Bücher: „Primary market analysis“

1

Maggioni, Paolo. The term structure of interest rates: An analysis of the primary market for Italian treasury bonds. Loughborough: Loughborough University, Department of Economics, 1997.

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2

High-impact day trading: Powerful techniques for exploiting short-term market trends. Chicago: Irwin Professional Pub., 1996.

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3

Choe, Steve. Sovereign Violence. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725507.

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South Korea is home to one of the most vibrant film industries in the world today, producing movies for a strong domestic market that are also drawing the attention of audiences worldwide. This book presents a comprehensive analysis of some of the most well-known and incendiary South Korean films of the millennial decade from nine major directors. Building his analysis on contemporary film theory and philosophy, as well as interviews and other primary sources, Steve Choe makes a case that these often violent films pose urgent ethical dilemmas central to life in the age of neoliberal globalization.

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4

Klimenko, Irina, Nikolay Kozlov, Sergey Kostenko, Anastasia Shamustakimova und Yulian Mavlyutov. Identification and certification of forage grasses (meadow clover, alfalfa, sowing and hop) based on DNA markers. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/978-5-6043194-9-9.

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A technology has been developed for DNA identification and certification of varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.), Sowing (M. sativa L.) and hop (M. lupuli-na L.) based on molecular analysis with using SSR and SRAP markers. The recommendations contain a description of the sequence of experiments and protocols for DNA typing procedures. The presented methods were developed by the authors on the basis of their own experimental research and using the data available in the literature. A characteristic of informative primers for each marking system is given, a set of DNA identification markers is proposed, and unique molecular genetic formulas of varieties are drawn up as the basis for a reference genetic passport. Methodological recommendations were prepared with the aim of mastering the technology of DNA certification of forage grasses in practice. Designed for managers and specialists of research and control laboratories, can serve as a textbook for students and postgraduates in specialized specialties.

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5

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Sherlock Holmes Mysteries. New York: Signet Classic, 1987.

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6

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Sherlock Holmes Mysteries: 22 Stories. New York: Signet Classics, 2005.

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7

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Sherlock Holmes Mysteries. New York, USA: Signet Classics, 2005.

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8

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Classic Illustrated Sherlock Holmes: Thirty Seven Short Stories Plus a Complete Novel. Stamford, CT, USA: Longmeadow Press, 1987.

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9

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The annotated Sherlock Holmes: The four novels and fifty-six short stories complete. New York: Wings Books, 1992.

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10

Klinger, Leslie S., Hrsg. Sherlock Holmes anotado: Relatos I. Spain: Akal, 2010.

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11

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Fu'ermosi tan an quan ji. Beijing: Chang zheng chu ban she, 2009.

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12

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Complete Sherlock Holmes. London: Magpie Books, 1993.

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13

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The annotated Sherlock Holmes: The four novels and the fifty-six short stories complete. New York: C.N. Potter, 1986.

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14

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Complete Sherlock Holmes. New York, USA: Gramercy Books, 2002.

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15

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The new annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.

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16

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The illustrated Sherlock Holmes: Complete works. Ware, Herts: The Leisure Circle, 1986.

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17

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Original Illustrated 'Strand' Sherlock Holmes. London: Wordsworth, 1993.

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18

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Sherlock Holmes: The complete novels and stories: Volume I. New York: Bantam Books, 2003.

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19

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Sherlock Holmes: The complete illustrated short stories. London: Chancellor Press, 2002.

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20

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Complete Sherlock Holmes. 4. Aufl. Garden City, N.Y., USA: Doubleday & Company, 1988.

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21

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The complete Sherlock Holmes. Herausgegeben von Freeman Kyle. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003.

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22

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The original illustrated Strand's Sherlock Holmes: The complete facsimile edition. Ware: Wordsworth Editions, 1989.

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23

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The complete Sherlock Holmes. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003.

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24

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Illustrated Sherlock Holmes. New York, USA: Clarkson N. Potter, 1985.

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25

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Sherlock Holmes: The complete illustrated short stories. London: Chancellor Press, 1986.

