Dissertationen zum Thema „Preventive crisis work“

Titel: Krisförebyggande arbete i sjukvården - En studie som belyser betydelsen av krisplaner och andra krisförberedelser för beslut om resursfördelningar i en krissituation orsakad av en extern händelse.    Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Elina Ylvenius och Torbjörn Olsson   Handledare: Emilia Kvarnström   Datum: 2021 - juni   Syfte: Att skapa en djupare förståelse för betydelsen av olika typer av krisförebyggande arbete inom sjukvården när det kommer till att fatta beslut under en pågående extern kris. Syftet är att öka vetskapen om betydelsen av krisberedskapsplaner samt andra krisförberedelser för sjukvårdarbetares beslutsfattande i en krissituation orsakad av en extern händelse.   Metod: Studien använder sig parallellt av två kvalitativa forskningsmetoder. Det empiriska materialet består av data från semistrukturerade intervjuer samt styrdokument. Intervjuerna är baserade på fyra delområden: Erfarenhet inom sjukvården, krishantering och krisberedskap, resursfördelning samt beslutsfattande. Informationen från styrdokument är hämtade ur regionala krisberedskapsplaner.    Resultat och slutsatser: Studien visar att krisberedskapsplanering i form av styrdokument inte fungerar i praktiken. Den indikerar även att uppfattningen om styrdokumentens betydelse varierar mellan olika positioner i sjukvården. Slutligen visar studien på vilka krisförberedande åtgärder som faktiskt upplevs fungera i praktiken.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Forskningen bidrar till en inblick i hur krishantering inom sjukvården fungerar i praktiken. Den bidrar till förståelse för sjukvårdsarbetares egna uppfattningar om olika krisberedskapsåtgärder. Uppsatsen visar hur erfarenhet och andra typer av krisförberedelse påverkar sjukvården under en extern kris.    Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att ta reda på varför strukturen för krisberedskapsplanerna inte fungerar i praktiken inom sjukvården. Det känns högst aktuellt att försöka skapa en förståelse kring detta och skapa en bild av varför deras funktion brister när det kommer till att fungera som en del av sjukvårdens krishantering.   Nyckelord: Förvaltning, organisation, krishantering, förebyggande krisarbete, beslutsfattande, sjukvård, resursfördelning
Title: Crisis prevention work in health care - A study that highlights the importance of crisis plans and other crisis preparations for decisions on resource allocations in a crisis situation caused by an external incident.    Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Authors: Elina Ylvenius and Torbjörn Olsson   Supervisor: Emilia Kvarnström   Date: 2021 - June   Aim: To create a deeper understanding of the importance of different types of crisis prevention work in healthcare when it comes to making decisions during an ongoing external crisis. The purpose is to increase knowledge about the importance of crisis plans and other crisis preparations for healthcare workers' decision-making in a crisis situation caused by an external incident.   Method: The study uses two qualitative research methods in parallel. The empirical material consists of data from semi-structured interviews that are based on four sub-areas: Experience in healthcare, crisis management and crisis preparedness, resource allocation and decision-making. The empirical data is also based on policy documents such as regional crisis management plans.   Results and conclusions: The study shows that emergency preparedness planning in the form of control documents does not work in practice. It also shows that the control documents' perception varies between different positions in healthcare. Finally, the study shows which crisis preparation measures are actually perceived to work in practice.   Contribution of the thesis: The research contributes to an understanding of how crisis management in healthcare works in practice. It contributes to an understanding of healthcare workers’ own perceptions of various emergency preparedness measures. The essay shows how experience and other types of crisis preparation affect healthcare during an external crisis.   Suggestions for future research: To find out why the structure of the crisis prevention plans does not work in practice in healthcare. It feels highly relevant to try to create an understanding of this and create an image of why their function is lacking when it comes to functioning as part of healthcare's crisis management.   Key words: Management, organization, crisis management, preventive crisis work, decision-making, healthcare, resource allocation

