimensional.

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang berkembang, tetapi di Indonesia sendiri masih banyak penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan, salah satu di antarnya ialah cacing perut yang ditularkan melalui tanah. Kecacingan ini dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kondisi kesehatan gizi, kecerdasan dan produktivitas penderitanya, sehingga secara ekonomi banyak menyebabkan kerugian serta mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia. Prevalensi kecacingan di Indonesia pada umumnya masih sangat tinggi, terutama pada golongan penduduk yang kurang mampu mempunyai resiko tinggi terjangkit penyakit ini. (Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No.424/MENKES/SK/V/2006:3). Data WHO menyebutkan lebih dari 1 miliar penduduk dunia menderita kecacingan. Di indonesia, sekitar 40-60% penduduk Indonesia menderita kecacingan. Kecacingan bukan hanya penyakit yang bisa terjangkit pada anak-anak, tapi juga pada orang dewasa. Biasanya seorang siswa yang terinfeksi cacing akan mengalami kekurangan hemoglobin (Hb) hingga 12 g% dan akan berdampak terhadap kemampuan darah membawa oksigen ke berbagai jaringan tubuh termasuk ke otak, akibatnya penderita kecacingan mengalami penurunan daya tahan tubuh serta metabolisme jaringan otak. Bahkan, dalam jangka panjang, penderita akan mengalami kelemahan fisik dan intelektualitas. (www.depkes.go.id diakses tanggal 27 April 2012). Selama ini upaya pencegahan dan pengobatan telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui dinas kesehatan di kegiatan-kegiatan pokok Puskesmas, tetapi masih belum maksimal karena dilihat dari data Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2008 (ditjen PP-PL, Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2009) Prevalensi Nasional Kecacingan adalah Banten 60,7%, NAD 59,2%, NTT27,7%, Kalbar 26,2%, Sumbar 10,1%, Jabar 6,7%, Sulut 6,7%, Kalteng5,6%. Berdasarkan data Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2008 tersebut tampak bahwa problem kecacingan pada anak masih memerlukan perhatian, khususnya bagi provinsi Kalimantan Tengah yang berada pada urutan kedelapan. Data tersebut perlu dibuktikan apakah anak-anak di Dusun Manyuluh juga mengalami masalah serupa sehingga perlu dilaksanakan penyuluhan tentang cacing serta pengobatannya dan pencegahan dengan cara mencuci tangandalam rangka peningkatan upaya peningkatan kualitas hidupmasyarakat. Menurut Profil Lokasi Kegiatan Program BioRight-PREKT Dusun Manyuluh, merupakan salah satu dusun yang menjadi wilayah administrasi Desa Lahei, Kecamatan Mantangai, Kabupaten Kapuas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Luas wilayah Desa Tanjung Taruna ± 33 km² atau 0,22% dari luas wilayah Kabupaten Pulang Pisau atau sekitar 0,54% dari luas KecamatanMantangai. Dusun Manyuluh berada diantara jalur Sungai Mangkutub dan Sungai Muroi yang merupakan anak sungai (DAS)Kapuas. Jumlah penduduk di Dusun Manyuluh, Kabupaten Kapuas sebanyak ± 244 jiwa, yang terdiri dari penduduk laki-laki sebanyak 128 jiwa dan penduduk perempuan sebanyak 96 jiwa. Sedangkan jumlah Kepala Keluarga (KK) di Dusun Manyuluh sebanyak 56 KK, dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk Dusun Manyuluh sekitar 8jiwa/km². Keadaan pendidikan penduduk di Dusun Manyuluh dapat dikatakan masih rendah. Hampir 90% penduduk Dusun Mayuluh hanya tamat SD, dan bahkan terdapat beberapa penduduk dewasa yang tidak sekolah dan buta huruf. Pendidikan tertinggi penduduk Dusun Manyuluh hanya tamat SMP yaitu sekitar 0,5%. Sedangkan yang berpendidikan SMA dan berpendidikan tinggi tidak ada. Permukiman masyarakat masih terkonsentrasi atau tidak jauh dari bantaran sungai. Terdapat beberapa rumah masyarakat di bagian atas/daratan, namun masih tampak terpencar- pencar. masyarakat memanfaatkan sungai selain untuk transportasi, juga untuk mendirikan jamban tempat mencuci, mandi, kakus(MCK). Ketersediaan berbagai sarana atau fasilitas layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat di Dusun Manyuluh masih belum ada. Selain sarana/fasilitas kesehatan yang belum ada, berbagai program ataupun layanan kesehatan baik oleh pemerintah desa/ kecamatan/kabupaten yang masuk ke Dusun Manyuluh hingga sekarang juga tidak pernahada.

