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Dalgard, Odd Steffen, Tom Sørensen, Inger Sandanger und John Ivar Brevik. „Psychiatric Interventions for Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Psychosocial Perspective“. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 12, Nr. 4 (1996): 604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300010916.
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AbstractTechnology for psychiatric prevention is poorly developed, and knowledge about the causes of mental Illness is difficult to apply to practical preventive work. As it would take many years before the effects of primary preventive efforts would be visible, secondary and tertiary prevention are essential to reducing the prevalence of mental illness. Recent studies on reducing the negative health consequences of acute stress seem to justify some optimism that psychosocially-oriented prevention is possible. Experience with the preventive benefits of social support at times of crisis suggests that active social support can prevent social disintegration at the community level and mental health problems for individuals.
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McGorry, Patrick D. „The Nature of Schizophrenia: Signposts to Prevention“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, Nr. 1_suppl (Februar 2000): A14—A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486740003401s03.
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Objective To describe the characteristics of schizophrenia relevant to conducting indicated preventive interventions. Method A systematic review of the literature informed by experiences at the Personal Assistance and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) clinic. Results Primary prevention requires a sophisticated knowledge of key causal risk factors relevant to the expression of a disorder. The causal risk factors most useful from an intervention standpoint may turn out to be somewhat removed from the neurobiology of the disorder and may even be relatively non-specific, so that tackling them could reduce the risks for a range of mental disorders. The frontier for more specific prevention in schizophrenia and related psychosis is currently represented by indicated preventive interventions for subthreshold symptoms. Again, these may be relatively broad spectrum early in the prepsychotic phase but more proximal to onset, greater treatment specificity can be explored. However, this can be viewed more as preventively orientated treatment rather than primary prevention per se. Early detection of first episode psychosis and optimal intensive treatment of first episodes and the critical early years after diagnosis also represent increasingly attractive preventive foci in psychotic disorders. Conclusion As evidence accumulates, implementation of evidence-based practice in real work settings is a major challenge as it is throughout the mental health service system. The momentum of preventively orientated treatment must be maintained through the 2nd National Mental Health Strategy and in the face of recent misleading polemic regarding the treatability of psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia. The evidence demonstrates that schizophrenia and related disorders have never been more treatable.
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Wojtanowicz, Katarzyna, und Adam Białas. „Social assistance in the face of the crisis produced by the pandemic“. Praca Socjalna 35, Nr. 2 (30.04.2020): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1488.
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Today’s complex social situation, pandemic and isolation place demands on the social assistance system. Society is experiencing a number of difficulties and identifies the needs that social workers have to face. Support for overcoming this crisis requires a new approach. Strengthen methods and tools for preventive and interventional work. The article shows the context of social intervention work and the organisational requirements for the social assistance system. It also draws attention to the problems experienced and the needs identified by clients benefiting from the support of the crisis intervention centre.
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Platonova, Yana V., Andrey V. Paramonov, Yurii Y. Korablev und Marina V. Krasnoslobodtseva. „Theoretical and practical aspects of preventive work in the fight against drug addiction“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, Nr. 189 (2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-189-131-141.
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The aim of the work is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the emergence of drug addiction, types of preventive work in the fight against drug addiction, the peculiarities of its spread among adolescents. An assessment of the development of the drug situation in the Tambov Region for 2019 is given. According to the totality of criteria, the situation in the region is tense. The most difficult state is noted according to the following criteria: the proportion of drug-related crimes in the total number of registered criminal acts (“pre-crisis”); involvement of drug users in drug trafficking (“heavy”); criminality of drug addiction (“satisfactory”); the proportion of persons convicted of drug-related crimes in the total number of convicted persons (“heavy”); the proportion of young people in the total number of persons convicted of drug offenses (“tense”). The drug market of the Tambov Region is represented by synthetic drugs and their analogues, drugs of the cannabis group (marijuana, hashish), heroin. The main methods of the preventive fight against drug addiction in the Tambov Region are listed. Presumptive trends in drug trafficking associated with the use of “non-contact” methods of selling drugs, further merging of drug-related crime with cybercrime, involvement of non-drug users in drug trafficking, as well as an increase in the number of drug addicts among minors are indicated.
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Nguyen, Tran Hung, und Xuan Cu Le. „How social media fosters the elders' COVID-19 preventive behaviors: perspectives of information value and perceived threat“. Library Hi Tech 39, Nr. 3 (05.04.2021): 776–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-09-2020-0241.
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PurposeAlthough crisis communication via social media has engaged academia's attention during the disease outbreak, information value for preventive behaviors is inadequately studied. The purpose of this paper is to cast light on how to strengthen the uptake of older people's coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) behavioral outcomes due to information value and perceived threat through social media.Design/methodology/approachThis study designs a survey and applies structural equation modeling to examine a research framework. A sample comprises 334 Vietnamese older participants who have utilized social media.FindingsThe results illustrate that preventive behaviors are determined by perceived threat (i.e. severity and susceptibility). Furthermore, older people heighten risk perceptions based on information characteristics, including information relevance, informative support and source credibility. Lastly, information relevance is a strong predictor of source credibility.Practical implicationsThe findings assist practitioners to enhance crisis communication effectiveness via social media by imparting valuable information to the public. Moreover, this paper offers overarching guidelines on the improvement in credibility with creators, risk consciousness and preventive behaviors.Originality/valueAlthough earlier studies focused attentiveness on the power of social media for raising threat perceptions, this work seems the first to unveil informative motives for perceived COVID-19 threat across older individuals, which subsequently presents plausible reasons for behavioral disclosure, including facemask-wearing, hand-washing and social distancing.
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Pinchuk, Vitaliy, und Oleg Shevchenko. „Implementation of preventive mechanisms to prevent corruption in state authorities of Ukraine“. Laplage em Revista 7, Extra-E (27.07.2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-e1162p.65-74.
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The aim of the article is to identify new trends, patterns of corruption in the system of government and develop approaches to improving mechanisms to prevent and combat corruption in Ukraine. In the context of reforming modern Ukrainian society, the study of the development of mechanisms to prevent corruption is very relevant. In addition, given the deepening socio-political and financial-economic crisis in Ukraine, corruption is a serious threat to national security. According to international experience, a mechanism should be clearly established for the selection of specialists to work in the public administration sector. An effective set of tools to combat corruption in the state are, first of all, prohibitions and restrictions. The focus on overcoming the factors of corruption that are inherent in the sphere of state structures is the improvement of mechanisms. One of the effective mechanisms for preventing corruption is preventive measures in public bodies with a number of restrictions and prohibitions.
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Germain, Marie-Line. „Work-related suicide“. Employee Relations 36, Nr. 2 (20.12.2013): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2013-0009.
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Purpose – For the past 50 years, the research literature has shown that employment can contribute to an individual's personal development. Yet, it has also shown that it can become a life-threatening stressor. Reported occupational suicides increased by 22.2 percent between 1995 and 2010, becoming a leading cause of death in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of six US government reports on employee suicides between 1995 and 2012. Design/methodology/approach – Through an interpretive case study approach (Yin, 2003), this study undertook a document analysis of key US government reports examining occupational suicides. Specifically, an analysis of three US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports was undertaken along with other documents, identifying key themes and facts. Findings – The analysis of the US government reports reveals a dim legal recognition of employee suicide as an occupational accident. The paper presents the characteristics of suicides as an occupational accident as well as the profile of a typical US occupational suicide victim. Finally, the paper discusses the main causes of employee suicide. Practical implications – Organizations have a “duty of care” to their employees, both physical and psychological. Human resource (HR) professionals ought to create preventive policies to minimize work-related suicides and have clear crisis management systems in place, should an employee commit suicide or threaten to do so. Originality/value – Occupational distress is not typically apparent or obvious and is not the subject of many studies in the field of HRs. Yet, because of its rampant increase in today's organizations, its direct connection with employee suicide and its impact on organizational revenues, psychological distress in the workplace merits closer attention. This paper is unique as it provides insights for HR professionals based on the analysis of US government reports on work-related suicides.
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Kostin, A. V., und S. A. Kostina. „INFORMATION AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTION OF HYPERTENSION“. "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 19, Nr. 1 (28.02.2013): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2013-19-1-76-83.
