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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Predictive functional tests"
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Podrihalo, Olha, Leonid Podrigalo, Władysław Jagiełło, Sergii Iermakov, and Tetiana Yermakova. "Substantiation of Methods for Predicting Success in Artistic Swimming." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168739.
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To develop a methodology for predicting success in artistic swimming based on a set of morphofunctional indicators and indices, 30 schoolgirls, average age (12.00 ± 0.22), were divided into two groups. Group 1: 15 athletes, training experience 4–5 years. Group 2: 15 schoolgirls without training experience. For each participant, we determined the length and weight of the body, the circumference of the chest, vital lung capacity, and the circumference of the biceps in a tense and at rest. The Erisman index, biceps index, and the ratio of proper and actual vital lung capacity was calculated. Them, we conducted the Stange and Genchi hypoxic tests, and flexibility tests for “Split”, “Crab position”, and “Forward bend”. Prediction was conducted using the Wald test with the calculation of predictive coefficients and their informativeness. A predictive table containing results of functional tests and indices of artistic swimming athletes is developed. It includes nine criteria, which informativeness varied in the range of 395.70–31.98. The content of the prediction consists of evaluating the results, determining the appropriate predictive coefficient, and summing these coefficients before reaching one of the predictive thresholds. The conducted research allowed us to substantiate and develop a method for predicting the success of female athletes with the use of morphofunctional indicators and indices.
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Norton, Stata. "Correlation of Cerebral Cortical Morphology with Behavior." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 2 (1989): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500209.
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Association between functional damage and damage to the central nervous system from toxic agents can be used to determine the value of behavioral tests as predictors of damage to the nervous system. Variability in data from behavioral tests may be caused, in part, by varying levels of structural differences in the nervous system. Stepwise multiple regression is one method for analyzing the relationship between variability in data resulting from linkage between functional and morphological or other parameters of the structure of the nervous system. As an example, the predictive value of four behavioral tests is assessed in detecting thinning of the cerebral cortex following gestational exposure of rats to ionizing radiation. In this analysis, there were seven independent variables for predicting cortical thickness. The sequence of number of times each variable was used in prediction, from most frequent to least frequent, was: angle of stride > negative geotaxis > continuous corridor> body weight > width of stride > length of stride > reflex suspension. The data support the concept that there are varying degrees of predictive associations between these functional and cortical parameters.
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Frimerman, Aaron, Gad Keren, Uri Rosenschein, Samuel Basan, and Hylton Miller. "Clinical parameters and functional tests are not predictive for in-stent restenosis." International Journal of Cardiovascular Interventions 5, no. 3 (2003): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14628840310017816.
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Hurri, Heikki, Toni Vänni, Elli Muttonen, Fabrizio Russo, Sergio Iavicoli, and Leena Ristolainen. "Functional Tests Predicting Return to Work of Workers with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Are There Any Validated and Usable Functional Tests for Occupational Health Services in Everyday Practice? A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (2023): 5188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065188.
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The literature predominantly advocates subjective perception of disability and pain as an outcome measure for the functional evaluation of patients with low back pain (LBP). Physical outcome measurements are almost completely ignored. In this systematic review, we focused on physical functional measurements that can contribute to the prediction of patients’ return to work (RTW) readiness after sick leave or rehabilitation. Searches were conducted in July 2022 without any time limit in the Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed and Scopus databases for functional and clinical tests reliable and applicable in clinical practice without demanding equipment. Two independent researchers extracted the data from the included articles in a standardised data collection form, and a third researcher validated the data extraction. No date restriction was applied. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in conducting the review. We found seven original articles, including six with an impact on predicting RTW. We found four fair and three poor original studies fulfilling our criteria. We found the Back Performance Scale (BPS) and back endurance test to be the most promising tests for occupational health service and the clinical practitioner. Radiation of back pain, with or without neurological deficiencies, had some predictive value in terms of RTW, too. The working conditions vary a lot, which causes inconsistency in the studies and in their interpretation. Functional tests could complete the widely used working ability evaluations methods such as the Work Ability Index (WAI) and are worth considering for future research. Overall, more research is needed in this field. The question of when LBP patients can resume everyday activities and work is not possible to determine with functional tests alone. Psychosocial aspects and work demands must be considered. PROSPERO: CRD42022353955. The study was funded by the University of Helsinki.
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Greisberg, Justin, J. Turner Vosseller, Peter Gould, and Christopher Ahmad. "Performance Function Tests in Healthy Athletes." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00229.
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Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: A challenge for physicians is determining when an injured athlete is ready to return to competition. While a wide variety of ankle strength and fitness tests have been described, there are no norms or minimum performance thresholds for any of them. In this study, healthy athletes were given a series of functional tests to complete. We propose that there will be a minimum performance level for each of the tests that all athletes can complete. We also propose, for tests which assess the right and left legs independently, that performance of the right leg will consistently be within 10% of the left. Finally, we propose that performance on one of the functional tests will be predictive of function on all of the tests. Methods: Healthy college athletes were put through a testing protocol, beginning with simple range of motion assessment and progressing through a series of functional ankle tests of increasing difficulty. The athlete began with the dorsiflexion lunge test, and then progressed to single leg heel raising, single leg hopping, side hopping, front-back hopping, functional hop test, and finally 180 degree rotational jump. Right and left legs were recorded separately for the first five tests. For each test, means, ranges, and standard deviations were calculated. Results: Eighty-one athletes (male and female from different sports) completed the protocol; no athlete was unable to finish the testing sequence. There was a wide variation in performance ability between athletes; the standard deviation for any of the individual tests was too high to determine a minimum threshold of normal performance. However, when comparing right to left leg in any one athlete, the difference in performance testing was always less than 10%. Furthermore, performance on any of the hopping tests was predictive of performance on all of them. Conclusion: Ideally, an athlete could be deemed ready to return to sports activity if he or she performed above a certain threshold on a performance test. Unfortunately, athletes had such a wide range of performance that it is not possible to define a minimum threshold for any of these tests. However, right and left leg performance was always within 10% of each other. For an athlete with a single leg injury, we propose that performance on a functional hopping test less than 10% different from the uninjured leg should be the standard.
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Kwak, Seyul, Dae Jong Oh, Yeong-Ju Jeon, et al. "Utility of Machine Learning Approach with Neuropsychological Tests in Predicting Functional Impairment of Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 85, no. 3 (2022): 1357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215244.
