Dissertationen: „Pragmatic sociolinguistics“

1

Wright, Elizabeth M. „PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONALITY OF PUNCTUATION ON TWITTER“. UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/29.

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This work presents an analysis of punctuation use in computer-mediated communication (CMC); in particular, the present study aims to describe the pragmatic functions of nonstandard punctuation on Twitter, providing a corpus-driven overview of the distribution and frequency of nonstandard punctuation use, and an analysis of sampled tweets at the individual tweet level to estimate noise levels in the overall corpus. A survey was also conducted which aimed to identify user understanding of the affective content of nonstandard punctuation strings and to identify any possible effects of character repetition. Survey results indicate that linguistic content was the strongest indicator of affective understanding, type of punctuation (i.e., ?, !, and combinations thereof) was a weaker indicator of some affective content, and repetition was not found to be significant. The study argues that certain string types, possibly defined by punctuation type and not count, have large indexical fields of pragmatic meaning available to them, which are bounded by context. In light of these observations, the study also proposes distinctions/categories of punctuation strings and their associated pragmatic meanings.

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2

Zhou, Jing. „Pragmatic development of mandarin-speaking children from 14 months to 32 months“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23294322.

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3

Zhou, Jing, und 周兢. „Pragmatic development of mandarin-speaking children from 14 months to 32 months“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242777.

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4

Johnson, Mary Cathleen. „The Pragmatic Alternation Between Two Negative Imperatives in Argentinian Spanish“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366301687.

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5

Nel, Joanine Hester. „Grammatical and socio-pragmatic aspects of conversational code switching by Afrikaans-English bilingual children“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20030.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study reported in this thesis investigates the grammatical and socio-pragmatic characteristics of the conversational code switching (CS) of three Afrikaans-English bilingual children. The study was conducted by analysing spontaneous conversational CS, elicited during multiple play sessions. Three eight year old Afrikaans-English bilingual boys from Paarl in the Western Cape, with varying language backgrounds, participated in the study. Unstructured play sessions were audio and video recorded and transcribed. All three participants took part in one triadic conversational play session and in two dyadic play sessions. The thesis differentiates between the phenomenon of CS and related sociolinguistic phenomena such as borrowing and interference in order to facilitate a clearer classification of the different types of CS. The identification of the matrix language under the asymmetry principle is done by means of a quantitative analysis, while the grammatical characteristics of the children’s CS are qualitatively evaluated under Myers-Scotton’s Matrix Language Frame and 4-M models. The socio-pragmatic characteristics of the children’s use of intersentential CS are qualitatively evaluated by means of Conversation Analysis, in which the emphasis falls on turn taking and adjacency pair sequences as well as the negotiation of power relations. The study also aims to contribute towards a better understanding of children’s CS, not only in terms of insights into how CS manifests on the surface level of language production, but also in terms of why CS occurs on a deeper language processing and competence level. The general reasons for which the different types of CS occur, and the examination of which grammatical and/or socio-pragmatic difficulties may drive children to use specific types of CS are investigated, while also considering whether the context and the hidden meaning of an utterance have an influence on how and why CS takes place, and where each type of CS occurs. The study reveals that, in terms of characterising the types of CS that occur in the data, all four conversations provided proof of extrasentential, intrasentential and intersentential CS. A preference was observed for intrasentential single code switched forms and for intersentential CS, which occurs due to the negotiation of context, topic and theme. Such negotiation primarily occurs due to combinations and sequences of talk, self-talk, interaction, conversation, narration and role play. Although all types of CS occurred within the data in both Afrikaans and English forms, Afrikaans was identified as the matrix language of the corpus and the majority of the conversations. The asymmetrical occurrence of different morpheme types provides evidence for the two-system hypothesis, namely that Afrikaans and English occur as two different systems within the children’s brains and that language processing occurs by means of the allocation of different morphemes from both languages at the lexical and formulator level to produce language.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie wat in hierdie tesis gerapporteer word analiseer die grammatikale en sosiopragmatiese eienskappe van gespreks-kodewisseling by drie Afrikaans-Engelse tweetalige kinders. Die studie is uitgevoer deur spontane gespreks-kodewisseling, wat tydens veelvuldige speelsessies voortgebring is, te evalueer. Drie agt-jarige Afrikaans-Engelse seuns wat van die Paarl, in die Wes-Kaap, afkomstig is en verskillende taalagtergronde het, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Klank- en video-opnames is van die ongestruktureerde speelsessies gemaak en getranskribeer. Al drie seuns het aan een drietallige speelsessie asook twee tweetallige speelsessies deelgeneem. Die tesis onderskei tussen die fenomeen van kodewisseling en ander verwante sosiolingu stiese fenomene soos leenwoorde en taalkundige inmenging om klaarheid gedurende die klassifisering van die verskillende tipes kodewisseling te verskaf. Die identifisering van die matrikstaal van die korpus is deur middel van ’n kwantitatiewe analise volgens die asimmetriese beginsel geïdentifiseer. Die grammatikale eienskappe van die kinders se kodewisseling word kwalitatief deur middel van Myers-Scotton se Matrikstaal Raam en 4-M modelle ge valueer. Die sosio-pragmatiese eienskappe van die kinders se gebruik van intersententiële kodewisseling word kwalitatief ge valueer deur middel van gespreksanalise, waar die afwisseling van gespreksbeurte, die opeenvolging van aangrensende pare asook die onderhandeling van magsverhoudings tussen deelnemers beklemtoon word. Die studie beoog enersyds om by te dra tot 'n beter begrip van kinders se oppervlakkige taalproduksie in terme van kodewisseling en andersyds om beter insig te verkry in hoe kodewisseling op ’n dieper taalprosesserings- en taalkompetensie vlak plaasvind. Die algemene rede(s) vir die voorkoms van verskillende tipes kodewisseling, asook die ondersoek na watter grammatikale of sosio-pragmatiese moeilikhede verantwoordelik mag wees vir die tipes kodewisseling wat voorkom by kinders, word beklemtoon. Daar word ook in ag geneem of die konteks en weggesteekte betekenis van ’n uiting ’n invloed het op hoe en waarom asook waar kodewisseling sal plaasvind. Die studie toon dat, in terme van die karakterisering van verskillende tipes kodewisseling wat in die data voorkom, alle gesprekssessies bewyse van ekstrasentensiële, intrasentensiële en intersentensiële kodewisseling bevat. ’n Voorkeur vir intrasentensiële enkelwoordkodewisselingsvorms is opgemerk, asook ’n voorkeur vir intersentensiële kodewisseling wat plaasvind as gevolg van die onderhandeling tussen konteks, tema en onderwerp. Sulke onderhandeling is primêr gegrond op kombinasies en opeenvolging wat voorkom deur middel van praat, self-gerigte praat, interaksie, gespreksvoering, vertelling en rolspel. Alhoewel alle tipes kodewisseling in die data voorkom in beide Afrikaanse en Engelse vorms, is Afrikaans as die matrikstaal vir die korpus asook die meerderheid van die gesprekssessies ge dentifiseer. Die oneweredige voorkoms van verskillende morfeemtipes dien as ondersteuning vir die twee-sisteem hipotese wat aanvoer dat Afrikaans en Engels as twee aparte sisteme in ’n kind se brein voorkom en dat taalprosessering geskied deur middel van die toekenning van verskillende morfeme van beide tale op die leksikale en formuleringsvlakke van taalproduksie.

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Hoff, Mark Randall. „Settledness and Mood Alternation: A Semantic-Pragmatic Analysis of Spanish Future-Framed Adverbials“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555349686252856.

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7

Fairhurst, Melanie. „The pragmatic markers anyway, okay and shame : a comparative study of two African varieties of English“. Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85844.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to determine and compare the functions of the pragmatic markers (PMs) okay, anyway and shame as they occur in two spoken components of the International Corpus of English (ICE), namely ICE-SA (South African English) and ICE-EA (East African English). Using the commercially available Concordance program WordSmith Tools 4.0, all instances of okay, anyway and shame were identified in each corpus and all non-PM instances were then excluded. The remaining instances of okay, anyway and shame were subsequently hand coded to determine the primary functions that these elements exhibit. The classification of the various functions was done according to Fraser’s (1996, 1999, 2006) framework for identification of PMs. Despite the different size and state of completion of the two corpora, it was found that the functions of the two PMs okay and anyway were similar in South African English and East African English. The findings of the corpus investigation included identifying the functions of okay as both a conversational management marker and a basic marker, as well as its role in turn taking. Anyway was found to function as an interjection, a mitigation marker, a conversational management marker and a discourse marker. Shame was found to be a uniquely South African English PM, and to function both as an interjection and as a solidarity marker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel watter funksies verrig word deur die pragmatiese merkers (PM's) okay, anyway en shame, soos wat hulle gebruik word in twee gesproke komponente van die Internasionale Korpus van Engels (IKE), naamlik IKE-SA (Suid-Afrikaanse Engels) en IKE-OA (Oos-Afrika Engels). Met behulp van die kommersieel-beskikbare Concordance-program Wordsmith Tools 4.0, is alle gevalle van okay, anyway en shame binne die onderskeie korpusse geïdentifiseer, waarna alle nie-PM gevalle uitgesluit is. Die oorblywende gevalle van okay, anyway en shame is daarna met die hand gekodeer ten einde die primêre funksies van hierdie elemente vas te stel. Die funksies is geklassifiseer volgens Fraser (1996, 1999, 2006) se raamwerk vir die identifikasie van PM's. Ten spyte van verskille in die grootte en vlak van voltooidheid van die twee korpora, is vasgestel dat die PM's okay en anyway soortgelyke funksies verrig in beide Suid-Afrikaanse Engels en Oos-Afrika Engels. Uit die korpus-analise het dit verder geblyk dat okay nie net 'n rol speel in beurtneming nie, maar ook funksioneer as 'n gespreksbestuur-merker en basiese merker. Anyway blyk op sy beurt te funksioneeer as 'n tussenwerpsel, versagting-merker, gespreksbestuurmerker en diskoersmerker. Laastens is gevind dat shame as PM uniek is aan Suid- Afrikaanse Engels en dat dit funksioneer as beide 'n tussenwerpsel en solidariteitsmerker.

