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1
Harris, Badgett Theresa Linette. „Exploring an ACT Preparation Course as an Intervention Method for African American Students“. Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3732101.
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In recent years, there has been an interest in the effectiveness of college assessment preparation, which has prompted many studies. The majority of these studies researched instruction/coaching on the Scholastic Assessment Tool (SAT). Notably, the college entrance exam has become a growing concern for minorities, particularly African American students. Prior research by ACT, Inc. (2012, p. 2) has shown African American students rank the lowest in American College Test (ACT) scores of all racial groups. Between 2006 and 2011 the average ACT composite scores increased for White, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and American/Pacific Islanders. Hispanic scores remained unchanged and the scores of African Americans students declined by an average of two scale points. The focus of this research investigated whether instruction/coaching for the ACT would increase the scores of African American students. The participants of this study were African American high school students who attended a suburban high school in the Midwest. These students took a pre-test (PLAN) and a post-test (ACT) and were provided with reflective journals to document comments and attitudes of this six-week program. The average increase in the ACT scores after taking the ACT Preparation Course was 2.00 points. Considering other variables, it appeared that the increase in these scores could be attributed to the instruction they received taking the ACT Preparation Course and prior to taking the ACT. This research compared both scores of African American students over four semesters, analyzed questionnaire data, and reflective journaling data to examine if student attitudes and scores could be affected as a result of taking a preparation course. The resulting data suggest there was not only an improvement in ACT scores, but also an improvement in student attitudes after completion of the ACT Preparation Course. Student attitudes were positively impacted towards taking the ACT in that the majority of students felt more confident when taking the test as well as acquiring a new perspective in testing skills and study strategies.
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Blevins, Julie A. „A Quantitative Comparison of ACT Scores for Students Taking and Not Taking a District-Sponsored Practice ACT Test“. Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1384809693.
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Le, Roux Clarisse. „L'incrimination de l'anticipation criminelle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU3010.
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Souvent étudiée plus largement au sein des infractions préventives, l’incrimination du projet criminel justifie une étude à elle seule pour deux raisons. D’une part, elle est le seul mode d’incrimination qui procède à la fois d’une dénaturation de la théorie de la tentative et de la théorie de la complicité. Partant, les incriminations de projet criminel possèdent une structure identifiable qui leur est propre en ce qu’elles répriment l’intention de voir un acte criminel réalisé et de concevoir les moyens nécessaires à cette fin. Elles sont donc l’incrimination de la préparation d’une infraction (qui peut notamment prendre la forme d’une aide ou d’une instigation) en vue d’empêcher la survenance de celle-ci. D’autre part, parce que les incriminations de projet criminel sont destinées à empêcher que celui-ci ne soit mis à exécution, elles permettent une répression anticipée. Or, en anticipant la répression d’une infraction, le législateur a permis que sa suspicion soit également anticipée. En effet, incriminer tôt permet de suspecter tôt, ce qui permet d’enquêter tôt – favorisant alors le risque d’un détournement de la procédure pénale. Ce faisant, l’incrimination du projet criminel entraîne une mutation des outils procéduraux ainsi que des fonctions assignées au droit pénal. S’inscrivant dans une politique de standardisation tant de l’anticipation substantielle que procédurale, l’étude de l’incrimination du projet criminel appelle à la conclusion suivante : elle doit retrouver un caractère exceptionnelOften studied more broadly within preventive offences, the criminalisation of the criminal project warrants a study on its own for two reasons. On the one hand, it is the only mode of incrimination that simultaneously distorts the theory of attempt and the theory of complicity. As a result, the criminalisation of criminal intent has a unique identifiable structure as it punishes the intention to see a criminal act carried out and to devise the necessary means to that end. It is thus the incrimination of the preparation of an offence (which may for instance take the form of aiding or abetting) to prevent it from being committed. On the other hand, since the criminalisation of a criminal project is aimed at preventing its execution, it enables early repression. By anticipating the repression of an offence, the legislator has made it possible for suspicion to be anticipated. Indeed, early criminalisation leads to early suspicion, which in turn leads to early investigation – thereby increasing the risk of misuse of criminal proceedings. In doing so, the criminalisation of the criminal project transforms procedural tools and the functions assigned to criminal law. As part of a policy of standardising both substantive and procedural anticipation, the study of the criminalisation of the criminal project leads to the following conclusion: it must regain an exceptional nature
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Forney, Robert S. Jr. „The Affordable Care Act and Its Impact on the Professional Tax Preparation Market in Kingsport, Tennessee“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/206.
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The objective of this study is to test whether the Affordable Care Act will have an effect on the professional tax preparation industry of Kingsport, Tennessee. To accomplish this objective, the researcher collected surveys concerning taxpayers’ initial reaction to the realization that the law affects their 1040. A two proportion test for equality was performed and failed to reject the idea that the ACA will have an effect on the tax preparation industry of Kingsport. Because this study failed to prove that the change in legislation causes a jump in clientele for the professional tax preparation market, the fight for market share falls to marketers. They will decide who will benefit from this landmark piece of legislation.
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Radina, Rachel. „Critical Resistance as an Act of Love: Creating Space for Education as the Practice of Freedom Within Urban Teacher Preparation“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1436179173.
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Jordan, Connie F. „Perceptions of teacher educators effects of the No Child Left Behind Act on the preparation of preservice teachers to teach in a diverse society /“. Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453170811&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kili, Koffi Ani. „Preparation, activation, et caracterisation des catalyseurs de metaux de transition associes aux terres rares“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13030.
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Etude de l'interaction entre les terres rares et les metaux de transition en jouant sur le mode d'impregnation, la nature des sels precurseurs des metaux de transition et des lanthanides et traitement thermique d'activation. Etude sur la dispersion et sur l'etat d'oxydation
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CASTANY, MARIE-HELENE. „Les triflates du germanium en synthese organometallique et organique“. Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30267.
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Cette these presente la synthese et la reactivite de triflates du germanium en tant qu'agents de germylation et catalyseur acide de lewis. Le premier chapitre decrit plusieurs voies de synthese de mono- et ditriflates du germanium par action de l'acide triflique sur differents composes organomettaliques. Le deuxieme chapitre est consacre a la germylation de nombreuses fonctions organiques a partir des triflates du germanium ou de chlorogermanes. Pour ces deux voies de synthese, une etude mecanistique est menee afin d'interpreter la regiochimie et la stereochimie de la germylation. Le troisieme chapitre met en evidence l'activite catalytique des triflates germanies en tant qu'acide de lewis dans la reaction d'aldolisation croisee entre les enols o- et c- germanies et un aldehyde, un acetal ou une imine. La diastereoselectivite observee pour ces reactions a pu etre interpretee a partir d'un mecanisme d'approche a interactions steriques et electrostatiques minimales faisant intervenir des etats de transitions ouverts ou cycliques. La reaction de friedel et crafts, sous catalyse par le triflate de trimethylgermanium, fait l'objet du dernier chapitre.
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Kribii, Abdelaziz. „Préparation, caractérisation et désactivation de catalyseurs à base de cuivre“. Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2009.
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Aouali, Leïla. „Etude de catalyseurs palladium-zeolithe stabilisee : influence des conditions de preparation sur la formation et la reactivite des particules metalliques obtenues“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066243.
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Schmidt, Elisabeth. „Elaboration et caractérisation de couches minces amorphes d'oxysulfures de molybdène utilisables comme électrode positive dans des générateurs électrochimiques“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134070.
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Des couches minces amorphes d'oxysulfures de molybdène, préparées par pulvérisation cathodique radiofréquence, ont ete caractérisées par spectroscopie AUGER, RBS, microsonde électronique, diffraction des rayons X et diffraction électronique. Une étude XPS a permis de déterminer le degré d'oxydation et l'environnement des différents éléments en fonction de la composition des couches minces. Les propriétés électrochimiques de ces nouveaux matériaux ont été déterminees. Ils ont été utilisés comme électrode positive dans des générateurs électrochimiques au lithium. Un grand nombre de cycles décharge-charge a été réalisé. Il a été montre que le soufre et le molybdène participent aux mécanismes d'oxydoréduction.
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Amara, Mustapha. „Modelisation de catalyseurs de methanolation a base de cu et de zn supportes sur oxydes“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066236.
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au, A. Knight@murdoch edu, und Allan Ray Knight. „Preparation and Bioactivity of 1,8-Cineole Derivatives“. Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090707.130931.
