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1
Hynes, Michael C. „Principles for Principals“. Arithmetic Teacher 36, Nr. 1 (September 1988): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.1.0037.
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This is the first installment of a column that will focus on issues related to elementary and middle school mathematics. Each month a principal will be highlighted and principles for administrative involvement in mathematics instruction will be preented.
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Crealock, Carol. „Principles and Principals“. Contemporary Psychology 48, Nr. 1 (Februar 2003): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000732.
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Israel, David R. „Principles for principals“. Journal of Systems Integration 3, Nr. 2 (Juni 1993): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01974952.
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Rubin, Eric J. „Changing Principals, Keeping Principles“. New England Journal of Medicine 381, Nr. 11 (12.09.2019): 1069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme1911103.
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Donchin, Anne. „Reworking Autonomy: Toward a Feminist Perspective“. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, Nr. 1 (1995): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100005636.
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The principled approach to theory building that has been a conspicuous mark of bioethical theory for the past generation has in recent years fallen under considerable critical scrutiny. Although some critics have confined themselves to reordering the dominant principles, others have rejected a principled approach entirely and turned to alternative paradigms. Prominent among critics are antiprin-ciplists, who want to jettison the principle-based approach altogether and adopt a casuistic (case-specific) model, and communitarians, who favor an eclectic model combining features of both the casuistic model and a modified principled approach. Particularly conspicuous in virtually all such critiques is their challenge to the preeminence of the principle of autonomy. Critical barbs have been aimed not only at theories favoring a hierarchical ordering of moral principles that give first place to autonomy, but also at those that include autonomy among a set of ostensibly coequal principles. Though these critics have performed a valued function by displacing bioethical principles from their Olympian perch beyond actual decision-making contexts, some version of the principle of autonomy may, nonetheless, be well worth defending but for very different reasons than those put forward by its supporters.
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Anpilohova, B. Yu. „The primary principles of social protection in the context of social risk“. Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, Nr. 5 (17.11.2023): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.48.
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The article elucidates the inherent nature, structure, and substance of the foundational principles underpinning social protection in Ukraine, especially within the purview of social risk. These principles form the bedrock of the legal mechanisms governing social protection. A salient discovery is that Ukraine's legal mechanism for social protection operates under a dual- principled framework: the primary, universally acknowledged legal principles and the specialized principles, predominantly the principles of social protection. The overarching legal principles serve as cardinal ideas that enable the aforementioned mechanisms to seamlessly integrate and evolve within Ukraine's legal infrastructure. This ensures that there are no inadvertent risks to the prevailing legal framework in general and particularly in the social domain. The principles of social protection are pivotal, guiding the functioning and evolution of the associated legal mechanisms, particularly in alignment with the objectives of social law and, more specifically, the goals of social protection. Two primary facets underscore this prominence. Firstly, these principles provide depth to the overarching legal principles, contextualized within the realm of social protection and the broader social existence of individuals, society, and the state. This context is notably susceptible to the challenges posed by social risks. Secondly, they serve as the foundational tenets of the aforementioned legal mechanism. This underscores their role as core guiding concepts in the formulation, execution, and enhancement of this legal mechanism's operations. The primary special principles of the legal mechanism for social protection, within the context of social risk, encompass the subsequent principles of social protection: the principle of humanistic social justice; the principle of universality and accessibility; the principle of consistency and complexity; the principle of resocialization; the principle of adaptability; the principle of targeted social protection; and the principle of reliability. The article's conclusions consolidate the research findings, emphasizing that the principles of social protection are both a cornerstone of social law and the foundation for the establishment, refinement, and functionality of Ukraine's legal mechanism for social protection. This understanding is paramount when considering the socio-legal phenomenon of social risk.
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Brady, Laurie. „Professional Development: Principles for Principals“. Curriculum and Teaching 10, Nr. 2 (01.01.1995): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/ct/10.2.07.
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Leiva, Miriam A. „Principles for Principals: Facilitating Change“. Arithmetic Teacher 36, Nr. 6 (Februar 1989): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.6.0060.
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Changes are taking place in the teaching and learning of mathematics—students are actively involved in doing mathematics with manipulatives and models; they are discussing problems among themelves with their teacher's guidance; they are exploring alternate ways to solve problems; and they are posing questions and examining solu tions (Dossey et al. 1988). This student-oriented, problem-solving approach is advocated by NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluw ion Standards for School Mathematics (Commission on Standards for School Mathematics of the NCTM 1987) and supported by the finding of the 1986 National As essment of Educa tional Progress. Principals, the instructional leaders in the schools. can be facilitator of change, and their support of innovative programs and activitie is crucial to reforming school mathematics.
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Guyvan, P. D. „The European justice principle: significant principles“. Legal position, Nr. 1 (2020): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32836/2521-6473.2020-1.18.
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Fujiwara, Makoto, Hajime Ishihara und Takako Nemoto. „Some principles weaker than Markov’s principle“. Archive for Mathematical Logic 54, Nr. 7-8 (08.09.2015): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00153-015-0444-9.
