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Savelieva, Irina, Antonina Ukhova und Alexey Okolnishnikov. „SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE MARKET STRUCTURE“. Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Economics and management" 9, Nr. 4 (2015): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em090420.
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Gavazza, Alessandro, Alessandro Lizzeri und Nikita Roketskiy. „A Quantitative Analysis of the Used-Car Market“. American Economic Review 104, Nr. 11 (01.11.2014): 3668–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.11.3668.
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Quantitatively, we investigate the allocative and welfare effects of secondary markets for cars. An important source of gains from trade in these markets is the heterogeneity in the willingness to pay for higher-quality (newer) goods, but transaction costs are an impediment to instantaneous trade. Calibration of the model successfully matches several aggregate features of the US and French used-car markets. Counterfactual analyses show that transaction costs have a large effect on volume of trade, allocations, and the primary market. Aggregate effects on consumer surplus and welfare are relatively small, but the effect on lower-valuation households can be large. (JEL D23, L62, L81)
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Martin, D., und H. C. W. L. Williams. „Market-Area Analysis and Accessibility to Primary Health-Care Centres“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, Nr. 7 (Juli 1992): 1009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241009.
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In this paper, postcoded data are used to develop spatial interaction models for the registration of individuals with different health centres. With use of a cell-based representation of urban space, indices of accessibility to and market areas for such services are devised. The empirical work relates to a study area in the City of Bristol, and reveals patterns of use of general practitioners at a level of detail not previously available. Some implications for locational planning in the primary health-care sector are also considered.
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Fan, Lixian, Sijie Zhang und Jingbo Yin. „Structural Analysis of Shipping Fleet Capacity“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (12.09.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3854090.
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With the unprecedented growth of the shipping transportation demand, substantial vessels have been built and delivered to the market. This has led to oversupply after the financial crisis in 2008 because of the abrupt decrease in transportation demand. Notwithstanding the importance of shipping market studies in the investment decision-making, there are relatively few empirical studies modelling the impacts on the structural changes of the fleet supply variables. By considering new orders, current fleet size, and demolitions in ship capacity supply, this study develops a systematic model in both bulker and container markets. The three-stage least squares method is employed to estimate the model to avoid endogenous issues. The primary finding suggests the significant impact of market, cost, and operational factors on fleet capacity supply. It also reveals the relatively rational activities in ordering new vessels and cautious in demolition decisions in the container market because of the large capital investment required. These are relevant to investment and demolition decisions in both the bulker and container markets.
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Zhang, Hong, Yue Wang und Yin Lin. „Simulation Analysis of Buyer Searching Process in China’s Primary Housing Market“. International Journal of Construction Management 13, Nr. 2 (Januar 2013): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2013.10773212.
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Severini, Sabrina. „Review of IPO Primary Market Pricing Literature“. Accounting and Finance Research 9, Nr. 4 (15.11.2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v9n4p32.
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The aim of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of Initial Public Offering literature on the pricing and interactions that occur in the IPO primary market. Among the multitude of variables that might affect the way shares are priced and sold in new offerings, the role of previous relationships between issuing firms, investment banks, and institutional investors, i.e. key participants in the listing process, is the object of analysis in the present paper. Existing mixed evidence suggests that repeated interactions among the major players could influence the IPO results in two ways: either by reducing asymmetric information problems or by determining opportunistic behaviours which can be seen in well-known secondary market price anomalies. The originality of the paper lies in the fact that it is the first to provide a review of literature on IPO primary market dynamics, thereby highlighting the way in which relationships between key parties of an IPO shape the entire pricing process. Moreover, this study points out the importance of shifting attention to this market in order to better understand IPO pricing dynamics.
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Kassa, Getahun, Eskinder Yigezu und Desalegn Alemayehu. „Market Chain Analysis of HighValue Fruits in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia“. International Journal of Marketing Studies 9, Nr. 3 (29.05.2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n3p124.
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This research aimed at assessing the market chain of banana, avocado and mango fruits in Bench Maji zone. Both primary and secondary data were collected from 2 purposively selected fruits producing districts namely North Bench and South Bench districts. Primary data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion. A total of 150 households were selected by using systematic random sampling technique. In addition, 40 traders were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Market structure – conduct – performance analysis model was used to assess the performance of the fruits market. The result revealed that the participants in the fruits market were identified as primary actors and secondary actors. Primary actors in the fruits market chain were producers, brokers/ agents, farmer traders, collectors, and wholesalers. Whereas, local tax authority, local police, transporters, and district Trade and Industry office were identified as secondary actors. Fruits market in the area was characterized by non-competitive nature with concentration ratio ranging from 42 to 91.10% indicating the existence of oligopoly market structure. Entrance and exit in the fruits market was blocked by licensing and access to channel. A channel that links producers to local wholesalers through brokers was more efficient in terms of large volumes of sales. However, performance of the fruits market was affected by seasonality, the existence of few big traders, limited access to information, absence of organized market center and brokers’ interference. Therefore, attention has to be given to alleviate the problems so as to improve the performance of the fruits market.
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Dinku, A., B. Abede, A. Lemma und M. Shako. „Analysis of beef cattle marketing channels under transaction costs in rural Ethiopia“. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 11, Nr. 1 (02.07.2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i1.54465.
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The study was designed to analyze beef cattle marketing channel choice under transaction costs. Multistage sampling technique was used to acquire primary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Multinomial Logit Model. The findings verified that most of the respondents (49%) were selling at the village markets, followed by farm gate and secondary market with 28% and 23%, respectively. The model results revealed that the probability of selling at farm gate and village market versus selling at secondary market increased with season sales, indicating level of market uncertainty. The results affirmed the probability of selling at village market versus selling at secondary market outlet increased with knowledge of buyer and decreased with trust in buyers. Other significant predictors were volume of beef cattle supplied, farmers' experience, and education level. Thus, policies aimed at improving the smallholder farmers’ access to cattle marketing channels should be informed by these factors.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 37-48, June 2021
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Vallée, Thomas, Gino Baudry und Patrice Guillotreau. „To Discard or to Co-Produce by Recycling Waste: An Illustrative Analysis Involving Output Constraint“. International Game Theory Review 21, Nr. 03 (September 2019): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198919500014.
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This theoretical paper investigates a multi-market Cournot model where a particular firm may process its waste from the primary market to sell them as co-products on a secondary market. Unlike the usual models found in the jointness in production literature based on costs and economies of scope, our model introduces the technical relationship between both outputs as a physical output constraint. We show the conditions under which a co-producing strategy is optimal for the firm. We find that an optimal share of waste processing depends on the structural conditions of the two markets.
