Dissertationen zum Thema „Prise de décision intra-Familiale“
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Carrillo, Paloma. „Essais en économie du développement : prise de décision intra-familiale et gestion publique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU10011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the main objectives of development economics is to produce findings that easily translate into policy recommendations. My thesis explores two topics that can influence policies aimed at empowering women and improving the functioning of public institutions in Latin America. In the first two chapters, I investigate the impact of gender norms and exposure to violence on women's decision-making power within households in Mexico. In the third chapter, I examine how reducing information frictions can enhance the use of public administrative data to improve the management and services of courts in Chile.In the first chapter, I investigate why working mothers in Mexico dedicate an average of eighteen hours more to weekly paid and unpaid work than fathers. Particularly, I examine the role gender norms play in determining this work time disparity. To do so, I extend a collective labor supply model with household production to include gender norms and estimate it using Mexican survey data from 2002, 2005, and 2009. The model predictions can replicate the changes in total work time disparity over time. I find that more egalitarian gender norms reduce the total work time disparity between spouses and that their impact is comparable with that of wages. For example, a 16 percentage-point increase in a gender norm index between 2002 and 2005 caused a 2.6-hour decrease in total work time disparity mainly through an increase in women's bargaining power. To achieve the same 2.6-hour reduction, women's wages would need to increase by 11% over 2005 levels.In the second chapter, using longitudinal data on household decision-making in Mexico, I explore the impact of a violence environment, measured by homicides, on spouses' decisions and their bargaining power. I find that an increase in the homicide rate decreases the number of decisions taken by women and men, thus reducing the number of decisions taken jointly. For example, the average increase of 9.3 homicides in the twelve-month homicide rate during the War on Drugs caused couples to decrease the number of joint decisions by 6% from its baseline. The changes in joint decisions represent a reversal into more historical gender spheres of decisions, with men lowering their participation in decisions about children's education and clothing while women reducing their decisions on male private consumption goods and large expenditures. Suggesting that although the reduction in number of decisions was similar for both women and men, community violence might dis-empower women in the household.The last topic I analyse in this thesis relates to public institutions. In Latin America, there is a wealth of administrative data available from public institutions. However, a lack of data management and analytic skills is a significant barrier to utilizing this data for evidence-based decision-making. In the third chapter, co-authored with Daniel Chen, Manuel Ramos-Masqueda, and Bernardo Silveira, we examine the extent to which information frictions in management are a meaningful barrier to court productivity in Chile. First, we randomly promote the use of an online platform featuring court statistics through email campaigns directed towards court managers. Second, within this platform, we simplify the main homepage feedback containing the information on court statistics and randomize managers' access to it. We find that the email promotion and the simplification of the homepage feedback enhance court productivity across multiple indicators. For instance, the new simplified homepage increased case clearance by one standard deviation for those who log into the platform. Additionally, we find that the treatments are more effective for more experienced court managers, who have less accurate baseline beliefs. This suggests that reducing information frictions not only enhances overall court performance but also helps bridge the performance gap between less and more experienced court managers
Hamou-Poline, Judith. „Les stratégies d'influence des enfants et les styles parentaux dans la prise de décision familiale d'achat“. Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to examine the family decision-making process, rather than just the decision maker or the outcome. So, we are going to examine children's influence in purchase decisions thanks to children influence strategies and parental styles. Beacause we do not know any available scale about children influence strategies, we are going to develop ours. We identified five major dimensions : bargaining, legitimate influence, emotional, financial involvement, exploitation of circumstances. Reliability and validity of the scale are satisfied. The impact of this influence strategies has been studied. Some of them allow children to have more influence in the family decision making. About parental styles, we adapt the scale of two american researchers (carlson and grossbart, 1988). We identified three dimensions. They are : "educative", "affective" and "nutritive" dimensions. This styles can explain children influence because children are going to adapt their strategies to family context