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Lin, Huey Hannah. „Contextualizing linguistic politeness in Chinese a socio-pragmatic approach with examples from persuasive sales talk in Taiwan Mandarin /“. Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1109961198.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 192 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-192). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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9

Dykstra, Lisa Kristine. „On pragmatic perception do learners of Russian perceive the sociocultural weight of the address pronouns? /“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/66.

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Prieto, Victor Moisés. „Spanish evaluative morphology pragmatic, sociolinguistic, and semantic issues /“. [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010940.

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11

Plaza, Cajsa. „The environments differ, and therefore, the language differs. : A case study of how pragmatic competence in English is taught in a Swedish secondary and upper secondary school“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-99946.

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Pragmatic competence has become an essential component of L2 (second language) proficiency. The purpose of this case study is to investigate how pragmatic competence in English is taught in a public Swedish secondary and upper secondary school. The aim with this study is to reach an in-depth understanding of how the teachers in this specific school view, value and teach pragmatic competence. The study has a qualitative approach and was conducted through semi-structured interviews with two teachers. In addition to the interviews, an analysis of the pedagogic material used in the classroom was made. The most significant findings of the study show that pragmatic competence and cultural knowledge are teachable and are indeed being taught in the studied school. Different types of oral activities are the mostly used pedagogical practices to teach different aspects of pragmatic competence. The aspects of pragmatic competence that are in focus, in both secondary and upper secondary school, are formal and informal language, adaptation of the language and politeness.

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Lundqvist, Isa. „"Pero tenemos diez dedos" : El albur mexicano visto desde un enfoque de género“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184561.

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El albur es un fenómeno lingüístico y duelo verbal de doble sentido sexual altamente asociado con la identidad y el lenguaje mexicano. El objetivo de esta tesina es explorar el albur y su relación con género, desde su concepción prehispánica hasta la actualidad, para averiguar el posible rol que pueda tener en este juego una persona de identidad de género no masculina. Al efecto, se revisa literatura sobre el albur tales como Johansson (2006), Lavertue (1998), Martínez García & Erdösová (2020) y Durán González (2012), además de trabajos sobre la identidad mexicana como (Paz ([1950]1996), Szasz (1998), Lagarde ([1990]2005) y Domínguez Ruvalcaba (2013), entre otros. Se hace un análisis pragmático y sociolingüístico del albur con ayuda de teorías lingüísticas relacionadas con el humor, factores sociolingüísticos y el habla femenina, más notables la Teoría General del Humor Verbal propuesta por Attardo & Raskin (1991), la variedad sociolingüística de Silva-Corvalán & Enrique-Arias (2017), el trabajo de Diaz-Campos (2014) sobre lengua, edad, género y nivel socioeconómico, además de los hallazgos de Alvarado Ortega (2016) con respecto a la descortesía y humor fallido en conversaciones entre hombres y mujeres. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados y el análisis de un estudio cuantitativo nuevo, investigando cómo la juventud mexicana universitaria percibe la relación entre el albur y género al presente. Se encuentra que casi todas/os informantes se consideran capaz de entender el albur y que personas de todos géneros emplean el albur. El grado de entendimiento y empleo se percibe como un poco más bajo en las mujeres/personas de identidad de género no masculino, lo que se puede explicar por una falta de tradición y el valor negativo sociolingüístico del albur. En comparación con el hombre alburero, otra persona alburera se ve como un elemento más extraño; con respecto a las actitudes positivas y negativas, no se puede distinguir una divergencia fuerte. Se concluye que, actualmente, el albur no se debe considerar como un fenómeno necesariamente propio de los hombres, y que la inclusión de personas de otras identidades de género puede desarrollar, enriquecer y añadir valor humorístico a la tradición.
Albur is a linguistic practice largely restricted to Mexican identity and language use, constituting verbal duels of sexual double entendres. The current thesis seeks to explore how albur relates to gender, ranging from its prehispanic conception to the present day, focusing on the nature and possibility of involvement of non-male participants. To that end, literature on albur is revised, such as Johansson (2006), Lavertue (1998), Martínez García & Erdösová (2020) and Durán González (2012), as well as works exploring Mexican identity, including Paz ([1950]1996), Szasz (1998), Lagarde ([1990]2005) and Domínguez Ruvalcaba (2013). A pragmatic and sociolinguistic analysis of the practice is made on the foundations of linguistic theories regarding humor, sociolinguistic factors and feminine language use, including but not limited to; The General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) developed by Attardo & Raskin (1991); sociolinguistic variety by Silva-Corvalán & Enrique-Arias (2017); the work of Diaz-Campos (2014) in regard to language, age, gender and socioeconomic status; and the finds of Alvarado Ortega concerning impoliteness and failed humor in conversations between men and women. Finally, the thesis also presents the results and analysis of a new quantitative study focused on how young Mexican university students view albur and gender relations in the present day. Almost all participants self-report understanding the discourse of albur, and people of all gender identities report practicing it. The degree of understanding and use is slightly lower in women/people of non-male gender identities, which can be explained by a lack of tradition and the negative sociolinguistic value of albur. Compared to male participants, other participants are to a greater extent viewed as a strange element; regarding positive and negative attitudes there is no strong difference towards the two. It is concluded that, today, albur should not be considered a phenomenon restricted to men, and that the inclusion of non-male participants can develop, enrich, and add humoristic value to the tradition.

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McCourt, Claire A. „Learner use of French second-person pronouns in synchronous electronic communication“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9753/.

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This study analyzes students' use of the French second-person pronouns tu (T) and vous (V) in small-group (2-3 students) inter-learner online chat sessions. The influence of internal linguistic factors (i.e., turn type and morphosyntactic environment) on learners' appropriate vs. inappropriate use of these pronouns is considered. The study also investigates the influence of Instructional Level on tu-vous use and the extent to which students from different instructional levels provide various types of peer assistance (e.g., lexical, morphosyntactic, and sociolinguistic/pragmatic) . Pronoun use was extremely unstable for learners of all levels, and a Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed that Instructional Level did not significantly affect appropriate T/V use overall. Instructional Level and Syntax did, however, significantly affect interrogative T/V use, as shown through multivariate analyses. Peer-assisted performance was limited to lexical retrieval. Pedagogical recommendations are presented for teaching and learning second-person pronouns in French.

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Matuka, Yeno Mansoni. „The pragmatics of palavering in Kikoongo“. Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/776693.

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Studies in African languages beyond the common core of linguistics are lacking. This motivates this dissertation which investigates the use of Kikoongo, a Bantu language, focusing on natural data produced by the Maniaanga of BesiNgombe region, Bas-Zaire, Zaire. The data are referred to as palavers. These consist of three complex speech events namely, wedding, bereavement and reconciliation viewed as instances of `conflict' management. Each of them is taken not only as a speech event but also as a highly structured sociocultural unit with linguistic implications.The study of palavering as a speech behavior aimed at resolving disputes (Frake 1979) contributes to Pragmatics as defined by Levinson (1983) and Leech (1983). This study provides a body of information that supports the new discipline as an adequate means for demonstrating that any language is an entity that is divisible into units of a higher order than sentences and/or utterances. The fundamental approach adopted to analyze this unit is that of ethnographyof `speaking' (Hymes 1972) and discourse or text analysis, especially, conversation analysis (CA). This approach is descriptively adequate for this study because palavering is basically an extended verbal exchange between two representatives (spokesmen) of two parties who may allow duetting (Falk 1979) and audience involvement or response elicitation whenever appropriate. Speaking publicly, the main participants generate most of the speech intended to achieve their goals as geared toward dispute resolution. The involved speakers operate systematically, following an elaborate code of conduct.This study demonstrates that the pragmatic competence required for palavering consists of paralinguistic and linguistic behaviors which make a palaver an essential institutionalized instrument of survival in Koongo society. In the end of such an event the speakers project a structurally and functionally coherent macro-unit. This appears through the use of metalinguistic terms that also demonstrate that their activity consists in an attempt to find a compromise according to established norms. The participants perform their speech acts within the confines of a mind-unifying event.
Department of English

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Esquivel, Sánchez María Denis. „‘Yo puedo bien español’ : Influencia sueca y variedades hispanas en la actitud lingüística e identificación de los hispanoamericanos en Suecia“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-586.