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P., Rifky Aldila, und Andy Kristafi A. „ANALYSIS OF PARKING FEASIBILITY CAPACITY AT LANDUNGSARI MARKET, DAU DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY“. Journal Innovation of Civil Engineering (JICE) 2, Nr. 1 (09.05.2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jice.v2i1.11033.
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Landungsari Market is one of the traditional markets built by the local village government to accelerate the village economy. Previously, Landungsari Market was a temporary market but with an increase in sellers who were moved from the original Merjosari market so that the local government made the Landungsari market a permanent market today. With the increasing number of seller stalls in the Landungsari market, the parking lot in the Landungsari market has decreased so that it demands the possibility of illegal parking occurs in some areas of the market. The research objective was to determine the characteristics of parking, parking feasibility, and parking solutions. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The results obtained in this study are the number of parking spaces is still less than the number of parking vehicles, namely for two-wheeled parking lots, the parking needs exceed the normal capacity, while the average motorbike parking space unit is 129 parking spaces and the average The car park space unit is 11 parking spaces, so with this condition, it is deemed inappropriate parking facilities and additional parking lots to increase the parking capacity of vehicles, especially for two-wheeled vehicles
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Gurung, Jas Bahadur. „Status of Primary Market Response in Nepal“. Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 10, Nr. 1 (05.02.2018): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v10i1.19133.
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This paper attempts to analyze the status of primary market response in Nepal using secondary data collected from annual reports of various capital market institutions of 22 years starting from 1993/94 to 2014/15. This paper follows descriptive research design and analysis has been carried out throughout accordingly. The study concludes that the total capital mobilization has been increasing during the study period implying there is transfer of capital from surplus sectors to the productive investments gradually. Ordinary shares including rights offerings has found more active in the primary market than that of other alternative market mechanisms. It means preference shares, debentures, mutual funds and citizen unit schemes have been found still unorganized in Nepal. initial public offerings is mainly dominated by the ordinary shares has been highly oversubscribed during the study period except in few cases. This particular case shows the public response towards primary market is found good. However, when we go through all other indicators the primary market has still found unsystematic, vulnerable and even small in size. There are a very limited number of merchant bankers as financial intermediary in the primary market. The liberalization policy has brought major changes in regulatory and institutional framework but the primary market has yet to be improved and advanced so that the corporate houses can benefit by designing optimum capital structure and investors are also benefitted by developing appropriate investment portfolios. More specifically, the primary market more dynamic ofter the introduction of federal republic system since 2006/07 in Nepal, though it is still unstable.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. X No. 1 December 2017, Page: 56-68
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Kumar, Vinod, und Ganesh Kumar Nidugala. „Impact of primary market on total factor productivity: A cross-country analysis“. Cogent Economics & Finance 8, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 1786293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1786293.
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Venkataiah, Dr G. C., M. Yellaiah Naidu und Dr M. Paparao. „Analysis of Influencing Factors of Investor’s Perceptions on Indian Stock Markets“. Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, Nr. 4 (27.09.2021): 5629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2587.
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Investing in the Indian stock market is a great way for groups of investors to pool their funds for a common goal. Stock market schemes in India are managed by companies sponsored by financial institutions, banks, private companies, or international companies. This study was conducted to learn more about people's attitudes toward investing in the Indian stock market. For this study, the researcher spoke with 101 people who have invested in stock markets such as the BSE and NSE. The study is empirical in nature, and the universe for this study is Hyderabad city investors, with convenient sampling as the sampling technique. This study relied on primary data gathered through a structured questionnaire. The findings of the study suggest that stock market investors should pay close attention to other factors such as currency fluctuations, international relationships, tax rates, inflation rates, and political decisions, as these factors have an impact on stock market prices at the BSE and NSE, and that international relationships, tax rates, and political decisions influence investor perceptions.
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Chen, Kai, Li Qing Fang und Hong Kai Wang. „The Primary Processing of MEMS Devices and Applications Analysis“. Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (Dezember 2011): 2134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2134.
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This paper details the system of MEMS technology, focusing on analysis MEMS device processing and application status. Through the analysis of MEMS technology in the application of MEMS devices, MEMS devices described in the application of the status in modern life, while the survey data produced a MEMS device in the next few years the proportion of market share, and analyse the developments of MEMS devices and development trend.
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To, Truc Thi Thanh, und Hien Thi Diem Nguyen. „The role of the Vietnam securities market as a capital mobilization channel“. Science and Technology Development Journal 18, Nr. 3 (30.08.2015): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.864.
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This paper attempts to evaluate the role of Vietnam securities market as a capital mobilization channel for the economy through the activities on the primary market in the period between 2005 and 2013, focusing on Hanoi Stock Exchange. A summary of the establishment, development and operations of the secondary market in the period from 2005 to 2013 with information of size, liquidity of both stock and bond markets is also included. Through the analysis the efficiency of capital mobilization on the primary market, we find that the securities market is yet to become an efficient capital mobilization channel for companies. Therefore, in order for the securities market to develop safely and become an efficient capital mobilization channel, authorities need to have promoting policies, enhance the quality of market participants as well as the governance and operations of listed companies.
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Kanojia, Sonika. „An Analysis of Earning the Market Share Vs Buying the Market Share“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 2 (11.04.2021): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.700.
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The current market is going through lot of changes. The companies in all the industries are making lot of exciting strategies to compete with each other and secure a big portion in the overall market share. The two primary strategies used by the companies to acquire the market share are buying the market share and earning the market share.
To observe the consumer behavior that which one of the aforementioned strategies affect the customers the most, we conducted an analysis by way of this research paper. An intensive literature review was done apart from going through the audited records of many companies to know about their marketing strategies. Best possible research methodology was used to accomplish the desired objectives. The study was conducted in Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), which happens to be more like a Cosmopolitan. The required data was collected using a structured questionnaire; presented to the respondents post pretesting. The results showed that customer finds the steps used in the buying of market share to be very fascinating and attractive. Though, these strategies works well in short term but in the long term, it’s the Earning the market share strategy (that includes quality of the product and creation of Brand equity) which decides the customer’s tastes.
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Dressler, Marc. „The German Wine Market: A Comprehensive Strategic and Economic Analysis“. Beverages 4, Nr. 4 (21.11.2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040092.
