Bücher: „Primitive elements“

1

Galleria Gruppo credito valtellinese (Milan, Italy), Hrsg. Francesco Bosso: Primitive elements. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2019.

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2

E, Tezduyar T., und Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Hrsg. Finite element techniques for the Navier-Stokes equations in the primitive variable formulation and the vorticity stream-function formulation: Interim report for the work performed under NASA-Johnson Space Center. Houston, TX: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 1987.

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3

Die Geschichte des Motivkomplexes Theophanie: Seine Elemente, Einbindung in Geschehensabläufe und Verwendungsweisen in altisraelitischer, frühjüdischer und frühchristlicher Literatur. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995.

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4

Willard, Hamrick Emmett, O'Brien Julia M und Horton Fred L, Hrsg. The Yahweh/Baal confrontation and other studies in biblical literature and archaeology: Essays in honour of Emmett Willard Hamrick. Lewiston: Mellen Biblical Press, 1995.

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5

McKinney-Bock, Katherine. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315889825.

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6

Vergnaud, Jean-Roger, Maria Luisa Zubizarreta und Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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7

Elements of Social Organization. Beacon Press, 2000.

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8

Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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9

Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa, und Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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10

Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa, und Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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11

Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa, und Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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12

Vergnaud, Jean-Roger, Maria Luisa Zubizarreta und Katherine McKinney-Bock. Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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13

Primitive Elements of Grammatical Theory : Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators: Papers by Jean-Roger Vergnaud and His Collaborators. Routledge, 2013.

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14

Holton, Richard. Crime as Prime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828174.003.0006.

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This paper develops an account of core criminal terms like ‘murder’ that parallels Williamson’s account of knowledge. It is argued that while murder requires that the murderer killed, and that they did so with a certain state of mind, murder cannot be regarded as the conjunction of these two elements (the action, the actus reus, and the associated mental element, the mens rea). Rather, murder should be seen as a primitive notion, which entails each of them. This explains some of the problems around criminal attempt. Attempted murder cannot be seen simply as involving the state of mind of murder minus success; rather, it has to be seen as a self-standing offence, that of attempting to commit the murder.

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15

Compston, Alastair. Development, degeneration, and regeneration of the central nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0180.

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What does the nervous system do? Primitive organisms respond to threats by reflex withdrawal and explore their environment through goal-directed activities. They sense and respond to their internal environment in order to maintain homeostasis. From these origins emerge more sophisticated forms of discriminative sensation and the acquisition of special senses; precision in the efficiency of movement and coordination between separate elements of motor skills; and cognitive behaviours that anticipate, conceptualize, and enrich physical and social interactions with the environment.

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16

Carey, C. Greek Orators VI: Apollodorus Against Nearia. Liverpool University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780856685262.001.0001.

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Rational persuasion and appeal to an audience's emotions are elements of most literature, but they are found in their purest form in oratory. The speeches written by the Greek orators for delivery in law courts, deliberative councils and assemblies enjoyed an honoured literary status, and rightly so, for the best of them have great vitality. There is no crude, primitive stage of development: the earliest speeches are perfect in form and highly sophisticated in technique. They inform the reader about aspects of Greek society and about their moral values, in a direct and illuminating way not paralleled in other literature.

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17

Anjum, Rani Lill, und Stephen Mumford. Calculating Conditional Probability? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733669.003.0021.

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When dealing with probability in causal claims, conditional reasoning seems unavoidable since we will want to know the probability of an effect, if the cause occurs. Conditional probability is typically defined in terms of the ratio of the unconditional probabilities of the elements. But when it comes to cause and effect, there are good reasons to think that this does not hold and that the conditional probability is primitive. It can be shown that a number of problematic but valid inferences from classical logic reproduce in the calculation of conditional probability if the ratio analysis is employed. The primitivist response is to take the conditional connection as unanalysable.

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18

Arthur, Richard T. W. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812869.003.0009.

