Thematische Bibliographien / Precision public health

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Precision public health“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Precision public health"

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Olstad, Dana Lee, und Lynn McIntyre. „Reconceptualising precision public health“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 9 (September 2019): e030279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030279.

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As currently conceived, precision public health is at risk of becoming precision medicine at a population level. This paper outlines a framework for precision public health that, in contrast to its current operationalisation, is consistent with public health principles because it integrates factors at all levels, while illuminating social position as a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. We review conceptual foundations of public health, outline a proposed framework for precision public health and describe its operationalisation within research and practice. Social position shapes individuals’ unequal experiences of the social determinants of health. Thus, in our formulation, precision public health investigates how multiple dimensions of social position interact to confer health risk differently for precisely defined population subgroups according to the social contexts in which they are embedded, while considering relevant biological and behavioural factors. It leverages this information to uncover the precise and intersecting social structures that pattern health outcomes, and to identify actionable interventions within the social contexts of affected groups. We contend that studies informed by this framework offer greater potential to improve health than current conceptualisations of precision public health that do not address root causes. Moreover, expanding beyond master categories of social position and operationalising these categories in more precise ways across time and place can enrich public health research through greater attention to the heterogeneity of social positions, their causes and health effects, leading to the identification of points of intervention that are specific enough to be useful in reducing health inequities. Failure to attend to this level of particularity may mask the true nature of health risk, the causal mechanisms at play and appropriate interventions. Conceptualised thus, precision public health is a research endeavour with much to offer by way of understanding and intervening on the causes of poor health and health inequities.As currently conceived, precision public health is at risk of becoming precision medicine at a population level. This paper outlines a framework for precision public health that, in contrast to its current operationalization, is consistent with public health principles because it integrates factors at all levels, while illuminating social position as a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. We review conceptual foundations of public health, outline a proposed framework for precision public health and describe its operationalization within research and practice. Social position shapes individuals’ unequal experiences of the social determinants of health. Thus, in our formulation, precision public health investigates how multiple dimensions of social position interact to confer health risk differently for precisely defined population subgroups according to the social contexts in which they are embedded, while considering relevant biological and behavioural factors. It leverages this information to uncover the precise and intersecting social structures that pattern health outcomes, and to identify actionable interventions within the social contexts of affected groups. We contend that studies informed by this framework offer greater potential to improve health than current conceptualizations of precision public health that do not address root causes. Moreover, expanding beyond master categories of social position and operationalizing these categories in more precise ways across time and place can enrich public health research through greater attention to the heterogeneity of social positions, their causes and health effects, leading to identification of points of intervention that are specific enough to be useful in reducing health inequities. Failure to attend to this level of particularity may mask the true nature of health risk, the causal mechanisms at play and appropriate interventions. Conceptualized thus, precision public health is a research endeavour with much to offer by way of understanding and intervening on the causes of poor health and health inequities.
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Kenney, Martha, und Laura Mamo. „The imaginary of precision public health“. Medical Humanities 46, Nr. 3 (16.08.2019): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011597.

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In recent years, precision medicine has emerged as a charismatic name for a growing movement to revolutionise biomedicine by bringing genomic knowledge and sequencing to clinical care. Increasingly, the precision revolution has also included a new paradigm called precision public health—part genomics, part informatics, part public health and part biomedicine. Advocates of precision public health, such as Sue Desmond-Hellmann, argue that adopting cutting-edge big data approaches will allow public health actors to precisely target populations who experience the highest burden of disease and mortality, creating more equitable health futures. In this article we analyse precision public health as a sociotechnical imaginary, examining how calls for precision shape which public health efforts are seen as necessary and desirable. By comparing the rhetoric of precision public health to precision warfare, we find that precision prescribes technical solutions to complex problems and promises data-driven futures free of uncertainty, unnecessary suffering and inefficient use of resources. We look at how these imagined futures shape the present as they animate public health initiatives in the Global South funded by powerful philanthropic organisations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as local efforts to address cancer disparities in San Francisco. Through our analysis of the imaginary of precision public health, we identify an emerging tension between health equity goals and precision’s technical solutions. Using large datasets to target interventions with greater precision, we argue, fails to address the upstream social determinants of health that give rise to health disparities worldwide. Therefore, we urge caution around investing in precision without a complementary commitment to addressing the social and economic conditions that are the root cause of health inequality.
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Reich, Brian J., und Murali Haran. „Precision maps for public health“. Nature 555, Nr. 7694 (28.02.2018): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02096-w.