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Objective. To determine the criteria for the application of preventive measures for individual computer program «Medical and psychological prevention of complications, and the normalization of physiological parameters in a hypertensive patient».Design and methods. With the financial support of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State contract № 6464r/9021 of 28.12.2008, we have developed and registered in the Federal Institute of Industrial Property preventive medical computer program «Medical and psychological prevention of complications, and the normalization of physiological parameters in a hypertensive patient» № 2011618469, state registration number 01200951860. We examined 180 patients (120 hypertensives and 60 controls) aged 20–70 years (mean age 35,5 ± 7,2 years), patients of the main group had a primary diagnosis of hypertension (I, II, III degree). We performed clinical neurological, standard laboratory and instrumental diagnostic examinations and psychodiagnostic testing, as well as the pulse measurements by cardiointervalography followed by mathematical analysis of the data by a special program.Results. Analysis of reactions in the interim period of adaptation (14–21 day) has shown its important role to predict the outcome of preventive measures. According to our data 88,2 % patients with hypertension III degree and 94,4 % patients with hypertension II degree demonstrated normalization of the blood pressure and improvement in general state, and the approach was beneficial in 100 % patients with hypertension I degree. Mean recovery time after hypertensive crisis was 15,0 ± 5,0 minutes in patients with hypertension I degree, 30,0 ± 10,0 minutes in patients with hypertension II degree (p < 0,001), and 45,1 ± 27,4 minutes in patients with III degree (p < 0,05). Patients, who used personal computer software, demonstrated the reduction of irritability, fatigue, improved sleep, memory, increased work effiiency, disappearance of sleepiness, and there was an increase in self-confidence.Conclusions. Thus, our results show that the use of individual computer program «B/P rate» leads to the reduction of the frequency and duration of hypertensive crises, as well as to the improvement of cognitive function and psychosocial parameters.
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Dordiai, V. I. „GENERAL-SOCIAL PREVENTION OF ALLEGED MISCELLANEOUS MESSAGES ON THREATS TO CITIZENS’ SAFETY, DESTRUCTION, OR DAMAGE TO OBJECTS“. Actual problems of native jurisprudence, Nr. 06 (02.03.2020): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/3919112.
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The article looks at the main groups of measures to prevent deliberately false messages about threats to citizens’ security, destruction or damage to property at the social level. Social prevention includes a system of economic, political, legal, cultural and educational measures aimed at overcoming crisis processes in society, in particular, such as unemployment, social inequality, political tension, legal nihilism, moral decline and the spiritual crisis. The implementation of such measures also influences the factors that cause crime, which can reduce the level of the latter. It is emphasized that general social prevention has an important criminological aspect, because it is the foundation, the basis of special criminological prevention. Socio-economic measures to prevent deliberately misrepresenting threats to the safety of citizens, destroying or damaging property are analyzed. It is emphasized that these measures occupy one of the central places in the system of preventive activity of the general social level. It is stated that, according to the constitutional approach, socially oriented policy is a part of internal state policy. It is summarized that practically all socio-economic transformations of our society at the present stage belong to all-social crime prevention measures. The general social level of crime prevention is largely determined by the state of the state’s economy, political situation, and the level of material state of the population. Among the socio-political measures are highlighted overcoming the political crisis, resolving the military conflict, overcoming corruption in public authorities. The most important cultural and educational activities are the organization of leisure, educational work, promotion of healthy lifestyles and sports. As a conclusion, it is stated that socially oriented and economically justified state policy by itself contains a set of general social measures for prevention of crimes, including – deliberately false reports about threat to the safety of citizens, destruction or damage to property objects.
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Sadak, Tatiana, Susan Foster Zdon, Emily Ishado, Oleg Zaslavsky und Soo Borson. „Potentially preventable hospitalizations in dementia: family caregiver experiences“. International Psychogeriatrics 29, Nr. 7 (28.03.2017): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000217.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Health crises in persons living with dementia challenge their caregivers to make pivotal decisions, often under pressure, and to act in new ways on behalf of their care recipient. Disruption of everyday routines and heightened stress are familiar consequences of these events. Hospitalization for acute illness or injury is a familiar health crisis in dementia. The focus of this study is to describe the lived experience of dementia family caregivers whose care recipients had a recent unplanned admission, and to identify potential opportunities for developing preventive interventions.Methods:Family caregivers (n = 20) of people with dementia who experienced a recent hospitalization due to an ambulatory care sensitive condition or fall-related injury completed phone interviews. Interviews used semi-structured protocols to elicit caregivers’ reactions to the hospitalization and recollections of the events leading up to it.Results:Analysis of interview data identified four major themes: (1) caregiver is uncertain how to interpret and act on the change; (2) caregiver is unable to provide necessary care; (3) caregiver experiences a personal crisis in response to the patient's health event; (4) mitigating factors may prevent caregiver crises.Conclusions:This study identifies a need for clinicians and family caregivers to work together to avoid health crises of both caregivers and people with dementia and to enable caregivers to manage the health of their care recipients without sacrificing their own health and wellness.
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Mechlia, Malek, Jérémie Schutz, Sofiene Dellagi und Anis Chelbi. „Quasi-Optimal Sizing of a Vehicle Fleet Considering Environmental Impact, Maintenance, and Eventual Containment Measures“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 8 (14.04.2021): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084384.
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In this paper, N types of vehicles having different environmental impacts and different failure rates are considered to perform a set of missions during a predefined period. The sizing problem of the fleet of vehicles is typically based on the literature for the environmental impact of each type of vehicle. This work intends to develop a model that allows considering not only the extent of recourse to non-polluting vehicles but also the preventive maintenance (PM) policy to be adopted for each of the N types of vehicles. More specifically, the objective of this work consists in determining simultaneously the quasi-optimal number of vehicles of each type to be used, the duration of their use, and their average usage rate as well as the period according to which each type of vehicle should be submitted to preventive maintenance. A mathematical model is developed to express and optimize the expected total cost, which includes the costs related to acquisition, operating, maintenance, and environmental impact in addition to considering the resale value. Then, the situation of using the acquired vehicle fleet in a context of a health crisis with containment measures is considered. The latter make it impossible to perform preventive maintenance actions during the containment period. For such situations, given the accumulated degradation in absence of preventive maintenance, the cost model is modified to generate a new preventive maintenance plan to be applied for each vehicle after the containment exit. Numerical results related to fuel and electric vehicles of two brands (Renault and Nissan) are presented and discussed.
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Hamilton, Rebecca. „Atrocity Prevention in the New Media Landscape“. AJIL Unbound 113 (2019): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2019.45.
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Journalists have traditionally played a crucial role in building public pressure on government officials to uphold their legal obligations under the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. But over the past twenty years there has been radical change in the media landscape: foreign bureaus have been shuttered, young freelance journalists have taken over some of the work traditionally done by experienced foreign correspondents, and, more recently, the advent of social media has enabled people in conflict-affected areas to tell their own stories to the world. This essay assesses the impact of these changes on atrocity prevention across the different stages of the policy process. It concludes that the new media landscape is comparatively poorly equipped to raise an early warning alarm in a way that will spur preventive action, but that it is well-positioned to sustain attention to ongoing atrocities. Unfortunately, such later stages of a crisis generally provide the most limited policy options for civilian protection.
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Martino, Edoardo D., und Katarzyna M. Parchimowicz. „Go Preventive or Go Home – The Double Nature of MREL“. European Company and Financial Law Review 18, Nr. 4 (01.08.2021): 608–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2021-0023.
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Abstract Bank Resolution is considered a cornerstone of the post-crisis financial regulation; however, it is also widely considered ineffective and inefficient in handling bank failures. This article analyses the preventive potential of the resolution framework, specifically focusing on the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL). We argue that MREL has a double nature. On the one hand, it should ensure the feasibility of resolution in case of a bank failure. On the other hand, it aims at restricting the funding model of banks, similarly to the other (preventive) capital requirements. By analysing the 2019 reform of the EU banking regulation, we contend that MREL represents an important complement to the rest of the preventive regulatory framework and that the latest reform unleashes such potential. We demonstrate that the new rules on MREL determination and enforcement allow the resolution authority to look after the build-up of systemic risk. The analysis reveals that MREL can serve both micro- and macro-prudential purposes. Finally, we argue that the current institutional architecture represents the main impeding factor for the new regulation to efficiently work, curbing the positive preventive potential of MREL.
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MERZLIKINA, G. S., und I. V. PSHENICHNIKOV. „Forming of an innovative design of industry clusters as basis of preventive crisis regional management“. Strategic decisions and risk management, Nr. 1-2 (29.06.2017): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2017-1-2-42-49.