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Bowmer, C. J. „Principle lead principles in general pharmacology“. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 10, Nr. 6 (Juni 1989): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(89)90272-1.
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Edwards, James. „HARM PRINCIPLES“. Legal Theory 20, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2014): 253–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135232521500004x.
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ABSTRACTMuch time has been spent arguing about the soundness of “the harm principle.” But in the philosophical literature there is no single such principle; there are many harm principles. And many objections pressed against “the harm principle” are objections to only some of these principles. The first half of this paper draws a number of distinctions between harm principles. It then argues that each harm principle is compatible with many other principles that impose limits on the law, including but not limited to other harm principles. The second half of the paper applies the lessons of the first to a number of prominent objections to “the harm principle.” That principle has been accused of a) being underinclusive; b) misrepresenting the reasons why many act-types ought to be legally proscribed; c) permitting lawmakers to treat people as mere means of achieving their ends; and d) being overinclusive. The paper argues that one harm principle survives all four objections.
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Farida, Farida, und Chasan Ma'ruf. „Mutu Pendidikan Kelompok Bermain Nur Masithah Sampang Di Tinjau Dari Prinsip ISO 9001:2015“. Thawalib: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam 4, Nr. 1 (05.04.2023): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54150/thawalib.v4i1.193.
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The aim of this research is to find out and describe the picture of the quality of the Nur Masitha Sampang Playgroup in terms of the seven principles of ISO 9001:2015. Qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection techniques: interviews with 1 principal, 2 teachers, 2 students, and 2 parents; observation and documentation. Data processing: reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Data validity with technique and source triangulation. The results of the research show: (1) leadership principles: democratic leadership. (2) the principle of customer focus: learning and playing, books, educational game tools, and parenting. (3) the principle of engagement of people: principals, teachers, and parents. (4) process approach principles: learning schedules, weekly and daily program implementation plans, SOPs for arrival and return of students. (5) the principle of improvement: innovation of indoor and outdoor learning processes. (6) principles of evidence-based decision making: improving learning through meetings at the end and beginning of the semester. (7) the principle of relation management: cooperation with the Sampang Himpaudi group and parents.
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McDonald, Hugh P. „Principles: The Principles of Principles“. Pluralist 4, Nr. 3 (2009): 98–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plu.0.0028.
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MCDONALD, HUGH P. „Principles: The Principles of Principles“. Pluralist 4, Nr. 3 (01.10.2009): 98–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20708996.
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Yuneti, Army, und Marianita Marianita. „Determinan Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah“. Journal of Administration and Educational Management (Alignment) 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/alignment.v2i1.731.
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This study aims to describe the leadership style in SMA 5 Lubuklinggau, how the determinants of leadership style principles The research method used is descriptive study, observation and documentation, and this study also uses this type of procedure to develop materials. The results of the study, the environment greatly affects the principal's leadership style, with a good environment can support the application of the principal's leadership style. Conclusion, that research is empirical, education and training, intelligence, skills and environment as capital for principals to be able to apply situational leadership styles, situational leadership styles are very relevant characters and personalities that are different from each other.
Keywords: Determinant, Principle Style
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Guichet, Jean-Marc, und Daniele Clementi. „THE ‘OSTEOSTASIS’ AND ITS FIVE PRINCIPLES: APPLICATION IN LIMB LENGTHENING“. Orthopaedic Proceedings 106-B, SUPP_5 (23.04.2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2024.5.019.
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IntroductionHumans Functions (locomotion, protection of organs, reproduction) require a strong support system (bones). The ‘Osteostasis’ is the ability of maintaining the bone structure, its mechanical characteristics and function. Five principles are required for an efficient bone system:Basic Requirements:1) Stability and 2) Function. Repair System (like house building in desert or sea):3) Roads (vessels), 4) Materials (calories, proteins), 5) Workers (bone cells).Analysis of bone problems through these principles bring to optimised treatments.Materials & MethodsMeasurements (>700 lengthening, 32-year follow-up, Full WB Albizzia/G-Nails FWBAG): Bone-DEXA, WB conditions, muscle, fat, etc.Principle-1. Solid bone replacement with a 100% biocompatible and reliable FWBAG with sports (POD0).Principle-2. Bone, Muscle & neural integrity for function Principle-3. Vascular flow lesions induce non-healing (arteriography). Muscle activity accounts for 90% of bone blood flow, ×10 by sports. Required: Checks (arteriography) and treatments (training)Principle-4. Food (NRV Kcal × 2–3, 20–25% proteins).Principle-5. Maintain bone cells and increase them. Suppress ‘opening’, ‘venting’, ‘drainages’.ResultsPrinciple1. Nail fracture (1.2%), nail dysfunction (0%) with FWBAG.Principle2. Intensive sports preop and from POD0 - Principle3. Increased preop vascular supply & muscle force, postop resistance sports fasten recovery. Wheel-chair or low activity decreases healing.Principle4. 6–9 cm circumference loss (non WB-nails or no proper training); 0 cm circumference loss (gain <10 cm) with intense resistance training + high calory intake. - Principle5. Bone cells preservation (no opening, IM saw, increasing bone cells) allow Healing Index down to 8D/cm.ConclusionsThe ‘5P’ allow reaching treatment targets by optimisation of problem solving, maintaining Osteostasis. What would I like or tolerate for me? How can I reach it? Full WB and sports from POD0 was a target 38 years-ago, still not enforced by most of us. Resistance sports, high-calory intake suppress muscle loss and fasten healing, thanks to muscle blood flow and the ‘5P’.