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Khoury, Muin J., Michael F. Iademarco und William T. Riley. „Precision Public Health for the Era of Precision Medicine“. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 50, Nr. 3 (März 2016): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.031.

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Chowkwanyun, Merlin, Ronald Bayer und Sandro Galea. „Precision public health: pitfalls and promises“. Lancet 393, Nr. 10183 (Mai 2019): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33187-8.

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Arnett, Donna K., und Steven A. Claas. „Precision Medicine, Genomics, and Public Health“. Diabetes Care 39, Nr. 11 (25.10.2016): 1870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1763.

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Kee, Frank, und David Taylor-Robinson. „Scientific challenges for precision public health“. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, Nr. 4 (23.01.2020): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213311.

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The notion of ‘precision’ public health has been the subject of much debate, with recent articles coming to its defence following the publication of several papers questioning its value.Critics of precision public health raise the following problems and questionable assumptions: the inherent limits of prediction for individuals; the limits of approaches to prevention that rely on individual agency, in particular the potential for these approaches to widen inequalities; the undue emphasis on the supposed new information contained in individuals’ molecules and their ‘big data’ at the expense of their own preferences for a particular intervention strategy and the diversion of resources and attention from the social determinants of health.In order to refocus some of these criticisms of precision public health as scientific questions, this article outlines some of the challenges when defining risk for individuals; the limitations of current theory and study design for precision public health; and the potential for unintended harms.
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Dowell, Scott F., David Blazes und Susan Desmond-Hellmann. „Four steps to precision public health“. Nature 540, Nr. 7632 (Dezember 2016): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/540189a.

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Khoury, Muin J., M. Scott Bowen, Mindy Clyne, W. David Dotson, Marta L. Gwinn, Ridgely Fisk Green, Katherine Kolor, Juan L. Rodriguez, Anja Wulf und Wei Yu. „From public health genomics to precision public health: a 20-year journey“. Genetics in Medicine 20, Nr. 6 (14.12.2017): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.211.

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Ollier, William, Kenneth R. Muir, Artitaya Lophatananon, Arpana Verma und Martin Yuille. „Risk biomarkers enable precision in public health“. Personalized Medicine 15, Nr. 4 (Juli 2018): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme-2017-0068.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Precision public health"

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Arnold, Matthias [Verfasser]. „Linking Precision Medicine to Public Health: An Economic Perspective on Mammography Screening / Matthias Arnold“. München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168534283/34.

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Lyttkens, Peter. „Epidemiologiska modeller för herpesvirusets roll i kognitiv svikt“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Folkhälsovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447420.