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Significant institutional weaknesses of the formation of the management structure of an industry cluster are revealed, the possibility of engineering new structures of governance based on the principles of innovative management is identified. Feature of industrial clusters is the need and necessity of innovation that permeates all structures of the cluster management and all the processes of cluster management and, in turn, creates the preconditions for the formation of business entities the ability to successfully overcome a crisis situation. The purpose of the work is to develop the improved construction of innovational sectorial clustering with the use of effective centralized system of management of cluster business processes, based on diffusion of innovational technologies and their production embodiment. A typical structure of sectorial cluster management does not allow determining goals, tasks, tools, and mechanisms of innovational development of sectorial cluster’s enterprises. Drawbacks of the typical structure of sectorial cluster management are as follows: lack of representation of the scheme of cooperation between cluster members and external environment, format of development of interrelations between cluster’s elements in the sphere of information exchange, movement of material flows and financial resources, lack of formed areas of responsibility and matrices of competences of cluster members in various scenarios of development of external environment.The “structural imbalance” in the system of management of sectorial cluster is determined, which consists in elaboration of production and functional structure and “fuzziness” of responsibility for cluster activities efficiency. The use of the improved innovational construction of sectorial cluster management will eliminate structural imbalance in the process of management of sectorial clusters and increase effectiveness of their activities under the conditions of turbulent development of external environment.
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Kaufhold, Marc-André, Thea Riebe, Christian Reuter, Julian Hester, Danny Jeske, Lisa Knüver und Viktoria Richert. „Business Continuity Management in Micro Enterprises: Perception, Strategies, and Use of ICT“. International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2018010101.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent 99% of enterprises in Germany and more than 95% in the European Union. Given the recent increase of natural disasters and man-made crises and emergencies, it seems an important economic goal to ascertain that SMEs are capable of maintaining their work, revenue and profit at an acceptable level. According to ISO 22301, business continuity management (BCM) is a holistic management process which identifies potential threats and their impact to an organization and serves as a framework to increase organizational resilience and response capabilities. Prior research identified that BCM is under-represented in SMEs and that their security level is partially in an uneconomical range. This article presents the analysis of interviews with 19 independent micro enterprises highlighting findings on their low crisis awareness, varying technical dependency, existing action strategies and communication strategies and proposing a categorization of micro enterprises as preventive technicians, data-intensive chains or pragmatic jumpers.
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Martínez-López, José Ángel, Cristina Lázaro-Pérez und José Gómez-Galán. „Burnout among Direct-Care Workers in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Preventive and Educational Focus for Sustainable Workplaces“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 5 (04.03.2021): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052782.
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Due to their continuous contact with pain and death, healthcare workers have one of the most stressful professions. Pain and death are more common in nursing homes. During the health crisis associated with COVID-19, these work centers have been characterized as spaces of high vulnerability to infection for the elderly, with a high mortality rate. This research aims to determine how the health crisis associated with COVID-19 has influenced healthcare professionals working in nursing homes for the elderly. Using a quantitative and cross-sectional method, the research was developed in residential centers in the Region of Murcia (Spain) during the second wave of the pandemic. A survey design based mainly on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was employed. MBI measures three subscales: emotional burnout, depersonalization, and self-fulfillment. The results show that 6.4% of the respondents were burned out, 53.8% of the participants were emotionally exhausted, 35.1% were found to suffer from depersonalization, and in the case of personal development, the respondents showed a low level of 15.6%. This study shows the need to consider the establishment, in the academic environment, of training programs for health professionals related to coping with, managing, and identifying stress, especially in adverse circumstances. Similarly, in the professional field, it is necessary to develop strategies to prevent stress and anxiety in the workplace. The development of training programs for this purpose is essential for achieving a sustainable work context.
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Rucha Selkar und Dhirajsingh Rajput. „Immunomodulator dietary foods as a promising preventive tool against infectious diseases such as COVID-19“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (09.12.2020): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3673.
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The pandemic crisis of COVID-19 has brought significant attention towards increasing natural defense mechanism i.e. immunity in order to fight emerging new species of micro-organism. Natural ways to improve immunity include two major components, regular exercise and nutrient diet. The former is physical process and also demand the later and hence healthy nutritional diet can be claimed as basis for improving natural immunity. There are numerous plants and vegetables which can be used in diet however, few vegetables are most common around the globe. These immunomodulator dietary vegetables used as foods can be a promising preventive tool against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Present work was undertaken in view of a review to present the commonly utilizable 17 vegetables and their nutritional information. The study was done based on gist of selected previous works and established nutritional facts related to selected dietary vegetables, their nutrition profile and its relation with immunity. The 17 vegetables are rich source of Calories, Carbohydrate, Protein, Vitamins such as A, D, B12, C, and B6; micronutrients such as Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, and Magnesium. All these vegetables have very less fat and no Cholesterol, which insures their health stimulating effect. Based on availability, use of these vegetables in alternate way can help to ensure supplementation of essential nutrients to boost natural immunity.
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Udalov, A. N. „Prevention of Aggressive Behavior of Adolescents through Psychological Training“. Вестник практической психологии образования 16, Nr. 3 (2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2019160303.
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The article considers the concept of a psychological crisis in the life of adolescents as a process of personality development, on the one hand. And on the other hand, as a factor creating psychophysical tension, which, not finding a way out, results in increased personal anxiety. Accumulating and not finding a solution, anxiety is realized in communication to the external environment through aggressive behavior. In order to get out of this situation, to prevent aggressiveness, to minimize internal stress and lower the level of anxiety of adolescents, the key areas of preventive work were identified. Based on them, a comprehensive psychological training program was developed using body-oriented techniques and cognitive-behavioral techniques. The program was tested and showed a positive result, lowering the level of aggressiveness from high to low through training sessions.
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Pereira, Izadora De Sousa, Amanda Plácido da Silva Macêdo, Ivna Celli Assunção de Sá, Larissa Melo Moreira und Modesto Leite Rolim Neto. „Physicians are at a higher risk than the General Population for Suicide?“ Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal 4, Nr. 7 (27.10.2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/aimj.v4i7.89.
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Suicide is a huge public health problem, which needs more attention. One doctor commits suicide in the U.S. every day -- the highest suicide rate of any profession. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, physicians are at a higher risk than the general population for suicide. Methods: A Brief Communication that focus on the starkest sign of the crisis gripping medicine: the number of physicians who commit suicide every year. Include: discovery or development of new information’s, novelty in modeling scientific, elucidation of mechanisms editorials and channels of information. Results: The medical profession has proven to have one of the highest risks of death by suicide among professions. About 15-30% of students and residents screen positive for depression. Studies also show that 1 in 16 trainees report suicidal ideation. The researchers also suggest that psychiatry help is still a taboo among doctors. Limitations: As Short Communications are expected to have higher than average impact on the field rather than report on incremental research, they will receive prioritized and rapid publication. Conclusion: Strategies to reduce preventable deaths should include preventive and treatment service. We should all strive to help usher in a new era of medical culture that promotes sustainable medical careers. Excessive pressures and expectations at work, may entail to a loss of meaning of work and of self for physicians. Key-words: Suicide; Doctors; Medicine; Mental Health
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Mishchenko, Volodimir, Sergii Mekhovych und Irina Gorobets. „PROVIDING OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ENTERPRISES OF PASTRY INDUSTRY“. Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., Nr. 3-4(157-158) (11.09.2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2021.03.07.
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The article identifies the main trends characteristic of the modern confectionery market of Ukraine. The reasons for the slowdown in production growth, the gradual increase in prices for all types of confectionery, changes in the structure of demand for products are considered. Exports of confectionery products require Ukrainian producers to expand their own range, as well as to bring the quality of products to European standards. The recent trend characterizes the increase in demand in the domestic market for complex (combined) confectionery, so the main prerequisite for the development of the industry is to improve production, which requires significant capital investment. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the main indicators of the sample of confectionery enterprises in order to assess the stability of their financial condition. For providing of steady development of industry the Government program, is needed built on balanced to demand with application of state-private partnership. In the conditions of COVID epidemic with the aim of prevention of possible bankruptcy it is expedient to inculcate the cost-oriented management and preventive anti-crisis dynamic management. For their introduction it is necessary to work out branch purposeful events on in-plant training of workers of pastry industry.
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Nasrollah Nejhad Tasouj, Shirin, Zahra Ghalichi, Reyhaneh Ivanbagha, Mostafa Kamali, Mahsa Hami, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan und Seyed Habibollah Kavari. „The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Crisis-related Factors in Rehabilitation Personnel Regarding the Prevention Approach“. Health in Emergencies & Disasters Quarterly 6, Nr. 2 (01.01.2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hdq.6.2.189.12.
