Thematische Bibliographien / Pressures for change

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pressures for change“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 17. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Pressures for change"

Mendelowitz, D., und A. M. Scher. „Pulsatile sinus pressure changes evoke sustained baroreflex responses in awake dogs“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, Nr. 3 (01.09.1988): H673—H678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.3.h673.

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A modified Stephenson-Donald preparation was used to control pressure in an isolated carotid sinus in conscious dogs with all other arterial baroreceptors denervated. Sinus pressure was changed from preisolation control levels to either an elevated static or an elevated pulsatile pressure for 5 min. These sinus pressure changes evoked similar initial decreases in arterial pressure. The elevated static sinus pressure (150 or 175 mmHg) caused an initial depressor response of -32.7 +/- 5.5 mmHg, which then decayed rapidly. Five minutes after the change in sinus pressure, the depressor response was abolished, as arterial pressure returned to control pressure. This decay of the response would be expected if resetting occurred. In contrast, when the sinus was exposed to elevated pulsatile pressures (125 or 150 mmHg mean, 50 mmHg pulse pressure) depressor responses were sustained throughout the sinus pressure change (-23.2 +/- 5.3 mmHg initial, -29.0 +/- 4.8 mmHg at 5 min; P greater than 0.4). These results demonstrate that while the reflex responses rapidly reset to elevated static sinus pressures, elevated pulsatile pressures elicit sustained reflex responses.

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Carolan, Brian V. „Institutional Pressures and Isomorphic Change“. Education and Urban Society 40, Nr. 4 (23.10.2007): 428–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124507304686.

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Tyler, Mark. „INDOOR POLLUTION – PRESSURES FOR CHANGE“. Facilities 9, Nr. 9 (September 1991): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000002157.

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Walton, Peter. „International pressures for accounting change“. British Accounting Review 22, Nr. 3 (September 1990): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8389(90)90016-b.

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Lock, Simon J., und Sarah T. Stewart. „Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets“. Science Advances 5, Nr. 9 (September 2019): eaav3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746.

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Pressure is a key parameter in the physics and chemistry of planet formation and evolution. Previous studies have erroneously assumed that internal pressures monotonically increase with the mass of a body. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and potential field method calculations, we demonstrate that the hot, rapidly rotating bodies produced by giant impacts can have much lower internal pressures than cool, slowly rotating planets of the same mass. Pressures subsequently increase because of thermal and rotational evolution of the body. Using the Moon-forming impact as an example, we show that the internal pressures after the collision could have been less than half that in present-day Earth. The current pressure profile was not established until Earth cooled and the Moon receded, a process that may take up to tens of millions of years. Our work defines a new paradigm for pressure evolution during accretion of terrestrial planets: stochastic changes driven by impacts.

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Haque, Shamima, und Muhammad Azizul Islam. „Stakeholder pressures on corporate climate change-related accountability and disclosures: Australian evidence“. Business and Politics 17, Nr. 2 (August 2015): 355–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369525800001674.

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This study investigates stakeholder pressures on corporate climate change-related accountability and disclosure practices in Australia. While existing scholarship investigates stakeholder pressures on companies to discharge their broader accountability through general social and environmental disclosures, there is a lack of research investigating whether and how stakeholder pressures emerge to influence accountability and disclosure practices related to climate change. We surveyed various stakeholder groups to understand their concerns about climate change-related corporate accountability and disclosure practices. We present three primary findings: first, while NGOs and the media have some influence, institutional investors and government bodies (regulators) are perceived to be the most powerful stakeholders in generating climate change-related concern and coercive pressure on corporations to be accountable. Second, corporate climate change-related disclosures, as documented through the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), are positively associated with such perceived coercive pressures. Lastly, we find a positive correlation between the level of media attention to climate change and Australian corporate responses to the CDP. Our results indicate that corporations will not disclose climate change information until pressured by non-financial stakeholders. This suggests a larger role for non-financial actors than previously theorized, with several policy implications.

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Trapateau, Nicolas, und Jean-Louis Duchet. „Change from Above and Resistance to Change in the Early Prescriptive Pronouncing Dictionaries of English“. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 54, s1 (01.12.2019): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2019-0015.