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Marsho, Nancy. „Principles for Principals: Principal as Learner“. Arithmetic Teacher 36, Nr. 3 (November 1988): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.3.0030.
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Weiss, Violet C. „Principles for Principals: Use of Manipulatives“. Arithmetic Teacher 36, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1988): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.4.0026.
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Meggers, William F. „Principals and principles of spectrochemical analysis“. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 45 (Januar 1989): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8539(89)80229-6.
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Krajewski, Bob. „Enculturating the School: The Principal's Principles“. NASSP Bulletin 80, Nr. 576 (Januar 1996): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019263659608057603.
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Mazzone, Peter J., und James Jett. „Principled Lung Cancer Screening Follows Screening Principles“. Chest 154, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2018): 1265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.08.1056.
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Hansen, Rebecca, und Lior Jacob Strahilevitz. „Toward Principled Background Principles in Takings Law“. Texas A&M Law Review 10, Nr. 3 (März 2023): 427–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v10.i3.3.
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Oversights by lawyers, judges, and legal scholars have caused the Supreme Court’s opinion in Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid to be deeply misunderstood. In Cedar Point, the Court rewrote much of takings law by treating temporary and part-time entries by the government or third parties onto private property as per se takings. Prior to Cedar Point, these sorts of government-authorized physical entries would have been evaluated under a balancing framework that almost invariably enabled the government to prevail. As it happens, there was a well-established rule of black letter law that California’s lawyers and amici failed to invoke in defending the Cedar Point union organizer’s access regulation: A physical takings claim accrues when a regulation authorizing third parties to enter private property is promulgated, not when the third party actually enters the land. A second timing rule was plausibly applicable too: Only the party that owned the land at the time the physical taking cause of action accrued can prevail, and Cedar Point Nursery acquired the land at issue decades later. As a result, Cedar Point Nursery’s lawsuit was filed decades too late. Quite possibly by the wrong plaintiff. California’s mistakes were probably outcome determinative.
Moving beyond Monday-morning quarterbacking, we argue that the statute of limitations arguments available to governments in future cases help provide the essential limiting principles that went unmentioned in Cedar Point. In the aftermath of Cedar Point, prominent scholars denounced the opinion as a vehicle for gutting antidiscrimination law, labor law, environmental law, rent control, and other parts of the regulatory state. Our analysis reveals that these concerns are likely exaggerated because defenders of those longstanding limits on the right to exclude can invoke the statute of limitations arguments that California’s lawyers failed to raise. On the other hand, new restrictions on owners’ rights to exclude are vulnerable to legal challenge. Properly understood, contemporary takings law grandfathers in many longstanding limits on the right to exclude while constraining governments that wish to tackle collective action problems by restricting property rights in new ways. Moreover, statutes of limitations and related doctrines can provide courts with something that has been elusive since the Supreme Court’s 1992 takings decision in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council: a principled and coherent account of what restrictions on owners’ rights are impervious to takings claims because they qualify as background principles of state property law.
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Horsten, Leon. „Provability in Principle and Controversial Constructivistic Principles“. Journal of Philosophical Logic 26, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1997): 635–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1017954806119.
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Hartzell-Nichols, Lauren. „From ‘the’ Precautionary Principle to Precautionary Principles“. Ethics, Policy & Environment 16, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2013): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2013.844569.
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Morvan, Patrick. „What's a Principle?“ European Review of Private Law 20, Issue 2 (01.04.2012): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2012020.