Abstract Background and Aims Cardiovascular diseases remains the leading cause of death in recipients of kidney transplantation (KT). Valvular heart disease (VHD) is not an exclusion criteria for KT, however it’s repercussion on KT follow-up has been less studied. Our objective was to analyse the impact of VHD in KT recipients and related risk factors of VHD progression (VHDp). Method Observational retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent KT at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain) between January 1980 and December 2018. VHD was defined as presence of aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation or double valve injury of any degree diagnosed by echocardiography. We analysed the VHDp, defined as worsening of the initial valvular degree on heart ultrasound after KT, risk factors related with VHDp, recipients and graft survival. Results During the study period, 1422 patient underwent KT and 48 of them (3.4%) had VHD diagnosed prior to KT. In the median time of follow-up of 56.3 months (IQR25-75 17.7-119 month), 17 patients (35.4%) presented VHDp and 31 patients did not (64.6%). Figure 1 shows the primary outcome in the different types of VHD, AS was the valve with more VHDp after KT. Statistical evaluation revealed that recipients with VHDp had a higher body mass index (BMI) (27.4 ± 6.3 vs 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2, p=0.04) and worse PTH control (427.0 ± 309.3 vs 186.2 ± 140.6 pg/ml, p=0.02) at the moment of the KT. Also, patients with VHDp reached a worse nadir glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (44.1 ± 17.5 vs 56.0 ± 13.9 ml/min/1.73m2, p=0.01) during the follow-up, needed more time to reach their nadir GFR (4 [2-13] vs 1.2 [1.0-4.7] months, p<0.001) and required more furosemide dose at that time (72.7 ± 21.7 vs 15.8 ± 5.6 mg/day, p=0.02). At the end of follow-up, 213 KT recipients had died, 16 with preKT-VHD (33.3% of all patients with VHD) and 197 without preKT-VHD (14.3% of all cases without VHD). There was a statistical significant association between preKT-VHD status and all-cause mortality after KT (log rank < 0.001). However, there wasn’t statistical association between preKT-VHD status and death-censored graft survival (log rank = 0.2). Conclusion VHD has a significant impact on increased pos-KT mortality but it is not associated with graft survival. More than one third of recipients with preKT-VHD presented deterioration after KT. We found that increased preKT BMI and PTH, nadir GFR after KT, time to reach this nadir GFR and diuretic dose at that time are related with VHD progression.

'Ongelijkheid is probleem van iedereen.' Aldus een kop in NRC Handelsblad van 9 december 2019 (Leijendekker, 2019), die verwijst naar het in 2019 verschenen Human Development Report/HDR van de Verenigde Naties. In het VN-rapport prijkt ons land met een Human Development Index (HDI) van 0,933 op de tiende plaats van een lijst met 189 landen. De uit gegevens over levensverwachting, scholing en BBP per capita samengestelde index laat verder zien dat er nog steeds grote ongelijkheid zowel tussen als binnen landen bestaat. Volgens de VN vormt die ongelijkheid een mogelijke belemmering voor de welvaartsgroei in veel landen.