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Introduction: Cognitive impairment is converted for 15% to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is incurable. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and its interaction with allele ε4 of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-ε4) may be possible risk factors for cognitive impairment. Here, suggestions for implementation of Precision Public Health (PPH) is also presented; population studies of relevant biomarkers of infectious burden and data from health outcomes with the aim of remedying public health crises, monitoring diseases, anticipating risks and using public health initiatives adapted to risk groups to increase understanding of diseases, such as AD. Method: An analysis of 1013 people aged 75 from the cohort, Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), was performed. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to investigate whether anti-HSV1 IgG and ApoE-ε4 are associated with risk of developing cognitive impairment over 5 years. Anti-HSV1 IgG in serum was detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and cognitive impairment was examined by Mini Mental State Examination. Results: Neither anti-HSV1 IgG positivity nor its interaction with ApoE-ε4 were associated with cognitive impairment. Discussion: Studies of HSV1 without HSV2 or HSV show mixed results. Therefore, we do not yet have sufficient evidence to implement PPH-interventions against these risks. Other cognitive tests that are more sensitive to early changes and adjustment for underrepresented groups may potentially contribute to a more accurate analysis.
Bakgrund: Kognitiv nedsättning övergår för 15 % till Alzheimers sjukdom (AD) som är obotlig. Denna studie har målsättningen att undersöka om Herpes simplex virus typ 1 (HSV1) och dess interaktion med riskvarianten allel ε4 av genen Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-ε4) kan vara möjliga riskfaktorer för kognitiv nedsättning. I arbetet diskuteras även hur man genom Precision Public Health (PPH) kan studera befolkningen med avseende på relevanta biomarkörer och data från hälsoutfall med syfte att avhjälpa folkhälsokriser, övervaka sjukdomar och förutse risker såsom sjunkande kognition och med folkhälsoinsatser anpassade till riskgrupper öka förståelsen av dessa tillstånd. Metod: En analys av 1013 personer 75 år ur kohorten ”Prospecive Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors” (PIVUS). Linear mixed models (LMM) användes för att undersöka om anti-HSV1 IgG och ApoE-ε4 är associerade med kognitiv nedsättning under 5 år. Anti-HSV1 IgG i serum detekterades med ”Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays” och kognitiv nedsättning undersöktes med Mini Mental State Examination. Resultat: Anti-HSV1 IgG positivitet var inte associerat med kognitiv nedsättning. Anti-HSV1 IgG positivitet och samtidig ApoE-ε4 var inte heller associerat med kognitiv nedsättning. Diskussion: Andra studier av endast HSV1 utan HSV2 eller HSV visar blandade resultat, varför kunskapsläget idag inte stödjer tillämpning av PPH-interventioner mot dessa risker. Andra kognitiva mått som är känsligare för små förändringar nära intakt kognition samt justering för underrepresenterade grupper kan möjligen bidra till säkrare analys.
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van, Rie A., Viedma D. G. de, Conor J. Meehan, I. Comas, T. H. Heupink, Vos E. De, Onate W. A. de et al. „Whole-genome sequencing for TB source investigations: principles of ethical precision public health“. 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18526.

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BACKGROUND: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis allows rapid, accurate inferences about the sources, location and timing of transmission. However, in an era of heightened concern for personal privacy and science distrust, such inferences could result in unintended harm and undermine the public´s trust. METHODS: We held interdisciplinary stakeholder discussions and performed ethical analyses of real-world illustrative cases to identify principles that optimise benefit and mitigate harm of M. tuberculosis WGS-driven TB source investigations.RESULTS: The speed and precision with which real-time WGS can be used to associate M. tuberculosis strains with sensitive information has raised important concerns. While detailed understanding of transmission events could mitigate harm to vulnerable patients and communities when otherwise unfairly blamed for TB outbreaks, the precision of WGS can also identify transmission events resulting in social blame, fear, discrimination, individual or location stigma, and the use of defaming language by the public, politicians and scientists. Public health programmes should balance the need to safeguard privacy with public health goals, transparency and individual rights, including the right to know who infects whom or where.CONCLUSIONS: Ethical challenges raised by real-time WGS-driven TB source investigation requires public health authorities to move beyond their current legal mandate and embrace transparency, privacy and community engagement.
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Ferrão, João Luís. „Characterising, modelling and mapping malaria occurrence and its mortality trend for precision public health“. Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/64068.

