Thematische Bibliographien / Prevention / Dissertationen
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Dissertationen zum Thema „Prevention“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 23. November 2024

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Forss, Norstedt Hampus, und Jasmine Effie Malmqvist. „Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212.

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The purpose for this qualitative study is to examine the crime prevention strategies against youth crime within non-state actors' work. As well as obtaining views of successes and challenges of this work in practice. Youth crime is a major area of interest within criminology, and in recent years much interest has been directed at problems that arise in the so-called vulnerable areas of Sweden, where young people are at risk of being drawn into crime. Information has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with nine people representing seven different organizations / associations. The actors work with young people in one way or another through sports activities, mentor programs or independent youth centers; and most actors are active in vulnerable areas. The results show that it seems important to have committed adults in order to engage and gain trust from the young people. Further strategies for activating the young people in prosocial activities is revealed, as well as to spread good attitudes among the youths. The findings are put within the framework of criminological theories in order to discuss

2021-01-13

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Drevfors, Yvonne, und Marita Steinwall. „Distriktssköterskans prevention - omfattning av prevention och dokumentation“. Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3455.

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Studies in Sweden have shown that the districtnurses had no time for health promotion. The Swedish government also indicate that there is a lack of health promotion and preventive care in Sweden.

The purpose of this study was to describe into which extent the districtnurses in the middle and southwest area of Region Skåne worked with preventive care in their profession and into which extent they documented their achievement.

The inquiry was answered by 45 districtnurses about background, present situation, preventive care, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention, health promotion and documentation.

Results of this study shows that the districtnurses worked mostly with tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention was followed by primary prevention. All the 45 districtnurses felt competitions of giving advices for directions of preventive care. Seven districtnurses did not document their preventive care.

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Lindbom, Magnus, und Patrik Nilsson. „Tobakskontroll prevention!“ Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26369.

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Syftet med föreliggande studien var att undersöka om sjuksköterskors egna rökvanor påverkar attityden till tobakspreventivt arbete på sjukhuset, både till tobakspreventivt arbete med patienterna och attityden till rökfritt sjukhus. Studien är empirisk och utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex sjuksköterskor på en vårdavdelning på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige. Data från intervjuerna analyserades och resulterade i sju olika teman: Preventiva rollen, Kunskap om prevention, Vem skall leda det preventiva arbetet, Rökkontroll, Utbildningsnivå och rökning, Sjuksköterskan, en förebild?, Vem ska hjälpa patienten vid rökstopp på sjukhuset?, Är det någon skillnad mellan icke rökande och rökande vad avser rökpreventionen?. Den preventiva rollen hamnade i fokus och skillnader fanns mellan rökande och icke rökande sjuksköterskor både vad gäller preventivt omvårdnasarbete och kontroll
The aim of the present study is to investigate whether nurses smoking habits influence their attitude to tobacco prevention in hospitals, both in their work with patients and regarding their attitude to hospital smoking bans. The following question was posed: is there a difference between smoking and non-smoking nurses in patient-care activities regarding smoking prevention and control? The study is qualitative, based on qualitative interviews with six nurses at a ward of a hospital in Sweden. Interview data were analyzed and eight themes emerged: the role in prevention work knowledge of prevention who is to lead prevention work smoking control smoking and education levels the nurse as a role model who is to help the patient give up smoking possible differences between nonsmoking and smoking nurses regarding smoking prevention. The role in prevention work turned out to be central. Smoking nurses had greater difficulties in connection with preventive work and control, due to their personal experience of how hard it can be to give up smoking habits.
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Heck, Patrick T. „Communicating prevention communication approaches in gender-based violence prevention programming /“. [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024668.

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Park, John Jinoh. „The Strategic Prevention Framework: Effectiveness of Substance Abuse Prevention System“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3914.

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The strategic prevention framework (SPF) is a data-driven operating system to assist designing evidence-based substance abuse prevention programs. The study performed here was to assess the effectiveness of the SPF as a prevention planning system. One purpose of this study was to determine the implementation fidelity of the programs that used the SPF process; the other purpose was to assess effectiveness of the SPF process. This study utilized a set of data collected by the national cross site evaluation team on all jurisdictions that implemented the SPF. A subset of communities collected and reported at least 2 pre-implementation and at least 2 post implementation outcomes data. The minimum sample size for the study was determined by using Cohen's d criteria. The assessments were performed using both qualitative and quantitative methods by using data collected from multiple levels with a quasi-experimental design. The qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative software with key word searches to examine implementation processes, and the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods such as Student t tests to examine and compare outcomes. Results show that the communities in the study implemented the SPF process with fidelity and that there were changes in desired directions. Factors related to improvements include sufficient internal resources and monitoring follow-through. This research has important implications for social change since substance abuse is a major social issue that has consequences across life span. Recent studies have shown that many behavioral problems have similar risk factors and that improvements for some behavioral problems will most likely have beneficial effects on other related problems.
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Engdahl, Birgitta, und Roslund Birgitta Laidler. „Höftskydd som prevention“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25688.

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Fallolyckor är ett stort patientsäkerhets- och samhällsekonomiskt problem. I Sverigedrabbas varje år cirka 18 000 personer av höftfraktur som leder till lidande för patientenoch stora kostnader för samhället. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskrivautfallet av att använda höftskydd som prevention. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där tolv vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde underlaget för resultatet.Resultatet som redovisas i tre kategorier är: effekter av höftskydd, följsamhet till att bära höftskydd och upplevelser av höftskydd. Risken för höftfraktur minskas vid fall om höftskydd används. Följsamheten till att använda höftskydd minskar över tid. Resultatetvisar även att både personal och patienter är överens om att en stor anledning till varförinte höftskydd används är att de anses vara obekväma. Sjuksköterskor bör genomutbildning få en ökad medvetenhet om höftskyddens effekt för att därmed kunna minskaantalet höftfrakturer. Forskning inom området för att öka följsamheten och görahöftskydden bekvämare är önskvärt för att kunna minska antalet höftfrakturer, ochdärigenom reducera lidandet och minska stora samhällskostnader för vård ochrehabilitering som en höftfraktur medför.
Falls is a major patient safety and socio- economic concern. In Sweden approximately 18 000 persons every year suffer a hip fracture which causes the person major suffering and cost forthe society. The aim of this literature study was to describe the outcome of using hipprotectors as prevention. A literature overview was carried out were twelve scientific articleswere the basis of the result. The result is presented in three categories: effect of hip protectors, compliance to the use of hip protectors and the experiences of hip protectors. The risk of contacting a hip fracture is reducing if the fall occurs when using hip protectors. Compliance to the use of hip protector decreases over time. The result showed that patient and staff both agreed that a large reason for not using hip protectors is that they are uncomfortable. Through education nurses need to increase their awareness about the effect of hip protectors and thereby decrease the amount of hip fractures. Further research to increase compliance and to make the hip protector more comfortable would be desirable to reduce the amount of hip fractures. This will not only reduce suffering for those who contract a hip fracture but also reduce society´s major cost for the care and rehabilitation of a hip fracture.
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Rabizadeh, Esmaeil. „Prevention av självmord“. Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2424.