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Even though it is famous for beer, Germany offers one of the most attractive wine markets, exemplified by being the fourth biggest wine consumption market and a world champion in sparkling wine consumption as well as in wine imports. Still, fragmentation, intensive competition, lack of growth, and a changing environment speak to a challenging market for suppliers. In the absence of a comprehensive investigation on the market, this article aspires to deliver an economic and strategic market analysis. The statistical data is therefore complemented by the primary market research, notably online surveys on strategy and innovation, a proprietary database on wineries’ reputation, and an international expert survey on export success factors. The following market study aims to provide a concise overview covering the relevant market data, and to disclose strategic information about the German wine industry beyond pure market statistics. The German wine market, in the stable wine volume sold, shows dynamism underneath “the tip of the iceberg”, with industry specific environmental forces. Indeed, as the wine industry deals with agricultural products of a high emotional utility, players need to address the world of commodities and of differentiation. Structural changes are visible in the drive-out of players. Moreover, diverse and even restricting environmental factors motivate supplier´s innovation. The key is the changing consumer. Adaptive and innovative suppliers seize market opportunities and expand, despite a lack of market growth. Although the overall price level of wine in the German market is comparatively low, a voluminous premium market exists, where consumers search for experience. Sustainability has been gaining ground, and in cases of appealing offerings and strategic profiling, wineries outperform intensive rivalries and are not limited by missing growth perspectives. Expenditures for marketing will further increase, and cost management is indispensable. Success in the German wine business requires an in-depth knowledge of the complex market and its evolution.
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Sun, Bo Xue, Yu Liu, Zuo Ren Nie, Feng Gao, Zhi Hong Wang und Xian Zheng Gong. „Exergy-Based Resource Intensity Analysis of Primary Nickel Production in China“. Materials Science Forum 847 (März 2016): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.391.
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The resource intensity of primary nickel production in China was analyzed by the indicator of exergy, which can provide a unified picture about the overall processes involved in the life cycle of nickel. The results show that primary nickel’s CExD value is 235GJex/t, and the largest contributor to the CExD is electricity (46%), followed by fuels (31%), mineral (16%), and land resource (7%); the considerable proportion natural mineral and land resource account for in the result is due to the high exergy value of sulphide minerals and the low grade of natural nickel ore. The results also show that the calculation of this study is sensitive to the choice of allocation basis (mass and market value); however, market value is not recommended in this study since that nickel’s price varies greatly over time.
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Altunina, L. N. „STATE ANALYSIS OF BANKING SECTOR OF KURSK REGION“. Education and Science without Limits: Fundamental and Applied Researches, Nr. 10 (25.11.2019): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2500-249x-2019-10-144-146.
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The state policy aimed at banking system stabilization stipulated the urgency of the research. With developed market competition the primary factor of successful work of any bank is the high competitiveness level of its financial products. The state analysis of banking sector of the region (on the example of Kursk region) to reveal the reserves of competitiveness increase of bank products both nationwide, and in the markets of the regions is especially actual at the present stage of bank development.
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Zvezdina, N. V., und S. S. Grachеva. „Major Trends in the Primary Residential Real Estate Market: Economic and Statistical Analysis (Case Study: The City of Moscow)“. Voprosy statistiki 27, Nr. 1 (14.02.2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-1-71-84.
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The authors present results of the study of the domestic residential real estate market, using the city of Moscow as an example. Importance of this study comes from the fact that the residential real estate market occupies a significant place in the national economy; that said, it is necessary to take into account its scale and development dynamics. On one hand, the development of the residential real estate market is always considered within our country’s social policy that is targeted at raising standards of living. Оn the other hand, players in various markets participate in the housing construction industry because in it are concentrated significant volumes of financial flows. For a more detailed economic and statistical analysis, the authors chose the most dynamically developing segment of residential real estate in Moscow - the market for new buildings. According to the authors, dynamics, and nature of change in the indicators of the capital market of primary real estate along with general market conditions was affected by legislative changes that have occurred in the construction and banking sectors.Given the heterogeneous development of the capital market in a large metropolis such as Moscow, the authors applied the clustering of districts using the results of comprehensive studies of the primary real estate market of previous years. For this study, four groups of factors were identified: characteristics of apartments, indicators of transport accessibility, the level of infrastructure development and the state of the environment. The information sources included databases of leading real estate companies such as CIAN, Metrium, Domofond (as of the end of May 2019), as well as official statistics from Mosgorstat, Mosecomonitoring, Unified Transport Portal. After the preliminary analysis of the data, sample was made of new buildings of the mass segment (economy and class comfort).Using regression analysis, the authors constructed models of the dependence of the cost per square meter of residential real estate on the market of new buildings in Moscow on several factors and identified the most significant of them. The results of the study presented in the article may be of interest to consulting companies, real estate agencies, employees of the banking sector, as well as local authorities for strategic planning of the development of the real estate market.
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Amatya, S. M., I. Nuberg, E. Cedamon, K. K. Shrestha, B. H. Pandit, P. Aulia, M. Joshi und B. Dhakal. „Participatory market chain appraisal for the full range of agroforestry products including market trends and growing markets“. Banko Janakari 27, Nr. 2 (03.10.2018): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v27i2.21221.
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This paper focuses on the participatory market chain analysis of agroforestry products in six sites of two districts (Kavre and Lamjung) of Nepal. In total, 93 market actors were involved in the study, in which 80 persons were purposively selected from Local Resource Person (LRP) and Local Resource Group (LRG) members and 13 persons were randomly selected from the local, district and national level traders. Primary data on agroforestry products was collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools following several field visits. Fourteen agroforestry products in Lamjung and 20 agroforestry products in Kavrepalanchok district were selected for analysis. The findings showed that small-scale production and insufficient service to farmers from the village level agriculture collection centers and cooperatives are the major constraints to effective and efficient market chain development and management. The main factors responsible for increasing the production of agroforestry products are the rise in awareness among LRPs/ LRGs about agroforestry practices along with institutional and policy development to facilitate the marketing of agroforestry products. The paper concludes by highlighting the controlling factors in agroforestry business. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 27, No. 2, 2017, page: 32-45
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Joshi, Dipika. „An Analysis of Security Market Growth and Individuals' Investment Decision“. Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 3, Nr. 1 (14.07.2019): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v3i1.24838.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth of Security Market from FY2005/06 to FY 2016/17 and to determine the most influencing factor that drive investment decision. The security market growth indicators taken are Market Size and Market Liquidity. To examine the relationship between Investment Decision and influencing factors, factors such as Advocate Recommendation, Personal Financial Needs, Accounting Information, Firm’s Image and Neutral Information are taken into consideration. For this study, data are collected both from primary as well as secondary sources. To analyze the growth of stock market, secondary data have been obtained from annual publication of NEPSE, SEBON, MOF etchant statistical analysis like Ratio Analysis (such as MCR and ML), Growth Analysis and Correlation have been applied. For the study of investment decision, primary data have been collected with the sample size of 200. T-test has been applied to examine the relationship between investment decision and influencing factors. The result shows that Nepalese capital market has erratic trend during study period. It implies that capital market is immature and investors are not motivated to invest in the companies. It is also not deniable that the capital market has developed compared to FY 2005/06. Furthermore, Nepalese investors mostly consider firm’s reputation in the industry and opinion of firms’ majority of stockholder before investing in any stock.