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AbstractTo what extent is it possible to interpret the data of pronouncing dictionaries of the 18th century in sociolinguistic terms? Several answers are provided by resorting to Labov’s concepts of change from above and change from below the level of awareness. A systematic investigation of John Walker’s Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791, 1809), the most complete and cumulative of all such dictionaries of the time, makes it possible to show that an orthoepist like Walker often reflects the pressure in favour of change from above for vowel quality and resistance to such a change in matters of stress placement. By preferring analogy to conservative pronunciations due to his bias in favour of a rational pattern, Walker also links analogy to the “vernacular instinct”, promoting variant forms witnessing a change from below. And many other changes under way in his time, which pass unnoticed in the orthoepist’s discourse and transcriptions, properly deserve to be treated as changes from below, thus making his dictionary the common ground for pressures from above and pressures from below.Walker’s prescription is a complex combination of both promotion of, and resistance to pressures from above according to criteria that reflect the ideals of the upper middle class.

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Zhang, Liming, Shengqun Jiang und Jin Yu. „Experimental Research into the Evolution of Permeability of Sandstone under Triaxial Compression“. Energies 13, Nr. 19 (27.09.2020): 5065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195065.

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Failure tests on sandstone specimens were conducted under different confining pressures and seepage pressures by using an MTS triaxial rock testing machine to elucidate the corresponding correlations of permeability and characteristic stress with confining pressure and pore pressure during deformation. The results indicate that permeability first decreases and presents two trends, i.e., a V-shaped increase and an S-shaped trend during the non-linear deformation stage. The greater the seepage pressure, the greater the initial permeability and the more obvious the V-shaped trend in the permeability. As the confining pressure was increased, the trend in the permeability gradually changed from V- to S-shaped. Compared with the case at a high confining pressure, the decrease of permeability occurred more quickly, the rate of change becomes greater, and the sudden increase observed in the permeability happened earlier under lower confining pressures. Within the range tested, confining pressure exerted a greater effect on the permeability than the seepage pressure. In comparison with the axial strain, volumetric strain better reflected changes in permeability during compaction and dilation of sandstone. The ratio of crack initiation stress to peak strength ranged from 0.37 to 0.50, while the ratio of dilation stress to peak strength changed from 0.58 to 0.72. Permeabilities calculated based on Darcy and non-Darcy flow changed within the same interval, while the change in permeability was different.

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Rassenfoss, Stephen. „Offshore Seismic Feeling Pressures to Change“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 68, Nr. 01 (01.01.2016): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0116-0032-jpt.

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Allen, Ronald J. „The Pressures and Prospects for Change“. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 81, Nr. 1 (1990): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143776.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Pressures for change"

Kempson, Ruth, und Ronnie Cann. „Dialogue pressures and syntactic change“. Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1046/.

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On the basis of the Dynamic Syntax framework, this paper argues that the production pressures in dialogue determining alignment effects and given versus new informational effects also drive the shift from case-rich free word order systems without clitic pronouns into systems with clitic pronouns with rigid relative ordering.
The paper introduces assumptions of Dynamic Syntax, in particular the building up of interpretation through structural underspecification and update, sketches the attendant account of production with close coordination of parsing and production strategies, and shows how what was at the Latin stage a purely pragmatic, production-driven decision about linear ordering becomes encoded in the clitics in theMedieval Spanish system which then through successive steps of routinization yield the modern systems with immediately pre-verbal fixed clitic templates.

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Johnson, James Stewart. „Secular change pressures in UK corporate bank lending“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31922.

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This thesis examines the question of the existence of banks as financial intermediaries. It is apparent in UK corporate bank lending that there is a long-term secular decline which is reducing the scale and affecting the form of such lending and which is inducing a redefinition of the role of banks in the financial system. In the final analysis banks exist as a response to market imperfections: scale economies; information asymmetries; monitoring reputation; control facilities; and commitment abilities. These provide alternative conditions defining banks, their position in the financial system and their comparative advantages.

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Crayne, Jennifer. „Teaching Climate Change: Pressures and Practice in the Middle School Science Classroom“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19302.

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What are middle school science teachers teaching their students about climate change? And why? This qualitative study examined the experience of middle school science teachers from western Oregon, finding that while participating teachers accept the science of climate change and express concern about it, many teachers are reluctant to make the topic a priority in their classrooms. When they do include the subject, teachers frequently address “both sides.” They also report that students have persistent doubts and misconceptions about climate change. What accounts for these trends? I argue that the way teachers address climate change is a result of complex interactions between structural pressures, emotional pressures, and cultural pressures. I conclude that, in order to promote the inclusion of sound climate science instruction in public schools, advocates of climate change education need to address challenges at all these levels: structural, emotional, and cultural.

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Winanti, Poppy Sulistyaning. „External pressures or domestic politics : explaining change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2794/.