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26

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Original Illustrated 'Strand' Sherlock Holmes. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1996.

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27

Conan, Doyle Arthur. Great works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: The illustrated Sherlock Holmes treasury : unabridged with all the original illustrations by Sidney Paget plus additional illustrations by George Hutchinson and Frank H. Townsend. New York: Chatham River Press, 1986.

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28

Conan, Doyle Arthur. The Penguin complete Sherlock Holmes. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984.

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29

Forssell, Anders, und Lars Norén. Primary Healthcare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0004.

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In this chapter, we analyse how former healthcare monopolies run by counties were abolished so that all healthcare centres that meet basic medical requirements are allowed to compete for patients, who are free to choose their provider. We use theories from the field of marketing for analysing this reorganization and demonstrate that it can be seen as the creation of a new consumer market or a reorganization of the counties; it is equally accurate to describe the result as an organized market or a marketized organization. We argue that terms such as ‘quasi-markets’ and ‘quasi-organization’ are misleading, as they are based on the assumption that markets and organizations are pure and distinct opposites. Rather, we argue that almost all markets are more or less organized and that many organizations are more or less marketized.

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30

Cunningham, Scott, und Manisha Shah, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Prostitution. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199915248.001.0001.

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Prostitution is one of the least understood occupations but appears to have all the features of traditional markets: prices, supply and demand considerations, variety in the organizational structure, and policy relevance. These are keystones of economics analysis. Greater access to data has enabled economists to build better theories and gain a better understanding of the organization of sex market. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Prostitution is a comprehensive economic analysis of prostitution. It examines how prostitution markets are organized across space and time, the role of technology in shaping labor supply and demand, the intersection of prostitution with trafficking, and the optimal use of law enforcement. Among the issues addressed are the determination of sex worker prices, sexual assault and sex workers, bargaining, and STD transmission in sex work. What makes the material unique is its explicit focus on economics as the primary methodology for organizing our understanding of prostitution. It sheds light on underground markets, labor economics, risky behaviors, marriage, and gender.

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31

Brunsson, Nils, und Mats Jutterström. Multiplicity, Complexity, and Recurrent Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0017.

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The empirical studies presented in the book are used to describe four types of market organizers observed—sellers, buyers, profiteers, and ‘others’—and to describe the elements of organization used. In the cases analysed most of the organization elements were used many times, to the extent that the term market bureaucracy is appropriate. Often market organization was supported with information and artefacts. The processes of market organizing and reorganizing were complex and dynamic. They involved several organizers with different interests, including organizations primarily active in other markets, recurrently or even perpetually reorganizing the market. Market organization often led to unintended consequences and met resistance, ideals of how to organize often shifted, and market organizers were more or less able to learn from their experience of organizing. The organization of markets tends to lead to a fragile order. The present state of market organization must be understood as a (temporary) result of organizing processes rather than a stable state due to some inherent characteristics of a market.

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32

Bensel, Richard. Political Economy and American Political Development. Herausgegeben von Richard Valelly, Suzanne Mettler und Robert Lieberman. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697915.013.23.

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Scholars in the American political development community have constructed an understanding of political economy that differs significantly from the approaches of neo-classical and institutional economists. Those differences are examined with respect to (a) the causal primacy of states and markets; (b) the reliance on collectives or individuals as primary units of analysis; (c) the selection and comprehension of alternative strategies and goals; (d) the primary motivations of political and economic actors; and (e) the role of ideation and ideology in the formation of causal explanations and social values. Although the American political development conception of political economy might subsume and even go beyond the conventional neo-classical or institutional models, American political development research has resembled a tapestry in which some areas of the American experience are very well represented while other areas remain relatively unexplored.

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33

Rothblatt, Sheldon. To Bumble or not to Bumble: The Design and Reshaping of Universities in Britain and America Since 1960. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807025.003.0009.