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Pokharel, Jhabindra. „Capital Market Linkage to Economic Growth in Nepal“. WIJAR Volume 4 Issue 1 4, Nr. 1 (20.11.2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202041jp.
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This article examines the causal relationship between capital market development and economic growth in Nepal using annual time series data from 1994-2019. Total market capitalization is used as a proxy of secondary market development and the total public issue of securities in a particular year is taken as an indicator of primary market development. Using the Johansen cointegration test and vector error correction method (VECM) in regression analysis, the study reveals that capital markets in Nepal are supporting economic growth through efficient fundraising, efficient allocation of resources, fair price determination and liquidity. The findings from this study conclude that there is a unidirectional causality running from capital market development to economic growth in both the long-run and short-run. However, this study found no support for causality running from economic growth to the capital market. Therefore, the findings from this study recommend policies that increase the reach of the capital market to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and individual investors. Keywords: capital market, market capitalization, primary market, economic growth, Nepal
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Bojnec, Štefan, und Alan Križaj. „Electricity Markets during the Liberalization: The Case of a European Union Country“. Energies 14, Nr. 14 (17.07.2021): 4317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144317.
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This paper analyzes electricity markets in Slovenia during the specific period of market deregulation and price liberalization. The drivers of electricity prices and electricity consumption are investigated. The Slovenian electricity markets are analyzed in relation with the European Energy Exchange (EEX) market. Associations between electricity prices on the one hand, and primary energy prices, variation in air temperature, daily maximum electricity power, and cross-border grid prices on the other hand, are analyzed separately for industrial and household consumers. Monthly data are used in a regression analysis during the period of Slovenia’s electricity market deregulation and price liberalization. Empirical results show that electricity prices achieved in the EEX market were significantly associated with primary energy prices. In Slovenia, the prices for daily maximum electricity power were significantly associated with electricity prices achieved on the EEX market. The increases in electricity prices for households, however, cannot be explained with developments in electricity prices on the EEX market. As the period analyzed is the stage of market deregulation and price liberalization, this can have important policy implications for the countries that still have regulated and monopolized electricity markets. Opening the electricity markets is expected to increase competition and reduce pressures for electricity price increases. However, the experiences and lessons learned among the countries following market deregulation and price liberalization are mixed. For industry, electricity prices affect cost competitiveness, while for households, electricity prices, through expenses, affect their welfare. A competitive and efficient electricity market should balance between suppliers’ and consumers’ market interests. With greening the energy markets and the development of the CO2 emission trading market, it is also important to encourage use of renewable energy sources.
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Clemens, Jeffrey. „An Analysis of Economic Warfare“. American Economic Review 103, Nr. 3 (01.05.2013): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.523.
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I develop a framework for assessing economic warfare, which describes efforts to undermine adversaries' sources of income. The ability to target adversarial market participants is a primary determinant of the success of such efforts, as is the elasticity of demand in the relevant market. An application of the framework to US efforts to suppress the Afghan opium trade yields pessimistic results. Inelastic demand and poorly targeted enforcement have led these efforts to increase the drug trade resources flowing toward the Taliban.
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Yuliastuti, Ida Ayu Nyoman, und Ni Luh Putu Sandrya Dewi. „PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG PASAR SENI GUWANG: KAJIAN BERDASARKAN FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL“. Widya Akuntansi dan Keuangan 1, Nr. 2 (28.08.2019): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/widyaakuntansi.v1i2.379.
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One of the famous art markets in Gianyar Regency is the Guwang Art Market. Along with the development of globalization and competition in the economy, the economic potential of the Guwang Art Market has gradually experienced sluggishness. The Gianyar Regency Government as the manager of the Guwang Art Market and the Guwang Art Market traders must pay attention to internal and external factors that can increase tourist visits to the Guwang Art Market. This study aims to conduct a more in-depth analysis of internal and external factors that can affect the income of the Guwang Art Market traders.The sample in this study consisted of 84 traders from 540 traders in the Guwang Sukawati Art Market, Gianyar Regency. Secondary data was obtained from the Guwang Art Market Administration Office and the primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to the Guwang Art Market traders. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis techniques.
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Dianov, D. V., und P. A. Smelov. „Development of statistical classifications to study the content and structure of the primary real estate market“. Statistics and Economics 16, Nr. 2 (14.05.2019): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2019-2-4-14.
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Statistical study of the primary real estate market is always associated with the problem that the object is in a constant, and very intense change, both in quantitative terms and in its internal content. Therefore, the issues of constant adaptation of statistical methodology in relation to the primary real estate market are relevant continuously. Among the tasks that are constantly in the field of statistical science and practice in relation to the primary real estate market are the following. First, a critical analysis of the content of the modern primary real estate market, which should allow to identify its fundamental features as an object of statistical research, to systematize the economic relations of the subjects of this market segment for a comprehensive statistical analysis of its functioning and development in any region of Russia. Secondly, it is the construction of analytical classifications of the primary real estate market, systematization of criteria for their construction, which should allow for a qualitative analysis of the structure of this market segment in the modern market economy. Third, the continuous improvement of the system of statistical indicators of the primary real estate market, which should be constantly supplemented by various blocks of indicators, the use of which will link the development of the primary real estate market with indicators of the standard of living of the population and socio-economic development of a particular region on the basis of the formation and ordering of its various subsystems, which will increase their consistency with indicators of living standards and socio-economic development. To Develop the theory and statistical methodology of the complex study of the primary real estate market in terms of the development of criteria for the division of the object into homogeneous groups by typological characteristics and the construction on their basis of statistical classifications necessary for the structural analysis of the primary real estate market. To obtain scientific results in this article, General scientific methods of cognition, such as scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, are used, since it is a question of dividing a single whole into typologically homogeneous complexes, the organic relationship between which ensures the integrity and unity of the studied object – the primary real estate market. In addition, the use of the statistical grouping method is considered throughout the work, as it is an applied application of typological criteria. The main classification features of economic assets traded in the primary real estate market of the region are Substantiated and formulated. The development of criteria for the typological division of the object allowed to build statistical classifications necessary for a comprehensive analysis of the structure and structural changes in the primary real estate market. In the scientific article deals with the problematic aspects of a statistical study of the primary real estate market in parts of its etymology on the basis of clear criteria against which to understand the quality and properties of the traded on its economic assets, to build a statistical classification. All this is a step in the first stage of the statistical study in the sequence that is classically considered by the General theory of statistics. Statistical classifications and groupings by typological features precede the science-intensive substantiation and application of complex mathematical and static methods for factor analysis and forecasting of primary real estate market indicators.