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This thesis aims to explain the change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation as a response to their Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) obligations. When the TRIPs Agreement was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade talks, developing countries resisted its adoption because of their different domestic norms and traditions relating to intellectual property rights and concerns about the administrative costs of implementing the agreement. Nevertheless, when the TRIPs Agreement came into force, almost all developing countries altered their domestic intellectual property laws, and many did so prior to the deadline for implementation and/or adopted more rigorous intellectual property rules than required by TRIPs. That many developing countries have adjusted their domestic intellectual property law poses the puzzle that this thesis seeks to explain. It does so by testing two competing explanations: the role of external pressures (both in terms of great power coercion and legalisation of international institutions) and domestic politics. This thesis combines a survey of the timing and quality of 102 WTO developing country members’ legislation across patents, copyrights, and trademarks, with detailed case studies of changes to intellectual property legislation in India and Indonesia, which are both unlikely cases for compliance, but reflect different domestic political circumstances. The empirical findings demonstrate that external pressures cannot provide a satisfactory explanation, as policy change occurred both with the presence and in the absence of these pressures. In order to fully understand the change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation, it is also necessary to analyse the preferences of domestic actors (societal and governmental) and how they interact. By arguing this, this thesis thus suggests the importance of taking domestic politics into account to explain change in developing countries’ domestic legislation as a response to inconvenient international obligations.

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Alquist, Erik James. „The Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressures on NADH Conformation“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281640692.

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Mazi, Aikaterini. „Seawater intrusion risks and controls for safe use of coastal groundwater under multiple change pressures“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103137.

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In the era of intense pressures on water resources, the loss of groundwater by increased seawater intrusion (SWI), driven by climate, sea level and landscape changes, may be critical for many people living in commonly populous coastal regions. Analytical solutions have been derived here for interface flow in coastal aquifers, which allow for simple quantification of SWI under extended conditions from previously available such solutions and are suitable for first-order regional vulnerability assessment and mapping of the implications of climate- and landscape-driven change scenarios and related comparisons across various coastal world regions. Specifically, the derived solutions can account for the hydraulically significant aquifer bed slope in quantifying the toe location of a fresh-seawater sharp interface in the present assessments of vulnerability and safe exploitation of regional coastal groundwater. Results show high nonlinearity of SWI responses to hydro-climatic and groundwater pumping changes on the landside and sea level rise on the marine side, implying thresholds, or tipping points, which, if crossed, may lead abruptly to major SWI of the aquifer. Critical limits of coastal groundwater change and exploitation have been identified and quantified in direct relation to prevailing local-regional conditions and stresses, defining a safe operating space for the human use of coastal groundwater. Generally, to control SWI, coastal aquifer management should focus on adequate fresh groundwater discharge to the sea, rather than on maintaining a certain hydraulic head at some aquifer location. First-order vulnerability assessments for regional Mediterranean aquifers of the Nile Delta Aquifer, the Israel Coastal Aquifer and the Cyprus Akrotiri Aquifer show that in particular the first is seriously threatened by advancing seawater. Safe operating spaces determined for the latter two show that the current pumping schemes are not sustainable under declining recharge.

The thesis was founded by two research programmes: NEO private-academic sector partnership and Ekoklim, a strategic governmental funding through Stockholm University

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Lamont, John. „An exploration of the institutional pressures and reconciliation strategies encountered in the process of technological change“. Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.692825.

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This study sought to explore the pressures and reconciliations of the Technological Change associated with social media adoption at both an internal and external level through the theoretical lens of Institutional Theory. It employed a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews to gather data from various human actors internal and external to the organisation. The research process consisted of interviews with social media managers and consultants through the United Kingdom (UK), Republic of Ireland (RI) and the United States of America (USA) over a 25-month period. Findings highlighted that Institutional pressures are significant at four levels: External stakeholder, Platform, Internal stakeholder and Independent forces. This study revealed that reconciliation of Technological Change pressures can be refined into four distinctive strategies, which are both implicit or explicit in nature: non isomorphic behaviour, utilise internal capabilities, strategies and utilise external resources. Among the theoretical contributions of this thesis, is the extension of the understanding of mimetic isomorphism, as the same pressures that constrain Technological Change can assist with the reconciliation of pressures. Further, it highlights that a cohort of Institutional Entrepreneurs can work together to achieve Technological Change. It confirms the rate of innovation is not only a critical concern once the technology has been adopted but it is also a concern in the pre adoption phase. The theoretical framework developed offers a significant contribution to the existing literature highlighting that Technological Change is an ongoing process and a layer of institutional pressures must be navigated through appropriate reconciliation techniques to achieve change.