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Background: In assessing the levels of clinical impairment in dementia, a summary index of neuropsychological batteries has been widely used in describing the overall functional status. Objective: It remains unexamined how complex patterns of the test performances can be utilized to have specific predictive meaning when the machine learning approach is applied. Methods: In this study, the neuropsychological battery (CERAD-K) and assessment of functioning level (Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) were administered to 2,642 older adults with no impairment (n = 285), mild cognitive impairment (n = 1,057), and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 1,300). Predictive accuracy on functional impairment level with the linear models of the single total score or multiple subtest scores (Model 1, 2) and support vector regression with low or high complexity (Model 3, 4) were compared across different sample sizes. Results: The linear models (Model 1, 2) showed superior performance with relatively smaller sample size, while nonlinear models with low and high complexity (Model 3, 4) showed an improved accuracy with a larger dataset. Unlike linear models, the nonlinear models showed a gradual increase in the predictive accuracy with a larger sample size (n > 500), especially when the model training is allowed to exploit complex patterns of the dataset. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that nonlinear models can predict levels of functional impairment with a sufficient dataset. The summary index of the neuropsychological battery can be augmented for specific purposes, especially in estimating the functional status of dementia.
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Goette, W., A. Carlew, J. Schaffert, H. Rossetti, and L. Lacritz. "A-16 Latent Item Response Theory Regression Using Neuropsychological Tests to Predict Functional Ability." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (2020): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa067.16.
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Abstract Objective Examine prediction of functional ability with neuropsychological tests using latent item response theory. Method The sample included 3155 individuals (Mage = 69.72, SD = 9.41; Median education =13.15, SD = 4.40; white = 92.81%; female = 62.03%; MCI = 25.13%; Dementia = 28.87%) from the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium who completed functional and cognitive assessments [Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Logical Memory (LM), Visual Reproduction (VR), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Boston Naming Test, and Digit Span]. Functional measures [Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Physical Self Maintenance Scale, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)] were combined into a single outcome variable using confirmatory factor analysis. Item response theory (IRT) was used to fit the data, and latent regression to predict the latent trait score using neuropsychological data. Results All three functional scales loaded onto a single factor and demonstrated good construct coverage and measurement reliability (Supporting Figure). A graded response IRT model best fit the functional ability composite measure. MMSE (b = −1.08, p < .001), LM II (b = −0.58, p < .001), VR I and II (b = −0.09, p = .02 and b = −0.43, p < .001, respectively), COWAT (b = −0.10, p = .003), and TMT-B (b = −0.30, p < .001) all significantly predicted functional abilities, as did age (b = 0.61, p < .001) and education (b = 0.31, p < .001). Conclusions Global cognition, memory and executive function tests predicted functional abilities while attention and language tasks did not. These results suggest that certain neuropsychological tests meaningfully predict functional abilities in elderly cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals. Further research is needed to determine whether these cognitive domains are predictive of functional abilities in other clinical disorders.
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Bryant, Mon S., Jyh-Gong Gabriel Hou, Craig D. Workman, and Elizabeth J. Protas. "Predictive ability of functional tests for postural instability and gait difficulty in Parkinson’s disease." European Geriatric Medicine 9, no. 1 (2018): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41999-017-0021-3.
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Higinbotham, Sean E., Azhar A. Ali, Xiangyi (Cheryl) Liu, Clint Blackwood, and Kevin B. Shelburne. "Assessing The Predictive Value Of Patient-reported Outcome Measures On Performance-based Functional Tests." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 55, no. 9S (2023): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000988120.43138.dd.
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Ornelas, Fermin S., and C. Richard Shumway. "Multidimensional Evaluation of Flexible Functional Forms for Production Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 25, no. 2 (1993): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800019003.
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AbstractSeveral common flexible functional forms are evaluated for Texas agricultural production utilizing three procedures. Nested hypothesis tests indicate that the normalized quadratic is the marginally-preferred functional form followed by the generalized Leontief. Predictive accuracy results are ambiguous between the generalized Leontief and the normalized quadratic. Statistical performance favors the normalized quadratic. These two functional forms consistently dominate the translog.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Predictive functional tests"
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Rosendahl, Erik. "Fall prediction and a high-intensity functional exercise programme to improve physical functions and to prevent falls among older people living in residential care facilities." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-756.
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Thorel, Lucie. "Utilisatiοn de tests fοnctiοnnels pοur la prédictiοn de la répοnse des cancers οvariens à la chimiοthérapie cοnventiοnnelle et aux inhibiteurs de ΡARΡ : intérêt des οrganοides tumοraux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC416.
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Les cancers ovariens constituent la deuxième cause de décès par cancers gynécologiques dans le monde, principalement en raison d'un diagnostic tardif associé au développement de résistances à la chimiothérapie. Environ la moitié de ces cancers présentent des altérations dans la recombinaison homologue (RH), ce qui les rend sensibles aux inhibiteurs des protéines PARP (PARPi), impliquées dans la réparation de l'ADN. Cependant, identifier les patientes répondeuses à la chimiothérapie et sélectionner celles éligibles aux PARPi demeure un défi pour les cliniciens. Dans ce contexte, l'utilisation de tumoroïdes pour des tests fonctionnels prédictifs représente une approche prometteuse pour orienter les choix thérapeutiques en première ligne et au-delà. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la faisabilité de tests fonctionnels basés sur des tumoroïdes afin d'évaluer leur applicabilité potentielle en médecine de précision. L’établissement d'un panel de tumoroïdes issus de divers sous-types histologiques ovariens a permis de démontrer que ces modèles récapitulent les caractéristiques histologiques et moléculaires de leurs tumeurs d'origine. Suite aux test fonctionnels d’exposition directe des tumoroïdes à des traitements de 1ère et 2nde ligne, nous avons pu montrer que ces modèles présentent des réponses hétérogènes aux traitements et notamment que les modèles tumoroïdes identifiés par le test prédictif comme sensibles au carboplatine provenaient principalement de patientes répondeuses. Parallèlement, nous avons étudié les résultats d'un test fonctionnel évaluant le statut RH, le test RECAP et avons démontré que ce test était complémentaire à la méthode actuelle de détermination du statut RH, qui repose sur des techniques de séquençage NGS. Bien que des investigations à plus grande échelle soient nécessaires pour confirmer le potentiel des tumoroïdes, ces résultats fournissent des arguments supplémentaires en faveur de l'utilisation des tumoroïdes ovariens dans un contexte de médecine de précision<br>Ovarian cancers are the second leading cause of death from gynecological cancers worldwide, primarily due to late diagnosis combined with the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers exhibit alterations in homologous recombination (HR), making them sensitive to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi), which are involved in DNA repair. However, identifying patients who respond to chemotherapy and selecting those eligible for PARPi remains a challenge for clinicians. In this context, the use of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) for predictive functional testing represents a promising approach to guide therapeutic choices in first-line treatment and beyond. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of functional tests based on PDTO to evaluate their potential applicability in precision medicine. Establishing a panel of PDTO derived from various ovarian histological subtypes has demonstrated that these models recapitulate the histological and molecular characteristics of their tumors of origin. Following direct exposure functional tests of the tumor organoids to first- and second-line treatments, we showed that these models exhibit heterogeneous responses to treatments, and particularly that PDTO identified by the predictive test as sensitive to carboplatin mainly originated from responding patients. Additionally, we investigated the results of a functional test assessing HR status, the RECAP test, and demonstrated that this test is complementary to the current method for determining HR status, which relies on NGS sequencing techniques. Although larger-scale investigations are needed to confirm the potential of tumor organoids, these results provide further support for the use of ovarian tumor organoids in the context of precision medicine
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McMullen, Samuel. "Injury Prediction in Division-I Collegiate Cross-Country Runners using Functional Movement Tests." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1369821797.