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The naturally occurring monoterpene 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1, commonly named 1,8-cineole and the major component in the leaf oil of many eucalypts, exhibits bioactivity, being potentially antimicrobial and pesticidal. A range of derivatives of 1,8-cineole and its naturally occurring isomeric analogue 1,4-cineole 2, 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, were synthesised. High-cineole eucalyptus oil, 1,8-cineole and the 1,8- and 1,4-cineole derivatives were shown to have a dose dependent pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicidal activity against radish (Raphanus sativus var. Long Scarlet), and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in laboratory bioassays. A postulated increase in activity of the ester derivatives due to metabolic cleavage into their bioactive hydroxy-cineole and carboxylic acid portions after uptake by the plant was not observed.
The role of mallee eucalypts in the rehabilitation of degraded farmland in the Western Australian wheat belt, uses of eucalyptus oil and the bioactivity of essential oils and naturally occurring terpenes, with particular emphasis on eucalyptus oil and 1,8-cineole, were reviewed. The review encompasses allelopathic and herbicidal activity, insecticidal, acaricidal and antimicrobial activity.
1,8-Cineole compounds functionalised at position 3 of the cyclohexane ring and the 1,4-cineole derivatives were chemically synthesised whilst 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole was obtained as the primary metabolite of a novel bacterium grown on 1,8-cineole as sole carbon source. The bacteria were isolated by inoculating liquid growth medium containing 1,8-cineole as carbon source with aliquots of deionised water in which eucalyptus leaves had been stirred. Sequencing of its 16S rRNA gene identified the bacteria as belonging to the order Sphingomonadales, family Sphingomonadaceae and genus Sphingomonas. Growth curves for the bacterium are described and a metabolic pathway for the microbial degradation of 1,8-cineole is confirmed. Bacteria were cultured on a 20 L scale to provide sufficient 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole for the herbicidal bioassays.
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Huang, Huan Yao, und barbar0324@gmail com. „The preparation and characterization of polypropylene-compatibilizer-filler composites“. RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100218.101808.
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Polypropylene (PP) composites includ a mineral filler, though they can be enhanced by blending with an elastomer. Blending rigid fillers with PP increased strength while decreasing toughness. Blending soft elastomers with PP decreased strength while increasing toughness. PP-elastomer-filler ternary composites offer synergism because the increase of strength due to filler may compensate the loss of strength due to the elastomer. Two morphologies were identified, separated elastomer and filler particles in PP, and filler particles encapsulated by elastomer in PP. Interaction between filler and PP matrix are proposed to increase with the addition of polar elastomers when encapsulated morphology is formed, leading to enhanced mechanical properties. PP-elastomer-filler blended tapes were prepared via single-screw extrusion. Annealing was performed after cooling the tapes, and this combination proved to increase the modulus. Characterization of the composites was carri ed out using thermogravimetry, dynamic-force thermomechanometry, modulated-force thermomechanometry, and Fourier transform infrared imaging. Incorporation of polysiloxane elastomer increased the mobility of PP during extrusion. Elongation at break increased with increasing polysiloxane content, while the tensile modulus was slightly decreased. The silica core within the polysiloxane particles provided an additional strength enhancement. Polar elastomers aided binding between PP and fillers, while enhancing strength and toughness. Glass transition temperature and segmental motion activation energy was shifted to higher temperature with addition of elastomer and filler, including kaolin and talc.
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Jamuna, Sivathasan, und jsivathasan@yahoo com. „Preparation of Clay-dye pigment and its dispersion in polymers“. RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090219.160137.
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This thesis is concerned with an experimental study of clay intercalation by organic dye molecule which is crucial for the successful development of a stable clay-dye pigment with combined advantages of organic dye and inorganic clay. Clay-dye pigments were prepared by two different methods. Two different organic dyes were used with unmodified clay and modified clay to study the intercalation. Characteristics of clay-dye pigment have been investigated using X-Ray Diffraction, Thermo-gravimetric Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy. In this thesis it is shown that the absorption of cationic dye by unmodified clay in aqueous medium mainly takes place in the interlayer clay surface. More likely the dye molecules with aromatic quaternary ammonium cation intercalate the clay layer and strongly interacts with the clay interlayer oxygen plane, where solvent dye (which is hydrophobic in nature) adsorption by unmodified clay mainly takes place on outer surface of the clay. Dye molecules are weakly interacted with outer surface oxygen plane by hydrogen bonding or Vander Waals forces. Modified clay enabled the solvent dye to intercalate inside the clay interlayer surface with the suitable non-aqueous medium (because of its expanded structure). The modified clay suspension in the selected non-aqueous medium shows only partial desorption of alkyl ammonium molecule from the clay layer with the presence of both cationic dye and solvent dye. Therefore the penetrated dye molecules must have weakly interacted with the interlayer oxygen plane as well as the remaining alkyl ammonium molecule present inside the clay layer. It is believed that the thermal and UV stability of organic dye can only be facilitated by a specific interaction (à-interactions) between aromatic alkyl ammonium cation of organic dye molecule and the interlayer oxygen plane of clay minerals. This interaction possibly enables the high thermal energy or the energy of the UV radiation to transmit immediately into the clay layer. Therefore organic dye molecules are protected from high energy loading and hence thermal and UV stability are improved.
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Chieng, Heng Liang Norman, und n/a. „Amorphous drug preparation using ball milling“. University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081209.162001.
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Polymorphism and crystallinity are now recognised as important issues in drug development. This is shown by the increased amount of research in this area over recent years. In pharmaceutical development milling is an important unit operation for size reduction to improve powder handling, processing and dissolution rate. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of ball milling (and cryo-milling) on the solid state properties, including amorphous drug formation, of pharmaceutical solids.
Milling was carried out using an oscillatory ball mill (Mixer Mill MM301, Retsch GmbH & Co., Germany). In cryo-milling the milling jars were immersed in liquid nitrogen for three min before milling. XRPD was used as the main technique to evaluate the milled samples. Ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) and indomethacin (INDO) were the model drugs used in this study.
It was found that upon milling, RAN form 1 converts to RAN form 2 via an amorphous phase. A faster amorphization rate was observed when the crystalline samples were cryo-milled. Amorphous ranitidine hydrochloride was characterized to have a glass transition (T[g]) range of 13 to 30 �C and a crystallization exotherm (T[c]) between 30 and 65 �C. Conversion was found to occur faster when the temperature of the solid powder was greater than the T[c]. Under various storage conditions, similarly, crystallization of the amorphous phase mainly led to RAN form 2. However, some form 1 and amorphous phase was also detected on the XRPD diffractograms. Using partial least squares regression, the amount of solid form components in the ternary RAN mixtures were successfully quantified. RAN form 2 did not convert to form 1 under any milling (including cryo-milling) or storage conditions used in this study. Overall, RAN form 2 was found to be the thermodynamically stable form and the two (RAN) polymorphs are likely to be a monotropic pair.
In a co-milling study of INDO and RAN, the two crystalline drugs were successfully converted into a single amorphous phase after 60 min of co-milling in a cold room (4 �C). The T[g] range (26-44 �C) was also characterized for these mixtures. DRIFTS spectra of the co-milled amorphous samples indicated an interaction had occurred between the carboxylic acid carbonyl (HO-C=O) and benzonyl amide (NC=O) of the INDO molecule with the aci-nitro (C=NO₂) of RAN. Depending on the ratio of INDO to RAN, in general, the amorphous mixtures were stable at 4 �C after 30 days of storage. Crystallization was faster when the binary mixtures were stored at higher temperature or contained higher amounts of RAN in the mixture. Although XRPD and DRIFTS suggested an interaction between the two drugs, co-crystal formation was not observed between INDO and RAN.
Ball milling can be used to produce amorphous drug. The rate and extent of amorphization is dependent on the milling conditions. A faster rate of amorphization was observed when the crystalline drugs were cryo-milled. Amorphous drug formation can be made either alone or in combination with another crystalline drug. Amorphization could offer a significant improvement on the dissolution profile and the bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug - indomethacin. Furthermore, ball milling can also be used to produce a homogenous mix between solids. The �goodmix� effect can be used for seed-induced crystallization or, when the XRPD or Raman data were combined with partial least squares regression, to create a reliable calibration model for quantitative analysis.
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Kgwete, Ephraim Matala. „Understanding school leadership : a study of the ACE school leadership programme and leadership practices“. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44145.
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The South African Department of Education (DoE) introduced a new threshold qualification, Advanced Certificate in Education (School Leadership), which was the first concrete step towards implementing a compulsory professional qualification for principalship. The qualification is called ACE ‘School Leadership’ but the outcomes in the learning content designed by the DoE tend to focus on ‘management’. Since this qualification was only implemented from 2008, the synchrony between the theory and practice has not yet been investigated. The focus of this paper was to determine whether the ACE promoted leadership practices (ideographic dimensions) rather than just management skills (nomothetic dimensions).
