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1
Manolchev, Constantine Nicolov. „Precarity and precariousness : a study into the impact of low-pay, low-skill employment structures on the experiences of workers in the South West of Britain“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6562.
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This is a study into the impact of precarious work, defined as low-skill and low-pay jobs, on workers in the South West of Britain. In it, I investigate the experiences of three broad groups of precarious workers: migrants, care assistants (adult and nursery) and employees working for ‘Cleanwell’, an international provider of cleaning and catering services. My approach identifies and occupies the central ground between two opposing perspectives. Along with Guy Standing (2014; 2011), I acknowledge the existence of employment structures which can be objectively described as lacking the security of meaningful pay, tenure, access to training and progression. However, I reject the reductive structural determinism, from structures of work towards working experiences, which he implies. With Kevin Doogan (2015; 2013), I recognise the opposing, ‘rising security’ argument which cautions against homogenous classifications of precarious workers. Nevertheless, I view it as incomplete, challenging only the extent of precarity conditions but not the inherently negative experiences associated with them. In my investigation, I distinguish between ‘precarity’, as the terms and conditions of low-pay and low-skill work and ‘precariousness’, conceptualised as the corresponding worker experiences. Grounding my study in a phenomenological paradigm of enquiry and adopting a ‘meaning condensation’ method of analysis (Kvale, 1996), I seek to understand whether workers can re-construct the negative impact of precarious contexts. As a result, I present precariousness as essentially relational and not absolute. Furthermore, the re-construction of the precarious experience draws on the support of social groups and can lead to fulfilling professional identities. Lastly, precariousness can be a pedagogic experience, both positive and developmental, through which workers can follow the example set by parents and grandparents, as well as serving as role-models themselves. In the study, I challenge assumptions that precarious work has a predominantly negative impact on workers, yet caution against arguments for worker collectivisation and resistance. I argue that precariousness is a phenomenon neither fully determined by low-skill, low-pay contexts, nor simply a psychological state manifested in isolation from precarious work. Rather, it is the phenomenological ‘intending’ (Sokolowski, 2000) of precarious structures, that is, the conscious engagement of precarious workers with low-pay and low-skill work through a range of attitudes, beliefs, views and opinions. Defining it in such a way is a departure from conventional approaches and through it, I show that precariousness offers a wider range of, both positive and negative experiences. It is a means through which even the employment context of precarious work can be re-constructed by individual workers who do not have allegiance to a precariat class, whether actual, or ‘in-the-making’ (Standing, 2011).
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Aznar, Erasun Jaime. „From rich to poor : contesting totalizing precarity in the domestic and care sector and the banking sector“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSESAM/2024/2024ULILA019.pdf.
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Cette recherche analyse la précarité comme un concept clé pour comprendre les conditions de travail et les réalités sociales dans le capitalisme tardif, en se concentrant sur les secteurs du travail domestique et de soins, ainsi que sur le secteur bancaire en Espagne. Elle examine comment l'économie politique actuelle a engendré des expériences de précarité qui, bien qu'en expansion et de plus en plus intenses, varient entre ces secteurs. Elle explore également comment les différents groupes sociaux, soumis à des exigences productives distinctes, affrontent et contestent cette précarité. L'étude recueille les témoignages des travailleurs précarisés, en soulignant comment ils sont contraints d'assumer des responsabilités personnelles écrasantes face à une vulnérabilité socio-économique générée politiquement. La thèse met en parallèle les conditions des travailleurs domestiques et de soins - marquées par des salaires bas, une instabilité professionnelle et des emplois fragmentés - avec celles, plus régulées mais tout aussi précaires, du secteur bancaire, où les travailleurs sont confrontés à des stratégies d'entreprises visant à maximiser les profits via la réduction des coûts salariaux, l'automatisation et la restructuration. Grâce à une combinaison de théorie critique et de recherche empirique, l'étude s'appuie sur une analyse marxiste pour éclairer les expériences matérielles et subjectives de la précarité. Elle contribue également aux débats sur les contradictions du capitalisme, le travail et la reproduction sociale, en examinant si ces conditions précaires ouvrent des perspectives d'émancipation. En fin de compte, la recherche souligne que, bien que la précarité touche l'ensemble des travailleurs, elle est particulièrement aiguë dans les secteurs les plus vulnérables, tels que le travail domestique et de soins, où les emplois, malgré leur importance, sont dévalorisés. De plus, elle révèle comment les conditions précaires dans ces secteurs servent à soutenir l'exploitation dans les marchés concentrés, créant ainsi une hiérarchie de précarité soutenue politiquement et économiquementThis dissertation explores precarity as a central concept for understanding contemporary labor and social conditions in late capitalism, focusing on Spain's domestic and care sector and banking sector. It examines how the contemporary political economy has generated expanding and more intense, yet differing experiences of precarity across these sectors and explores how each social group, subjected to different productive requirements navigates and contests precarity. This research has aimed to empirically gather the experiences of precaritized workers, and highlights how workers are forced to bear overwhelming personal responsibilities in the face of politically generated socio economic vulnerability. The thesis contrasts the conditions of domestic and care workers, marked by low wages, job instability, and fragmented employment, with the more regulated and stable employment yet precarious experiences in banking, where workers face corporate strategies aimed at maximizing profit through labor cost reduction, automation, and restructuring. Through a combination of critical theory and empirical research, this study draws on Marxist analysis to shed light on the material and subjective experiences of precarity. It also contributes to broader discussions on capitalism's contradictions, labor, and social reproduction, exploring whether these precarious conditions offer space for emancipatory action. The research highlights that while precarity affects all workers, it is most acute in marginalized sectors like domestic and care work, where workers are undervalued despite being essential. This research also reveals how precarious conditions in low-wage sectors underpin exploitation in concentrated markets, creating a hierarchical structure of precarity that is politically and economically sustained
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Murgia, Annalisa. „Dalla precarietà lavorativa alla precarietà sociale: transizioni biografiche e identitarie tra lavori e non lavoro“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369212.
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L’oggetto di questo lavoro di ricerca concerne il progressivo aumento di nuove forme di lavoro, caratterizzate da un crescente grado di precarietà. In particolare l’attenzione viene rivolta alle implicazioni di tali cambiamenti sui vissuti e sulle biografie individuali. Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i processi e le trasformazioni in corso nel mondo del lavoro e alcune tra le varie posizioni presenti in letteratura sul tema del lavoro “atipico”, cercando di coglierne le implicazioni non solo contrattuali, ma anche relative alla dimensione sociale e ai vissuti personali degli individui. Nel secondo capitolo sono invece descritti i differenti approcci che si sono interessati (e che tuttora si interessano) all’analisi dei percorsi lavorativi, a partire dai filoni di pensiero che si sono occupati di “carriere”, per poi passare al dibattito sviluppatosi intorno al concetto di “boundaryless career”. Nell’intento di adottare nuovi framework teorici e analitici per comprendere in qual modo si articolino le diverse dimensioni che compongono le biografie contemporanee e di ridefinire la strumentazione concettuale con cui tradizionalmente si è guardato alle traiettorie lavorative, viene introdotto il concetto di transizione come chiave di lettura dei percorsi biografici e identitari di donne e uomini che lavorano in maniera temporanea. Il lavoro di ricerca si caratterizza per l’utilizzo di una prospettiva narrativa, attraverso cui sono state analizzate le biografie delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori intermittenti intervistate/i. Partendo dalla complessità e dall’unicità delle narrazioni sono state esplorate le similitudini e le differenze tra due situazioni lavorative che si collocano all’interno di due diversi settori professionali – la pubblica amministrazione e la distribuzione commerciale – e sono caratterizzate da due distinte forme contrattuali – la collaborazione coordinata e continuativa e il lavoro somministrato – entrambe tuttavia contraddistinte dall’instabilità e dalla temporaneità del lavoro. Il contesto territoriale in cui è stata svolta la ricerca è la provincia di Trento, territorio caratterizzato da un basso tasso di disoccupazione e da un elevato sviluppo del settore terziario. L’analisi delle transizioni biografiche tra lavoro e non lavoro viene illustrata nel corso dei capitoli empirici attraverso differenti prospettive temporali: la prima data dal tempo cronologico, che prende in considerazione le transizioni narrate nelle singole storie (tra occupazione, disoccupazione, maternità, malattia, ecc.); la seconda data dai tempi di vita quotidiana, dove per transito si intende il passaggio tra differenti ambiti di vita (lavoro retribuito e non retribuito, tempo libero, ecc.). Nell’ultimo capitolo di analisi empirica l’attenzione è invece rivolta alle rappresentazioni del lavoro dei soggetti intervistati e ai processi di costruzione identitaria in relazione ai modelli sociali e culturali di riferimento. Nelle conclusioni della ricerca vengono proposte delle riflessioni di vario ordine. A livello teorico vengono offerte delle chiavi interpretative dei percorsi lavorativi contemporanei con l’obiettivo di prendere parte al dibattito in merito all’emergere di critiche rilevanti sia nei confronti delle tradizionali categorie della sociologia del lavoro, sia verso le teorie sulle carriere professionali e sui processi strutturali dei corsi di vita. Da un punto di vista metodologico viene invece messa in luce la capacità dell’analisi narrativa di mettere in evidenza l’intersezione tra dimensioni micro e macro. Un ultimo spunto proviene infine dalla considerazione del fatto che le transizioni tra lavori e non lavoro si articolano all’interno di contesti culturali, politici e istituzionali che contribuiscono a dar loro forma e regolano l’accesso ai diritti sociali e ad una piena cittadinanza.
