Dissertationen zum Thema „Primary prevention of risky behaviours“

The incidence of oral cancer continues to rise in the UK and in Scotland, with a steady increase in oral cavity cancer rates and a rapid increase in oropharyngeal cancer rates in the last decade. These rates are projected to increase further over the next decade, so there is a pressing need to optimise oral cancer prevention strategies. Tobacco and alcohol use are recognised as the major modifiable risk factors for developing oral cancer (both oral cavity and oropharyngeal). In addition, there is a significant increased risk for oral cancer among lower socioeconomic groups, males, and older age groups. Recently there has been recognition of the role of human papillomavirus in the aetiology of oropharyngeal cancers. The major behavioural risk factors (tobacco and alcohol) implicated in oral cancer risk are also associated with a wide range of diseases affecting oral and general health and are thus termed 'common risk factors', increasing the public health benefit should they be tackled. Given the pivotal role in oral cancer and wider disease prevention of reducing tobacco and alcohol use, there is a clear need to optimise the role of primary care dental professionals in delivering behavioural interventions. However, there are uncertainties about the best evidence for particular strategies and approaches to assess risk factors, advise and/or refer in the dental practice setting, with a particular lack of clarity in terms of the specific form and content of such interventions (for example: duration, tailoring to need, who delivers). In addition, the barriers and facilitators to implementation in primary care dental practice - from both the dental professional and patient perspectives - is relatively under-explored. This thesis describes studies undertaken to address these gaps in the knowledge and evidence-base. First a systematic overview was undertaken of systematic reviews and published (international) clinical guidelines. This aimed to identify the evidence on the best practice for the assessment of the major behavioural risk factors associated with oral cancer and for delivering effective behaviour change preventive interventions (in relation to, for example: advice, counselling, signposting/referral to preventive services) by dental professionals in primary care dental practice setting. This evidence was then explored via a study in primary care dental practices in Scotland utilising qualitative in-depth interviews with dental professionals, to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, and to gather suggestions to inform the development of interventions to support dental professionals in delivering prevention. Finally, a small qualitative survey of patients attending primary care dental practice was conducted to explore barriers, facilitators, and acceptability of risk factor assessment and preventive interventions from the patients' perspective. The overview shows a lack of direct evidence from the dental practice setting (one high-quality systematic review relating to tobacco prevention and none relating to alcohol). However, relatively strong evidence and recommendations from other primary care (medical/pharmacy) settings were identified and synthesised, which could potentially be adapted and adopted by dental professionals. Overall the findings show that robust risk factor assessment is an important first step in any prevention intervention. There is a clear indication of the effectiveness of a "brief", in-person, motivational intervention for sustained tobacco abstinence and reduced alcohol consumption. The lack of detail particularly in relation to duration made it difficult to make a conclusion regarding precise specification of the duration of element of the "brief" interventions. For tobacco users, though longer (10-20 minutes) and intensive (more than 20 minutes, with follow-up visits) interventions have shown to be effective in increasing quit rates compared to no intervention, very brief (less than 5 minutes) interventions in a single session also showed comparable effectiveness to the longer brief or intensive interventions. While, for alcohol users, 10-15 minutes multi-contact interventions were most effective, compared to no intervention or very brief intervention or intensive intervention; brief interventions of 5 minutes duration were also reported to be equally effective. Thus, very brief or brief advice of up to 5 minutes, should be trialled for tobacco and alcohol respectively in a dental practice setting, tailored to patient motivational status. Exploring use of the dental team is supported, as effectiveness was generally independent of primary care provider (i.e. general practice physician or nurse). The qualitative studies on feasibility showed time and resources to be the major barriers from the dental professional perspective. Dental professionals also reported social barriers for a) using cancer as a term to frame preventive consultations and b) in delivering alcohol advice which may not be welcome by patients. Professionals were willing to receive training to overcome confidence issues in approaching behavioural aspects of both main risk factors. Patients however generally supported explicit conversations on oral cancer, and were amenable to alcohol as well as smoking advice, provided their stage-of-change (motivational readiness) was incorporated. The use of formal risk assessment tools to frame discussions was broadly supported by patients and professionals alike. Recommendations are made for testing a model of preventive consultation that draws from this best available evidence and addresses barriers for professionals and patients alike to help shape practice and support this important area of public health going forward.