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A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management Specialization in Statistics and Econometrics
This work considers characterizing, modelling and mapping malaria occurrence and its mortality trend for Precision Public Health in Chimoio. Mozambique. Malaria is an ancient disease and a major public concern especially in the African continent. The majority of deaths occur among children living in Africa (91 %), where a child dies every minute and half from malaria. The data for malaria cases and mortality were obtained from the weekly BES from 2006 to 2014 and Civil Registration books from 2007 to 2014respectively. To model malaria cases ARIMA was used while for mortality trends, Intervention time series analysis (ITSA) was used. Package tscount and R version 3.3.2, Biestat 5.0 and SPSS were employed to fit, assess and predict model and statistical analysis. In Chimoio, malaria occurrence and mortality is increasing annually and presents a spatial and temporal pattern peaking during weeks 1 to 12 (January to March). The rural areas of the municipality have more malaria and mortality cases, followed by suburbs, and urban areas have fewer cases. Children under 5 years of age are three times more prone to get malaria than the rest of the population. The Chimoio climate seems ideal for malaria occurrence. Children between 1 – 4 years old are 13% of Chimoio population, but represent 25% of malaria mortalities. The entire municipality presents a malaria risk, 96% with moderate risk and 4% with high-risk areas. The use of Intervention time series analysis approach for modelling malaria mortality is suggested, and on owing to its flexibility and interpretation. The practicality of the statistical modelling method was validated to detect the lagged relationship between malaria cases and mortality. Based on the results, malaria cases and mortality can be predicted two months in advance. This modelling approach is robust, and can predict the expected number of malaria and mortality cases in advance. Thus, timely prevention and control measures can be effectively planned in Chimoio, such as the elimination of vector breeding places, correct time and place to spray insecticides, and awareness campaigns weeks before the malaria peak season. This can lead to a reduction in malaria cases, by knowing the best moment for spraying, saving time and cost of insecticide application and preventive programmes, and guiding smart environmental care (Precision Public Health).
Considera-se neste trabalho a caracterização, modelagem e mapeamento da ocorrência da malaria e suas tendências de mortalidade, para a Saúde Publica de Precisão em Chimoio, Moçambique. A malária é uma doença milenar sendo um grande problema de Saúde Pública, especialmente em África onde ocorre o maior número de mortalidade em crianças (91%) estimando-se que em cada minuto e meio uma criança morre de malária. Os dados de malária e mortalidade foram recolhidos dos Boletins Epidemiológicos Semanais de 2006 a 2014 e dos livros de registos dos Serviços de Registo e Notariado no período entre 2007 a 2014 respetivamente. Para a modelação da malaria foi usado o ARIMA enquanto para as tendências de mortalidade o a análise de série temporal de intervenção (ITSA). Os pacotes estatísticos tscount, R versão 3.3.2, Bioestat 5.0 e o SPSS versão 20 foram usados para modelar, aceder e realizar predição do modelo e testes estatísticos apropriados. Em Chimoio a ocorrência da malaria e mortalidade tendem a crescer anualmente, exibindo padrões temporais e espaciais sendo o seu pico entre as semanas 1 a 12 (janeiro a março) e as áreas rurais apresentam mais malária e mortalidade, seguida dos subúrbios sendo a zona urbana a que menos casos apresenta. +As crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade tem três vezes mais suscetibilidade de contrair malária. O Clima de Chimoio parece ser ideal para a ocorrência da malária. As crianças entre 1 – 4 anos de idade constituem13% da população, entretanto representam 25 % dos casos de mortalidade por malária. Toda a superfície municipal apresenta risco para contrair malaria sendo, 96% áreas de risco moderado e 4% de risco alto. Sugere-se o uso da abordagem de series temporais generalizadas para a modelação devido a sua flexibilidade e facilidade de interpretação. A praticabilidade da modelação estatística foi validada para detetar a distância entre a ocorrência da malária e mortalidade. Com base nos dados a ocorrência de malária e mortalidade podem ser previstos com antecedência. VII Esta forma de abordar a modelação é robusta, pode fazer a previsão atempada da malária e mortalidade, permitindo medidas de prevenção e controlo atempadas e uma planificação efetiva em Chimoio consistindo em eliminação de áreas para a reprodução do vetor, tempo e local correto para a pulverização com inseticidas, fazer as campanhas de prevenção antes do pico da malária. Estas medidas podem resultar em poupança de custos e tempo nas medidas preventivas para além de reduzir os efeitos nefastos para o ambiente (Saúde Publica de Precisão).
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Bücher zum Thema "Precision public health"

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New York (State). Center for Environmental Health. Public health assessment, Hopewell precision area contamination, hamlet of Hopewell Junction, Town of East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York. Troy, N.Y: New York State Department of Health, Center for Environmental Health, 2007.