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Here the argument of the book is summarized. The metaphysics attributed to Leibniz is neither a phenomenalist idealism nor a materialism, although it has elements of both. Leibniz does not give an eliminative reduction of the phenomena of bodies and motions to perceptions. Bodies and their motions are real, even if they owe their reality to force. They are constituted by derivative forces, which are the instantaneous, phenomenal manifestations of the primitive forces. As results of these forces, they are real phenomena, not mere appearances. The specific conclusions of the various chapters are summarized, and then Leibniz’s philosophy of substance is briefly examined with an eye to its applicability and relevance to the foundations of modern science.

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19

Goldman, Wendy. Soviet Workers and Stalinist Terror. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038174.003.0004.

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This chapter reconceptualizes the Depression-era Soviet experience, using Marx's concept of primitive accumulation, with its emphasis on dispossession, proletarianization, and violence. Primitive accumulation is a process that characterized the transition from feudalism to capitalism. For Marx, what distinguished capitalism from earlier forms of wealth accumulation through trade was the dispossession of the peasantry, an agricultural population set free with nothing to sell but its labor power: “The so-called primitive accumulation, therefore, is nothing else than the historical process of divorcing the producer from the means of production.” This central element of capitalism—dispossession and the creation of waged labor—set other great historical changes in motion. It destroyed rural domestic industry and created vast national and international markets for goods. The small property of the many became the great property of the few, and individual landowners took over the commons. The newly dispossessed were forced to work through an array of laws, punishments, and institutions, including whipping, workhouses, forced indentures, slavery, branding, and execution.

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20

Deagon, Andrea. Orientalism and the American Belly Dancer. Herausgegeben von Anthony Shay und Barbara Sellers-Young. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.011.

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Belly dance was introduced into America by Turkish and Arab dancers, who established the structure and aesthetics of the dance. Appropriated by non-Arab dancers for recreation and personal growth, belly dance has promulgated sensualized Orientalism and gained public notoriety that is problematic and even offensive to those whose culture it apparently represents. This chapter explores three manifestations of belly dance in America: recreational, in which “Arab” aspects are obscured or romanticized; tribal, which entangles the “Arab” and the “primitive” using Middle Eastern elements to evoke an archetypal tribe; and “Arab-centered” (Egyptian),based on the styles and aesthetics of Arab dancers. In the twenty-first century, America’s sensual, fantasy Orientalism fuels the expansion of recreational belly dance beyond the Western world. This appropriated, hybridized dance both fosters the misrepresentation of Arab culture and offers the potential for genuine artistic and cultural exchange with the Arab cultures that inspired it.

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21

Tremlett, Paul-François. (Post)structuralism. Herausgegeben von Michael Stausberg und Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.16.

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This chapter suggests that structuralism and poststructuralism should be understood as part of a ‘turn’ in social theory and philosophy to ‘systems.’ It explores Claude Lévi-Strauss’s approach to myth, demonstrating that his approach entwines elements from linguistics and dynamic systems theory that point ‘back’ to formalism and ‘forward’ to poststructuralism. It then examines Lévi-Strauss’s critique of evolutionist and functionalist accounts of ‘primitive’ religion and his engagements with work by Frazer and Malinowski. The chapter shows the extent to which Lévi-Strauss’s approach undermined notions of progress and accounts of the regulatory role of religion in the closed social system described by functionalism. The chapter then moves on to explore Jacques Derrida’s account of language and deconstruction and the critique of the metaphysics of presence, suggesting that deconstruction also privileges the idea of the open system. This is shown to have significant implications for textual, historical, and sociological studies of religion.

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22

Hughes, Kyle, und Donald MacRaild. Ribbon Societies in Nineteenth-Century Ireland and its Diaspora. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941350.001.0001.

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The book is the first full-length study of Irish Ribbonism. It traces its development from its origins in the Defender movement of the 1790s to the latter part of the century when the remnants of the Ribbon tradition found solace in a new movement: the quasi-constitutional affinities of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. This book places Ribbonism firmly within Ireland’s long tradition of secret societies and show that, due to its diversity and adaptability, it stood apart from other similar bodies and showed remarkable longevity not matched by its contemporaries. The book describes the wider context of Catholic struggles for improved standing, explores traditions and networks for association, and it describes external impressions. This study utilises very rich archives in the form of state surveillances records and evidence from spies. ‘Show trial’ proceedings also are examined in detail. Throughout, the book deploys masses of press reportage. Harnesssing such evidence, the book shows that Ribbonism was a sophisticated and durable underground network drawing together various strands of the rural and urban Catholic populace in Ireland and Britain. Operating as a militant bulwark against Orangeism, an immigrant aid society, a social club, a proto-political collective, it also was at times a primitive trade union. Ribbonism operated more widely than previous studies have revealed, and was, in fact, a transnational entity linking Irish communities in Ireland and Britain, with trace elements also in the USA, Canada and Australia.

