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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Pre-medical first aid“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Pre-medical first aid"
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Billier-Katrych, Mariia. „Pre-medical basic first aid curriculum for 5 to 11 year old children“. Resuscitation 130 (September 2018): e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.177.
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Wexler, Brian B., und Norma S. Saks. „Introducing First Aid Skills to Pre-Clerkship Medical Students While Reinforcing Basic Science Concepts“. Medical Science Educator 24, Nr. 2 (13.03.2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-014-0034-1.
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Chandra, Anita, Jee Kim, Huibrie C. Pieters, Jennifer Tang, Michael McCreary, Merritt Schreiber und Kenneth Wells. „Implementing Psychological First-Aid Training for Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers“. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, Nr. 1 (Februar 2014): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.112.
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AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the feasibility and impact on knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of psychological first-aid (PFA) training in a sample of Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) members. Data have been limited on the uptake of PFA training in surge responders (eg, MRC) who are critical to community response.MethodsOur mixed-methods approach involved self-administered pre- and post-training surveys and within-training focus group discussions of 76 MRC members attending a PFA training and train-the-trainer workshop. Listen, protect, connect (a PFA model for lay persons) focuses on listening and understanding both verbal and nonverbal cues; protecting the individual by determining realistic ways to help while providing reassurance; and connecting the individual with resources in the community.ResultsFrom pre- to post-training, perceived confidence and capability in using PFA after an emergency or disaster increased from 71% to 90% (P < .01), but no significant increase was found in PFA-related knowledge. Qualitative analyses suggest that knowledge and intentions to use PFA increased with training. Brief training was feasible, and while results were modest, the PFA training resulted in greater reported confidence and perceived capability in addressing psychological distress of persons affected by public health threats.ConclusionPFA training is a promising approach to improve surge responder confidence and competency in addressing postdisaster needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
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Омельчук, Михайло Анатолійович. „The model of formation of competence for provide the first pre-medical aid in pharmacists“. ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, Nr. 7 (3) (30.07.2016): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2016.74565.
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Hanušová, Jaroslava, und Jiří Prokop. „Knowledge of Vocational Education and Practical Training Teachers on Providing Pre-medical First Aid in the Czech Republic“. Labor et Educatio 8 (2020): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25439561le.20.016.13007.
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The authors carried out a long-term research on knowledge of providing premedical first aid amongst elementary school teachers in the past years. The research results showed, among the others, that more than 45% of accidents at schools happen during vocational training. On this basis, the authors decided to carry out a long-term (2019–2021) research verifying the level of selected pre-medical first aid competencies amongst educational professionals providing vocational education and practical training. The study aimed at finding out whether and to what extent the vocational education and practical training teachers are competent in providing layman’s first aid, to understand possible gaps in these competencies, and to establish corresponding training needs. At this moment, the study sample includes 325 teachers of vocational education and practical training at vocational schools, secondary vocational schools, or secondary and higher technical schools, with a varying level of teaching experience. A quantitative method was used (questionnaire) in the research. The respondents completed a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part focused on selected attitudes, opinions and experience in providing pre-medical first aid, and the second part contained a knowledge test. The results show that the highest number of respondents failed questions on how to stop bleeding and treat wounds. The respondents believe that these are the most frequent injuries during vocational education and practical training. Many respondents also failed questions on what to do in case of a knocked-out tooth (only 42% of correct answers), how to provide first aid in case of epileptic seizure (42% of correct answers), and how to provide first aid in case of hypoglycaemia (31% of correct answers) and asthma (35%). It is clear that the failures stated above might have been influenced by not being familiar with updated international recommended first aid procedures, which are updated every five years, and 53% of respondents do not receive a pre-medical first aid training where they could gain this information. Taking into account the sample size and continuation of the research, it is certainly not possible to draw any general conclusions on the presented research. The respondents themselves state that they feel quite uncertain about their knowledge and skills related to providing layman’s first aid. However, this situation can lead to a serious threat or damage to health and lives of students. The authors of this study realize that it is necessary to take very seriously every sign of incompetency, and that they can only be eliminated by systematic education based, in particular, on regular practical training sessions (acquiring practical skills) in small groups and a development of interactive materials on first aid. An annual training session within the OHS (occupational health and safety) system is evidently insufficient.
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Levchuk, I. P., und M. V. Kostyuchenko. „Unification of the Preparation of Schoolchildren of Medical Classes for Competitions of Pre-Professional Skills“. Virtual Technologies in Medicine 1, Nr. 3 (17.09.2021): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2021_3_1373.
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Currently, within the framework of vocational guidance for schoolchildren, quite active work is underway; since 2018, a pre-professional exam has been introduced, including in the theoretical part of the program in biology, chemistry, the basics of medical knowledge and other natural science subjects, in the practical part, first aid skills are assessed. However, until now there is no single strategy for preparing students for the first aid program. In order to unify the training of students in medical classes, a work program and a textbook for medical classes have been developed.