The number one killer of women in the United States is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) include advancing age, cigarette smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, family history, hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and high intake of saturated fats and low dietary fiber. A women’s risk for development of CVD dramatically increases after menopause and with the number of CVRFs. CVD is often preventable. Evidence supports addressing CVRFs reduction early (in the pre-menopausal years) through heart-healthy behaviors such as increasing physical activity, promoting healthy eating, moderate alcohol consumption and not smoking. Therefore, understanding premenopausal women’s CVRFs knowledge is an important area of inquiry. In addition, the Nemcek Wellness Model suggests that self-nurturance, as well as knowledge, may be an important factor for explaining women’s wellness behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of CVRFs, level of self-nurturance and the performance of heart-healthy behaviors in women ages 35 to 55 years. This study used a cross sectional survey design and venue sampling. The survey included demographic questions, the Self Nurturance Survey, the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire, Prime Screen, and questions about financial strain, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. The sample included 136 women (survey response rate = 57%), the majority of whom were white (94.9%), married (80.1%), did not smoke (80.1%) and rarely drank alcohol (57.4%). Results indicated that study participants were very knowledgeable about CVRFs. (Mean knowledge score = 19.53, possible range = 0 to 25 with higher scores indicating greater knowledge). Knowledge did not predict physical activity (p = .07), diet (p = .08) or smoking status (p = .11) in this sample. Self-nurturance was moderately correlated (r = .33) with consuming a heart-healthy diet. Hypotheses derived from the Nemcek Wellness Model were not supported in this study. More research is needed to identify factors that will help women translate knowledge into heart-healthy behaviors.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objective of the study was to determine the level of self-reported sexual risk behaviour of student men who have sex with men at a South African higher educational institution. The secondary objective was to determine the level of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) knowledge among student men who have sex with men, and lastly to determine the extent to which the theory of planned behaviour is applicable in explaining intentions to use condoms. A sample of fifty student men who have sex with men were recruited to take part in an online baseline and follow-up survey, three months apart. Many of the student men who have sex with men reported sexual behaviour, which may place them at risk of contracting HIV. More than fifty percent (56%) had used alcohol or drugs during sexual intercourse in the past. Six percent (6.1%) reported having been forced to have sexual intercourse against their will. While 8% had experienced abuse and violence on campus, 22% had experienced abuse only and another 6% reported having experienced some form of violence due to their sexual preference. Most participants (70%) reported having used condoms almost always or always when engaging in penetrative sexual behaviours, but 30% had used condoms inconsistently or not at all in the past. The sample of student MSM scored high on a questionnaire of basic HIV knowledge, with a mean score of 14.57 (80.94%). The present study questions the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in understanding and predicting intention to use condoms among a sample of student men who have sex with men attending a South African higher education institution. Only two of the major theoretical variables, namely attitude and perceived group norms, could significantly predict intention to use condoms. Attitudes regarding condom use were found to have an inverse The primary objective of the study was to determine the level of self-reported sexual risk behaviour of student men who have sex with men at a South African higher educational institution. The secondary objective was to determine the level of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) knowledge among student men who have sex with men, and lastly to determine the extent to which the theory of planned behaviour is applicable in explaining intentions to use condoms. A sample of fifty student men who have sex with men were recruited to take part in an online baseline and follow-up survey, three months apart. Many of the student men who have sex with men reported sexual behaviour, which may place them at risk of contracting HIV. More than fifty percent (56%) had used alcohol or drugs during sexual intercourse in the past. Six percent (6.1%) reported having been forced to have sexual intercourse against their will. While 8% had experienced abuse and violence on campus, 22% had experienced abuse only and another 6% reported having experienced some form of violence due to their sexual preference. Most participants (70%) reported having used condoms almost always or always when engaging in penetrative sexual behaviours, but 30% had used condoms inconsistently or not at all in the past. The sample of student MSM scored high on a questionnaire of basic HIV knowledge, with a mean score of 14.57 (80.94%). The present study questions the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in understanding and predicting intention to use condoms among a sample of student men who have sex with men attending a South African higher education institution. Only two of the major theoretical variables, namely attitude and perceived group norms, could significantly predict intention to use condoms. Attitudes regarding condom use were found to have an inversrelationship with intention to use condoms. The results from the hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the linear combination of the theory of planned behaviour variables could significantly account for 68% of the variance in intention to use condoms when the predictors were considered together. Interventions that seek to lessen HIV risk behaviour among student men who have sex with men should endeavour to incorporate elements which should aim to augment perceived subjective norms regarding condom use. The findings advocate for additional research to be undertaken on the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in informing health communication and sexual health interventions that aim to reduce HIV transmission risk among student men who have sex with men at higher educational institutions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die studie was om die vlak van self-gerapporteerde seksuele risiko gedrag van studentemans wat seks beoefen met mans (MSM) by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwysinstelling te bepaal. Die sekondêre doel was om die vlak van kennis oor die Menslike Immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) onder studente MSM te bepaal, en laastens om die mate waarin die teorie van beplande gedrag toepaslik is om die voorneme om kondoom gebruik te verduidelik. ʼn Steekproef van vyftig studente MSM was gewerf om aan ʼn aanlyn basislynopname en opvolgopname deel te neem. Talle van die studente MSM het seksuele gedrag gerapporteer wat die mans blootstel aan die risiko om MIV op te doen. Meer as vyftig persent (56%) het in die verlede alkohol of dwelms gebruik tydens seksuele omgang. Ses persent (6,1%) het gerapporteer dat hulle al gedwing is om seksuele omgang teen hul wil te hê. Terwyl agt persent mishandeling en geweld op kampus ervaar het, het 22% slegs misbruik ervaar en nog 6% het een of ander vorm van geweld ervaar as gevolg van hul seksuele voorkeur. Die meeste deelnemers (70%) het gerapporteer dat hulle tydens penetratiewe seks byna altyd kondome gebruik, maar 30% het óf glad nie, óf ongereeld in die verlede kondome gebruik. Die studente MSM wat aan die steekproef deelgeneem het, het hoë tellings behaal in ‘n vraelys oor basiese MIV-feite, met ' ʼn gemiddelde telling van 14.57 (80.94%). Die huidige studie bevraagteken die toepasbaarheid van die teorie van beplande gedrag om die voorneme om kondome te gebruik onder ’n steekproef van studente MSM aan ’n Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwysinstelling te verstaan en te voorspel. Slegs twee van die belangrikste teoretiese veranderlikes, naamlik houding en subjektiewe groepnorme, kon beduidend die voorneme voorspel om kondome te gebruik. Houding oor kondoom gebruik het ʼn omgekeerde verwantskap met die voorneme om kondome te gebruik voorspel. Die resultate van die hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-ontleding het aangedui dat, wanneer die voorspellers saam oorweeg word, die lineêre kombinasie van die teorie van beplande gedrag veranderlikes betekenisvol tot 68% van die variansie in die voorneme om kondome te gebruik kan verklaar. Ingrypings wat daarop gemik is om MIV-risiko gedrag onder studente MSM te verminder, behoort elemente in te sluit wat streef daarna om waarneembare subjektiewe norme rakende kondoomgebruik aan te vul. Die bevindinge wys dat addisionele navorsing oor die gebruik van die teorie van beplande gedrag in gesondheidskommunikasie en seksuelegesondheid intervensies wat daarop gemik is om die risiko van MIV-oordrag tussen studente MSM by inrigtings vir hoër onderwys te verminder nodig is.

