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1
Bolotina, Ye, O. Shubna, A. Кvasha und V. Melchenko. „Political Aspects of Public Administration in the Public Sector of Ukraine“. Economic Herald of the Donbas, Nr. 4 (66) (2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-4(66)-68-74.
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The article reveals the basic theoretical principles of public administration. The stages of formation and development of public administration are studied. It was found that public administration, as a system of public administration in Ukraine, needs to be reformed in a market economy and democratization of society. The main problems of formation and development of the system of public administration in terms of compliance with the European political trend of integration of public and personal factors, expanding the sphere of state influence while maximizing rights and freedoms, absolutization of the administrative factor of social transformations are considered. It is established that public administration: provides implements the decisions of the authorities; applies democratic, public, liberal forms and methods of managing the social, social and economic development of the country. The main factors that influenced the emergence in many countries of the world of such a new form of government in the public sector as public administration. Based on the understanding of the peculiarities of the evolution of the management model in the public sector, the need to introduce the concept of "public administration" into scientific circulation is substantiated. Recommendations for decentralization of management in the context of domestic reforms to increase the efficiency of the system of public authorities on an innovative basis are offered. In this context, it is extremely important to implement initiatives on constitutional changes in the decentralization of power, the priorities of the Public Administration Reform Strategy of Ukraine for 2016-2020; development of a new version of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service", which regulates the basic principles, legal and organizational principles of public service.
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Bazić, Jovan. „The Social Aspects of Sport“. Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 5, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2018-0005.
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SummaryIn this paper we evaluated the basic viewpoints on the mutual relations between contemporary sport and society. Sport is a global social phenomenon which is determined by a variety of different processes, including: the fast development of the industrial society and capital, an increase in leisure time, the development of a liberal democracy and the media. A special feature in these relations is the overall globalization process in today’s world. The basic structure of this paper is made up of two functional parts. In the first part we indicate the dominant theoretical-methodological paradigms in studying sport in social sciences, especially sociology: functionalism, conflict theory in society, interpretive and postmodern theory. In the second part of the paper we analyze the dialectics of contemporary relations between sport and society, where special attention is dedicated to the distribution of social power between sport, capital and the media at the local and global level. At the local level especially, there is a pronounced influence of politics on sport, which is realized through various mechanisms of government power, as well as other political subjects. The most solid bonds between sport and society on both levels are maintained by capital and the media, which know no boundaries. Through ownership and mechanisms of financing sports clubs and associations, athletes and athletic events, an entire network of capitalist relations in sport was created. Sport has become one of the most important factors of television programs, the internet and social networks, which has led to an enormous growth in profit and popularity of sport, but also to great changes in the social relations between people.
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Suh, Nam Pyo. „Axiomatic Design and Design Thinking in Humanities and Social Sciences in the 21st Century“. MATEC Web of Conferences 223 (2018): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822301025.
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Since the Industrial Revolution (IR), science and technology have advanced at an ever-accelerating rate. In a mere 250 years since IR, advances in science and technology have changed nearly all aspects of humanity. Before IR, people and animals were used as the primary source of power and energy. After IR, steam engines and other power sources replaced human and animal power, which ultimately changed the economic and political structure of many nations and the world. Now, the world is undergoing socio-economic transformation due to information technology and will soon enter the age of biological revolution. These and other advances in science and technology are likely to accelerate, creating both opportunities and some unanticipated risks to humanity. To ascertain that the technological changes result in positive outcomes for humanity and society, more research in humanities and social sciences is needed so as to complement the advances being made in natural sciences and technology. The question raised in this paper is: “Can Axiomatic Design and design thinking be applied in the fields of humanities and social sciences so as to create imaginative societal solutions in the technology era?” Design examples are given that show how AD can be applied in non-technical fields.
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Vujovic, Sreten. „Local, glocal, entrepreneurial and socio-ecological aspects of the contemporary city“. Sociologija 54, Nr. 1 (2012): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1201105v.
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This paper, using political science and sociological approach, points to a series of phenomena, processes and problems related to the decentralization of state government, local government, glocal world, entrepreneurial city and urban socio-ecological features in the context of globalization, post-socialist transformation and ecological modernization. It is primarily about the way of managing the city, about urban policy. The power is the central category of each policy, including the local politics - power, social actors and interests in connection with them. Urban processes are governed by different actors - politicians, businessmen, experts, citizens / consumers, NGOs - some of which actually run, while others are subordinated, or resist, which indicates the latent and manifest tensions and conflicts in urban areas. Therefore, the concluding part of the paper points to the phenomenon of entrepreneurial city and its actors involved in the game of power. In order to concretize, some results of recent (2010) socio-ecological research of attitudes of representatives of local government in Serbia are used. Whether and how much a democratic decision-making in urban politics takes place is also one of the questions that are attended to.