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Keil, MIchael M. "Brief neuropsychological assessment in the prediction of everyday functional abilities of older adults." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1113582582.
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Schweim, Jarrett Joshua. "Do any of a set of Lower Extremity Functional Assessment tests predict in the incidence of injury among a Cohort of collegiate freshmen football players? A Pilot Study." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243851951.
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Selvaraj, Suresh Immanuel. "Development of flexible pavement rut prediction models from the NCAT test track structural study sections data." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/SELVARAJ_SURESH-IMMANUEL_55.pdf.
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Son, Seong Jun. "Clinical Predictors of Movement Patterns in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6618.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients have varying levels of mechanical and sensorimotor impairments that may lead to disparate functional movement patterns. Current literature on landing biomechanics in a CAI population, however, considers all patients as a homogeneous group. In our prior work, we identified 6 subgroups of movement patterns using lower extremity kinematics during a landing/cutting task and that showed promise in furthering understanding of movement patterns in a laboratory-based environment. To increase the utility of this methodology in clinical settings, there is a need to find easily administered clinical tests that can help identify multiple subgroups of movement patterns in a CAI population. The purpose of the present study was to identify clinical tests that would help identify frontal and sagittal kinematic movement pattern subgroups during a landing/cutting task. We hypothesized that clinical tests would help predict group assignment; which CAI patient is assigned to frontal and sagittal kinematic movement pattern subgroups, respectively. METHODS: We recruited 100 CAI patients from a university population. We used three-dimensional instrumented motion analysis to capture ankle, knee and hip kinematics as subjects performed a single-leg maximal jump landing/cutting task. We used sagittal and frontal joint angle waveforms to group CAI patients. We then used 12 demographic and clinical measures to predict these subgroups of CAI. These consisted of gender, Star Excursion Balance Test-Anterior (SEBT-ANT), Biodex static balance, figure 8 hop, triple crossover hop, dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), number of failed trials, body mass index, a score of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living (FAAM-ADL), a score of FAAM-Sports, number of "yes" responses on Modified Ankle Instability Index, and number of previous ankle sprains. First, we used functional principal component analysis to create representative curves for each CAI patient and plane from the 3 lower extremity joint angles. We then used these curves as inputs to a predictor-dependent product partition model to cluster each CAI patient to unique subgroups. Finally, we used a multinomial prediction model to examine the accuracy of predicting group membership from demographic and clinical metrics. RESULTS: The predictor-dependent product partition model identified 4 frontal and 5 sagittal movement pattern subgroups. Six predictors (e.g., gender, SEBT-ANT, figure 8 hop, triple crossover hop, DFROM, and FAAM-ADL) predicted group membership with 55.7% accuracy for frontal subgroups. Ten predictors (minus Biodex static balance and number of previous ankle sprains) predicted group membership with 59% accuracy for sagittal subgroups. CONCLUSION: Novel statistical analyses allowed us to predict group membership for multiple frontal and sagittal kinematic movement patterns during landing/cutting using a series of clinical predictors. However, due to relatively lower accuracy (56–59% accuracy), the clinical utility of the current prediction model may be limited. Future work should consider including other clinical predictors to maximize prediction accuracy for identifying multiple kinematic movement patterns during a landing/cutting task.
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Germani, Giacomo. "Predicting acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation: form liver function test to immune monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426180.
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In recent years, the main end point of immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation has moved from the prevention of acute cellular rejection (ACR) toward the preservation of long-term graft function and prevention of immunosuppression-related side effects. This approach requires an optimal management of immunosuppressive therapy according to patient risk factors. However, the concentration of immunosuppressive drugs in the serum of patients, which is generally used as a surrogate for the level of immunosuppression, does not provide information about the magnitude of suppression of the immune system. Therefore a reliable marker for the development of ACR, or to predict patients who could tolerate reduced immunosuppression, would be crucial for improving post-transplant management of liver transplanted patients.
The aims of the studies presented in this thesis were: 1) to assess the incidence of ACR after liver transplantation, to identify potential risk factors for ACR, and to evaluate the impact of ACR and its histological severity on outcomes; 2) to evaluate the role of liver function tests and blood eosinophil count as potential biomarkers for ACR after liver transplantation, with special attention on prediction
of histologically proven moderate and severe ACR; 3) to evaluate the expression of specific immunological markers for ACR in patients before and after liver transplantation.
The results of the studies showed that patient and graft survival at 1, 5 and 10 years after liver transplantation were not different with respect to presence or absence of ACR. Only untreated moderate/severe ACR was associated with increased death/graft loss using adjusted Cox regression analysis, whereas mild ACR, whether treated or not, had no effect. With regards to the evaluation of potential markers of ACR, despite peripheral eosinophilia was not sufficiently predictive of moderate/severe ACR, the delta in eosinophil count between the first and second biopsies was the only independent predictor of histological improvement, irrespective of whether bolus steroids were used.
Lastly, we demonstrated that the increased expression of C28 and C38 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the increased levels of IL-17. These alterations of immune system could be used routinely in clinical practice to assess the immune status of liver transplanted patients and to properly manage immunosuppressive therapy<br>Lo scopo principale della terapia immunosoppressiva dopo trapianto di fegato è passato dalla prevenzione del rigetto acuto alla preservazione della funzionalità a lungo termine dell’organo trapiantato e alla prevenzione degli effetti collaterali dovuti alla terapia immunosoppressiva. Per perseguire tale scopo è necessaria una gestione ottimale della terapia immunosoppresiva stessa. Tuttavia, la misurazione dei livelli ematici dei farmaci immunosoppressori, generalmente utilizzati come surrogato dei livelli di immunosoppressione, non fornisce informazioni relative alla reale intensità della soppressione del sistema immunitario. Pertanto l’individuazione di marcatori biologici di rigetto acuto e/o di tolleranza risulta fondamentale per poter migliorare la gestione della terapia immunosoppressiva dopo-trapianto di fegato.