This study employed qualitative case study research methods and procedures to investigate the influence of the ACE School Leadership programme on leadership practices. Six principals who had completed the ACE School Leadership programme and their 24 subordinates from Mpumalanga, one of the poorest provinces in South Africa, were purposively selected. The findings display ample evidence of the nomothetic dimensions of the social systems theory outweighing the ideographic dimensions in the principal preparation programme. Principals showed confidence in management and this gave rise to unconscious leadership practices. Subordinates in their schools scored them highly regarding compliance and stated that they were more participative in their approach.
The contribution that this research makes is that future preparation programmes be balanced regarding the social systems theory and contain contextual case studies; networking opportunities and strategic and innovative thinking which would result in principals not just being compliant, but competent and capable of leading school improvement. The study suggests a model for future effective leadership preparation programmes. The model outlines the threshold principal roles and the principal primary roles. The study acknowledges the need for more research on how principal leadership preparation programmes influence leadership practices. The ACE school leadership programme demonstrated in this study its ability to develop principals’ management practices and a need to develop principals’ leadership skills more. Findings in this study demonstrate improvement in learner performance for the principals who attended the ACE programme. The refinement of the ACE programme’s curriculum could lead to school leadership improvementThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2015
Education Management and Policy Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
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Audsley, Jennifer M., und jennifer audsley@med monash edu au. „Alternative Approaches In The Preparation And Growth Of Influenza B Vaccine Viruses“. RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080414.141937.
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Influenza B viruses are a significant cause of disease and influenza B antigens are present in all human vaccines. Achieving suitable yields of seed viruses is often difficult for vaccine manufacturers. With influenza A viruses increases in yields have been achieved by the preparation of reassortants between a high-yielding donor strain and an epidemic strain. However, reassortment of influenza B viruses for the preparation of seeds has not been usually undertaken due to the lack suitable donor strains. Such an approach, which formed the basis of this thesis, could improve vaccine yields, lower costs and introduce a further element of predictability to vaccine manufacture. Potential donor strains were prepared from B/Lee/40 (B/Lee) by two approaches involving the selection of stable cold- and high- temperature mutants. Initial passaging was undertaken in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cultures and later passage in SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Both approaches were successful, although a smaller number of viable progeny could be isolated from plaques obtained at 38aC. Potential donor strains, isolated by selection at either 25 or 38aC and plaque-purified in SPF CEK cultures, were tested for haemagglutinin and infectious titre, in comparison with the original parental strain by three methods, and for differences in antigenicity by cross-haemagglutination-inhibition tests. Potential donor strains selected at temperatures of 25aC (C25) and 38aC (H38) produced haemagglutination titres of 320 units/50ÝL and infectivities of 8.57 and 8.39 50% egg infectious doses, respectively, when grown in eggs at the permissive temperature (34aC). Reassorting experiments using the B/Lee-derived potential donor strains C25 and H38 and the epidemic strain, B/Johannesburg/5/99 (B/Johannesburg), showed that the preparation of reassortant progeny with both epidemic strain HA and NA was difficult. Only 1/24 of the resulting reassortants possessed both the HA and NA of the epidemic strain. None of the reassortant progeny produced in reassorting experiments using C25 and H38 and the epidemic strain B/Panama/45/90 (B/Panama) possessed the desired 6:2 gene constellation (i.e. genes for the two surface antigens of the epidemic strain and the remainder from the donor strain). The infectious titre of selected progeny from the reassortment experiments were determined by three methods and compared with their respective epidemic parents. Yields of several influenza B epidemic strains and potential donor strains were measured after growth in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells prepared in serum-containing (SC) and animal- and human-derived protein-free (AHPF) media. Optimal multiplicities of infection were determined for B/Panama, B/Johannesburg and C25 in MDCK cultures grown in SC medium. A series of experiments were then undertaken to determine the maximum virus yields in MDCK cells grown in SC medium, followed by a further experiment using C25, B/Panama, B/Johannesburg, and selected reassortants after preparation in AHPF medium. Cell culture yields from 5/6 viruses grown in MDCK cells prepared in AHPF medium were higher than in cells prepared in SC medium and approached those obtained in eggs.
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Graf, Anja, und n/a. „Preparation and physico-chemical characterisation of microemulsion-based nanoparticles“. University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080701.121440.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible effects of different microemulsion structure-types and types of monomer used on the formation of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles, the entrapment into and release of insulin from these formulations as well as the bioactivity of the insulin upon intragastric delivery of the insulin-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in the microemulsion template.
Methods: For two different microemulsion systems consisting of water, isopropyl myristate and either sugar-based surfactants or a macrogol glyceride-based surfactant-mixture, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were established. Microemulsion samples therein were identified and characterised with polarising light microscopy, viscosity and conductivity measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy and self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the microemulsion structure-type. Nanoparticles were prepared from various microemulsion templates by interfacial polymerisation using ethyl (2) cyanoacrylate and butyl (2) cyanoacrylate. Particle size distribution and surface charge were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility. The morphology of the particles was characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Insulin was used as a model protein and the amount entrapped into and released from the particles was determined using a reverse phase HPLC assay. A diabetic rat model was employed to examine the bioactivity of different nanoparticle-microemulsion formulations with blood glucose and serum insulin as parameters measured by a proprietary glucometer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively.
Results: The microemulsion system based on sugar-surfactants only formed solution-type microemulsions which could not all satisfactorily be used as a polymerisation template in the presence of insulin. The system however also showed an environmentally responsive gelling behaviour which may be suitable for depot delivery. The macrogol glyceride-based microemulsion system resulted in microemulsions with a continuous transition from water-in-oil to oil-in-water droplet-types via the bicontinuous structure-type. Microemulsion samples of each structure-type could serve as nanoparticle templates and resulted in particles with similar properties. Entrapment efficiency of insulin into the nanoparticles was template and monomer dependent. However, insulin was found to interfere with the polymerisation leading to a high variability in entrapment and release kinetics of these drug delivery systems. The degree of interference depended on the type of monomer and the size of the aqueous pseudo-phase of the microemulsion template. The interpretation of the results was further complicated by a possible competitive polymerisation initiation of insulin with the surfactant-mixture. Upon intragastric administration of the insulin-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in the oil-in-water microemulsion template a significant reduction in blood glucose could be achieved for up to 30 hours. However, no significant serum insulin concentration was detectable.
Conclusions: Structurally different microemulsion templates resulting in nanoparticles with similar properties may offer increased formulation flexibility, in that a microemulsion template can be chosen which best solubilises the drug. Thus the microemulsions investigated in this thesis may serve as nanoparticle templates for designing entrapment processes for peptides and proteins with a simple one-step preparation by interfacial polymerisation. However, only if one was able to optimise and control the factors leading to the high entrapment and release variability these nanoparticles on the basis of microemulsions might be promising carriers for the oral delivery of peptide and protein bioactives.
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Frawley-Mangan, Anne, und res cand@acu edu au. „Drama and Religious Education: a match made in heaven“. Australian Catholic University. School of Religious Education, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp109.11092006.
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This thesis investigates the use of drama as a teaching tool in religious education within the context of sacramental preparation. The research is informed by educational theories which suggest that arts education and religious education both rely on aesthetic knowing to construct meaning.The theories which underpin this research claim that this form of knowing honours the students’ freedom to form their own understandings and will be achieved through critical reflection and experiential methods which engage heart, spirit and mind. Drama is one such method and therefore this thesis contends that drama and religious education are indeed ‘a match made in heaven’.
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Brown, Diane Mary. „Preparation for practice : an evaluation of a pre-registration Bachelor of Nursing Program /“. [Milperra, N.S.W. : The author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030529.114937/index.html.
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Hau, Rodney, und s3016872@student rmit edu au. „The analysis and stability of microencapsulated folic acid during the processing and preparation of instant Asian noodles“. RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091006.120940.