Reducing intimate partner violence levels in southern Africa is a necessary component of an effective HIV primary prevention strategy. A prerequisite to behaviour change is a shift in attitudes. This study sought to identify effective ways of assessing and changing attitudes and behaviours towards IPV to prevent HIV infection in a developing country context. Combining a systematic review of current evidence with advanced statistical analyses of data from a southern Africa regional household survey (n = 20,639), Soul City Regional Evaluation Phase 1, findings indicate that: a gold standard to measure IPV attitudes and behaviours is needed; interventions targeting structural change and based in the community are more effective; the effectiveness of mass media interventions may not be robust; the interaction of different prevention interventions may mediate overall effectiveness. Exploratory factor analysis, multiple imputation, and regression techniques were applied to complex, multileveled, and correlated data with missingness.

Suicide is a significant public health concern at a global level and occurs at a greater rate in rural compared with urban areas. A review of the literature on rural suicide indicates that a growing body of empirical, theoretical, and prevention work has been conducted on the topic, with an increasing number of countries represented and articles written. From an ecological perspective, current data and models suggest that our approach to understanding and preventing rural suicide must be multifaceted, addressing the individual level (e.g., traditional risk factors such as psychiatric illness), as well as the microsystem (e.g., family and peer relations), mesosystem (e.g., the interconnectedness between microsystems), exosystem (e.g., the rural community), and macrosystem (e.g., social norms) levels. Geographic and interpersonal isolation, agricultural or otherwise hazardous vocational demands, environmental and governmental policies, availability of means, lack of access to care and rural ideologies appear to contribute to suicide risk. Interventions must be community-driven, culturally acceptable and feasible within the context of available resources to be effective. Prospective research on risk and protective factors for rural suicide is required, as is development, implementation and assessment of interventions that are originated by, implemented in, and sensitive to the needs of rural communities.