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This chapter reviews the books Reshaping the University, The Rise of the Regulated Market in Higher Education (2014), by David Palfreyman and Ted Tapper; Reengineering the University: How to be Mission Centered, Market Smart and Market Conscious (2016), by William F. Massy; and Designing the New American University (2015), by Michael M. Crow and William B. Dabars. All three texts are concerned with similar issues, but Reshaping the University analyses them within the history of policymaking in Britain, mainly England, since about 1960. The other two books establish ideal-type universities known as ‘the traditional university’ and ‘generic public university’. All of the authors argue that the academic barons have ignored many of the market signals—or they have misread them. The result is that in elevating ‘abstract knowledge’ beyond problem-solving, and in placing individual and institutional reputation above public service, universities are neglecting their primary responsibilities.

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34

Faulconbridge, James. Knowledge and Learning in Professional Service Firms. Herausgegeben von Laura Empson, Daniel Muzio, Joseph Broschak und Bob Hinings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199682393.013.13.

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It is difficult to understand the form, management, markets, and ultimately the services produced by PSFs without analysis of the characteristics of knowledge and learning in such organizations. This chapter highlights how three fundamental lines of research about PSFs are intimately related to the key characteristics of knowledge and learning in such organizations: (a) organizational form, management, and governance, (b) the roles and effects of knowledge networking via databases versus knowing in practice through communities, and (c) the jurisdiction of a firm and claims about exclusive rights over a market. These areas of research are all contested domains in terms of optimum modes of organizing and trajectories of change due to the ambiguous and heterogeneous nature of knowledge. The chapter frames key future research questions which relate primarily to the constant dynamics that define both the nature of knowledge in PSFs, and their influence on questions of organization and management.

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35

Helleiner, Eric, Stefano Pagliari und Irene Spagna, Hrsg. Governing the World's Biggest Market. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864576.001.0001.

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In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, the regulation of the world’s enormous derivatives markets assumed center stage on the international public policy agenda. Critics argued that loose regulation had contributed to the momentous crisis as well as commodity price volatility, market abuse, and, more generally, the growing power and influence of private financial interests. This volume analyzes what has been done since 2008 to reform the regulation of derivatives markets. It examines how the G20 governments developed a coordinated international agenda to enhance public regulatory control over these markets that had been allowed to grow largely unchecked before the crisis. At the same time, the volume shows that it is important not to overstate the degree of change embodied in this post-2008 reform agenda. The G20 governments have focused primarily on enhancing the transparency and resilience of the markets, and they have endorsed some continued delegation of key governance functions to private actors and private rule-making. Moreover, the implementation of the G20 reform agenda has been characterized by unanticipated delays and inconsistencies as well as conflict and regulatory fragmentation between G20 members. The volume shows how these post-crisis regulatory trends—both the emergence of the G20 reform agenda and the difficulties associated with its implementation—have been influenced by a complex combination of transnational, inter-state, and domestic political dynamics.

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36

Assaad, Ragui, Samir Ghazouani und Caroline Krafft. The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0001.

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This chapter examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and residence. It also reviews unemployment in Tunisia over time and examines its demographic and educational patterns. The analysis is primarily based on data from the first wave of the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in 2014 (TLMPS 2014), but also uses data from the Tunisian National Survey of Population and Employment (ENPE) and other sources to examine the evolution of labor supply and unemployment over time. We identify important developments in the labor market relating to the youth bulge and the explosive growth of educational attainment in Tunisia in recent years.

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37

Vail, Mark I. Degrees of Freedom and Constraint. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683986.003.0003.

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This chapter analyzes how the French tradition of statist liberalism has shaped policy outcomes in fiscal policy, labor-market policy, and financial regulation since the early 1990s. After the demise of dirigisme, French authorities expanded the scope of market forces, privatizing and liberalizing the French political economy. They did so, however, in ways that rejected standard neoliberal prescriptions, using state power to foster economic growth and expanding social protection to support the turn to the market. At the same time, the policy and institutional limitations of the post-dirigiste era, coupled with constraints associated with the Maastricht Treaty and EMU, forced French authorities to seek new means to accomplish these traditional ends. In all three areas, policy outcomes reflected a macroeconomic policy orientation, the continued primacy of an interventionist state, and an emphasis on individual citizens as the principal components of the national economic community and constituents and beneficiaries of state action.