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Murgia, Annalisa. „Dalla precarietà lavorativa alla precarietà sociale: transizioni biografiche e identitarie tra lavori e non lavoro“. Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2008. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/117/1/tesi_dottorato_murgia.pdf.
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L’oggetto di questo lavoro di ricerca concerne il progressivo aumento di nuove forme di lavoro, caratterizzate da un crescente grado di precarietà. In particolare l’attenzione viene rivolta alle implicazioni di tali cambiamenti sui vissuti e sulle biografie individuali.
Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i processi e le trasformazioni in corso nel mondo del lavoro e alcune tra le varie posizioni presenti in letteratura sul tema del lavoro “atipico”, cercando di coglierne le implicazioni non solo contrattuali, ma anche relative alla dimensione sociale e ai vissuti personali degli individui.
Nel secondo capitolo sono invece descritti i differenti approcci che si sono interessati (e che tuttora si interessano) all’analisi dei percorsi lavorativi, a partire dai filoni di pensiero che si sono occupati di “carriere”, per poi passare al dibattito sviluppatosi intorno al concetto di “boundaryless career”. Nell’intento di adottare nuovi framework teorici e analitici per comprendere in qual modo si articolino le diverse dimensioni che compongono le biografie contemporanee e di ridefinire la strumentazione concettuale con cui tradizionalmente si è guardato alle traiettorie lavorative, viene introdotto il concetto di transizione come chiave di lettura dei percorsi biografici e identitari di donne e uomini che lavorano in maniera temporanea.
Il lavoro di ricerca si caratterizza per l’utilizzo di una prospettiva narrativa, attraverso cui sono state analizzate le biografie delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori intermittenti intervistate/i. Partendo dalla complessità e dall’unicità delle narrazioni sono state esplorate le similitudini e le differenze tra due situazioni lavorative che si collocano all’interno di due diversi settori professionali – la pubblica amministrazione e la distribuzione commerciale – e sono caratterizzate da due distinte forme contrattuali – la collaborazione coordinata e continuativa e il lavoro somministrato – entrambe tuttavia contraddistinte dall’instabilità e dalla temporaneità del lavoro. Il contesto territoriale in cui è stata svolta la ricerca è la provincia di Trento, territorio caratterizzato da un basso tasso di disoccupazione e da un elevato sviluppo del settore terziario.
L’analisi delle transizioni biografiche tra lavoro e non lavoro viene illustrata nel corso dei capitoli empirici attraverso differenti prospettive temporali: la prima data dal tempo cronologico, che prende in considerazione le transizioni narrate nelle singole storie (tra occupazione, disoccupazione, maternità, malattia, ecc.); la seconda data dai tempi di vita quotidiana, dove per transito si intende il passaggio tra differenti ambiti di vita (lavoro retribuito e non retribuito, tempo libero, ecc.). Nell’ultimo capitolo di analisi empirica l’attenzione è invece rivolta alle rappresentazioni del lavoro dei soggetti intervistati e ai processi di costruzione identitaria in relazione ai modelli sociali e culturali di riferimento.
Nelle conclusioni della ricerca vengono proposte delle riflessioni di vario ordine. A livello teorico vengono offerte delle chiavi interpretative dei percorsi lavorativi contemporanei con l’obiettivo di prendere parte al dibattito in merito all’emergere di critiche rilevanti sia nei confronti delle tradizionali categorie della sociologia del lavoro, sia verso le teorie sulle carriere professionali e sui processi strutturali dei corsi di vita. Da un punto di vista metodologico viene invece messa in luce la capacità dell’analisi narrativa di mettere in evidenza l’intersezione tra dimensioni micro e macro. Un ultimo spunto proviene infine dalla considerazione del fatto che le transizioni tra lavori e non lavoro si articolano all’interno di contesti culturali, politici e istituzionali che contribuiscono a dar loro forma e regolano l’accesso ai diritti sociali e ad una piena cittadinanza.
5
Walker, Vern Edward. „Pacifism's precarity“. Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Jonsson, Martina. „"Jag har gett dig allt. Jag menar allt-allt" : En analys av förhållandena mellan prekaritet och senkapitalistisk kärlek i Tone Schunnessons roman Dagarna, dagarna, dagarna“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100861.
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MEROLA, CATERINA. „Il disagio professionale degli insegnanti: la precarietà nell'agire“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/337408.
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La ricerca ha come scopo quello di individuare, attraverso interviste narrative non direttive, quali situazioni concrete gli insegnanti identificano come fonte di disagio. La domanda di ricerca iniziale è “Quali sono le situazioni concrete che gli insegnanti identificano come disagio?”
Ho utilizzato cinquanta interviste narrative, coinvolgendo insegnanti appartenenti ai diversi ordini scolastici, dalla scuola dell’infanzia alla scuola secondaria superiore e, per quest’ultima, ho distinto tra i diversi indirizzi, o corsi di studio (istituti professionali, tecnici, licei).
Una seconda domanda di ricerca è stata: “Quali modalità gli insegnanti assumono per far fronte al disagio?”. Si è delineata perché gli insegnanti, nel corso delle interviste, hanno messo in luce quelle pratiche che attivano per superare il disagio.
La direzione di senso del paradigma ecologico, assunto come riferimento, si esplica nel principio batesoniano dell’andare in cerca della struttura che connette. In ciò si esprime il pensiero complesso, nella ricerca di relazioni, connessioni, che dà luogo a una visione sistemica dei fenomeni e dei processi attivati, con il riconoscimento delle interdipendenze, il passaggio da una logica lineare a quella della complessità. Della naturalistic inquiry, la ricerca fenomenologica condivide il principio di evitare di andare sul campo con percorsi di ricerca già strutturati, ciò comporterebbe una manipolazione del contesto e il fenomeno non potrebbe manifestarsi nella sua essenza.
Nel processo di analisi sui protocolli di trascrizione delle interviste, ho individuato le categorie (come insiemi di strumenti concettuali del metodo), con un diverso grado di generalizzazione, o di ampiezza concettuale nella descrizione del fenomeno, per cui sono giunta gradualmente a un maggior grado di astrazione concettuale.
La costruzione metodologica, attraverso la Grounded Theory, si allarga verso l’alto, è un processo induttivo, dal piccolo ( etichette concettuali o codes), a ciò che è intermedio (categorie o code families), a ciò che è di livello immediatamente superiore (macrocategorie), fino al livello più elevato nella concettualizzazione (core category) con un medesimo nucleo generativo che da un’impercettibile struttura primordiale prende forma, cresce, torna alla sua natura seminale e generativa.
La precarietà dell’agire è la core category che mi ha permesso di connettere tutti gli strumenti concettuali elaborati. Gli insegnanti vivono con senso di precarietà il proprio ruolo in divenire, si interrogano sul senso del proprio agire. Questo non è completamente negativo ma è il riflesso di un nuovo modo di essere insegnanti e di essere protagonisti critici nelle evoluzioni del proprio ruolo. Vi è una condizione di incertezza che non sempre è facile da sostenere e appartiene al carattere congetturale che contrassegna la nuova posizione insegnante. La precarietà dell’agire determina che non vi siano procedure certe da seguire per svolgere con certezza i propri compiti professionali. In ciò si esprime anche quella fragilità per l’impossibilità di rintracciare soluzioni prestabilite e la necessità di impegnarsi nella ricerca delle vie percorribili, a seconda delle situazioni che si aprono nella quotidianità.
La situazione di precarietà è strettamente connessa a quella di incertezza per cui la stessa figura dell’insegnante, che viene percepita, a livello di senso comune, come forte e assolutamente certa, si incrina e nel ripiegamento diviene fragile perché lo stesso sapere non è più trasmissibile con assoluta certezza.The object of the research is to identify, by means of narrative interviews, which concrete situations the teachers identify as source of uneasiness. The initial research question is “Which are the concrete situations that the teachers identify as uneasiness?” I’ve used fifty narrative interviews, involving teachers belonging to the different scholastic orders, from primary school to secondary school and, for this, professional institutes, technical institutes, high schools. The second research question has been: “Which manners are adopted by the teachers for facing the uneasiness?”. It was identified because the teachers, during the interviews, have highlighted the practices they adopt for overcoming the uneasiness. The direction of sense of the ecological paradigm, assumed as reference, it is explained in the principle of looking for the connecting structure. Here the complex thought is expressed, in the research of relationships, connections that involve a systemic vision of the phenomenon and the activated processes, with the recognition of the interdependences, the crossing from a linear logic to that of the complexity. The research shares with the naturalistic inquiry the principle of avoiding to go on the field with research routes already structured, this fact would involve a manipulation of the context and the phenomenon could not be revealed in its essence. During the analysis process of the protocols of interviews transcription, I have focused the categories (as a set of conceptual tools of the method), with a different degree of generalization, or of conceptual breadth in the description of the phenomenon, so I reached step-by-step a greater degree of conceptual abstraction. The methodological building, through the Grounded Theory, is extending upward, it is an inductive process, from the smaller (conceptual labels or codes), to what it is intermediary (categories or code families), to what is immediately of superior level (macro categories), up to the highest level in the concepting (core category) with a same generative core that takes form from an imperceptible primordial structure, it grows, it returns to his seminal and generative nature. The acting precariousness is the core category that allowed me to connect all the processed conceptual artefacts. The teachers live with a sense of precariousness their own role, they have doubt about the sense of own actions. This is not completely negative, but it is the outcome of to be teachers in a new way, and to be critical protagonists in the evolutions of their own role. There is an uncertainty condition that is not always so easy to be sustained. It belongs to the conjectural character that underlines the new teacher role. A consequence of the precariousness in to act is the absence of consolidated procedure to follow to complete the own professional tasks. Related to this, it is also the fragility caused by the impossibility to discover pre-assigned solutions, and the need of focusing in the research of practicable roads, depending on the available daily situations. The situation of precariousness and uncertainty are tightly coupled, so the role of the teacher that usually is recognized to be strong and absolutely identified, it becomes fragile because the knowledge is not more transferable with absolute certainty.