Werk is goed voor mens en maatschappij, maar dan moet het wel goed werk zijn. Dit is min of meer de kern van de boodschap in het begin 2020 verschenen WRR-rapport. Die boodschap is zeker niet nieuw, maar eerder al in diverse toonaarden verkondigd, onder meer in termen van arbeidsplaatsverbetering, functie-inhoud, humanisering van arbeid, innovatie van de werkplek, kwaliteit van het werk, sociale innovatie, taakherstructurering en -verrijking, organisatieverandering en werknemersparticipatie. De omvangrijke literatuurlijst bij het WRR-rapport kan dit nog eens extra illustreren. Daarin prijkt bijvoorbeeld een imposante reeks aan in dit verband verschenen rapporten: over de laatste 30 jaar zes van de SER en zeven van de WRR. Om nog maar te zwijgen van de talrijke initiatieven op internationaal en Europees niveau, zoals via het European Workplace Innovation Network. Al met al een aanzienlijk beleidsmatig bereik, zij het met weinig praktische impact. Waarom wil het kwartje maar niet vallen? Ook voor de WRR is het de vraag waarom het scheppen van goed werk niet massaal plaatsvindt, terwijl het toch ook in het belang van de werkgever is. Laten globalisering en technologische ontwikkeling onvoldoende ruimte voor werkplekinnovatie? Of kiezen de directies van bedrijven en instellingen als eerstverantwoordelijken en medebelanghebbenden toch onvoldoende voor de kwaliteit van het werk omdat 'de maatschappelijke baten van goed werk groter zijn dan de private baten voor een individuele werkgever' (p. 211). Waarom zouden ze ook, zolang de overheid zich op dit vlak doorgaans beperkt tot milde dwang en overreding. Vanwaar dan nu een 'nieuwe maatschappelijke opdracht'?

This paper reports on a classroom investigation into a tertiary variation of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) as well as addresses the conceptual and methodological parameters of this method as distinguished from the other two content-based English-taught courses: ESP and EMI. A special challenge for this research was to study the functionality of CLIL in the university settings in terms of content retention and language acquisition as well as the development of communicative culture in university students. With this purpose we conducted a pilot project on CLIL also designing a triple vector observation scheme (content retention; language acquisition; communication culture) and adding the high order thinking skills dimension as a pivotal learning goal in a CLIL-based English classroom. The project comprised 8 syllabi-based sub-modules that featured scientific content and was conducted among 78 humanities majors. Findings show that students’ cognitive and communicative needs do not find sufficient support in the existing L2 courses to which CLIL may serve as a solution. Introduction of CLIL even at the level of a variable sub-module may considerably raise students’ satisfaction with L2 courses and provide a reliable backing in the development of their academic thinking and communicative culture. References Григорьева К.С., Салехова Л.Л. Реализация принципов предметно-языкового интегрированного обучения с помощью технологий Web 2.0 в техническом вузе. Вестник РУДН. Серия ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. 2014. № 2. С. 11-18. Знанецька О.М. Основні дидактичні та методичні принципи викладання іноземної мови. Актуальні проблеми викладання іноземних мов для професійного спілкування : Матеріали Всеукр. наук.- практ. конф., 6–7 квіт. 2012 р. : У 3 т. Д. : Біла К.