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Islam, Md Saikul, A. N. Faruq, M. M. H. Chowdhury, Mohammad Shahjahan und K. Kabir. „Value Chain Analysis of Exportable Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) from Bangladesh“. Agriculturists 13, Nr. 1 (24.01.2016): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i1.26557.
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A survey was conducted to assess the export supply and value chain analyses of okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L.) in Bangladesh. The survey was consisted of primary and secondary data from semi-structured interview of key persons involved in the supply chains of export market of okra and from the review of relevant reports and literature. Primary data were collected from 40 middlemen (from Ulokhola-10, Kawranbazar-7, Shambazar-8, Jatrabaribazar-5, Chandina-10), 5 service providers and 20 okra exporters of Dhaka city. It was found that the supply chain was fragmented and complex. The middlemen predominantly controlled the supply chains. Post-harvest management was poor, resulting low quality of the produce and low prices in the export market. The supply chain indicated that, the growers consumed 7.8% of their own product while 92.2% was sold out. About 28% farmers sold their okra at the field/farm-gates and 72% was sold in the local markets. The value chain analyses (VCA) revealed that, the net profit margin was 15.77 Tk/kg for both the UK and the Middle East markets whereas the net profit was 5.86 Tk/kg in local markets. The cost of airfreight was highest (63.97%) of all costs followed by the production cost of okra (16.85%) and the cost of packing (13.40%).The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 133-139
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Dianov, Dmitry V., und Pavel A. Smelov. „Content and boundaries of the primary real estate market as an object of statistical research“. Statistics and Economics 16, Nr. 1 (19.03.2019): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2019-1-41-56.
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The primary real estate market is one of the youngest segments of the market economy in modern Russia. If the genesis of the modern secondary market was observed in the pre-reform period: barter relations in terms of urban housing, the purchase and sale of suburban areas were freely carried out, small suburban real estate, garage buildings, etc., the real market relations with the relevant legal framework in terms of ownership rights in the primary market became possible only with the change of economic formation. All participants in the rapidly emerging primary real estate market quickly became familiar with pricing, market conditions, utility criteria and many other parameters inherent in this market segment. However, issues of managing business processes on the primary market of real estate, including a balance of opportunities for sellers and customer needs, pricing, adequate information support to all management levels, still are a problem and remain open.Purpose.The relevance and social need for statistical study of the primary real estate market determined the purpose of scientific work as a clarification of the nature, content, boundaries and participants of the market in order to improve and develop statistical methodology.Materials and methods.To make the research and form the adequate conclusions when writing a scientific paper, the extensive material of theoretical, methodological and applied nature was used, the authors of which are both domestic and foreign scientists in the field of statistics, management, investment, marketing and technical sciences. The paper uses a wide range of general scientific methods of knowledge, the use of which together allowed to abstract from the non-essential aspects and mutually reinforcing factors that do not ultimately have a tangible impact on the state and dynamics of the primary real estate market - methods of abstraction and idealization; moving from the general laws of the real estate market, to form private conclusions concerning the segments and even objects of the primary real estate market as an object of statistical research – the method of deduction; to comprehend the object as a whole and at the same time as an interconnected mechanism represented by all its structural components – methods of analysis and synthesis; to conduct a comparative analysis of objects and identify possible vectors of the market development – methods of analogy and mental-symbolic modeling.Results. Qualitative analysis allowed to determine the place and importance of the primary real estate market in the entire system of multi-market economy; to identify the life cycle of the objects of the market and on their basis to structure it; to identify the factors of development of the primary real estate market, quantitative assessment of the impact of which will be subsequently given on the basis of regression analysis; to summarize the set of risks that determine the diverse variation of the primary real estate market. The development of statistical methodology for the study of the primary real estate market can be based only on a clear understanding of the nature and internal content of the studied object. At the same time, so sensitive to the market and general economic situation in the country and each region, the market is constantly changing: it does not have a stationary point. Therefore, it is necessary not only quantitative analysis of the object on the basis of statistical methods, but also continuous monitoring of all economic phenomena that contribute to the modification of the primary real estate market.
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Al-Abri, Khamis S., Hemesiri Kotagama, Andrew Palfreman und Houcine Boughanmi. „Transport Modeling Analysis to Test the Efficiency of Fish Markets in Oman“. Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 14 (01.01.2009): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol14iss0pp35-40.
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Oman’s fish exports have shown an increasing trend while supplies to the domestic market have declined, despite increased domestic demand caused by population growth and income. This study hypothesized that declining fish supplies to domestic markets were due to inefficiency of the transport function of the fish marketing system in Oman. The hypothesis was tested by comparing the observed prices of several fish species at several markets with optimal prices. The optimal prices were estimated by the dual of a fish transport cost- minimizing linear programming model. Primary data on market prices and transportation costs and quantities transported were gathered through a survey of a sample of fish transporters. The quantity demanded at market sites was estimated using secondary data. The analysis indicated that the differences between the observed prices and the estimated optimal prices were not significantly different showing that the transport function of fish markets in Oman is efficient. This implies that the increasing trend of fish exports vis-à-vis the decreasing trend of supplies to domestic markets is rational and will continue. This may not be considered to be equitable but it is efficient and may have long-term implications for national food security and have an adverse impact on the nutritional and health status of the rural poor population. Policy makers may have to recognize the trade off between the efficiency and equity implications of the fish markets in Oman and make policy decisions accordingly in order to ensure national food security.
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Beitel, Karl. „Circuits of Capital, Ground Rent and the Production of the Built Environment: A (New) Framework for Analysis“. Human Geography 9, Nr. 3 (November 2016): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861600900303.
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This paper develops prior work on Marxian theories of ground rent and property investment to outline a framework for interpreting the long-term rise in property prices observed in the neoliberal period. Orthodox economists and private developers have consistently maintained that the primary barrier to addressing affordability problems in expensive urban regions is excessive regulation. A diametrically contrasting view is developed in this paper. I argue the affordability crisis expresses the confluence and interaction of three primary factors: widening income and wealth disparities; the fictitious nature of land as a commodity, and the ability of property developers to extract surplus profits. Land is not a genuine commodity; and housing is a heterogeneous economic good whose production is targeted toward particular buyers of this good. Contra the hypothetical constructions of neoclassical economics, there is no “general supply” or “general demand” in urban housing markets. I show why increased production can lead the market toward higher overall levels of rents and prices. The primary counter-tendency to this basic dynamic is recurrent overproduction crises, with some modicum of affordability restored only through a collapse of prices once markets become severely overbuilt. Internal factors within the land market operate to limit the actual fall in prices, so that the longer-term trend in the neoliberal period shows a pronounced inflationary bias.