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38

Sovacool, Benjamin K. The History and Politics of Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0002.

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According to some definitions, an energy transition refers to the time that elapses between the introduction of a new primary energy source, or prime mover, and its rise to claiming a substantial share of the overall energy market. According to one academic view, energy transitions take an incredibly long time to occur. Another view argues the opposite. It suggests that there have been many transitions at varying scales that have occurred quite quickly—that is, between a few years and a decade or so, or within a single generation. This chapter holds that both sides are partly right, and partly wrong. After presenting evidence in support of either thesis, it elucidates four lessons for energy analysts and policymakers.

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39

Lee, Hye-Kyung. Self-referring in Korean, with reference to Korean first-person markers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.003.0004.

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Lee’s chapter provides a corpus-based analysis of Korean first-person markers by examining the semantic and pragmatic features emerging from their dictionary definitions and their usages in discourse. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the use of the grammatical category of a pronoun does not quite fit the Korean data, because the exceptionally large number of the lexical items are highly specialized in their use. While the first-person markers have the primary function of referring to the speaker, self-referring via first-person markers in Korean is mediated by the speaker’s awareness of his perceived social role or public image, which is expected to conform to honorification norms. The author also argues that the situation with first-person reference in Korean supports the view that the indexical/non-indexical distinction standardly adopted in semantic theory ought to be reconsidered.

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40

Peterson, Jeffrey M., und Nathan Hendricks. Economics of Water. Herausgegeben von Ken Conca und Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.22.

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Water resources provide services of economic value to different sectors through consumptive uses, non-consumptive uses, nonuse, and as a waste receptor. The diverse array of goods and services provided by water create a challenge for efficiently allocating the resource. Furthermore, water resources are often subject to market failures because they lack the conditions of excludability and rivalry. These market failures result in depleted water supplies and degraded water quality. This chapter discusses various policy approaches that have attempted to address these market failures, many of which have created additional economic inefficiencies. It also discusses some of the scale and jurisdiction issues in water management—such as local self-governing institutions and transboundary policy formation—from an economics perspective. It primarily analyzes policies affecting agricultural water use and the impacts of agriculture on water quality because agriculture is the largest user of water and is a major contributor to water quality problems.

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41

Sapolsky, Harvey M. Security Studies and Security Policy: An American Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.297.

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Security studies in the United States is marred by a lack of status. Opportunities within American universities are limited by the fact that the work deals with war and the use of force. Another reason for the isolation of security studies is its inherent interdisciplinary nature. It is nearly impossible to separate military technology from security policy, and there is the constant requirement in doing security analysis to understand weapons and their operational effects. However, the most serious limitation of security studies is its narrowness. Nearly all of its ranks are international relations specialists concerned primarily with relationships among and between nation-states. Absent from serious analysis are international environmental, economic, and health issues that may precede and produce political upheaval and that have their own academic specialists. The collapse of the Soviet Union raised questions about the opportunities and dangers of the United States' globally dominant position. The efforts to specify America’s new grand strategy produced a variety of expressions which fall into four main categories. The first is Primacy. Its advocates are primarily the neo-conservatives who relished America’s post-Cold War global dominance and sought to thwart any attempts to challenge this dominance. The second strategy is usually labeled Liberal Interventionism, which is also based on the dominance of American military might and urges US intervention abroad. The third strategy is the Selective Engagement. Under this strategy the United States should intervene only where vital interests are at stake. The fourth strategy focused on Restraint.

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42

George, Walker, Purves Robert und Blair Michael. Part I Regulatory Structure, 3 European Financial Services. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793809.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the evolution of the European Union' financial services law and its impact on the development of financial services law in the UK, as it stands at the end of 2016, six months after the EU referendum. It first describes the evolving role and functions of the EU institutions, namely: the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the European Court of Justice, and the European Parliament. It then considers the primary sources of EU law, including treaties, and the effects of the various changes in the Treaty of Rome. It also discusses the establishment of the single market in financial services and the moves to establish a banking union. Finally, it analyses the substantive financial services measures that have been adopted in the EU since the 1970s.