Opioid use disorder impedes dependent parents' abilities to care for their children. In turn, children may languish in unpredictability and persistent chaos. Societal responses to these children are often guided by a belief that unless the drug dependent parent receives treatment, there is little help for the child. While a preponderance of the drug dependence research is adult-centric, a significant body of research demonstrates the importance of not only addressing the immediate well being of the children of drug dependent caregivers but preventing the continuing cycle of drug dependence. The present commentary demonstrates through a brief review of the US history of drug dependence crises and research from the 1980s and 1990s, a range of “tried and true” family, school, and community interventions centered on children. We already know that these children are at high risk of maladjustment and early onset of drug dependence; early intervention is critical; multiple risk factors are likely to occur simultaneously; comprehensive strategies are optimal; and multiple risk-focused strategies are most protective. Where we need now to turn our efforts is on how to effectively implement and disseminate best practices, many of which we learned in the 1980s and 1990s. The greatest opportunity in both changing the nature of the opioid epidemic at scale and influencing rapid translation of existing research findings into policy and practice is not in asking what to do, but in asking how to do the right things well, and quickly.

Discuss recommendations of the ASPPH Task Force on Public Health Initiatives to Address the Opioid Crisis. Learn from members of the academic public health community other/alternative public health initiatives to address the crisis.

The opioid crisis has accounted for 770 000 deaths in the United States over the past 20 years, a number approximately equal to the first 20 years of the AIDS epidemic.1 A substantial portion of these deaths were the direct result of overprescription of opioids, and many others were caused by former prescription opioid users migrating to less expensive and easier to obtain heroin and synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and its analogues. The opioid crisis has contributed to the decline in US overall life expectancy for 3 consecutive years; the first 3 year-on-year decline in US life expectancy since the 1918 flu pandemic.

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to address infection with HIV and hepatitis C in the Appalachian region of the USA and the driving forces underlying this epidemic. We seek to discuss epidemiology of disease and the possible interventions to reduce incidence and burden of disease in this resource-limited area. Recent Findings: The rise of the opioid crisis has fueled a rise in new hepatitis C infection, and a rise in new HIV infection is expected to follow. Injection drug use has directly contributed to the epidemic and continues to remain a risk factor. Men who have sex with men remains a significant risk factor for HIV acquisition as well. Summary: Progress has been made in the battle against HIV and, to a lesser extent, hepatitis C, but much more can be done. Limited data on co-infection with HIV/HCV are currently available for this at-risk region, but it is clear that Appalachia is highly vulnerable to co-infection outbreaks. A multipronged approach that includes advances in assessment of co-infection and education for both patients and clinicians can help to recognize, manage, and ideally prevent these illnesses.

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence constitutes one of the major protection concerns in displacement settings, being the current Syrian crisis in Lebanon no exception. This has led international and Lebanese humanitarian actors to design and implement prevention and response programmes country-wide to ensure the protection of persons of concern. Yet, gender-related programmes seem to maintain a traditional approach which focuses disproportionately on women and girls. As for SGBV programmes, while women and girls do constitute the bulk of SGBV survivors, such traditional approach overlooks the need of other groups concerned by any gender and SGBV-related interventions. This holds especially true to men and boys, whose engagement in SGBV programming is still conceived in silos, usually included in prevention programmes in their role as perpetrators. Working with men and boys survivors is not widespread and there is no consistent attempt to involve men across all stages in programmes. With no aim to compromise the much needed interventions with women and girls, this Master’s thesis aims at exploring an enhanced men-inclusive approach to SGBV programmes through the exploration of a tool called the men’s lens. By analyzing how Syrian refugee men’s own masculinities and manhood and their linkages to their social positioning influence the emergence of SGBV, this Master’s thesis explores the feasibility of such approach through interviews and a set of recommendations to humanitarian actors in Lebanon. As such, the thesis contributes to bringing together academia and the humanitarian realm, contextualising the men’s lens to the reality on the ground. This includes the adoption of a practical focus on the intertwinement between SGBV, masculinities and intersectionality among Syrian refugees in Lebanon, with the ultimate goal of contributing to improving current SGBV programmes in the Syria crisis.

The purpose of this project was to explore perceptions of effective components in adolescent suicide prevention programs among San Bernardino school counselors. The stress model and the mental health model are the two models implemented in suicide prevention programs.