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Arti, Km, Rina Kumari, Sciddhartha Koonwar und Anugrah Charan. „Effectiveness of an instructional module regarding first-aid of pediatric emergencies on knowledge among mothers of 1-6 years children“. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20205508.
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Background: The first aid is given to preserve and protect life, prevent further injury or deterioration of the victim, and help to promote recovery. The objectives of the study were to assess the pre- test knowledge scores regarding first aid of pediatric emergencies among mothers of 1-6 years children, to evaluate the effectiveness of an instructional module regarding first aid of pediatric emergencies on knowledge among mothers of 1-6 years children, to find out the association between the post-test knowledge scores of mothers with their demographic variables.Methods: Quasi-experimental with one group pre-test post-test design was used for 48 mothers at pediatric medical ward, surgery ward and trauma emergency KGMU, Lucknow and purposive sampling technique was used. Self-structured knowledge questionnaires on first aid of pediatric emergencies were used. Based on the objectives and the hypotheses the data were analyzed by using various statistical tests.Results: The result reveals that the overall score was 13.17 in pre-test and 20.13 in post- test after distribution of Instructional module to mothers 22 (45.83%) had good knowledge and 26 (54.17%) had average knowledge regarding first aid of selected conditions of pediatric emergencies. Paired ‘t’ test showed that there was a significant improvement between pre-test and post-test scores with a 't' value of -24.639, p<0.05.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the Instructional module regarding first aid of Pediatric Emergencies was effective in improving knowledge of mothers of 1-6 years children.
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Olumide, Adesola O., Michael C. Asuzu und Oladele O. Kale. „Effect of First Aid Education on First Aid Knowledge and Skills of Commercial Drivers in South West Nigeria“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, Nr. 6 (28.10.2015): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005282.
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AbstractBackgroundPrompt prehospital care is essential for improving outcomes of road crash victims; however, this service is sub-optimal in developing countries because Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are not readily available. Training of lay responders in first aid has been suggested as a means of filling this gap in settings with inadequate EMS. This study was conducted to determine the effect of first aid training on the first aid knowledge and skills of commercial drivers.MethodsA before-and-after study was conducted among 128 commercial drivers (62 intervention and 66 controls) selected by multi-stage sampling. Drivers’ first aid knowledge and skills were assessed at baseline, immediate, and three months post-intervention. The intervention involved a 2-day training session in first aid. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in respondents’ pre- and post-intervention scores over the three assessment points.ResultsMean first aid knowledge scores for intervention drivers were 48.9% (SD=12.0), 57.8% (SD=11.2), and 59.2% (SD=9.0) at baseline, immediate, and three months post-intervention. Corresponding scores for the controls were 48.3% (SD=12.8), 39.2% (SD=15.3), and 46.8% (SD=15.3). Mean first aid skill scores for intervention drivers were 17.5% (SD=3.8), 80.7% (SD=8.3), and 72.3% (SD=16.8). Scores for control drivers were 16.5% (SD=4.5), 16.3% (SD=4.7), and 20.4% (SD=9.1), respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in first aid knowledge and skills scores over the three phases. Independent t-test revealed significant differences in scores between the intervention and control groups post-intervention.ConclusionThe training led to significant improvement in first aid knowledge and skills of intervention drivers. This confirms that lay responders can be trained in provision of first aid. The slight drop in skills scores, which occurred three months post-intervention, highlights the need for periodic refresher trainings to be conducted for the drivers in order to maintain the knowledge and skills acquired.OlumideAO, AsuzuMC, KaleOO. Effect of first aid education on first aid knowledge and skills of commercial drivers in South West Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):579–585.
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Katona, Lindsay B., William S. Douglas, Sean R. Lena, Kyle G. Ratner, Daniel Crothers, Robert L. Zondervan und Charles D. Radis. „Wilderness First Aid Training as a Tool for Improving Basic Medical Knowledge in South Sudan“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, Nr. 6 (23.10.2015): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005270.
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AbstractIntroductionThe challenges presented by traumatic injuries in low-resource communities are especially relevant in South Sudan. This study was conducted to assess whether a 3-day wilderness first aid (WFA) training course taught in South Sudan improved first aid knowledge. Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities (SOLO) Schools designed the course to teach people with limited medical knowledge to use materials from their environment to provide life-saving care in the event of an emergency.MethodsA pre-test/post-test study design was used to assess first aid knowledge of 46 community members in Kit, South Sudan, according to a protocol approved by the University of New England Institutional Review Board. The course and assessments were administered in English and translated in real-time to Acholi and Arabic, the two primary languages spoken in the Kit region. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were conducted.ResultsResults included a statistically significant improvement in first aid knowledge after the 3-day training course: t(38)=3.94; P<.001. Although men started with more health care knowledge: (t(37)=2.79; P=.008), men and women demonstrated equal levels of knowledge upon course completion: t(37)=1.56; P=.88.ConclusionsThis research, which may be the first of its kind in South Sudan, provides evidence that a WFA training course in South Sudan is efficacious. These findings suggest that similar training opportunities could be used in other parts of the world to improve basic medical knowledge in communities with limited access to medical resources and varying levels of education and professional experiences.KatonaLB, DouglasWS, LenaSR, RatnerKG, CrothersD, ZondervanRL, RadisCD. Wilderness first aid training as a tool for improving basic medical knowledge in South Sudan. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):574–578.