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Background: Job satisfaction is one of the most critical and influential parameters to increase the productivity and efficiency of any organization. Crisis management during disasters is one of the most influential factors, and because disasters put pressure on health care systems, all medical staff, including those working in Rehabilitation, must have the necessary experience and skills to manage in an emergency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and crisis-related factors in the staff of non-governmental rehabilitation centers under the supervision of the Tehran Welfare Organization with a preventive approach. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational study, in which 1403 people from 28 rehabilitation centers in Tehran Province in 2018 were surveyed and selected by the census. We used the data recorded in the demographic section of the standard Employee Satisfaction Survey. This questionnaire consists of 39 items and 5 subscales to measure job status (10 questions), supervisor (8 questions), coworkers (10 questions), promotion (5 questions), and payment (6 questions). It included components of job activity, management, group activities, incentive system, and payment system. The study demographic characteristics were age, gender, level of education, work experience, and the number of working hours. Besides, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the relationship between general safety status and firefighting as a criterion for crisis management and job satisfaction. In different cases, different tests were used. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Results: In this study, 657 (46.8%) men and 746 (53.2%) women participated. Findings showed that the average job satisfaction of employees was 3.12, which was at a moderate to high level (maximum score in each department was 5). There was no significant relationship between demographic information (such as age, work experience, level of education, and the number of working hours) and job satisfaction. However, there was a significant relationship between gender and job satisfaction, so that men had higher job satisfaction than women. Also, there was a significant relationship between public safety and firefighting and job satisfaction, so that an increase in the score of general safety and firefighting as an indicator of crisis management led to a significant increase in job satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the results of the researcher-made and validated questionnaires, the level of job satisfaction of employees in the studied centers is in a relatively good condition. Although the level of job satisfaction of the studied employees was moderately high, it needs to be improved. Job satisfaction in crisis management in emergencies can be very effective and improve the performance of the organization. Thus, it is recommended to implement programs for job satisfaction and crisis management in the centers.
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McIntosh, I. B., M. Young und T. Stewart. „General Practice Geriatric Surveillance Scheme“. Scottish Medical Journal 33, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1988): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308803300507.
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This project converted an on-demand, crisis intervention service into a doctor-initiated, anticipatory, preventive programme to improve management, based on home visiting and ‘activities of daily living’ screening by state enrolled nurse, with serial medical assessment and regular surveillance by the general practitioner. Opportunistic and domiciliary organised, standardised, serial, numerically scored, medical, social and functional assessment of list patients over 75 years, allowed comparison over time and identification of high need/risk patients — Focus for anticipatory service and aids provision. 24% healthy, 41% moderately impaired and 35% high risk patients were contacted or visited annually, six-monthly and quarterly respectively. Patient-initated calls decreased by 41% but additional surveillance input increased work load by 9% per annum. Improved standards of care helped patients live longer at home however. The nurse proved effective and economical in this role.
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Mertzanis, Charilaos, Vangelis Balntas und Thodoris Pantazopoulos. „Internal auditor perceptions of corporate governance in Greece after the crisis“. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 17, Nr. 2 (29.11.2019): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-07-2018-0045.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the views of internal auditors in Greece on the relation between the internal audit function (IAF) and corporate governance (CG) after several years of European market integration and in the aftermath of the sovereign debt crisis. Design/methodology/approach Data are collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 internal auditors working in firms with different size and in different sectors of activity. Interviewees have diverse experience and hold various positions in the firm. Findings Respondents perceive a strong relation between the IAF and CG. They view the IAF as a preventive tool that provides monitoring and advisory services to firms. They stress the inadequate monitoring role of the board in the IAF, and they support a proactive intervention in the strategic audit planning process. They see a small role for shareholders in CG. They stress the need to focus more on the efficiency and effectiveness considerations in carrying out the IAF. They perceive CG-related information as important for meeting formal compliance needs rather than contributing to decision-making or audit process planning. They believe that audit committees (AC) are weak in implementing effective monitoring, due to inadequate knowledge and expertise of their members. They would like to see a two-way interaction between auditors, AC and management. They would like to enjoy more independence through the implementation of international standards of auditing and statutory regulation. Research limitations/implications The sample covers 15 auditors from an equivalent number of firms and few sectors of activity. Accessing potential interviewees was difficult due to the perceived conflict between their work requirements and public statement of their views. Practical implications The proposed method adds to the qualitative analysis literature with regard to measuring and evaluating the personal views of auditors on CG. The study provides empirical evidence of the need to use extensive qualitative research to assess the auditors’ views on the role of CG for their work. Originality/value The role of internal audit in CG effectiveness is a key policy concern, especially in countries with diverse market environments. Greece is such an environment for it has undergone a major institutional change within a short period and suffered greatly from its sovereign debt crisis. Further, few studies have sought and evaluated the views of internal auditors by using semi-structured interviews. The latter provide details, which other methods cannot capture. The results of this study are especially useful to the competent regulators, for they reflect market perceptions on the importance and effectiveness of CG practices. They are also useful to practitioners to identify potential root causes of audit deficiencies.
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Khan, Malik Muhammad Hamza, Meher Angez, Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir, Ayesha Nasir Hameed und Muhammad Talha Nawaz. „Hooked on - The lure of internet addiction amidst Covid19“. Pakistan Journal of Public Health 11, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v11i1.736.
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Internet addiction has been seen to rise significantly during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic especially during the quarantine period. Closure of offices, marketplaces, educational institutes, and lack of social interactions has led to an upsurge in the usage of the internet not only for academic and work but also for relaxation and a muddle through monotonic life amidst pandemic. It is essential to understand the effects of this addiction on the general population. Young's and Temperance's model; one of the behavioral models explain behavioral changes among individuals related to internet addiction amidst crisis. This paper aims to discuss how the intercalated interplay between biological characteristics such as brain plasticity, psychological and predisposing characteristics, environmental and need-based factors during the pandemic have led to internet addiction. This could help health authorities in developing effective methods to reduce internet addiction prevalence through preventive measures like counselling, therapeutic interventions, and a hotline service.
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Newme, Moses, und Dr Lalzo S. Thangjom. „Fate of migrant workers during lockdown with special reference to Tamenglong District of Manipur“. BSSS Journal of Social Work 13, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jsw1305.
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This paper intends to understand the challenges faced by the migrant workers during the lockdown. On 25th March, 2020 the Government of India announced the nationwide lockdown which restricted the movement of individuals as preventive measure against the Covid-19 pandemic in India. Millions of migrant workers were stranded without jobs and left no other options but to return home owing to sudden lockdown. Many economic activities or work place were shut down during the lockdown as a result, many workers lost their livelihoods. A study was carried out in order to understand the socio-economic conditions and challenges faced by migrant workers during the lockdown, and respondents were randomly selected among the migrant’s workers (or returnees) in Tamenglong district of Manipur. The results show that most of the migrant workers faced the problems of unemployment, financial crisis, lack of transportation facilities, food and accommodation, psychological stress and social stigma.
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Pan, Yihang, Meiqi Xin, Changhua Zhang, Willa Dong, Yuan Fang, Wenhui Wu, Mingzhe Li et al. „Associations of Mental Health and Personal Preventive Measure Compliance With Exposure to COVID-19 Information During Work Resumption Following the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study“. Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, Nr. 10 (08.10.2020): e22596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22596.
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Background Risk and crisis communication plays an essential role in public health emergency responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered spontaneous and intensive media attention, which has affected people’s adoption of personal preventive measures and their mental health. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between exposure to COVID-19–specific information and mental health (depression and sleep quality) and self-reported compliance with personal preventive measures (face mask wearing and hand sanitizing). We also tested whether these associations were moderated by thoughtful consideration of the veracity of the information to which people were exposed. Methods A cross-sectional, closed web-based survey was conducted among a sample of 3035 factory workers at the beginning of work resumption following the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen, China. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used for recruitment. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used for the analyses. Results The prevalence of probable moderate-to-severe depression was 170/3035 (5.6%), while that of good or excellent sleep quality was 2110/3035 (69.5%). The prevalence of self-reported consistent face mask wearing in public places was 2903/3035 (95.7%), while that of sanitizing hands every time after returning from public spaces or touching public installations was 2151/3035 (70.9%). Of the 3035 respondents, 1013 to 1638 (33.3% to 54.0%) reported >1 hour of daily exposure to COVID-19–specific information through web-based media and television. After controlling for significant background variables, higher information exposure via television and via newspapers and magazines was associated with better sleep quality and higher compliance with hand sanitizing. Higher exposure via unofficial web-based media was associated with higher compliance with hand sanitizing but was also associated with higher depressive symptoms. In contrast, higher exposure through face-to-face communication was associated with higher depressive symptoms, worse sleep quality, and lower compliance with hand sanitizing. Exposure to information about positive outcomes for patients with COVID-19, development of vaccines and effective treatments, and heroic stories about frontline health care workers were associated with both better mental health and higher compliance with preventive measures. Higher overall information exposure was associated with higher depressive symptoms among participants who were less likely to carefully consider the veracity of the information to which they were exposed; it was also associated with better sleep quality among people who reported more thoughtful consideration of information veracity. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence of how the amount, sources, and contents of information to which people were exposed influenced their mental health and compliance with personal preventive measures at the initial phase of work resumption in China. Thoughtful consideration of information quality was found to play an important moderating role. Our findings may inform strategic risk communication by government and public health authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Arefi, Maryam Feiz, und Mohsen Poursadeqiyan. „A review of studies on the COVID-19 epidemic crisis disease with a preventive approach“. Work 66, Nr. 4 (17.09.2020): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203218.