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Missbruk av alkohol och droger kan leda till stora sociala och relationella problem. Dessa problem kan i sin tur bli svåra att hantera för den enskilde människan och de kan leda till att han eller hon tappar impulskontrollen och begår självmord. Det är därför angeläget att samhället satsar mer på dessa områden för att preventivt kunna minska antalet människor som begår självmord. Undersökningar bör även göras för att få klarhet i vilka förebyggande insatser som finns och hur dessa insatser kan minska antalet självmord. Syftet var att belysa interventioner och dess effekter för prevention av självmord hos människor i alla åldrar. Metoden var en forskningsöversikt. Artikelsökningarna gjordes i databaserna PubMed, PsycInfo och SveMed. Totalt inkluderades 15 vetenskapliga artiklar från PubMed och PsycInfo i resultatet. Resultatet visade att det fanns olika hjälpmedel för att förhindra ett självmord, t ex genom att installera blå ljus i tågstationer eller att använda mobilbaserad psykoterapi. Vidare kunde självmord förhindras genom ett stabilt social nätverk av nära och kära, samhället, särskilda utbildningsprogram, mentalhälsovården och gatekeeper som t.ex. lärare, polis, politiker. För att förebygga självmord var det viktigt med information om vart en person som upplevde ensamhet eller nedstämdhet kunde vända sig. Vidare framkom det att det krävdes förebyggande åtgärder i form av utbildning av anhöriga och personal samt, adekvat diagnostik och rätt bedömning och lämplig behandling. Vid akuta krissituationer, akut självmordskris var det viktigt att ett ingripande påbörjades omedelbart för att hålla patienten vid liv. Ett säkert hem och offentliga sjukhusmiljöer var en viktig strategi vid självmordsprevention. Slutsatsen var att det går att förhindra självmord genom att införa självmordspreventionsprogram för till exempel skolan, universitetet, poliser, soldater och övriga utsatta grupper i samhället. Genom att lyssna till anhöriga och nära vänner samt skapa ett fungerande nätverk för självmordsbenägna patienter kan antalet människor som begår självmord minska.
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Malkus, Amy J. „Relapse Prevention Manual“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4700.

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Chen, Jiunn-charn. „Prevention of epidemics /“. The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691095848.

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NICOLAS, LAURENCE. „Prevention et societe“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20096.

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Longshore, David M. N. „The principles of prevention and the development of the prevention triangle model for the evaluation of terrorism prevention“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FLongshore.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Defense and Security))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69). Also available online.
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Meehan, Michael K. „The tools of prevention building prevention and deterrence into exercise programs /“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA486358.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2006." "Change in distribution statement for Tools of Prevention: Building Prevention and Deterrence into Exercise Programs -- September 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 17, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119). Also available in print.
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Walker, Steven Trent. „Strategies of prevention extending the concept of preventive war and understanding its implications /“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5948.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 311 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 282-288).
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Neumann, Anne. „Prevention of type 2 diabetes : modeling the cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123553.

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Background: Diabetes is a common and costly disease that is expected to continue even to grow in prevalence and health expenditures over the coming decades. Type 2 diabetes is the most common diabetes type and is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes develops over a long period and is often undetected over years. During this time, people almost always first develop any of the pre-diabetic states, i.e. impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or a combination of both (IFG&IGT). This thesis focuses on type 2 diabetes only. In the following, the term diabetes is used to refer to type 2 diabetes only. Diabetes is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. While those are not the only factors contributing to the development and maintenance of diabetes, several studies have shown that prevention of diabetes among individuals at high risk through lifestyle change is possible, effective and cost-effective, especially targeting diet and exercise to reduce weight. No previous study had, however, estimated the cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention strategies from a population-based perspective including healthy individuals and also considered IFG and IGT as two distinct pre-diabetic states. Objective: The overall objective of this thesis was to establish, describe and evaluate a model that can assess the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention programs to prevent diabetes. Methods: First, a Markov Model was established using data from the literature. The cost of a German diabetes prevention program was estimated. Second, risk equations for change to worsened glucose states were estimated using factor analysis and logistic regression based on consecutive data from the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP). The risk equations described transition probabilities in the final model and were based on several risk factors such as age, sex, physical activity and smoking status. Third, information on the Short-Form 36 questionnaire from the VIP population was transformed into Short-Form 6D. Health utility weights (HUW) by glucose group and four risk factors were estimated using beta regression. Fourth, an updated Markov model was established using an updated model structure compared to the one in Paper I, program costs of Paper I, risk equations of Paper II, health utility weights of Paper III and updated cost and mortality estimates. Results: The first model in Paper I showed that lifestyle intervention programs have the potential to be cost-effective with a high degree of uncertainty. The risk equations in Paper II indicated that the impact of each risk factor depended on the starting and ending pre-diabetes state, where high levels of triglyceride, hypertension, and high body mass index were the strongest risk factors to transit to a worsened glucose state. The overall mean HUW in Paper III was 0.764 with healthy individuals having the highest HUW, those with diabetes the lowest and those in pre-diabetic states ranging in between. The intervention described in Paper IV was cost-effective for all sex and age scenarios ranging from 3,833 EUR/QALY gained (women, 30 years) to 9,215 EUR/QALY gained (men, 70 years). The probability that the intervention is cost-effective was high (85.0-91.1%). Conclusion: We established a model that can estimate the cost-effectiveness of different scenarios of initiatives to prevent diabetes. The prevention or the delay of the onset of diabetes is feasible and cost-effective. A small investment in a healthy lifestyle with the change in physical activity and diet together with weight loss can have a decent, cost-effective result. The full range of possibilities this model offers has not been evaluated so far. We have, however, shown that implementing a lifestyle intervention program like the Västerbotten Intervention Programme would be cost-effective.
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Garvey, Jacqueline Marie. „Prevention in the prairies: tobacco prevention and sodium reduction initiatives in Kansas“. Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15082.