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Abstract: According to the 'romantic' thesis, normative principles have a transcendent, ideal, and absolute character. They aim to fill the gaps of the legislation in an incomplete law. They preserve the coherence and harmony of the juridical system. They are issued by induction from fragmentary dispositions until they become 'suspended in the mind of law' - this vision is unrealistic. Though principles stand out of the scope of written law (they are fundamentally extra-textual or extra legem), they feed an already complete positive law at the cost of setting aside texts or rules that are available but considered inadequate or inopportune. Finally, the principle is naturally opposed to norms of which it overrides the binding force of the law. The genus of principles includes another species than the normative principle: the instrumental principle. Its function is to transfer rules of law between distinct juridical orders and to be used as the formal vector of some norms, under the aegis of a judge or an international arbiter reasoning (allegedly) by analogy and by referring to comparative law. The international public law, the EU law, and the international private relations law are the most importing or borrowing branches of law, wherein 'common principles' and 'bridge-principles' are the vectors of a vertical or horizontal transfer of rules - such as fundamental 'rights', which are not normative principles in essence. Résumé: Selon la thèse 'romantique', les principes normatifs ont un caractère transcendant, idéal et absolu. Ils visent à combler les lacunes de la loi dans un droit incomplet. Ils préservent la cohérence et l'harmonie du système juridique. Il s'induisent de textes épars ou de valeurs supérieures préexistants dans un droit positif jusqu'à se retrouver 'en suspension dans l'esprit du droit' . . . Cette vision est irréaliste. Si les principes s'établissent en marge de la loi écrite (ils ont un caractère foncièrement extra-textuel ou extra legem), c'est en alimentant un droit positif d'ores et déjà complet au prix d'une mise à distance de textes disponibles mais jugés inadéquats ou inopportuns. En définitive, le principe s'oppose par nature à des normes dont il sterilize l'impératif juridique. Le genre des principes comprend une autre espèce que celle du principe normatif: le principe instrumental. Celui-ci a pour fonction de déplacer des règles de droit entre des ordres juridiques distincts et de servir de vecteur formel à des norms quelconques, sous l'égide d'un juge ou d'un arbitre international raisonnant (supposément) par analogie et par référence au droit comparé. Le droit international public, le droit de l'Union européenne et le droit international privé sont à cet égard les branches de droit importatrices ou emprunteuses de normes. Les 'principes communs' et les 'principes-ponts' sont alors les vecteurs d'un transfert vertical ou horizontal de règles - tels que les 'droits' fondamentaux qui ne sont donc pas par essence des principes normatifs.
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VASYLIEV, Serhii. „Principles of achieving legal convergence“. Economics. Finances. Law 4, Nr. - (27.04.2023): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.4.5.
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In every mechanism of legal regulation of social relations, the principles of implementation of such a mechanism play an important role, this is inherent in the process of legal convergence, which is a component of legal globalization. In the scientific legal literature, there is no unified position regarding the role and meaning of the principles of convergence. Based on the analysis of scientific views, the author formulated the definition of the principles of legal convergence and proposed their classification. The essence and content of these principles are conditioned by: (a) a special sphere of legal regulation; (b) supranational nature of legal relations; (c) the influence of various forms and methods of the process of legal globalization. All of the above determines the existence of a special circle of principles on which the process of legal convergence should be built. The specified principles reflect the focus and content of the process of legal convergence. It is very important to take into account the specifics of specific legal systems, and therefore the principles of legal convergence are characterized by universality and compromise. It is proposed to classify the principles of legal convergence into the following groups: (1) international legal principles (the principle of sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of states; the principle of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; the principle of international cooperation, etc.); (2) special principles (the principle of complementarity, the principle of paradigmaticity, the principle of correlation, the principle of efficiency, the principles of systematicity and competence, etc.); (3) national principles (democracy, legality, humanism, etc.).
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Kaminska, Ilona. „FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF EU LAW IN THE LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 71 (18.12.2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2020.71.011.
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The article is devoted to the study of the principles of law that determine the fundamentals of the EU functioning. The concepts of general principles of law, international principles of law as well as principles of EU law are distinguished. The principles of EU law are classified into international, democratic, economic, organizational, functional, sectoral. The study of the principles of EU law is important for Ukrainian science in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The results of the research will help the judiciary to integrate the principles of EU law into its case law. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court will play an important role in the integration of EU law into the national legal order. The following definition of the concept is proposed: the principles of EU law are the fundamental ideological principles of the EU legal system, which determine legal status of the EU as a subject of law and international relations; legal status of EU citizens; basic principles of organization and functioning of the EU; areas, limits and mechanisms for exercising the powers of the EU institutions; principles of legal regulation in the areas that fall within the competence of the EU. The principle of conferral is singled out as a fundamental functional principle from which other principles of EU law originate, namely: the principle of coherence of policies and actions; the principle of open EU cooperation with Member States; the principle of subsidiarity; the principle of proportionality; the principle of open cooperation between EU institutions; the principle of institutional balance. Their relationship and the mandatory nature of compliance are established. The operation of any of the institutions contrary to the principle of conferral or any of the principles named is a ground for appealing against such actions before the Court of Justice. According to Article 263 TFEU, the Court of Justice has the jurisdiction to review the legality of legislative acts, decisions or actions of the European Council, the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Central Bank, as well as bodies, offices and agencies intended to produce legal effects vis-à-vis third parties. The content of the functional principles of EU law is revealed and the order of their application by the Court of Justice of the EU is analyzed on the example of one of the decisions. The classification of principles of EU law on a source of their placement is offered. In the system of principles of EU law should also be distinguished: 1) the principles of law that follow from the provisions of international law (the principle of peaceful cooperation and the principles of the UN Charter); 2) the principles of law derived from the principles of market economy and social policy (the principle of economic, social, territorial unity of the Member States and solidarity between them); 3) the principles of law derived from democratic principles (principle of respect for human dignity, freedom, representative democracy, equality, rule of law, respect for human rights, including the rights of minorities). Therefore, in a general sense, the system of principles of EU law includes: international principles of law, general (democratic principles of law, economic principles, principles of EU law) (organizational, functional, sectoral). KEYWORDS Key words: general principles of law, principles of EU law, EU Court of Justice, the principle conferral, EU goals
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Suja'i, Ahmad. „PRINSIP-PRINSIP PERENCANAAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN“. Ijtimaiyya: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 11, Nr. 2 (01.08.2018): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijpmi.v11i2.3772.