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Seyhan, Barış. „Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669298.

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L’objectiu general de la recerca és conèixer els processos i mecanismes d’evolució de les destinacions del turisme patrimonial a les zones rurals i protegides i proporcionar metodologies riguroses per la planificació i la gestió del turisme patrimonial. Per aconseguir-ho, es proposa i prova un model en cinc dimensions. S'analitzen les etapes del procés evolutiu de l’Àrea de Turisme d’Olympos (OTA) i el “modus operandi” d'aquest procés. A la recerca s'han utilitzat metodologies qualitatives i quantitatives. La investigació es realitza mitjançant mètodes de revisió integrativa, anàlisi espacial basada en SIG, enquestes i entrevistes semiestructurades. Olympos / Antalya a Turquia és la zona escollida per l'estudi dels casos. Les preguntes relacionades amb els indicadors de les cinc dimensions del desenvolupament de la destinació turística patrimonial (HTD) es plantegen mitjançant entrevistes semiestructurades. Les respostes s’analitzen manualment. A més, s’analitzen ortofotografias en aplicacions GIS com QGIS, ArcGIS i ENVI i s’hi identifiquen transformacions espacials. D'altra banda, es realitza una enquesta per aclarir la mutació de la tipologia turística del patrimoni en paral·lel amb el procés d'evolució de la destinació. Els resultats han demostrat que les característiques socioculturals, econòmiques, ambientals, espacials i de consum d’un HTD canvien interrelacionadament i que provoquen canvis d’etapa en el procés evolutiu. La turificació de les zones protegides avança en marcs legals específics relacionats amb els problemes de conservació i protecció. Els resultats globals de l'estudi demostren que dues filosofies inversives tenen lloc en el modus operandi del procés de turificació. Els canvis d’etapa es produeixen relacionats amb un equilibri entre accions i pràctiques “transformadores” i “conservadores”.
El objetivo general de la investigación es conocer los procesos y mecanismos de evolución de los destinos de turismo patrimonial en las zonas rurales y protegidas y proporcionar metodologias rigurosas para la planificación y la gestión del turismo patrimonial. Para ello, se propone y prueba un modelo en cinco dimensiones. Se analizan las etapas del proceso evolutivo del Área de Turismo de Olympos (OTA) y el "modus operandi" del proceso. En la investigación se utilizan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas. La investigación se realiza mediante métodos de revisión integrativa, análisis espacial basada en SIG, encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Olympos / Antalya en Turquía es la zona escogida para el estudio de los casos. Las preguntas relacionadas con los indicadores de las cinco dimensiones del desarrollo del destino turístico patrimonial (HTD) se plantean mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las respuestas se analizan manualmente. Además, se analizan ortofotografias en aplicaciones GIS como qgis, ArcGIS y ENVI y se identifican transformaciones espaciales. Por otra parte, se realiza una encuesta para aclarar la mutación de la tipología turística del patrimonio en paralelo con el proceso de evolución del destino. Los resultados demuestran que las características socioculturales, económicas, ambientales, espaciales y de consumo de un HTD cambian interrelacionadamente y que provocan cambios de etapa en el proceso evolutivo. La turificación de las zonas protegidas avanza en marcos legales específicos relacionados con los problemas de conservación y protección. Los resultados globales del estudio demuestran que dos filosofías inversivas tienen lugar en el modus operandi del proceso de turificación. Los cambios de etapa se producen relacionados con un equilibrio entre acciones y prácticas "transformadoras" y "conservadoras.
The overall objective of the study is to generate understanding of processes and mechanisms of evolution of heritage tourism destinations in rural and protected areas and provide operational implementations for heritage tourism planning and management. To achieve this, a five-dimensional model is proposed and tested. The stages in the evolutionary process of Olympos Tourism Area (OTA) and the modus operandi of the process have been revealed. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies are employed in thesis study. The research is conducted by using integrative reviewing, GIS-based spatial analysing, surveying and semi-structured interviewing methods. Olympos/Antalya in Turkey is chosen as case study area. The questions that were related to indicators of five dimensions of heritage tourism destination (HTD) development are posed through semi-structured interviews. The responses are analysed manually. In addition, orthographic photos are analysed in GIS applications such as QGIS, ArcGIS and ENVI and spatial transformations identified. Moreover, a survey is conducted to clarify mutation in heritage tourist typology in parallel with the evolution process of the destination. The results showed that socio-cultural, economic, environmental, spatial and consumption characteristics of a HTD are changing interrelatedly and the causing stage changes in evolutionary process. The tourismification of protected areas advances under specific legal frameworks that are related to conservation and protection concerns. The overall results of the study showed that two inversive philosophies take place in modus operandi of the tourismification process. The stage changes occur related to a balance between “transformative” and “preservative” actions and practices

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Braithwaite, Peter Franklin. „Commercial pressures and social justice in the Indian textile and garment industries : rules, conventions, commitments and change“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39450/.