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Master of Public Health
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
David G. Renter
As a Governor’s Internship award winner, I had the pleasure of working as an epidemiologist intern in the chronic disease program within the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Bureau of Health Promotion (KDHE). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) awards millions of dollars each year in grants to health departments across the country and KDHE was among the top recipients of grants this past year. Specifically, I was involved with two grants given to the chronic disease program to address the major issues of tobacco use and levels of sodium in diets. Tobacco is a leading cause of death and illness in this country and efforts need to be made in reducing this reality. Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the U.S. and is directly related to sodium levels. The main CDC funded project I assisted with was a chronic disease risk reduction grant regarding tobacco prevention and cessation among all age groups across the state. This project was a statewide initiative allowing each county or group of counties to propose their own programs to reduce tobacco use. It was composed of three stages: planning, capacity building, and sustainability and maintenance. For each stage, grantees proposed programs within their own communities to prevent and reduce tobacco use. The second CDC funded project I assisted with was an observational study of sodium intake in Shawnee County, Kansas. This project produced baseline data of sodium consumption patterns in the county. The study was composed of a telephone questionnaire, a 24-hour dietary recall, and ending with educating the participants of sodium amounts. As an epidemiologist intern, I evaluated data, compiled research information, and interacted with counties regarding initiatives. Both projects allowed me to use, in a state government setting, the skills and techniques I have learned in the MPH program. These public health issues are impacting the health of Kansans, and state and local health departments are utilizing these programs to increase public awareness and decrease illness.
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Leifman, Håkan. „Perspectives on alcohol prevention“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-82852.

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Ödegård, Synnöve. „Säker Vårdpatientskador, rapporteringoch prevention“. Doctoral thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3408.

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Syfte. Avhandlingen syftar till att bidra med ökad kunskap om faktorer som kan antas påverka patientsäkerheten dels på system-, dels på individnivå. Metod.Det nationella rapporteringssystemet Lex Maria analyserades före och efter Socialstyrelsens regionalisering av tillsynsorganisationen 1990/91. I en av de två studierna analyserades särskilt ärenden som överförts till HSAN för prövning av disciplinär påföljd. I tre empiriska studier analyserades kompletterande metoder till rapportering för att få information om risker i hälso- och sjukvården. Personal har intervjuats om deras uppfattning av potentiella risker som skulle kunna hota patienternas säkerhet. Vårdbiträdens och undersköterskors kunskaper om diabetes undersöktes i en enkätstudie. Eventuella samband mellan vårdbiträdens och undersköterskors kunskapsnivå och medicinskt ansvariga sjuksköterskors uppfattning om säkerhetsrelaterade frågor undersöktes i en uppföljande enkätstudie. I en kvalitativ studie undersöktes flygets metoder för säkerhetsrelaterat arbete vilket jämfördes med motsvarande arbete inom hälso- och sjukvården. Resultat.Lex Maria-rapporteringen ökade efter regionaliseringen av tillsyns-verksamheten och en minskad andel ärenden överfördes till HSAN för disciplinär prövning. De kompletterande metoder för att identifiera risker som undersökts visade sig vara värdefulla tillägg till traditionell rapportering. Intervjuerna inom barnsjukvården uppvisade en annan riskbild än den som fås genom rapporteringssystemet Lex Maria. Enkäten till vårdbiträden och undersköterskor visade ett tydligt samband mellan bristande kunskap om diabetes och en ökad risk att vidta en riskfylld åtgärd. Studien indikerade brister på systemnivå, vilket bekräftades av resultaten från enkätstudien till medicinskt ansvariga sjuksköterskor i motsvarande kommuner. Studien visade på behovet av ökad uppmärksamhet på hur sjukvårdens stödsystem påverkar yrkesutövarna i frontlinjen. Jämförelsen mellan flyget och hälso- och sjukvården visade att flyget hade ett mera proaktivt och bredare förhållningssätt till säkerhet än vad hälso- och sjukvården uppvisade. Slutsatser. Studien har visat att yrkesutövare som befinner sig i frontlinjen och möter den enskilde vårdtagaren är särskilt sårbara när hälso- och sjukvårdens stödsystem uppvisar brister. Förebyggande säkerhetsanalyser som komplement till rapportering visade sig ge värdefull information för det förebyggande säkerhetsarbetet. En sammanhållen strategi baserad på aktuell säkerhetsforskning kan bidra till att utveckla hälso- och sjukvårdens säkerhetsarbete. Nyckelord: Patientsäkerhet, rapportering, prevention, händelseanalys, säkerhetsanalys, Lex Maria, ansvarsärenden, disciplinära åtgärder
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Pastor, Pierre. „Communication projective et prevention“. Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30041.

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Nous etudions l'impact de communication d'un lieu de prevention contre le cancer : l'espace epidaure a val d'aurelle (montpellier, france) qui accueille un large public, dont l'essentiel est constitue d'enfants. Le principe de ce centre est l'education precoce a la prevention sante. En observant, sur trois ans, deux groupes de 50 enfants : un groupe d'enfants visiteurs, et un groupe temoin, nous avons voulu savoir si la situation de communication vecue, changeait le systeme de pertinence et les attitudes qui sous-tendent les comportements des enfants visiteurs en matiere de sante, et de prevention du cancer. Nous analysons les situations de communication de l'espace epidaure, en utilisant : la recherche des elements situationnels inducteurs (methode proposee par alex mucchielli) et les concepts systemiques de l'ecole de palo alto. Pour l'approche du systeme de pertinence et des attitudes sous-jacentes aux comportements, la voie choisie a ete celle de la communication projective. Nous montrons qu'une visite de deux heures, dans cet espace, permet a 70% du groupe "visiteurs", la restitution des messages-clefs, trois ans apres; mais leur niveau de conscience en matiere de sante n'est pas plus eleve. Le passage des messages preventifs dans les comportements est tres faible et subit une erosion due a la pression ambiante. Les systemes de pertinence des eleves visiteurs ne varient pas dans le sens d'une plus grande attention au probleme de prevention du cancer
We are studying the communications impact of a place where cancer is prevented : espace epidaure in val d'aurelle (montpellier, france), that welcomes a general public, mainly children. The principle of this center is early education in order to prevent health. During three years, we observed two groups of fifty children : a visitor group and a witness group, we wanted to know if the situation of real communication changed the significance system and the attitudes that imply the children's behaviour towards health and prvention of cancer. We analyse the situations of communications in epidaure espace using : research of situational inductives elements (from alex mucchielli method) and the systemics concepts of palo alto school. For the approach of the significance system and attitudes that imply the children behaviour, we chose the projective communication. We show that a two-hour visit in this space permits 70% of the visitors group to give the key messages back, three years later. But their level of conciousness about health does not improve. On the other hand, the passage from preventing messages to behaviours is weak because of an erosion due to surrounding pressure. The system of sifnificance of pupils visitors don't vary towards a fuller attention to the problem of prevention of cancer
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Сукач, Р. Ю., und М. М. Р. Мних. „Prevention of forest fires“. Thesis, Львівський державний університет безпеки життєдіяльності. ХVІ Міжнародна науково-практична конференція молодих вчених, курсантів та студентів “Проблеми та перспективи розвитку забезпечення безпеки життєдіяльності”. ст. 171-172. м. Львів 2021 р, 2021. http://sci.ldubgd.edu.ua:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/9059.