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BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a highly contagious acute respiratory syndrome and has been declared a pandemic in more than 209 countries worldwide. At the time of writing, no preventive vaccine has been developed and tested in the community. This study was conducted to review studies aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus worldwide. METHODS: This study was a review of the evidence-based literature and was conducted by searching databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, until April 2020. The search was performed based on keywords including “coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, and “prevention”. The list of references in the final studies has also been re-reviewed to find articles that might not have been obtained through the search. The guidelines published by trustworthy organizations such as the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have been used in this study. CONCLUSION: So far, no vaccine or definitive treatment for COVID-19 has been invented, and the disease has become a pandemic. Therefore, observation of hand hygiene, disinfection of high-touch surfaces, observation of social distance, and lack of presence in public places are recommended as preventive measures. Moreover, to control the situation and to reduce the incidence of the virus, some of the measures taken by the decision-making bodies and the guidelines of the deterrent institutions to strengthen telecommuting of employees and reduce the presence of people in the community and prevent unnecessary activities, are very important.
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Boryczko, Krzysztof, Izabela Piegdoń, Dawid Szpak und Jakub Żywiec. „Risk Assessment of Lack of Water Supply Using the Hydraulic Model of the Water Supply“. Resources 10, Nr. 5 (05.05.2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10050043.
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Modern management of water supply systems is based on a preventive strategy consisting of the prevention of failures and crisis situations. Water pipe failures resulting in a lack of water supply for a long period pose a threat to the water consumers safety. The aim of the work was to present the methodology and develop a risk map of lack of water supply to consumers. The article presents a failures simulation of the main pipes transporting treated water from the water treatment plant to the city carried out using the EPANET 2.0. software. The simulation results made it possible to determine the consequences of failures by determining the number of inhabitants (consumers) affected with lack of water supply as a result of failure of the main pipes near the water treatment plant WTP which, together with the failure rate, were used to prepare risk maps of lack of water supply. The developed method was presented on the water supply network located in Central and Eastern Europe. It was found that the highest risk of lack of water supply is related to the failure of the M3 main pipe, which transports water to the eastern and north-eastern parts of the city. It is recommended to modernize the M3 main pipe, which will reduce the number of failures resulting in a lack of water supply.
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Rycak, Magdalena. „Prawa i obowiązki stron stosunku pracy w czasie pandemii COVID-19“. Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 27, Nr. 4 (2020): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.20.028.12615.
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Rights and obligations of parties to an employment relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic The article discusses the most important regulations regarding the rights and obligations of employers and employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, both for employees performing remote work and employees who, due to the nature of their work, must perform it at the workplace. In order to counteract COVID-19, the employer may instruct the employee to perform, for a fixed period, work specified in the employment contract, outside the place of its permanent performance (remote work). In the current situation, in principle, the employer may, whenever an employee performs remote work, order it for 180 days from the date of the Act’s entry into force. There appear a number of problems in the field of labour law when working remotely, including how to comply with OSH regulations, how to proceed in the event of an accident at work or control of working time. An employer may commission remote work to only part of the employees, e.g. those who have children. Yet, this should be justified by objective circumstances. The employer should take all available precautions, such as ordering remote work or even temporary closure of an enterprise, if his employees are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in order to enable State Sanitary Inspection or physicians or himself to take action. During the epidemic, the employer also has the right to carry out preventive checks of employees’ temperature. There is no legal basis for employers to send their employees to quarantine themselves. The employer may also not allow an employee to work without a preliminary and control examination. The last part of the article deals with the so-called crisis agreements concluded with employee representatives.
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GRADOŃ, KACPER. „CRIME IN THE TIME OF THE PLAGUE: FAKE NEWS PANDEMIC AND THE CHALLENGES TO LAW-ENFORCEMENT AND INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY“. Society Register 4, Nr. 2 (07.04.2020): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2020.4.2.10.
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The Paper explores the problem of fake news and disinformation campaigns in the turmoil era of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The Author addresses the problem from the perspective of Crime Science, identifying the actual and potential impact of fake news propagation on both the social fabric and the work of the law-enforcement and security services. The Author covers various vectors of disinformation campaigns and offers the overview of challenges associated with the use of deep fakes and the abuse of Artificial Intelligence, Machine-, Deep- and Reinforcement-Learning technologies. The Paper provides the outline of preventive strategies that might be used to mitigate the consequences of fake news proliferation, including the introduction of counter-narratives and the use of AI as countermeasure available to the law-enforcement and public safety agencies. The Author also highlights other threats and forms of crime leveraging the pandemic crisis. As the Paper deals with the current and rapidly evolving phenomenon, it is based on qualitative research and uses the most up-to-date, reliable open-source information, including the Web-based material.
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Chaurasia, Basant, Dixit Garg und Ashish Agarwal. „Framework to improve performance through implementing Lean Six Sigma strategies to oil exporting countries during recession or depression“. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, Nr. 3 (07.03.2016): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-01-2015-0011.
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Purpose – Today’s global business environment essential requirement to an industries reduction of wastes, reduction of variations, reduction of lead time and innovative feature quality product with minimum cost. That strives to improve customer satisfaction, break through strategies to solve problems with fastest process speed. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) strategy and framework can help during recession or upcoming recession to improve business excellencies and companies strategies against recession. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper followed views of authors, industrial experts from oil industries regarding LSS strategy, framework, comparative key factors of Lean and Six Sigma to overcome continuously decline oil prices globally. LSS strategy will proactively work as preventive tool for insipid economical growth of oil-exporting countries. Findings – To follow the LSS guidelines, oil-exporting countries can improve their business performance during ongoing oil price fall that may be influenced on gross domestic product of countries. Originality/value – The case study may provide some help to survive ongoing crisis of continuously fallen oil price that is highly problematic for oil-exporting countries.
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Verdugo López, Mercedes. „Housing habitability in times of COVID-19 in Mexico. Case of Culiacan“. Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, Nr. 15 (10.01.2021): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2021.0004.
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The prolonged social distancing caused by the Covid-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented condition that has severely impacted on the different aspects of public and private life in Mexico. One of the most affected areas is the role of housing and its habitability. In a very short time, homes have become a place of work, a school, and sometimes a medical care facility. This article exposes the importance of the inhabitant's bond with their home and the habitability that is reconfigured in the social conditions imposed by the current health crisis. We believe that preventive isolation can contribute to containing contagions if the living conditions encourage to the collaboration of citizens. The methodology consists of a case study carried out in Culiacán, one of the Mexican cities most affected by the pandemic. The analysis is derived from the statistical processing of an online survey, applied in two times to the target population. In the first, 231 questionnaires were processed as a filter and in the second 50, which contained the most significant topics on the subject.
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Joseph, Bobby, und Mia George Kallumkal. „COVID-19 in occupational settings: lessons from 100 years ago and addressing the disease today“. Indian Journal of Community Health 32, Nr. 2 (Supp) (20.04.2020): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02supp.016.
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COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). On January 30th, 2020 the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus 2019 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. The virus spreads from person to person through close contact, touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the eyes, nose or mouth. Preventive measures are taken at all workplaces to stop the spread of COVID-19. Social distancing, regular hand washing with soap and water for 20 seconds, use of alcohol- based hand sanitizer and cough etiquette must be practiced at all times. Hospitals, schools, colleges, hospitality, apparel and manufacturing industries now practice hand hygiene, social distancing, regular disinfection of contaminated surfaces, staggered work shifts, correct use of face mask if mild symptoms develop and shutting down of establishments as per instructions of the local health authorities. COVID-19 is already affecting tens of millions of informal workers all around the world. India has a share of almost 90 percent of working people which amount to 400 million workers in the informal economy, who are at the risk of falling into poverty during this crisis. The current lock down measures in India have affected these workers, compelling them to return to rural areas. Poverty along with the spread of the COVID-19 would further worsen the situation. Without dwelling on the healthcare setting, this paper discusses various preventive measures to be implemented in three different sectors. These interventions can be adapted to others as well, to stop the transmission of COVID-19.