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This thesis explores the tensions that arise when business enterprises respond to situations that have both commercial aspects and implications for workers. Using Grounded Theory methodology it examines data from 56 case profiles, extensive interviews and secondary sources in order to understand the nature and variety of the social and commercial commitments that enterprises in the Indian textile and garment industries make and how these are influenced by the rules and conventions inherent in global value chains and in the local culture. It uses concepts drawn from Convention Theory, from social realism and from the social justice literature to develop an analytical framework that explains how priorities are coordinated in three arenas – within enterprises, in interactions connected with the workplace and in society as a whole. The findings show that, in the mainstream, social commitments are generally weak and behaviour towards workers is inconsistent, reflecting a reactive stance that ethical trading has done little to change. Most social enterprises have similarly weak commercial commitments and efforts by Fair Trade organisations to reach mainstream markets have proved problematic. Few examples have been found of commercial success achieved in a way that also meets the criteria of social justice. Those cases that have come closest have created new business models that integrate social and commercial values, forged by means of long-term business relationships or partnerships. A variety of mutually-reinforcing factors combine to determine the balance of priorities – public discourse, engagement by stakeholders, including workers, and internal processes for resolving differences – and these are affected by the level of scrutiny and openness to organisational learning. Interventions aimed at greater social justice in the industry or at scaling up social enterprise need to recognise the complexity of these interrelationships and the ways in which rules, conventions and commitments blend to determine behaviour.

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Gomez, Montano Lorena. „Do microbial communities in soils of the Bolivian Altiplano change under economic pressures for shorter fallow periods?“ Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13726.

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Master of Science
Department of Plant Pathology
Karen A. Garrett
Ari Jumpponen
Traditional fallow periods in the Bolivian highlands are being shortened in an effort to increase short-term crop yields, with potential long-term impacts on soil communities. Using 454-pyrosequencing, we characterized fungal and bacterial community responses to (1) the length of fallow period and (2) the presence of the plants Parasthrephia sp. or Baccharis sp. (both locally known as ‘thola’). Thola is widely considered by farmers as beneficial to soil health, although it is also frequently harvested as a source of fuel by farmers. Soils in one study area, Ancoraimes, had higher levels of organic matter, nitrogen and other macronutrients compared to the other study area, Umala. In our analyses, Ancoraimes soils supported more diverse fungal communities, whereas Umala had more diverse bacterial communities. Unexpectedly, the longer fallow periods were associated with lower fungal diversity in Umala and lower bacterial diversity in Ancoraimes. Fungi assigned to genera Verticillium, Didymella, and Alternaria, and bacteria assigned to genera Paenibacillus, Segetibacter, and Bacillariophyta decreased in abundance with longer fallow period. The presence of thola did not significantly affect overall soil fungal or bacterial diversity, but did increase the frequency of some genera such as Fusarium and Bradyrhizobium. Our results suggest that fallow period has a range of effects on microbial communities, and that the removal of thola from the fields impacts the dynamics of the soil microbial communities.

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Bücher zum Thema "Pressures for change"

Hallsworth, A. G. Financial pressures and retail change. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, 1991.

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Case, William. Semi-democracy in Malaysia: Pressures and prospects for change. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1992.

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Dunn, John F. All change in Russia?: The pressures for and against reform. London: HMSO, 1992.

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Entwistle, P. J. Pressures for managerial change in education and the expectations of OFSTED as to the implementation of such change: A special school perspective. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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Molina, Alfonso Hernán. Pressures for change in the global distributionof the microprocessor industry: Is U.S. domination about to come to an end ? Edinburgh: Research Centre for Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 1991.

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Canada. Office of the Auditor General. The OAG approach to savings: A discussion of past and current policy, some pressures for change and proposals for the future. [Ottawa: Office of the Auditor General], 1985.

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Nash, Lorraine. An examination of some pressures for curriculum change in secondary schools: And of the attendant demands on schools and their teachers. [s.l.]: typescript, 1985.

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Kaufmann, Lena. Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734.