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Tomaelo, Marta <1987>. „Il precariato nei Servizi sociali“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5001.
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QUESTA TESI TRATTA DEL PRECARIATO NEI SERVIZI SOCIALI. DAPPRIMA SONO STATE ANALIZZATE LE ATTUALI TENDENZE DEL MERCATO DEL LAVORO; POI VIENE AFFRONTATA LA TEMATICA DEL PRECARIATO E LE IMPLICAZIONI CHE QUESTO PRODUCE NEI SERVIZI SOCIALI. SI E' PROCEDUTO CON UN'ANALISI DELLE CONSEGUENZE SULLA VITA E SULLA SALUTE DEGLI OPERATORI CHE CONVIVONO CON QUESTA SITUAZIONE. INFINE E' STATA EFFETTUATA UN'INDAGINE ESPLORATIVA AD ASSISTENTI SOCIALI PRECARI.
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Vicentini, Zoe <1990>. „Lavorare per beneficenza Un'etnografia della precarietà tra i dialogatori umanitari“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9731.
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La mia tesi si concentra sul sistema della beneficenza messa in campo da due particolari Onlus per cui ho lavorato come dialogatrice umanitaria per conto di un'agenzia privata nella città di Roma. Nell'arco di un mese di lavoro, grazie allo strumento dell'etnografia coperta, analizzerò le dinamiche lavorative e i rapporti di potere esistenti all'interno del mio luogo di lavoro chiedendomi come i dispositivi continuamente intrecciati del merito e del debito agiscono sul corpo e sulle aspettative, spesso tradite, degli stessi dialogatori.
E' possibile descrivere quei meccanismi, a prima vista naturalizzati, che legano il lavoratore al proprio posto di lavoro in un rapporto di fidelizzazione perversa, a fronte di guadagni e tutele quasi inesistenti? Attraverso quali tecniche di marketing i dialogatori riescono a convincere migliaia di persone a sostenere un progetto umanitario? Come avviene il processo di soggettivazione e, chissà, di de-soggettivazione del dialogatore umanitario dopo un'esperienza nel settore della beneficenza? Chi sono e cosa desiderano questi giovani lavoratori? E' possibile fare un'etnografia della beneficenza?
Grazie allo strumento dell'intervista scoperta ad alcuni ex colleghi di lavoro, e a quello dell'osservazione partecipante, raccoglierò le possibili risposte date dalle diverse figure incontrate durante il mio studio, nei tanti luoghi attraversati della città di Roma.
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Vicentini, Zoe <1990>. „Lavorare per beneficenza Un'etnografia della precarietà tra i dialogatori umanitari“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9732.
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La mia tesi si concentra sul sistema della beneficenza messa in campo da due particolari Onlus per cui ho lavorato come dialogatrice umanitaria per conto di un'agenzia privata nella città di Roma. Nell'arco di un mese di lavoro, grazie allo strumento dell'etnografia coperta, analizzerò le dinamiche lavorative e i rapporti di potere esistenti all'interno del mio luogo di lavoro chiedendomi come i dispositivi continuamente intrecciati del merito e del debito agiscono sul corpo e sulle aspettative, spesso tradite, degli stessi dialogatori.
E' possibile descrivere quei meccanismi, a prima vista naturalizzati, che legano il lavoratore al proprio posto di lavoro in un rapporto di fidelizzazione perversa, a fronte di guadagni e tutele quasi inesistenti? Attraverso quali tecniche di marketing i dialogatori riescono a convincere migliaia di persone a sostenere un progetto umanitario? Come avviene il processo di soggettivazione e, chissà, di de-soggettivazione del dialogatore umanitario dopo un'esperienza nel settore della beneficenza? Chi sono e cosa desiderano questi giovani lavoratori? E' possibile fare un'etnografia della beneficenza?
Grazie allo strumento dell'intervista scoperta ad alcuni ex colleghi di lavoro, e a quello dell'osservazione partecipante, raccoglierò le possibili risposte date dalle diverse figure incontrate durante il mio studio, nei tanti luoghi attraversati della città di Roma.
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ZANCHETTIN, ALICE. „TRA PRESENZA E ASSENZA: PADRI SEPARATI E PRECARIETA' ABITATIVA. UN'INDAGINE QUALITATIVA“. Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/61538.
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La ricerca internazionale e nazionale ha messo in luce come la separazione/divorzio risulti essere una transizione familiare complessa, con molteplici conseguenze su diversi aspetti: personali/psicologici, sociali/relazionali, giuridici ed economici. Si assiste da una parte alla rottura del legame di coppia, che implica quindi una riorganizzazione e ridefinizione dei confini – familiari e non -, dall’altra parte vi è la continuità del legame genitoriale con i figli; quest’ultimo risulta essere particolarmente sfidante per i padri, che nella maggioranza dei casi non vivono quotidianamente coi figli. In Italia molti sono i padri che a seguito di tale evento si trovano in una condizione di povertà e che pertanto vivono maggiori difficoltà nell’esercitare il ruolo paterno. La presente ricerca va ad indagare nello specifico i padri che, dopo la separazione/divorzio, vivono una condizione di difficoltà abitativa e che sono accolti in strutture a loro dedicate (progetti di co-housing), con l’obiettivo di sostenerli per quanto riguarda le risorse materiali affinchè possano continuare ad esercitare il ruolo genitoriale. La domanda di ricerca sottesa è volta ad indagare che tipo di riflessività questi padri mettono in campo. Emerge un quadro complesso, di povertà multidimensionale, in cui si intersecano diverse dimensioni: economica, abitativa, lavorativa, personale, relazionale, familiare, genitoriale.International and national research reveal how separation/divorce are events that can impact dramatically on family life trajectories: parents, children and family networks are involved in such event. It makes necessary to redefine and reorganize not only the daily and the relationships but also the identity of the people: mothers and fathers still remain parents, and they have to redefine and reorganize themselves as parents. In this context, this research will focus on the consequences of father’s lives, relationships and fathering practices after divorce in Italy. Divorced fathers are at risk of social exclusion: they, for instance, use social canteen for meals and co-housing or social projects in order to prevent homelessness. The main research question addressed is about the identity of such fathers who have to redefine and re-organize themselves. Findings suggest that we can observe a multidimensional framework that characterizes these fathers: unstable living and working conditions, economic resources, difficulties with children and poor social relationships. In considering divorce consequences, it is important to include both material and relational well-being after divorce (the structural dimension as well as the cultural and relational dimension), due to prevent the risk that marginalized fathers become “absent” fathers.
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ZANCHETTIN, ALICE. „TRA PRESENZA E ASSENZA: PADRI SEPARATI E PRECARIETA' ABITATIVA. UN'INDAGINE QUALITATIVA“. Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/61538.
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La ricerca internazionale e nazionale ha messo in luce come la separazione/divorzio risulti essere una transizione familiare complessa, con molteplici conseguenze su diversi aspetti: personali/psicologici, sociali/relazionali, giuridici ed economici. Si assiste da una parte alla rottura del legame di coppia, che implica quindi una riorganizzazione e ridefinizione dei confini – familiari e non -, dall’altra parte vi è la continuità del legame genitoriale con i figli; quest’ultimo risulta essere particolarmente sfidante per i padri, che nella maggioranza dei casi non vivono quotidianamente coi figli. In Italia molti sono i padri che a seguito di tale evento si trovano in una condizione di povertà e che pertanto vivono maggiori difficoltà nell’esercitare il ruolo paterno. La presente ricerca va ad indagare nello specifico i padri che, dopo la separazione/divorzio, vivono una condizione di difficoltà abitativa e che sono accolti in strutture a loro dedicate (progetti di co-housing), con l’obiettivo di sostenerli per quanto riguarda le risorse materiali affinchè possano continuare ad esercitare il ruolo genitoriale. La domanda di ricerca sottesa è volta ad indagare che tipo di riflessività questi padri mettono in campo. Emerge un quadro complesso, di povertà multidimensionale, in cui si intersecano diverse dimensioni: economica, abitativa, lavorativa, personale, relazionale, familiare, genitoriale.International and national research reveal how separation/divorce are events that can impact dramatically on family life trajectories: parents, children and family networks are involved in such event. It makes necessary to redefine and reorganize not only the daily and the relationships but also the identity of the people: mothers and fathers still remain parents, and they have to redefine and reorganize themselves as parents. In this context, this research will focus on the consequences of father’s lives, relationships and fathering practices after divorce in Italy. Divorced fathers are at risk of social exclusion: they, for instance, use social canteen for meals and co-housing or social projects in order to prevent homelessness. The main research question addressed is about the identity of such fathers who have to redefine and re-organize themselves. Findings suggest that we can observe a multidimensional framework that characterizes these fathers: unstable living and working conditions, economic resources, difficulties with children and poor social relationships. In considering divorce consequences, it is important to include both material and relational well-being after divorce (the structural dimension as well as the cultural and relational dimension), due to prevent the risk that marginalized fathers become “absent” fathers.