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Patil, Ashok Chanabasangouda, und Shailesh Rastogi. „Multifractal Analysis of Market Efficiency across Structural Breaks: Implications for the Adaptive Market Hypothesis“. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, Nr. 10 (20.10.2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13100248.
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The primary objective of this paper is to assess the behavior of long memory in price, volume, and price-volume cross-correlation series across structural breaks. The secondary objective is to find the appropriate structural breaks in the price series. The structural breaks in the series are identified using the Bai and Perron procedure, and in each segment, Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) and Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (MFDCCA) are conducted to capture the long memory in each series. The price series is persistent in small fluctuations and anti-persistent in large fluctuations across all the structural segments. This confirms that long memory in the series is not affected by the structural breaks. Both volume and price-volume cross-correlation are anti-persistent in all the structural segments. In other words, volume acts as a carrier of the information only in the non-volatile (normal) market. The varying Hurst exponent across the structural segments indicates the varying levels of persistence and signifies the volatile market. The findings of the study are useful for understanding the practical implications of the Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH).
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Kalavathi, Surya, und Lenin Kanagasabai. „COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUTURE MARKET IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT“. Finance & Accounting Research Journal 2, Nr. 2 (22.06.2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/farj.v2i2.104.
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For decision making, sugar basic identification can be used as a strategic tool. In this study, accessible forecast using ARMA (p,q) time series models comparing Indonesian sugar spot and ICE future markets. The study identified that in two cities of Indonesia, there exist synchronous high and low primary movement, and volatility with correlation coefficient of 0.70, showing positive higher magnitude, and descriptive statistics. The result shows that in the selected two cities, Jakarta showed higher compare to the other city. Comparing forecasting errors between ARMA (p,q) and SARMAX (p,q) models, the monthly sugar basis model for Bande Aache is SARMAX (1,0). For Jakarta, the forecasted model is ARMA (2,0). Additionally, the Bande Aache sugar basis breakpoint month is 2008M09 and for Bande Aache, breakpoint month is 2011M11. A closer analysis suggests that the breaking points coinciding with the identifiable sugar basis level and the volatility trends in the examined period. Both forecasted models are easier and implementable and can provide informational input for efficient allocative decisions by the Indonesian sugar supply chain.
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C. Huang, Carol. „Does rapid market growth enhance efficiency? An evaluation of the Chinese mutual fund market“. Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, Nr. 2 (05.07.2019): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(2).2019.32.
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In recent years, China’s mutual fund market has grown exponentially. With hundreds of new funds introduced into the market each year, an essential question to ask is whether this voluminous growth promotes funds’ efficiency, as funds compete for investment. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional portfolio performance metrics, this study utilizes a non-parametric model, data envelopment analysis (DEA), to assess the relative efficiency of equity and hybrid funds for 2016–2018. The empirical results show that despite the development in the fund industry, only a small portion of the funds are fully efficient. While efficiency improvement is observed in equity funds, the efficiency in hybrid funds actually deteriorates. On average, equity funds are more efficient and persistent in performance than hybrid funds. The empirical results also indicate that the primary areas of inefficiency are downside risk management and fund fee structures. For hybrid funds, fund size is also related to efficiency performance. The findings of this study offer implications for how to strengthen the development and stability of the Chinese mutual fund market.
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Valluri, Subhakara. „Examining market concentration levels of available global financial commodity products“. Research Papers in Economics and Finance 4, Nr. 2 (2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ref.2020.2.5.
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The primary objective of this study is to find disparities in the commodity product offerings in various financial markets across the world along with their market concentration levels. Identifying the product gaps in commodity-based financial products offered by the worldwide financial exchanges can assist the decision-makers to fill the existing gaps and strategi-cally attain the worldwide competitive market of commodity exchanges for all nations. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, HHI, is used to measure market concentration grouped by geographical regions or exchanges. Our study is conducted for the time period between 2012 and 2016. The disparity analysis indicates a disparity between the various types of com-modity products traded in several exchanges across different geographical regions. Our HHI values reflect a high level of commodity market volume concentration in region-wise analysis and a moderate level of market volume concentration in the exchange-wise analysis.
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Wharton, Arthur, und Hari Sharma. „ANALYSIS OF CREDIT CARDS, AUTOMOBILE LOANS AND MORTGAGE BACKED SECURITIES: PRIMARY MARKET RISK PERCEPTIONS“. Journal of International Finance and Economics 16, Nr. 3 (01.10.2016): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jife-16-3.8.
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STEINEROWSKA-STREB, Izabela. „Internationalization of Polish enterprises. A comparative analysis of family and non-family businesses“. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, Nr. 150 (2021): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.150.19.
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Purpose: The study aimed to determine whether family businesses in Poland are as involved in international activity as non-family businesses. Moreover, the intention was to identify differences in the forms of foreign expansion employed by family and non-family firms. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives were pursued based on primary research conducted in 188 family firms and 223 non-family firms operating on the Polish market. Findings: The analysis of the results indicates that family firms conduct business activity outside the domestic market significantly less frequently than non-family firms. The most common form of internationalization chosen by Polish family firms is export and import. Generally, these firms are not interested in joint ventures with foreign partners. Compared to non-family firms, Polish family firms establish divisions abroad significantly less frequently. However, they engage in non-equity cooperation more often than non-family firms. Practical implications: Knowledge about the involvement of family and non-family firms in international activity and their preferred forms of internationalization can be used by business environment institutions. Originality/value: The study results enrich the knowledge on the activity of Polish family firms on foreign markets as compared to similar activity of non-family businesses
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Lee, Jungyoun, Jungyeon Kim, Jiwoo Kim und Seungho Choi. „Why Localization Is Necessary as a Business Strategy in Emerging Markets: The Case Comparison of Hyundai and Volkswagen“. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, Nr. 3 (18.08.2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030190.
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Localization, the process of establishing the most adequate system in the target market according to the given environment to produce the most viable product in the market, can help multinational enterprises (MNE) to better understand the market, and take the most appropriate actions needed. Business strategies in emerging markets must account for the environment’s distinctive characteristics because emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions, also known as institutional voids. What would be the best strategy to respond to these voids? The primary focus of this article is to investigate how multinational businesses deal with the institutional voids of emerging markets such as the Indian automobile market, and how the different strategies affect the players’ performances. By comparing Hyundai Motors Company and Volkswagen Auto Group’s different strategical approaches, this research demonstrates that better creation of a local value chain and ecosystem leads to better performance in emerging markets. Survival within emerging markets requires thorough market analysis in an institutional context, and rapid response to environmental shifts resulting from institutional voids. Localization can help in both aspects.