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How do rural Chinese households deal with the conflicting pressures of migrating into cities to work as well as staying at home to preserve their fields? This is particularly challenging for rice farmers, because paddy fields have to be cultivated continuously to retain their soil quality and value. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and written sources, Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China describes farming households' strategic solutions to this predicament. It shows how, in light of rural-urban migration and agro-technological change, they manage to sustain both migration and farming. It innovatively conceives rural households as part of a larger farming community of practice that spans both staying and migrating household members and their material world. Focusing on one exemplary resource - paddy fields - it argues that socio-technical resources are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Overall, this book provides rare insights into the rural side of migration and farmers' knowledge and agency.

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Dube, R. S. Population pressure and agrarian change. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1990.

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Lundahl, Mats. South Africa 1990: Pressure for change. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Authority, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Pressures for change"

Gyford, John. „Pressures for Change“. In Citizens, Consumers and Councils, 23–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21536-2_2.

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Oliver, Ian. „Pressures for Change“. In Police, Government and Accountability, 22–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25155-1_4.

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Burrows, Colin J. „Influences of strong environmental pressures“. In Processes of Vegetation Change, 207–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3058-5_7.

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Hill, Margot. „Converging Threats: Driving Pressures for Adaptive Capacity“. In Advances in Global Change Research, 155–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5796-7_9.

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Woodke, Jeff. „7. Multiple pressures on pastoralism in semi-arid Niger“. In Understanding Climate Change Adaptation, 115–30. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440415.007.

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Kehm, Barbara M. „Doctoral Education: Pressures for Change and Modernisation“. In The Changing Face of Academic Life, 155–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230242166_9.

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McNabb, David E. „External Pressures on the Resource: Climate Change“. In Water Resource Management, 65–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54816-6_3.

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Taplin, Ian, und Jonathan Winterton. „Restructuring Strategies: Global Pressures, Local Responses“. In Organizational Strategy and Technological Adaptation to Global Change, 99–119. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14602-4_8.

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Sharma, Satish K. „“Mounting Pressures, Crumbling Queen”: Dynamics of Urbanisation in the Mountains“. In Exploring Urban Change in South Asia, 193–202. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3741-9_11.

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Berggren, Christian. „Pressures for Change: The Labor Market and Trade Unions“. In The Volvo Experience, 71–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13528-8_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Pressures for change"

Gallagher, E. „Environmental pressures leading to legislative change“. In IEE Seminar Responsibility for Environmental Protection and the Engineer's Liability. IEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20000631.

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„Agricultural Land Transition in the American West: Societal and Ecological Pressures and Implications“. In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152143306.

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Shimizu, Yasutomo, Shuya Shida, Kenichi Funamoto, Toshiyuki Hayase und Makoto Ohta. „Influence of Plaque Stiffness on Change of Blood Vessel Geometry Leading Hemodynamical Changes in PVA-H Stenosis Models“. In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87073.

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One of the main factors affecting blood flow conditions in stenotic arteries is plaque geometry. Plaques can be deformed by the internal pressure, and hence plaque behavior varies depending on its stiffness. Blood flow pattern around a plaque is complicated by plaque behavior, and these complications may lead to growth of the plaque itself. Thus, we can say that geometry and mechanical properties of a plaque, and blood flow will affect each other. To understand the relationship between plaque stiffness and flow pattern, flow measurement using elastic models, which mimic the mechanical properties of blood vessels, is required. Flow patterns with steady flows and a range of hydrostatic pressures were observed by particle image velocimetry. The results show that the model is deformed by hydrostatic pressures. Furthermore, flow patterns are also changed as the results of model deformation, especially at reattachment points. Simultaneously, we performed a numerical simulation for finding a critical parameter of the flow patterns. These results show that the reattachment length increases in the model with high stenosis severity and in a vertically oriented parent artery. In conclusion, a parent artery and plaque can deform because of internal pressure, and these deformation will affect blood flow patterns.

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Skorpen, Sarah A., Elsabe P. Kearsley und Edwin J. Kruger. „Measured earth pressures behind an integral bridge abutment“. In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1733.