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Stenholm, Annica, und Annika Lundberg. „Prevention av kateterrelaterad urinvägsinfektion“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24271.

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Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka sjuksköterskans preventiva åtgärder för kateterrelaterad urinvägsinfektion. Studien baseras på Goodmans sju steg för systematisk litteraturstudie. Totalt tio vetenskapliga artiklar med varierande kvalitet inkluderades. Artiklarnas söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed och kvalitetsgranskades utifrån ett modifierat granskningsprotokoll. Resultatet visar på en minskning av incidensen av kateterrelaterad urinvägs¬infektion vid utförandet av preventiva åtgärder så som; handtvätt och korrekt fästning av kateterslangen, användning av intermittent och silverbelagd kateter, påminnelseprocedurer om onödiga katetrar och kontroll av kateterdurationen. En mer heltäckande studie angående dessa åtgärder behövs för att dess evidensgrad ska kunna fastställas.
The aim of this literature review was to investigate the nurse preventive measures for catheterrelated urinary tract infection. The study is based on Goodman's seven steps for a systematic literature review. A total of ten scientific articles with varying quality were included. The articles were found in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The quality of the articles was determined by using a modified quality protocol. The result shows a reduction in the incidence of catheter-related urinary tract infection in carrying out preventive measures such as; handwash and proper fixation of catheter tubing, the use of intermittent and silver-coated catheter, a reminder procedure of unnecessary use of catheters and control of the duration of the catheterization. A more comprehensive study on these measures is needed to be able to determine their degree of evidence.
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Schomacker, Travis. „Prevention of Ankle Sprains“. Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1594309347027123.

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LESAGE, JEAN-FERNAND. „Prevention d'une catastrophe potentielle“. Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M038.

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NAVEAU, FLORIAN. „Suicide inaugural et prevention“. Angers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ANGE1076.

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Lindberg, Sabina, und Victoria Stjernen. „Barn med övervikt och fetma : en litteraturöversikt om prevention - en litteraturöversikt om prevention“. Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8251.

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Graffunder, Corinne Meltzer Weiner Bryan J. „Strengthening the prevention support system in CDC's Rape Prevention and Education RPE program“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2093.

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Thesis (DrPH)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Health in the Department of Public Health." Discipline: Public Health; Department/School: Public Health.
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Dobbins, Kevin James. „Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design and Burglary Prevention: A Systematic Social Observation Approach“. OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2568.

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Rossiter, Anna Louise. „Preventing falls in older adults : understanding postural instability to improve fall assessment and prevention“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6352/.

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Falls in older adults are a serious and increasing problem for the NHS. Due to their multifactorial causes falls are difficult to prevent but research suggests that assessment and early interventions of those at risk of falling can help reduce fall frequency and consequently alleviate the health service burden and improve quality of life for older adults. The overall objective of this work was to investigate postural stability in persons over the age of 65 years to understand why this age group are susceptible to falls. Three main research aims were pursued (i) establish the scale of the issue of falls in older adults; (ii) develop an assessment system to measure postural stability; (iii) determine the conditions that compromise postural stability and assess awareness of this compromised stability. Firstly the existing literature was reviewed and a large scale analysis of accident reports from a sample of UK care homes was carried out. The results showed that falls are a serious issue for older adults residing in care homes, but also that accident reports are not necessarily reliable and some institutions may underreport falls. Pilot work in the early stages of the research process developed an accurate and reliable system to measure levels of postural stability. A Wii balance board was interfaced with a computer based kinematic assessment tool to measure postural stability whilst carrying out a variety of computerised secondary tasks. This assessment system was then used to fulfil the final research aim of investigating postural stability in older adults when loaded with various secondary tasks. Older adults’ postural stability was found to be compromised when undertaking a concurrent visuomotor task, but critically the results showed that this group were unaware of this compromise. The implications of these findings are discussed and further research directions are suggested.
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Bue, Martine Eriksen. „Women's vulnerability, sexual power and prevention of stigma : what do prevention campaigns tell us“. Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86385.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV-epidemic that is evident in South Africa today is infecting more women than men. This is mostly due to the vulnerability that women are facing in sexual relationships, where they are not able to negotiate the terms and conditions of their sexual engagement. Patriarchy, the culture of masculinity and a general male dominance influence women’s dependency on their man and agency inside and outside of the home, and contribute to the oppression of women both generally in society and sexually. Women have by this not the control over their own bodies and are for this reason in a high-risk position of contracting HIV. The vulnerability is further linked to the stigmatisation that women experience if they do try to negotiate preventative measures to reduce the risk of transmission. The fear of being stigmatised as ‘loose’ or HIV-positive by both men and women if suggesting condom use, inhibits women to propose the necessary actions for protection. Stigmatising behaviours also impact on a person’s fear of becoming HIV-positive and reduces the likelihood of getting tested, disclose one’s status to sexual partners and receive treatment. This thesis examines cultural and socio-economic issues that contribute to gender inequality in South Africa, and can generate stigma towards women on the basis of HIV and AIDS. This is done by using radical feminism as the theoretical framework for contextualising how women are situated in the South African society, in terms of general and sexual agency. Through the method of content analysis and the findings from the theoretical framework, the thesis further analyses how the three HIVprevention campaigns loveLife, Brothers for Life and TAC manage to address the issues related to stigma based on HIV/AIDS, which are directed towards women. Race, class and gender are all factors that influence the likelihood of becoming HIV-infected and of becoming stigmatised. Women’s low social status situates women in a position where they are more probable to be the object of stigmatisation since they already are considered lower in rank. If the women also are of colour, poor and low educated the chances of becoming stigmatised on the basis of HIV and AIDS are even more likely, the same is the chances of becoming HIV-infected. This indicates that poor, uneducated black women are the group that is most vulnerable towards stigmatisation as well as towards HIV-transmission. Socio-economic and cultural factors have a strong influence on the gender inequality in sexual relationships found in South Africa, which cause HIV to spread and can generate stigmatising behaviours. Stigmatisation on the basis of HIV/AIDS is therefore important to address in order to reduce the number of new HIV-infections. The three campaigns analysed for this thesis did neither directly address stigma on a general level nor directed towards women. The campaigns are therefore considered to be missing an important feature of HIV-prevention in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse Vigsepidemie infekteer meer vroue as mans. Dit is die geval weens die kwesbaarheid wat vroue ervaar in seksuele verhoudings, waar vroue nie die mag het om die omstandighede van hul seksuele interaksies te onderhandel nie. Patriargie, die kultuur van manlikheid en ‘n algemene manlike dominansie beïnvloed vroue se mag en dra by tot die onderdrukking van vroue, beide in die samelewing in die algemeen en in seksuele verhoudings. Om hierdie rede het vroue nie beheer oor hul eie liggame nie en daarom ervaar hulle ‘n hoë risiko om MIV op te doen. Hierdie kwesbaarheid word ook verbind aan die stigmatisering wat vroue ervaar wanneer hulle probeer om voorkomende aksie te neem ten einde die risiko van Vigsoordrag te verminder. Die vrees om deur mans en ander vroue gestigmatiseer te word as iemand met ‘losse sedes’, of as iemand wat MIV-positief is wanneer hulle kondoomgebruik voorstel, weerhou vroue daarvan om die nodige voorkomende aksie vir selfbeskerming te neem. Stigmatiserende gedrag het ook ‘n impak op ‘n mens se vrees om MIV-positief te word en verminder die waarskynliheid dat jy jouself vir die virus sal laat toets, dat iemand hul status aan seksuele maats sal verklaar, of behandeling sal ontvang. Diegene wat reeds MIV onder lede het is bang om hul status te verklaar weens die gepaardgaande stigma. Hierdie tesis ondersoek kulturele en sosio-ekonomiese kwessies wat bydra tot geslagsongelykheid in Suid-Afrika, en wat stigma kan veroorsaak teenoor vroue met betrekking tot MIV and Vigs. Die studie analiseer dan of Vigsveldtogte hierdie stigma kan aanspreek. Dit word gedoen deur radikale feminisme toe te pas as ‘n teoretiese raamwerk om vroue se plek in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing te kontekstualiseer, beide in terme van algemene en seksuele mag. Die metode van inhoudsanalise word toegepas om drie Vigsvoorkomingsveldtogte (loveLife, Brothers for Life en TAC) te analiseer en vas te stel of en hoe hulle kwessies wat betrekking het op stigma teenoor vroue aanspreek. Sosio-ekonomiese en kulturele faktore het ‘n sterk invloed op die geslagsongelykeid in seksuele verhoudings in Suid-Afrika; dit lei daartoe dat MIV versprei word en kan stigmatiserende gedrag vererger. Om hierdie rede is dit belangrik dat MIV/Vigsvoorkomingsveldtogte stigmatisering aanspreek ten einde gedrag te wysig en om die getal nuwe Vigsbesmettings te laat daal. Die drie veldtogte wat in hierdie tesis geanaliseer is het beide nagelaat om stigma direk aan te spreek op ‘n algemene vlak, en was ook nie direk gerig op vroue nie. Die veldtogte kan daarom beskou word as ontoereikend deurdat hulle belangrike komponente van MIV-voorkomig in Suid-Afrika misgekyk het.
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Vilches, Silvia L., Beth S. McDaniel, Haley Sherman, Brianna Burks, Allie Merritt, Terra Jackson und Synithia W. Flowers. „Engaging with a Prevention Approach: System Supports Needed in Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/13.