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43

Carrigan, Chris, und Cary Coglianese. George J. Stigler, “The Theory of Economic Regulation”. Herausgegeben von Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page und Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.41.

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This chapter discusses George Stigler’s “The Theory of Economic Regulation,” a stinging analysis of regulation from a political economy perspective. Published in 1971, Stigler’s paper challenged the idea that regulation is designed and operated primarily for the benefit of business, rather than solely to advance the overall public interest by correcting market failures. By offering a serious take on regulatory capture, “The Theory of Economic Regulation” changed the way economists analyze government regulation while exerting tremendous influence on a variety of disciplines such as public policy. Stigler’s chapter also sparked extensive research on business–government relations across a wide range of industries, from airlines and mining to banking and manufacturing.

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44

Suriano, Matthew. Death as Transition in Judahite Mortuary Practices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190844738.003.0002.

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Death is transitional in the Hebrew Bible, but the challenge is in understanding how this transition worked. The ritual analysis of Judahite bench tombs reveals a dynamic concept of death that involved the transition of the dead body. The body would enter the tomb during primary burial; there it would receive provisions as it rested on a burial bench. Eventually the remains of the dead would be secondarily interred inside the tomb’s repository. This final stage, the repository, is marked by the collective burial of bones. The transition of the dead, therefore, involves the body in different conditions, first as an individual corpse and then as a collection of bones. The process of burial and reburial inside the bench tomb offers new insight into the idea that postmortem existence in the Hebrew Bible is predicated on the fate of the body.

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45

Cutter, Asher D. A Primer of Molecular Population Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838944.001.0001.

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The study of molecular population genetics seeks to understand the micro-evolutionary principles underlying DNA sequence variation and change. It addresses such questions as: Why do individuals differ as much as they do in their DNA sequences? What are the genomic signatures of adaptations? How often does natural selection dictate changes to DNA and accumulate as differences between species? How does the ebb and flow in the abundance of individuals over time get marked onto chromosomes to record genetic history? The concepts used to answer such questions also apply to analysis of personal genomics, genome-wide association studies, phylogenetics, landscape and conservation genetics, forensics, molecular anthropology, and selection scans. This Primer of Molecular Population Genetics introduces the bare essentials of the theory and practice of evolutionary analysis through the lens of DNA sequence change in populations. Intended as an introductory text for upper-level undergraduates and junior graduate students, this Primer also provides an accessible entryway for scientists from other areas of biology to appreciate the ideas and practice of molecular population genetics. With the revolutionary advances in genomic data acquisition, understanding molecular population genetics is now a fundamental requirement for today’s life scientists.

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46

Out-of-Pocket Expenditure: The Need for a Gender Analysis. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123546.

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The main purpose of this publication is to advocate for the need to understand the gendered nature of vulnerabilities to poor health. Gender equality in health is an integral dimension of sustainable development, and it is critical to apply a “gender lens” to all aspects of the health system, including financing mechanisms in health. The impact of health-related out-of-pocket expenditure (OPE) on household poverty has been a significant factor driving the move toward universal health coverage across much of Latin America and beyond. However, not only do health care users still face a broad range of health-related OPEs that can contribute to the impoverishment of households, but the gender dimensions of OPEs have received very little attention. Drawing primarily on data from Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Peru, this report offers an in-depth analysis of the gender dimensions of health-related OPEs in Latin America. It highlights the limitations of survey data in determining levels of household spending on health as well as the potential failure of indicators to capture the impacts of coping strategies that households adopt to pay for OPEs. This publication calls for the application of an intersectional analysis to ensure a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which other social identity markers, such as race and ethnicity, alongside gender shape the ability of individuals and households to respond to the different OPEs they may encounter. Until policymakers consider the issue through a gender lens, OPE will continue to limit the potential of universal health care coverage to effectively address health inequalities.

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47

Timothy, Spangler. 17 Towards a Unified Theory for Private Investment Funds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198807247.003.0017.