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<p>Integral bridges are preferred by bridge authorities and road agencies because they provide a simpler form of construction, with reduced maintenance costs as a result of the elimination of bridge bearings and joints. This simpler construction brings with it design challenges as both the structure and the adjacent fill are constantly moving. Thermal expansion and contraction of the deck causes the abutments to move, leading to changes in pressure in the earth fill behind the abutment. The soil adjacent to the abutment accommodates the cyclic deck expansion and contraction caused by changes in bridge deck temperature. This results in an increase in the stiffness of the fill due to densification. Even if the fill is placed in a loose condition, it will be densified during the lifetime of the structure. The build‐up of pressure depends on the nature of the fill behind the abutment and on the type of abutment. Stiff clays show a relatively low build‐up of lateral stress however sand stresses can increase beyond at‐rest pressure and approach full passive pressures. Much of the research on this type of soil structure action has been done in the laboratory with limit conclusive field testing.</p><p>In this paper earth pressures measured over a 2 year period on a 90m long fully integral bridge are summarized and discussed in relation to measured changes in effective bridge temperature as well as the abutment movement, thus testing the hypothesis that when more strain (i.e. a longer bridge and/or increase in the change in effective bridge temperature) is imparted to the soil, more granular flow occurs, resulting not only in more rapid stress escalation, but also in higher earth pressures.</p>

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Eino, Jyun-Ichi, Akira Uehara, Tetsuya Wakui, Takumi Hasizume, Nobuo Miyaji und Yoshitaka Yuuki. „Monitoring of Impulse Line Blockage Using Phase Difference Between Upstream and Downstream Pressures of Orifice“. In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60058.

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The combination use of a differential pressure transmitter, orifice and impulse line to produce a flowmeter is widely used in the process industries. Since the most frequent problem encountered in the usage of this flowmeter is impulse line blockage, an online blockage detection system is required. In previous works, the authors developed an indicator of impulse line blockage, called the blockage index, which is based on pressure fluctuations. Although the blockage index is able to detect the blockage effectively without being affected by the change in the flow rate and pressure, it can not detect the blockage as the rate of line pressure change increase. In addition, there are continuous and frequent line pressure changes in certain applications. Hence, the objective of this study is to detect impulse line blockages even when the line pressure change rate is so high that the blockage index is unable to detect the blockage. In this paper, the authors present details on the delay in the pressure transmission caused by the blockage, and evaluate the delay quantitatively by using the phase difference between the pressure upstream and downstream of the orifice as a new blockage index. In addition, by selecting frequencies with high power spectral densities, the new index becomes sensitive enough to detect the blockage during the more rapid line pressure changes under which the former blockage index failed.

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Zeinali, Seyed Morteza, und Sherif L. Abdelaziz. „Effect of Heating Rate on Thermally Induced Pore Water Pressures and Volume Change of Saturated Soils“. In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482827.004.

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Perez, Emma, und Leanne Thomson. „Transient Modeling of Surge Pressures Within Injection Terminal Facilities“. In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33607.

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Pressure transients in piping systems occur whenever there is a change in fluid velocity. If this change is large enough, the pressure wave produced can exceed the Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP) of the system. Canadian and US regulations allow liquid petroleum systems to exceed the MOP under abnormal operating conditions however these surges cannot exceed 110% of MOP even for short periods of time. As part of meeting these regulations, the authors have applied complex computational modeling tools, developed methodologies, and company standards to identify sources of pressure surges, with the ultimate purpose of providing protection solutions useful for mitigating overpressures in oil injection facilities with low rated piping. These computational models and identification methodologies are based on a) abnormal operating conditions recorded in the past, b) potential worst case scenarios of terminal transients, and c) are particularly sensitive to input data such as piping characteristics, fluid types, and the initial states of the operating system. Our paper discusses the above mentioned transient simulation methodologies and their importance in meeting regulations.

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Yang, Bozhi, und Qiao Lin. „Latchable Phase-Change Actuators for Micro Flow Control Applications“. In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81964.

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This paper presents a novel latchable phase-change actuator that can potentially be used for flow valving and gating in portable lab-on-a-chip systems, where minimal energy consumption is required. The actuator exploits a low melting-point paraffin wax, whose solid-liquid phase changes allow the closing and opening of fluid flow through deformable microchannels. Flow switching is initiated by melting of paraffin, with an additional pneumatic pressure required for flow switching from open to closed state. After paraffin solidifies the switched state is subsequently maintained passively without further consumption of energy. The actuator can be fabricated from PDMS through the multilayer soft lithography technique. Testing results demonstrate that the actuator has a response time about 60-100 sec for flow switching, and can passively hold a microvalve closed under pressures up to 35 kPa.

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Roy, S., D. Pujari und M. Saraswat. „ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED APPROACH TOWARDS BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAN TOWNS AND CITIES“. In The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5103.