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Fortification of instant Asian noodles with folic acid has the potential to enhance dietary folate intakes. Recent studies show folate deficiency is prevalent in many countries. Furthermore, this vitamin is unstable upon exposure to light, air, heat and extreme conditions of acidity and alkalinity. Internationally, folate in foods has traditionally been analysed by a microbiological assay, however, due to the extensive time required for sample preparation and analysis, alternative procedures for analysis require consideration. The aims of the current study have been to investigate the stability of added folic acid in fortified instant fried noodles by analytical methods of capillary electrophoresis and reversed-phase HPLC. Additionally, procedures for the microencapsulation of folic acid by spray drying have been evaluated along with their significance in increasing the stability of the vitamin during processing and boiling of instant noodles. Optimisation of capillary electrophoretic conditions showed that the maximum response of folic acid relative to an internal standard was achieved using various concentrations of phosphate and borate. Analytical parameters including the effects of pH, voltage and temperature were studied along with enzymatic treatments for liberation of folic acid from the noodle matrix based. Higher recoveries were obtained using the enzymes however these exceeded 100% due to sample matrix interference. Standard addition or internal calibration were both effective in correcting for matrix interferences. Comparative investigations with reversed-phase HPLC confirmed the results obtained with the capillary electrophoresis. Using either a phosphate based buffer in conjunction with an ion-pairing agent at alkaline pH or an acidic mobile phase, the results attained were in good agreement as folic acid exhibited excellent stability under typical processing conditions. Various food approved hydrocolloids were evaluated for encapsulation of folic acid by spray drying. Incorporation of the microcapsules into formulations of instant fried noodles showed that after boiling the folic acid was chemically degraded to some extent and leaching also occurred. The microcapsules exhibited similar properties regardless of the binding agent used, with losses still occurring during the boiling stage. In order to enhance the structural integrity of the spray dried microcapsules, CaCl2 was used as a cross-linking agent for capsules prepared using alginate or pectin binding agents. Considerable increases in retention of core material were observed as the network exhibited a reduction in swelling and hydration, and subsequently a decrease in the release of folic acid. In summary, capillary electrophoresis and reversed-phase HPLC provided excellent separation and good quantitatation of added folic acid in instant Asian noodles. Excellent resolution was obtained between the sample matrix interference of instant noodles and the analysed vitamin. Folic acid displayed high stability throughout the processing of instant noodles whereas there was consistent evidence that unencapsulated folic acid was degraded during boiling. Microencapsulation of folic acid with combinations of alginate and pectin as the binding agents, proved to be effective in maintaining folic acid stability when calcium treatment was performed after spray drying. These findings provide an effective way to retain folic acid used in fortifying Asian instant noodles.
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Lendemans, Dirk G., und n/a. „Novel cationic preparations of iscoms as vaccine carriers“. University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060810.141916.
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Aim of thesis: Immuno-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are particulate vaccine delivery systems composed of Quillaja saponins, cholesterol and phospholipid. ISCOMs are typically spherical cage-like structures with a diameter of 40 nm and carry a negative charge. Incorporation of the respective vaccine antigen into the particles generates more potent vaccines than a simple mixture of both vaccine components. This requires the antigen to display either hydrophobic domains or positive charges, which allow interaction with the ISCOM particles. However, not all antigens fulfil this requirement and modification of these becomes necessary. Hence, the aim of this study was to design novel preparations of ISCOMs with a positive charge, suitable for adsorption of native hydrophilic antigens and poly-nucleotides, and test their potential as a novel vaccine carrier platform.
Methods: Two cationic lipids, DC-cholesterol and DOTAP, were selected to prepare the cationic modifications of ISCOMs. DC-cholesterol substituted for cholesterol in classical ISCOMs, whereas DOTAP substituted for their phospholipid component. The phase behaviour of colloidal systems containing Quil-A, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and DC-cholesterol and of colloidal systems comprised of Quil-A, cholesterol and DOTAP was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lipid-film hydration was utilised as the first method to prepare these colloidal systems. Selected compositions containing either DC-cholesterol or DOTAP were also prepared by dialysis as second method. A novel third method for preparing homogenous dispersions of classical ISCOMs was developed utilising ethanol injection. This method was also applied in an attempt to prepare cationic modifications of ISCOMs including DC-cholesterol and DOTAP. As in the colloidal systems comprising Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol transformations of structures were observed upon dilution with aqueous solutions, these transitions were also studied on classical ISCOMs using TEM and dynamic light scattering techniques. Loading of cationic colloidal structures composed of Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol was performed with the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and a model plasmid, and the resulting structures were analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy, TEM and gel electrophoresis. The immunological properties of non-loaded and OVA-loaded structures were studied in terms of their ability to activate murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (mBMDC) as antigen presenting cells (APC) and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro.
Results: Substitution of cholesterol in classical ISCOMs with DC-cholesterol resulted in the formation of cationic cage-like structures similar to the classical particles. These were observed in pseudo-ternary Quil-A:PC:DC-cholesterol systems and even in pseudo-binary Quil-A:DC-cholesterol systems prepared by lipid-film hydration. Compositions at which cage-like structures were observed included high weight proportions of DC-cholesterol (> 60%). However, samples were relatively heterogeneous, and aggregation of colloidal structures was observed at equimolar ratios of Quil-A and DC-cholesterol. The ionic strength, pH and composition of the hydration buffer were demonstrated to be important variables influencing the formation of cage-like structures. Morphological changes of pre-formed cationic cage-like structures were observed upon dilution. However, classical anionic ISCOMs showed a similar behaviour. The numbers of cationic cage-like structures appeared to increase upon prolonged storage of samples. Purification of structures and longitudinal analysis of their composition suggested an increased formation of stoichiometrically defined DC-cholesterol:Quil-A:PC complexes over time, rather than a change in composition. The substitution of phospholipid in classical ISCOMs with DOTAP also resulted in heterogeneous dispersions, and aggregation of colloidal structures was observed at equimolar ratios of Quil-A and DOTAP. Phase separation phenomena were proposed based on TEM observations. However, the formation of cage-like particles with a positive [zeta]-potential was not observed. Although ethanol injection was introduced as a novel method to prepare classical ISCOMs, its application did not result in more homogenous dispersions of cationic colloidal structures containing DC-cholesterol or DOTAP. Dialysis also failed to produce higher numbers of well-defined cationic particles, although using this method homogeneous, anionic ISCOM-like particles containing DOTAP were obtained. The efficient adsorption of OVA and plasmid DNA onto cationic structures containing Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol was demonstrated. The adsorption process was accompanied with a decrease in [zeta]-potential, aggregation of structures and changes in the ultra-structure, particularly at high protein:lipid ratios. The in vitro immunogenicity of dispersions containing Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol was equivalent to that of classical ISCOMs in terms of activation of mBMDC and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, even though smaller amounts of Quillaja saponins and total lipid were co-delivered with OVA. Furthermore, the uptake of OVA by BMDC appeared to be more efficient in conjunction with the novel cationic dispersions.
Conclusions: Cationic colloidal structures containing Quillaja saponins offer great potential as vaccine delivery systems. Their advantages thus far include simple and efficient adsorption of antigen, efficient uptake by APC and immunological activity in vitro. With further development, cationic carriers containing Quillaja saponins may constitute a very potent vaccine delivery platform suitable for a variety of subunit antigens, and suffice both pharmaceutical and immunological requirements.
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Nguyen, Ty, und ty nguyen@csiro au. „Preparation, Characterisation and Cell Testing of Gadolinium Doped Cerium Electrolyte Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications“. RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081030.110755.
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are devices that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, without proceeding through a Carnot combustion cycle. These devices are based on the usage of solid oxide electrolytes operating at relatively elevated temperatures. Two major hurdles must be overcome in order to decrease the operating temperatures of practical SOFCs. The first relates to reducing ohmic losses within solid electrolytes. The second relates to the need for developing high performance electrodes since electrolyte reaction rates at both anode and cathode are affected detrimentally as operating temperatures fall. This PhD project has focussed on addressing the first hurdle in two innovative ways: 1. the implementation of solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity than zirconia, 2. the development of very thin film electrolytes as thick as 5Ým. Several thin films with novel electrode-electrolyte structures were fabricated and evaluated in order to demonstrate the viability of low temperature SOFC operations. Development of such thin films was innovative and challenging to achieve. The approach taken in this work involved fabricating a dense and thin gadolinia doped ceria (10GDC - Gd 10wt%, Ce 90wt%) oxide electrolyte. 10GDC is an electrolyte exhibiting higher conductivities than conventional materials during low temperature operations. A research contribution of this PhD was the demonstration of the deposition of 10GDC thin films using RF magnetron sputtering for the first time. 10GDC thin film electrolytes with thickness in a range between 0.1 to 5Ým were fabricated on 10 yttrium stabilised zirconium (10YSZ) substrates by using a RF magnetron sputterer. The primary parameters controlling 10GDC thin film deposition using this method were explored in order to identify optimal conditions. The fabricated films were subsequently analysed for their morphology, composition and stoichiometry using a variety of methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), optical microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). A preliminary test was conducted in order to examine the function of 10GDC thin film electrolytes together with the cathode and anode substrates at intermediate temperatures (700oC). A complete planar single cell was designed and assembled for this purpose. However, when fully assembled and tested, the cell failed to generate any voltage or current. Consequently, the remainder of the PhD work was focused on systematically exploring the factors contributing to the assembled fuel cell failure. As fabrication failure analysis is seldom reported in the scientific literature, this analysis represents a significant scientific contribution. This analysis proceeded in a series of steps that involved several different methods, including SEM, red dye analysis, surface morphology and cross section analysis of the cell. It was found that pinholes and cracks were present during the fuel cell operating test. Cathode delamination was also found to have occurred during the test operation. This was determined to be due to thermal expansion mismatch between the cathode substrate and the 10GDC electrolyte thin film. A series of suggestions for future research are presented in the conclusion of this work.