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Perks, Samuel. „Representations of precarity in Singaporean historical novels“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18805/.
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This thesis analyses Singaporean historical novels for their capacity to engage the ‘Singapore Story’ in dialogue, and for their representation of precarity as part of the narrative of national economic development. By exploring the motifs of the ‘Garden City’, the ‘Island Nation’ and the ‘global city’, I examine the interrelation of the individual, family, community, national, regional, and global frames of reference in these texts. Precarity is analysed as a phenomenon with a long history and a wide geographical spread, and as a consequence, the ‘uniqueness’ of Singapore as an economic model is shown to be challenged by historical fiction’s tendency towards historical nuance and complexity. Questions of genre, form, and perspective are considered, and the redemptive possibilities raised by works of historical fiction are contextualised and appraised.
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LeBlanc, Emma Findlen. „Precarity and persistence in Canada's company province“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a3a733e-8c04-43bf-be17-eaf9a33dd194.
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Contemporary scholarship of neoliberalism tends to emphasize its ubiquity, underscoring capitalism's permeation into life's most intimate spheres. However, I show through careful ethnographic description that even within the paradigmatically capitalist conditions of New Brunswick, Canada - popularly christened a 'company province' - marginalized communities continue to maintain anti-capitalist moralities. Based on eighteen months of participant observation, this ethnography examines how an Acadian forest community in northwestern New Brunswick cultivates an alternative regime of values and also how those values are contained, eroded, and politically disarmed. I explain how a moral system based in the division between insiders and outsiders emerged to ensure the survival of rural Acadian communities throughout longstanding historical conditions of material precarity. This moral dualism serves to maintain fierce egalitarianism between insiders while justifying underhanded and illegal techniques for appropriating resources from the outsider sphere. While the persistence of this communitarian, egalitarian, anti-materialist insider moral order and the sharing economy it sustains is notable, especially given prevalent scholarly assessments about neoliberalism's colonization of our very imaginations, I show that maintaining the insider moral order in the face of community members' increasing material engagements with capitalism produces compromises, contradictions, and violences. The Acadians' dualist moral system absorbs hierarchies such as race and gender in ways that ultimately violate insider aspirations to egalitarianism and obstruct the development of insider moral persistence into more politically transformative resistance. Preservation of the insider sphere also demands periodic renegotiation of its boundaries under the pressures of new forms of precarity, such that the cost of maintaining the insider community is the expulsion of some of its members. This dissertation is thus a study of how capitalism comes to accommodate dissident moralities in its midst in ways that defuse their political threat, and the mechanisms by which compliance with capitalism is coaxed and coerced even in contexts of ideological opposition.
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Raven-Ellison, Menah. „States of precarity : negotiating home(s) beyond detention“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8855.
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In the second quarter of 2013, 7,944 people were detained in the UK ‘for the purposes of immigration control’ (Home Office, 2013). While 1,138 of those detained were women, major shortcomings are identified in their treatment and calls made for a more gender sensitive asylum system. Although 35% of these women went on to be released there is a lack of research that investigates the on-going legacy of detention and the consequences for the sense of belonging, social integration and wellbeing of ex-detainees. This thesis draws on in-depth narrative interviews with 16 migrant women in the UK who were detained and then released from UK Immigration Removal Centres and five charity workers. Within migration scholarship the paradigm of exclusion has been traditionally adopted to understand how states seek to protect borders, keeping unwanted individuals out or contained. A spatial examination of respondents’ critical geographies of home reveals however that despite their release from detention these women continued to negotiate multiple and fluctuating boundaries. It is argued therefore that this paradigm obscures a nuanced perspective and proposes instead a discourse of precarity. Not only can the ‘state of precarity’ implicit within narratives of detention seep into and define the everyday geographies of home beyond release, respondents’ everyday negotiations with home remained central to the construction and proliferation of everyday precarity. This is achieved through a home-infused geopolitical rhetoric and interventions in the name of immigration enforcement which were revealed through (in)secure spaces of home. An exploration of emotional and embodied geographies also exposes erosive implications for feelings of belonging and health and wellbeing. A discourse of precarity therefore allows for a differentiation and critical inquiry of subjective gendered positions, citizenship and importantly, emergent accounts of resilience, reworking and resistance on predominantly social trajectories.
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Ng, Rainbow Wing Yan. „Geographies of higher education precarity in Hong Kong“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/690.
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In shaping Hong Kong into an international education hub and in offering hope to youth and the promise of social mobility, talent development is a major priority of the Hong Kong Government. Since the 2000s, associate degrees (ADs) have been mandated to fulfill this promise through increasing higher education access - that is, to raise the post-secondary education participation rate to 60% or above. Given the mandate and insufficient genuine governmental support, this thesis argues that AD students of the self-financed sector experience precarity beyond education, underpinned by higher education marketization and chronopolitics. Drawing upon geography of precarity and life course studies, and using a mixed method of data collection including interviews, group discussions, diary studies, social media and participant observation, and grounded theory, the research explores the AD youth cohort's multidimensional everyday life precarity. This thesis builds a 'precarity over the life course' conceptual framework that can contribute to the geographies of higher education and wider research fields such as eldercare.
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WABLE, DELEZENNE SYLVIE. „Le suivi des grossesses dans les milieux defavorises : etude realisee sur 100 cas a la maternite h. salengro, lille ; annee 1991“. Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M333.
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DEREGNAUCOURT, PATRICK, und YANNICK LETOT. „La perception de la sante au sein de la population du plan lillois d'insertion“. Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M226.
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Mills, Elizabeth Anne. „Embodied precarity : the biopolitics of AIDS biomedicine in South Africa“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48911/.
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This thesis centres on the lives of women who live in Khayelitsha and who receive AIDS biomedicines through South Africa's public health system. It is tiered across five ethnographic chapters to elucidate a single overarching argument: biopolitical precarity is networked into the permeable body. This argument is based on ethnographic research and seeks to challenge the discursive construction of distance that divorces women's lives and bodies from the governance of AIDS biomedicines as life-giving technologies. The multi-sited ethnography underpinning this thesis was configured to follow the networked threads that weave women's embodied precarity into the governance of technologies and the technologies of governance. To this end, fieldwork was conducted in South Africa from October 2010 – July 2011 in order to understand the embodied and political dimensions of access to AIDS biomedicine. Thereafter, fieldwork was conducted in Brazil from August 2011 – September 2011 to explore the networked connections spanning activist organisations, government coalitions and economic blocs to move out from the intimate spaces of women's lives and bodies to locate them in the regional and global spaces of biomedical developments and health policy dynamics. This thesis argues that although it is crucial to anchor technologies in people's lives, it is also analytically and politically necessary to link people's lives - and the technologies that sustain them - back into the global assemblage that is networked around the governance of medicine. Therefore, I locate biomedical technologies in social and political contexts of lives of the people with whom I worked in Khayelitsha, and I argue further that their lives also need to be understood as part of a complex network of actors (spanning international organisations, regional coalitions and national governments) and actants (HIV and ARVs) that assemble in dynamic configurations and that are woven into and through the body.
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Henesy, Megan Louise. „Novels of precarity : neoliberal counternarratives in contemporary British women's fiction“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413764/.
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This thesis argues that there isa growing canon of contemporary women’s literature that is interested in exploring and reimagingthe ‘capitalist fraying’1 of conventional good-life fantasies in contemporary Britain. By primarily using the theories of Lauren Berlant and Sara Ahmed as a framework for understanding how precarity can be considered from an affective standpoint, this thesis will study how the chosen authors present British neoliberal society as an inherently precarious environment. The thesis begins by discussing the evolution of the neologism ‘precarity’ from a term used to describe the shifting socioeconomic environment at the turn of the millennium, to one utilised across a range of disciplines to broadly describe the affective experience of living and working under neoliberal capitalism. In the first chapter, the thesis will explore how Ali Smith’s novel Hotel World presents contemporary Britain as an exclusionary environment epitomised by the non-‐place at the centre of its interweaving narratives: the Global Hotel. The second chapter discusses Kate Atkinson’s Started Early, Took My Dog, a novel which utilises the genre of detective fiction to explore two time frames that bookend the age of neoliberal ideology, the 1970s and the present day. The third chapter will study how Hilary Mantel’s Beyond Black utilises gothic tropes to display a fractured contemporary Britain, which teeters on the edge of social and environmental ruin. The thesis aims to demonstrate that these writers, in challenging the traditional narratives of the good life fantasy, are creating works that present a counternarrative to neoliberalism.
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Mauri, Christian. „The Precariat, Ph.D. : On disposable academics and the university system“. Thesis, Mauri, Christian ORCID: 0000-0003-3245-1044 (2019) The Precariat, Ph.D. : On disposable academics and the university system. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/46100/.