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Siddiqui, Aesha Farheen, Saad Qaddah Al Qahtani, Abulelah Mesfer Al Qahtani, Shahad Abdullah Barkout und Abdul Khaliq Ali AlAamri. „Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Burns Prevention and First Aid among Medical Students of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia“. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 17, Nr. 4 (19.09.2018): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v17i4.38313.
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Background: Burn prevention and first aid knowledge amongst medical students is a neglected subject.Objectives: 1.Assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students regarding burn prevention and first aid 2. Identify their sources of knowledge.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey of KKU medical students documented their sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitudes and practices of burn prevention and first aid, and their sources of information. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Descriptive information was presented as frequency and percentages, while Chi square test was used to find association of knowledge with sociodemographic factors.Results: A total of 273 students, from preclinical and clinical level were enrolled in the study. With an average of 9.3 correct responses, the median score of knowledge regarding burn prevention and first aid was 56.2 %. About half of the respondents (50.9%) achieved a fair knowledge score i.e. between 50-75%.College curriculum emerged as the major source of information for burn prevention (34.06%) and first aid (25.27%). About 42 % students suggested that inclusion in college curriculum would be the best way to increase awareness. YouTube emerged as the most common extra-curricular learning method (67.7%). Students in clinical years of medical education demonstrated significantly higher knowledge than those in pre-clinical years (p=0.01, COR=1.82). Fire prevention practices were not widely in place; however students revealed a positive attitude towards the same.Conclusion: Medical students have a fair knowledge in burn prevention and first aid and carry a positive attitude towards training. Incorporating social media for health awareness shows promise.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.537-544
Dissertationen zum Thema "Pre-medical first aid"
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Křečková, Adéla. „Analýza miskoncepcí v první pomoci u pedagogů a veřejnosti v ČR“. Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434113.
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First aid is defined as a set of simple procedures that effectively reduce the extants or consequences of the threats to health or life. The first aid procedures are defined in the so- called Guidelines published by the European Resuscition Council (ERC) every five years. Even so, wrong procedures and myths are still present in the population. These could endanger peoples' health or cause death. In this diploma thesis, these incorrect procedures are called misconceptions. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the present misconceptions among general population and teachers in the Czech Republic, their dispersion and sources. The outcomes of this study are compared with results of the Czech Elementary school and Grammar school teachers determined by Zvěřinová (2018). Secondary aim is to analyze dissemination of misconceptions among the respondents from general public that had some first aid training in their life and to find out, if the extant of the training is relevant. Also, the level of first aid training at all levels of education is assessed. The research was realized by an online questionnaire. The main part of the questionnaire contains 10 case studies and the respondents decide on accuracy of the given solutions. The research sample consists of 1 046 respondents from three categories...
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Urbanová, Nikola. „Úroveň znalostí v poskytování předlékařské první pomoci u učitelů vybraných základních škol v Karlových Varech“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445922.
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This thesis is devoted to Topic: Knowledge level of first aid procedures among teachers of seleced primary schools in Karlovy Vary. In the theoretical part my focus is on the term pre- medical first aid, the principles of providing it, the legislation associated with first aid, mentioned are also the first-aider's safety, the principles of calling professional medical help, there are also the press line phone numbers stated. The thesis contains principles of first aid provided especially to children in selected injury and non-injury conditions. In practical part of this thesis I present quantitative research through questionnaire which was addressed to pedagogues of selected primary and secondary schools in Karlovy Vary. The data obtained were processed into graphs or tables. The main aim of this thesis was to discover the knowledge level of pre-medical first aid in teachers. The questionnaire evaluation suggests that the knowledge level of pre-medical first aid practices in by me selected teachers could be graded as B. It was discovered that the years of pedagogical experience in by me selected teachers might have an impact on the theoretical knowledge of providing pre-medical first aid. It is evident from my research that the best average grade for answering knowledge questions in questionnaire...
Bücher zum Thema "Pre-medical first aid"
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Welfare, Canada Health and. Pre-hospital emergency care services: Guidelines. Ottawa: Health and Welfare, 1985.
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Hodgetts, T. J. The pre-hospital emergency management master. London: BMJ, 1995.
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Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee. Pre-hospital guidelines 2002: For use in U.K. ambulance services (Version 2.1). [S.l.]: JRCALC, 2002.