Gli scopi degli studi riportati in questa tesi sono: 1) determinare l’incidenza e gli eventuali fattori di rischio di rigetto acuto dopo trapianto di fegato, valutare in che l’influenza del rigetto acuto e della sua severità istologica sulla sopravvivenza dell’organo e del paziente dopo trapianto di fegato; 2) valutare il ruolo degli indici di funzionalità epatica e della conta eosinofilica ematica come potenziali marcatori biologici di rigetto acuto dopo trapianto di fegato, in particolare di grado moderato/severo; 3) valutare, prima e dopo trapianto di fegato l’espressione di
specifici marcatori immunologici di rigetto acuto.
I risultati degli studi condotti hanno evidenziato come pazienti con diagnosi di rigetto acuto alla biopsia di protocollo presentino una sopravvivenza di organo e paziente, a 1, 5 e 10 anni dal trapianto di fegato, del tutto sovrapponibile a quella di pazienti senza evidenza istologica di rigetto acuto alla biopsia di protocollo. L’insorgenza di rigetto acuto di grado moderato/severo non sottoposto a trattamento farmacologico è tuttavia associata ad aumentata incidenza di decesso o perdita dell’organo post-trapianto.
Nel valutare potenziali marcatori biologici di rigetto acuto, abbiamo dimostrato che nonostante la conta eosinofilica periferica non sia sufficientemente predittiva per lo sviluppo di rigetto acuto post-trapianto, la differenza nella conta eosinofilica tra la prima e la seconda biopsia epatica può essere considerato un fattore predittivo di miglioramento istologico, indipendentemente dall’utilizzo o meno di terapia con boli steroidei. Non è stata invece evidenziata alcuna associazione tra l’alterazione degli indici di funzionalità epatica e l’insorgenza di rigetto acuto.
Infine, è stato dimostrato che l’insorgenza di rigetto acuto risulta associata ad aumentata espressione di CD28 e CD38 sia sui linfociti T CD4+ che CD8+ e ad un aumento dei livelli di IL-17. Tali alterazioni del sistema immunitario potrebbero essere utilizzate nella pratica clinica per valutare lo stato di soppressione del sistema immunitario in pazienti sottoposti a trapianto di fegato con il fine ultimo di una gestione ottimale e personalizzata della terapia immunooppressiva
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Al-Nsair, Nezam. "A Study in Predicting Oxygen Consumption in Older Women with Diastolic Heart Failure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1047065058.
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Jin, Zhongnan. "Statistical Methods for Multivariate Functional Data Clustering, Recurrent Event Prediction, and Accelerated Degradation Data Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102628.
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In this dissertation, we introduce three projects in machine learning and reliability applications after the general introductions in Chapter 1. The first project concentrates on the multivariate sensory data, the second project is related to the bivariate recurrent process, and the third project introduces thermal index (TI) estimation in accelerated destructive degradation test (ADDT) data, in which an R package is developed. All three projects are related to and can be used to solve certain reliability problems. Specifically, in Chapter 2, we introduce a clustering method for multivariate functional data. In order to cluster the customized events extracted from multivariate functional data, we apply the functional principal component analysis (FPCA), and use a model based clustering method on a transformed matrix. A penalty term is imposed on the likelihood so that variable selection is performed automatically.
In Chapter 3, we propose a covariate-adjusted model to predict next event in a bivariate recurrent event system. Inspired by geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park, we consider two event types and model their event gap time relationship. External systematic conditions are taken account into the model with covariates. The proposed covariate adjusted recurrent process (CARP) model is applied to the Yellowstone National Park geyser data.
In Chapter 4, we compare estimation methods for TI. In ADDT, TI is an important index indicating the reliability of materials, when the accelerating variable is temperature. Three methods are introduced in TI estimations, which are least-squares method, parametric model and semi-parametric model. An R package is implemented for all three methods. Applications of R functions are introduced in Chapter 5 with publicly available ADDT datasets.
Chapter 6 includes conclusions and areas for future works.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
Bücher zum Thema "Predictive functional tests"
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Kazakova, Nataliya. Financial security of the company. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1908969.
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The textbook provides theoretical and practical training of business analysts on the financial security of companies. Considers the regulatory legal and methodological basis for the diagnosis of bankruptcy of organizations, as well as corporate fraud as a type of economic crimes; analytical tools for assessing the level of financial security based on a risk-oriented approach, the basics of building an internal financial security control system, including monitoring of the company's business processes affecting its financial security, as well as methods for assessing the risks of corporate fraud. The methods of diagnostics of the processes of companies' activities that contribute to improving their financial security through the introduction of a comprehensive digital environment, predictive analytics and big data technology into the control and diagnostic processes of business management are considered. Each chapter includes knowledge assessment questions, tests and situational tasks.
 It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation, is focused on the competence model of the main professional educational programs, and also provides the functionality (requirements for labor functions) of employees laid down in the state professional standard "Business Analyst".
 For master's degree students studying in the areas of 38.04.01 "Economics", 38.04.02 "Management", 38.04.08 "Finance and Credit".
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Accuracy of a treadmill scoring system for prediction of coronary artery disease in female subjects. 1991.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and healthy subjects: A comparison of ventilatory patterns used during maximal exercise and predicting maximal oxygen uptake from resting pulmonary function testing. 1985.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and healthy subjects: A comparison of ventilatory patterns used during maximal exercise and predicting maximal oxygen uptake from resting pulmonary function testing. 1987.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and healthy subjects: A comparison of ventilatory patterns used during maximal exercise and predicting maximal oxygen uptake from resting pulmonary function testing. 1987.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and healthy subjects: A comparison of ventilatory patterns used during maximal exercise and predicting maximal oxygen uptake from resting pulmonary function testing. 1987.
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Stachowska-Pietka, Joanna, Jacek Waniewski, and Bengt Lindholm. Peritoneal dialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0264.
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The principles of peritoneal dialysis are based on the physiological processes and their driving forces which permit the exchange of water (by ultrafiltration and fluid absorption) and solutes (by diffusion and convective transport) between the peritoneal microvasculature and the dialysate. In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneal transport system—mesenchymal cells, interstitium, microvasculature, and lymphatics—is repeatedly exposed to high concentrations of an osmotic agent, and a volume load, leading to increased intraperitoneal hydrostatic and osmotic pressure. This results in immediate as well as long-term structural and functional changes of the peritoneal transport system. Clinical tests supplemented with mathematical modelling have been developed to monitor the quantitative characteristics of the peritoneal transport system, allowing detection and diagnosis of various problems and guidance when predicting consequences of changes in prescription.
Buchteile zum Thema "Predictive functional tests"
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Chen, Yi-Ting, and Chung-Ming Kuan. "Optimizing Robust Conditional Moment Tests: An Estimating Function Approach." In Recent Advances and Future Directions in Causality, Prediction, and Specification Analysis. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1653-1_3.