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Thomson, Keira. „Investigating motor preparation and the importance of external information in people with Parkinson's disease“. University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0074.
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[Truncated abstract] There is overwhelming evidence that PD leads to impairments in executing voluntary movements. However, it is less clear whether it also leads to impairment in the preparation of movement. The current investigation first aims to further our understanding of motor preparation in people with PD. Two techniques are commonly used to assess motor preparation. These are the manipulation of response complexity and cueing response-related information in advance of the imperative signal. They were both incorporated into a motor task in which participants performed two-movement sequences on a response board. In Experiment 1, people with PD (comprising two groups one on their anti-Parkinsonian medication, and the other following a delay in its normal administration) showed patterns in their motor performance that was similar to healthy age-matched adults. They showed lengthening in their reaction time (RT) with increased response complexity, indicating that the sequences were prepared before their initiation. In addition, both of the PD groups, as well as the healthy adult group, showed shorter RTs with valid cueing and longer RTs with invalid cueing relative to the neutral cue condition. In response to a part-invalid cue (with both valid and invalid information) all three groups had very similar RTs to that in the neutral cue condition. ... in the third experiment, participants were first presented with a sequence to perform, and then, while initiating and executing that sequence, they were presented with a second sequence, providing either valid or invalid visual information about the twomovement sequence. It was expected that if invalid visual information evokes a stronger obligatory response in people with PD, then these participants would experience greater difficulties ignoring such information. This was not found to be the case. Rather the PD group showed a similar pattern of performance to the healthy adults. This indicates that they were able to ignore visual information when it was invalid and unhelpful, and so suggests that people with PD use external information strategically. The results presented in this thesis suggest that motor preparation is largely intact in people with PD. Motor preparation may, however, be incomplete under reduced visual information. Furthermore, while visual information may be particularly important to people with PD, it does not seem to evoke a stronger obligatory response than in healthy adults. Rather, people with PD seem to use external information strategically.
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Southon, Peter. „Structural evolution during the preparation and heating of nanophase zirconia gels /“. Electronic version, 2000. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040204.135030/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD.)--University of Technology, Sydney, 2000."A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Technology Sydney, November 2000" Includes bibliographic references.
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Mann, Kathleen A., und n/a. „Outdoor leadership preparation in Australia in 2002: a cross-sectional analysis and recommendations“. University of Canberra. Education & Community Studies, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061114.111147.
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This research explores the notion of outdoor leadership preparation in the context of the emerging
outdoor profession in Australia. It explores the nature of outdoor leadership from a number of
viewpoints and its relationship to the broader context. The research examines relevant literature
through issue-based themes relating to an emerging paradigm, leadership, preparation,
recognition and professionalisation. These themes are problematised in the context of the
emerging outdoor profession. Issues of appropriate preparation pathways and the models of
learning characteristic of each pathway are discussed throughout this research. The results of a
mapping exercise covering outdoor leadership preparation courses offered throughout Australia
in 2002 are used in conjunction with the contextual aspects to generate grounded mini-theories
relating to the topic. This study uses a cross-sectional analysis of this data and by using
descriptive statistics highlights the dominance of the learning pathways that offer a competencybased
framework for learning leadership skills. The results are discussed in relation to both the
current context and the literature. The argument that develops throughout the research is for a
reconceptualisation of the learning pathways for outdoor leadership preparation in Australia, in
light of the emerging professionalisation of the outdoor industry. Recommendations for changes
to the currently accepted entry pathways into the emerging profession are discussed, as are the
areas for further research.
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Govinda, Ishwar Lingam, und n/a. „Teacher preparation for the world of work: a study of pre-service primary teacher education in Fiji“. Griffith University. School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041021.131036.
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This study was undertaken to selectively investigate pre-service primary teacher education in one of the Pacific island countries, and in particular to explore whether it provides an adequate and enriching professional preparation to beginning teachers with a view to satisfying the demands of work in the field. In doing so, the issue was examined in detail in a teacher education institution located in Fiji, namely, Lautoka Teachers College (LTC). An integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed to explore if beginning teachers from the College are provided with appropriate professional preparation as future teachers. Using LTC as a case study, basic data gathering methods utilized questionnaire surveys, interviews and documentary analyses. Survey-based data were gathered from the beginning teachers to find out their perceptions of the pre-service program that they had completed. Data were also gathered from their Head Teachers to ascertain views on the beginning teachers' professional preparation for the demands of work in their schools. In addition, an interview-based approach explored the perceptions of not only the College staff but also the Ministry of Education officials with regard to the preparation of teachers in meeting the demands of work and responsibilities in the field. Documentary-based research was also used to explore matters associated with teacher preparation at LTC and to integrate the findings with the data obtained in the surveys and interviews. The study indicated that the beginning teachers were not adequately prepared for the demands of work and responsibilities expected of them as perceived by the profession and other stakeholders. A number of factors were found to be contributing to the perceived inadequacy of the professional preparation of beginning teachers. Lack of physical facilities and quality of educational resources together with an outdated curriculum contributed to this situation. At the same time, lack of support from the principal stakeholder in terms of staff professional development and funding was also cited as impacting upon the quality of pre-service teacher education provided to the beginning teachers. An important emergent issue emanating from the study relates to colonial influence on Fiji's education in general, and teacher education at LTC in particular. Some of the problems LTC grappled with were attributable to certain features of the formalised educational system introduced during the colonial era. These aspects, such as the inheritance of the system of educational administration and centralised control, constrained the College in attempting to fulfil its professional role in an appropriate and responsive manner. The administrative system and related context, delivery and assessment elements established in education during the colonial period have been retained and not attuned to contemporary Fiji needs despite the changing times. In overview terms, the presence of these aspects appeared to have impacted negatively on College's effective conduct of its professional role and responsibilities. Further, this study provides specific insights into the pre-service primary teacher education in Fiji, in particular the importance of having relevant policies and programs to ensure the provision of an adequate and enriching professional preparation for teachers to meet the range of work commitments in the field. The study concluded that a number of factors influence the professional preparation of future teachers and these need to be considered with a view to ensuring that teachers are able to meet the demands of their profession. Based on these findings, the study recommends ways and means to improve the pre-service primary teacher education at LTC, which in turn could be expected to enhance the professional preparation of teachers and their competence within the context of teaching in Fiji primary schools. Additionally, some possible areas for future research have been suggested.
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Mukhopadhyay, Debashis, und n/a. „Preparation and evaluation of novel drug alginate granule systems using paracetamol as model drug“. University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070503.143431.
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Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to investigate a novel method of preparing crosslinked alginate matrices. Current methods use large quantities of water and hence are not suitable for large scale manufacturing of drug alginate particulate systems. Moreover, the current processes offer little scope for control of the crosslinking process. The aim was to overcome these problems through studies of paracetamol alginate granular matrices prepared by the novel method and to explore if these granules could be used to improve the taste of paracetamol.
Methods: The novel method involves preparation of dried drug alginate granules (moisture content: <5-6 %) using conventional granulation followed by crosslinking treatment of the dried granules with calcium chloride or a combination of calcium and magnesium ion solution in a crosslinking bath. The effect of the process (shear rate, binder quantity) to prepare untreated granules, composition of the raw materials (drug particle size and type of alginate) and subsequently the crosslinking treatment process variables (Ca�⁺ ion concentration, agitation rate, time and temperature of Ca�⁺ solution) on the physicochemical properties of granule systems were studied using factorial designs together with supporting studies.