Ratté, Stéphane. „Étude comparative randomisée de l’efficacité et de l’impact sur la prise de décision clinique en médecine familiale de deux moteurs de recherche médicaux : InfoClinique et TRIP Database“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28993/28993.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePellerin, Marc-André. „Évaluation des pratiques professionnelles : les résidents en médecine familiale et l'application des comportements associés à la prise de décision partagée“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27784/27784.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVallerie, Bernard. „La prise d'une décision comme moment éducatif : adolescents en situation de difficulté, suppléance familiale en accueil résidentiel et pouvoir d'agir“. Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/vallerie_b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research focuses on decisions concerning adolescents in difficulty in the setting of residential childcare. What are the conditions which might make these moments educational, when the adolescent is trying hard to make his point of view accepted (power of persuasion), while his parents exert their autority in determining the choices (power of decision) ? As concerns the role of the team of care workers, we make the hypothesis that it exerts an appropriate power of influence if it favours, on the one hand, the negotiation between the adolescent and his parents, on the other hand, the exercise of the parental authority. From which stems the interest of a synergistic development of these three powers. During interviews, the concerned persons are invited to describe the decision-making process relative to the organization of the holidays of five adolescents. It emerges from the analysis of the data gathered that the synergism supposes an unconditional prompting of the family. When the care workers are in the parental role, this only allows the development of a power persuasion by the adolescent but does not contribute to the emergence of a family negotiation or to the exercise of the parents' power. The reference to the notion of empowerment allows us to specify the benefits and the forms of partnership between the care workers and family members
Allaire, Anne-Sophie. „Facteurs influençant la participation des médecins à un programme de développement professionnel continu en prise de décision partagée“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28639/28639.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiendéré, Gisèle Glawdys. „Communication du risque et clarification des valeurs, deux éléments essentiels de la décision partagée : étude descriptive dans cinq unités de médecine familiale du Québec“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to estimate the proportion of consultations in family medicine reporting risk communication, and clarification of values and preferences during the medical decision-making process. In 238 clinician-patient dyads (238 patients and 71 clinicians), we observed 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54% - 70%) of visits where risk communication, value clarification and preference elicitation occurred. We also observed that six factors were associated with the presence of these two elements during the discussion with: 1) new therapeutic options (OR = 3.54; 95% CI 1.32 - 9.48); 2) treatment options (OR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.52 - 8.36); 3) presence of five health decisions or more (OR = 5.00; 95% CI 1.5 - 16.9), 4) postponing a decision (OR = 4.92; 95% CI 1.35 - 17.87); 5) the longer visits (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.002 - 1.07) and the collaborative decision-making style of health professionals (OR = 8.78; 95% CI 1.62 - 47.71). Interventions directly targeting those that are modifiable should be considered to increase risk communication and values clarification during the process of medical decision making in primary care.
Brito, Bruno Claudia. „Contribution à la connaissance des déterminants dans le choix du successeur de l'entreprise familiale dominicaine“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the last years in Latin American there have been researches that identifythe family business inside their scope of study, contributing some data thatconfirm their important presence and role in the economy of several countries(Poza E. (1995); (Khulman, 1996) (Kajihara, 1998); (Davis J. A., 2006).Dominican Republic is not the exception, as explained by Van der Linde & Bello(2001); in the country exists a solid family business network in its first andsecond generations, with some big companies on their third, statement thatproduces evidence to develop an interest and need to prevent the mortality ofsuch companies.The practice that is modeled in the family business to achieve their intergenerationalsurvival is succession, understood as a process that culminates withthe decision making of a new successor leader who will have the company underhis/her command (Chua, Chrisman, & Sharma, 1999); (Chrisman, Chua, &Sharma, 2003).What we usually call “decision making” is a process that is applied to everydaysituations in the management of organizations, which turns complex andintricate in the context of family business. Thereon Basly S., (2005) made acomparison between family and non-family businesses proposing a logic ofdecision making different in each one, and highlighting the dominant dimension,process, speed and assumptions in which the decision is sustained. This studysuggests that family businesses are not governed by the normative model of decision making, assertion that gave us a clue to step into the subject ofrationality and decision making in the family business.Citing Simon (1955) the purpose of all constructions of an approximaterationality is to give materials for the development of a theory of the behavior ofdecision making individuals in the context of an organization. Nonetheless andopposite, we have the paradox that if we assume the type of overall rationality ofthe classical theory, the problems of the inner structure of the company, orwhatever organization it is, disappear almost completely