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Cepunov, Boris, Konstanciya Gozhenko und Evgeniy Zhilyaev. Surgery. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048569.
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The tutorial consists of two sections. The section "General surgery" covers the issues of prevention of surgical infection, issues of anesthesia, organization of preoperative and postoperative periods and other issues of general surgery (blood transfusion, transfusion, open and closed injuries, types of operative and non-operative surgical techniques, surgical infection, tumors). Attention is paid to general disorders of the vital activity of the body, as well as resuscitation, emergency care in case of accidents.
The section "Specific types of surgical pathology" describes injuries and diseases of the head and neck, chest, abdominal cavity, spine and pelvis, limbs, peripheral vessels and nerves. Much attention is paid to the care of surgical patients at all stages of treatment. The principles and methods of providing first medical and pre-medical care in critical conditions of the patient are described in detail. The final chapter is devoted to the technique of surgical manipulations.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of paramedic, obstetric and nursing departments of medical colleges and colleges.
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Baldini, Gianni, und Monica Soldano, Hrsg. Tecnologie riproduttive e tutela della persona. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-623-5.
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Tecnologie riproduttive e tutela della persona. This book emerged from the collaboration between the department of Biolaw of the University of Florence and the non-profit association Madre Provetta. It represents the first stage in a larger editorial project that aspires to contribute study and research to build towards a common European law on bioethics. The authors who have collaborated on this book are among the leading experts, in their respective fields, on questions raised by technologies of reproduction, which are here elaborated at both medical-scientific level and in their relation to sociology, bioethics, law and politics. The various contributions are divided into three specific thematic areas: liberty of reproduction and rights of the individual, pre-implant genetic diagnosis and the freedom and limitations of scientific research.
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National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (U.S.). Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support Committee. und American College of Surgeons. Committee on Trauma., Hrsg. PHTLS--Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support. Akron, Ohio: Emergency Training, 1986.
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National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (U.S.) Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support Committee. und American College of Surgeons. Committee on Trauma., Hrsg. PHTLS--pre-hospital trauma life support: Basic and advanced. 3. Aufl. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994.
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Cooke, Matthew, Timothy J. Hodgetts und Iain Mcneil. The Pre-Hospital Emergency Management Master. B M J Books, 1999.
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Anderson, Sarah R., James Moore, Sarah R. Anderson, Jon Dallimore, Claire Davies, Richard Dawood, Peter Harvey et al. Preparations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0002.
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Joining an expedition - Role of the expedition medical officer - Creating expedition teams - Immunization - Medical kits and supplies - Medical and first-aid training - Medical screening - Advising those with common pre-existing conditions - The older traveller - Child health in remote areas - Risk management - Medical insurance - Legal liabilities and professional insurance
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Anderson, Sarah R., James Moore, Sarah R. Anderson, Jon Dallimore, Claire Davies, Richard Dawood, Peter Harvey et al. Preparations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0002_update_001.
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Joining an expedition - Role of the expedition medical officer - Creating expedition teams - Immunization - Medical kits and supplies - Medical and first-aid training - Medical screening - Advising those with common pre-existing conditions - The older traveller - Child health in remote areas - Risk management - Medical insurance - Legal liabilities and professional insurance
Buchteile zum Thema "Pre-medical first aid"
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Dutta, Palash. „Medical Pre-Screening of Common Diseases“. In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 267–92. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5788-4.ch011.
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In this chapter, relation between IFS and IVFS are studied and reviewed along with some existing distance measures on IFSs. Then, some distance measures for IVFSs are derived from IFSs and some properties on distance measures for IVFSs are ascertained. In the end, an attempt has been made to perform pre-screening test for common diseases of patients in two scenarios under this setting. In the first scenario, for medical prescreening IFSs data are taken and converted into IVFSs while IVFSs data are taken into consideration for the same in the second scenario.
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Selzer, Robin Arnsperger, Rohan Srivastava und Alexis Huckleberry. „Using the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) With First-Year, Pre-Med Students“. In Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics, 156–76. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1468-9.ch009.
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Medical education emphasizes cross-cultural training programs to meet the needs of diverse patients and understand social determinants of health as root causes leading to healthcare disparities. The question remains about how to best accomplish this in the curriculum. Students in pursuit of medical education need intercultural training early to examine implicit biases, treat the patient not just the disease, and become patient advocates before they practice. This chapter addresses critical issues related to the human side of healthcare. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI®) and accompanying reflection prompts were administered to 40 pre-med students. Findings revealed students overestimated their intercultural understanding and 97.5% had monocultural mindsets. Six themes demonstrated how the IDI® can be used to develop critically reflective future healthcare providers: Reframing Reactions, Lack of Exposure to Other Cultures, Lack of Cultural Self-Awareness, Bi-cultural Identity and Fitting In, Healthcare Connections, and Diversity and University Opportunities.
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Waggoner, Miranda R. „From the Womb to the Woman“. In Zero Trimester. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288065.003.0002.