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23

Schmitt, Stéphane. Homology. Herausgegeben von Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay und David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.9.

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This article examines how the concept of homology is used as an expression of generality in the life sciences. Throughout its long history, homology expressed a quest for generality in the understanding of animal anatomy by suggesting that a diversity of forms resulted from modifications of a single ‘primitive’ structure. However, the meaning of this quest as well as the practices associated with it changed considerably with the different theoretical context of the life sciences. Thus, homology was an element of continuity in the history of biology and played a central role in some developments, particularly the emergence of evolutionary theory. This article first considers the use of homology in pre-transformist comparative anatomy and how it paved the way for the conceptualization of evolutionary theory before discussing the rise of new meanings of homology in genetics.

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24

Hummer, Hans. Kinship in the City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797609.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the ancient traditions of thought bequeathed to the Middle Ages to show that in antiquity kinship was neither an object of analysis nor considered an elemental or primitive social form. Kinship did not loom large when the ancients pondered prehistory, neither in origin myths, nor in the philosophical works of Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine. What consumed them was human sociality in the preeminent mark of human civilization, the city. The fullest discussions of matters that we associate with kinship appear in discussions of civic life, where familial forms testify to the associative impulses inherent in friendship, rulership, and civic life. In his City of God, Augustine expressed a native view of kinship that became dominant in medieval Europe, that kinship is love and that humans instinctively multiply the bonds of kinship to extend the net of peace, a process perfected in the spiritual regeneration of the Church.

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25

Trieloff, Mario. Noble Gases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.30.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Although the second most abundant element in the cosmos is helium, noble gases are also called rare gases. The reason is that they are not abundant on terrestrial planets like our Earth, which is characterized by orders of magnitude depletion of—particularly light—noble gases when compared to the cosmic element abundance pattern. Indeed, such geochemical depletion and enrichment processes make noble gases so versatile concerning planetary formation and evolution: When our solar system formed, the first small grains started to adsorb small amounts of noble gases from the protosolar nebula, resulting in depletion of light He and Ne when compared to heavy noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe: the so-called planetary type abundance pattern. Subsequent flash heating of the first small mm to cm-sized objects (chondrules and calcium, aluminum rich inclusions) resulted in further depletion, as well as heating—and occasionally differentiation—on small planetesimals, which were precursors of larger planets and which we still find in the asteroid belt today from where we get rocky fragments in form of meteorites. In most primitive meteorites, we even can find tiny rare grains that are older than our solar system and condensed billions of years ago in circumstellar atmospheres of, for example, red giant stars. These grains are characterized by nucleosynthetic anomalies and particularly identified by noble gases, for example, so-called s-process xenon.While planetesimals acquired a depleted noble gas component strongly fractionated in favor of heavy noble gases, the sun and also gas giants like Jupiter attracted a much larger amount of gas from the protosolar nebula by gravitational capture. This resulted in a cosmic or “solar type” abundance pattern, containing the full complement of light noble gases. Contrary to Jupiter or the sun, terrestrial planets accreted from planetesimals with only minor contributions from the protosolar nebula, which explains their high degree of depletion and basically “planetary” elemental abundance pattern. Indeed this depletion enables another tool to be applied in noble gas geo- and cosmochemistry: ingrowth of radiogenic nuclides. Due to heavy depletion of primordial nuclides like 36Ar and 130Xe, radiogenic ingrowth of 40Ar by 40K decay, 129Xe by 129I decay, or fission Xe from 238U or 244Pu decay are precisely measurable, and allow insight in the chronology of fractionation of lithophile parent nuclides and atmophile noble gas daughters, mainly caused by mantle degassing and formation of the atmosphere.Already the dominance of 40Ar in the terrestrial atmosphere allowed C. F v. Weizsäcker to conclude that most of the terrestrial atmosphere originated by degassing of the solid Earth, which is an ongoing process today at mid ocean ridges, where primordial helium leaves the lithosphere for the first time. Mantle degassing was much more massive in the past; in fact, most of the terrestrial atmosphere formed during the first 100 million years of Earth´s history, and was completed at about the same time when the terrestrial core formed and accretion was terminated by a giant impact that also formed our moon. However, before that time, somehow also tiny amounts of solar noble gases managed to find their way into the mantle, presumably by solar wind irradiation of small planetesimals or dust accreting to Earth. While the moon-forming impact likely dissipated the primordial atmosphere, today´s atmosphere originated by mantle degassing and a late veneer with asteroidal and possibly cometary contributions. As other atmophile elements behave similar to noble gases, they also trace the origin of major volatiles on Earth, for example, water, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon.