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The aim of this research has been to describe and analyse Swedish linguistic and cultural influence, on identification, and idiomatic awareness as well as on the Spanish used by Hispanic Americans who have lived more than 12 years in Sweden.

The analysis has been carried out within the field of sociolinguistics, specifically in the area of language contact, drawing on methodological aspects of ethno linguistics, sociology of language and cognitive linguistics. The research was divided into two phases. In the first phase, we describe and analyse Corpus 1, consisting of 20 interviews of first generation Hispanic Americans political refugees. In the second phase, we describe, compare and analyse Corpus 2, which consists of 105 questionnaires distributed to first and second generation Hispanic Americans in Sweden.

The results have shown that in Sweden Hispanic Americans have gradually generated a variety of Spanish which clearly shows features of Swedish culture and language and with an aspect of standardisation due to the fact that in the intercommunication between language speakers of varieties of Spanish certain variations have slowly been eliminated over the course of time. The sociolinguistic situation of the informants has been observed as well as the nature of the immigration and identification and idiomatic awareness in relation to their integration or lack of integration into Swedish society. The use of 38 words with a high level of synonymy was also investigated in order to establish standardisation of these representative words among the varieties of Spanish, spoken in Sweden. Furthermore we have investigated clichés, lexical, semantic-pragmatic and syntactic loans from Swedish as well as Swedish cultural influence on use tense among the informants.

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Whiting, Miriam. „Globalism vs. nationalism: The pragmatics of business naming in Tomsk, Russia“. The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228718917.

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Maas, Steven M. „Welshness politicized, Welshness submerged| The politics of 'politics' and the pragmatics of language community in north-west Wales“. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633385.

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This dissertation investigates the normative construction of a politics of language and community in north-west Wales (United Kingdom). It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted primarily between January 2007 and April 2008, with central participant-observation settings in primary-level state schools and in the teaching-spaces and hallways of a university. Its primary finding is an account of the gap between the national visibility and the cultural (in)visibility communities of speakers of the indigenous language of Wales (Cymraeg, or “Welsh”). With one exception, no public discourse has yet emerged in Wales that provides an explicit framework or vocabulary for describing the cultural community that is anchored in Cymraeg. One has to live those meanings even to know about them. The range of social categories for living those meanings tends to be constructed in ordinary conversations as some form of nationalism, whether political, cultural, or language nationalism. Further, the negatively valenced category of nationalism current in English-speaking Britain is in tension with the positively valenced category of nationalism current among many who move within Cymraeg-speaking communities. Thus, the very politics of identity are themselves political since the line between what is political and what is not, is itself subject to controversy. The result is what I call the “submergence” of Cymraeg-oriented cultural communities: People who would say Cymraeg is an essential part of their personality and communities mark out cultural space for their sense of continuity (to the past, to others) in ways that do not require or enable them to make any substantive cultural claims.

Within these settings of a modalized Welsh culture—always only partially expressed— indigeneity and ethnic difference are symbolized by the emblematic and lived importance of Cymraeg, while the significance of Cymraeg tends to be implicitly conveyed by means of overt references to “Welshness”.

This cultural submergence of the resources for Cymraeg-centered identity seems motivated and sustained by the fact that it produces a haven from holiday-goers and English patriots who do not value Welsh cultural features as highly as do those who take pride in the Cymraeg-centered cultural community. In light of these features of local life, I suggest several terms of art—including “language demesne” and “language corridor”—because they are more fitting of local politics than is the idea of a (global) language community.

This dissertation also contributes a theoretical basis for examining the pragmatics of language communities, which requires differentiating phenomenal-level semiotic analyses from investigations of the dynamics of cultural discourse. The “obvious” empirical situation in Wales—as analyzed using a Peircean-phenomenological semiotics—runs contrary to the relatively opaque and counter-empirical cultural dynamics in Wales. As a result, this account of the tensions between semiotic descriptions and cultural dynamics signals a wrinkle in received theories of metapragmatics. Conventionally, metapragmatics makes sense of the text–discourse relation, but not the relations between discourse and consciousness because theories of metapragmatics apply only to the former. Unless the relationship of text-and-discourse to consciousness is explicated at the epistemological level of analysis, ethnographic descriptions of locales within language communities—particularly those rife with language politics—can take on the appearance of an ontology of human kinds. Given this condition, any broad account of the cultural dynamics of language and community must take an analytic position regarding the relationship between the surface-level of semiotics and the historical and cultural processes of community constitution.

My approach engages directly with the neglected conflict between the strategy of primordialist essentialism and that of constructivism. The analytic strategy and theoretical perspective of this dissertation avoids the scholarly tendency to treat certain local conceptions as misconstruals of sociocultural life. Instead, they are treated as locally valid and proper constitutings of divisible community. Academics would be no less inclined to reject analogous conceptual entailments in their cultural worlds despite their commitment to the view that sociocultural realities are constructed. The position adopted here underwrites an account that denaturalizes without denaturing the essentializing claims (e.g., of language activists) in north-west Wales.

In engaging with current analytic strategies in linguistic anthropology, my “inferentialist” and pragmatistic strategy frames the politicizing of language and community in north-west Wales using an alternative to linguistic indexes or icons, which are grounded in an empirical sense of necessity. The framework adopted here envisions an empirical field organized not only by necessary principles of Welsh belonging that are practiced or not, but by tensions among many different “modal” types of constraints—normative principles that are inferable from community-specific ways of enacting belonging to a particular sociocultural imaginary that owes its coherence to language affinity. Consequently, this dissertation treats languages themselves as inhabitable and provides a theoretical justification for doing so.

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Wilson, Hope Marshall. „Teaching Language and Culture Through Online Ethnographic Explorations“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1573901116368513.

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19

Bachelor, Jeremy W. „Intrinsic connection between pragmatics and grammar“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117537.

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Previous studies suggest that grammar is a prerequisite to Language 2 or second/foreign language (L2) pragmatic acquisition, although high grammatical competence does not guarantee high pragmatic competence. This study more extensively examines the correlation between these two competencies. In the year 2013 at a North American university, 29 Spanish students at the intermediate-high level took a grammar test and a pragmatic test. The pragmatic test assessed requests, invitations, refusals, and apologies in Spanish. In comparing the two, the results suggest a positive relationship between pragmatic and grammatical competencies. Therefore, this research supports previous studies showing that the grammatical competence of students of foreign languages is necessary for the development of pragmatic competence; however, it is not sufficient for it in and of itself.
Estudios sugieren que la gramática es un prerrequisito a la adquisición pragmática en la Lengua 2 o segunda lengua/lengua extranjera (L2), aunque una alta competencia gramatical no garantice una alta competencia pragmática. Este estudio examina extensamente la correlación entre estas dos competencias. En el año 2013, en una universidad norteamericana, 29 estudiantes de español de nivel intermedio-alto hicieron una prueba de gramática y una de pragmática. La segunda evaluó las solicitudes, las invitaciones, los rechazos y las disculpas en español. Al comparar las dos competencias, los resultados sugieren que existe una relación positiva entre la pragmática y la gramática. Por tanto, esta investigación apoya estudios previos que demuestran que la competencia gramatical de estudiantes de L2 es necesaria para el desarrollo de la competencia pragmática; sin embargo, noes suficiente para ella.
Muitos estudos sugerem que a gramática é um prérequisito para a aquisição da pragmática na Língua 2 ou segunda língua / língua estrangeira (L2), embora uma alta competência gramática não garante uma alta competência pragmática. Este estudo examina mais profundamente a correlação entre estas duas competências. Em 2013 em uma universidade americana, 29 estudantes espanhóis de nível medio-alto realizaram um teste gramatical e um teste de múltipla escolha sobre a pragmática. O teste de pragmática avaliou os usos comuns de solicitações, convites, recusas e desculpas em espanhol. Comparando os dois, os resultados sugerem uma relação positiva entre a capacidade de competência gramatical e pragmática. Portanto, esta pesquisa apoia estudos anteriores que mostram que a competência gramatical de estudantes de línguas estrangeiras é necessaria para o desenvolvimento da competência pragmática; no obstante, não é suficiente por si só.

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Walsh, Yuliya. „FORMS OF ADDRESS IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN NEWSPAPERS: Morphology, Gender and Pragmatics“. The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397785889.

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Wang, Xun. „The Change and the Development of the Chinese Euphemisms : A Study Based on a Survey of the Use of Euphemisms byRespondents of Different Age Groups“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kinesiska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27203.