Aissaoui, Souria. „Elaboration d'un outil pour l'évaluation et l'amélioration de la qualité de la prise de décision lors du Comité d'Onco-Génétique multidisciplinaire dans le cadre de prédisposition héréditaire au cancer colorectal. : une expérience française“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe most common diseases that predispose for colorectal cancers are Lynch Syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. The genes of MMR system, the APC gene and the MUTYH gene are respectively responsible. Genetic counselling is imperative for an optimal care making for patients and at-risk families. Multidisciplinary committees (MDC) are organized so as to help healthcare professionals for gene analysis decision and families' follow-up. Our aim is evaluation and improvement of quality decision-making for at-risk families. A disparate distribution of decisions from one familial case to another equivalent one has been suspected and observed. In Lyon region we created a database to analyse that and contribute to harmonize the different participants' work in MDC. Results: the 33 French oncogenetic main consultation centers described the organization of their MDC. Answering rate reached 100%. Among these centers, 76% developed a specific MDC, whereas 24% used standard consultation. About 3.75 different medical specialities are gathered by MDC. Among them, there are oncogeneticists (100%), gastroenterologists (76%), genetic counsellors (84%), surgeons (32%), and biologists (36%). Twenty percent of centers having a specific MDC evaluate all their patient cases, whereas 80% select them. In Lyon region, a computerized tool has been elaborated and will be widely disseminated to every collaborating partners of our MDC. It will enable us to standardize our decision-making and, by comparing decisions through quality criteria, to differentiate and categorize some patients/families groups. A better rationalization of care management, families' follow-up and prevention is targeted
Camblanne, Lionel. „Les comportements de gestion des forestiers : contribution à la connaissance des conséquences de perspectives intergénérationnelles sur les décisions du dirigeant d'entreprise familiale“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe forest landowner can be set up as a model of a business manager who leads a wood manufacture, his woodland. He can be considered as a particular business manager whose activity is characterized by an unique decision, to cut or not to cut the trees ; and by a long planning horizon on several generations.Through the observation that the forest landowners' behaviors are not totally rational in comparison with the function of the woodland production, the research explores the origins of biases that affect behaviors, and specifically the family vision on business, due to the impact of each decision on the future of the coming generations. In this objective, based on psychological researches, a theoretical background is implemented, which proposes a model of the various biases that can affect managers.By comparing the different cases of forest landowners, the family vision is found as the origin of a conative bias that triggers a behavioral inertia. This inertia appears to be variable according to the specificities of the managers' families. The various forest landowners' behaviors allow to grasp new elements concerning behavioral governance through the proposition of both a behavior analyzing tool and a mechanism which aims to identify the origins of biases through a differential method , and allow to infer the mean to correct them
Ardiale, Éléonore. „Sélection stratégique et vieillissement cognitif : rôle du changement stratégique intra-item“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePsychology research has shown that young and older adults used different strategies to accomplish a cognitive task. Thus, the issue of how we choose a strategy among several available strategies is raised. In order to further understand strategy selection, the goal of this thesis was to investigate the within-item strategy switching and its evolution with age, on one hand, and to highlight mechanisms involved in the selection strategy, on other hand. Our data show that different variables, intrinsic and extrinsic to the problems, affect the ability of switching strategies within item during aging. Young and older adults interrupt a mid-execution strategy and choose a different strategy than previously executed. Participants switched strategies more frequently to choose the best strategy, and especially when the strategy was easy to execute. Older adults had more difficulties than young adults to switch strategies and therefore, they chose less frequently the best strategy. We also show that the strategy selection is associated with increased brain activities in prefrontal regions, well known to be the seat of executive functions. Finally, we discuss how these results have important implications for theoretical models of strategy selection, and for cognitive aging
Paquin, Pauline. „Les effets de la surconfiance des dirigeants sur les décisions managériales : le cas des dirigeants français du SBF 120“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation focuses on CEO’s overconfidence and analyze its effects on accounting and financial decisions. After having defined the outlines of this bias, we conduct a literature review on the CEO’s overconfidence and its effects for firms. Research offers mixed conclusions about these effects. To test the impacts of this bias, we set up an original database and analyze the behaviour of CEO’s of SBF-120 over the 2006-2016 period. We show that CEOs’ overconfidence affects the investment cash-flow sensitivity as well as earnings management. An original contribution of this research is to show that effective governance mechanisms can mitigate the effects of the bias or, on the contrary, encourage them, according to the motives of the controlling shareholder. We also show the fact that the CEO’s belonging to the controlling family modifies the expression of one’s bias
Miceli, Pamela. „Dilemmes familiaux de la prise en charge de la maladie d’Alzheimer : principes, relations et émotions“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom an analytical model, combining the theoretical contributions of the sociology of family support and the sociology of emotions, we analyze the experience of family care of Alzheimer’s disease through three dilemmas: the exercise of the patient’s toilet, the use of reception and housing structures by families and intervention in the patient’s private life. Theses dilemmas are understood through the prism of three registers of interpretation, action and justification: a register of principles, a relational register and an emotional register. Our analysis light up the plural singularity of experiences and implications of relatives of Alzheimer’s patients