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Weeramanthri, Tarun, Hugh Dawkins, Gareth Baynam, Matthew Bellgard, Ori Gudes und James Semmens, Hrsg. Precision Public Health. Frontiers Media SA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-501-0.

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Discovering precision health. Wiley-Blackwell, 2020.

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Tudor Edwards, Rhiannon, und Emma McIntosh, Hrsg. Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737483.001.0001.

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Public health has been described as the organized activities of society to improve and protect the health of the population. Health economics applied to public health is the study of how we allocate our scarce societal resources to meet our public health wants and needs in the best way possible. This book presents current thinking on health economics methodology and application to the evaluation of public health interventions (PHIs). It is for health economists working in higher education and public healthcare systems, challenged with the economic evaluation of PHIs, when they have been used to applying health economics and the methods of economic evaluation to narrower clinical interventions in primary or secondary care settings. This book will also be of interest to public health practitioners wanting to incorporate health economics into their daily work. This book covers the history of economics of public health and the economic rationale for government investment in prevention; principles of health economics including scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost; evidence synthesis; key methods of economic evaluation with accompanying case studies; economic modelling of public health interventions; return on investment analysis with national and international case studies; and application of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) to the prioritization of PHIs. It concludes with priorities for research in the field of public health economics, spanning an acknowledgement of the role played by the natural environment in promoting better health, through to precision public health, recognizing the role of genetics, the environment, and socioeconomic status in determining population health.
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Vranich, Belisa, Brian Sabin und Brian Sabin. Breathing for Warriors: Master Your Breath to Unlock More Strength, Greater Endurance, Sharper Precision, Faster Recovery, and an Unshakable Inner Game. Macmillan Audio, 2020.

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Barker, Richard. Getting the environment right. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737780.003.0006.

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The changes proposed to enable sustainable innovation need the right environment in which to occur. Politicians, the media, ethicists, public and patient debate, funding agencies, and investors can all play a major role in supporting the future of medical innovation. Public–private partnerships and life science clusters are vehicles in which the new precision medicine can flourish. However, we need a new ‘social contract’ to underpin the innovation enterprise. Countries that wish to lead in the new era of precision medicine will need to unite their health and innovation policy agendas, be prepared to provide finance to achieve proof of concept, encourage public–private partnerships and the development of life science clusters, set up constructive public and ethical dialogues, invest in developing regulatory science and in bringing patients fully into policy development.
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Skolarus, Ted A., Rachel G. Tabak und Anne E. Sales. Theories, Frameworks, and Models in Implementation Science in Cancer. Herausgegeben von David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton und Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0004.

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This chapter describes implementation theories, models, and frameworks and justifies their systematic use to build understanding of implementation science across the cancer care continuum and, ultimately, facilitate stewardship of effective cancer care and spending across complex clinical and public health contexts. The chapter discusses several previously developed taxonomy and categorization schemes as well as resources to aid implementation researchers and practitioners in their cancer-related implementation science efforts. The importance of precision implementation using systematic theoretical approaches to coincide with precision oncology efforts and funding is also discussed. After providing concrete examples of theory, model, and framework use across the continuum from prevention to palliative care, relevant implementation science opportunities for collaboration, patient-reported outcomes research, de-implementation, and measurement are highlighted as future directions. A case is constructed for the systematic use of theories, models, and frameworks in implementation science and practice.
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Dickenson, Donna. Me Medicine vs. We Medicine: Reclaiming Biotechnology for the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2013.