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Tsitsipati, Vaia, und Christodoulou Athanasios. „SWOT analysis of the truffles market in Greece“. British Food Journal 116, Nr. 12 (25.11.2014): 1976–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2012-0293.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the suitability of Greece as a possible market for truffles. Primary data were collected and analysed in a systematic and detailed way to highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this prospective market development. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-stage survey was conducted using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The data obtained were analysed using the SWOT analysis method. Findings – The survey highlighted the market characteristics of truffles in Greece. These were sorted into four categories: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks. Results show that truffles have an attractive mix of qualities; however, issues such as the lack of intermediary and customer knowledge and the limited communication of their benefits need to be overcome. Research limitations/implications – Findings showed that the use of SWOT analysis in specialized food products provides marketers and professionals’ insight and guidance into designing their marketing activities. Practical implications – Truffles production or trading requires strong commitment by professionals who want to succeed in this market field. Social implications – Truffles market growth could contribute to the social welfare through the creation of supplemental income, the cultivation of arid fields and the conservation of natural resources due to their environmentally friendly manner of production. Originality/value – For the first time, SWOT analysis is used to investigate the factors that shape the market of specialized products in the food sector.
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Mariani, Massimo, Paola Amoruso, Raffaele Didonato und Alessandra Caragnano. „The Drivers of Cat Bond Spread in the Primary Market“. International Journal of Business and Management 13, Nr. 2 (14.01.2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n2p65.
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The current paper presents an empirical analysis concerning the cat bond spread determinants at the time of issue, to evaluate potential drivers of catastrophe bond prices in the primary market. Starting from the framework description following the main branch of existing literature in this field, the statistical significance of various determinants on the pricing of cat bond is measured, paying attention to a factor representative of economic and financial circumstances and market conditions in general, consequently not associated with the catastrophe risk, namely Libor; it will be considered in order to verify the absence of influence of risk free rate on spread in the primary market. The results achieved provide insight in understanding variation of catastrophe risk prices, by taking into account term structure as well as external conditions, thus evaluating which potential spread determinants could help to improve the explanatory power of an econometric pricing model.
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Yupensuk, Worakant, und Pornthipa Ongkunaruk. „Business Process Analysis: A case of Primary Shrimp Processor“. KnE Life Sciences 4, Nr. 2 (01.03.2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i2.1668.
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Shrimp industry is important for Thai economy due to high volume of export. However, there is an increasing trend in shrimp consumption in domestic market as well. Our objective is to study the current supply chain of a medium sized primary shrimp processor in Samut Sakhon province. First, we analyze its business process and identify the problems and propose the improvement. The business process is analyzed by using Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0) to illustrate major activities in the current situation of primary processing facility. Next, we propose guidelines to improve efficiency in each activity. We found that the temperature control material of shrimp during production is ice since it is convenient and need low investment. In summary, the appropriate material to control the temperature is important to minimize cost and maintain the quality of shrimp. In addition, the proper production processes can increase the productivity. Keywords: Business Process Analysis; IDEF; Shrimp; Supply Chain Management
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Lee, Sangki, und Chung-hun Hong. „The Effects of the Regulations on the ELW Markets : An Analysis on ELW Pricing“. Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 24, Nr. 2 (31.05.2016): 301–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-02-2016-b0005.
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We examine the effects of new regulations introduced by Korean government to cool down overheated Korean ELW markets. We also investigate whether ELWs are fairly priced as noted in the previous research. The empirical findings are as follows. Firstly, ELW was more expensive than KOSPI200 option not only before but also after the introduction of the new regulations. But degrees of the overpricedness are decreased significantly with the new regulations. Secondly, we confirm the well known facts in the literature that liquidity providers get extra profits as monopolistic providers for ELWs. Thirdly, we analyze the determinants of the differences in premiums between ELW and KOSPI200 option. The trading volume is negatively correlated with premium difference, however, timeto-maturity and market share are not statistically significant. Even though it seems that the financial regulator achieve their primary purpose to control the overheated market, we find that the new regulations have almost no effects on the overpricing problem, which implies that overpricing in ELW is not related to the market inefficiency.
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Davis, Elise Catherine, Terri Menser, Alondra Cerda Juarez, Lesley E. Tomaszewski und Bita A. Kash. „Examining healthcare systems: a market analysis for Kenya“. European Journal of Training and Development 43, Nr. 1/2 (18.02.2019): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-06-2016-0041.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a literature review of the health workforce, hospital and clinic systems, infrastructure, primary care, regulatory climate, the pharmaceutical industry and community health behavior of the Kenyan health-care system with the purpose of providing a thorough background on the health-care environment in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted using Pub Med, searching for “Kenya” in the title of articles published from January 1, 2015 to February 24, 2016; this provided a broad overview of the type of research being conducted in Kenya. Other data provided by governmental agencies and non-governmental agencies was also reviewed to describe the current state of population health in Kenya. Findings An initial review of 615 Pubmed articles included 455 relevant articles. A complete review of these studies was conducted, resulting in a final sample of 389 articles. These articles were categorized into three main subject areas with 14 secondary subject areas (Figure 1). Research limitations/implications The narrow scope of the search parameters set for the systematic review was a necessary limitation to focus on the most relevant literature. The findings of this study provide a thorough background on health care in Kenya to researchers and practitioners. Originality/value This compilation of data specific to Kenya provides a detailed summary of both the country’s health-care services and health status, focusing on potential means of realizing increased quality and length of life.
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Sarnecki, Cezary. „Hotels’ lodging services market analysis in Poland in 2003 - 2008“. Equilibrium 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2010): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2010.020.
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The main purpose of this article is the answer a question how polish hotels’ base looks like, both comparing structure of the categorized hotels, their geographical dispersion, comparison to other EU countries and dynamics and direction of development? Does hotels’ rooms supply follow the demand for lodging services and if the structure of supply is adequate to the structure of demand (as a distinguishing feature is used hotel’s category)? In the purpose of answering the above questions indexes of dynamics and analysis of structure were used. Primary thesis was stated that there is underdevelopment of hotels’ base in Poland and in the past years 2003-2008 despite of growing investments this underdevelopment did not diminish.
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Kyaw, Nyein, Soojung Ahn und Sang Lee. „Analysis of the Factors Influencing Market Participation among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 12 (27.11.2018): 4441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124441.