Critical Infrastructure is often overlooked from an Information Security perspective as being of high importance to protect which may result in Critical Infrastructure being at risk to Cyber related attacks with potential dire consequences. Furthermore, what is considered Critical Infrastructure is often a complex discussion, with varying opinions across audiences. Traditional Critical Infrastructure included power stations, water, sewage pump stations, gas pipe lines, power grids and a new entrant, the “internet of things”. This list is not complete and a constant challenge exists in identifying Critical Infrastructure and its interdependencies. The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of protecting Critical Infrastructure as well as proposing a high level framework aiding in the identification and securing of Critical Infrastructure. To achieve this, key case studies involving Cyber crime and Cyber warfare, as well as the identification of attack vectors and impact on against Critical Infrastructure (as applicable to Critical Infrastructure where possible), were identified and discussed. Furthermore industry related material was researched as to identify key controls that would aid in protecting Critical Infrastructure. The identification of initiatives that countries were pursuing, that would aid in the protection of Critical Infrastructure, were identified and discussed. Research was conducted into the various standards, frameworks and methodologies available to aid in the identification, remediation and ultimately the protection of Critical Infrastructure. A key output of the research was the development of a hybrid approach to identifying Critical Infrastructure, associated vulnerabilities and an approach for remediation with specific metrics (based on the research performed). The conclusion based on the research is that there is often a need and a requirement to identify and protect Critical Infrastructure however this is usually initiated or driven by non-owners of Critical Infrastructure (Governments, governing bodies, standards bodies and security consultants). Furthermore where there are active initiative by owners very often the suggested approaches are very high level in nature with little direct guidance available for very immature environments.

Millions of users world-wide are sharing content using Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, such as Skype and Bit Torrent. While such new innovations undoubtedly bring benefits, there are nevertheless some associated threats. One of the main hazards is that P2P worms can penetrate the network, even from a single node and then spread rapidly. Understanding the propagation process of such worms has always been a challenge for researchers. Different techniques, such as simulations and analytical models, have been adopted in the literature. While simulations provide results for specific input parameter values, analytical models are rather more general and potentially cover the whole spectrum of given parameter values. Many attempts have been made to model the worm propagation process in P2P networks. However, the reported analytical models to-date have failed to cover the whole spectrum of all relevant parameters and have therefore resulted in high false-positives. This consequently affects the immunization and mitigation strategies that are adopted to cope with an outbreak of worms. The first key contribution of this thesis is the development of a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and Recovered (SEIR) analytical model for the worm propagation process in a P2P network, taking into account different factors such as the configuration diversity of nodes, user behaviour and the infection time-lag. These factors have not been considered in an integrated form previously and have been either ignored or partially addressed in state-of-the-art analytical models. Our proposed SEIR analytical model holistically integrates, for the first time, these key factors in order to capture a more realistic representation of the whole worm propagation process. The second key contribution is the extension of the proposed SEIR model to the mobile M-SEIR model by investigating and incorporating the role of node mobility, the size of the worm and the bandwidth of wireless links in the worm propagation process in mobile P2P networks. The model was designed to be flexible and applicable to both wired and wireless nodes. The third contribution is the exploitation of a promising modelling paradigm, Agent-based Modelling (ABM), in the P2P worm modelling context. Specifically, to exploit the synergies between ABM and P2P, an integrated ABM-Based worm propagation model has been built and trialled in this research for the first time. The introduced model combines the implementation of common, complex P2P protocols, such as Gnutella and GIA, along with the aforementioned analytical models. Moreover, a comparative evaluation between ABM and conventional modelling tools has been carried out, to demonstrate the key benefits of ease of real-time analysis and visualisation. As a fourth contribution, the research was further extended by utilizing the proposed SEIR model to examine and evaluate a real-world data set on one of the most recent worms, namely, the Conficker worm. Verification of the model was achieved using ABM and conventional tools and by then comparing the results on the same data set with those derived from developed benchmark models. Finally, the research concludes that the worm propagation process is to a great extent affected by different factors such as configuration diversity, user-behaviour, the infection time lag and the mobility of nodes. It was found that the infection propagation values derived from state-of-the-art mathematical models are hypothetical and do not actually reflect real-world values. In summary, our comparative research study has shown that infection propagation can be reduced due to the natural immunity against worms that can be provided by a holistic exploitation of the range of factors proposed in this work.