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Teaching academics are typically in possession or pursuit of a Doctor of Philosophy, which is the highest level of educational attainment. However, the employment and work situations of these highly specialised individuals have been deteriorating, both in Australia and abroad, as universities adapt to the conditions of neoliberal higher education. In the higher education and sociology literature, this has been framed in terms of increasingly bifurcated and insecure workforces. Drawing on Standing’s notion of the “precarious proletariat” or “precariat”, this thesis contributes a conceptual analysis of the structural conditions, situations and views of sessional teaching academics. This is done using a neo-Weberian approach to class analysis, which treats the precariat as an ideal type for analysing groups operating in contemporary organisational contexts based on broadly shared characteristics. Such academics are precariatised, insofar that prevailing university structures see them routinely seeking work through informal and unreliable processes, in which the academics in more secure positions operate as proxy-employers. Although these situations offer little in terms of security, opportunities for advancement and institutional recognition, reports from academics reveal the value placed on lasting academic ideals and the pressure to remain in academe. This class-based analysis is then linked to an analysis of neoliberal higher education using a systems approach adapted from Luhmannian social systems theory. Here it is argued that universities are distinct insofar that they are academic institutions that explicitly produce their own future professional workforces, with the PhD serving as both a formal credential and a broad means of socialisation into academic values. However, universities have responded to the neoliberal environment through corresponding processes of differentiation that have seen the priorities and operational conditions of administrative sub-systems rise to prominence, according to which the unbundling of academic roles and the precariatisation of academics is viewed as a rational response to unavoidable environmental conditions.
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Choonara, Joseph. „An examination of employment precarity and insecurity in the UK“. Thesis, Middlesex University, 2018. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/24274/.
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Employment precarity and insecurity are major topics of discussion within the sociology of work and in society at large. This thesis demonstrates the limits to the growth of precarity in the UK labour force. It contests the view that employment is becoming relentlessly more precarious in the neoliberal period. Furthermore, it challenges the view expressed by some theorists, including many on the radical left, that precarity is part of a recasting of class relations undermining the capacity of workers to challenge capital. Precarity is defined here as an objective condition whereby employment becomes more contingent. It is measured through a study of non-standard employment and employment tenure, using surveys of the UK labour force. Non-standard employment has not grown substantially. Mean employment tenure has remained stable overall, having fallen a little for men and risen for women since the 1970s. While there are areas of precarious work, these tend to be hemmed in by permanent, long-term jobs. This is explained through a Marxist theorisation of labour markets, emphasising the interdependence of capital and labour, and the role of the state in securing the reproduction of labour-power. To help understand the resonance of the concept of precarity, subjective job insecurity is measured. Survey data shows little evidence of a secular rise in insecurity. However, in the 1990s, and again after the 2008-9 recession, concerns about the loss of valued features of work combined with a wider ideological climate of uncertainty to increase generalised job insecurity. The findings of this thesis contest widespread pessimism regarding the capacities of the working class under neoliberalism, leading to practical implications for the orientation of the labour movement and the radical left. Finally, the research suggests changes to surveys of the labour force that would improve measures of precarity and insecurity in the future.
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Betti, Eloisa <1981>. „Donne e precarietà del lavoro nell’industria bolognese dagli anni Cinquanta alla crisi degli anni Settanta“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4040/1/Tesi_Eloisa_Betti.pdf.
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This dissertation uses the concept of “precariousness” to analyze women’s labour conditions in Italian industry over the Fifties and Sixties, when the agricultural basis of the Italian economy was replaced by an industrial one. The present research studies the way in which female work has been employed on different and nearly always inferior terms to male work, whether quantitatively or qualitatively. In most cases wages have been lower, periods of qualification and dequalification more unfavourable, and contract terms generally less secure than for male workers. The combination of these aspects of women work conditions has resulted in what will be called job precariousness.
Job precariousness is adopted as a paradigm for an in-depth analysis of women’s working conditions. Women (like immigrants) have always experienced considerably worse working conditions than men throughout the capitalist industrial age. Even in the “Golden Age” of the 20th century (1945-1975), considered by most sociologists and economists “the era of job stability”, women’s working conditions were worse than men’s and can be defined precarious. Women in Bolognese industry are not an exception. The dissertation will show how many women’s jobs in industry were the opposite of stable and therefore can be called precarious in the period of 1950s and 1960s, when the Italian economy experienced the most intense economic and industrial growth of the 20th century. The comparison between female and male work conditions will address several aspects related to job precariousness: duration and continuity of work, salary variability, forms of discrimination and the relation between contract and social rights. In addition, attention will be paid to the forms of contract, gender-specific forms of discrimination and material working conditions of women.
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Betti, Eloisa <1981>. „Donne e precarietà del lavoro nell’industria bolognese dagli anni Cinquanta alla crisi degli anni Settanta“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4040/.
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This dissertation uses the concept of “precariousness” to analyze women’s labour conditions in Italian industry over the Fifties and Sixties, when the agricultural basis of the Italian economy was replaced by an industrial one. The present research studies the way in which female work has been employed on different and nearly always inferior terms to male work, whether quantitatively or qualitatively. In most cases wages have been lower, periods of qualification and dequalification more unfavourable, and contract terms generally less secure than for male workers. The combination of these aspects of women work conditions has resulted in what will be called job precariousness.
Job precariousness is adopted as a paradigm for an in-depth analysis of women’s working conditions. Women (like immigrants) have always experienced considerably worse working conditions than men throughout the capitalist industrial age. Even in the “Golden Age” of the 20th century (1945-1975), considered by most sociologists and economists “the era of job stability”, women’s working conditions were worse than men’s and can be defined precarious. Women in Bolognese industry are not an exception. The dissertation will show how many women’s jobs in industry were the opposite of stable and therefore can be called precarious in the period of 1950s and 1960s, when the Italian economy experienced the most intense economic and industrial growth of the 20th century. The comparison between female and male work conditions will address several aspects related to job precariousness: duration and continuity of work, salary variability, forms of discrimination and the relation between contract and social rights. In addition, attention will be paid to the forms of contract, gender-specific forms of discrimination and material working conditions of women.
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Carfagna, Lindsey B. „The Pedagogy of Precarity: Laboring to Learn in the New Economy“. Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107564.
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Thesis advisor: Juliet SchorThe relationship between learning and labor has long been a topic of concern for sociologists of education. In this dissertation, I conduct an ethnography of open learning in the United States following the 2008 economic crisis and argue that a new style of learning is emerging amidst changes in the labor market. I call that new style of learning the pedagogy of precarity and emphasize that it challenges credentialism (Collins, 1979), or how U.S. society confers status, jobs, and life chances according to one’s accumulation of academic qualifications. This study is the first sociological ethnography of open learning conducted from the vantage point of learners (Ito et al, 2009) and offers a perspective of how mostly digitally mediated learning practices are utilized within the growing precarity of the new economy. In this dissertation, I show how a sample of open learners sought a different way to connect their learning to their labor when neither felt valuable after the 2008 crisis and subsequent recession. Engaging literatures in the sociology of education, economic sociology, and cultural sociology, this dissertation expands upon the concept of the precariat (Standing, 2011; Gill and Pratt, 2008) in order to explain how “entrepreneurial vagueness” emerges from lived experiences of precariousness. Entrepreneurial vagueness works to buffer subjective status aspirations amidst dwindling objective life chances in the new economy (Bourdieu, 1984a; Sennett, 1998; 2006). In my study, precarity becomes pedagogized (Bernstein, 1996; 2001) and participants “labor to learn” rather than learn to labor. The pedagogy of precarity relies upon autodidactic communalism (Pearce, 1996), a model for learning that puts the burden of self-education on the individual and the community that she can access by successfully adopting a “habitus of trainability” (Bourdieu, 1984a; Bernstein, 1996; 2001). This burden is hard work, but is also described as enjoyable and life giving. The pedagogy of precarity instilled quasi-dignity as participants learned to embody the habitus of trainability. The habitus of trainability entailed developing a taste for usefulness, a taste for craftsmanship, and a taste for association. However, these tastes are not separate from a taste for risk (Neff, 2012; McMillan Cottom, 2017), and thus the pedagogy of precarity lacks sustainability. The findings are relevant to other studies of institutional challenge through peer-to-peer connection as well as work regarding the future of higher education in the new economy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Eberle, Meghan Lea. „Precarity and social mobilization among migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand“. Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43756372.
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Bourgeois, Laurence. „Problemes d'acces aux soins et precarite : analyse institutionnelle des reponses ; l'exemple de chateau-thierry“. Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMM011.
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Franche-Ferraris, Valérie. „Réflexion sur l'aide médicale gratuite suite à un stage chez le praticien“. Paris 7, Lariboisière, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA072061.
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Schmitt, Mark. „From Privilege to Precarity (and Back): Whiteness, Racism and the New Right“. Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21119.
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Vejar, Dasten Alfonso Julian [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Dörre und Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Köhler. „Labor precarity and unionism in Chile : new directions and strategies of workers in a context of labor precarity (1975-2010) / Dasten Alfonso Julian Vejar. Gutachter: Klaus Dörre ; Christoph Köhler“. Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107921755X/34.