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Matabuena, Marcos, Mario Francisco-Fernández, and Ricardo Cao. "Predicting the physiological limits of sport stress tests with functional data." In Contributions to Statistics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55846-2_24.
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Hill, Jonathan B. "Heavy-Tail and Plug-In Robust Consistent Conditional Moment Tests of Functional Form." In Recent Advances and Future Directions in Causality, Prediction, and Specification Analysis. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1653-1_10.
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Samoaa, Hazem Peter, Antonio Longa, Mazen Mohamad, Morteza Haghir Chehreghani, and Philipp Leitner. "TEP-GNN: Accurate Execution Time Prediction of Functional Tests Using Graph Neural Networks." In Product-Focused Software Process Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21388-5_32.
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Pillonetto, Gianluigi, Tianshi Chen, Alessandro Chiuso, Giuseppe De Nicolao, and Lennart Ljung. "Numerical Experiments and Real World Cases." In Regularized System Identification. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95860-2_9.
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AbstractThis chapter collects some numerical experiments to test the performance of kernel-based approaches for discrete-time linear system identification. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we will compare the performance of kernel-based methods with the classical PEM approaches described in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-95860-2_2. Simulated and real data are included, concerning a robotic arm, a hairdryer and a problem of temperature prediction. We conclude the chapter by introducing the so-called multi-task learning where several functions (tasks) are simultaneously estimated. This problem is significant if the tasks are related to each other so that measurements taken on a function are informative with respect to the other ones. A problem involving real pharmacokinetics data, related to the so-called population approaches, is then illustrated. Results will be often illustrated by using MATLAB boxplots. As already mentioned in Sect. 7.2, when commenting Fig. 7.8, the median is given by the central mark while the box edges are the 25th and 75th percentiles. The whiskers extend to the most extreme fits not seen as outliers. Then, the outliers are plotted individually.
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Sanchez, Ernesto, Matteo Sonza Reorda, and Alberto Paolo Tonda. "On the Functional Test of Branch Prediction Units Based on the Branch History Table Architecture." In VLSI-SoC: Advanced Research for Systems on Chip. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32770-4_7.
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Kunz, Andreas, Bernhard Schick, and Steffen Lange. "Predictive Energy Management Strategies in Virtual Driving Tests: Early Evaluation of Networked Controller Functions in Realistic Use Cases." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33738-3_35.
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Smidts, Carol, and Ying Shi. "A Test Coverage-Based Model for Predicting Software Fault Content and Location during Multi-phase Functional Testing." In Advances in Software Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10619-4_39.
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Szeliga, Danuta, Natalia Jażdżewska, Jakub Foryś, et al. "Sensitivity Analysis and Formulation of the Inverse Problem in the Stochastic Approach to Modelling of Phase Transformations in Steels." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58006-2_13.
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AbstractThe need for a reliable prediction of the distribution of microstructural parameters in metallic materials after processing was the motivation for this work. The model describing phase transformations, which considers the stochastic character of the nucleation of the new phase, was formulated. Numerical tests of the model, including sensitivity analysis, were performed and the optimal parameters such as time step, kind of the random numbers generator (RNG) and the number of the Monte Carlo points were determined. The validation of the model requires an application of proper coefficients corresponding to the considered materials. These coefficients have to be identified through the inverse analysis, which, on the other hand, uses optimization methods and requires the formulation of the appropriate objective function. Since the model involves stochastic parameters, it is a crucial task. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, a specific form of the objective function for the inverse analysis was developed. In the first approach, an objective function based on measurements of the average parameters was used and primary optimization was performed. Various optimization methods were tested. In the second approach, the hybrid objective function, which combined measured average transformation temperatures with a measure based on histograms, was used. Since, at this stage, we do not have measurements of the distribution of microstructural features, the basic histograms were generated by the model with the coefficients obtained in the first step of the optimization. The capability of finding the optimal solution for different starting points was evaluated and various approaches were compared. The elaborated original stochastic approach to modelling the phase transformations occurring during cooling after hot forming was validated on selected carbon steel.
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Altaf, Ifra, Muheet Ahmed Butt, and Majid Zaman. "Disease Detection and Prediction Using the Liver Function Test Data: A Review of Machine Learning Algorithms." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2597-8_68.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Predictive functional tests"
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Zhang, Yuan, Wanhong Huang, Yi Feng, et al. "LJPCheck: Functional Tests for Legal Judgment Prediction." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.350.
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Ciappi, E., F. Magionesi, S. De Rosa, and F. Franco. "A Dimensionless Representation of the Turbulence Driven Panel Response." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30021.
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In this paper a summary is presented concerning several experiences in predicting and measuring the structural response under turbulent boundary layer excitations. The theoretical, numerical and experimental evaluations involved both wind tunnel and towing tank (water) tests in which a flow wetted a plane plate over one face. A critical review of all these sets is presented together with the possibility to adopt a dimensionless representation for the response. This is done in order to tentatively compare measurement sets and/or predictive results obtained in nominally different conditions. Specifically, the attention is devoted to the definition of the possible normalisation of the required axes: the excitation frequency and the response metric. To this aim relations suggested by the dimensional analysis are applied to four distinct data sets finding the best choice of dimensionless parameters that allow the collapse of the different curves in a single one. The functional relations between these parameters are discussed and an analytical expression for the dimensionless plate response is obtained.
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Fayssal, Iyad, Fadl Moukalled, Samir Alam, Robert Habib, and Hussain Ismaeel. "The Development of a Robust Low Computational Cost Diagnostic Tool to Evaluate Stenosis Functional Significance in Human Coronary Arteries." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51532.