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Alaeddine, H., K. Serrhini, M. Maizia und E. Néron. „A spatiotemporal optimization model for the evacuation of the population exposed to flood hazard“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, Nr. 3 (30.03.2015): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-687-2015.
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Abstract. Managing the crisis caused by natural disasters, and especially by floods, requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system must take into account certain constraints, including those related to traffic network, accessibility, human resources and material equipment (vehicles, collecting points, etc.). The main objective of this work is to provide assistance to technical services and rescue forces in terms of accessibility by offering itineraries relating to rescue and evacuation of people and property. We consider in this paper the evacuation of an urban area of medium size exposed to the hazard of flood. In case of inundation, most people will be evacuated using their own vehicles. Two evacuation types are addressed in this paper: (1) a preventive evacuation based on a flood forecasting system and (2) an evacuation during the disaster based on flooding scenarios. The two study sites on which the developed evacuation model is applied are the Tours valley (Fr, 37), which is protected by a set of dikes (preventive evacuation), and the Gien valley (Fr, 45), which benefits from a low rate of flooding (evacuation before and during the disaster). Our goal is to construct, for each of these two sites, a chronological evacuation plan, i.e., computing for each individual the departure date and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) according to a priority list established for this purpose. The evacuation plan must avoid the congestion on the road network. Here we present a spatiotemporal optimization model (STOM) dedicated to the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters and more specifically to flood risk.
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Alaeddine, H., K. Serrhini, M. Maïzia und E. Néron. „A spatio-temporel optimization model for the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, Nr. 1 (05.01.2015): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-1-2015.
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Abstract. The importance of managing the crisis caused by natural disasters, and especially by flood, requires the development of an effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system must take into account certain constraints, including those related to network traffic, accessibility, human resources and material equipment (vehicles, collecting points, etc.). The main objective of this work is to provide assistance to technical services and rescue forces in terms of accessibility by offering itineraries relating to rescue and evacuation of people and property. We consider in this paper the evacuation of an urban area of medium size exposed to the hazard of flood. In case of inundation, most people will be evacuated using their own vehicles. Two evacuation types are addressed in this paper, (1) a preventive evacuation based on a flood forecasting system and (2) an evacuation during the disaster based on flooding scenarios. The two study sites on which the evacuation model developed is applied are the valley of Tours (Fr, 37) which is protected by a set of dikes (preventive evacuation) and the valley of Gien (Fr, 45) which benefits of a low rate of flooding (evacuation before and during the disaster). Our goal is to construct, for each of these two sites, a chronological evacuation plan i.e. computing for each individual the departure date and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) associated according to a priorities list established for this purpose. Evacuation plan must avoid the congestion on the road network. Here we present a Spatio-Temporal Optimization Model (STOM) dedicated to the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters and more specifically to flood risk.
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Sanghani, Shveta, Alexis Deavenport, Patti Herring, S. Eric Anderson und Ernie Medina. „Pilot Study“. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 6, Nr. 2 (01.12.2008): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v6i2.1310.
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A major public health concern is the debilitating effect of chronic stress, leading to lower performance and productivity at work and school, thus affecting quality of life. Addressing this crisis, a stress reduction pilot program was designed based on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) strategies as an effective, quick, and relatively inexpensive health promotion strategy for chronic stress. The intervention, a four-session yoga and meditation regimen, was created to give participants the acquired skills and comprehension for performing seven breathing exercises, two meditation techniques, and 14 simple yoga postures to combat stress in their daily lives. The design was a quasi-experimental, with a pretest and posttest, and non-equivalent control group. Data were analyzed using five repeated measure ANOVAs. The intervention group experienced greater decreases in stress-related variables from pretest to posttest compared to the control group. Preliminary findings indicate promise for introducing yoga and meditation among a variety of schools, workplace settings, and preventive care clinics. as an effective, simple, and relatively inexpensive health promotion strategy to negate the debilitating effects of chronic stress, and to enhance well being and performance.
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Wilhelm, Christian, und Markus Berger. „Risikomanagement in privaten Unternehmen – Umgang mit Naturgefahren und Reputationsrisiken“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, Nr. 9 (01.09.2014): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0250.
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Risk management in private enterprises: addressing natural hazards and reputational risk The environment in which private enterprises must work has become more complex and the risks more varied. As a result, over the last decade, enterprises have strengthened their risk management. This article will show how private enterprises are addressing natural hazards and reputational risk, and how these strategies differ from risk management by public bodies. The authors asked five enterprises about their risk management. The answers were assessed with regard to recognised methods and modern management theory. Although the enterprises apply modern techniques and are highly conscious of risk, few preventive measures against natural hazards have been put in place. This can be partially explained by the possibility of getting insurance for the risks, and by the high degree of protection provided by the State. As for reputational risk, often risk management is only put into practice when crisis management already becomes necessary. More attention should be paid to including risk management in the strategic processes of enterprises, and to taking account of chances. Risk management is often most effective in a partnership of private and public actors; mutual understanding is desirable in these circumstances.
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AHMED, May Faisal, und Nafez Mouhamed SHARAWI. „THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN PROMOTING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN LIGHT OF THE CORONA PANDEMIC“. International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, Nr. 04 (01.08.2021): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.4-3.22.
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In this research, it is aimed to study the role of the university managers at two universities in promoting occupational safety and health by revealing whether there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05=*). The researchers have looked at the role of university management in promoting safety and occupational health by looking at the following variables: sex, experience, and employability. The descriptive analytical approach has been used, and the developed questionnaire consists of 40 paragraphs, divided into four areas. The sample study has been randomly selected from the original research community, with the proportion of 14%. The number of administrators and faculty members, who have been asked to fill up the questionnaire, has been 210 persons. The researchers have made sure that data variables are honest and stable. Results have been analyzed by using the SPSS program. The have reached many results and recommendations, and the most important ones are the following two: There must be a policy of awareness and guidance as well as adoption of specialized methods in occupational safety and health matters that promote the promotion of workers in the culture of occupational safety and health in order to take preventive measures, proper work and an appropriate educational environment in the mentioned universities. It is also urgent to form specialized committees in occupational safety and health to work on a clear policy with the preparation of crisis and disaster management plans mediated by a specified and experienced Committee and work on its application in the university institutions, especially nowadays under the Corona pandemic.
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Varsos, Dimitrios S., Stergiani A. Giannakou und Nikitas A. Assimakopoulos. „A Systems Approach to Information Security for the Twenty-First Century Organization“. Acta Europeana Systemica 8 (10.07.2020): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v8i1.56343.
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A crisis resulting from disruptive events that threaten to harm the organization or its stakeholders can originate from a plethora of sources. Data breaches, unauthorized disclosures of confidential information, and data leaks, are on the news almost daily. Most guidelines and standards published by prominent International Standards Organizations hold that risk-based thinking supports public, private, and community enterprises (referred for convenience in this work by the generic term “organization”) in determining the forces that could cause their key and enabling processes to deviate from planned arrangements, to apply preventive measures to modify risk, and to take advantage of opportunities as they arise. A well-structured Information Security Management System that is developed, implemented, and maintained through sound risk-based thinking, enables the organization to take appropriate actions to address the risks and opportunities associated with its information resources, in a manner that is commensurate to the complexity of its socio-technical infrastructure and the external environmentassociated with its activities. In this work we explore the Risk Management Process that is outlined in the ISO 31000 international standard, through the requirements/guidelines defined in the ISO/IEC 27000-series of international standards. The knowledge gained is applied to develop a systems driven conceptual structure thatcan be employed by any organization operating on the complexities of an interconnected environment, for the purpose of designing, implementing, monitoring, reviewing and continually improving a structured Information Security Management System.
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Gómez-Salgado, Juan, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Macarena Romero-Martín, Mónica Ortega-Moreno, Juan Jesús García-Iglesias und Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. „Sense of Coherence and Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 17 (24.08.2020): 6855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176855.