The granules were characterized using sodium and calcium content analysis, drug release studies (mainly sub-60s release) matrix swelling rate and equilibrium swelling studies, tensile strength studies, ion permeation studies, SEM and X Ray analysis and gravimetric studies. Sensory studies correlating sub-60 s drug release (determined using a specially designed apparatus) and human taste scores (measured using an analogue scale) were then undertaken. Selected formulations were evaluated for taste improvement and to determine if mucoadhesion led to an increased unpalatability of paracetamol.
Results: Of the crosslinking treatment factors, the calcium concentration had the greatest effect on crosslinked granules. Although other treatment factors also affected the granule properties, alteration of the salt concentration allowed considerable control over the crosslinking process (not possible in the conventional method) in addition to providing a mechanistic understanding of the crosslinking process in the dried state. The use of low calcium concentrations (< 20 mg/ml, CaCl₂. 2H₂O) during treatment led to granule erosion (hence drug loss) due to overall incomplete crosslinking but led to a reduction in the short-term drug release compared to the granules treated with intermediate (100- 250 mg/ml) or high calcium concentrations (>400 mg/ml) due to reduction in the granule porosity after crosslinking. Although intermediate calcium concentrations led to complete crosslinking and longer release times (T 85 %: 25 min) high calcium crosslinking restricted the crosslinking to the surface of the granules leading to faster drug release (T 85 %: 8 min) with low calcium granules showing intermediate crosslinking and drug release rates (T 85 %: 18 min). High calcium treatment limited drug loss during crosslinking (95 % recovered compared to 83 % recovery at intermediate calcium concentration) without affecting the short-term drug release much. Low calcium granules showed the lowest drug recovery (< 70 %) and slowest sub-60s drug release followed closely by intermediate and high calcium treated granules.
The granule preparation factors (shear rate, binder quantity) and type of alginate used, considerably affected the sub-60s drug release by affecting surface porosity especially when a low shear rate was used. However, these factors only slightly reduced the drug loss during crosslinking treatment phase (about 4 % increase in drug recovery). Smaller drug particle size had a slightly larger incremental effect on drug recovery (about 8 % increase in the drug recovery) during crosslinking treatment due to better embedding of the drug particles inside the untreated granule matrix. This was true as long as the particle size of the drug was > 98 [mu]m. Below this size drug recovery remained unaffected by changes in drug particle size. Although granule surface porosity considerably affected the sub-60s drug release, its effect on drug release (long-term) was much less.
A linear correlation was observed between the sub-60s drug release and sensory scores despite high individual variability. Both granule formulations evaluated showed taste improvement and mucoadhesion did not lead to an increase in the bitter taste of the uncrosslinked paracetamol alginate granules.
Conclusions: Unlike the traditional method, the new technique of preparation of crosslinked drug alginate particulate systems uses very little water and allows greater control over the the crosslinking process compared to the swollen state crosslinking. The novel process of preparation is versatile, and should be scalable. It offers the formulator a platform to prepare a matrix, reservoir or a combination of these two systems using alginates and other drugs and polymers as well. Adequate short-term control over paracetamol release, very little loss of paracetamol during treatment (< 5 % loss), reduction in mucoadhesion of the granules and lastly improvement of the taste of paracetamol is possible using alginate based systems especially if high calcium is used during the crosslinking treatment. Hence, it is likely that these taste-improved granules could be used to prepare tablets without the need for a protective film coating to improve taste. Finally, this research established the utility of short-term drug release in taste improvement research and characterization of solid controlled release dosage forms.
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au, Ronald Aubrey@det wa edu, und Ron Aurbrey. „Student and teacher perceptions of preparation in mathematics in middle school and its impact on students' self-efficacy and performance in an upper secondary school in Western Australia“. Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070419.111054.
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Middle school initiatives (including heterogeneous classes and an integrated, flexible curriculum together with promotion of student input) have been implemented in schools in Western Australia in response to a perceived need to align schools more closely with a more student-centred approach to learning, in the expectation of meeting more students needs and thereby reducing student dissatisfaction and increasing the possibility of students pursuing life long learning. Specific goals underlying the initiative include the development of independent learning and student responsibility for learning through a series of strategies such as self-paced learning, student involvement in negotiating their own learning, and a strong emphasis on respecting and valuing student input into the implementation of curricula. However, owing to the way that the curricula for Middle and Upper secondary school mathematics are currently structured, problems might arise for students in the transition from a relaxed to a highly discipline-based organization of content (as described by Venville, Wallace, Rennie, Malone (1998). Students accustomed to the current approaches implemented in Middle schools (Years 8 to 10) may be disadvantaged in the transition to Upper secondary school courses (Years 11 and 12) compared with those students who have been exposed to a more discipline-based organization of content throughout early adolescence and prior to entry into courses leading to tertiary entrance (T.E.E. courses). The aim of this project was to investigate the possible effects of Middle school initiatives in a group of students from three Middle schools in Western Australia in one subject area mathematics on the perceptions of self-efficacy and preparation in mathematics once the students encounter Year 11 Upper school courses.
A survey containing Likert-type rating scales pertinent to four areas of interest Self-efficacy in mathematics; Self-Directed Regulation; Views on current teaching; and Views on prior teaching were administered to students transferring from three feeder Middle schools to Year 11 (Upper secondary school) classes in one Senior College in Western Australia for each of 4 consecutive years. Students were also asked for their comments regarding preparation for the challenges of their chosen courses in mathematics. In addition, their levels of performance in a range of mathematical skills were assessed using a teacher-developed test. The perceptions of their Middle and Senior School teachers were also sought. As the survey was administered to all students as a routine part of action research within the mathematics faculty at the Senior College, only the results of those students who subsequently agreed to be participants in the study are reported in this dissertation. Results indicated that a mismatch existed in approaches and skills between Middle School and Senior College Mathematics. The reliance on students making suitable choices for themselves, the absence of specialist teachers of mathematics in middle schools, mixed ability classes in which specialist teachers of mathematics find it difficult to operate successfully and a curriculum that was so flexible that teachers omitted key elements required for later studies were the main factors that resulted in a significant number of students making the transition from middle to senior school with insufficient preparation. Implications for the teaching of mathematics in these three Middle schools and the Upper school are discussed.
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Aubrey, Ron. „Student and teacher perceptions of preparation in mathematics in middle school and its impact on students' self-efficacy and performance in an upper secondary school in Western Australia /“. Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. https://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070419.111054.
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Cormack, Stuart J., und n/a. „The changes in strength, power and associated functional physiological measures in elite women soccer players during a 12 month preparation for a major event“. University of Canberra. Health and Biomedical Science, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050411.134745.
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The assessment of strength and power and the relationship of these measures to
functional variables such as speed and vertical jump ability are understood poorly.
This is particularly the case when dealing with a long-term preparation for a major
event in a sport such as women's soccer.
The results of this research suggest that a number of isoinertial speed strength
measures may be sensitive to aspects of a training program and therefore be useful
tools for determining the level of development of various underlying neuromuscular
capacities.
Further results provide a question mark about the role of maximum strength in the
development of high velocity functional movements, as increases in maximum
strength did not correlate to changes in measures of functional performance.
An important finding from this research is the potential role of specific isoinertial
speed strength parameters in the detection of neuromuscular fatigue. Time course
analysis of the results in this study suggests that the use of these measures to detect
fatigue warrants further investigation.
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Spring, Andrew. „Preparation of soluble poly(phenylenevinylenes) by ring opening metathesis polymerisatioN“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:83081.
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This thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of a selection of ring functionalised cyclophanediene monomers. The strained monomers can be polymerised by ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) using the third generation Grubbs initiator to yield soluble and narrow polydispersity poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV) polymers which display an alternating cis-trans microstructure. The Polymers were synthesised by microwave irradiation and the polymerisation method allows a precise control over the molecular weight. The functionalisation of the PPV backbone with solubilising groups enables the polymers to be dissolved in common organic solvents, facilitating both the polymerisation from monomer and the processing of the polymer from solution, which is important for applications such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The electronic properties of the polymer can be tuned by altering the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Introduction of electron releasing groups such as alkyl and alkoxy groups result in a narrowing of the energy gap and a red shift in the emission wavelength. Functionalisation with electron withdrawing groups such as cyanide result in an increase of the energy gap and a blue shift in the emission wavelength. Chapter 1 presents an overview of organic semiconducting polymers as well as the aims of the project, whilst chapter 2 describes an in depth study of the synthesis and characterisation of cyclophanediene monomers. Chapter 3 describes the polymerisation of these monomers to yield a range of PPV polymers which are characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The energy levels of these polymers is probed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Chapter 4 presents the conclusions of the project and gives suggestions of how to further advance the results achieved. Finally chapter 5 presents the experimental conditions.