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The fast-urbanizing Indian cities are grappling with rising ecological challenges. Pollution, water insecurity, urban heat, and flooding have increased the vulnerability of the urban population. There is a need to look at urban settlements as a functioning natural ecosystem delineated by administrative boundaries and to evaluate their health regularly through a comprehensive, easy to adopt, structured approach. This study aims to track and evaluate the ecosystem health of three different categories of urban settlements: a group of metropolitan wards, a growing peripheral city, and an emerging town, through adaption of Pressure- State-Response (PSR) framework developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’. The methodology includes indices-driven change detection of ecosystem components and pressure points on the same, by using spatial and non-spatial data, developing an impact matrix, and prioritized eco plans for action. Increasing built-up surfaces in the peripheral city (11%) and the metropolitan wards (23%) show increased pressure on their ecosystem in the form of reducing pervious surfaces. Increasing water turbidity, land surface temperatures, and aerosol content in the air depict pressure hotspots requiring mitigative, restorative, and preventive action. A significant decrease observed in heavy vegetation in the metropolitan wards (58% in the last 5 years) and an increase in industrial activities and aerosol is observed in conjunction with increasing air temperatures and this points towards an impending change in its livability index due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. The study concludes that a structured approach can aid in agile and sustainable management of our towns and cities and nature-based solutions provide an opportunity to restore the ecosystem balance. Keywords: Urban Assessment Nature-based solutions, Ecosystem Health, Urban Ecosystem, Urban management

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Ambrosini, Walter, und Medhat Sharabi. „Dimensionless Parameters in Stability Analysis of Heated Channels With Fluids at Supercritical Pressures“. In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89862.

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The paper proposes dimensionless parameters for the analysis of stability in heated channels with supercritical fluids. The parameters are devised basing on the classical phase change and subcooling numbers adopted in the case of boiling channels, proposing a novel formulation making use of fluid properties at the pseudo-critical temperature as a function of pressure. The adopted formulation for dimensionless density of a given fluid provides a unique dependence with respect to dimensionless enthalpy, in a reasonably wide range of system pressures, thus giving generality to the predictions of unstable conditions obtained as a function of dimensionless parameters. It is shown that these parameters allow setting up quantitative stability maps for a single heated channel with imposed overall pressure drop, in analogy with the ones proposed in previous work concerning boiling channels. Similarities with the boiling channel stability phenomena are pointed out, also supporting the conclusions with system code predictions.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Pressures for change"

Matthews, Stephen N., Louis Iverson, Matthew Peters und Anantha Prasad. Assessing potential climate change pressures across the conterminous United States. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, März 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6941248.ch.

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The maps and tables presented here represent potential variability of projected climate change across the conterminous United States during three 30-year periods in this century and emphasizes the importance of evaluating multiple signals of change across large spatial domains. Maps of growing degree days, plant hardiness zones, heat zones, and cumulative drought severity depict the potential for markedly shifting conditions and highlight regions where changes may be multifaceted across these metrics. In addition to the maps, the potential change in these climate variables are summarized in tables according to the seven regions of the fourth National Climate Assessment to provide additional regional context. Viewing these data collectively further emphasizes the potential for novel climatic space under future projections of climate change and signals the wide disparity in these conditions based on relatively near-term human decisions of curtailing (or not) greenhouse gas emissions.

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Matthews, Stephen N., Louis R. Iverson, Matthew P. Peters und Anantha Prasad. Assessing potential climate change pressures across the conterminous United States: mapping plant hardiness zones, heat zones, growing degree days, and cumulative drought severity throughout this century. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rmap-9.

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McDonald, William W. Computation of Pressures of Linear Charge Arrays Using Ray Tracing Techniques. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada350901.

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Teufel, L. W. Influence of pore pressure and production-induced changes in pore pressure on in situ stress. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/208315.

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Chen, A. L., und P. Y. Yu. Charge-transfer gap closure in transition-metal halides under pressure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/69161.

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Bennett, Richard H. Hydrodynamic Stresses Driving Pore Pressure Changes in Sandy Coastal Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629408.

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Nguyen, Doan Ngoc, und Joonwoo Lee. Calculation of Eddy Current and Temperature Change in Clamping Plate of Pressure Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1461386.

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Iota, V., Z. Jenei, J. Klepeis, W. Evans und C. Yoo. Pressure Induced Bonding Changes in Carbon Dioxide: Six Fold Coordinated CO2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926013.

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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne und Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.

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Chen, Anthony Li-Chung. Metallization and charge-transfer gap closure of transition-metal iodides under pressure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10182378.

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