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This chapter traces the history and evolution of health professionals’ thinking about how medicine and public health should intervene to ensure healthy pregnancies, focusing specifically on the extent to which medical thought has implicated pre-pregnancy health and health care as influencing reproductive outcomes. Analyzing medical and public health literature from the nineteenth century through the turn of the twenty-first century, this chapter reveals how medical faith in prenatal care—and its attendant focus on the womb and pregnancy—declined over the course of the twentieth century. As a result of this and other demographic and political changes, pre-pregnancy discourse resurged in the medical literature—shifting, in many ways, the locus of risk for a healthy pregnancy from the womb to the woman.
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Jaffary, Nora E. „Contraception and Abortion“. In Reproduction and Its Discontents in Mexico. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629391.003.0004.
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This chapter uses ethnohistorical accounts, medical texts, legal codes, and criminal and Inquisition records to trace both practices and attitudes toward abortion and contraception in Mexico beginning in the pre-Columbian era and carrying through the nineteenth century. In the colonial period, Mexican midwives employed a variety of medicinal substances, particularly the flowering plant cihuapatli, to assist women in regulating their pregnancies while neither state nor medical authorities did little to regulate their use. Although colonial law condemned abortion, Mexican communities condoned or ignored women’s use of both contraception and abortion. In the wake of the country’s establishment of the first national penal code in 1871, however, denunciations for the crime of abortion dramatically increased. The growing penalization of abortion is also apparent in the agents of institutional medicine’s increased efforts in the century and a half after 1750 to limit women’s use of pre-Columbian abortifacients.
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Waggoner, Miranda R. „Get a Reproductive Life Plan!“ In Zero Trimester. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288065.003.0005.
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This chapter details how pre-pregnancy care has been taken up clinically and culturally, especially through the emergence of the “reproductive life plan” as a clinical tool. Drawing on expert interviews and an examination of medical pamphlets, professional literature, public health campaign materials, media depictions of pre-pregnancy care, and popular books, this chapter focuses on the individualized and gendered aspects of contemporary pre-pregnancy health ideas. Specifically, the pre-pregnancy care model is shown to reflect a neoliberal health ethos in which women are held individually responsible for the optimization of reproduction in America in the twenty-first century. This chapter makes the case that as reproductive knowledge and policy were produced, so were medicine, morals, and markets.
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Binding, Carmen, und Mahantesh Karoshi. „Preconceptional medicine“. In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, herausgegeben von Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny und Stergios Doumouchtsis, 83–95. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0006.
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Preconceptional medicine may be a woman’s first introduction to preventative health, which has the potential to impact not only her own health, but the health of any future pregnancies. The concept of preconceptional medicine was initially recognized due to poor maternal and fetal outcomes associated with pre-existing maternal conditions. With counselling in the preconceptional period, modifiable risks including biomedical, behavioural, and social risks can be addressed in the period before pregnancy, in order to optimize the health of the pregnancy. This chapter focuses on counselling for women of reproductive age with common chronic medical disorders, as well as counselling for couples with pre-existing conditions or a complex past obstetric history.
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Chauca, Edward. „Indigenous Medicine and Nation-Building“. In Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America, 133–48. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the role of Andean culture in Peruvian physician Hermilio Valdizán’s project of creating and disseminating a national medical history in the early twentieth century. Valdizán’s interest in indigenous medicine and its healing treatments emerged as a critique of certain European intellectuals and physicians who suggested that people in the Americas were intrinsically inferior and unhealthy. Through the use of medical literature, crónicas de indias, literary fiction, newspapers, dictionaries, and pre-colonial pottery, Valdizán defended indigenous peoples’ intellectual capability, emphasizing how they categorized mental illnesses and their treatments. His ground-breaking research was the first attempt to insert traditional Andean medicine into the national history of medicine and mental health.
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Wears, Robert L., und Kathleen M. Sutcliffe. „Halting Steps“. In Still Not Safe, 79–98. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271268.003.0006.
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Early studies of medical harm appeared in the 1950s, with rates of injury little different from those reported 50 years later. Philosopher Ivan Illich criticized medicalization of everyday life, using annual deaths from auto accidents as an example. Malpractice concerns became entangled with safety, and the first malpractice crisis in the US came about due to advances, rather than deficiencies, in care. The Harvard Medical Practice Study (HMPS) renewed interest in medical harm as a cause of malpractice suits in a series of four papers in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine. Although it was not a pre-defined outcome of the study, one paper by Lucian Leape reframed the problem as one of medical “error”; the other three did not use the term. Lucian Leape fortuitously drew on error research in cognitive psychology and other safety science work on “error” stemming from the research triggered by the Three Mile Island nuclear disaster and other accidents. He formulated those concepts in a form digestible by health professionals and published them in the widely read medical journal JAMA—Journal of the American Medical Association. The figure of 100,000 annual deaths was first circulated.