Thesis (MSocialWork)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through the establishment of victim support centres, NICRO Eastern Cape aims to develop community networks that render available and appropriate support services to victims of crime. Social workers empower volunteers to run the centres. In order for the social workers to empower volunteers, they need to clearly understand their role in the empowerment process. The goal of the study is to clarify the role of social workers when empowering volunteers at community victim support centres. The profile, motivation and current empowerment of volunteers at NICRO Eastern Cape were determined and described by means of questionnaires. The respondents were fifteen volunteers and three social workers. Conclusions and recommendations were made which focused, among other aspects, on the training of social workers and strategic planning around empowerment. The framework of this research report can be utilized by social workers in the empowering of volunteers, which could possibly lead to victim support centres that are managed by volunteers, as representatives of communities, independently from NICRO.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: By die slagofferondersteuningsentrums te NICRO Oos-Kaap word daar gepoog om 'n gemeenskapsnetwerk te ontwikkel waardeur slagoffers van misdaad beskikbare en toepaslike ondersteuning ontvang. Dit word gedoen deur die bemagtiging van vrywilligers deur maatskaplike werkers. Ten einde die vrywilligers te bemagtig, is dit belangrik dat maatskaplike werkers hul rol in die proses van bemagtiging begryp. Die doel van die studie is om die rol van die maatskaplike werker uit te klaar met die bemagtiging van vrywilligers by 'n gemeenskapslagofferondersteuningsentrum. Die profiel, motivering en huidige bemagtiging van vrywilligers by NICRO Oos-Kaap is deur middel van vraelyste bepaal en ontleed. Die respondente het uit vyftien vrywilligers en drie maatskaplike werkers bestaan. Gevolgtrekkings is gemaak en aanbevelings gedoen wat onder andere fokus op die opleiding aan maatskaplike werkers en strategiese beplanning rondom bemagtiging. Die raamwerk van hierdie navorsingsverslag sal deur maatskaplike werkers benut kan word in die bemagtiging van vrywilligers en dit kan moontlik aanleiding gee tot slagofferondersteuningsentrums wat onafhanklik van NICRO deur vrywilligers, as verteenwoordigers van gemeenskappe, bestuur word.

碩士
中國文化大學
青少年兒童福利研究所
94
The purpose of this study is principally to discuss the work values, role stress and job involvement of preventive crisis management of the Edu-care workers who work in children’s day care center in this country now and to analyze the influences of different work values and role stress on the Edu-care workers’ job involvement in the preventive crisis management in order to find out the best predictive varieties offered by the Edu-care workers as well as to make a suggestion which could be for the empirical test reference while planning to improve the security-protecting of the children’s day care center. The questionnaire investigation method was used to collect data of the Edu-care workers who work in children’s day care center in Taichung City in March and April, 1996. 750 questionnaire were issued, 672 were returned, retrieved rate was 89.6%, 124 were invalid and 548 were available. After questionnaire being returned, we conducted the statistical data analysis by using SPSS 10.0 such as percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, related analysis and the multiple stepwise regression analysis. It was noted that: 1. The work values of Edu-care workers vary from school scope, number of class and children. 2. The role stress of Edu-care workers varies from ages, education, occupation, marital status, school scope, number of class and children. 3. The Edu-care workers’ job involvement in the preventive crisis management varies from ages, length of service, education, marital status and school scope. 4. The Edu-care workers’ work values and role stress would affect the job involvement in the preventive crisis management, which the predictive varieties such as indistinct role, the support of human relationship, the importance of achievement and reputation, length of service and character conflict are the best prediction method for the job involvement in the preventive crisis management. The following suggestions are made by this study: A. Edu-care workers: (a) Cooperation, concern and improvement of the interaction of human relationship; (b) Enhance individual Edu-care profession and strengthen personal growth omnifariouly; (c) Find out the way to moderate the role stress. B. Children’s day care center: (a) Select suitable employees for the needs, give assignment, make a good work atmosphere; (b) complete the interior personnel management, professional classification of Edu-care and administrative position; (c) Lessen the unnecessary parenting programs. C. Social authorities: (a) Complete evaluation system, educate the public to respect the Edu-care profession; (b) Assist the proprietary to project the proper programs, provide the best interests for children; (c) Set up a program of crisis management, enhance the Edu-care workers’ crisis consciousness.