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Vejar, Dasten Alfonso Julian Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dörre und Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Köhler. „Labor precarity and unionism in Chile : new directions and strategies of workers in a context of labor precarity (1975-2010) / Dasten Alfonso Julian Vejar. Gutachter: Klaus Dörre ; Christoph Köhler“. Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-20151120-134308-1.
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DACONTO, LUCA. „Mobilità precaria. L’accesso alla città delle persone in situazione di precarietà legata al lavoro a Milano e Lione“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/83189.
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La tesi affronta la questione della mobilità quotidiana e dell’accessibilità attraverso la griglia di lettura dell’esclusione, della precarietà e della vulnerabilità sociale. Per esclusione sociale si intende la mancata o scarsa partecipazione delle persone ad ambiti socialmente rilevanti, quali il lavoro, il welfare, il consumo, il tempo libero e le reti sociali, mentre per accessibilità si intende la capacità degli individui a raggiungere le opportunità, ovvero luoghi, servizi, attività, incontri. Lo studio si focalizza sulla relazione tra mobilità, accessibilità ed esclusione sociale andando a indagare, in due metropoli europee, Milano e Lione, l’accesso alla città di una popolazione vulnerabile come quella delle persone in situazione di precarietà legata al lavoro.
La tesi innanzitutto approfondisce i cambiamenti nella struttura sociale e urbana che hanno avuto, da un lato, l’effetto di ridurre la prossimità tra gli spazi e i tempi della vita quotidiana e, dall’altro, di rendere la mobilità necessaria per riuscire a connettere i vari ambiti di vita. Partendo dal riconoscimento della multidimensionalità dell’accessibilità e dell’influenza sull’accesso alle opportunità urbane di quattro principali fattori, quali l’uso del suolo, il sistema di trasporto, l’organizzazione temporale dei servizi e delle attività e le caratteristiche individuali, in particolare le competenze e le risorse di mobilità e d’accesso, nella parte empirica vengono proposti metodi quantitativi e qualitativi integrati per analizzare i modi di accedere alla città di un campione di precari. In primo luogo, attraverso l’utilizzo dei sistemi informativi geografici e di open data rilasciati dalle pubbliche amministrazioni, viene costruito un innovativo indice di accessibilità spaziale potenziale, che fornisce solidi elementi conoscitivi sull’iniqua distribuzione dell’offerta di opportunità nell’arcipelago metropolitano. In seguito, partendo dai risultati dell’analisi spaziale, la ricerca approfondisce il rapporto alla mobilità e le pratiche di spostamento e di accesso dei precari, individuando dei profili-tipo che si differenziano per il ruolo giocato dalla mobilità nella situazione di precarietà o esclusione lavorativa, per le risorse e le competenze disponibili e per i vincoli d’accesso incontrati, che riguardano diverse dimensioni dell’accessibilità. In generale, si evidenzia l’importante ruolo della capacità a spostarsi nello spazio-tempo per essere inclusi, innanzitutto nel mercato del lavoro. Inoltre, i precari dimostrano di possedere molteplici competenze e strategie di adattamento a un contesto per molti versi vincolato da fattori di natura strutturale e dalle precarie risorse economiche e di mobilità disponibili. Infine, sono emerse peculiarità socio-politico-territoriali che contribuiscono a garantire nei due casi di studio diversi gradi di accessibilità.
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O'Day, Robin. „Japanese irregular workers in protest : freeters, precarity and the re-articulation of class“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43165.
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The subject of my dissertation is Japanese freeters, youth who work part-time or move from job to job. Within Japan’s protracted economic downturn, freeters have become a complex symbol that at times are blamed, other times pitied and sometimes even celebrated for structuring their lives around jobs that are unstable, but also less demanding and potentially freeing. Ideally, working as a freeter is a temporary period to be replaced by full-time employment. However, many freeters are finding this “temporary” state difficult to move beyond. Within the last decade, some freeters have begun to protest against jobs that many see as exploitative and as demanding as full-time positions without the added benefits and security.
This dissertation approaches some of these sites of freeter protest ethnographically. Drawing upon twenty months of participant observation research with four union movements attempting to organize freeters and other young irregularly employed youth, I look at how these groups attempt to politically mobilize freeters. This dissertation explores some of the strategies the union movements use in attempting to cultivate class-consciousness amongst freeters and other young irregular workers that feel disaffected by the limiting circumstances of the employment system and seek to confront and change their working condition. Through the descriptions presented in my ethnographic chapters on these union groups, I argue that the loss of place for young irregular workers is contributing to the re-articulation of class politics and protest in post-industrial Japan. However, I also show that instilling class-consciousness in freeters is itself a complex process full of resistances, negotiations, contradictions and even rejections.
I situate this study within a variety of critiques surrounding the fields of the anthropology of Japan, the anthropology of labour and the anthropology of social movements. This study seeks to contribute to the critique that although the anthropology of Japan has taken the experiences of difference and diversity seriously, the field has paid less attention to the role of social class. Moreover, studying union movements ethnographically supports the argument that anthropology can provide greater appreciation of the cultural dimensions and lived experiences of activists involved in organized labour and social movements.
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GILBERT, DESBOIS MARIE. „L'enfant en situation de precarite : bilan medico-social realise en protection maternelle infantile“. Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT038M.
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Buhler, Andreas Joachim. „Smiling in the face of precarity: housing and eviction in Hangberg, South Africa“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6797.
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Much has been written about housing and eviction in South Africa, and they are issues present throughout most of South Africa's recent history. The demolition of places such as Sophiatown or District Six has become some of the most common imagery reflecting the brutality of apartheid South Africa. Yet, evictions and a lack of affordable housing, has been a common feature of the post-apartheid South African city as well. In Hangberg evictions and housing where part of the struggle of ordinary life. With a lack of affordable housing the people living in Hangberg had started to build houses of their own, which in turn made them targets for evictions. To build a house for yourself meant that you might risk violent reprisals from the state. Thus suffering was part of ordinary for the people I worked with. In the midst of suffering, however, they still aspired towards bettering their lives. I follow Chabal's (2009) argument that it is necessary to both recognise the ways in which people smile and suffer. This is to recognise and honour the ways in which people cope with their suffering. I argue that their smiling can be framed through the notion of agency and aspirations, and their suffering can be framed with the concept of precarity. Focusing on smiling and aspiring allows for an understanding of the capacity which people have to improve their own lives. It is in my opinion a tool for empowering people's voices and agency. Precarity allows us, on the other hand, to understand the multiplicity of constriction and oppression. Through an ethnographic study of housing and eviction in Hangberg, both precarity and aspirations are brought forward as processes shaping human existence. Through their aspirations the people I worked with smiled at the precarity they faced in their ordinary lives. They built houses they were proud of;; houses that they imagined would protect them from the sickness and suffering they experienced. Their houses were both a way of improving their lives, but also an attempt at creating a home in Hangberg and a sense of stability. I also reflect on the affect the distribution of precarity had on the people of Hangeberg as subjects of the state.
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Perri, Liam <1991>. „Precariat and Free Labour: Work at the time of the Fourth Industrial Revolution“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11515.
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Volatile, incerto, complesso ed ambiguo è il mondo che ci circonda oggi, soprattutto a livello socioeconomico; l'innovazione tecnologica che a grandi passi sta introducendo il supporto della robotica in sempre più settori dell'operato umano non fa altro che corroborare la teoria che il "technological unemployment" ossia la disoccupazione causata dal progresso tecnologico sia il peggior nemico del lavoratore o neo-lavoratore di oggi. Questo scritto, col supporto di autori come Thomas Piketty, Joseph Stiglitz, Erik Brjniolfsson, Martin Ford, Guy Standing, Naomi Klein e molti altri si impegna a sfatare il mito della disoccupazione causata dal progresso. Evidenziando come a modellare l'universo lavorativo e di seguito anche le società di oggi siano presenti forze concomitanti al progresso tecnologico e altrettanto potenti, come la globalizzazione e la finanza rapace inserite nei sistemi economici mondiali, il testo suggerisce in chiusura una serie di iniziative utili e radicali per risolvere il problema della disoccupazione che opprime il mondo di oggi. Fa da intermezzo il caso studio del nascente settore della "Gig Economy", attività di lucro basata sul mondo delle "App", che sempre più segue le logiche nocive delle economie moderne.
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NESTOUR, PISTIEN DOMINIQUE. „Contribution a l'etude de l'acces aux soins chez les personnes desocialisees“. Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1M065.
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van, Arragon Lukas. „Livelihoods Built on Sand: Exposing the Precarity of Labour in Cambodia’s Sand Extraction Industry“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42454.
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Although Cambodia banned sand exports in 2017, under-regulated sand extraction in rivers across the country continues, driven by demand from rapid urbanization and land reclamation around Phnom Penh. In the last decade, the sand extraction industry has come under intense scrutiny for its role in riverbank erosion and degradation of aquatic ecosystems, with some activists and scholars highlighting how this damages livelihoods and displaces rural Cambodians. At the same time, the sand boom in Cambodia has created a demand for labour, offering opportunities to rural Cambodians who have few other livelihood options in their home provinces. However, the vast majority of wealth from sand extraction does not accrue to sand labourers. Using qualitative data gathered from various sand extraction and transportation sites along the Mekong River in and around Phnom Penh, this thesis reveals new insights into the sand extraction industry. This thesis draws upon sustainable livelihoods approaches to reveal the difficult trade-offs that rural Cambodians must make when leaving their homes to enter the sand extraction industry. The thesis then uses the concept of precarity to show that sand labour in Cambodia is characterized by precarious employment conditions, including work in remote and isolated locations, separation of families when men leave for sand related labour, a lack of formal work contracts or rights, an inability to diversify income sources, and unpredictable cycles of intermittent work. The thesis then follows the approach used in political ecology literature, examining the power relations that help explain why sand labourers have little choice but to pursue precarious livelihoods, while business and government elites amass great wealth from resource extraction in Cambodia. In doing so, this thesis helps to broaden the understanding of the implications of a little understood yet hugely important resource extraction industry.