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Pires, Paulo Botelho, António Correia Barros und Filipe Taveira Santos. „The Buying Decision-Making Process in the Selection of Device Suppliers in Reproductive Medicine“. In Management and Marketing for Improved Competitiveness and Performance in the Healthcare Sector, 1–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7263-4.ch001.
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This study identifies the criteria underlying the buying decision-making process of medical devices in reproductive medicine. This research had three main objectives. The first one was to translate the criteria mentioned by the decision-makers into theoretical constructs, while the second objective was intended to establish the relationship between the constructs, creating a conceptual model of buying decision-making for medical devices in reproductive medicine. The third objective was to identify suitable business and marketing strategies for such a decision-making process. Four constructs were evaluated in the pre-purchase phase, namely the brand, the product's performance, the training associated with the product, and the price. In the post-purchase phase, decision-makers evaluated the following constructs: service provided by the company, the relationship with the salesperson, and loyalty. Regarding marketing strategies, market-orientation strategy, relationship-marketing strategy, and brand-equity strategy were identified as possible strategies.
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Li, Hang Wun Raymond, und Pak Chung Ho. „Termination of pregnancy“. In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, herausgegeben von Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny und Stergios Doumouchtsis, 678–83. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0054.
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When an unintended pregnancy occurs secondary to contraceptive failure, the availability of safe means of pregnancy termination is important to minimize morbidities and mortalities associated with the abortion procedure. Where allowed within the legal constraints, access to safe abortion should be facilitated without prejudice and stigmatization. The healthcare providers should offer proper pre-abortion counselling and assessment, and choice of the abortion method should be made based on the gestational age and local expertise. Both medical and surgical methods are available for the effective termination of first- and second-trimester pregnancies. Most recommended regimens for medical abortion involve the use of misoprostol with or without mifepristone, whereas surgical abortions generally employ suction evacuation of the uterus. Providers of abortion service should be familiarized with the evidence-based guidelines and protocols published by various authorities on the abortion procedures and postabortion care, as well as means to prevent complications.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Pre-medical first aid"
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Prokop, Jiří, und Jaroslava Hanušová. „EDUCATIONAL PROFESSIONALS' PRE-MEDICAL FIRST AID COMPETENCES AND TRAINING OPTIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC“. In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.0302.
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Wu, Xiao-qiang, Chunyou Zhang, Li-hua Wang und Li Li. „Study on Remote Medical System Application in the Severe Trauma Pre-hospital First Aid“. In 2017 7th International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (ICASET 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaset-17.2017.13.
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Shang, Junyuan, Tengfei Ma, Cao Xiao und Jimeng Sun. „Pre-training of Graph Augmented Transformers for Medication Recommendation“. In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/825.
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Medication recommendation is an important healthcare application. It is commonly formulated as a temporal prediction task. Hence, most existing works only utilize longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) from a small number of patients with multiple visits ignoring a large number of patients with a single visit (selection bias). Moreover, important hierarchical knowledge such as diagnosis hierarchy is not leveraged in the representation learning process. Despite the success of deep learning techniques in computational phenotyping, most previous approaches have two limitations: task-oriented representation and ignoring hierarchies of medical codes. To address these challenges, we propose G-BERT, a new model to combine the power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) for medical code representation and medication recommendation. We use GNNs to represent the internal hierarchical structures of medical codes. Then we integrate the GNN representation into a transformer-based visit encoder and pre-train it on EHR data from patients only with a single visit. The pre-trained visit encoder and representation are then fine-tuned for downstream predictive tasks on longitudinal EHRs from patients with multiple visits. G-BERT is the first to bring the language model pre-training schema into the healthcare domain and it achieved state-of-the-art performance on the medication recommendation task.
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Akhbardeh, Farhad, und Hasan Demirel. „Coronary Stenosis Measurements Using K-Means Clustering“. In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6968.
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Medical imaging is one of common area that nowadays researchers uses human body images for clinical or medical science [1] [2]. Currently most of the diagnoses are performed by doctors after manual inspection of real time frames of the video generated by the respective medical imaging systems. In this paper, we propose to use digital image processing techniques in detection and categorization of the clogs in the arteries (stenosis/blockage) by using the frames generated from the X-ray angiography [3][4]. Utilized image pre-processing methods includes selecting a line of Interest (LOI) on blocked vessel and further selection of the region of interest (ROI) on that area, then automatically cropping the region of interest followed by Gaussian filtering for smoothing. In the post processing, three alternative methods are proposed to measure the stenosis in the vessel. The first method applies thresholding (Local) to extract the vessel of interest. The extracted vessel is analyzed for the calculation of the stenosis in percentage [5]. The second method utilizes segmentation (both edge-based and region-based) of the vessel tissue over the extracted pixels of ROI. The final method uses K-means clustering to differentiate between the vessel regions and non-vessel regions. Among the proposed methods K-means clustering based method outperforms the thresholding and segmentation methods.