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There is discordance between the anatomic severities of the coronary narrowing and their corresponding functional significance. Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is among the physiological parameters invasively measured to assess the hemodynamic significance of a stenosis during maximal hyperemia. FFR values ≤ 0.8 indicate that the downstream heart tissue perfused by this vessel is at risk for ischemia. While measuring FFR is an invasive procedure that is expensive, time consuming, and not without complications, recently, noninvasive estimation of FFR was shown to be possible from comprehensive predictive techniques allowing the computation of in-vivo FFR. However, these non-invasive methods are associated with high computational cost and require high performance computing technology, thus, reducing their wide adoption in clinics. This paper is steered to achieve two main goals: (1) to develop a fast numerical method to aid clinicians assessing ischemia level and determine if coronary revascularization (PCI) is required in human diseased coronary arteries with minimum time and computer resources; (2) to develop a robust method which allows predicting the patient FFR independently of the actual in-vivo physiologic conditions (mainly pressure) of the specific patient. The numerical framework was designed by adopting the finite volume method to generate the discrete model of the Reynolds average form of conservation equations used to predict blood hemodynamics. Two strategies were investigated to reduce computational cost while retaining solution accuracy. The first strategy is based on isolating the diseased artery from its branch tree and simulating it separately without implicitly integrating other arterial segments. A lumped dynamic model with special numerical treatment is coupled to the 3D domain outlet boundary to account for the downstream effects from the vascular bed. The second strategy is based on replacing a full transient simulation by a steady state one performed under mean conditions of pressure and blood volume flow rate. The strategy was applied on a healthy (hypothetical) and stenosed arterial segments with different stenosis severities simulated under rest and hyperemic conditions. An excellent agreement was achieved for FFR values computed from full transient simulations with the ones obtained from steady state simulation (error < 0.2 % was obtained for all test cases). The computational cost for the mean condition scenario was 0.1 that of a full transient simulation. The robustness of the method was tested by varying inflow conditions and reporting their effect on FFR. Interestingly, the predicted ischemia level was not altered when the inlet pressure was increased by 10 % from the base case. An analytical model was derived to explain the FFR independency of patient in-vivo coronary pressure. These promising findings from the numerical tests performed on idealized healthy and stenosed arterial models could significantly impact the applicability of the developed methodology and translating it into future practical clinical applications.
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Cadei, Luca, Gianmarco Rossi, Lorenzo Lancia, et al. "Hazardous Events Prevention and Management Through an Integrated Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics Framework." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200110-ms.
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Abstract This paper reports the development and tests of an advance methodologies to predict Upstream plant risky events, such as flaring, applying an integrated framework. The core idea is to exploit Machine Learning and big data analytics techniques to tackle and manage both major upsets that would lead to significant inefficiency and loss. The tool is developed for complex upstream production system, where upset could be caused by a huge amount of heterogeneous factors, exploiting data driven monitoring systems to identify the weak signals of the upcoming events. The framework proposed is mainly composed by a strong pipeline divided in 3 modules operating before (predictive phase), during and after the event. The former aims to reduce the probability of an event, the second works on the severity and the third one has a dual function: reporting upsets and feedback gathering system to be used to further improve the analytics implemented. The Predictive component alerts operators when it recognizes a dangerous pattern among the parameters considered. The other two components can support this one and can be exploited to detect early signs of deviations from the proper operating envelope, while predictive performances are not satisfying. Moreover, during an event occurrence, operators can promptly identify the causes of the upset through the entire production system. This allows a faster reaction and consequently a significant reduction in magnitude. The solution proposed provides 2 complementary methodologies: an agnostic anomaly detection system, helping to map plant functional unit anomalous behavior, as a dynamic operating envelope, and identifying the most affected ones; A real time root-cause analysis, as a vertical solution, obtained learning from the monitoring of the different specific functional unit; The tool is also able to provide an automatic event register using information provided by the root-cause system, including operator feedbacks that will improve the performances of each module of the framework. The entire pipeline developed has been applied on-line, working with real time data coming from an operating oilfield, with special focus on blowdown and flaring system. The robust architecture generated is able to overcome some main issues related to the complexity of Upstream production assets such as lack of data, quick dynamic of physical phenomena analysed and randomness of upsets. The first test demonstrates that the tool accuracy allows to identify and suggest actions on 35% of the most dangerous flaring events occurring. Moreover, the effectiveness increase significantly proving a real time root-cause analysis considering both strong and weak signals that cause dangerous overpressures through the treatment plant.
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Borell, Jonas, Anna-lisa Osvalder, and Bijan Aryana. "Evaluating the Correct Usage, Comfort and Fit of Personal Protective Equipment in Construction Work." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004812.
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Several factors contribute to the use, non-use, or inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in construction work. This study aimed to analyse correct usage of various PPE, such as helmet, ear protectors, goggles, respiratory mask, gloves, protective clothing, and a safety harness. Correct usage was assessed as guessability, which refers to human perceptions of how to don, adjust, use, and doff the equipment as intended. First an analytical evaluation was conducted using ECW (enhanced cognitive walkthrough) and PUEA (predictive use error analysis) to identify usability problems and use errors during handling. Then usability tests were performed with 13 persons of different heights and body constitutions. Observations, the think-aloud method, short interviews, and subjective estimations were employed. The analytical evaluation revealed most minor usability problems and use errors resulting in physical discomfort. Some safety harness-related errors emerged, particularly for novices, potentially leading to severe incidents. The usability tests demonstrated physical as well as functional discomfort when using a combination of PPE, intensifying over time. The combination of goggles and face mask caused pressure, chafing, heat rash and limited vision. The helmet, combined with goggles and ear protectors, did not fit well, and caused pressure. The guessability for donning and wearing the combination of PPE was moderate, requiring time for proper adjustment. The guessability of the safety harness was poor, lacking design cues for donning, adjusting, and positioning on skeletal bones. Physical discomfort arose when straps were overly tightened. Not all straps could be adjusted for some body constitutions, compromising safety. In conclusion, using several types of PPE together may lead to physical and functional discomfort and pain over time, potentially resulting in misuse, non-use, or reduced performance. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for redesigning PPE, particularly for scenarios involving combined usage.
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Sun, Zhaohui, Tiebin Wang, Zefeng Wu, and Guangqiang Zhu. "The gradation test prediction model of GAC-20 modified asphalt mixture." In The 4th Chinese–European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design, CEW 2016. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315643274-186.
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Keskin, Akin, and Rob Fox. "The Road to a Digital Twin for Fan-Blade Off and Thermally Enabled Structural Analyses of Aero Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-84296.
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Abstract Digital Twin is not a buzz word anymore and started to become reality in many industrial applications. The Digital Twin concept does allow design, analysis, test, manufacturing and service data to be merged more closely together to provide an additional value stream for the industry which can help in better product definition, reduced time-to-market, reduced development cost, understanding of in-service events and predictions of product behaviours based on service data. Over the last decade Rolls-Royce has been working to use high-fidelity simulations models together with test data to create models that can be used more in predictive modes to support expensive physical tests and ultimately replace those with cheaper and more flexible computer models. The paper is going to discuss the journey taken to utilize a Digital Twin of an aero engine to support safety assessment of fan-blade off events but also how the same concept can be used to create a thermally enabled structural model to assess component movements under changing operating conditions with the aim to optimize design. Both Digital Twin models can be of much use in the design, certification but also services phase to understand behaviour and characteristics of the product and its individual sub-modules. The presented work will focus on the model creation aspect, the emphasis into the required accuracy of each modelling step and the link between test and design data for a more seamlessly integration of multiple disciplines. The paper will include a comparison of simulation and test data and will discuss areas of alignment and misalignment and the conclusion that need to be drawn. Furthermore the paper will depict areas of research needed to improve simulation capability, the importance of close collaboration between industry, academia and authorities, and the significance in having a cross-functional team with experts from various disciplines to contribute to the model set up, run and post-processing to maximize the insight.