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Public policy has been shifting from child abuse and neglect (CAN) intervention toward prevention, using public health style frameworks, which emphasize shared community and legislative responsibilities to support families (Browne, 2014; CDC, 2014). Analysis of qualitative data from statewide focus groups held in 2019 in Alabama with 99 community-based CAN prevention workers shows strengths in community collaboration, but also, struggles to help families meet basic needs because of lack of community resources, such as transportation and quality child care, and other barriers, including stigma. The results demonstrate confusion between prevention, which is intended to build family resilience to avert crisis, and intervention, meant to reunite families after child protection services involvement. We recommend researchers consistently link CAN research to prevention frameworks so as to build meaningful understanding how to create better prevention programs. Future practitioners should understand prevention, and be prepared to document their work so as to demonstrate need.
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Parrish, Candace P. „EXPLORING VISUAL PREVENTION: DEVELOPING INFOGRAPHICS AS EFFECTIVE CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4455.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the creation of a cervical cancer health prevention infographic, geared toward African American women ages 30 to 65, to be potentially used to raise health literacy and influence positive behaviors towards practicing prevention measures—ultimately preventing unnecessary deaths. This dissertation also produced a cervical cancer health prevention infographic prototype for African American Women ages 30 to 65 to be further tested and implemented within future health communication campaigns. Cervical Cancer is both preventable and treatable (if diagnosed during early stages); therefore the amount of individuals dying from the cancer should be minimal. Still, African American Women in this study’s target health population are dying from Cervical Cancer the most. Existing research highlights that social determinants of health (like income, education and literacy) play varying roles as barriers to prevention (Baldwin, 1996; J. L. Davis et al., 2013; Egbert & Parrott, 2001; Ford et al., 2013; McKinnon, Harper, & Moore, 2011; Sung, Alema-Mensah, & Blumenthal, 2002; Williams & Templin, 2013). . This dissertation specifically focuses on targeting the potential to increase health literacy on Cervical Cancer to potentially positively influence prevention uptake. Drawing upon fields like health communication, visual communication and social science research, this research endeavor presents an interdisciplinary approach to potentially solving health communication issue within an at-risk population. The theoretical framework in guiding infographic production for this dissertation was the Health Belief Model, which is widely used in health communication research to assess failure of prevention uptake (du Pré, 2014; Glanz et al., 2005; Maibach & Parrott, 1995; Rosenstock, 2000). The Health Belief Model in conjunction with existing literature regarding health literacy, cultural stigma and relevance in communication campaigns geared toward African American Women ages 30 to 65, infographic content was created and presented to study participants via six interactive focus groups. The focus group methodology of qualitative research allowed for 17 study participants to confidentially engage in dialogue with peers concerning the issue at hand while also helping to create the content hierarchy, enhance and suggest visuals, colors and themes of the proposed infographic. Iterative data analysis approaches allow for constant assessment of study outcomes and themes. This study produces theoretical, practical and methodological implications for future research on the lacking area of scholarly literature. Findings from this dissertation suggest a need to (1) test the proposed infographic for potential national health campaign usage, (2) a need for more long-term collaborative community efforts for continual population access in research on Cervical Cancer prevention, and (3) future assessment of a newer form of focus group research that focuses on incorporation smaller participant groups for increased hands-on interactivity.
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Ruppar, Carrie Aliene. „Identity theft prevention in CyberCIEGE“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FRuppar.pdf.