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Management experts have agreed to put planning as the main function and even become the base for the remain other management functions. Planning is a very basic matter for organizations, including educational institutions. In order to make good planning, several planning principles are needed which must be used as a guide. The principle of conventional education planning includes interdisciplinary principles, flexible principles, principles of efficiency-effectiveness, principles of progress of change, principles of objective, rational and systematic, cooperative-comprehensive principles and principles of human resources development. In this article the author tries to describe the planning principles in the perspective of the Qur'an. (1) Interdisciplinary principles (Bayna Huqul Al-Dirosah), QS. An-Nahl [16]: 89, (2) Flexible principle, QS. Al-Hajj [22]: 78, (3) (4) The principle of effectiveness-efficiency (Fu’aliyah-kafaah), QS. Al-Kahf [18]: 103-104, (5) The principle of the progress of change (Taqaddum At-Taghyiir), QS. Al-Hajj [22]: 77, (6), Objective, rational and systematic principle (Maudhu'i, ‘Aqly and Muntadhimun), QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 216, (7) Cooperative-comprehensive principle, QS. Al-Maidah [5]: 2, and (8) Principles of human resources development, QS. Al-Kahfi [18]: 2.Keywords: Prinsip, Perencanaan Pendidikan, Al-Qur’an
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Bloed, Arie. „osce Principles: Which Principles?“ Security and Human Rights 25, Nr. 2 (22.06.2014): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02502001.
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The article explores the state of affairs of the basic principles of the Decalogue of Principles of the Helsinki Final Act of the osce after the violations of these principles by the Russian aggression against Ukraine. It gives an overview of the main features of the Decalogue as it was adopted in 1975 as well as more recent developments, in particular in relation to the non-intervention principle. Although several fundamental principles have been seriously violated, the author underlines the continued importance of the Decalogue and the need to make all efforts necessary to repair the amage.
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Strilets, Oleg Valentinovich, Victoria Vyacheslavovna Namnyaseva, Vitaly Alekseevich Kanubrikov, Irina Alisalamovna Niftalieva und Dmitry Vladimirovich Zhmurin. „System of criminal legal principles“. SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802019.
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Modern globalization processes consisting in transnational integration concern not only politics, economy, and culture but also the sphere of combating crime. In the fight against international criminal manifestations, it is necessary to consolidate powerful stabilising factors. One of these factors is criminal law principles, which are a kind of prism through which national legislation is assessed and the practice of its application is adjusted. In this regard, the question of systematising the principles of criminal law is of great importance. Purpose of the research: formulation of the authors’ approach to the problem of systematisation of criminal law principles. Methods: the research was based on the general philosophical dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Besides, the historical and legal, structured system method and formal and logical methods were used. Results and novelty: resulting from the study, the authors’ approach to the system of criminal law principles based on their interrelation, interdependence, and mutual influence is presented. The proposed separation of principles for the first time in the Russian criminal law doctrine reflects both horizontal and vertical classification. Horizontally, criminal law principles are divided into extraordinary (principle of justice), ordinary (principles of equality, humanism, and guilt), and substantive (principle of legality). The extraordinary principle of justice predetermines the content of other principles of criminal law. The ordinary principles of equality, humanism, and guilt determine the implementation of the principle of justice in criminal law. The substantive principle of legality is a unified basis for consolidating the provisions of the principles of criminal law in criminal legislation. This understanding of the principles of criminal law allows building their hierarchy. Vertically, the first place, due to its importance, is assigned to the principle of justice, the second belongs to the principle of equality, the third focuses on the principle of humanism, the fourth concentrates on the principle of guilt and, finally, the principle of legality completes the system.
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Clasen, Jochen, und Wim Van Oorschot. „Changing Principles in European Social Security“. European Journal of Social Security 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 2002): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020520321533.