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The health crisis triggered by COVID-19 and the preventive measures taken to control it have caused a strong psychological impact on the population, especially on healthcare professionals. Risk exposure, uncertainty about how to approach the disease, care and emotional overburden, lack of resources, or unclear ever-changing protocols are, among others, psychological distress risk factors for the healthcare professionals who have faced this dramatic scenario on the front line. On the other hand, the Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a competence that could help these professionals perceive the situation as understandable, manageable, and meaningful, facilitating the activation of their resilience. This work aims to describe the levels of psychological distress and SOC of healthcare professionals during the crisis caused by COVID-19, the relationship between both variables, and their health status. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 1459 currently active healthcare workers was developed. GHQ-12 and SOC-13 were used for data collection. Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared Test, Student’s T-Test, Analysis of Variance—ANOVA (with Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons), and correlations. Cohen’s d or Cramer’s V effect size measurements were also provided. The results showed that 80.6% of healthcare professionals had psychological distress, and the mean score on the SOC-13 scale was 62.8 points (SD = 12.02). Both psychological distress and SOC were related to the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, as well as with contact history. Professionals with psychological distress showed a lower SOC. Taking care of the mental health of healthcare professionals is essential to effectively cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the psychological impact of working in the current menacing scenario, people on the front line against the disease should be protected, minimizing risks, providing them with resources and support, and fostering their coping skills.
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Vyazovova, Natalia V., und Viola M. Melekhova. „Psychological diagnosis and gender analysis of teenagers’ addiction propensity“. Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS, Nr. 47 (2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2021-20-1(47)-43-51.
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We consider the current issue of teenagers’ attitude to psychoactive substances. A comprehensive study of the value relationship of teenagers to psychoactive substances and the motivation for their use is necessary. The teenagers development crisis leads to a drop in academic performance, a decrease in working capacity, negativism, alienation, ambivalence of feelings and much more, it is noted that the demonstrative “adulthood” of teenagers, their acute experience of the discrepancy between the external and internal worlds often lead them to behavioral transformations aimed at remaking reality for themselves. Based on the types of deviations characterized in psychology, we analyze the causes of chemical addiction. In the course of the study, we identify the main reasons that encourage teenagers to try drugs and consider the age differentiation of the reasons. The main motives of alcohol consumption by teenagers are determined. The results of the study were analyzed by gender of the respondents, and the peculiarities of the attitude to psychoactive substances and persons who use the above substances were noted. We present an expert assessment of the risk of teenagers’ dependence on psychoactive substances, given by schoolteachers, and identify the main causes that affect the risk of developing addiction. We note the necessity of conducting psychological preventive work with this group of respondents and the environment.
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Krivchanskaya, A. V. „FINANCIAL MECHANISMS AND INSTRUMENTS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF THE INSOLVENCY OF MUNICIPALITIES: RUSSIAN PRACTICE AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE“. Business Strategies, Nr. 2 (11.03.2019): 03–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2019-2-03-11.
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Currently, the problem of fiscal insolvency is relevant for the majority of municipalities of the Russian Federation, whose poor condition is indicated by the low share of own revenues and significant amounts of debt obligations of municipal budgets. On the basis of the analysis of the legal and regulatory framework, the work of specialists skilled in the art, as well as the author’s personal research on the practice of applying temporary financial administration, the most significant causes of this state are highlighted: the insufficiency of municipal financial resources to ensure their expenditure powers; low efficiency of financial management in the municipal budgetary sector; the existence of gaps in the actual institutional environment. The assessment of the foreign experience of the crisis management of municipalities was carried out to identify tools and methods that can be used in the Russian context. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of municipal bankruptcy. As a result, preventive measures have been identified as the most promising tools for resolving the problem of insolvency of municipalities of the Russian Federation. These measures include limiting the volume of short-term borrowings of municipalities and the need to obtain permission from higher authorities to borrow. A number of proposals to improve the effectiveness of temporary financial administration the solvency of municipalities was also offered.
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VUJOVIĆ, DANILO, und NEDELJKO CVETKOVIĆ. „DERADICALIZATION OF RETURNING FOREIGN FIGHTERS AND HOMEGROWN TERORRISTS“. Kultura polisa, Nr. 45 (03.07.2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.2r.1.06.
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In the last couple of years, with the prolification of the Migrant Crisis and the defeat of the Islamic State, the return of the foreign fighters, who went form Europe to the Caliphate and joined the local conflict, as well as the problem of the homegrown terrorism have become the focal point of almost all national security strategies of European countries. The situation that followed drove the authors to set the possible approaches to solving this challenge to European security as a goal for their research. The subject of this article encompasses the process of deradicalization, as the only humane way to deal with the problem at hand, as well as the process of radicalization, as necessary for understanding the formation of the individuals that pose a threat to the security of Europe. The article also tackles the preventive work directed at those social groups that are deemed susceptible to radicalization, as well as the use of individualized and holistic approach to the radicalized individuals. Special consideration is given to the programs of deradicalization as a form of institutionalized way of dealing with this type of a security risk. In the conclusion the authors give their own view of what is the most adeqaute approach when working with radicalized individuals and the role of certain elements of society in it.
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Phoon, W. O. „Preventing a Crisis-AIDS and Family Planning Work“. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1989): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958900300414.
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Black, James E. „Psychiatry on a Shoestring: Developing New Standards of Care for a Severe, Prolonged, and Widespread Emergency“. CNS Spectrums 26, Nr. 2 (April 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920002710.
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AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe COVID-19 crisis has severely stressed our healthcare system and pushed our economy to the brink. This long emergency will probably cause years of severe suffering in every region. Health expenses greatly increased, supply chains were disrupted, and governments coped with much less revenue. Good clinicians plan for ALL contingencies, and we need to consider that the current disaster may get much worse. How can we adapt psychiatry to a long emergency? This goes far beyond previous work on crisis standards of care because the emergency is severe, prolonged, and widespread. If we had to spend much less on psychotropics, which meds stay on the formulary? If we have to close hospitals, which patients get a bed? What adaptations could be used if demand exceeds the supply of providers? Very little is known about how to make severe, permanent cuts to healthcare. Our previous systematic review found no scholarship addressing the ethics of severe and prolonged healthcare rationing. Global catastrophes need a global health policy, but this one has no experts. The present study starts the project by surveying experts with related experience that could be useful in future plans.MethodWe used purposive sampling to find 18 professionals with experience in healthcare rationing from underserved, indigenous communities, homeless programs, and African nations. We also interviewed ethicists, pharmacists, administrators, NGO clinicians, and military. Interviews were transcribed and coded using basic inductive techniques. Because so little is known about this topic, we used grounded theory, an iterative approach to guide further sampling, refine interviews, and make some preliminary conclusions.ResultsParticipants all agreed this crisis planning is extremely important and complex. They described diverse concerns regarding ethical decision making, with some having confidence with top-down government policy, and others recommending a grassroots approach. Minority participants had less confidence in government. There was no consensus on any best ethical framework. Most had confidence that clinicians will ultimately do the right thing. Native American leaders had confidence in a holistic, preventive approach. All agreed that social justice should be central in measuring economic impact of long emergencies and choosing ethical options. We collected suggestions for innovative approaches to rationing.ConclusionsThis research program illuminates the difficult ethical questions about adapting psychiatry to a prolonged, widespread, and severe emergency. Our interviews identify areas where severe but ethical cuts can be made in medications, hospitals, clinical staff, and administration. Next steps include evidence-based formularies, utilitarian staff cuts, and ethical standards for closing beds or revamping state hospitals. Underserved and diverse communities with rationing experience must have a voice in the discussion.
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Plaza Llorente, Jesús Manuel. „Análisis de la respuesta resiliente de los sectores industriales españoles entre 2008 y 2014“. Dirección y Organización, Nr. 56 (01.07.2015): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i56.471.