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Dickenson, Donna. Me Medicine vs. We Medicine: Reclaiming Biotechnology for the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2015.

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Dickenson, Donna. Me Medicine vs. We Medicine: Reclaiming Biotechnology for the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2013.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Precision public health"

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Daughton, Ashlynn R., und Michael J. Paul. „Constructing Accurate Confidence Intervals When Aggregating Social Media Data for Public Health Monitoring“. In Precision Health and Medicine, 9–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24409-5_2.

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Lu, Xing Han, Hiroshi Mamiya, Joseph Vybihal, Yu Ma und David L. Buckeridge. „Guiding Public Health Policy by Using Grocery Transaction Data to Predict Demand for Unhealthy Beverages“. In Precision Health and Medicine, 169–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24409-5_16.

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Talukder, Asoke K. „Big Data Analytics Advances in Health Intelligence, Public Health, and Evidence-Based Precision Medicine“. In Big Data Analytics, 243–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72413-3_17.

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Baynam, Gareth, Faye Bowman, Karla Lister, Caroline E. Walker, Nicholas Pachter, Jack Goldblatt, Kym M. Boycott et al. „Improved Diagnosis and Care for Rare Diseases through Implementation of Precision Public Health Framework“. In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 55–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_4.

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Blazes, David L., und Scott F. Dowell. „The role of disease surveillance in precision public health“. In Genomic and Precision Medicine, 257–65. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801496-7.00015-0.

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Sivadas, Ambily, und Vinod Scaria. „Population-scale genomics—Enabling precision public health“. In Advances in Genetics, 119–61. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2018.09.001.

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„29. Public Health in the Precision-Medicine Era“. In Beyond Bioethics, 267–70. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520961944-034.

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Gulliford, Martin, Edmund Jessop und Lucy Yardley. „Digital healthcare public health“. In Healthcare Public Health, 187–200. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837206.003.0015.

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New digital technologies are having important impacts on the practice of public health and the organization and delivery of healthcare. Developments in information technology ensure that public health information is now available in more timely and accessible formats; data linkage has enriched public health information by making it possible to analyse multiple data sources simultaneously; and the use of smart devices and smart cards is generating even larger data resources that may be utilized for public health benefit. Computationally intensive approaches, derived from machine learning and artificial intelligence research, can be employed to develop algorithms that may efficiently automate healthcare-related tasks that previously relied on human analytical capabilities. Prediction modelling and risk stratification are being developed to promote precision public health. Increasing population coverage, with smartphones and other smart devices, makes it possible to deliver health-related interventions remotely, blurring the distinction between healthcare and public health. The availability of social media makes the exchange of knowledge and opinion more open, but this may also contribute to the propagation of false information that may be detrimental to public health. Public health needs to embrace and understand these developments in order to be at the forefront in harnessing these new technologies to improve population health and reduce inequalities. This must be accompanied by awareness of some of the ethical challenges of big-data analysis, the potential limitations of new analytical techniques, the relevance of behavioural science in understanding the human–machine interface, and the importance of critical evaluation in an era of rapid change.
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Randall, James A., und Cara M. Altimus. „Convergence Mental Health“. In Convergence Mental Health, herausgegeben von Garen K. Staglin, 527–44. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197506271.003.0035.

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Precision health arose from a need to treat not just a person’s symptoms retroactively, but a holistic person proactively. Its tenants involve incorporating one’s genome, social, and medical characteristics, in addition to environmental and day-to-day factors in effort to not just treat people, but to keep them healthy. Many of the procedures and technologies in place to foster precision health in the physical medical space may also be extrapolated onto the mental health sphere as well, otherwise known as convergence mental health. This chapter outlines the principles and practices of precision health, including its current state of the science; how private, public, and government institutions may collaborate to foster better preventative mental healthcare; and the barriers and solutions to the universal adoption of precision health/technological integration into mental health-based practices. The four major identified barriers are (i) insufficient scientific evidence; (ii) insufficient data sharing between relevant health partners; (iii) lack of field-wide coordination; and (iv) difficulties with access, including: insurance, providers, and availability of practice.
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Edwards, Rhiannon T., Emma McIntosh und Eira Winrow. „International perspectives and future directions for research and policy“. In Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research, 341–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737483.003.0015.