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Rao, Abhiram, und Prahlad G. Menon. „4D Mitral Valve Motion Analysis Using Multi-Plane Cine Cardiac MRI Reconstructions for Functional Classification of Patients With Mitral Regurgitation“. In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39910.
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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common consequence of ventricular remodeling in heart failure (HF) patients with systolic dysfunction and is associated with diminished survival rates. Characterization of patient-specific anatomy and function of the regurgitant mitral valve (MV) can enhance surgical decision making in terms of medical device choice and deployment strategy for minimally invasive endovascular approaches for MV repair. As a first step toward pre-operative planning for MV repair, we examine the feasibility of using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images acquired in multiple orientations to resolve leaflet function and timing. In this study, MV motion of a HF patient with ischemic heart disease exhibiting both adverse ventricular remodeling and MR was compared pre-operatively against a normal control from the Sunnybrook cardiac database, starting with manually segmented 2D MV contours from cine CMR images acquired in multiple orientations. We find that MV motion analysis from CMR imaging is feasible and anatomical reconstruction using oriented segmentations from a combination of imaging slices acquired in multiple orientations can help overcome inherent limitations of CMR image data in terms of resolving small anatomical features, owing to finite slice-thicknesses and partial volume effects.
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Biermann, Dirk, und Markus Heilmann. „Hybrid Manufacturing of Deep Holes With Small Diameters“. In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50226.
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Bore holes with a high length-to-diameter (l/D)-ratio and small diameters are needed in various industries. Examples are the downsizing of components for medical and biomedical products or for fuel injection in automotive industry due to the increase of injection pressure. For the production of deep holes with very small diameters an adapted process design is necessary, especially when the conditions at the begin of the deep hole drilling process are unfavorable. In these applications, a hybrid process consisting of a laser pre-drilling and a single-lip deep hole drilling can shorten the process chain in machining components with non-planar surfaces, or can reduce tool wear in machining case-hardened materials. In this research, the combination of laser and single-lip drilling processes for the machining of workpieces with non-planar surfaces was realized and investigated for the very first time.
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DOAN, Mai Thi, und Sergey I. DUKHNO. „INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES TO THE HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM IN VIETNAM“. In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.640.
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Purpose – to identify the prerequisites for organizational changes of the emerging health insurance system in Vietnam. Research methodology - comparative analysis, statistical analysis, case study. Findings – the obligatory health insurance in Vietnam performs its functions only partially. There is still high level of out-of-pocket spending on medical services. First we identified one of the most important challenges to the health insurance system in Vietnam, namely, the population aging. Secondly, we identified and analyzed and the prerequisites (the pre-existing conditions), which can become the basis for the reorganization of the existing health insurance system without major reforms: (1) the cultural values of Asian society, which allow to build a community-based type model of living for the elderly on the basis of “equal with equal”; (2) technological advances in medicine that extend the healthy life of the elderly, (3) trust in traditional medicine, which allows widen the coverage of the poorest “elderly households”. Practical implications - the results of the study require attention from the government and insurance providers when rethinking of organizing process for mandatory medical insurance. Originality/Value – we have identified the ways of possible organizational changes for the health insurance system, making the most of the existing prerequisites. This can help to get closer to the goal of full coverage with health insurance services while achieving a positive social effect. The identified internal reserves make it possible to imple- ment organizational changes without major reforms of the established health insurance system. No studies have been conducted in this perspective.