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En la medida en que han desarrollado perfiles de resiliencia, los sectores industriales españoles han hecho frente mejor a la crisis económica y financiera 2008-2014. Este hecho, les ha permitido asimilar primero el impacto de la crisis y desarrollar después estrategias adaptativas de respuesta. Los resultados de esta investigación apuntan que, para la orientación de las políticas industrial y de empresa, la experiencia de estos años de crisis resalta la importancia del capital humano, junto con el esfuerzo para mantener operativa la capacidad productiva y comercial de las empresas, como soportes últimos de la resiliencia de los sectores industriales.Palabras clave: resiliencia, sectores industriales, estrategias adaptativas.The resilient behavior of Spanish industrial sectors (2008-2014): an empirical analysisAbstract: As a consequence of the economic and financial crisis during 2008 and 2014, this paper shows how the Spanish industrial sectors had developed some resilient profiles to tackle the former impact of crisis and react through adaptive strategies. The gain of experience in the period reveals some learning to approach industrial and enterprise policies. The qualification and numbers of human capital, together some efforts to support equipment and marketing operative capacities of firms, are bastions to build Resilience in industrial sectors, as demonstrate an empirical multivariable regression model tested in this article. The measure of Resilience deserves three main approaches into scholar literature. The first, Preventive, reflects how vulnerable is the economic or industrial system, to detail which conditions and intensity of them are possible without any permanent deterioration. Second, Positive, allows a better understanding of behavior of system into a risky or handicapped situations, before it reaches limits of collapse. Finally, a third approach focus on capacities for assessment and evaluation of systems and benchmark, to identify knowledge and learning elements under schemes of Better Practices and Success Cases. Under a model of lineal multivariable regression had been calculated 12 functions of Resilience (Dependent variable) for other 12 industrial sectors, based on aggregations and data (2008-2014) of National Statistics Office (INE). The robustness of model had been tested at 1% of confidence level, without significant lineal dependence between independent (regressor) variables (drivers of Resilience), measured through Durbin-Watson´s Coefficient values. According results, a 42% of sectors had a Resilience level upper average (Mean) combined with a low volatility (Standard Deviation). In this group were Chemical Pharmaceuticals, Food Drinks, Rubber Plastics, Motor and Diverse Manufacturing, sectors. The main drivers of this resilient behavior were a stable level of RD investment and Purchases into EU. A 16% of sectors (Extractive Industries and Metals) also shown a resilient profile but volatile (SD upper average), based on Human Capital, a stable effort in RD investment and Sales into EU. Finally, other 42% of sectors (Textile, Machinery, Wood, Electric Electronics and No metals industries) were less resilient, based on Human Capital and their capacity to sell into EU. The results of this work continue a promissory field of research on how to build Resilience, how to increase the role of drivers that provide Resilience into economic and industrial systems and a better understanding on how manage it, nevertheless undesired impacts. The measure of risks and how vulnerability of systems can be afford, based on their own capacities to induce first resilience and recovery after, should be completed with a deeper search of mechanisms to operate into the black box of systems and which tools would be used by industrial and enterprise policies, to sure a faster transit from troubled situations into a recovery and new friendly scenarios for new jobs, confidence and inclusive growth.Key words: resilience, industrial sectors, adaptive strategies.
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Semke, V. Y. „P01-346-Current priorities of investigation of mental health of growing generation“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72057-0.
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Complex approach allows identifying from many-sided positions integrative trends in research of mental health of growing generation. The case in point is evolutionary analysis of risk factors, role of adverse microsocial environment, negative impact of exogenous-organic and endogenous harms. In this aspect of relevance is distinguishing and all-sided development of new branch of the contemporary medicine – micropsychiatry (for this there are interesting basic data on grounding and propriety of description ecological fetal syndrome reflecting, in particular, influence of microdoses of radiation of negative consequences of the Semipalatinsk polygon etc.). Avalanche-like growth of indices of child homelessness and neglect is explained by consequences of microsocial crisis that is experienced by Russian family: this makes extraordinarily relevant problem of social orphanhood. The great attention must be paid to problem of mental health care of participants of pedagogical process (in a-chain-like-way “parent-child-teacher”).Researchers and physicians of child-adolescent subdivision of SI Mental Health Research Institute TSC SB RAMSci conduct work on psychotherapy of childhood and adolescence. In addition, there are many-year results of trials in the field of child-adolescent transculturology, conducted under auspices of the International Association of Ethnopsychologists and Ethnopsychotherapists (with active participation of Siberian scientists and physicians).Efforts of young researchers and representatives of older generation promote the successful development of new media, organizing-medical and preventive technologies allowing resolving the complex of tasks in heightening and mastering “quality of life” of Russian families, strengthening of the individual and societal health of the population of various regions of the country.
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Nichols, Gregory P. „Mobilizing Non-Traditional Public Health Partners to Mitigate the Effects of Coronavirus Infection and to Reduce the Risk of Emerging Disease“. Medical Sciences Forum 4, Nr. 1 (11.01.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecerph-3-09032.
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Partnerships are a cornerstone of modern public health practice, yet in the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic, many traditional public health partners either floundered or lacked the resources to perform adequately. The public health community should begin looking at alternative pathways to fulfilling public health needs when traditional partners are not available. One such partner that has historically been overlooked in providing Public Health support, especially with interventional epidemiology and public health policy, is the advanced materials (AM) community. The AM community could play a larger role in public health practice by developing and implementing preventive measures for disease, including for global pandemics such as COVID-19. One such example of how this partnership could work is the Advanced Material Pandemic and Future Preparedness Taskforce (AMPT), which is an international public-benefit initiative focused on using advanced materials to help solve some of humanity’s most pressing challenges. As an international cooperative platform, the multidisciplinary taskforce is building a global infrastructure and an ecosystem network that enables the advanced material community to respond swiftly and effectively under the umbrella of future preparedness. Advanced materials have played and will continue to play some role in public health, including for use in diagnostic tests, antimicrobial coatings, and filtering facepiece respirators. Technology has advanced to a point where researchers and the manufacturers of advanced materials now have a clear direction and resources to be the partners that the public health community can no longer afford to overlook, especially in times of crisis, when new ways of thinking are required to solve pressing challenges.
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Gabdulkhakov, Roman, Rinat Yagudin, Askar Bakhtiyarov, Elena Elizareva und Roman Marvanov. „Benchmarking for up-to-date risk assessment methods for safety assurance“. Bulletin of scientific research results, Nr. 1-2 (17.07.2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-1-2-5-15.
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Objective: Performing a multiple factor analysis of the existing risk assessment methods based on the developed applicability characteristics for a given method at risk assessment phases. To ensure both industrial and environmental safety, a risk-based approach has become specifically relevant as one of the efficient instruments used in crisis management. Methods: When a risk analysis for hazardous industrial facilities is performed for potential emergencies, such analysis should be done along two primary lines – identifying the risk for preventive protection and insurance measures to be correctly arranged and implemented, as well as forecasting how the consequences of risks actualized will evolve for immediate protective measures to be arranged and planned in good time. At the same time, there are now scores of risk assessment methods, approaches and methodical guidelines for calculation that are notionally divided into five primary groups: observation methods, supplementary methods, scenario analysis, functional analysis, statistical methods. Each risk assessment method has its own specifics, field of use, relevant parameters and qualitative and quantitative characteristics expressed. Results: maintenance and toxicological risk assessment are excluded from the risk assessment methods, the most efficient methods being identified as follows: Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and Failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), maintenance focused on reliability assurance, Human reliability analysis (HRA), Event tree analysis (ETA), Layer of protection analysis (LOPA), Structured what if technique (SWIFT). Practical importance: For making a reasonable choice between the methods, benchmarking for the above methods has been performed on which basis the most acceptable approaches are identified. The resulting risk assessment method comparison table has a practical relevance for design and research work performed in forecasting and analyzing industrial and environmental hazards.
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Viktorov, Mikhail Yu. „Housing construction in the present-day context of decelerating economic growth“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2020): 1708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.12.1708-1716.
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Abstract
Introduction. The unwanted slowdown of the housing construction process, triggered by the coronavirus crisis, does not cancel the tasks set by the national project “Housing and the Urban Environment”. The practical analysis of the housing sector has confirmed that the economic recovery of the housing construction industry cannot be regarded as an outcome of inconsistent measures. The novelty of the approach lies in the identification of the most problematic development hurdles and their comprehensive overcoming in the context of digital transformation of residential development projects, which contributes to effective demand, optimizes the distribution of risk between construction work participants and expands the use of preventive mechanisms for the out-of-court settlement of commercial disputes arising in the construction sector.
Materials and methods. A quick analysis of the current situation in the housing sector, including the one in the regions, has identified the most important factors hindering the growth of business activities in this industry. Methods of systems analysis, adjusted in terms of time and space, made it possible to apply situational analysis tools to the housing construction sector.
Results. A repeated discussion of the reasons for the contraction of housing construction which is underway on discussion platforms of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, NOSTROY, RANEPA, MGSU, etc. has revealed that the comprehensive implementation of aggregated effects that accompany the transition to project funding is impossible without the implementation of the principle of “risk symmetry”, effective demand support, prevention of conflicts of interests between construction participants and the practical implementation of the potential of digital transformation of investment and construction processes in the project format at all stages of the life cycle of a construction project.
Conclusions. The nurture of a qualitatively new digital environment in the housing sector will change not only its planning, controlling and expert functions, but also the evaluation and communication mechanisms, as it contributes to reduction of transaction and operational costs, boosts the efficiency and objectivity of construction control, increases trust and partnership solidarity, narrows the scope of litigation and reduces the number of bankruptcies, etc., thus, setting the stage for an accelerated recovery and growth of the housing construction.