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This final chapter of the book provides an international perspective on health economics applied to public health intervention evaluation, with international examples offered. The chapter sets out research priorities for public health economics: increased use of behavioural economics; ethical considerations of the use of financial incentives in behaviour change; valuing green space in the built environment and valuing nature; exploring the roll of prevention and public health in a circular economy; increased use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA); standardization of return on investment (ROI) and social return on investment (SROI); navigating the research funding environment; precision public health; why many public health programmes fail to demonstrate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; the need for payer thresholds for changes in population health; the challenge posed by assets based interventions; widening the range of costs measured; and publication of economic evaluation of public health interventions (PHIs). The chapter concludes with a review of the entire book and a suggested checklist for the conduct, analysis, and reporting of economic evaluation of PHIs.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Precision public health"

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Belghait, Fodil, Alain April, Pavel Hamet, Johanne Tremblay und Christian Desrosiers. „A Large-scale and Extensible Platform for Precision Medicine Research“. In DPH2019: 9th International Digital Public Health Conference (2019). New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3357729.3357742.

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Odedina, Folakemi. „Abstract IA42: Addressing prostate cancer disparities through precision public health: The CaPTC experience“. In Abstracts: Eleventh AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 2-5, 2018; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-ia42.

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Gonzalez, Evelyn T., Min Nguyen und Shannon Lynch. „Abstract C056: Application of precision public health approaches to maximize limited resources for community-based liver cancer prevention educational sessions“. In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-c056.

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Andres Carmona Cortes, Omar, und Wesley Eduardo de Oliveira Melo. „Utilizando Análise de Sentimentos e SVM na Classificação de Tweets Depressivos“. In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p102-110.

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The number of depression cases has grown worldwide. The WorldHealth Organization estimates that 5.8% of the Brazilian populationalready present depression symptoms. In the world, 4.8% ofthe entire population has presented some symptoms. These dataare alarming because they represent about 12 million people onlyin Brazil and 368 million worldwide. Therefore, it is essential tobuild applications that adequately identify the population’s feelingsabout depression to drive public health policies. Appropriate policiescan save money on public health and keep people active. Thus,this work investigates how to apply machine learning in classifyingdepression posts on Tweeter. The data were extracted from thesocial media network, reaching a total of 31.177 tweets classified asdepressive and non-depressive. The application was implementedin Python with Pandas and SciKit Learning. Results have shownthat SVM overcomes the Naive Bayes algorithm and can reach anaccuracy of 94%, precision of 91%, a recall of 91%, and an F1 Scoreof 91%.
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Rigo, H. Gregor. „Dancing the Emissions Limitation Limbo: How Low Dare You Go?“ In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1022.