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Gaucher, Anne. „Les 2,3-methanoaminoacides : nouvelle preparation de l'acide 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylique (acc) et synthese asymetrique des acides norcoronamique et coronamique par cyclisation diastereoselective de 4-chloro-2-iminobutanenitriles“. Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112374.
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Cette these concerne la synthese des 2,3-methanoaminoacides: acc, acides (1s,2s)-norcoronamique et (1r,2r)-coronamique. Ces acides amines cyclopropaniques naturels constituent une forme unique d'aminoacides a conformation contrainte, ils sont rencontres dans les plantes ou microorganismes generalement a l'etat libre ou sous forme de dipeptides. Ils presentent une activite biologique remarquable. Dans l'introduction, sont decrites les quatre structures connues de ces acides amines: les 2,3-, 3,4-, 4,5- et 5,6-methanoaminoacides, classees selon la position relative du cycle cyclopropane par rapport aux fonctions acides et amines. Dans le chapitre i sont classees, selon neuf methodes differentes, les nombreuses preparations des 2,3-methanoaminoacides de la litterature, demontrant ainsi l'interet soutenu pour ce type de composes. Dans le chapitre ii, est developpee une nouvelle methode de synthese de l'acide 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylique (acc) a partir de l'acroleine, realisable a l'echelle industrielle. L'etape cle est la cyclisation en milieu basique d'un 3-chloro-2-(n-benzylimino) butanenitrile prepare par simple reaction de strecker. Le chapitre iii decrit une synthese diastereoselective de l'acide (1s,2s)-norcoronamique a partir d'un chiron commercial: le (2s)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate de methyle (>95% ee). L'etape cle est la cyclisation en milieu basique du (3r)-2-(n-benzylimino)-4-chloro-3-methylbutanenitrile, (oxydation en imine par la reaction de swern). La diastereoselectivite (ds>68%) resulte d'un carbanion intermediaire plan avec les substituants methyle et nitrile preferentiellement en position relative cis, comme le confirme des calculs d'energie de modelisation moleculaire (mad). Apres chromatographie et hydrolyse, cet acide est obtenu (ds>88%) avec 95% d'exces enantiomerique, comme le prouve une hydrolyse enzymatique (acylase du rein de porc) de son derive n-chloroacetyle. Le chapitre iv, constitue une generalisation de cette approche aux 2-alkyl acc de configuration e, rencontree dans les 2,3-methanoaminoacides naturels. La synthese asymetrique de l'acide (1r,2r)-coronamique est realisee a partir du (2s)-2-(acetoxymethyl) butanol (>88% ee) prepare par hydrolyse enzymatique (lipase ps)
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PERRI, RINALDO LIVIO. „Getting ready to act: neurocognitive aspects of action preparation“. Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/862047.
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Joshua, Amiel Myron. „The effect of pertinent factors in preparation for compliance with the South African protection of personal information Act of 2013 (POPI)“. Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26022.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the field of
Information Communication Technology Policy and Regulation MA (ICTPR).
May 2018While South Africa passed the Protection of Private Information (POPI) Act in 2013, it has not been fully enforced. Consequently there is only a basic understanding of the effect of preparation to comply with the Protection of Personal Information (POPI) Act on the organisation, staff and cost anticipated for the compliance effort. This study delves into these aspects to build a picture of various factors that are pertinent in preparation to comply. This study is exploratory due to the Act being relatively new and not fully enforced yet. It is qualitative in nature, specifically employing a constructivist lens, and gathering opinions and feelings of respondents to gain insights on the research question posed. The tool for data collection was formal semi-structured interviews that allowed for all interviewees to be asked the same questions and for flexibility to drill down into responses to gain deeper insight. The analytical framework combines elements from two ISO standards - 19600 & 17799 (now 27002) and the OECD’s Compliance Cost Assessment (CCA) framework. The retrospective effect of the Act was determined to be a risk in preparation for compliance particularly the conditions for lawful processing of information as currently held information would need to comply with the Act as well as new information being collected going forward. Compliance with legal requirements works hand in hand with corporate governance. The King IV codes are an example of corporate governance standards in South Africa and have bearing on data protection and data governance and suggest that it be on the agenda of the Board of an organisation. While the codes of governance are detailed and good practise by many accounts they are not legally binding and as such the POPI Act can be seen to be the legal instrument to ensure a minimum standard of protection across the board. A unique aspect of the POPI Act is pertinent to organisations in that juristic person’s privacy is protected by the Act. Various reasons are given for this, but the analysis determined that the most plausible is that this is due to the constitution. How this is done could be determined by a future study into the matter. Governance and organisational theory are traversed also. Compliance with legislation is central to these. The Act stands to affects the structure of organisations and spur change. The study also proposes a model for compliance.
MT 2018
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Lin, Ching-chiang, und 林清強. „A Study on Claim Arising From the Government Procurement Act by the Complaint Tenderer for the Recovery of Tender Preparation, Protest & Complaint Cost -Including Legal Basis of Compensation and Burden of Proof“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75803915874379214496.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
99
In accordance with Article 85.3（“this Article”）, Government Procurement Act, the Complaint Tenderer, who had challenged the procedural default of procuring Agency in time and his complaint was granted with legal ground, is entitled to recover its cost of bid/proposal preparation and protest/complaint cost under the circumstance that the solicitation, proposal review, or award of the procuring Agency is declared incompliant with statutes and regulations by the review decision of Public Construction Commission (PCC), Executive Yuan. This Article was enacted simply following the Article 20.7.(c), Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), “correction of the breach of the Agreement or compensation for the loss or damages suffered, which may be limited to costs for tender preparation or protest”. However, as the extent of compensable cost is not defined in the Act, this legal loophole leads into Administrative Court’s difficulty in determining the reasonable recovery for labor cost on tender preparation. In addition, Complainant also encounters the same difficulty to substantiate its cost on bid and proposal preparation. This is because any and all business development cost is internal in nature and cannot be substantiated through third party. Lacking a compensation reference, the Administrative Court tends to decline the labor cost by either construing the statute in favor of Agency or imposing the burden of proof on the Complainant. Aiming at proposing a resolution to the above problem, this Thesis studied the decisions of Administrative Courts in latest decade in connection with Complainant’s claim for the recovery of bid preparation and protest/complaint cost. Subsequently the controversy over the legal nature of this Article is clarified and a compensation reference is proposed. The study result reveals that the legal nature of this Article is a pre-contractual liability imposed on government procurement and the labor cost is within the compensation extent. A compensation reference on the labor cost is proposed to presume the cost for bid/proposal preparation by 0.6% ~ 1.2% of bidding price or NT300,000 , whichever is greater, for procurement budget over NT50,000,000.
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Liu, Yu Zhi, und 劉育志. „Studies on preparation of antisera against ACC synthase and oxidase in banana“. Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13667033021677428221.
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Beydoun, Donia. „Development of a novel magnetic photocatalyst : preparation, characterisation and implication for organic degradation in aqueous systems /“. 2000. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20041011.104359/index.html.