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The Chinese euphemisms have aroused much interest of many researches due to its distinctive function and diversity. The choice and use of Chinese euphemisms are affected by many factors such as the Chinese traditional culture, social customs, people’s self-cultivation, the situation context and linguistic context of a conversation, etc. Hence, the progress of society, the development of technology and the renewing of the concept make up the dynamic characteristic of the Chinese euphemisms. However, most studies focus mainly on the vocabulary people use and their expressing habits and patterns, there are few studies focus on how Chinese euphemisms develop along with the times. Studies that shed light on how modern people use broad euphemisms and narrow euphemisms are even less. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to collect linguistic materials and design a questionnaire to make a survey on the current situation of using euphemisms by respondents of different age groups. The result of this survey shows that modern people are not only becoming less and less indirect in terms of the scope of using euphemisms, but also less and less tactful in terms of the vocabulary that they use. This phenomenon can be observed when people talk about topics such as death, disease, appearance, unemployment, marriage and privacy. Modern people tend to be relatively low decoratively worded. In other words, people are to some extent becoming less indirect and less tactful. This paper verifies the adaptability as well as the updating and upgrading of Chinese euphemisms. It also discusses the linguistic diversity of modern people in terms of using broad and narrow euphemisms under different contexts. This paper will not only help us to understand how Chinese language adapts to the change with the times, but also digs deeper into the great role that social culture plays in language development.
汉语委婉语的功能鲜明、灵活多变，引起了很多研究的兴趣。汉语委婉语的选择和使用受到中国的传统文化、社会风俗，人自身的修养内涵、情景和语境等多方面因素的影响，并伴随着社会的发展、科技的进步、观念的转变而处于一个动态的变化过程。然而，目前的研究对委婉语的词汇、表达方式及表达规律探讨的比较多，但是对汉语委婉语基于时代变化的研究则较少，特别是对于在现代社会的日常交谈中，人们具体如何使用狭义和广义委婉语，以及探讨他们在委婉语使用方面出现了哪些变化的研究则更少了。因此，本论文旨在搜集语言素材并设计问卷，对不同年龄段的人委婉语的使用现状做一个问卷调查。调查数据的结果表明，在现代社会的日常交谈中，不同年龄段的人使用汉语委婉语的范围不仅缩小了，并且委婉程度也有一定的降低。具体体现为在死、病、相貌、失业、婚姻、隐私等话题下，人们现在倾向于使用修饰性较低，或者说委婉程度较低的委婉语。本论文验证了委婉语的顺应性和更新替代性，并具体阐述了在现代社会的日常交谈中，不同年龄段的人在不同语境下对广义和狭义委婉语选择的多样性。因此，本论文不仅有助于理解汉语随时代变迁发展变化的趋势，也有助于更深入的理解社会文化在语言发展中发挥的巨大作用。

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Jaime, Jimenez Elena. „Variable use of plural address forms in Andalusian Spanish“. The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153124117847719.

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Saberi, Kourosh. „Routine Politeness Formulae in Persian: A Socio-Lexical Analysis of Greetings, Leave-taking, Apologizing, Thanking and Requesting“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7887.

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Speakers of Persian, like speakers of other languages, utilise Routine Politeness Formulae (RPF) to negotiate central interpersonal interactions. RPF in Persian have not received any systematic description as to their forms, their functions, their typical conditions of use and their discourse structure rules. Bridging this gap, for the first time, RPF from five frequently-used speech acts – namely, greeting, leave-taking, apologizing, thanking and requesting – are documented in this thesis. Data were derived from Persian soap operas and from role-plays with native speakers, and were entered into a database for further analysis. The analysis is qualitative and the data are conceived of as phraseological units to be represented as dictionary entries. The study of the aforementioned speech acts and their related array of RPF reveals the dynamics of interpersonal polite behaviour among Persians, reflecting the following socio-cultural values prevalent in Iranian society: (i) its group-oriented nature, (ii) a tendency towards positive (solidarity) politeness, (iii) sensitivity to remaining in people’s debt, (iv) sensitivity to giving trouble to others, (v) a high premium on reciprocity in interpersonal communications, (vi) the importance of seniority in terms of age and social status, and (vii) differentiation between members of the ‘inner circle’ and the ‘outer circle’. This thesis also reveals the dominance of the strategy of self-lowering and other-elevating. Almost all RPF in Persian allow for the use of this pervasive strategy, which is also manifested by two further sub-strategies: (i) a propensity to exaggerate favours received from others, and (ii) giving precedence to others over oneself. Finally, it is suggested that Islamic teachings have significantly influenced the formation and use of certain RPF. The dictionary resulting from this work can serve as a resource for researchers in sociolinguistics and pragmatics, and for the teaching of Persian to non-Persian speakers.

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Shaeffer, Alexandra Courtney. „Complaints in L2 French: perception and production across social contexts“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6500.

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Complaining happens in all cultures, and offers a unique insight into the values, taboos, and communicative practices of a given society. The ways in which complaining is viewed and performed vary drastically not only cross-culturally, but across smaller communal groups and between individuals, too. This dissertation approaches complaining from a multilateral perspective to investigate how individuals in three different language groups – monolingual French speakers, monolingual English speakers, and native English speakers enrolled in upper-division university French courses – perceive and produce complaints as well as the influential role played by social context. In the perception study, the researcher explores how individuals within the examined language groups identify the presence of complaints and perceive their naturalness when presented with contextualized scenarios involving native speakers. In the production study, the researcher examines both the frequency with which individuals complain and the strategies they employ to perform a complaint in various social situations. Additionally, within the production study the researcher examines the frequency with which participants opt out from complaining and their provided rationale for doing so. This dissertation not only identifies a variety of universal linguistic and sociocultural features of complaints, it also uncovers several aspects distinctive to the individual language groups. At the core of this dissertation is the argument that to best understand complaint behavior, researchers should acknowledge the essential influence of social context on both the perception and production of complaints. Above all, future research must consider the complex and dynamic interplay that exists between cross-cultural complaint behaviors and social norms of politeness.

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Lindblad, Inga-Britt. „Lokalradiospråk : en studie av tre lokalradiostationers sändningar“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82892.

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This dissertation presents studies of a socially highly relevant text category, local radio broadcasts. The language of news programmes in particular from three local radio stations - Radio Gotland, Radio Västerbotten and Radio Östergötland - has been studied in the light of the intentions behind the introduction of local radio, and the ambitions expressed by the radio people involved. Different factors for analysis and description of local radio language are presented and used in an empirical study of broadcasts from the three stations. Both regional and national variations and differences are taken into consideration. Language and context are analyzed on separate levels: complete news texts, sentences and clauses, words and phonemes. The methods vary from a pragmatic text-typology analysis to a syntactic study based on modern spoken language research. Particular consideration is given to the aspect of local radio language that establishes contact with listeners - greetings, forms of address, and studio talk between items. A receiver-oriented perspective is used to interpret the results - the concept communicative distance, that is to say the distance between the listener and the medium that she/he feels there is on the basis of the language used in the programmes. A demonstrable pattern has been found in the relations between extra- and intra-linguistic factors and what in this study is termed the communicative distance. Compared with that of national radio, the commuicative distance of local radio language tends to be somewhat less. Of the three local radio stations Radio Gotland tends to have the least and Radio Västerbotten the greatest. The book concludes with three perspectives on further research.
digitalisering@umu

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Mansikka, Richard W. „TRACING TRAJECTORIES IN A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE THROUGH PODCASTS“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/582.

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The purpose of this project is to understand how humor works in expert-novice identity construction in podcasts. I employ a Community of Practice (Lave and Wenger, 1989) framework to examine the social hierarchy among the participants of a regular podcast. I am particularly concerned with uncovering how novice members construct themselves and are constructed by expert members through humor, as well as how expert members socialize novice members to participate in the kinds of humor practices that index membership in the Community of Practice (CoP). Rooster Teeth is an internet-based entertainment production company. They produce a weekly podcast which they make available for free on the internet. The podcast participants represent a small CoP with expert/novice differentiation. Combining a corpus linguistic approach with an ethnographic approach, I collected, transcribed, and studied several podcasts that were recorded over a two-year period, beginning with the first few podcasts where founding members established the practices and their roles as experts. Then, I examine the performances of three novices over time. Two of them follow a periphery to core trajectory and become regular members of the podcast while one remained on the periphery. I discovered that teasing and modeling are the primary tools that the experts use to socialize novices and that within Rooster Teeth, novices have the power to negotiate practice from the periphery of the community. This study demonstrates the power that novices may wield within CoPs, and reveals how powerful a socializing tool humor can be.

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Sbardolini, Giorgio. „Conventions and Change in Semantics“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555334547254546.

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Matsumura, Shoichi. „A study of the second-language socialization of university-level students : a developmental pragmatics perspective“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/NQ56585.pdf.

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Rylander, John William. „EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION OF SPEECH ACTS AS ACTION SEQUENCE EVENTS: A VIDEO-BASED METHOD“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/474057.