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„Transition to First Year University Study: A Qualitative Descriptive Study on the Psychosocial and Emotional Impacts of a Science Workshop“. In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4188.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/purpose The purpose of this article is to discuss the psychosocial and emotional outcomes of an introductory health science workshop designed to support and assist incoming health science students before starting their university study. Background For the past two decades, a South Australian university offered an on-campus face to face workshop titled ‘Preparation for Health Sciences’ to incoming first-year students from eleven allied health programs such as Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medical Imaging. While many were locals, a good number came from regional and rural areas, and many were international students also. They consisted of both on-campus and off-campus students. The workshop was created as a new learning environment that was available for students of diverse age groups, educational and cultural backgrounds to prepare them to study sciences. The content of the four-day workshop was developed in consultation with the program directors of the allied health programs. The objectives were to: introduce the assumed foundational science knowledge to undertake health sciences degree; gain confidence in approaching science subjects; experience lectures and laboratory activities; and become familiar with the University campus and its facilities. The workshop was delivered a week before the orientation week, before first-year formal teaching weeks. The topics covered were enhancing study skills, medical and anatomical terminology, body systems, basic chemistry and physics, laboratory activities, and assessment of learning. Methodology In order to determine the outcomes of the workshop, a survey was used requiring participants to agree or disagree about statements concerning the preparatory course and answer open-ended questions relating to the most important information learned and the best aspects of the workshop. Several students piloted this questionnaire before use in order to ascertain the clarity of instructions, terminology and statements. The result of the 2015-2018 pre- and post-evaluation showed that the workshop raised confidence and enthusiasm in commencing university and that the majority considered the workshop useful overall. The findings of the survey are drawn upon to examine the psychosocial and emotional impacts of the workshop on participants. Using secondary qualitative analysis, the researchers identified the themes relating to the psychosocial and emotional issues conveyed by the participants. Contribution The contributions of the article are in the areas of improving students’ confidence to complete their university degrees and increasing the likelihood of academic success. Findings Of the 285 students who participated in the workshops from 2015 to 2018, 166 completed the survey conducted at the conclusion of the initiative, representing a 58% response rate. The workshops achieved the objectives outlined at the outset. While there were many findings reported (Thalluri, 2016), the results highlighted in this paper relate to the psychosocial and emotional impacts of the workshop on students. Three themes emerged, and these were Increased preparedness and confidence; Networking and friendships that enhanced support, and Reduced anxiety to study sciences. Some drawbacks were also reported including the cost, time and travel involved. Recommendations for practitioners Students found the introductory workshop to be psychosocially and emotionally beneficial. It is recommended that the same approach be applied for teaching other challenging fields such as mathematics and physics within the university and in other contexts and institutions. Recommendations for researchers Improving and extending the workshop to provide greater accessibility and autonomy is recommended. A longitudinal study to follow up the durability of the workshop is also proposed. Impact on society The impacts in the broader community include: higher academic success for students; improved mental health due to social networking and friendship groups and reduced anxiety and fear; reduced dropout rate in their first year; greater potential to complete educational degrees; reduced wastage in human and financial resources; and increased human capital. Future research Addressing the limitations of cost, time and travel involved, and following-up with the participants’ academic and workplace performance are future directions for research.
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Amabili, Marco, Prabakaran Balasubramanian, Giovanni Ferrari und Eleonora Tubaldi. „Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Behaviour of a Dacron Graft Used for the Treatment of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurism“. In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70781.
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The dynamic behavior of a woven Dacron graft, currently used in thoracic aortic reconstructions in the case of aneurysm or dissection, has been experimentally investigated for the first time. Dacron grafts are widely used in cardiovascular surgery to replace segments of diseased large blood vessels; however, scarce data are available about their durability. The dynamic modeling of such prostheses may fill this gap and may provide guidelines for the study of human aortic segments as well. Dynamic phenomena such as vibrations are being included among the most likely causes of important aortic pathologies, such as dissections and consequent ruptures. The compatibility of the dynamic behavior of Dacron grafts and human arteries seems a characteristic worthy of experimental investigation as well. For this reason, a cylindrical Dacron graft has been subjected to fixed boundary conditions and to a physiological value of static axial pre-stretch. A constant internal pressure, equal to the average value of the physiologic blood pressure, was exerted by a liquid mixture of suitable viscosity and density. A three-dimensional quasi-linear viscoelastic model was fitted onto the Dacron fabric by means of dedicated traction and relaxation tests. Forced linear and large-amplitude vibrations were imposed and measured. An identification tool recently developed by this research group is being used to study the change of the equivalent modal damping ratio with vibration amplitude during nonlinear vibrations. Furthermore, an ongoing study is revealing a dependence of dissipation on frequency that is coherent to the most common model for biological materials adopted by the medical community.
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Faisal, Eman, Mohammed Al- Hashem, Theodoros Papasavvas und Karam Turk-Adawi. „Is there an association between Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation Program and Healthrelated Quality of Life among Patients in Qatar?“ In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0157.
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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide. More patients with CVD are living than before due to medical advancements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for secondary prevention strategies. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a secondary prevention model of care for the management of CVD. Aim: This is the first study to explore the association between attending at least the median number of CR sessions and change in HRQOL among patients in Qatar. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients who were enrolled in the CR program in Qatar. Secondary data were extracted from patients’ records before the CR program (pre-CR) and at patient discharge (post-CR). The SF-36 instrument was used to assess HRQOL among patients. Results: The study involved 396 (91.4%) males; the mean age was 52.7±9.8 (SD) years. There was a statistically significant association between attending at least the median number of CR sessions and change in physical functioning scores (95% CI=8.85-29.11/ p-value=0.002), change in social functioning scores (95% CI=0.04-19.38/ p-value=0.04), change in emotional well-being scores (95% CI= 1.92-22.13/ p-value=0.02), and change in general health scores (95% CI=0.38-16.42/ p-value= 0.03), as compared to attending less than the median number of sessions. The models adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, risk level, depression, and baseline HRQOL scores. Conclusion: CR program improved HRQOL. Therefore, there is a need to promote CR utilization and to implement strategies to keep patients in programs. These findings could motivate policymakers to expand CR program capacity, as the sole program in Qatar.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Pre-medical first aid"
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.
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Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.