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Wang, Hsin-Ying, und 王馨瑩. „Preparation of the Effective Fractions to Inhibit ACE from Protein Hydrolyzate of Sorghum Distillery Residue“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75432094583050573577.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
食品科學系碩士班
103
Sorghum distillery residue (SDR) is the byproduct of the brewing Kaoliang liquor. There were about 20% crude proteins in SDR (d.b.). The hydrolyzate of kafirin, main storage protein of sorghum, could inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is one of the important enzymes in blood pressure mediation mechanism. Effectively inhibit ACE could antihypertensive. Dried SDR (DSDR) that treated by different pretreatment were hydrolyzed by three commercial enzymes, protamex (PX), protease N (PN) and prozyme 6 (P6), and then filtered through MWCO (molecular weight cut off) membrane and Toyopeal HW-40F column to purify and separate fractions that effectively inhibit ACE. Use 50% alkaline ethanol (50%aE) to extract the proteins in de-fat DSDR (DDSDR), the extraction could reach 83%. And the extracted proteins analysis by SDS-PAGE showed the distribution of molecular weight were at the <15 kDa and 21-23 kDa. The MW of protein was 21-23 kDa could be 2-kafirin. Extraced protein hydrolyzed by PN (DDSDR-50%aE-PN) had highest peptide concentration, 0.37 mg / mL. DDSDR-50%aE-PN filtered through MWCO membrane to get hydrolyzate which MW less than 3000Da (DDSDR-50%aE-PN-3 kDa↓), and filtered through Toyopeal HW-40F column. The fraction No. 22 and No. 34 had higher ACE inhibitions, 63.7 and 42.2%, and the peptide concentrations were 0.021 and 0.012 mg / mL. The inhibitory efficiency ratio (IER) of No. 22 and No. 34 were 3083.5 and 3418.1% / mg / mL, respectively, and their MW were approximately 1673.79 and 726.61 Da. DSDR with different pretreatments, soaked in 0.2% NaOH to remove tannin (DSDR-a), de-fat by hexane (DDSDR) and DDSDR soaked in 0.2% NaOH (DDSDR-a), were hydrolyzed by three commercial enzymes. Among the pretreated DSDRs’ hydrolyzate, the P6 hydrolyzate had the highest peptide concentrations, and the peptide concentration of DDSDR-P6 was 2.8 mg / mL. The ACE inhibitions of PX hydrolyzate had the highest level. ACE inhibition of DSDR-PX was 83.66%, and the IER was 38.4% / mg / mL. DSDR-PX filtered through MWCO membrane to get hydrolyzate which MW less than 3000Da (DSDR-PX-3 kDa↓), and filter through Toyopearl HW-40F column. The fraction No. 32 and No. 39 had higher ACE inhibition, 34.8 and 35.6%, and the peptide concentrations were 0.015 and 0.018 mg / mL. The IER of No. 32 and No. 39 were 2262.8 and 1986.5% / mg / mL, respectively, and their MW were approximately 835.03 and 513.22 Da. DDSDR-50%aE-PN-3 kDa↓ purified by MWCO membrane and Toyopearl HW-40F column had the best ACE inhibition among all hydrolyzate of DSDR with different pretreatments. The processing of DSDR-PX-3 kDa↓ fraction was easier and more solvent-saving than DDSDR-50%aE-PN-3 kDa↓, although its IER was lower.
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Shen, Guan-Ting, und 沈冠廷. „Preparation of Pt/ACNT and Pt/PANI-CNT catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4wzew5.
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碩士元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
107
The thesis aim is to explore the influence of catalyst support on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the first part, we used acid-functionalized carbon nanotubes (i.e., ACNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) wrapped on the surfaces of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as support for depositing Pt nanoparticles. Pt on CNTs wrapped with PANI (i.e., Pt/PANI-CNTs) and Pt on ACNTs (i.e., Pt/ACNTs) are used as anode and cathode catalysts for Nafion based membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), on which fuel cell tests are conducted at 70 ℃ with humidified H2/air. The results showed that the Pt/PANI-CNT catalyst has a higher electrochemical catalysts surface activity area (ECSA) and a better performance of PEMFC than Pt/ACNT catalyst. In the second part, we used PANI wrapped on the graphene (GNs) as support for depositing Pt nanoparticles. Moreover, three PANI-GN supports with different ratios of PANI to graphene (0.1:1, 0.2:1 and 0.4:1) were prepared. Fuel cell performances of the MEAs prepared from these Pt/PANI-GN catalysts are also evaluated at 70 ℃ with humidified H2/air. Among these catalysts, the Pt/PANI-graphene (0.2:1) catalyst has the smallest and uniform Pt particle size. As a result, Pt/PANI-Graphene (0.2:1) catalyst exhibited the best PEMFC performance among the catalysts. Among all the supports in this study, PANI-GN, ACNT, and PANI-CNT, we found that the Pt/PANI-CNT catalyst has the highest PEMFC performance. These results indicated that MWCNT is more suitable carbon support for Pt catalysts.
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Koh, Siew Ken, und 許秀娟. „Study on the Preparation of Andiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE I) from Hydrolysates of Gelation and Whey Protein“. Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64282504208542583434.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
85
1% gelatin solution was hydrolyzed with esperase (E/S=1/20) at 60℃in 0.1M pho sphate buffer (pH 8.0) for various periods of time, measuring the degree of hy drolysis and ACE ( angiotensin- converting enzyme , ACE) inhibitory percentage of the hydrolysates . The result showed that there was an abrupt increase in the degree of hydrolysis, i. e. from 0.0% to 8.0%, within the first two hour o f hydrolysis；meanwhile the ACE inhibitory percentage of the hydrolysates had increased form 3.4% to 26.7%. There was an increase in the degree of hydrolysi s beyond 2 hours of reacting time, yet the hydrolysates did not show parallel increase in their respective ACE inhibitory percentage. Gelatin hydrolysate ha d reached its maximum ACE inhibitory percentage at 2 hour of hydrolysis, at wh ich its IC50 value was 11.6mg/ml and the gelatin hydrolysate collected at this point of time was designated as G2.Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography of G 2 revealed 2 peaks, designated as G2-1 and G2-2, whose apparent molecular weig ht lies in the range of 12,900 and 87,000, respectively. The IC50 of G2-1 and G2-2 was determined as 8.1mg/ml and 1.1mg/ml, respectively, indicating that th ere was a progress in the ACE inhibitory ability of the hydrolysate after isol ation.1% whey protein solution was hydrolyzed with esperase (E/S=1/20) at 60℃ in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) for various periods of time, measuring the d egree of hydrolysis and ACE inhibitory percentage of the hydrolysates . The re sult also showed a dramatic increase both in the degree of hydrolysis and ACE inhibitory percentage of the hydrolysate within the first two hours of reactio n. The degree of hydrolysis of whey protein had increased from 0.0% to 8.5% wi thin the first two hours and reached its plateau after 18 hour of hydrolysis, at which the degree of hydrolysis was about 12.6%. The ACE inhibitory percenta ge of the hydrolysate had markedly increased after 2 hour of hydrolysis, i. e. from 57.0% to 77.4%, attaining its maximum ACE inhibitory ability at IC50 val ue of 1.0mg/ml after 14 hour of hydrolysis, and the degree of hydrolyisis of t he hydrolysate (A14) collected at this point was 11.7%. The result also indica ted that whey protein hydrolysates show better ACE inhibitory ability than gel atin hydrolysates did.Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography of A14 revealed 2 peaks, designated as A14-1 and A14-2, whose apparent molecular weight lied in the range of 43,700 and 2,300, respectively. The IC50 value of A14-1 and A14-2 was determined as 0.8mg/ml and 3.0mg/ml, respectively.Amino acid analysis of A14, A14-1, A14-2, G2, G2-1 and G2-2 revealed that A14-1contains greater amoun t of aromatic, basic and hydrophobic acid as compared to A14-2, G2, G2-1 and G 2-2, while approximately to that of A14. A14-1contains 22% of hydrophobic amin o acid, 14.8% of basic amino acid and 8.9% of aromatic amino acid. As Cheung e t al.(1980) suggested that potent ACE I peptide may contain aromatic amino aci d at its C-terminal, basic or hydrophobic amino acid at its N-terminal, we spe culated that the potent peptide in A14-1 may probably possess similar characte ristic.
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Chiu, Yu-Han, und 邱郁涵. „Preparation and characterization of PEG 400-ACN-01 microemulsions for malignant brain tumor treatment by intranasal drug delivery“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2pvkt3.
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碩士國立東華大學
生命科學系
102
Abstract Malignant brain tumor is a highly invasive disease with a very high death rate. The effective treatment method for this disease is still an unmet medical need. Intranasal delivery method is a non-invasive administration route, may bypass the blood brain barrier and reduce the required drug dosage. ACN-01 has previously been shown as a drug candidate for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and temozolomide-resistant GBM. However, its hydrophobic property may limit some of the applications.Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop PEG-based ACN-01 microemulsion formulations to improve the drug’s permeability and cytotoxic effect. Furthermore the most promising formulation was chosen to demonstrate the feasibility of intranasal delivery method for the treatment of malignant brain tumor. In this study four kinds of PEG-based ACN-01 formulations were designed, and their physical characteristics including particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, viscosity, contact angle, permeability, and cytotoxicity assay were measured. The results showed that ACN-01 microemulsions have decreased particle size, higher permeation coefficient rate and increased cytotoxic effect. In addition, it was found that ME-F was stable during long- term storage. Intranasal delivery of ACN-01 ME-F formulation was performed for 30 days on F344 intracerebral 9L glioma tumor rat model. The decrease in the tumor size and the increase in survival duration for the experimental rats of ACN-01 ME-F formulation group were observed. In conclusion, the results suggest that ACN-01 ME-F formulation along with the intranasal delivery method has high potential in the application of malignant brain tumor treatment.