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Zou, Mimi. „The legal construction of migrant work relations : precarious status, hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4169b543-2a30-434c-a512-ada39d509a10.
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This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the laws and policies governing labour migration shape the relationship between migrant workers, employers, and labour markets in advanced industrialised countries. Specifically, it elucidates the intersections of immigration and labour market regulatory norms, structures, and processes that have salient implications for migrants’ work relations. The notions of ‘hyper-dependence’ and ‘hyper-precarity’ are developed as the main analytical and normative lenses in this thesis for examining the particular vulnerabilities associated with migrants’ precarious statuses under contemporary labour migration regimes. Hyper-dependence refers to an acute dependence that transcends the immediate context of an employment relationship, where other aspects of a worker’s life critically depend on that employer. For migrant workers, hyper-dependence may arise where their legal statuses is tethered to a specific employer sponsorship, accompanied by other de jure and de facto restrictions on their labour mobility. Hyper-precarity seeks to capture the multifaceted insecurities and uncertainties in migrants’ work relations and their broader migration projects, which are linked to their exclusion, in law and in practice, from a wide array of social, economic, and civil rights in the host state. Engaging with the various and often competing goals and concerns of immigration law and labour law, the two concepts of hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity are developed and applied through an in-depth comparative analysis of the legal and regulatory architectures of two contemporary temporary migrant workers’ programmes (TMWPs): Australia’s Temporary Work (Skilled) Subclass 457 Visa (‘457 visa’) scheme and the United Kingdom’s Tier 2 (General) visa scheme. In recent years, TMWPs in advanced industrialised countries have been touted by global and national policymakers as a desirable labour migration instrument that delivers ‘triple wins’ for host states, home states, and migrants and their families. I situate the normative concerns of the legally constructed hyper-dependence and hyper-precarity in the ethical debates on TMWPs in liberal states. I also consider how the worst extremes of the two ‘hyper’ conditions combined in highly exploitative work relations could be ameliorated, and in doing so propose some ideas for reforming key features of current TMWPs to enable migrants to exit any employment relationship and to resort to a range of voice mechanisms in the workplace.
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Palaiorouta, Eleni Zoi. „Organizational Precarity : An Anthropological study of a Civil Society Organization in austerity-ridden Greece“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-171550.
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This study examines a Greek civil society organization, which is struggling to cope with the precarity caused by the environment of crisis. By looking into the austerity that prevails in Greece, I aim to discuss the connection between the Greek society and the organization, as both of them are struggling with the consequences of the crisis which brings them into a precarious position. The methods used during the fieldwork were mainly participant observation in the space of the organization, and interviews as well as informal conversations with the members and recipients of the Solidarity Association. By analyzing their discourses introduced in the thesis through ethnographic stories, I claim that the interplay between precarious labor and precarious life transforms the organization into a space of silence. I suggest that this deadening of life should not only be seen as an outcome of the long period of living under harsh conditions, but also as one of the factors which brings the organization into dissolution. By looking at the disintegration of the Solidarity Association, I discuss that its solidarian culture turns into a philanthropic one due to individualistic behaviors which I argue are one of the outcomes of people’s precarious living. This thesis focuses more on what precarity does rather on what it is and it should be seen as a contribution to the understanding of the influence that precarity has on an organization placed in the context of contemporary austerity-ridden Greece.
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Sawyer, Heather Jan. „PRECARITY IN PARADISE: TOURISM, MIGRATION, AND THE BROADER CAUSES OF INSTABILITY IN ROATÁN, HONDURAS“. UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/35.
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Since the 1990s, the population on the Honduran island of Roatán has grown from around 20,000 (mostly English-speaking Islanders) to roughly 100,000 residents (at least half of which are native Spanish-speaking Ladinos from the Honduran mainland) (Bay Islands Voice 2014b). This population growth has occurred alongside increasing forms of economic and environmental precarity that have fueled widespread instability on the island. While ethnic tensions between Ladinos and Islanders have existed since colonial times, conflict between the groups reached a crescendo in 2014 after the murder of a cruise ship employee in Roatán by a Ladino migrant. This sparked a security crisis for the island’s idyllic tourism industry.
In an effort to address growing security concerns, municipal authorities proposed a plan that included the installation of surveillance cameras in key population centers, use of 24-hour police patrols, and implementation of an identification program to track migration to the island. Authorities argued Ladino migrants were not only an ecological burden on the island, but also a major source of criminal activity, leading to the tourism industry’s instability. Yet, while stakeholders of island tourism were quick to cite Ladino migration as a major source of precarity, my research shows its causes are much broader and more complex. I argue simply blaming population growth – without a nuanced analysis of emerging human-environment relationships – does little to explain the multifaceted causes of instability in Roatán’s tourism industry.
Drawing on twelve months of ethnographic research, I find the instability in Roatán’s tourism industry is more fully explained through four overlapping crises playing out across Honduras for the majority poor, including: a lack of physical and political representation, struggles over land rights, social and economic immobilities, and disappearing childhood.
I examine this precarity as part of wider trends in global capitalism (e.g. increased expulsions of people from their lands), but also as something inextricably local in nature (e.g. filtered through a Ladino threat narrative). My analysis contributes to broader conversations occurring in the field of anthropology about how to discern and make sense of the growing forms of precarity humans face. For example, Sassen (2014) argues pinpointing the causes of precarity, such as those shaping life in Roatán, has grown more challenging as complex constellations of power obscure direct causal relationships. Parsing out the complicated relationships between formations of power on the Honduran mainland and growing sources of precarity on Roatán is one way I add to this body of literature. My research also contributes to this issue through examinations of the everyday cultural productions of value, meaning, and hope that emerge through engagements with the tourism industry—and how they anchor people amidst the backdrop of escalating uncertainty.
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Komurcu, Onur. „Postmigrant theatre and cultural diversity in the arts : race, precarity and artistic labour in Berlin“. Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/16771/.
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This study analyses the ways in which artistic labour is racialised and made precarious. It examines the working and living conditions of Turkish German artists throughout the institutionalisation of postmigrant theatre and the implementation of cultural diversity in the arts policies in Berlin’s cultural landscape. It illuminates the dynamics that unfold with regards to cultural diversity in the arts and the labour involved in its practices. The main argument of the thesis is, that the emergence and development of postmigrant theatre needs to be understood as the successful establishment and institutionalisation of new aesthetic, narrative and political tools, which, on the one hand, signal the arrival of Turkish German and other artists of colour and of the language of cultural diversity in the field of the arts in the midst of a new globalised urban cosmopolitanism. On the other hand, however, this thesis also accounts for the still limited access of Turkish German and other artists of colour to institutions of high culture, for their precarious and racialised labour conditions and the lack of material resources available for the diversity work that the artists of the postmigrant theatre movement do. As a critical ethnography conducted over the span of seven years, this study maps out the field of opportunities and the restrictions that Turkish German artists working in postmigrant theatre experience in their everyday lives and in negotiating their position in institutional life. This includes their experience in arts school education, the artistic labour market, the sphere of cultural policy, existing funding structures and public discourses about migration, gentrification, cultural diversity and the arts in Germany. The study shows how postmigrant theatre artists’ representational practices produce new postmigrant ethnicities, and challenge narrow conceptions of ethnicity, German culture, national identity as well as power relations in Germany’s theatre landscape. Postmigrant theatre artists perform acts of memory by reaffirming intergenerationally transmitted cultural memories and lived experiences of migration. These become political through acts of remembrance that counteract the long neglect of Turkish German hi/stories. Ultimately, the artists of the postmigrant theatre movement determine the meaning of “diversity in the arts” by working collaboratively to establish sustainable funding and employment structures, networks of solidarity and by giving voice to an increasingly well-organised movement of artists who critique the racialised division of labour in the state-subsisided theatre and cultural landscape.
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Mieres, Fabiola. „The political economy of everyday precarity : segmentation, fragmentation and transnational migrant labour in Californian agriculture“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644451.