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Applied Linguistics
Ph.D.
This research involves three separate studies with the goal of investigating learner increases in the pragmatic awareness when exposed to various degrees of sustained, explicit instruction. Operationalized as a composite construct in the theory of communicative competence, pragmatic awareness includes knowledge of pragmalinguistic forms and sociopragmatic features, with sequential action events representing the former and relationship status categories the latter. Research questions for each study focus on gains learners revealed on a video-based pragmatic awareness assessment instrument delivered in pretest-posttest format. Data collection occurred from fall semester 2013 to spring semester 2015 in one single-sex junior/senior high school and two co-educational universities, one with a first-year focus group and the other with a second-year group, with participates across the contexts enrolled in 1 of 12 intact classes ranging in size from 23 to 33. At each site, data collection included response behaviors for comparison counterfactual groups. Data for the primary analyses of each study were subjected to a one-way ANCOVA. Results revealed a significant difference between the treatment group performances compared to a counterfactual group from each institution: Study 1, F(1,152) = 5.86, p = 0.02; Study 2, F(34, 115.28) = 5.71, p = 0.02; and Study 3, F(3, 77.30) = 8.04, p < 0.00. Relationship strength between the factor levels and the dependent variable, as measured in partial eta squared, accounted for 4%, 14%, and 16% of the variance, respectively. In Study 3 a Bayesian confirmatory analysis revealed that the least explicit treatment, one involving only a focus on pragmalinguistic input, showed the greatest gains. Implications for the three studies are: (a) pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic categories reveal difficulty hierarchies, with particular sequential action events and relationship status categories consistently more challenging than others; (b) learners display differential awareness of pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic sub-constructs, with the former registered as more difficult; and (c) explicit instruction on a limited number of pragmalinguistic categories might result in spillover learning effects to other, untaught categories.
Temple University--Theses

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Pennington, James J. „The Synchrony and Diachrony of Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian Adjectival Long-form Allomorphy (ALFA)“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1293639004.

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31

Al-Amide, Mustafa. „Digital Games and the Development of Communicative Competence“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30840.

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The purpose of this paper was to review research within the field of digital games and language learning to explore whether gaming can facilitate communicative competence and foster motivation for language learning. To answer my questions I conducted a research synthesis, compiling a variety of research over the last decade to answer my questions as effectively as possible. Results showed that digital games do in fact facilitate language development and induce motivation. Research also showed that different games provide different opportunities and activities, resulting in some games fostering language competence more than others. For instance, World of Warcraft provided social situations where conversations were erratic, spontaneous, contextual and driven by small events in the game, while The Sims focused more on strategic and creative activities. Additionally, research suggested that digital games motivated learners to develop their L2 language in hope of achieving more goals together within a variety games and game types.

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Quintana, Francisco Alcidez Candia. „Um estudo sobre o pronome Vos na fala de professores universitários paraguaios em situação de sala de aula“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13877.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco A C Quintana.pdf: 2124100 bytes, checksum: f85404911510c4798824cb1b1fc1c80b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-04
This investigation is a study of the personal pronouns TÚ, VOS y USTED in Paraguayan Spanish and aims to verify the reach of the VOS pronoun, a variant of the second person of the singular used in Paraguayan Spanish, instead of TÚ, an informal personal pronoun, and USTED, a formal personal pronoun, both registered in Spanish normative grammar. The work is based in the speech of nine Paraguayan subjects, university professors, four of them male and five female, with age from 29 to 51 years, all doctors, masters or specialists in different areas. Data was colleted from audio recordings of classes given by the teachers, a situation taken as formal. The option for subjects having graduate degrees and members of high middle-class obeyed to a sociolinguistic rule according to which changes in language take more time to arrive at social classes with a greater spending power and more formal schooling, as well as to more aged people and men. The speech of subjects with this profile comes to be monitored by normative grammar, which also determines more conservative linguistic uses. In addition, these uses have a greater probability of happening in formal situations. Thus, the work is inserted in two linguistics trends: (1) Sociolinguistics, that is to say, the study of the spoken, observed language, deciphered and analyzed within a social context, and (2) Pragmatics, that is to say, the study of language in relation to who one speaks with, who one speaks to and where one speaks. With this aim in view, two types of analysis were done: a quantitative one, checking the instances of the three pronouns in the corpus recordings, and a qualitative, which describes situations of use of those pronouns during the classes. The results showed that: in the first place, the use of VOS for the second person of the singular is heavily present in the speech of Paraguayan university professors in the classroom, followed by USTED, whereas TÚ has only two instances. Secondly, the qualitative analysis of statements or pieces of statements of the different teachers, about different topics and different class situations, pointed to a polarity between not only situations of formality and informality in the personal relationships between teachers and students, but also in direct speech, when the teacher brought to light fake situations of relationship between hierarchically different people as regards function in social terms. Also the degree of face exposing of one of the teachers showed the passage from the registry of VOS to the one of USTED
Esta pesquisa refere-se ao estudo dos pronomes de tratamento TÚ, VOS e USTED no espanhol paraguaio e tem como objetivo verificar a abrangência do pronome VOS, variante da segunda pessoa do singular usada no espanhol paraguaio, em detrimento do pronome TÚ, pronome de tratamento informal, e do USTED, de tratamento formal, ambos da gramática normativa da língua espanhola. O trabalho tem como base a fala de nove sujeitos paraguaios, professores universitários, sendo que quatro são do sexo masculino e cinco, do feminino, na faixa etária entre 29 e 51 anos, divididos entre doutores, mestres e especialistas, de diferentes áreas de formação. O corpus foi montado a partir de gravações em áudio das aulas proferidas pelos professores, considerada situação de formalidade. A escolha de sujeitos de alta escolaridade e de classe media alta obedeceu a um preceito sociolingüístico de que mudanças na língua levam mais tempo para atingir as classes sociais de maior poder aquisitivo e escolaridade, assim como, faixas etárias mais avançadas e homens. No que se refere aos sujeitos de alta escolaridade, uma vez que suas falas passam a ser monitoradas pela gramática normativa, esta, por sua vez, passa a determinar os usos lingüísticos mais cristalizados. Além disso, tais usos têm maior probabilidade de ocorrer em situações de formalidade. Dessa forma, o trabalho insere-se dentro de duas vertentes da Lingüística: (1) a Sociolingüística, isto é, o estudo da língua falada, observada, descrita e analisada dentro de um contexto social, e (2) a Pragmática, isto é, o estudo da língua relacionado com quem a fala, para quem fala e onde o faz. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises de dois tipos: quantitativa, com o levantamento da freqüência de ocorrência dos três pronomes nas gravações do corpus, e, qualitativa, descrevendo situações do uso de tais pronomes, durante as aulas. Os resultados mostraram que: em primeiro lugar, o uso do pronome de tratamento VOS, para a segunda pessoa do singular, é observado com grande expressividade na fala dos professores universitários paraguaios em situação de aula, seguido por USTED, e tendo sido encontradas apenas duas ocorrências do pronome TÚ. Em segundo lugar, a análise qualitativa de enunciados ou trechos de enunciados dos diversos professores, a partir dos diferentes tópicos e situações de aula, apontou para uma polaridade entre, não somente, situações formalidade e informalidade, no trato entre professores e alunos, mas também no discurso direto, quando o professor encenava situações entre pessoas de função hierarquicamente diferentes em termos sociais. Também o grau de exposição da face de um dos professores mostrou a passagem de um registro de VOS para USTED

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Robinson, Melissa Aubrey. „A Man Needs a Female like a Fish Needs a Lobotomy: The Role of Adjectival Nominalization in Pejorative Meaning“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157617/.

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This thesis documents the grammatical processes and semantic impact of innovative ways to pejoratively reference individuals through adjectival nominalization. Research on nominalized adjectives suggests that when meanings shift from having one property (1) to becoming a kind with associated properties (2), the noun form often encodes stereotypical attributes: [1] "Her hair is blonde." (hair color); [2] "He married a blonde." (female, sexy, dumb). Likewise, the linguistic phenomenon of genericity refers to classes or kinds and different grammatical structures reflect properties in different ways. In 1 and 2 above, the shift from adjectival blonde to indefinite NP a blonde moves the focus from the definitional characteristic to the prototypical. Similarly, adjectival gay [3] is definitional, but the marked, nominal form [4] adds socially-based conceptions of the "average" gay (example from Twitter): [3] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay man? (sexuality) [constructed]; [4] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay? … (flamboyant, abnormal). To investigate innovative reference via nominalization, two corpus studies based in human judgment were conducted. In the first study, a subset of the corpus (N=121) was annotated for pejoration by five additional linguists following the same guidelines as the original annotator. In the second study, 800 instances were annotated by non-experts using crowd-sourcing. In both studies we find a correspondence between nominal status and pejorative meaning.

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Lewis, Myles. „"You're Not Like Other" Hate Speech“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1377781968.

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Deutschmann, Mats. „Apologising in British English“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43.

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The thesis explores the form, function and sociolinguistic distribution of explicit apologies in the spoken part of the British National Corpus. The sub-corpus used for the study comprises a spoken text mass of about five million words and represents dialogue produced by more than 1700 speakers, acting in a number of different conversational settings. More than 3000 examples of apologising are included in the analysis.