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Aguilar-Oddershede, Soledad. „Crime Prevention in the EU“. Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-429.

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Crime prevention became an important Union issue when the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force and created an area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). In 1999 the Tampere Conclusions declared the first crime preventive priorities along with the Union’s obligation to protect its citizens. Two years later the European Crime Prevention Network (EUCPN) was established and it was then stated that crime prevention should be based on knowledge and carried out through cooperation and an increased inter-state exchange of information. The Member States have the main responsibility and the work should be carried out by a multidisciplinary approach specialising on certain selected priorities. Successful practices need to be exchanged within the network and evaluation of the preventive work must be done. Despite these and other guidelines, crime preventive work has proven to be problematic. The practical problems are that proven theories are not used in the actual work, the lack of resources and evaluation methods, and too broad priorities which reflects the politicians’ unrealistic ambitions. The theoretical problems, in contrast, are the increased importance for security that collides with basic human rights and the concept of freedom, the lack of consideration for the States’ differences and the idea that States’ providence of security is a source of legitimacy.

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Drysdale, Robyn L., und n/a. „Parents as partners in prevention“. University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060705.154625.

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Parents play a central role in their children's education and social development and therefore can be extremely influential in children's attitudes, decisions and behaviour towards drugs. Despite this, there has been limited research to date which explores the parents' perspective and their needs in the area of drug education. This thesis reports on research which surveyed 92 parents of secondary students (Years 7-10) across ten secondary schools in the Australian Capital Territory. Two follow up focus group sessions, involving fourteen parents of secondary students, were also conducted with self-nominated parents of these respondents. The issues explored in the research include parents' concerns and knowledge of young people and drug issues, and their needs for a drug education program aimed at parents. The results show that parents see their role in drug education as a central one and are concerned about drugs in relation to their children and other young people. They are largely unaware of school drug policies and school drug education programs and want to work in closer partnership with the school and community in educating their children about drug issues. Parents identified a need for accurate and up to date information as they do not have sufficient knowledge in this area. Parents also identified a need to develop skills in dealing with adolescents and drug issues. This study provides insight into a range of parents' views on drug issues and confirms that parents would like to develop both knowledge and skills in order to support young people and reinforce school drug education programs. A number of implications of the results for the involvement of parents in drug education programs are presented, including: parent needs, strategies for delivery/ implementation and motivating factors for encouraging parental participation in such programs.
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Vries, Hein de. „Smoking prevention in Dutch adolescents“. Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5558.

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Graff, Robert J. „HIV prevention in Dallas, Texas“. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3196537.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.
Title from PDF title page (viewed July 5, 2007). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-11, Section: A, page: 4075. Adviser: Carolyn Sargent. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ayella, Allan K. „Wheat lignans and cancer prevention“. Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/335.

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Lindgren, Peter. „Modeling the economics of prevention /“. Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-352-3/.

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Blakytny, Robert. „Experimental cataract and its prevention“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333181.

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Hekimoglu, Tayfun. „Adolescent pregnancy| Factors and prevention“. Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585952.

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In the United States the high rate of adolescent pregnancy is a cause for a concern. Previous research indicates that infants born to adolescent parents have negative social outcomes and are prone to repeat the cycle. For this reason, it is necessary and important to lower the adolescent pregnancy rates. The study examines factors that influence adolescent pregnancy and respondents' age when the first child was born (i.e., teenage pregnancy), consumption of alcohol, and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing. The 2005 CHIS adult data set was used for the analysis; the sample used included only women less than 20 years of age at the time of interview (N = 390). There were no statistically significant findings, probably due to the small sample size.

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Boman, Jens. „Prevention of Chlamydia trachomatis infections“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Dermatologi och venereologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-84043.