О., 2012. С. 60-62. Retrieved from: http://www.confcontact.com/2012edu/2012edu_tom1.pdf Barrios, E., Lara, M. (2020). CLIL methodology, materials and resources, and assessment in a monolingual context: an analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions in Andalusia. The Language Learning Journal, 48(1), 60-80. Cummins, J. (1984). Bilingualism and Special Education. In Issues in Assessment and Pedagogy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Dafouz, E., Nunez, B., Sancho, C., & Foran, D. (2007). Integrating CLIL at the Tertiary Level: Teachers’ and Students’ Reactions in Diverse Contexts-converging Goals: CLIL in Europe, edited by D. Marsh and D. Wolff. (pp. 91–101). Frankfurt: Peter Lang. Fortanet-Gómez, I. & Bellés-Fortuño, B. (2008). The relevance of discourse markers in teacher training courses for Content and Language Integrated Learning in higher education. In O. Martí Arnáinz, & M. P. Safont Jordá (Eds), Achieving multilingualism: Wills and ways. Proceedings of the First international conference on multilingualism (ICOM) (pp. 149-159). Castelló de la Plana: Universitat Jaume I. Graham, K. M, Choi, Y., Davoodi, A., Razmeh, S., & Dixon L.Q. (2018). Language and Content Outcomes of CLIL and EMI: A Systematic Review. LACLIL, 11(1), 19-37. Jiang, Li., Jun Zhang, L., & May, S. (2019). Implementing English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in China: Teachers’ Practices and Perceptions, and students’ Learning Motivation and Needs. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 22(2), 107-119. Meyer, O. (2010). Introducing the CLIL-Pyramid: Key Strategies and Principles for CLIL Planning and Teaching. Basic issues in EFL Teaching and Learning, 295-313. Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. (2010). Immersion and CLIL in English: More differences than similarities. ELT Journal, 64(4), 367-375. Yang, W. (2016). ESP vs CLIL: A Coin of Two Sides or a Continuum of Two Extremes? ESP Today. Vol. 4(1). P.43-68. References (translated and transliterated) Grigorieva K.S., Salekhova L.L. (2014). Realizatsia printsipov predmetno-yazykovogo integrirovannogo obucheniya s pomoshchyu tekhnologiy Web 2.0 v tekhnicheskom vuze. [Realisation of subject and language integrated learning principles using Web 2.0 technologies in higher technical school]. Vesnik RUDY. Seriya Informatizatsyia Obrazovaniya. No. 2. P. 11-18. Znanetska, O. (2012) Osnovni dydaktychni ta metodychni pryntsypy vykladannia inozemnoyi movy [The main didactic and methodical principles of teaching foreign languages]. Aktualni problemy ykladannia inozemnykh mov dlia professiynoho spilkuvannia: materialy Vseukr. nauk.-prakt. konf., 6-7 kvit. 2012 r.: U 3 t. D.: Bila K.O. P. 60-62. Retrieved from: http://www.confcontact.com/2012edu/2012edu_tom1.pdf Barrios, E., Lara, M. (2020). CLIL methodology, materials and resources, and assessment in a monolingual context: an analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions in Andalusia. The Language Learning Journal, 48(1), 60-80. Cummins, J. (1984). Bilingualism and Special Education. In Issues in Assessment and Pedagogy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Dafouz, E., Nunez, B., Sancho, C., & Foran, D. (2007). Integrating CLIL at the Tertiary Level: Teachers’ and Students’ Reactions in Diverse Contexts-converging Goals: CLIL in Europe, edited by D. Marsh and D. Wolff. (pp. 91–101). Frankfurt: Peter Lang. Fortanet-Gómez, I. & Bellés-Fortuño, B. (2008). The relevance of discourse markers in teacher training courses for Content and Language Integrated Learning in higher education. In O. Martí Arnáinz, & M. P. Safont Jordá (Eds), Achieving multilingualism: Wills and ways. Proceedings of the First international conference on multilingualism (ICOM) (pp. 149-159). Castelló de la Plana: Universitat Jaume I. Graham, K. M, Choi, Y., Davoodi, A., Razmeh, S., & Dixon L.Q. (2018). Language and Content Outcomes of CLIL and EMI: A Systematic Review. LACLIL, 11(1), 19-37. Jiang, Li., Jun Zhang, L., & May, S. (2019). Implementing English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in China: Teachers’ Practices and Perceptions, and students’ Learning Motivation and Needs. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 22(2), 107-119. Meyer, O. (2010). Introducing the CLIL-Pyramid: Key Strategies and Principles for CLIL Planning and Teaching. Basic issues in EFL Teaching and Learning, 295-313. Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. (2010). Immersion and CLIL in English: More differences than similarities. ELT Journal, 64(4), 367-375. Yang, W. (2016). ESP vs CLIL: A Coin of Two Sides or a Continuum of Two Extremes? ESP Today. Vol. 4(1). P.43-68.