Primarily, the form and function of the apologies are examined in relation to the type of offence leading up to the speech act. Aspects such as the sincerity of the apologies and the use of additional remedial strategies other than explicit apologising are also considered. Variations in the distributions of the different types of apologies found are subsequently investigated for the two independent variables speaker social identity (gender, social class and age) and conversational setting (genre, formality and group size). The effect of the speaker-addressee relationship on the apology rate and the types of apologies produced is also examined.

In this study, the prototypical apology, a speech act used to remedy a real or perceived offence, is only one of a number of uses of the apology form in the corpus. Other common functions of the form include discourse-managing devices such as request cues for repetition and markers of hesitation, as well as disarming devices uttered before expressing disagreement and controversial opinions.

Among the speaker social variables investigated, age and social class are particularly important in affecting apologetic behaviour. Young and middle-class speakers favour the use of the apology form. No substantial gender differences in apologising are apparent in the corpus. I have also been able to show that large conversational groups result in frequent use of the form. Finally, analysis of the effects of the speaker-addressee relationship on the use of the speech act shows that, contrary to expectations based on Brown & Levinson’s theory of politeness, it is the powerful who tend to apologise to the powerless rather than vice versa.

The study implies that formulaic politeness is an important linguistic marker of social class and that its use often involves control of the addressee.

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Anfosso, Milena. „Problèmes linguistiques du rapport entre Grec(s) et Phrygien(s)“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL057.

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Le phrygien est la langue la plus proche du grec parmi toutes les autres langues indo-européennes. Les isoglosses confirment que ces deux langues ont partagé une phase commune sur les Balkans, avant que les populations phrygiennes ne commencent à migrer vers l’Anatolie autour du XIIe siècle av. J.-C. En dépit de leur parenté génétique, ces deux peuples ont connu des développements historiques différents, ce qui a conduit les Grecs à identifier les Phrygiens comme l’incarnation du stéréotype de l’esclave barbare au Ve siècle av. J.-C. La complexe relation entre Grecs et Phrygiens n’a jamais été étudiée d’un point de vue sociolinguistique. Le but de cette étude est de combler cette lacune. Mon exploration sémantique de l’ethnonyme « Phrygiens », ainsi que mes analyses sociolinguistiques et pragmatiques des passages littéraires grecs et épigraphiques phrygiens permettent une compréhension plus nuancée de la perception réciproque des identités grecque et phrygienne. Au delà de tous les stéréotypes des Phrygiens barbares et esclaves, produits de la vision traditionnelle hellénocentrique qui se dégage des textes grecs, le « renaissance » de la langue phrygienne dans les inscriptions néo-phrygiennes me semble une preuve de la survie de l’identité linguistique et culturelle phrygienne à travers les siècles en Anatolie. La langue est un aspect clé dans la construction de l’identité ethnique et un moyen de résistance dans le cadre d’une culture ou d’un groupe social dominant. J’interprète cette résistance linguistique du phrygien comme une forte revendication identitaire de la part d’un groupe ethnique marginalisé dans le monde hellénisé issu des conquêtes d’Alexandre le Grand
Scholarship has uncovered several isoglosses which show that Ancient Greek and Phrygian are genetically connected,having shared a common prehistory on the Balkans, before the Phrygian populations started migrating to Anatolia around the 12th century BCE. Despite this linguistic kinship, Greeks and Phrygians underwent different historical developments, which eventually led the Greeks to progressively identify the Phrygians as the incarnation of the stereotype of barbarian slaves in the 5th century BCE, even if, paradoxically, their idiom was the closest one to Greek among all the other Indo-European languages. The complex relationship between Greeks and Phrygians has never been studied from a sociolinguistic point of view, although it seems to me a productive field of investigation. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. My semantic exploration of the ethnonym ‘Phrygians’ as well as my sociolinguistic and pragmatic analyses of significant literary and epigraphic passages has produced a more nuanced understanding of the reciprocal perception of Greek and Phrygian identities, indirectly from the Phrygian inscriptions, directly from the Greek literary texts. Beyond all the stereotypes of the Phrygians as barbarians and slaves, products of the Hellenocentric traditional view that emerges from the literary Greek texts, the “revival” of Phrygian language in the Neo-Phrygian inscriptions in the Roman Era seems to me to be evidence of the survival of linguistic and cultural Phrygian identity through the centuries in Anatolia. This can be interpreted as a striking manifestation of preservation of diversity in the Hellenized world that emerged from Alexander’s conquest

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Perides, André Luiz Lopes. „Estudo comparativo das traduções sobre as expressões de tratamento da língua japonesa sob a ótica da teoria dos polissistemas nos mangás Love Hina, Yu Yu Hakusho e Chobits“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8157/tde-03122018-123321/.

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As histórias em quadrinhos japonesas, conhecidas como mangás, vêm se popularizando muito fora do Japão nas últimas décadas. Partindo de uma abordagem que, nos estudos da tradução, considera a relevância de também se estudar os contextos e fatores externos ao texto, analisamos em nossa pesquisa a tradução para expressões de tratamento japonesas presentes nos mangás Love Hina, Yu Yu Hakusho e Chobits, publicados no Brasil no início dos anos 2000, quando o mercado de histórias quadrinhos japonesas ainda estava se estabelecendo no país, e que, uma década depois, foram reeditados pela mesma editora, mas com a tradução revisada. Questionamos se a experiência acumulada com a prática regular envolvendo a publicação de mangás, a consolidação de uma cultura do mangá no Brasil e consequente formação de um público leitor mais acostumado com características e especificidades do gênero trazem reflexos que são perceptíveis na tradução, veríficáveis por meio das estratégias de tradução empregadas.
Japanese comics, known as manga, have become very popular outside Japan in the last few decades. Based on an approach that in the translation studies considers the relevance of also studying the contexts and factors external to the text, we analyzed in our research the translation for japanese treatment expressions present in Love Hina, Yu Yu Hakusho and Chobits, manga published in Brazil in the early 2000s, when the japanese comic book market was still settling in the country; a decade later these manga were reprinted by the same publisher, but with a revised translation. We question whether the regular practice involving the publication of manga, the consolidation of a manga culture in Brazil and the consequent formation of a readership more accustomed to characteristics and specificities of the genre brings reflexes that are perceptible in translations, verifiable by means of translation strategies employed.

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Wissner, Inka. „Les diatopismes du français en Vendée et leur utilisation dans la littérature : l'œuvre contemporaine d'Yves Viollier“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040111/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie l'utilisation discursive des régionalismes, ou diatopismes, du français en alliant les perspectives de la linguistique variationniste et de l'analyse du discours. L'étude fournit un développement conceptuel, terminologique et méthodologique détaillé en matière de diatopie et des contraintes qui pèsent sur l'usage de diatopismes dans le discours. Elle explicite en particulier la méthode d'analyse appliquée en termes différentiels, pour la description des diatopismes et l'interprétation des sources et des enquêtes de terrain menée par l'auteure, ainsi que pour l'analyse du discours. À partir de l'analyse des procédés discursifs qui présentent les diatopismes en autonymie (les mises en relief) et de leur distribution discursive, un nouveau paradigme sociopragmatique permet d'interpréter les caractéristiques pragmatiques et sociolinguistiques des diatopismes dans le discours. Le corps de l'analyse est présenté sous la forme d'articles dictionnairiques, complétant un modèle lexicographique différentiel de rubriques qui sont consacrées aux aspects discursifs et sociopragmatiques des diatopismes étudiés. L'analyse philologique porte sur tous les diatopismes qui sont mis en relief dans l'ensemble des vingt-six romans grand public du Vendéen Yves Viollier, publiés de 1972 à 2009, et qui appartiennent à la communauté sociolinguistique de ce dernier. L'étude montre que les mises en relief, tributaires de l'orientation réaliste des romans étudiés, sont relativement rares, et que la création de l'ethos du 'régional' passe dans ceux-ci par un choix original de diatopismes, et non par des clichés largement partagés
This doctoral dissertation studying the use of French regionalisms, or diatopicisms, in literature, is situated in the fields of variationist linguistics and of discourse analysis. The study offers a detailed description of the concepts and current terminology in the recent discipline of Francophone differential linguistics as well as in the related branches of French discourse analysis. It pays particular attention to the methods applied in the identification of diatopic elements and the interpretation of existing sources – completed by field studies conducted by the author – as well as for an appropriate discourse analysis of diatopicisms in literature. Developing a new sociopragmatic paradigm, the author analyses the strategies that present meta-linguistically highlighted diatopicisms and their textual distribution in order to interpret what these procedures say obliquely about the diatopicisms in terms of their pragmatic and sociolinguistic characteristics. The large corpus analysis is presented in the form of dictionary articles, based on a model developed in French differential lexicography, and enriched by sociopragmatic sections. The author analyses all highlighted diatopicisms in the twenty-six popular novels of Yves Viollier which belong to the latter's sociolinguistic community (Vendée). The study shows that the strategies highlighting diatopicisms in the analysed novels – published from 1972 to 2009, realist and partly regionalist – are relatively rare. The ethos of the novelist's home region is partly created by the use of diatopicisms – but this is achieved through original choices, rather than largely shared stereotypes

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Bestchastnova, Eugénie. „L’accent en français, phénomène pluridimensionnel“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2117.