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Strogonov, A. V., V. V. Maltsev, and R. P. Alekseev. "SIMULATION OF Si-SiO2 INTERFACE DEPASSIVATION IN LDMOS TRANSISTORS." In Actual problems of physical and functional electronics. Ulyanovsk State Technical University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61527/appfe-2024.231-233.
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Reliability of microwave LDMOS transistors is one of the key tasks in their design. Modeling of transistor structures using specialized CAD tools allows predicting the service life of devices under various test conditions, which helps to reduce the number of defective products. One of the main factors in the degradation of the electrophysical characteristics of transistors is the rupture of hydrogen bonds at the interfaces, which leads to an increase in interband traps. Modeling of broken bonds was carried out on a test structure of an LDMOS transistor developed using the technology of JSC NIIET, using the Sentaurus instrumental and technological CAD system.
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Gonçalves, Gil, Sara Cabral, and António Paulo Lopes. "Predicting ambulatory oxygen indications with lung function tests." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa480.
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Taha, Kamal. "Predicting the Functions of Proteins from their Co-occurrences with Implicit and Explicit Functional Terms in Texts." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb.2019.8791448.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Predictive functional tests"
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Wright, Adam, Marija Milacic, Karen Rothfels, et al. Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Reactome's Curated Biological Pathways. Reactome, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221109wright.
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Reactome is a database of human biological pathways manually curated from the primary literature and peer-reviewed by experts. To evaluate the utility of Reactome pathways for predicting functional consequences of genetic perturbations, we compared predictions of perturbation effects based on Reactome pathways against published empirical observations. Ten cancer-relevant Reactome pathways, representing diverse biological processes such as signal transduction, cell division, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation, were selected for testing. For each pathway, root input nodes and key pathway outputs were defined. We then used pathway-diagram-derived logic graphs to predict, either by inspection by biocurators or using a novel algorithm MP-BioPath, the effects of bidirectional perturbations (upregulation/activation or downregulation/inhibition) of single root inputs on the status of key outputs. These predictions were then compared to published empirical tests.
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Howard, Isaac, Thomas Allard, Ashley Carey, Matthew Priddy, Alta Knizley, and Jameson Shannon. Development of CORPS-STIF 1.0 with application to ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40440.
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This report introduces the first release of CORPS-STIF (Concrete Observations Repository and Predictive Software – Structural and Thermodynamical Integrated Framework). CORPS-STIF is envisioned to be used as a tool to optimize material constituents and geometries of mass concrete placements specifically for ultra-high performance concretes (UHPCs). An observations repository (OR) containing results of 649 mechanical property tests and 10 thermodynamical tests were recorded to be used as inputs for current and future releases. A thermodynamical integrated framework (TIF) was developed where the heat transfer coefficient was a function of temperature and determined at each time step. A structural integrated framework (SIF) modeled strength development in cylinders that underwent isothermal curing. CORPS-STIF represents a step toward understanding and predicting strength gain of UHPC for full-scale structures and specifically in mass concrete.
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Upadhyaya, Shrini, Dan Wolf, William J. Chancellor, Itzhak Shmulevich, and Amos Hadas. Traction-Soil Compaction Tradeoffs as a Function of Dynamic Soil-Tire Interation Due to Varying Soil and Loading Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612832.bard.
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The objectives of this study were to investigate soil-pneumatic tire interaction and develop traction-soil compaction prediction model. We have developed an inverse solution technique that employs a response surface methodology to determine engineering properties of soil in-situ. This technique is useful in obtaining actual properties of soil in-situ for use in traction and soil compaction studies rather than using the values obtained in the laboratory by employing remolded and/or disturbed soil samples. We have conducted extensive field tests i the U.S. to develop semi-empirical traction prediction equation for radial ply tires. A user friendly traction-soil compaction program was developed to predict tractive ability of radial ply tires using several different techniques and to estimate soil compaction induced by these tires. A traction prediction model that incorporates strain rate effects on the tractive ability of tires was developed in Israel. A mobile single wheel tester and an in-situ soil test device were developed i Israel to significantly enhance the ability of Israeli investigators to conduct traction-soil compaction research. This project has resulted in close cooperation between UCD, Technion, and ARO, which will be instrumental in future collaboration.
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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Mimoun Elboujdaini, Ming Gao, and Ramiro Vanoye. PR-328-133702-R02 F-S Fatigue Testing of Crack-in-Dent with Framework for Life Prediction. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011628.
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ASME B31.8 states that "Dents that contain stress corrosion cracking or other cracks are injurious to the pipeline" and therefore, requires immediate attention by the Operators. Dent containing crack fields (colonies) are often observed in liquid pipelines. The recently completed PRCI research project MD-1N "Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline" showed evidence of a mechanism for fatigue cracking. The crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor was estimated using the measured spacings of fatigue striations from fracture surfaces based on the assumption that the formation of fatigue striations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. However, due to the lack of full-scale fatigue crack growth data, the success was limited. This gap prompted PRCI to launch a full-scale experimental investigation of crack growth rates of cracks in dents under cyclic pressure load in the simulated groundwater NS4 environment (PRC-328-133702, MD-1Q). The objective of the study was to determine the crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor, the number of cycles to failure, and the failure modes of cracks in dents. The test results would be used to evaluate the validity of cycle-by-cycle based assumption for crack growth rate estimation from the measured fatigue-striation-spacing. The investigation was also aimed at establishing a framework for remaining fatigue life prediction of cracks in dents in liquid pipelines. This framework would benefit liquid pipeline Operators to manage better the integrity of dents associated with corrosion fatigue cracking in groundwater. A total of six pipe samples containing cracks in shallow dents excavated from a retired 24-inch diameter liquid transmission pipeline were available and used for the full-scale fatigue tests. The test system developed under the project consisted of four components: (1) a computer-controlled hydraulic pressure cycling system, (2) an environment chamber containing a simulated groundwater NS4 solution mounted on the pipe in around the dent region to provide a simulated field environment condition; (3) real-time crack growth monitoring systems including direct cur-rent potential drop (DCPD), Clip gage and Strain gage; (4) data acquisition system. The cyclic pressure range used in the fatigue tests was 78 to 780 psig (72%SMYS) with R=0.1, which was based on historical operational pressure data and the Rain flow analysis. A constant frequency of 0.0526 Hz was selected for the testing to ensure the frequency requirement for corrosion fatigue is met. The remaining fatigue life of cracks-in-dents and failure modes were evaluated using the full-scale fatigue test results. Further, fatigue crack growth rates were established. Finally, a framework was developed for the life prediction of cracks in shallow dents based on the findings from six full-scale fatigue cyclic tests. This framework will assist liquid pipeline operators to estimate the remaining fatigue life for cracks in shallow dents utilizing inputs from ILI and pipeline's historical operational pressure fluctuation data and to mitigate the threat of cracks in dents in a timely manner. There is a related webinar.