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This chapter considers future legal and regulatory responses to private investment funds in the context of a country’s current political dynamics. It begins with a discussion of the regulatory policy issues surrounding private investment funds before and after the global financial crisis, criticisms against private equity funds and hedge funds, and lessons from the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive. It then examines indirect regulation of private investment funds as a way forward, along with financial innovation and regulatory arbitrage. In particular, it explains how the global financial crisis has exposed the complexity of modern financial markets, noting that one of the primary drivers of this complexity has been financial innovation. The chapter concludes by analysing investor-centric approaches to addressing the governance challenge present in private investment funds.

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48

Sustainable Public Buildings Designed and Constructed in Wood. RTU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/9789934225758.

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The handbook presents significant theoretical and practical solutions in design, construction and management of sustainable wooden public buildings, based on experiences in five countries – Lithuania, Denmark, UK, Finland and Latvia, as well as in the international context. Understanding of sustainable development and the importance of wooden construction discussed, properties of wood as a construction material analysed, design solutions, including moisture, fire safety and acoustical considerations provided, wooden construction project and process management addressed, use and maintenance, including planning and inspections described, most common reasons of failures identified. The handbook is primary intended for undergraduate students who study design and construction of sustainable buildings. The presented materials are relevant not only in the academic context, but may be significant to all stakeholders in construction and real estate markets who are committed to sustainable construction in wood.

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49

Madsen, Erik Strøjer, Jens Gammelgaard und Bersant Hobdari, Hrsg. New Developments in the Brewing Industry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854609.001.0001.

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Institutions and ownership play a central role in the transformation and development of the beer market and the brewing industry. Institutions set the external environment of the brewery through both formal requirements and informal acceptance of these companies’ operations by the public, whereas the owners and their managers adapt to these external challenges but also follow their own agenda in setting up strategies for innovation, marketing, takeovers, etc. The 13 chapters in this book cover changes in a range of institutions, such as excise tax, zoning regulation, trade liberalization, consumers’ habits and tastes for beer and sales regulation of alcohol. The responses from the breweries has included a craft beer revolution with a surge in demand for special flowered hops, a globalization strategy from the macrobreweries, outsourcing by contract brewing and knowledge exchange for small-sized breweries, etc. The book consists of two parts. The first includes chapters primarily focusing on institutions, whereas the chapters in the second part take mainly an ownership perspective. The book’s contribution lies primarily in an analysis of the link between institutions and governance, pointing to how the most successful breweries have adapted to the external changes in institutions in the brewery sector.

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Calvo, Christopher W. The Emergence of Capitalism in Early America. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066332.001.0001.

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The first comprehensive examination of early American economic thought in over a generation, The Emergence of Capitalism in Early America challenges the traditional narrative that Americans were born committed to the principles of Adam Smith. Americans are shown to have developed a distinct brand of hybrid capitalism, suited to the nation’s unique political, intellectual, cultural, and economic histories. Given America’s primary position in the history of capitalism, its economists were well situated to comment on market phenomenon. Covering a broad range of the period’s economic literature and offering close analyses of the antebellum reception of Smith’s Wealth of Nations, this book rescues America’s first economists from historical neglect. In thematically organized chapters, the intellectual cultures of American protectionism and free trade are examined. Protectionism exercised enormous influence in the discourse, constituting what rightly has been called an ‘American political economy.’ Henry Carey is highlighted as the central thinker in protectionist thought, providing an economic blueprint for the nation’s future industrial and commercial supremacy. Sharp regional divisions existed among the nation’s strongest proponents of free-trade ideology, namely Calhoun, Wayland, McVickar, Vethake, Cardozo, and Cooper, as well as important theoretical distinctions with Smithian-inspired laissez-faire. In a separate chapter, American conservative economists—among others, Fitzhugh and Holmes—are positioned alongside antebellum socialists—Skidmore and Byllesby—illustrating the rather awkward ideological arrangements attendant to emergent capitalism. Finally, the tricky relationship Americans have held with financial institutions is explored. Beginning with Hamilton, this book analyzes the financial literature as Americans learned to live with arguably the most complex and misunderstood manifestation of capitalism—finance.

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