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The provision of social security benefits rests on normative principles of social justice. Most strongly manifest in earnings-related social insurance, the principle of reciprocity has been increasingly questioned on grounds of equity, adequacy and fiscal viability, in the wake of socio-economic changes (e.g. post-industralisation, globalisation) and political developments (e.g. Europeanisation). Universalist programmes seem extraordinarily expensive under tight public budgets, and could be criticised as inequitable at a time when middle classes increasingly rely on individual and occupational forms of income security. The principle of need appears to have become more prominent within modern European social security systems keen on targeting resources. Is there empirical evidence which would reflect these alleged trends? Concentrating on three principles inherent in social security transfers (need, universalism and reciprocity) the major concerns of this article are conceptual and empirical. First, it addresses the problem of operationalising social security principles and delineating indicators of change over time. Second, it applies two of these indicators in order to identify and compare the extent to which the three principles have gained or lost prominence since the early 1980s, with empirical evidence taken from the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany and Scandinavia. The article argues first that, applying either indicator, there is no cross-national trend towards squeezing reciprocity-based social insurance, but that a convergence between erstwhile strong (Bismarckian) and weak (Beveridgean) principled programmes can be identified. Second, a clear trend towards needs-based social security can be identified within the ‘legal’ but not within the ‘volume’ perspective, at least in some programmes and some claimant groups. This is due to both policy changes and favourable labour market conditions. Third, two countries indicate very diverse trends. British social security is distinctive in terms of the erosion of Beveridgean reciprocity, as well as the growing strength of the needs principle. In the Netherlands, there have been considerable shifts in principles underlying certain programmes, but no general trend in either direction can be observed. On the whole, Dutch social security continues to exhibit a strong mix of principles.
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Prasetyo, Arif Rahman, und Tasman Hamami. „Prinsip-prinsip dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum“. PALAPA 8, Nr. 1 (17.05.2020): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v8i1.692.
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Curriculum development is an important thing to do. In Indonesia, there have been ten curriculum changes that have started from the 1947 Curriculum to the present, the 2013 Curriculum. In fact, the curriculum changes show that the principles of education must be able to adjust the development of the times without leaving the cultural values of the relevant community. The purpose of this research is to find out the principles in curriculum development. This research uses library research method. The results of this study indicate that curriculum development resources, including; empirical data, experimental data, folklore and general public knowledge. The principles in curriculum development are divided into two things: 1. General Principles, which include; the principle of relevance, the principle of flexibility, the principle of continuity, the practical principle, and the principle of effectiveness, 2. Special Principles, which include; principles for determining educational objectives, principles for selecting educational content, principles for selecting teaching and learning processes, principles for selecting media and teaching tools, and principles relating to assessment.
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Fedorenko, V. L., und M. V. Fedorenko. „Principles of constitutional law: essence, content and system“. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, Nr. 13 (01.10.2022): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-25.
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The publication is devoted to identifying the essence and content of the category of “principle of constitutional law” and identifying its relationship with related but not identical categories: values, ideals, foundations, principles, objectives, mandatory rules, laws, etc. Genesis and development of ideas about the principles of constitutional law and their consolidation in constitutions and constitutional acts are analyzed. The systematization of the main types of relevant principles and groups is carried out: principles of constitutionalism and constitutional doctrine, principles of science and education of constitutional law, principles of the constitution, as well as principles of constitutional law-making, law enforcement and justice (jurisdictional) activities. It is argued that modern constitutions enshrine in the norms-principles the most important values of the constitutional order: the rule of law, rule of law, freedom and democracy, the inviolability of fundamental human rights, etc. But their real embodiment presupposes unification and interaction of civil society with the state. Key words: principle, principle of constitutional law, system of principles of constitutional law, principle of constitutionalism, principle of the Constitution, principles of the science of constitutional law.
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Uerpmann-Wittzack, Robert. „Principles of International Internet Law“. German Law Journal 11, Nr. 11 (November 2010): 1245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200020204.
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AbstractLegal principles are an essential element of jurisprudence. They help to systemize, to comprehend and to further develop a legal order. Although International Internet Law is quite a new legal subject, some principles begin to evolve. The article addresses five emerging core principles of International Internet Law: (1) The principle of internet freedom, (2) the principle of privacy, (3) a modified principle of territorial jurisdiction adapted to cyberspace, (4) the principle of interstate cooperation, and (5) the principle of multi-stakeholder cooperation.
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Shakhnazarov, B. A. „General Object and Special Object Principles of the Legal Regulation of Industrial Property in Cross-Border Relations“. Lex Russica 73, Nr. 10 (23.10.2020): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.167.10.041-062.