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L’accent en français est un phénomène largement étudié, mais qui ne cesse de donner lieu à des hypothèses multiples, et dont la présence en français contemporain est même mise en question par de nombreux chercheurs. Ainsi subsiste-t-il dans ce domaine un important champ de travail scientifique, permettant d’élaborer et d’appliquer de nouvelles méthodes pour l'examen des données relevant de cette problématique avec l'objectif d’en tirer des conclusions novatrices. L'objectif est donc ici d'abord de bien délimiter le champ de travail, mais aussi en même temps d'étudier ce phénomène en corrélation ou en opposition avec l'ensemble de son contexte, c'est-à-dire ce qui est indissociable de l'accent aux niveaux aussi bien linguistique, physique, psychologique, culturel, social, pragmatique et cognitif – ce choix faisant l'originalité de la présente recherche
This PhD thesis is dedicated to stress in French.At the onset of our research work, we made the hypothesis that stress in French had a multi-dimensional nature, and were tied in with psychological, social, cultural, physiological, pragmatic, cognitive and linguistic factors. This hypothesis was challenged and validated after studying the corpus which we had pieced together.The scientific aim of this work was to seek new approaches and methods, and use them in the study of stress in the French language with correlation to or in opposition with its context.40 individuals representative by their physiological, social, cultural, linguistic, and psychological features took 5 different tests, which brought to light their speech patterns in various discursive situations. As anticipated by the initial hypothesis, the following came out of the study:4. there is a correlation between an individual’s psychological profile and the stress;5. there is a correlation between an individual’s social and economic background and the stress;6. there is a correlation between an individual’s linguistic background and the stress.The new discovery which came out of our studies shows a correlation between the individual’s psychological profile and the substance of the stress that he produces. It opens up new scientific field which wasn’t exploited before now and enables us to define an individual’s psychological profile based on his/her employed stress nature, as well as to define a stress substance using the individual’s psychological profile.The results obtained as part of our scientific research open up new possibilities in linguistics, pragmatic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic

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Wright, Kelly E. „The Reflection and Reification of Racialized Language in Popular Media“. UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/18.

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This work highlights specific lexical items that have become racialized in specific contextual applications and tests how these words are cognitively processed. This work presents the results of a visual world (Huettig et al 2011) eye-tracking study designed to determine the perception and application of racialized (Coates 2011) adjectives. To objectively select the racialized adjectives used, I developed a corpus comprised of popular media sources, designed specifically to suit my research question. I collected publications from digital media sources such as Sports Illustrated, USA Today, and Fortune by scraping articles featuring specific search terms from their websites. This experiment seeks to aid in the demarcation of socially salient groups whose application of racialized adjectives to racialized images is near instantaneous, or at least less questioned. As we view growing social movements which revolve around the significant marks unconscious assumptions leave on American society, revealing how and where these lexical assignments arise and thrive allows us to interrogate the forces which build and reify such biases. Future research should attempt to address the harmful semiotics these lexical choices sustain.

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Le, Rong Rong. „The Pragmatic-Discursive Structure of Chinese Compliments in Naturally Occurring Conversation“. Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RJ621X.

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Studies across different languages over the past three decades have claimed that compliments are formulaic in nature, realized by only a few syntactic and semantic formulae. Much of the research employs elicitation or ethnographic field notes data, which biases the analysis to single utterance, explicit and formulaic compliments. However, my observations of Chinese compliments in naturally occurring conversation paint a different, much more sophisticated, picture. The current study investigates the realization of spontaneous Chinese complimenting behavior in the speech communities of Shanghai and other cities in China. Over 200 speakers from different walks of life were audio-recorded in a vast array of natural settings. Three hundred compliment-response sequences were selected for analysis. Adopting a combination of the pragmatic speech act analytic approach and the discursive pragmatic analytic approach, the current study examines the pragmatic-discursive structure of Chinese complimenting in conversation sequences over multiple turns involving two or more parties. Results of the study reveal that Chinese compliments and compliment responses are not isolated, single utterance acts, but rather multi-turn discursive events. Chinese compliments operate as pragmatic-discursive strategies working together over the discourse in a core and support relationship. Among the 3,835 compliment strategies identified, 525 are core strategies and 3,310 are support strategies. The core compliment strategy is normally the first general summative statement initiating a compliment topic. Seven major support compliment strategies—agreement, comment, example, repetition, intensification, quote, and comparison—fulfill three major pragmatic-discursive functions: to align with, to elaborate, or to emphasize the core or another support strategy. The seven major support compliment strategies are further realized by a wide variety of substrategies and linguistic forms with no formulaicity and predictability in lexical or syntactic distribution. The different pragmatic-discursive strategies interact such that the participants negotiate and “co-construct” the compliment event. The analysis indicates that context, both interaction-external and interaction-internal, is crucial in the construction and interpretation of a compliment action.

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Le, Couteur Amanda J. „Indirectness and politeness in requesting : an analysis of sociolinguistic and pragmatic aspects in an Australian context / Amanda Le Couteur“. 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18793.

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Bibliography: leaves 457-478.
xx, 478 leaves ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1997?

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Babayants, Artem. „Acting and Second Language Pragmatics: Pedagogical Intersections“. Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32210.

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The study sheds light on the interrelations between interlanguage pragmatics and the use of a popular acting method, the Stanislavsky System, for second language (L2) acquisition. The theoretical investigation explores various uses of acting in second language education. The empirical enquiry represents an exploratory case-study of two adult EFL learners attending a theatre course in English. Through teacher journals, interviews, and the analysis of the students’ pragmatic performance as captured by a video camera, the researcher hypothesizes that the pragmatic development of the students involved in drama comes from three main sources: the script, the acting exercises, and the necessity to communicate in English during the theatre course. In all three cases, the zone of proximal development in relation to pragmatic competence emerged as a result of a teacher-generated impetus to use L2, numerous opportunities for imitation and repetition, continuous peer-support, and the collaborative spirit created in the classroom.

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Maratová, Magdalena. „Tázací dovětky "right" a "isn't it": socio-lingvistická studie“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373717.

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This thesis examines question tags right and isn't it from pragmatic and sociolinguistic perspectives. English question tags have most frequently been analyzed from the sociolinguistic angle while at the same time completely avoiding the pragmatic aspects that represent a key factor in the sociolinguistic background. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces sociolinguistic aspects and approaches to question tags, as well as their formal aspects. This thesis is a corpus based study (British National Corpus chosen as the primary source of material) where 200 examples were extracted from the corpus and further studied (100 examples on the question tag right and 100 examples on the question tag isn't it). The study analyzes the question tags from the sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on the type of conversation (cross-gender or same-sex conversations) and relating the pragmatic functions of question tags to speakers' gender and speakers' age. Further, the analysis also inquires into what sentence types precede the two question tags. The paper also offers a revised classification of pragmatic functions of the two question tags. Key words: question tags, pragmatic functions of question tags, immediate and postponed response, speaker's gender

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Habyarimana, Heli. „An analysis of the socio-pragmatic motivations for code-switching in Rwanda“. Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23610.

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Text in English
The study examines the social motivations that prompt the Rwandan bilingual speakers to code-switch from Kinyarwanda to English, French or Kiswahili in their casual conversations about real-life situations. Methodological techniques used for data collection are ethnographic non-participant observation, oral interviews, focus group discussions and shorthand notes techniques. Examples were examined and interpreted within Myers-Scotton’s Markedness Model as the main theoretical framework for the study. The research findings align with Myers-Scotton’s categories such as the sequential unmarked choice, code-switching itself as the unmarked choice, the marked choice and the exploratory choice respectively. The main social factors that influence code-switching among the Rwandan bilingual speakers were identified as signalling educated status, expressing different social identities, demonstrating measures of power, authority and prestige, narrowing or widening social distance, and maintaining relationships. These results support the hypothesis that code-switching is a strategy to maximise social benefits from the interlocutors in conversation.
Linguistics and Modern Languages
M.A. (Sociolinguistics)

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Gimode, Jescah Khadi. „A socio-pragmatic and structural analysis of code-switching among the Legoli speech community of Kangeni, Nairobi, Kenya“. Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19660.