<p><strong>CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF </strong><strong>CONCOMITANT AND PHARMACOTHERAPY </strong><strong>OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KINDEY DISEASE OF V STAGE</strong></p><p>I. O. Fedyak, *N. V. Sholoyko, V. O. Vorokh</p><p>Ivano-FrankivskNationalMedicalUniversity, Ivano-Frankivsk</p><p>*BohomoletsNationalMedicalUniversity,Kiev</p><p class="1"> <strong>Introduction.</strong> According to the Budget Code, providing patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by materials for hemodialysis performed for the expense of local budgets, which do not cover all costs, and regional differences range from 20 to 80% However, besides funding of materials for maintenance apparatus “artificial kidney” patients with hemodialysis should receive concomitant therapy. The <strong>purpose</strong> <strong>of this study</strong> was to analyze parameters funding for dialysis patients with CKD stage V in different regions, as well as clinical and economic evaluation of the concomitant pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic renal failure in Ivano-Frankivsk region.</p><p class="1"> <strong>Research methods.</strong> Specifics of hemodialysis funding in the Carpathian region have been studied by analyzing available sources and interview analysis in dynamics of years of the head of the dialysis department of theIvano-FrankivskRegionalClinicalHospital – Oleg Lehun. According to the data of patients’ medical records, it was performed integrated frequency / ABC / VEN-analysis.</p><p class="1"> <strong>Results and discussion.</strong> During2013 in the Carpathian region, hemodialysis sessions were held 327 patients, 8 people were on peritoneal dialysis, and for 19 – was carried out an operation with kidney transplantation. The total number of patients was 364 persons, which was amounted in total to 1,000,000 of population with renal replacement therapy – 263.4 patient, with hemodialysis – 236.6 persons (89.8 %); with peritoneal dialysis – 13.0 (4.9 %); with kidney transplantation – 13.7 (5.2 %). In 2014 the total number of Precarpathians who were taken hemodialysis renal substitution therapy was 391 people, of whom at 01.01.2015 was only 337 remaining patients (difference – the dead and those who left the region). In 2015 extracorporeal blood purification method in Ivano-Frankivsk region received a total of 375 patients, and on 01.10.2015 there were 338 people. In other regions, the situation with the financing of hemodialysis according to reports in an open network was much worse.</p><p class="1"> Distribution of 74 inpatient medical records of patients with acute and chronic renal failure by sex showed the domination of men over women. The largest number of patients were in the age range of 30-39 and 60-69 years, mostly living in rural areas (66 %). According to data analysis, patients with CKD frequently prescribed medicine is calcium carbonate (Elite-Pharm,Ukraine) (11.88 %), which is to the corresponding Protocol. At the same time, accept therapy according to the Protocols, they also have a significant treatment of concomitant diseases.</p><p class="1"> According to the study, the total cost of pharmacotherapy consumed by patients who were treated in the department of dialysis by the methods of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, amounted on 01.01.2014 as 7 461.29 UAH and on 01.07.2015 – 26 114.52 UAH (for 1 patient – 310.89 UAH and 1 088.11 UAH respectively). The leader group of the most expensive medicines were medicines for treatment of concomitant diseases.</p><p class="1"> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Financial support for the regional program “Health of Carpathian population in 2013-2020 years” for the last 3 years, meets the need in hemodialysis of 327-391 patients. However, the medicines patients have to purchase at their own expense. However, patients with chronic kidney disease, as the study found, mostly related to the poor and disadvantaged sections of society, so in addition to dialysis, they need state aid also on medicines. The results of retrospective clinical and economic analysis of therapy that was consumed by patients indicate that they have received treatment to prevent frequent complications of chronic kidney disease (35 % designated drugs by name and 38 % of the total cost of treatment) and treatment of concomitant diseases (65 % of medicines by name and 62 % of the cost of treatment) that requires correction according to required Formulary approach.</p><p class="1"><strong>References</strong></p><p class="1">1. Pro polipshennya yakosti ta orhanizatsiyi systemy medychnoyi dopomohy doroslym khvorym nefrolohichnoho profilyu: Nakaz MOZ Ukrayiny vid 30.09.2003 r. № 65 / 462 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu : https://moz.gov.ua/ua/portal/dn_20030930__462.html.<br /> 2. Medyko-profilaktychna dopomoha khvorym nefrolohichnoho profilyu 2009-2012, shcho robyty dali? [Tekst] / M. O. Kolesnyk, N. O. Saydakova, N. I. Kozlyuk, S. S. 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