A partir de un modelo analítico que combina las contribuciones teóricas de las sociologías del apoyo familiar y de las emociones, se analiza la experiencia de la atención familiar de la enfermedad de Alzheimer a través de tres dilemas: el ejercicio del baño del enfermo, el uso de centros de día y residencias, y la intervención en su vida privada. Estos dilemas se entienden bajo el prisma de tres registros de interpretación, acción y justificación: un registro de principios, un registro relacional y un registro emocional. Nuestros análisis aclaran la singularidad plural de las experiencias e implicaciones de los familiares de los enfermos
Lollo, Eleonora. „Social capital in the context of development : which measure and which impact on women empowerment in Indonesia ?“ Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the last decades, the concept of social capital has gained increasing popularity in economics. Yet substantial ambiguity exists about how to assess the "social" aspect of human life and what meaning to attribute to the term "capital". To shed a new light on the concept, I develop a new conceptual framework and I make it operational for analysis and policy in the context of development by investigating issues of gender empowerment. From a theoretical perspective, this conceptual framework defines social capital as the amount of expectations and obligations that individuals accumulate when they interact and identifies its constituting dimensions: homogeneity among individuals, frequency of contacts and hierarchization of relationships. These dimensions are responsible for the function of coordination, attributed to social capital, as well for the wide range of outcomes observed in the literature. This framework is then operationalized through an index of social capital at the individual level in Indonesia. A connection with the capability approach to welfare economics is established to better understand those channels through which social capital affects individual well-being. At the empirical level, an investigation of the determinants of women empowerment in the household is consequently proposed, with social capital as the main explanatory variable. This work shows that the concept of social capital is fundamental to explore individuals' agency and well-being and that it has both positive and negative effects on women empowerment
Hamelin, Héloïse. „Perturbation des processus décisionnels : mise en évidence de vulnérabilités à la consommation de sucre ou d'édulcorants chez la souris“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecision making is a cognitive and adaptative process essential to survival. Adapted choices relie on several mental processes integration which lead to choose the most efficient option. Choices are driven by primary rewards, such as food or reproduction, or by secondary rewards, indirectly related to survival, such as novelty exploration. In a dynamic environment, long term adapted decisions require the development of behavioral flexibility, learning and evaluation of choices and their consequences in order to better anticipate them in the future. This Ph.D. work aimed to assess non pathological impacts on decision process, neural substrate and neurochemistry, of reward system perturbation. We have studied, in adult and adolescent mice, a continuous consumption of low doses of sucrose and sweeteners. For this purpose, we have used different behavioral paradigms classically used in the lab : the Mouse Gambling Task (MGT) and the Social Interaction Task (SIT) which place respectively the mouse in a food seeking context or a contexte of interaction with a same-sex congener, asking planification, and flexible adaptation of actions. Individual variability of behavioral responses was studied to determine if some individuals are more vulnerable than others to develop behavioral disorders. My results show that reward system perturbations by long term sweet or sweeteners consumption affect decision behavior, whatever the reward, food or social interaction. These behavioral alterations come with neuronal activity and neurochemistry modifications, especially concerning dopamine levels and turn over, in the prefrontal cortex, and the striatum structures markedly involved in reward evaluation, learning and behavioral flexibility. Sweet, and sweeteners consumptions that start from adolescence amplified neurochemical modifications observed after adult consumption, leading to additional serotoninergic modifications.Finally, early or late consumption revealed vulnerability markers : according to the consumed products, between 55 and 65% of mice display extreme decision profiles as compared to only 45% of mice that consummed plain water. Mice which consumed sweeteners showed significantly more pronounced behavioral rigidity while those consumming sucrose were more hesitant and emphasized risk taking. My results show that reward system perturbation by extended sweet, or sweeteners consumption is sufficient to cause high behavioral, and cerebral altérations, independently of any metabolic adjustement. These alterations, pointing to individual vulnerability, and resilience, are new clues for unraveling vulnerability markers to develop behavioral disorders