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International agreements, as well as the national legislation of various States, in addition to the territorial principle of protection of industrial property, the principle of national treatment, the principle of convention or exhibition priority, do not specifically identify other principles of protection of industrial property that would uniform national legislation in the field of protection of industrial property in most aspects of protection, and that would also take into account the specifics of a particular object of protection. The paper distinguishes and formulates general object principles of protection of industrial property, not expressly enshrined in international agreements, as well as special object principles of protection of individual objects of industrial property. It is noted that the operation of general principles applied universally for protection of all objects of industrial property and historically established universal principles of national regime, territoriality, principles of convention and exhibition priority are supplemented by such general object principles as the principle of exclusive protection of industrial property, the principle of production and technical development. These principles can be considered general in view of their extension to other objects not expressly specified in the Paris Convention. At the same time, with regard to separate objects (groups of objects) of industrial property, one can determine special object principles of protection on the ground of their specificity.The author applies formal legal and comparative legal methods of the study, on the basis of which special international principles of protection were formulated: the principle of exclusive protection, the principle of focus on production and technical development. The paper describes special principles of protection for individual objects: the declarative and evidentiary principle of protection of registered industrial property, the principle of protection of marks “such as they are”, the principle of protection of new creative results in relation to patentable objects, the principle of absolute nature of the rights certified by the patent.
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Belikov, E. G. „Development of financial and legal principles in the conditions of digital economy“. Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), Nr. 9 (07.11.2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.73.9.039-045.
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This article is devoted to the study of the development of financial and legal principles in the context of the digitalization of the economy. In the work, the author analyzes the system of financial and legal principles, compares such categories as “principles of financial law” and “financial and legal principles, identifies new financial and legal principles, such as the principle of automation, the principle of informatization, the principle of information openness.
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Pyrih, I. V., und I. R. Shynkarenko. „PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE“. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (26.12.2018): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.24.
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Analysis of the scientific opinions allowed formulating principles of forensic expertology as an independent science that is the basis of forensic expert activity. Principles of forensic expert activity are highlighted, their correlation with scientific principles is determined. Contents of each principle are disclosed and own understanding of advisability of their application is presented. The basic principles of forensic expertology are determinism, objectivity and systemacy. The principle of determinism embracing the principle of historicism consists in examining the subject of forensic expertology from the point of view of dialectical interconnection regularities and interconditionality of processes arising while performing expert research. The principle of objectivity consists in establishing regularities of forensic expertology solely on the basis of the object research using special knowledge, regardless of social, political and other processes that occur in society. The systemacy of forensic expertology, like any other science, consists in considering its separate components as a single whole, a system of knowledge. On the basis of legislation analysis and scientific opinions, authors determined that the principles of forensic expert activity are also legality and independence. The principle of legality is that officials who are subjects of expert activity are obliged to meet legislation requirements in strict conformity with their content. The principle of expert independence should be understood as absence of interference in him activities of any other person. Analyzing principles of forensic science, authors come to the conclusion about pointlessness of fixing of principles of expert activity in legislative acts, namely in the Аrt. 3 Laws of Ukraine «On forensic science». Principle of legality is stopped up in Constitution of Ukraine, procedural norms expert activity is expounded in many Codes and Laws of Ukraine. Superfluous duplication in this case is unnecessary.
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Volovyk, S. V. „Principles of IP-Court Activity in Ukraine“. Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 89, Nr. 2 (26.06.2020): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2020.2.11.
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The principles of IP-court activity in Ukraine have been studied. It has been emphasized that the urgent issues currently are to review the existing approaches to reforming the judicial system of Ukraine, based on the gained experience of establishing specialized courts, defining principles as guidelines for the functioning of IP-court in Ukraine as the Higher Specialized Judicial System of Ukraine.
The concept of “principles” and their classification have been defined. The author has noted the importance of international principles of court activity in Ukraine. The regulatory base of courts activity has been characterized, where the principles of functioning of courts and judges in Ukraine have been defined. The author has singled out such an international legal document as the Basic Principles of Judicial Agencies’ Independence, which enshrines the following principles of IP-court activity in Ukraine: the principle of judicial agencies’ independence; the principle of freedom of speech and associations; the principle of qualification, selection and training; the principle of professional secrecy and immunity.
The category of “principles of IP-court activity in Ukraine” has been offered to understand as a set of guiding (fundamental) ideas, grounds, principles of operation and functioning of IP-court in Ukraine that ensure the proper administration of justice, respect for rights and fundamental freedoms during the trial and ensuring the right to a fair trial.
The principles of the IP-court activity in Ukraine are as follows: 1) general and legal: the rule of law principle; the principle of observance of human rights and fundamental human and civil freedoms; the principle of legality; the principle of openness and transparency of court proceedings; the principle of political or other impartiality; the principle of reasonable terms; 2) special principles of IP-court activity in Ukraine: the principle of independence of judicial agencies; the principle of freedom of speech and associations; principle of qualification; the principle of professional secrecy.
It has been concluded that enshrining the principles of operation and functioning of the Supreme Court on Intellectual Property Issues in the Law of Ukraine “On the Supreme Court on Intellectual Property Issues” will increase the efficiency of the judicial system of Ukraine and significantly affect the authority and prestige of IP-court in Ukraine.
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Best, Betty A., und Marsha W. Lilly. „Principles for Principals: Planning for 1989–90“. Arithmetic Teacher 36, Nr. 9 (Mai 1989): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.9.0009.
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Wing, Kenneth R. „The Principles and Principals of Abortion Compromise“. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 18, Nr. 4 (1993): 967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-18-4-967.