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The study is an in-depth examination of code-switching in the Logoli speech community in the cosmopolitan Kangemi informal settlement area on the outskirts of the city of Nairobi. The aim of the study is to investigate the sociolinguistic and structural developments that result from urban language contact settings such as Kangemi. The main objective is to identify and illustrate the social motivations that influence the tendency of the Logoli speakers to alternate codes between Lulogoli, Kiswahili and English in the course of their routine conversations as well as the structural patterns that emerge in the process of code-switching. Various methodological techniques were used in the gathering of data, including questionnaire surveys, oral interviews, tape recordings and ethnographic participant-observation techniques are highlighted. Extracts from the corpus were analysed within a theoretical framework based on two models, namely the Markedness Model and the Matrix Language Frame Model, both developed by Myers-Scotton. The study identified and interpreted, within the Markedness Model framework, the key social variables that determine code-switching behaviour among the Logoli speech community. These include age, education, status and the various social domains of interaction. In the light of these factors, the researcher was able to explain the tendency to switch codes in different settings and confirm the study’s assumption that urban-based social factors largely determine the motivations for and the patterns of code-switching. This lead to the conclusion that code-switching is not a random phenomenon but a strategy and a negotiation process that aims at maximizing benefits from interaction. Structural features of the corpus were also identified and analysed within the Matrix Language Frame Model. The assumptions of the model were tested and found to be supported by numerous examples from the data. A number of recommendations were made for further research on minority languages in Kenya and the need for language policy in Kenya to be formulated to take these language groups into consideration.
Linguistics and Modern Languages

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„'Tengo bien harto esperando en la lí€nea': Complaint Strategies by Second-Generation Mexican-American Bilinguals“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.17842.

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abstract: Complaints, characterized by LaForest (2002), are expressions "of dissatisfaction addressed by an individual A to an individual B concerning behavior on the part of B that A feels is unsatisfactory," (p. 1596) have been studied in the language of English speakers since the 1980's (Boxer, 1993a; 1993b; 1996; House & Kasper, 1981; Murphy & Neu, 1996; Trenchs, 1995; Vázquez, 2011; Wolfe & Powell, 2006). However, only a few studies on Spanish-language complaints have been carried out (Bolívar, 2002a; Márquez Reiter, 2005; Pinto & Raschio, 2008). Due to the lack of studies analyzing complaints among second generation Mexican-American Spanish-English bilinguals in the United States, role-plays were collected from 21 participants, ten males and eleven females, who interacted with a female interlocutor. The data was analyzed using Spencer-Oatey's (2005) Rapport Management in order to gain a better understanding of this population's politeness strategies used in complaining both in Spanish and English. In addition to acting out the role-plays, the participants were asked to fill out a Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q), in order to assess language proficiency. Upon completion of the role-plays, the participants completed a post role-play questionnaire, which evaluated their impressions of the interactions. The strategies used in the complaints included, but were not limited to: complaining/accusing, reason/explanation/ justification, threatening, suggesting/requesting/commanding, and providing information. The results showed that for the Spanish complaints the participants preferred the use of reason/explanation/justification, while they preferred suggesting/requesting/commanding in the English complaints. In addition, in both situations the participants chose to respect the association principle, however, this result was not statistically significant. With respect to face sensitivities, the participants chose to enhance the interlocutor's identity face in both the English and Spanish. It is concluded that these participants do not demonstrate a transfer of strategies from one language to another. Furthermore, no significant gender differences were observed. Moreover, the participants show a tendency toward positive politeness, which falls in line with other Hispanic cultures such as Cubans, Spaniards, Argentineans, Uruguayans, Peruvians, and Venezuelans. Although this study adds to the literature of Spanish in the U.S. pragmatics, further study of this population is needed.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Spanish 2013

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Fourie, Annamarie. „Korpuslinguistiese ondersoek na pragmatiese merkers in Omgangsafrikaans“. Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26742.

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Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans, English and Tshwana
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-193)
Pragmatiese merkers in Omgangsafrikaans dien as belangrike kontekstualiseringswenke. Dit rig gespreksgenote in terme van uitingrelevansie en stel die spreker in staat om, op bondige wyse, ’n houding teenoor die proposisie van die uiting te openbaar. Dit dra ook by tot die gesprekstruktuur. Die sistematiese ondersoek na pragmatiese merkers volg ’n eklektiese benadering: die relevansieteorie, grammatikalisasieteorie, diskoersanalise, sosiopragmatiek en korpuslinguistiek word ingespan om die verskynsel te bestudeer en te verklaar. Die pragmatiese merkers “rêrig/regtig”, “oukei”, “soos”, “hoor” en “weet” is bestudeer aan die hand van die Pretoriakorpus van Omgangsafrikaans (PO) vanweë hul hoë gebruiksfrekwensie in die korpus. ’n Vergelyking van die gebruiksfrekwensies van hierdie pragmatiese merkers onder verskillende groeperinge van sprekers toon aan dat jong, volwasse en bejaarde mans en vroue dit verskillend gebruik. Die onderskeie funksies bied voorts leidrade waardeur die grammatikalisasie van pragmatiese merkers nagespeur kan word. Dit wil voorkom asof jong vroulike sprekers die voortou neem in die gebruik en ontwikkeling van pragmatiese merkers teenoor jong manlike sprekers. Die studie het verder bevind dat veral volwasse vroulike sprekers aktief bydra tot die ontwikkeling van hierdie pragmatiese merkers.
Pragmatic markers in interactional Afrikaans serve as important contextualising cues. They guide interlocutors as to the relevance of utterances and equip the speaker to signal an attitude towards the proposition of the utterance in a succinct way. They also contribute to the conversation structure. The systematic investigation of pragmatic markers follows an eclectic approach: relevance theory, grammaticalisation theory, discourse analysis, sociopragmatics and corpus linguistics are engaged in order to study and explain the phenomenon. The pragmatic markers “rêrig/regtig”, “oukei”, “soos”, “hoor” en “weet” are studied on the basis of the Pretoriakorpus van Omgangsafrikaans (PO) owing to their high frequency in the corpus. A comparison of the usage frequencies of these pragmatic markers among various groups of speakers indicates that young, adult and elderly men and women use them differently. The respective functions offer clues by which the grammaticalisation of pragmatic markers may be traced. It appears that young female speakers take the lead in the use and development of pragmatic markers compared to young male speakers. The study further found that especially adult female speakers contribute actively to the development of these pragmatic markers.
Matshwao a puo mo puong ya kgolagano ya Afrikaans a dira jaaka matshwao a botlhokwa a bokao. A kaela babui ka bomaleba jwa dipuo le go thusa sebui go bontsha maikutlo malebana le polelo e e tshitshinngwang ka boripana. Gape a tshwaela mo sebopegong sa puisano. Tshekatsheko e e rulaganeng ya matshwao a puo e ne e dirisa mekgwa e e farologaneng: tiori ya bomaleba, tiori ya tiriso ya thutapuo, tshekatsheko ya puisano, matshwao a puoloago le thuto ya dipuo e e lebelelang dikwalo tse di gona (corpus linguistics) di dirisitswe go batlisisa le go tlhalosa dikgakgamatso tseo. Matshwao a puo a “rêrig/regtig”, “oukei”, “soos”, “hoor” le “weet” a batlisisitswe go lebeletswe Pretoriakorpus van Omgangsafrikaans (PO) ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga ona thata mo dikwalong. Tshwantshanyo ya seelo sa tiriso ya matshwao ano a puo magareng ga ditlhopha tsa dibui e supa gore bašwa, bagolo le bagodi ba banna le basadi ba a dirisa ka ditsela tse di farologaneng. Ditiro tse di rileng di bontsha disupi tse ka tsona go ka latedisiwang tiriso ya thutapuo ya matshwao a puo. Go bonala fa dibui tsa bašwa ba basadi di eteletse pele mo tirisong le kgodisong ya matshwao a puo fa di ntshwantshanngwa le dibui tsa banna. Thutopatlisiso e fitlheletse gape gore dibui tsa bagolo ba basadi bogolosegolo di tshwaela ka botlhaga mo kgodisong ya matshwao ano a puo.
Afrikaans and Theory of Literature
M.A. (Afrikaans)

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Michno, Jeffrey Alan. „Greeting and leave-taking in Texas : perception of politeness norms by Mexican-Americans across sociolinguistic divides“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26450.

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The present study sheds light on how 16 Mexican-Americans residing in Texas perceive and follow politeness norms (e.g., Brown & Levinson, 1987; Fraser, 1990; Terkourafi, 2005) related to greetings and leave-takings in different cultural and linguistic contexts. Data from online questionnaires identify a significant difference in perceived level of social expectation (i.e. politeness) for employing the speech acts with Spanish- versus non-Spanish speakers. The data support previous research in identifying a sense of solidarity among Mexican-American extended families, but go further in suggesting that this bond extends to other Spanish-speaking acquaintances. Better understanding of these norms should facilitate inter-cultural exchanges between linguistic in- and out-group members.
text

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Kaneko, Kyoko. „A comparative study of the use of request strategies by learners and native speakers of Japanese“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3821.

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The present study examined the request strategies of advanced learners of Japanese, by comparing those of native speakers of Japanese. The investigation focused on the following aspects: discourse structure, sentence types, strategy types, and reasoning behind the speakers’ choice of strategy. The participants for this study were five learners and six native speakers of Japanese. Data were collected through role plays and a retrospective verbal report. The distribution of the types of responses was compared. Results showed that the request realization of learners of Japanese and that of native speakers of Japanese were similar at least in the use of the supporting statements in the discourse structure and use of indirect strategies; in contrast, they differed in the use of sentence types to realize indirect requests and types of intended strategies. Findings suggest that the learners’ deviations from native speakers were caused by their inadequate grammatical skills.
Graduate

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Pragmatic sociolinguistics“

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