Thibout, Claire. „Efficience et stéréotypes de genre : applications à l'allocation des ressources dans les ménages et aux choix éducatifs“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the study of decision making within couples and the analysis of gendered educational choices. Until now, economic models provide a better understanding of behaviors, but do not achieve to explain gender differences in a whole. Indeed, traditional economic variables do not allow to represent entirely the allocation of time between partners, and human capital models do not achieve to explain why girls choose less paid tracks. The first chapter of this dissertation aims at better understanding determinants of “who gets what” within couples, in terms of monetary resources and time. Then a second chapter focuses on the production sphere of the household, by confronting the efficiency assumption to the allocation of time within couples. It is shown that the efficiency assumption seems to be challenged in the household production process. But how can we then represent behaviors ? It may be judicious to try to represent a second best optimum, integrating some constraints or social representations, and particularly gender stereotypes or different beliefs in the society on the abilities of men and women. The third chapter than investigates the impact of different beliefs about the abilities of boys and girls in sciences and humanities on educational choices. Then a last chapter analyses the influence of gender stereotypes upon abilities of men and women to produce domestic goods
Apedo-Amah, Dedevi S. Marie Christine. „Modelization and analysis of NGOs impact in developing countries“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis addresses the question of how to ensure the success of development projects executed by private firms, especially Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs are non-profit firms that are similar to governments in their concern about beneficiaries' welfare and to standard private firms in their organizational form. Their involvement in development projects raises the issue of how well they perform in service provision compared to alternative entities. Despite the rapid growth of the non-profit sector, especially international firms based in high-income countries that operate in low-income countries, the existing literature on economic development has hardly investigated the issue of non-profit performance and regulation. The three chapters of this thesis emphasize differences between NGOs and either private for-profit firms or governements, and examine how the very nature of each type of organization affects service provision. The two key questions are why and under which conditions to choose an NGO as goods or services provider in the framework of a development project, and how to ensure beneficiaries' cultural norms do not undermine the success of development projects
Barus, Lita Sari. „Contribution to the intercity modal choise considering the intracity transport systems : application of an adapted mixed multinomial Logit model for the Jakarta-Bandung corridor“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2223/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn ideal city or intercity transport system is one where all the transport networks, involving in general different modes of transport, could serve together the cities connections to fulfill a passenger demand and satisfaction. Each transport network should have a logical layout (as possible with minimum discontinuities) to meet the required demands. Also in that ideal system, the different modes of transport should not only have their own good performances but also the exchange between modes should be done with harmony. The conditions as mentioned above are worldwide challenges. The present work deals with the transportation problematic between two Indonesian cities, and also with the high modal competition on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. On that corridor, road transport is currently the main demanding mode for passengers transportation. The airlines cannot compete and discontinued their operations to this route. Nowadays, railway transport is decaying. Passengers preferences are the main variables for the final modal choice. It is necessary to know preferences due to their decisions impacts to choose one mode over the others. Those preferences are in fact not simple to express in a complex city and intercity transport system. In transportation, the Logit model is widely used as a method to explore the problematic of modal choices involving a lot of different variables. There are several Logit models already developed, such as “General Extreme Value”, “Probit”, and “Nested model”, but in this research, they are not compatible to solve our defined problems because there are some particular identified variables to be taken into account. Therefore we propose the "Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit (AMML)" Model as a tool for analysis towards passenger's decision in modal choices. On the Jakarta-Bandung corridor, modal choices are influenced by the encountered problems in intercity transport at origin and destination. One part on this research deals with identification and understanding of the intracity transport problems of origin and destination on the choice of transport mode in Jakarta-Bandung corridor (Jakarta-Bandung and Bandung-Jakarta direction). The second part of this research deals with the final decision process by analyzing the results of questionnaires addressed to many users of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The five main variables of the last questionnaire are travel time, overall cost, security conditions, quality of travel information and connectivity conditions relevant to intercity transport and intracities transport conditions as well. After validation of the questionaires, this research uses the AMML model to get final decision result by comparing one mode among three intercity transport mode (train, minibus, and car) using the values of the variables. Taking into account the characteristics of each intercity mode of transportation, the analysis identifies the most competitive intercity transport mode for each situation from departure city to arrival city. Using alternative public and private transport modes policies, one could in the future modify passenger choice on intercity transport mode. Therefore, this study is relevant for improving of intracity and intercity transport systems