O câncer configura-se como um problema de saúde pública e seu controle depende essencialmente de ações nas áreas da promoção da saúde, proteção específica e do diagnóstico precoce da doença. A efetividade das intervenções designadas para seu controle pode contar com o auxílio do processo de persuasão empregado. O presente estudo buscou avaliar o grau de risco para apresentação de câncer contemplando os fatores de risco pertinentes, bem como, avaliar a presença e as características da persuasão na comunicação para prevenção e detecção precoce de câncer. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, com caráter transversal, onde foram empregados dois instrumentos para o alcance dos objetivos; a população abordada foi de um bairro da cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Constatou-se que os altos riscos foram para os cânceres de cólon/reto, cérvico e de endométrio; e moderados riscos para estes acrescidos de pulmão e mama. Quanto à persuasão, observou-se que houve o desencadeamento das informações acerca do câncer, no entanto estas não conseguiram manter-se efetivas por longos períodos; também não se identificou o reforço dessas informações. Portanto, diante do risco de câncer e dos comportamentos preventivos levantados, considera-se que a persuasão é uma estratégia útil para diminuição desses riscos e, de incentivo e manutenção de comportamentos preventivos; porém, ela deve conter todas as etapas do processo a fim de que não se perca a oportunidade de gerar comportamentos preventivos ou de detecção precoce.
The cancer is configured as a problem of public health and its control depends essentially on action in the areas of the promotion of the health, specific protection and of the precocious diagnosis of the illness. The effectiveness of interventions assigned for its control can count with auxiliare of the process of persuasion employed. This study aims to evaluate the risk level of developing cancer, considering the pertinent risk factors, and the presence of persuasion and characteristics in the communication regarding cancer prevention and early detection. It is an observational study, conducted on 110 inhabitants of a neighborhood in the city of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was confirmed there are high risks for colon/rectum, cervical, and endometrial cancer; and moderate risks for these and also lung and breast cancer. In terms of persuasion, it was observed that cancer information was spread but was not sustained for long periods. Moreover, there was no reinforcement. In view of cancer risk and the identified preventive behaviors, persuasion is considered a useful strategy to reduce these risks as well as to encourage and sustain preventive behaviors, however it must contain all the stages of these process for doesn\'t lose the chance to develope preventive behaviors or precocious detection.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sedentary time (ST) and the cumulative risk of preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) using a diverse cohort of U.S. adults 45-84 years of age. Methods: Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we identified 6,814 subjects (52.9% female). All were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with baseline ST and risk of overall heart failure (HF), HFpEF, and HFrEF. Weekly self-reported ST was dichotomized based on the 75th percentile (1,890 min/wk). Results: During an average of 11.2 years of follow-up there were 178 first incident HF diagnoses; 74 HFpEF, 69 HFrEF and 35 with unknown EF. Baseline ST >1,890 min/wk was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.87 [1.13 – 3.09], p= 0.01), but not HFrEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.30 [0.78 – 2.15], p= 0.32). The relationship with HFpEF remained significant in separate fully adjusted models including either waist circumference (HR [95% CI]; 2.16 [1.23 – 3.78], p < 0.01) or body mass index (HR [95% CI]; 2.17 [1.24 – 3.80], p < 0.01). Additionally, every 60 minute increase in weekly ST was associated with a significant 3% increased risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.03 [1.01 – 1.05], p < 0.01). Conclusions: Sedentary time > 1,890 min/wk (~4.5 h/d) is a significant independent predictor of HFpEF, but not HFrEF.

The aim of this theses is to establish, with reference to relevant literature, what is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in several chosen classes from the viewpoint of the lecturers of these programs. The author lays out and describes in detail the concepts of risky behaviours, primary prevention of risky behaviours, selective primary prevention, lecturer of primary prevention programs and other concepts relevant to the subject at hand. In the research part of this theses, the author deals with a research problem formulated as follows: What is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in chosen classes from the perspective of the lecturers? The selected method is qualitative research. The specific chosen research tool is a half-structured dialogue, conducted with lecturers of programs of selective primary prevention with at least two years of experience in the field. KEYWORDS Risky behaviours; primary prevention of risky behaviours; lecturer of primary prevention programs; selective primary prevention; selective primary prevention programs.

School prevention methodist plays a key role in the successful elimination of risky behavior in the school environment. His function has undergone changes since its establishment, as has the context of its operation. This thesis is focused on the process of generating the position of a prevention methodist and the changes that have affected his current position. It also outlines current issues related to the performance of the function of school preventionist. The theoretical part presents the current legislative framework in which the school prevention methodist operates, as well as earlier legislation, and draws attention to the possible pitfalls of some legal norms. It also places the person of the ŠMP in the intra-ministerial system of school prevention and more broadly in the inter-ministerial organization of prevention. For a better understanding of the current situation, the theoretical part of the work opens a look into the history of prevention in the Czech Republic, or ČSFR, respectively. It characterizes the basic concepts associated with the person of the school prevention methodist, ie primary prevention, risk behavior, etc. The essential part is devoted to a broader understanding of the role of school prevention methodist through a look at the development of his function and the...

Background: School prevention programs of risky behavior should be an important part of the education of children and adolescents. The programs are implemented by each school individually according to the elaborated Minimum Preventive Program (MPP) and their mediation and implementation is supervised by the school prevention methodologist (ŠMP). Within the Prague 6 City District, there is close cooperation between ŠMP, the prevention methodologist from the pedagogical- psychological counseling center and the drug coordinator. The aim of this cooperation is to ensure quality of prevention in local schools and in the wider community of the municipality. Objectives: The aim of the study is to map the process of implementation of programs of general school primary prevention of risky behavior in primary schools in the administrative district of Prague 6 in terms of performance of the function of the ŠMP, elaboration of MPP and implementation of preventive programs. Methods: A mixed-method design was used, combining a questionnaire study with ŠMP from the district of Prague 6 with a group discussion with six respondents who participated in the questionnaire study. The questions in the questionnaire are based on questions in the SEPA preventive activity reporting system and on the questionnaire used in...