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Urogenital chlamydia infection, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in Sweden. In 2008 it was estimated by WHO that there were 105.7 million new cases of CT worldwide, an increase by 4.2 million cases (4.1%) compared to 2005. If untreated, CT infections can progress to serious reproductive health problems, especially in women. These complications include subfertility/infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pain. The CT infection is often asymptomatic and reliable diagnostic methods and contact tracing are important tools for identifying infected individuals. CT infection is classified in the Swedish Communicable Diseases Act as a serious disease; consequently, written reporting and contact tracing are compulsory. Previous or ongoing CT infection is not uncommon in infertile couples, especially in women with tubal factor infertility (TFI). We have tested 244 infertile couples for CT antibodies, and CT IgG positive couples were tested for CT DNA in urine. The prevalence of CT antibodies was higher in infertile men and women, and ongoing CT infection was common. Our results support a role of CT in infertility and underscore the importance of prevention of CT infection. Contact tracing was studied during using questionnaires. A total of 544 questionnaires was sent to tracers in a Swedish county and 534 (98%) were completed. Centralized contact tracing performed by experienced tracers is effective; on average 65% of sexual contacts found by contact tracing are CT-infected. Our data show that it is worthwhile to extend the tracing period beyond 6 months as 30% of reported sexual contacts between months 7-12 were CT-infected. Contact tracing may be performed face-to-face at the clinic or by telephone. Because of the severe consequences of CT infection there is a need for useful methods for both primary and secondary prevention of CT and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An important sub-population for CT/STI-prevention is the “core group”, i.e. a subpopulation with high incidence of STIs combined with risky sexual behaviours. This subpopulation contributes particularly to the spread of STIs in the population. Therefore, we have developed and evaluated a brief standardised but flexible manual-based single-session intervention based on motivational interviewing (MI) for the reduction of high risk sexual behaviour. Women (n=105) and men (n=119) at high risk of contracting CT infection were randomly eighter offered brief MI counselling or standard care. Our findings support the effectiveness of brief MI-based counselling in reducing high-risk sexual behaviour and incident CT infection in women (p<0.01) but not in men. Our results suggest that gender aspects need to be considered and that men and women should be treated differently for achieving maximal risk-reduction. Whereas it might be sufficient to include information and motivation when performing risk-reducing counselling on women, counsellors may also add other components, such as behavioural skills and booster sessions, when counselling is performed on men.
Klamydiainfektion orsakas av Chlamydia trachomatis och är den vanligaste sexuellt överförda bakterieinfektionen. WHO har uppskattat att det år 2008 var 105,7 miljoner nya fall av klamydia i världen, en ökning med 4,2 miljoner fall (4,1 %) jämfört med år 2005. Klamydiainfektion är ett folkhälsoproblem och klassificeras i den svenska smittskyddslagen som en allmänfarlig sjukdom varför det är obligatoriskt att smittspåra och göra en skriftlig anmälan till smittskyddsläkaren och Smittskyddsinstitutet. Klamydiainfektionen ger oftast inga symtom och tillförlitliga diagnostiska metoder och smittspårning är viktiga ”redskap” för att hitta smittade personer. Om klamydiainfektionen inte behandlas kan den leda till allvarliga hälsoproblem, speciellt hos kvinnor. Bland komplikationer efter klamydiainfektion ingår ofrivillig barnlöshet, utomkvedshavandeskap och kronisk buksmärta. Tecken på tidigare eller pågående klamydiainfektion är vanliga hos ofrivilligt barnlösa par, speciellt hos kvinnor med skadade äggledare som orsak till barnlösheten. Våra resultat ger stöd för betydelsen av klamydia vid ofrivillig barnlöshet och understryker vikten av förebyggande åtgärder mot klamydia samt klamydiaprovtagning av både män och kvinnor vid utredning av ofrivillig barnlöshet. Centraliserad klamydiasmittspårning utförd av erfarna smittspårare är effektiv och i genomsnitt är 65 % av spårade sexuella kontakter klamydiasmittade. Våra data visar att det lönar sig att förlänga smittspårningsperioden från 6 till 12 månader eftersom betydligt fler klamydiasmittade kontakter då hittas. Den så kallade ”Västerbottensmodellen” med en smittspårningsperiod på 12 månader rekommenderas nu av Socialstyrelsen. Kontaktspårning kan utföras antingen på mottagningen eller per telefon. På grund av risk för allvarliga konsekvenser av klamydia finns det behov av metoder för att förebygga klamydiasmitta. En viktig grupp för prevention är den så kallade ”kärngruppen", alltså de personer som har en hög förekomst av klamydia och andra sexuellt överförda infektioner i kombination med sexuellt riskbeteende. Denna grupp bidrar särskilt till spridningen av sexuellt överförda infektioner bland befolkningen. Därför har vi utvecklat och utvärderat en kort samtalsmetod som bygger på metoden motiverande samtal (MI, motivational interviewing) för att minska sexuellt risktagande. Våra fynd visar att kort MI-baserad rådgivning för att minska sexuellt riskbeteende och klamydiainfektion fungerar bra på kvinnor men inte lika bra på män. Resultaten tyder på att genusaspekter måste beaktas och att kvinnor och män ska behandlas på olika sätt för att uppnå maximal riskminskning. Det kan vara tillräckligt att fokusera på information och motivation vid rådgivning av kvinnor men för rådgivning av män kan man behöva komplettera med beteendemässiga färdigheter och/eller upprepad MI-baserad rådgivning för att nå god effekt.
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Choy, Wai-tim Felix, und 蔡偉添. „Information technology in pollution prevention“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576015.

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Higgins, Donna L. „Social capital and HIV prevention“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360543.

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Rhodes, Michael. „Aspirin, mucus and gallstone prevention“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309074.

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Litton, Roger Anthony. „Crime, crime prevention and insurance“. Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262150.

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Nowers, Michael. „Violent suicide : pathways to prevention“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393881.

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Cal, Patricia. „Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundle“. ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1674.

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in critically ill patients; it can prolong intubation, increase intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and increase mortality to twice the level of patients who do not develop VAP. The purpose of this project was to determine the effect of an evidence-based educational program to prevent VAP on ICU nurses' actual and documented practices for preventing VAP. The research questions addressed whether an educational program focused on VAP prevention will affect critical care nurses' compliance with a VAP prevention bundle, and whether the education will result in maintenance of a rate of zero cases of VAP per 1000 ventilator days. Data will be collected from all ICU patients intubated more than 24 hours and will include: (a) the frequency of oral care, (b) head-of-bed elevation of 30â??45 degrees, (c) daily sedation vacation, (d) assessment of readiness for extubation, and (e) whether prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis and for peptic ulcer disease was ordered. Observations of care will verify the accuracy of nurses' documentation in the medical record. A survey will assess nurse satisfaction with the educational program. Paired t tests will be used to compare the compliance of the nurses with each element of oral care and hygiene practices before and after the intervention. Analysis of variance will be calculated on the mean duration of ventilation, mean ICU and hospital length of stay, mortality before discharge, patient acuity, and rates of VAP per 1000 ventilator days. The goal of this project is a compliance rate of 90% or greater with the elements of the VAP prevention bundle, leading to decreased ventilator and ICU days, decreased morbidity, decreased mortality, and lower emotional distress. Positive social change will be accomplished through an immediate improvement in the lives of VAP-prone individuals.
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47

Själander, Sara. „Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124951.