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This thesis examines the qualitative transformation taking place within the processes of transnationalisation of labour markets that drive a substantive increase in the segmentation and fragmentation of migrant labour. The thesis argues that by either focusing on the agential elements or strictly structural constraints, conventional perspectives on the role of intermediaries in processes of international migration lack a comprehensive transnational theorisation of labour markets. A focus on the transnationalisation of labour markets through the role of cross-border farm labour contractors aims to address these limitations by analysing the complex nature of processes of transnationalisation in the provision of migrant labour in Californian agriculture. A transnational labour market approach is developed to show how three regimes of segmentation-fragmentation operate at the Federal (nation-state) and state (regional) levels and also at a local level through the actions of farm labour contractors in the organisation of movement and workplace practices along formal and informal lines. The core argument of this thesis is that the tensions between fragmentation and segmentation within the process of transnationalisation of labour markets between Mexico and the United States conflate in everyday precarity for migrant workers. Everyday precarity involves not only the conditions under which migrant workers perform their activities in the workplace, but also extends beyond to include aspects of their everyday lives in a transnational fashion. Farm labour contractors play an important role in organising and coordinating flexibility in fragmented agricultural labour markets. Through their position at the heart of the tensions of the interplay between the three regimes, farm labour contractors gain power over the labour process, thereby contributing to further fragmentation. This power is linked to the migration and protection policies established by nation-states at the first regime of segmentation-fragmentation, and is also shaped by the regional (Californian) labour legislation at the second regime of segmentation-fragmentation. The thesis concludes that a transnational theorisation of labour markets, which places intermediaries such as farm labour contractors within the tensions of processes of transnationalisation that account for not only segmentation but also fragmentation, is required to fully understand everyday precarity beyond national boundaries. Therefore, farm labour contractors are key channels of transnationalisation by contributing to further fragmentation at the local level in already highly segmented labour markets.
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Goeiman, Johnathan. „The Bakkie Brigade in Cape Town’s urban waste economy: exploring waste mobilities and the precariat“. University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8121.
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Magister Artium - MASolid waste management in South Africa is in a phase of transitioning. This transition entails the valorisation and diversion of recyclable waste away from landfills for the creation of a new secondary recycling economy. However, reclaimers within the Global South have been engaged in valorising waste through market-driven pricing. Localised and ‘informal’ as they are, they remain a significant source of labour for global capital. Their presence runs parallel to the emergence of green models such as the circular economy, coupled with contentious initiatives that aim at formalising and integrating reclaimers. Given the revitalised emphasis on the urban waste economy, inadequate attention has been given to understanding the linkages between the formal processing companies and informal waste reclaimers operating at the level of the street and landfill.
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Watson, Luke. „Black Bodies in the Open City: Precarity and Belonging in the work of Teju Cole“. Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31010.
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This dissertation attempts to read Nigerian-American writer Teju Cole’s fiction and essays as sustained demonstrations of precarity, as theorised by Judith Butler in Precarious Life (2004). Though never directly cited by Cole, Butler’s articulation of a shared condition of bodily vulnerability and interdependency offers a generative critical framework through which to read Cole’s representations of black bodies as they move across space. By presenting the ‘black body’, rather than ‘black man’, as the preferred metonym for black people, Cole’s work, which I argue can be read as peculiar travel narratives, foregrounds the bodily dimension of black life, and develops an ambivalent storytelling mode to narrate the experiences of characters who encompass multiple spatialities and subjectivities. Through close analysis of the novels Open City (2011) and Every Day is for the Thief (2007), and essays from the collection Known and Strange Things (2016), principally “Black Body” and “Unmournable Bodies”, I argue that Cole’s work subverts certain tropes in the tradition of black literary cosmopolitanism, as exemplified by James Baldwin, at the same time as Cole self-consciously situates himself within that tradition. It is the insistence on the black body as site of publicity at once desirable and vulnerable, to paraphrase Butler, that allows Cole to make these interventions. A tentative critical consensus on Cole’s work has begun to emerge: his oeuvre is read alongside a cohort of contemporary African and black diasporic writers whose works navigate the tenuous boundary between Western centers and peripheral Africa. It is not my intention in this dissertation to argue against those readings, but rather to offer the concept of precarity as productive framework that allows for readings that other spatio-temporal frameworks may occlude.
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Batra-Wells, Puja. „Art/Work: Place-Making, Precarity, and the Performance of Artistic Occupational Identities in Columbus, Ohio“. The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471460370.
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Julià, Pérez Mireia 1981. „Precarització de les condicions d'ocupació a la Unió Europea: Precarietat, informalitat, i associació amb la salut“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406084.
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Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu principal descriure la precarització del mercat laboral tal com es manifesta en diferents tipus de contracte (permanent, temporal i informal) i explorar l’associació de la precarietat laboral amb la salut dels treballadors. A través de diferents metodologies s’han realitzat tres estudis quantitatius amb dades de diferents enquestes i dues revisions diferents de la literatura. Els resultats confirmen la precarització de les condicions d’ocupació com a conseqüència de les polítiques del mercat de treball i l’augment del poder dels empresaris. La precarietat laboral està present en tots els tipus de contracte estudiats, tant en els treballadors permanents com en els temporals i informals, i segueix un gradient entre elles. També s’ha demostrat que el treball informal, una de les condicions d’ocupació menys estudiades des del punt de vista de la salut pública, es troba present a la Unió Europea. Aquests treballadors tenen pitjors condicions de treball i nivells més elevats de precarietat laboral comparats amb els treballadors permanents i temporals; però això no es reflexa en un pitjor estat de salut. Els nostres resultats confirmen la importància d’estudiar la precarietat laboral mitjançant una mesura multidimensional. Incloure en els sistemes de vigilància epidemiològica la mesura tant de la precarietat laboral com del treball informal seria de gran importància per tal de constatar-ne l’evolució i permetre el disseny de polítiques públiques orientades a millorar la salut dels treballadors i reduir les desigualtats en salut existents entre ells.The main aim of this dissertation was to describe the precaritzation of the labour market as it manifests itself in different types of contract (permanent, temporary and informal) as a proxy of employment conditions and to explore the association of precarious employment with workers’ health. Adopting different methodologies, three quantitative studies were performed using data from different surveys as well as two different types of literature reviews. Results confirm the precaritzation of employment conditions as a consequence of the labour market policies and an increase of the employers’ power. Employment precariousness is present in all types of contract studied, both in permanent employees and in temporary and informal employees, and a gradient exists between them. It has also shown that informal employment, one of the least studied employment condition from a public health stand point, is present in the European Union. These workers have worse working conditions and higher levels of precarious employment compared with permanent and temporary workers; but this is not reflected as having worse health. Our results confirm the importance of studying precarious employment through multidimensional measure. Including both measures of precarious and informal employment in epidemiological surveillance systems is of great importance in order to verify their evolution and allow for the design of public policies oriented to improve workers’ health and reduce existing health inequalities among them.
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Eerbeek, van Peter. „Thai local brokers in the Swedish berry industry : Roles and positions across time and space“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160800.
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Over the last decade, each year 2500 - 6000 Thai go to Sweden to work as berry pickers during the berry season via a regulated system of temporary work permits. Bangkok-based staffing agencies rely on the networks of local brokers to recruit workers in Thailand’s more peripheral northeastern Isan region, as part of the larger migration industry in Thailand. During the berry season, these local brokers also travel to Sweden and are part of the division of labour. Next to picking berries, their jobs can be cook, camp leader, and driver. Key concerns raised in relation to this seasonal work are precarity and vulnerability to exploitation, resulting from to the need to pay high fees to staffing agencies and a piece-rate wage-system. This thesis aims to analyze roles and positions across time and space of local Thai brokers. It does so by examining how they have come to occupy their current positions, and what their roles are in the recruitment process in Thailand and during the during the berry season in Sweden. Moreover, it investigates the interlinkages between these two roles, and how differences in remuneration and payments of fees shape precarity at the micro-scale. Based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in the Kaeng Khro district in Thailand in March 2019, this study suggests that the local brokers are industry veterans. Moreover, is suggests a large degree of variation in size and scope of local brokerage. During the berry season in Sweden, the local brokers tend to occupy positions above the regular berry pickers. Moreover, it is suggested that there is a differentiated precarity within the group of brokers, resulting from differences in the payment of wages and the need to pay fees to staffing agencies.
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Di, Tullio Rosa Bianca <1981>. „(Ri)generando la precarietà nello Stato sociale dell'Austerità: uno studio di caso sulle politiche di "inclusione attiva" nel comune di Venezia“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7372.
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La ricerca intende dimostrare come il paradigma della pro-attività – nell'ambito delle politiche socio-assistenziali di contrasto alla povertà del regime neoliberista – sia funzionale alla produzione di una riserva permanente di manodopera precaria ed a buon mercato. Nella prima parte – avvalendosi del concetto marxiano di esercito industriale di riserva e dell'analisi, in chiave di lettura marxista, dei processi di impoverimento globale –, ci si prefigge di analizzare i fondamenti teorici ed i discorsi ideologici che sono alla base delle nuove configurazioni dello Stato sociale nell'era dell'accumulazione flessibile, dedicando speciale attenzione alle politiche europee per l'inclusione attiva. Si intende evidenziare come il modello del "welfare to work", di pari passo con l'espansione delle politiche di austerità, sia oggi l'approccio dominante nelle politiche socio-assistenziali in Europa. La seconda parte della ricerca – a partire dalla ricostruzione ed analisi del sistema di condizionalità, vincoli e politiche pro-attive, destinato all'utenza adulta in carico ai servizi sociali del Comune di Venezia – intende discutere in quale misura la combinazione tra “lotta all'assistenzialismo”, "welfare to work" e politiche di austerità possano favorire l'acutizzazione delle disuguaglianze, la precarietà e l'emarginazione sociale.
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Lucaveche, Martínez Joseline Camila, und Endress Catalina Macarena Rojas. „Análisis Jurisprudencial de los títulos que los tribunales superiores de justicia han reconocido al precarista (2005-2018)“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170323.
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