The diploma thesis Comparison of primary prevention at the second level of elementary schools in Most and Prague discusses the implementation of primary prevention at the second level of elemetary school in these two selected locations. The diploma thesis is thematically divided into six chapters. The first part defines the basic terminology related to the topic of primary prevention. This section also contains information about particular topics of risky behavior and counsulting services of elementary schools. The second part follows a survey among school prevention methodologists in Most and Prague. The objective of the following practical part is to identify and compare what form and under what conditions is implemented primary prevention of risky behavior among pupils of the second level of elementary schools. For the survey was used quantitative method, in the form of a questionnaire divided between school prevention methodologists in both cities. In the final part there are interpreted the data obtained in the survey, which confirmed that in both areas there are different approaches to the implementation of primary prevention at the second levels of elementary schools. KEYWORDS: Primary prevention, risky behavior, the second level of elementary school, school advisory department, minimal...

My diploma thesis is about prevention of the most risky behaviour on primary school which is bullying. Prevention is presented through the methods and strategie sof drama education. In the theoretical section acquaints readers with important informations of bullying and substance of drama in education, which are the basis for a comprehensive understanding of this issue. The theoretical part is also the basis for creating bullying prevention project using the methods and strategies of drama education, presented and reflected in the practical part. The practical part is also the result of a questionnaire, which is focused on opinion surveys of teachers of primary schools to prevent bullying and the use of methods and techniques of drama in this issue. KEYWORDS: Drama in Education, methods and strategies, risky behaviour, bullying, prevention, classroom, primary school

The diploma thesis called "The Attitudes of Youth towards Addictive Substances and Prevention in Kralupy nad Vltavou" consists of theoretical and practical part. It contains a total of eight chapters. Professional literature was used for the creation of the theoretical part. The theoretical part focuses on the concept of youth, the description of specific legal and illegal addictive substances, non-substance or behavioral addictions, categories of users of addictive substances, the position of curator for children and youth and prevention. The practical part contains the results of quantitative research represented by graphs and the final discussion. The graphs used in the practical part describe the findings of the quantitative research conducted in three educational institutions in Kralupy nad Vltavou using anonymous questionnaires. Practical part of this diploma theses answers questions about the attitudes of young people in Kralupy nad Vltavou to addictive substances, questions concerning the use of modern technologies and last but not least questions concerning prevention.

In my diploma thesis I want to find out how teachers at selected schools in West Bohemia evaluate the program of specific general primary prevention in the area of sexual risk behavior "Prevention of unplanned pregnancies and abortions", which pupils of 9th grades of their schools complete. I chose the topic as a continuation of my bachelor thesis, which dealt with the evaluation of the results of this program. So what educational, preventive and preventive effect does the program have for pupils as participants in the program. The aim of this work is to find out how teachers evaluate the program and whether they perceive place for improvement. The conclusions of the work can contribute to further improving the quality and effectiveness of the program. Keywords: risk behavior|primary prevention|preventive program|pregnancy|adoption|abortion

The thesis discusses the primary prevention of risk behaviour as it is known in the Czech Republic and in Europe. The theoretical part is trying to comprehensively discuss the issue, however, it does not deal with present only it also charts its historical development. Based on the available literature and on personal experience of the author, there is an overall insight into the school primary prevention. At the beginning, the author tries to clarify the differences in terminology in this country and in Europe, as well as to deal with various forms of risky behaviour, which primary prevention focuses. A large section is devoted to teachers dealing with primary prevention and other participants of prevention such as students and their parents. As an integral part the theory also includes a chapter on specific activities, including examples of good practice especially from abroad, which can be used by school prevention methodologist in their work. The practical part of the thesis aims to propose to school prevention methodologists the right method of creating systematic strategy for primary prevention of risk behaviour phenomena in the school environment. The largest part consists of a model strategy for particular High School, from which it is clear how such a strategy should look like. The model...

The target of primary prevention is to discourage from the risk behaviour or to postpone the risky behaviour into the later age. For this reason, mechanisms of the primary prevention were laid down, where the schools and school facilities were determined as main executor. The main factor participating in creating the attitudes and education of children is doubtlessly the family, however, it often fails in the preventive acting connected to risky behaviour. Each elementary school is obliged to elaborate the so-called {\clq}minimum preventive program``, based on the metodical instruction of the Ministry of Schools, Youth and Sports. I am trying to find out this thesis, to which extent the measures taken by the school environment are effective. The target of the thesis was to Map primary prevention activities in elementary schools on the basis of their timeliness and the prevention of representation selected to perform the evaluation of risk-taking behaviour. I believe that the target of the thesis was achieved.