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Fangyu Liu, Angeli Jayme, and Imad Al-Qadi. Prediction of Pavement Damage under Truck Platoons Utilizing a Combined Finite Element and Artificial Intelligence Model. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-030.
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For robust pavement design, accurate damage computation is essential, especially for loading scenarios such as truck platoons. Studies have developed a framework to compute pavement distresses as function of lateral position, spacing, and market-penetration level of truck platoons. The established framework uses a robust 3D pavement model, along with the AASHTOWare Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guidelines (MEPDG) transfer functions to compute pavement distresses. However, transfer functions include high variability and lack physical significance. Therefore, as an improvement to effectively predict permanent deformation, this study utilized a conventional Burger’s model, incorporating a nonlinear power-law dashpot, in lieu of a transfer function. Key components, including stress increments and the Jacobian, were derived for implementation in ABAQUS as a user subroutine. Model parameters were determined through asphalt concrete (AC) flow number and dynamic modulus tests. Using a nonlinear power-law dashpot, the model accurately characterized rutting under varying conditions. The Burger’s model was both verified and validated to check the accuracy of implementation and representative of the actual behavior, respectively. Initially developed in 1D domain, the validated Burger’s model was integrated into the robust 3D finite element (FE) pavement model to predict permanent deformation. A new load-pass approach (LPA) enabled reduction in computational domain and cost, along with implementing transient loads more efficiently. The combined integration of the LPA and the Burger’s model into the pavement model effectively captured the rutting progression per loading cycle. Moreover, a graph neural network (GNN) was established to extend the prediction power of the framework, while strategically limiting the FE numerical matrix. The FE model data was transformed into a graph structure, converting FE model components into corresponding graph nodes and edges. The GNN-based pavement simulator (GPS) was developed to model 3D pavement responses, integrating three key components: encoder, processor, and decoder. The GPS model employed two-layer multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for the encoder and decoder, while utilizing graph network (GN) technology for the processor. Validation occurred through two case studies—OneStep and Rollout—with results compared against FE model data as ground truth. Results demonstrated that the GPS model provides an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to traditional 3D pavement FE simulations.
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Thompson and Lawson. L51959 Cathodic Protection Requirements for Mitigation Corrosion on Buried Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011277.
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As pipelines age, the need for predictive capability and comprehensive models for cathodic protection and corrosion mitigation is becoming significantly more critical. It is imperative that such models be developed to insure future pipeline integrity and risk management that is both economically feasible and utilizes best-practice engineering. Present cathodic protection (CP) models are based on a simplified mechanism of cathodic protection that does not explain certain basic field observations for operating underground pipelines. In addition, the lack of a comprehensive mechanism for cathodic protection of steel in soil environments has prevented industry from developing predictive models for (1) establishing long-term cathodic protection current requirements as a function of pipeline conditions and (2) quantifying the magnitude of corrosion mitigation for a specific level of cathodic polarization. In this study, long-term laboratory experiments were used to define and quantify an environmental polarization effect. The environmental polarization term was capable of explaining most of the field observations concerning current requirements and depolarization. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were utilized to quantify the effects of environmental polarization.
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Ye, Yuan. A Systematic Review of the Combined Application of Functional Movement Screen and Y Balance Test in Predicting Athletic Injuries. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.10.0044.
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Esparza and Westine. L51482 Well Casing Response to Buried Explosive Detonations. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010272.
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Occasionally, buried explosives are used within proximity of producing oil and gas wells which increases the stresses in the casing near the explosion which may result in failure of the well. A procedure was needed for predicting the maximum stresses in producing oil and gas wells, specifically the well casing, induced by nearby, buried, explosive detonations. An extensive experimental and analytical program were funded and performed over a six (6) year period 1975-1981. The program was divided into two (2) parts: In the first part, similitude theory, empirical analyses and test data were used to derive equations for estimating maximum ground displacement and particle velocity. The ground motions provided the forcing function imparted to a buried pipeline. In the second part, similitude theory, conservation of mass and momentum, and approximate energy methods were used to derive functional relationships for the maximum pipe strains and stresses. Experimental data from more than sixty (60) field tests ere used to develop equations for estimating maximum pipe stresses induced by point and parallel line explosive sources buried in homogeneous soil media. The pipe stress and ground motion data from these experiments were used to develop an equation for computing an effective standoff distance so that the point source soil equations could be used to approximate the casing response. The large amount of data used and the wide range of these data make the solutions applicable to most blasting situations near producing oil and gas wells. This report provides comprehensive and detailed information for pipeline as well as oil and gas operators to predict the effect of buried explosives and thus the safety of a well(s) while in-service through proper assessment of stresses and guidelines for the appropriate selection of explosive charges, techniques and methods. This will avoid unexpected damages, operational costs, provide guidance for \operator qualification\" for blasting near in-service wells and minimize liabilities to the operator.
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Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.
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The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
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Tiku, Sanjay, Aaron Dinovitzer, Vlad Semiga, and Binoy John. PR-214-073510-Z01 FS Fatigue Testing Plain Dents+Dents Interacting with Welds and Metal Loss with Data. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011514.
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Dents in buried pipelines occur due to a number of potential causes; the pipe resting on rock, third party machinery strike, rock strikes during backfilling, amongst others. The long-term integrity of a dented pipeline segment is a complex function of a variety of parameters, including pipe geom-etry, indenter shape, dent depth, indenter support, pressure history at and following indentation. In order to estimate the safe remaining operational life of a dented pipeline, all of these factors must be accounted for in the analysis. In order to characterize the severity of a dent on the integrity of a pipeline system, there must first be sufficient information available describing the behavior of the deformed pipe when subjected to typical loading scenarios. While there have been a number of full scale test programs that have been used to develop general trends in the behavior of dented pipe subjected to cyclic pressure loads, these programs have not produced sufficiently detailed information in terms of material properties, dent and pipe response to pressure loading, to form the basis of a severity assessment criterion. The objective of the current project was to generate full scale dent fatigue test data necessary to develop, validate and/or evaluate dent models capable of predicting cyclic internal pressure related failures of a pipe segment. The data generated included: detailed material characterization of the pipes involved in full scale test program, dent profile measurement, dent strains during dent for-mation and cyclic loading and recording of the details of fatigue crack location and orientation within a dent. The test program developed detailed experimental data for: - Unrestrained plain dents, - Restrained plain dents, - Dents interacting with welds and - Dents interacting with metal loss.