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Background: The Framingham Study from 1991 showed a clear correlation between atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke, where patients with AF had an almost fivefold increase in risk of stroke compared with patients without AF. Since then, several trials have evaluated different antithrombotic treatments to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with AF. Other trials have investigated factors that increase the risk of stroke in patients with AF and risk score systems have been developed to categorize patients into low or increased risk of stroke to help clinicians to decide which patients benefit from antithrombotic treatment and in whom it can be abstained, not to expose patients with low stroke risk to an increased risk of bleeding conferred by antithrombotic treatment. The aims of this thesis were: [1] to evaluate if a warfarin dosing algorithm can increase hit rate and decrease mean error compared with manually changed doses; [2] to assess the prevalence and net clinical benefit of aspirin as monotherapy for stroke prevention in AF; [3] to investigate the risk of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications within 30 days after electrical cardioversion (ECV) of AF in patients with and without oral anticoagulation (OAC) pre-treatment; and [4] to assess the proportion of patients discontinuing OAC after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), identify factors predicting stroke after PVI and to investigate risk of complications after PVI with and without OAC. Materials and methods: All studies are retrospective and based on data from Swedish national quality registries. In paper I, data from Auricula was used to compare the resulting INR values after algorithmic warfarin dose suggestions and manually changed doses. In paper II data was extracted from the Swedish National Patient Register, the Dispensed Drugs Register and the Cause of Death Register. Patients with aspirin treatment were compared with patients without any antithrombotic treatment regarding risk of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications. In paper III data was collected from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Dispensed Drugs Register to examine risk of complications (thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events) within 30 days after cardioversion, comparing patients with and without oral anticoagulation pre-treatment. In paper IV data from six different Swedish national quality registries were used (Swedish Catheter Ablation Register, Auricula, Swedish National Patient Register, Dispensed Drugs Register, Cause of Death Register and Riksstroke). Patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) were investigated for adherence to guidelines regarding oral anticoagulation, predictors for stroke after PVI, as well as risk of ischemic stroke or intracranial haemorrhage after PVI in patients with and without treatment. Results: Paper I showed that a computerized dosing algorithm for warfarin in most cases perform as well or better compared with doses that have been changed manually, with a better hit-rate (0.72 vs. 0.67) and a lower mean error (0.44 vs. 0.48). Paper II showed that 32% of 182.678 patients with a diagnosis of AF were on monotherapy with aspirin for stroke prevention. A total of 115.185 patients were included, 58.671 with aspirin treatment and 56.514 without antithrombotic treatment at baseline. After stratification after CHA2DS2-VASc score and after multivariable adjustment, aspirin treatment did not confer a decrease in thromboembolic events. After propensity score mathcing, rate of ischemic stroke was 7.4%/year (95% CI 7.1-7.6) in aspirin treated patients and 6.6%/year (95% CI 6.4-6.9) in patients without antithrombotic treatment. In paper III 22.874 patients undergoing electrical cardioversion were included, 10.722 with and 12.152 without OAC pre-treatment. In patients with low stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc 0-1), no thromboembolic complication was seen within 30 days after cardioversion. In patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2, the risk of thromboembolic complications was increased when no oral anticoagulation pre-treatment was used, results that remained after propensity score matching. No difference regarding haemorrhagic complications was seen. Paper IV included a total of 1585 patients undergoing PVI with a mean follow up of 2.6 years. Adherence to current guidelines regarding oral anticoagulation was good in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. Previous ischemic stroke was a predictor for a new stroke after PVI. In patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 stroke risk was increased in patients discontinuing OAC compared to those continuing OAC (1,60%/year vs. 0.34%/year). Conclusion: Oral anticoagulation is still underutilized for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2p) benefit from continuous oral anticoagulation treatment to prevent stroke, also in conjunction with electrical cardioversion and after pulmonary vein isolation. If warfarin is chosen, a computerised dosing algorithm can facilitate and standardize warfarin dosing and lead to better resulting INR values than manually changed doses. Aspirin should not be used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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48

Longley, Nicky. „Cryptococcal meningitis : treatment and prevention“. Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.754067.

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Background Cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis are the lead causes of mortality in late stage HIV. I examine the treatment and prevention of Cryptococcal disease and early detection of Tuberculosis in Sub- Saharan Africa. Methods I conducted 4 studies: 1. Dose-response effect of high dose fluconazole for HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis. 2. Cryptococcal Antigen Screening in Patients Initiating ART: A Prospective Cohort Study 3. Evaluation of a Public-sector, Provider-initiated Cryptococcal Antigen Screening and Treatment Program. 4. The predictive value of urine lipoarabinomannan lateral-flow assay for incident tuberculosis, hospitalisation and / or death in outpatients during their first year of ART. Results The early fungicidal activity of Fluconazole was significantly greater for 1200mg than it was for 800mg. Incident CM was associated with higher plasma/serum LFA titers. 12-month mortality was 25% in CrAg-positive patients compared with 11.5% in CrAg-negative patients despite pre-emptive fluconazole treatment. 4 out of 10 serum CrAg positive patients agreeing to an LP were found to have evidence of meningeal infection. In the provider initiated CrAg screening program in the public health sector only 26.6% of eligible patients were screened during the first year of the program. Patients testing LAM-positive had a median time to TB treatment of 7 days and were more likely to require hospitalisation and die within the first year of ART. Conclusion Where Amphotericin B is not available or safe to administer, 1200mg of Fluconazole clears infection more rapidly than 800mg. CrAg screening and pre-emptive treatment with fluconazole in patients with late stage HIV reduced the number of cases of CM compared to historic controls. Further studies are needed to refine the treatment of CrAg positive patients. Provider initiated CrAg screening did not achieve optimal levels and may have caused delay in ART initiation. Screening for urinary LAM may reduce the time to TB treatment by 1 week and allow early identification of patients at the highest risk of adverse events in the first year of ART.
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49

Mowlai, Shafagh Shannon. „Help - Hurricane Earthquake Loss Prevention“. Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751615.

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Climate change is a controversial topic and has individuals arguing that the increased magnitude of the more recent natural disasters is significantly due to climate change happening. According to Weixiao Han, there has been an occurrence of over 22,000 natural disasters all around the world from 1900s to current day. Disaster relief preparedness and resources have been crucial in aiding the population at risk. Hurricane Earthquake Loss Prevention – HELP – focuses on decreasing the number of fatalities and damages during and after a natural disaster occurs in long-term care facilities and nursing homes. Hurricane Earthquake Loss Prevention aims to support these healthcare facilities by providing them with the right tools to aid and prevent injuries when a natural disaster strikes. This proposal will provide a breakdown of how HELP aims to provide disaster relief across the nation.

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Futrell, Audrey A. „Parent Involvement for Prevention Plan“. Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10931086.

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Research has shown that early adolescence is when risk-taking behaviors begin. The transitioning years of an adolescent moving from elementary through middle school deem to be some of the most important, influential, and challenging years not only for the teenager but the parents. As the adolescent begins the process of being independent, the parent/adolescent relationship changes. Parents start to lose self-efficacy, understanding parental involvement, struggle with communication, and understanding how to build an effective relationship with their teenager. Research has shown that effective parental involvement significantly decreases adolescent risk-taking behaviors. However, programs developed are implemented after the risk-taking behavior has negatively impacted the adolescent and family. Previous programs are based on the adolescent and not the parents. Parent Involvement for Prevention Plan (PIPP) is designed as a six-week psychoeducational program with one 90-minute session per week. The purpose of PIPP is to increase parental self-efficacy, parent/adolescent relationship, communication with the teenager, emotional regulation, and handling a crisis moment. A sub-association for the program is reducing adolescent risk-taking behaviors towards substance use/abuse for students in 5 th-8th grade. Therefore, educating the parents on how to transition through the teen years, and how effective involvement will help decrease adolescent impulsive behaviors while increasing the parent/adolescent relationship is the purpose of the program. PIPP is designed to approach parental cognitive distortions that lead to negative self-esteem and decreased self-efficacy which negatively effects the parent/adolescent relationship. Additionally, the program incorporates motivational interviewing skills, DBT skills, and solution-focused skills to assist the parent in emotional regulation, interpersonal communication, and problem-solving skills. The PIPP program teaches parents how to effectively manage a crisis without making the crisis worse. The program goes a step further in helping the parents understand substances and reaching out to community resources for more intense help. By educating parents in their child’s early adolescent years, the program will help build the parent/adolescent communication and relationship as a preventative in reducing adolescent risk-taking behaviors.

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