Sex is a natural means of reproduction, but by far it is not practised solely for that purpose. In recent years there has been a large release of morality and today we would hardly find a young person with a belief that sex serves for reproduction only. Sexual life is no longer taboo and therefore it is necessary to speak also about the adverse phenomena that accompany it. There is unwanted pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases present a serious global problem that does not fudge even our society. Young people represent the largest risk group in terms of infection who go through various relationsship selecting a permanent partner. The primary prevention is the most important way how to fight against sexually transmitted diseases, and it is important particularly for those who have not begun yet to live sexually. For this reason it is often implemented in the form of prevention programs in school facilities. The current situation of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic was charted in the theoretical part of this work. The goal of the practical part of this work was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of prevention programs in the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia. There were defined four hypotheses for this purpose. The first hypothesis: Young people get more information about the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases from the media and from their peers than from schools and parents. The second hypothesis: Experience with random sex has a quarter of respondents. The third hypothesis was formulated as follows: Women have more knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases than men. The fourth hypothesis: Women observe the principles of safe sex more than men. The quantitative research, questioning method and questionnaire technique were used to collect empirical data. The questionnaire was anonymous and had electronic form. The research sample consisted of full-time bachelor programs students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia, who belong by their age structure into the most vulnerable group of infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents. The research was attended by 531 respondents. The first, third and fourth hypothesis were not confirmed on the based of a statistical test. The third hypothesis was confirmed statistically. The descriptive statistics shows that young adults do not have sufficient knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and have no fear of the disease, which is also reflected in their behavior. The prevention programs for primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic are not quite sufficient, according to the achieved results and in my opinion, and we can not talk about their proven effectiveness. It can be said they provide at least some awareness of the risks associated with sexual intercourse. In my opinion, it is necessary to establish the precise form of the curriculum and to incorporate sex education into the framework of the educational plan as a separate subject in school facilities as basic and secondary. It is necessary to involve parents into the process of primary prevention by increasing their awareness and to pass the acquired information. It is also necessary to promote a form of barrier contraception and introduce general preventive programs in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases.

The M.A. thesis "The Prevention of hazardous Behaviour" researches the cooperation and interconnectedness of three professional groups and conducts a describes their experience and opinions in the field of child and youth risk-behaviour. The three (target) respondent groups are: primary school prevention methodists, OSPOD social workers and a group of professional lecturers of primary prevention of risk behaviour. The theoretical part introduces definitions and theoretical concepts of hazardous behaviour and types methods of their prevention. In its conclusion, the theoretical part summarizes of selected primary laws. The practical part of the thesis presents a summary and an analysis of data gathered through a survey among the respondent groups.

This thesis is written on a theoretically empirical basis. It deals with primary prevention of risk behavior in schools, in particular secondary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the characteristic features of risk behavior and its primary prevention. It also concentrates on the relationship between the teacher and pupils, the specifics of class group, the principles of effective communication and class environment. The practical part of the thesis is based on the results of a questionnaire which provided information about pupils´ and teachers´ views concerning risk behavior, and preventative activities being carried out at selected schools in co-operation with external consultants. The aim of this practical part of the thesis was to investigate pupils´ and teachers´ attitudes to primary prevention.

This thesis deals with the topic of Primary prevention of student's risk behavior at the chosen primary schools in the district of Strakonice. The main goal of this thesis is to find out if the students are educated enough about the risk behavior and it's prevention, and to evaluate prevention activities that the schools implement within the risk behavior. To fulfil the main and partial goals two research methods are used - questionnaire designed for students and interview with school prevention methodologist. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the charasteristics of risk behavior and detailed description of chosen types of risk behavior. Moreover it deals with primary prevention, it's characteristics and describes prevention programs that school can use. This part also points out the prevention base of schools, thus institutions cooperating with school and documents that the schools support within the prevention of risk behavior. In the practical part, information gained from the research are analyzed and evaluated and this serves to verify the set goals of the thesis. Based on the research that was done, recommendations for improving the school prevention are suggested. In the conclusion of the thesis it is stated that the upper students (2nd grade) of elementary schools are on one...

The diploma thesis is focused on the problem of risk behavior and its prevention in primary schools of selected Central Bohemian micro-region. The work evaluates and compares the individual programs of primary prevention of schools. In connection with these findings, interviews with school prevention methodologies are analyzed and information is supplemented. The aim of this thesis is to find out how primary prevention programs of selected schools are implemented and to compare the content of programs with the actual implementation. Another aim of the thesis is to find out and recommend good practice, based on the experience of these schools. The whole work is divided into two basic parts, which are theoretical basis and practical part including research. The theoretical part introduces the current terminology in this area. The practical part describes the research, which took place in two stages. First, the primary prevention programs were analyzed from the content and these findings were subsequently supplemented by interviews with school prevention methodologies of schools in the selected Central Bohemian micro-region. The output of the work is a summary of findings of content analysis in comparison with interviews with school prevention methodologies and a summary of recommendations in the...