The impact of adolescent human trafficking for sexual exploitation is of such a nature that it interferes with the attainment of adolescent developmental tasks that would lead to the ability to become independent adults. This interference offers specific challenges to service providers. The goal of this study was therefore to develop an in-depth understanding of service providers’ perceptions of the experiences of adolescents trafficked for sexual exploitation with a view to inform social work services. The research methodology entailed the use of the contextual, explorative and descriptive research designs within a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis led to the identification of themes, sub-themes and categories that addressed the goal of the study. A literature control was conducted to verify the data and to draw conclusions and make recommendations for social work service delivery.
Social Work
M. A. (Social Science)

O presente projeto procura refletir sobre a necessidade de uma maior promoção do papel do Serviço Social e dos assistentes sociais na sociedade atual, nos mais diversos contextos, tomando como foco de trabalho as catástrofes naturais. Tendo a proteção de pessoas como eixo prioritário, exploram-se temáticas e apresentam-se propostas que se espera possam vir a contribuir de algum modo para aquela promoção. A partir de uma base diagnóstica, fundada em diferentes realidades e experiências, para a qual contribuiu a realização de entrevistas com responsáveis de importantes projetos de intervenção, partiu-se para a pesquisa de casos de estudo e, finalmente, para a elaboração de propostas concretas adequadas aos objetivos pretendidos. Elabora-se uma proposta concreta que visa assegurar um lugar permanente do setor e dos seus profissionais, quer de forma horizontal, nas cúpulas da proteção civil, quer de forma vertical, das cúpulas à ação na linha da frente, aquando da ocorrência das catástrofes naturais, contribuindo dessa forma para o esforço de uma resposta cada vez mais integrada, centrada na pessoa.
This project seeks to reflect on the need to further promote the role of Social Work and social workers in today's society, in the most diverse contexts, focusing on natural disasters. With the protection of people as a priority axis and exploring important themes, the present proposal are expected to contribute to that promotion. From a diagnostic basis, founded on different realities and experiences, performing interviews with responsible for important intervention projects and analysing special case studies, it was possible to elaborate concrete proposals appropriate to the intended objectives. A concrete proposal is drawn up to ensure a permanent place for the sector and its professionals, both horizontally at the civil protection summits and vertically, from the summits to frontline action when natural disasters occur, thus contributing to the effort of an increasingly integrated, person-centered response.