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After promulgation of the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Emissions Guidelines (EG) for Large and Small Municipal Waste Combustors (MWCs), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) entered a new regulatory arena – regulating the remaining risks to public health and the environment after Maximum Available Control Technology (MACT) is applied. The residual risk from MWCs is expected to be negligible; however, the public, and some state and local regulators are now looking for ways to assure continuation of the exemplary emissions performance being measured at many of these retrofit sources. Hence, the question now becomes: how low can an achievable emissions limitation be? Confidence should not be placed in a source’s ability to continually meet the low emissions limitations embodied in the MWC EGs and NSPSs. Contrary to assertions in the Response to Comments for the Small MWC regulations [1], the Environmental Protection Agency could not have properly considered and incorporated measurement uncertainty into its dioxin guidelines; no one knew the uncertainty of total dioxin measurements above 28 ng/dsm3 corrected to 7 percent O2 until 2001 when the work supporting this paper was performed. When the 13 ng/dsm3 corrected to 7 percent O2 NSPS for MWCs was developed, the data needed to determine measurement uncertainty of most Section 129 pollutants had not even been collected. Further, asserting that the data used to derive the NSPS emissions limitations include measurement error, and therefore, any data-derived emissions limitations inherently consider that error, is only true if the measurement error is much smaller (say less than 10 percent) than the short and long term variations in emissions performance. Beginning with a set of three total dioxin measurements that averaged 4 ng/dsm3 corrected to 7 percent O2, the emissions limitation meeting the 95 percent statistical confidence level criterion underlying many NSPS, is almost 15 ng/dsm3 corrected to 7 percent O2. If the statistical criterion is changed to inclusion of “almost all” the expected results when these facilities continue to emit as they did during the original data acquisition, the emissions limitation becomes almost 18 ng/dsm3 corrected to 7 percent O2. Consequently, sources must not agree to standards that do not properly consider measurement method precision if they want to avoid exceedances when everything is working properly.
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Yi, Wei-lin, Xiao-hang Zhang, Lu-cheng Ji und Jiang Chen. „Coupled Fluid-Thermal-Solid Simulation of Axial Through-Flow Rotating Cavities“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95053.

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The rotating cavities of aero-engine compressors are the main part of secondary air flow system. It is known that there are typical multidisciplinary fluid-thermal-solid coupling characteristics in them. The high precision prediction of disc surface temperature is very important for structure designer to select materials, control blade clearances et al. The aim of this paper is to investigate the aerodynamic-thermal simulation model to obtain the method and tool for reliable temperature prediction. The paper firstly selected publicly available experimental data of two rotating cavity geometries with twin-discs to validate the precision of established fluid-thermal simulation model with the different grids, difference schemes and turbulence models. The results showed that the RNG-KE turbulence model with QUICK scheme has the better simulation precision for flow structure and Nusselt number distribution. Based on the above research, a fluid-thermal-solid coupling simulation of a twin-cavities model which is approaching to the real conditions of aero-engine has been carried out. The wall temperature distribution on inner surface has been obtained and its maximum error comparing with the experimental value is 8°C. Also the results further validated the reliabilities of the flow model, heat transfer model and fluid-thermal-solid coupling model. The paper also shows the flow field structure of rotating cavity for further understanding the internal flow characteristics.
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Loboda, Igor, Juan Luis Pérez-Ruiz und Sergiy Yepifanov. „A Benchmarking Analysis of a Data-Driven Gas Turbine Diagnostic Approach“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76887.

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In an effort to better compare particular gas turbine diagnostic solutions and recommend the best solution, the software tool called Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy (ProDiMES) has been developed. This benchmarking platform includes a simulator of the aircraft engine fleet with healthy and faulty engines. The platform presents a public approach, at which different investigators can verify and compare their algorithms for the diagnostic stages of feature extraction, fault detection, and fault identification. Using ProDiMES, some different diagnostic solutions have been compared so far. This study presents a new attempt to enhance a gas turbine diagnostic process. A data-driven algorithm that embraces the mentioned three diagnostic stages is verified on the basis of ProDiMES. At the feature extraction stage, this algorithm uses a polynomial model of an engine baseline to compute deviations of actual gas path measurements from the corresponding values of a healthy engine. At the fault detection and fault identification stages, a common classification for fault detection and fault identification is firstly constructed using deviation vectors (patterns). One of the three chosen pattern recognition techniques then performs both fault detection and fault identification as a common process. Numerous numerical experiments have been conducted to select the best configurations of the baseline model, a pertinent structure of the fault classification, and the best recognition technique. The experiments were accompanied by a computational precision analysis for each component of the proposed algorithm. The comparison of the final diagnostic ProDiMES metrics obtained under the selected optimal conditions with the metrics of other diagnostic solutions shows that the proposed algorithm is a promising tool for gas turbine monitoring systems.
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