The purpose of this thesis is the theoretical part to compile insights into the actual concept of primary prevention in the elementary school environment, to analyze the system of strategic planning and management of prevention at national and regional level and analyse tasks elementary school in this area. The practical part will be to monitoring and comparing the objectives and priorities of regional prevention strategies (for example, two regions) and the author then conduct an investigation in an environment of selected primary schools of the regions, their strategy will be subject to an prime analysis. It will focus in this context on the structure of prevention in schools and its continuity to the strategic objectives. Compares also realization of prevention and selects adequate examples of good practice. Based on the research will be formulate recommendations for the realization of primary prevention at the school level.

People dying of HIV/AIDS and the delay in finding a cure has put education programmes at the centre of HIV/AIDS management. The study purpose is to investigate the effects of Life Orientation programme on HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge, attitudes and behaviours amongst college students at a TVET College in Randburg. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used, and a questionnaire was administered to level 1 students (n=141). Data was collected, and analysed using SPSS version 25. The findings showed a relationship between Life Orientation (LO) and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of students towards HIV/AIDS. Students with high Life Orientation perception reported adequate knowledge and positive attitudes. Many respondents revealed high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge, healthy behaviour and positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS, showing that Life Orientation had aided in those areas. However, some students had poor perceptions of HIV/AIDS knowledge, henceforth lacked the confidence to protect themselves. Several recommendations to health promoters, education policymakers and the community were given.
Health Studies
M. P. H.

The Diploma thesis is focused on experience with the realization of the prevention on primary schools. The aim of my thesis was to find out, if the schools engage in prevention activity and how the realization and efficacy looks like. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is theoretical and the second is research. In the first chapter of the theoretical part I dealt with risk behaviour, I briefly described its particular forms. In the second chapter of the theoretical part I focused on the content of the word prevention, primary prevention in curricular documents and scholar primary prevention. In the second section of the thesis, which is the practical part, I have collected information and opinions of different subjects on realization preventive programs at school. I compared the results of the research of two grammar schools. The first type of the collection of data was questionnaire research qualitative research. The date we have gained provided us the information about the opinions of the efficacy of preventive programs from the point of view of the pupils. The second type of collected data was an interview with the Methodist of the prevention. This information show us a different point of view on risk behaviour, its prevention and efficacy of the realization primary prevention activity.

Background: Despite a slight decline in the prevalence of substance use among adolescents in last years, there is a constant need for effective, available and well-targeted preventive interventions. Children of parents with substance use experiences are considered to be more endangered. Although the quality and availability of universal prevention programs has improved, their effectiveness is not usually systematically verified, moreover, the impact on children of parents with substance use experiences is unknown. The Unplugged preventive intervention was supplemented by nPrevention booster sessions in order to support its research-proven preventive impact. Aims: The main objective was to evaluate the effect of Unplugged and nPrevention programs combination (Un+nP) after 24 months in comparison with Unplugged program (Un) alone and control in respect of the substance use experience in parents. The secondary objective was to test the reliability of anonymous self-generated identification code (SGIC) and the process of matching children's questionnaires between waves of data collection and with parents' questionnaires. Methods: A cluster randomized, controlled, 3-arm, prospective, school-based prevention trial was conducted between years 2013 and 2017 to evaluate the Unplugged (implemented in the 6th...

(in English): The virtual world is becoming more a part of our reality nowadays. Even children are coming into it and they are losing the ability to distinguish between the real and the virtual world. The virtual world is then an absolutely natural thing for them, including the advantages and risks that it brings. The aim of this master thesis was to collect present opinions and views on the conception of specific primary prevention in the area of cyberspace, and to analyze the currently offered programs from certified organizations for schools in Prague. The basic question of research is: What kind of topics do these preventive programs deal with? The method of this research was based on data collection through document analysis, semi- structured interviews and observation. The results show, that the most developed and complex topics in current practice are cyberbullying and netolism, leading to prevention of potential risky use of social networks and safer use of internet. When the goals of preventive programs are expressed enough specifically and sufficiently and with respect to the child, then it mostly focuses on cognitive aspects of the personality. Based on the research at the end of the thesis, there are formulated recommendations for the implementation of other primary prevention topics in...

Topic of my thesis covers the analysis of programmes, related to primary prevention within the Liberec region. Theoretical part of my thesis comprises the identification of basic terms that are related to the development of socio-pathological phenomena and risk behaviour of children and youth. Furthermore, the thesis depicts the prevention system, which is focused on primary prevention of the risk behaviour. An important part of the thesis is the primary prevention as a part of the upbringing process. The theoretical part of my thesis ends with a chapter that is dealing with the community planning process of villages. By means of an empiric investigation, practical part of the thesis analyses the situation within the primary prevention at elementary schools, information on the number of providers and programmes for primary prevention are investigated in the thesis as well. Another important output lies within the needs and attitudes of the villages in the given region.