The research study described and explored families’ protection of children from sexual abuse as perceived and experienced by families and community leaders in KwaNzimakwe, KwaZulu-Natal. A social construction and ecosystems perspective was utilised in order to understand the effects of perceptions and socio-cultural factors. The tribal area of KwaNzimakwe provided a context for the study to investigate socio-cultural factors that increase vulnerability among children in post apartheid South Africa. Limited empirical data was however found in relation to locally relevant factors pertinent to families’ protection of children from sexual abuse. The perspective of families and the community was ascertained through the use of qualitative methods of data collection. Ten individual interviews were conducted with family members who had past experiences of child sexual abuse and five focus group discussions were carried out with parents and community leaders. The research revealed misconceptions in relation to child sexual abuse with regards to (1) the definition (2) detection (3) awareness of potential risks. Child sexual abuse was found to be a hidden issue as families protect their name and the community perceive it to be a private matter. The study also showed that families do not report cases of child sexual abuse due to mistrust in the child protection system. Other main findings were that insufficiencies in the child protection system and stigma in the community have detrimental effects on families and victims. The absence of men in families and the absence of adults in the lives of children were found to significantly weaken families’ protection of children from sexual abuse. The study attributed this to factors such as poverty, gender roles and perceptions of men. The study recommends further research on the topic and prevention programmes in South Africa with particular reference to strengthening families and community based approaches.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Social work, as a profession, is critical for societies as it aims to promote social change and development, as well as social cohesion and the empowerment and liberation of people. Whereas the working conditions of social workers have been the focus of previous research, the topic of social workers’ personal safety challenges and the coping strategies employed during social work service delivery seems to be sparsely researched and documented in indigenous literature. In view of this, I designed a research project aimed at exploring the personal safety challenges that social workers encounter and the coping strategies they employ during social work service delivery from a qualitative research approach with a collective case study design, coupled with an explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological research design, with a view to proffer suggestions for promoting social workers’ personal safety. From the conception of the research project, up until its finalisation which culminated in this research report, I observed the ethical principles of informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality in the context of the management of information. I employed semi-structured interviews as a data collection method from a sample of 14 purposively selected social workers in the employ of one government Department and three non-profit organisations in the Tshwane region. Data was analysed using Tesch’s (1990) steps and data verification was done through Gibbs’ (2008) model. I utilised Schlossberg’s (1981) Transition Process Model as the theoretical lens in this study. Based on the findings presented in this research report, it is evident that social workers face various challenges in terms of their personal safety, ranging from being physically attacked and being at the receiving end of aggressive behaviour from distressed, frustrated, and hostile service users, to facing risks to their personal safety in the social work offices and whilst on the road during fieldwork or in the communities they serve. The various coping strategies that social workers employ as way of dealing with the incidents and situations in which their personal safety is compromised include speaking to a supervisor, colleagues, friends, or a therapist; using their personal faith; remaining calm and withdrawing from the unsafe situation; and enlisting the help of the police or ensuring that they are accompanied by colleagues when doing fieldwork. The research findings included the suggestions proffered by the research participants on how to promote the personal safety of social workers and these are directed at employer organisations and social workers themselves. In addition, recommendations are provided which are directed towards social work practice; social work education and training; and continuous professional development. There are also recommendations for areas of further research.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Work)

This work is engaged in the reflexis of endangerous of behaviour in the season of adolescence. The first chapter offers a complex, compendious acquainting with life crises in the developement of man with the intention on the crise of adolescence. In conection with this season, there are described fundamental changes that can be the source of critical moments. The second chapter is following up with a critical moments that describes concrete forms of social work with young generation and ethics questions and dilemmas. The third chapter enriches the previous two of the theory of social work that facilitates a daily practise of workers and it specifies for anybody what to do. The last chapter of the work is about the reflex of ethics questions in the social work with adolescence people and their crises and finding the question on it or finding the perspective solutions.

In South African Law, sex work is currently mainly dealt with in terms of the Sexual Offences and Related Matters Act 32 of 2007, although other legislation, such as the Aliens Control Act 3 of 1993 also contains provisions that are peripherally relevant to sex work. In addition, municipal by-laws play an important role in the regulation of sex work, especially outdoor sex work. These by-laws are often aimed at addressing the more visible aspects of outdoor sex work. This dissertation aims to analyse the policing methods used by the police when policing sex work in Sunnyside, and whether the police have the ability and capacity to enforce current legislation in this regard. The enormous incidents of dehumanization and abuse of sex workers by the police who are supposed to enforce the Sexual Offences Act 32 of 2007 and the previous legislation on sex work questions whether the police should be given more or less powers in dealing with this crime. This dissertation aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of relevant literature in order to provide a background for the discussion on the origins of sex work and the different legal models for dealing with sex work. The study also endeavours to establish a frame of reference for considering different legal models to deal with sex work and to identify different policies and legal approaches to sex work, and to consider the impact of the current laws regulating sex workers and the harm that result from this. The dissertation aims to explore and describe the challenges that the police in Sunnyside experience, and also to analyse the difficulties that sex workers often encounter. The knowledge generated in this study will enhance the existing knowledge in the policing of sex work, and will also serve to educate the police, criminal justice institutions, and the community about the nature and extent of the problems that policing agencies experience when policing sex workers in Sunnyside.
Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)