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Smallholder farmers face numerous constraints that restrict their access to markets and prevent them from taking advantage of market opportunities. This research aimed to examine the factors affecting the market participation of smallholder farmers and find ways to improve the income and livelihood of smallholder farmers, focusing on Myothit Township in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. For the primary data, we surveyed 150 smallholder rice farmers which were selected using a random sampling technique. Using the Heckman two-stage selection model, we analyzed the factors influencing smallholder rice farmers’ decisions regarding participation in the agricultural market. This study revealed that the decision to participate in the rice market was dependent on different factors such as the household head age, education status, household size, total produce of rice, price of rice, household income, ownership of livestock, membership of farmer organization, access to roads, distance to market, access to extension services, and market information. The results of this study have implications as to what factors need to be addressed to encourage smallholder rice farmers to participate in the market. We suggest that Myanmar government and policymakers need to establish balanced policies for small-scale farmers and manage them in an appropriate way so that agricultural development can be induced, contributing to poverty reduction, food security, and economic development.
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MILLSON, MURRAY R., und DAVE WILEMON. „THE NPD SPEED-MARKET SUCCESS RELATIONSHIP: A META-ANALYSIS“. International Journal of Innovation Management 23, Nr. 06 (25.07.2019): 1950057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919619500579.
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This study explores the relationship between new product development (NPD) process speed, as an independent variable, and the perceived market success of products resulting from these NPD processes, as a dependent variable. This is the first meta-analysis that examines the impact of NPD speed on NPD success/performance. This study extends existing research by analysing NPD speed and NPD success correlations found in papers published between 1980 and 2017. The primary research question examined in this study is “Is there a consistent, linear relationship between NPD speed and NPD success/performance across studies?”. To address this question, correlation coefficients related to the relationship between NPD speed and NPD success/performance were gathered from published journal papers. The meta-analytic data gathered during this study resulted in a total of 2,840 individual, correlational relationships. Based on a meta-analytical examination of this data, it was found that the sample data for this study did not represent a single population of correlational relationships. Research implications, limitations, and research directions are provided in this study.
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Pan, Yaqian, Wenxin Song und Yanjun Xv. „Research and Analysis on Market Value Management in China Based on Method of Rank-Sum Ratio and Principal Component Analysis“. International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, Nr. 11 (26.10.2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n11p124.
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<p>Since 2005, China has implemented the split-share reform. After entering the full-circulation era of stock equity, the pursuit for maximize the company value has turned into the primary goal of listed companies in the course of their management and development. Thus, they attach great importance to the concept of market value management. The management of stockholders in listed companies began to pay attention to the inner values and the performances in the stock market of their enterprises, and thereby the concept of market value management is established. However, the weak efficiency of China’s capital market has resulted in the deviation between market values and inner values of companies. Thus, companies need to implement market value management and devise corresponding solutions so that two kinds of values can be well-matched.</p>This paper presents the definition of market value management at first. Next, it studies the background of the emergence of market value management as well as its development status in China, which are also compared with the overseas value management. And then, it makes a literature review and analyzes Economic Value Added Evaluation System (EVA), a performance evaluation system of market value management. It adopts the method of Rank Sum Ratio (RSR)and Principal Component Analysis to make empirical analyses,which evaluates the level of market value management of listed companies in China and discovers the weak links existing in the process of market value management .This paper eventually puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
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Gunter, Lewell, Webb M. Smathers, Michael C. Ingram und Robert Dubman. „Analysis of Economic Emergency Loan Allocations and Credit Market Expansion“. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, Nr. 2 (Dezember 1985): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025024.
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AbstractThe Economic Emergency (EE) loan program, administered by the FmHA, was created by Congress in 1978. The primary purpose of the program was to provide credit to farmers who were unable to obtain credit from normal lenders due to economic stress. Over six billion dollars of EE loans were extended nationally during fiscal years 1978 through 1981. This paper examines the allocation of EE loans at the state level and the expansionary effect of the program on farm credit markets. Empirical evidence is provided that EE funds were allocated to states consistently with the general criteria cited in the development of the EE program and that the EE program expanded farm credit markets rather than displacing loans from other sources.
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Romaniuk, Jenni, John Dawes und Magda Nenycz-Thiel. „Modeling brand market share change in emerging markets“. International Marketing Review 35, Nr. 5 (10.09.2018): 785–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine what happens to key brand performance metrics as brands change in market share, in the context of packaged goods. The metrics are: penetration—the number of buyers a brand has; and loyalty—measured as purchase frequency (PF) and share of category requirements (SCR). Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes 24 data sets in 17 packaged goods categories in three emerging markets: China, Malaysia and Indonesia. The authors examine changes in penetration, loyalty and SCR in the context of volume and value market share change. In addition, the authors examine whether initial price point and price movements influence the results. Findings The primary finding is that market share change is accompanied by a greater change in penetration than in any other metric. This finding is very consistent across categories and countries. The relative importance of the two loyalty metrics varies by country. SCR was a stronger factor in Indonesia, while PF was stronger in Malaysia. Analysis indicated that pricing strategy (initial price and promotional depth) did not alter the main pattern of results, suggesting the results hold for brands with different price levels and tactics. Practical implications Irrespective of circumstance, to grow in value or volume market share, brands should aim to grow in penetration, while the importance of changes in specific loyalty measures depends on market conditions. Originality/value This research extends past research on brand growth to the very different economic, geographic and cultural conditions of three crucially important emerging markets. Its main value lies in recommendations on how much to invest in building the size of the customer base vs consumer retention.
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Pérez, Andrea, Carlos López-Gutiérrez und María del Mar García de los Salmones. „Do all CSR news affect market value equally?“ Social Responsibility Journal 16, Nr. 8 (09.08.2019): 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2019-0116.
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Purpose The purpose of this study explores the effects that media coverage of corporate social responsibility (CSR) news related to primary stakeholders (e.g. customers, employees and investors) and secondary stakeholders (e.g. community) have on the market value of companies, measured as the impact generated in the positive and negative abnormal returns for those companies. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 195 online papers published in the most important Spanish business newspaper during 2015, the authors implement an event study and a regression analysis that confirm the importance of CSR news for corporate financial goals. Findings The findings show that negative CSR news related to primary stakeholders such as investors and customers generate significant abnormal returns for companies that are notably larger than the abnormal returns generated by secondary stakeholders (e.g. community). Similarly, positive news related to primary stakeholders such as employees are the only positive news that affect market reactions significantly. Originality/value The study provides an empirical analysis that clarifies how media coverage of different types of CSR news affect the market value of companies. In doing so, the paper contributes to previous literature significantly because scant research exists that has compared the differential effects of CSR news focused on primary and secondary stakeholders. The findings are discussed under the premises of the managerial perspective of stakeholder theory.