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26

Hummer, Hans. The Modernity of Kinship. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797609.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 explores the modern values that have animated kinship studies since their emergence in the nineteenth century. It examines the sudden invention of kinship by Johann Bachofen, Henry Maine, John Ferguson McLennan, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, and Lewis Henry Morgan in the 1860s, and the internal and external developments in the West that prompted their discoveries: revolutionary agitation, the engagement with “primitives” around the globe, industrialization and the disintegration of old solidarities, and intellectual revolutions in the study of prehistory, especially Indo-European studies and Darwinian evolution. Social theorists transformed kinship into an elemental form of human sociality and evolutionary development, and a building block of the emerging liberal order as the West coped with the ontological sea change wrought by the desacralization and industrialization of society.

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27

Waterman, Adam John. The Corpse in the Kitchen. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823298761.001.0001.

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The Corpse in the Kitchen explores relationships between the dispossession of Indigenous peoples, the enclosure of Indigenous land and extraction of Indigenous resources, and settler colonialism as a technique of racial capitalism. Drawing upon the literature and historiography of the so-called Black Hawk War, it looks to the colonization of the upper Mississippi River lead region as one instance of primitive accumulation for purposes of mineral accretion. While conventional histories of the Black Hawk War have treated the conflict as gratuitous and tragic, The Corpse in the Kitchen argues that the conflict between Black Hawk, settler militias, and the federal military were part of a struggle over the dispensation of mineral resources, specifically, mineral lead. The elemental basis for the fabrication of bullets, the federal state had a vested interest in control over regional lead resources, as a means of manufacturing the implements by which it would secure its sovereignty over North America. As the basis for metallic type, the abundance of lead drawn from the mines of the upper Mississippi would also occasion an expansion of printing, creating new technologies of memory and forgetting. The Corpse in the Kitchen explores the intimacies between extraction and killing, writing, printing, memory, and forgetting, a story of settlers as rapacious consumers of Indigenous peoples.

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28

Dahlman, Carl T. Geographies of Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and War Crimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.198.

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Extreme political violence, i.e., genocide, ethnic cleansing, and war crimes, can be examined within three explanatory frameworks important to geographical thought: nature and society; spatial identities; and geopolitics. Extreme violence is often closely associated with humanity’s failure to overcome human nature. These are fundamentally geographical concerns in the sense that they relate to geography’s central interest in humans and their environment. Scholarly works abound with Hobbesian images, often presenting primitive violence as a pervasive social condition in the absence of an effective ruler. The literature on state failure presumes the same contradiction between nature and the social-political order, but in reverse: without a conventional sovereign, social conflict emerges over basic resources. These theories suggest that the causes of extreme political violence can be identified at the intersection of nature and society, where human behavior cannot be extricated from its biological and environmental condition. Identity is understood primarily as cultural difference. Identities are an important element in any explanation of extreme political violence given that it stems from conflict between sociopolitical groups that are defined by some degree of cultural difference. Classical geopolitical analysis of extreme political violence has retained environmental and biological factors as ultimate causes. They assume that scarcity of resources and population growth drive culture, territorialism, and conflict. In contrast, contemporary and critical approaches focus on the language and action of politics, such as statecraft, diplomacy, and popular mobilization.

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