ŠTÝSOVÁ, A. Use of bibliotherapy in the prevention of socially pathological phenomena in adolescents. Thesis. Prague: Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague. Leader: Mgr. Barbara Valešová Malecová, Ph.D., 2021, 108 p. The diploma thesis The use of bibliotherapy in the prevention of socially pathological phenomena in adolescents focuses on the use of bibliotherapy as a therapeutic tool for the prevention of socially pathological phenomena, specifically substance abuse. The target group are adolescent students with some form of social disadvantage. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first part is theoretical and mentions important developmental milestones that may be related to the issue of substance abuse in adolescents. It also defines the basic theoretical basis for the prevention of socially pathological phenomena and their legislative entrenchment. It also summarizes the basic knowledge about bibliotherapy and possible specifics of its use in adolescents. The second part is practical and its aim is to create a proposal for a comprehensive bibliotherapeutic program for the prevention of substance abuse and then to determine its impact on students in action research. Part of the research is also the evaluation of the use...

The master thesis focuses on the topic of primary prevention policy aimed at using of alcohol and tobacco among children and youth. The main goal of the thesis is to to find out how is this policy implemented and to identify the possibilities for improvement and other changes. In the theoretical part of this study the analysis of the strategic primary prevention documents and legislative is presented. Also the problematics of using alcohol and tobacco among children and youth and theory of implementation of public policy is complemented. In the practical part of the study the qualitative research is presented. The research was realised by semi-standardized interviews among 16 representatives of the primary prevention policy - school methodists of prevention, methodists of prevention in pedagogical psychological advice bureau, county school prevention coordinators, representatives of the NGO sector and state administration. The results of the research show that the implementation of the primary prevention policy is not effective. The research shows that the policy has many deficiencies which are demonstrated most in the school environment.

The aim of this work is to contribute to finding the best wals, to prevent violence and bullying among pupils in primary schools. As one of the possibilities offered is the use of Drama Education. In the practical part are evaluated the views of teachers on the use of drama education in the prevention of violence and bullying. The main part is the project focused on primary prevention, wich was verified in practice. Based on experience, are written to each activities recommendations and advice for future implementation. Verification project in practice confirms that the use of methods of Drama is one of the possible ways, how to address the prevention of violence and bullying among pupils in primary schools.

The diploma thesis is devoted to the area of mental health problems / mental illnesses as a possible topic of general primary prevention in the school environment. It points out, that the mental health and illness is not being systematically solved. In the area of primary prevention is not given the kind of attention it deserves. In the theoretical part, basic notions are defined first, such as mental health and illness, risk behavior, stigma and prevention. The focus is on the period of adolescence and the perspective of possible links between risky behaviors and mental health problems/illnesses. The theoretical part of the work is also centered on the coping strategies of adolescents and the area of general primary prevention of risk behavior in the current concept of the Ministry of Education. That includes ensuring and controlling the quality and effectiveness of primary prevention programs. In brief, follow-up care - supported education and early intervention is discussed. The aim of the work is to map the relation of the needs of young people with mental illnesses and primary prevention. In addition, the findings will be a base for recommendations how to incorporate the topic of mental health and illness into the existing system of primary prevention. The methodology is based on a qualitative research...

The final thesis deals with the substantiation of primary prevention programmes in primary schools in the Czech Republic, which are carried out by external employees in non-profit organizations. The first part is characterized by contemporary youth in the context of the society. The second part is devoted to high-risk behavior. This section describes the different forms of high-risk behaviour and factors that affect its origin. The third section describes the historical context of primary prevention, principles of effective primary prevention and the implementation of primary prevention programmes in Czech schools. The fourth section examines the ethical issues. The individual interests of persons involved into primary prevention are described here. The last part deals with the individual principles of effective primary prevention and evaluate the real level of fulfillment of these principles. The effectiveness and conclusion of this work is based on the results of evaluating these programmes. The conclusion applies to the evaluation, importance and relevance of the identified aspects of primary prevention programmes in schools.

The diploma thesis deals with the theme of negative effects (forms of risk behaviour) at elementary schools pupils in Český Krumlov and mentions valid legilslation in the field of the risk behaviour primary prevention at school-compulsory choldren and youngsters. The theoretical part describes chosen socially-pathologic effects, the system of primary prevention and MŠMT legislation and other ministries as well in the field of risk behaviour prevention, as well as preventive aktivity of the institutions and organizations in the area of the city of Český Krumlov according to valid laws. The diploma thesis in the practical part includes empirical research performed at chosen elementary schools in Český Krumlov among teachers mapping their experience with the most frequent risk behaviour forms of pupils and further their knowledge and valid legislation usage inthe field of preventation both at schools and duringafter-school activities.