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Palen, Lois, und John Palen. „Principles for Principals: Shaping Student Section Leaders“. American String Teacher 47, Nr. 4 (November 1997): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313139704700406.
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McArdle, J. J. „Principles versus Principals of Structural Factor Analyses“. Multivariate Behavioral Research 25, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_10.
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Keser, Claudia, und Marc Willinger. „Principals’ principles when agents’ actions are hidden“. International Journal of Industrial Organization 18, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(99)00038-7.
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Brezovar, Nejc. „Judicial Activism Contributing to the Understanding of Social State Principle(S) – Constitutional Court of Slovenia at the Crossroads“. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 8, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/danb-2017-0002.
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Abstract The abstract nature of Constitutional principles, such as the social state principle, requires further interpretation to determine their concrete substance. Their realization is primarily the duty of politics and the legislator. Yet the Constitutional Courts can substantially contribute to developing the contents and nature of social state principles. This paper attempts to show, through examples from Slovenian judicature, how Constitutional Courts can, with the use of (limited) judicial activism, form and shape social politics and their main principles. The Slovenian Constitutional Court is usually relatively restrained in its interpretations of the social state principles respecting the primary authority of the legislator in regulating the area. On the other hand, we cannot ignore the important role the Constitutional Court and its judicature play in developing the substance of social state principles. This is usually done by means of dynamic and evolutionary interpretations. After analysing the judicature,we can conclude that some of the interconnected social state principals developed by the Court, which play a vital role in understanding the essence of a social state and social rights it provides, are: social balance, social security, social justice, solidarity, a minimum protection of existence, prevention of social exclusion, proving the important contribution of Constitutional Courts to the understanding of the concept of social state principals.
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Sumardi, Lalu, M. Ismail und Rispawati Rispawati. „Beguru: An Ethno-education of Sasak, Indonesia (Exploring the Principles of Learning Processes & Evaluation)“. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research 3, Nr. 2 (28.01.2022): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v3i2.77.
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Each ethnic group has its own local wisdom, which serves as a compass for their life, including in the education sector. Beguru is local wisdom of the Sasak community, Indonesia in education that is rich with principles. This study aims to explore principles of beguru in relation to the learning process and evaluation. The study applied an ethnography-type naturalistic approach. Data was collected by means of ethnographic interviews and observations. Data analysis employed interactive models proposed by Miles, Huberman, Saldana, comprising three stages: data condensation, data display, and conclusion. Based on the method, the study identified 4 principles related to the learning process and 2 principles related to learning evaluation. The four principles of beguru related to the learning process include 1) ethics principle, 2) mastery learning principle, 3) individual learning principle, and 4) learning acceleration principle. While the two principles of beguru related to learning evaluation, include: 1) holistic principle, and 2) concurrent principle. The principles are strongly adhered to during beguru resulting in effective, efficient learning processes and optimum realization of expected competencies. The above principles are very appropriate to apply in contemporary education for improving the quality of learning processes and outcomes.
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N. Subramanian, N. Subramanian. „Adult Learning Principles“. International Journal of Scientific Research 2, Nr. 2 (01.06.2012): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/82.
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Ivanov, Sabin. „PRINCIPLES OF GNSS“. Journal Scientific and Applied Research 20, Nr. 1 (12.11.2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v20i1.301.
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The most direct method for obtaining spatial information in digital form is the use of data from Polish geodetic measurements obtained from the global satellite location identification system. Global location systems GNSS belong to non-photographic recording systems of the group of remote methods for Earth measurements. The most popular system is GPS (Global Positioning System), designed and controlled by the US Department of Defense.
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Slynko, D. V., und L. I. Kalenichenko. „Principles of Stages of Legal Process“. Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 89, Nr. 2 (26.06.2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2020.2.03.
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The author has carried out theoretical study of the development of ideas in legal science on the principles of legal process; has studied the etymological meaning of the term of “principle”. The analysis of legal literature and the corresponding normative and legal material has been carried out. It has been noted that the principles of legal process are formed as a result of verified, reasoned and substantiated activities of authorized entities after the cognition of the patterns of procedural activities. Using the action of principles of legal process in the legal system as a criterion of classification, the author has singled out its general and special principles. The general principles of legal process include principles aimed at revealing the nature, character, nature of legal process. The special principles, in turn, include principles that reflect the functional orientation of the types of legal process and determine the organizational features, specifics of means and methods of carrying out procedural activities at its individual stages. Taking into account the organizational features, specifics of means and methods of carrying out procedural activities at its separate stages, such principles of stages of legal process as the principle of written form of consolidation, the principle of legal qualification, the principle of certification of result, the principle of urgency have been singled out. The author has provided characteristics and has revealed the content of these principles.
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HEINRICHS, BERT. „Single-Principle Versus Multi-Principles Approaches in Bioethics“. Journal of Applied Philosophy 27, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2009.00474.x.
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