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Jotterand, Fabrice. „The Politicization of Science and Technology: Its Implications for Nanotechnology“. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, Nr. 4 (2006): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00084.x.
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Nanotechnology represents, in part, a technological revolution in the sense that it allows highly innovative applications of various areas of the physical and life sciences. The development of nanotechnology and nanoscience, however, intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science (in its broad meaning) can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., “pure science”). Science, through its technological applications, has become the source of economic power and, by extension, political power. Science, with its political implications, has entered what John Ziman calls the era of “post-academic science.”In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of this politicization, that is, the convergence of science, technology, politics, and economics for social and governmental purposes. At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.
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Kaspe, Svyatoslav. „Light and Power: The Panopticon as a Political Form and its Variations“. Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, Nr. 1 (2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-1-9-34.
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After Michel Foucault, Bentham’s Panopticon became a widely recognized image of the modern state. The article focuses on some aspects of this strong metaphor that were not taken into account by Foucault or most other researchers. The question of the sources of light in the Panopticon, also understood metaphorically as a sine qua non for the exercise of power and for its legitimacy at the same time, allows to describe such variations of the state’s political form that is based on either a “political religion” (adjacent to a totalitarian phenomenon), or secular (adjacent to liberalism) and based on the “civil religion” (the most complicated of all). A key variable here is the mode to interface the political and the sacred. If in the pre-modern era the openness of political forms for influences emanating from the sacred was presumed, in modern states the political reaches autonomy; the political becomes emancipated from the sacred, and occupies its place in the most radical scenarios. The author argues that in the future, the highest sustainability will be demonstrated by those variations of the state political form in which this autonomy is not completed, or where the connections between the political and the sacred are maintained, albeit at a reduced level, that is, those in which “civil religion” is practiced.
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Aleshina, Ekaterina Yuryevna. „Political Discourse as Sliding Mode Manifestations“. International Journal of Applied Research in Bioinformatics 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijarb.2022010102.
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The article considers the problem of political discourse transformation as exemplified by European (British&Russian) political rhetoric of the 20th century. Considered is the complex nature of political discourse comprising both its variable and invariable aspects reflecting discursive constancy and change which are regarded as manifestations of the sliding mode usually applicable to exact sciences phenomena. The major factors of transformation depend on social change caused by dramatic events in history, namely political conflicts. The invariable part of political discourse is concentrated around the text structure with dicteme as the main information and structure unit of the text and discourse. The variable part is determined by factors of speech regulation including target content of the utterance, status of the speaker and the listener, pre-supposition and post-supposition. Genre and register specificity of political discourse as its constant characteristics reflect the change. Conclusions offer some generalizations Virtual Learning offer for Biologic Informatics aspects
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Zanotti, Laura, Courtney Carothers, Charlene Aqpik Apok, Sarah Huang, Jesse Coleman und Charlotte Ambrozek. „Political ecology and decolonial research: co-production with the Iñupiat in Utqiaġvik“. Journal of Political Ecology 27, Nr. 1 (28.01.2020): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23335.
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Environmental social science research designs have shifted over the past several decades to include an increased commitment to multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary team-based work that have had dual but complementary foci. These address power and equity in the substantive aspects of research, and also to adopt more engaged forms of practice, including decolonial approaches. The fields of political ecology, human geography, and environmental anthropology have been especially open to converge with indigenous scholarship, particularly decolonial and settler colonial theories and research designs, within dominant human-environmental social science paradigms. Scholars at the forefront of this dialogue highlight the ontological (ways of knowing), epistemological (how we know), and institutional (institutions of higher education) transformations that need to occur in order for this to take place. In this article we contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we highlight the synergies between political ecology and decolonial scholarship, particularly focusing on the power dynamics in research programs and historical legacies of human-environmental relationships, including those of researchers. Second, we explore how decolonial research pushes political ecologists and other environmental social scientists to not only consider adopting international and local standards of working with, by and for Indigenous Peoples within research programs but how this work ultimately extends to research and education within their home institutions and organizations. Through integrating decolonized research practices in the environmental social sciences, we argue that synthesizing multiple knowledge practices and transforming institutional structures will enhance team-based environmental social science work to improve collaboration with Indigenous scientists, subsistence practitioners, agency representatives, and sovereign members of Indigenous communities.Keywords: Alaska; collaboration; co-production; decolonial; Indigenous Knowledges; Iñupiaq Peoples
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Carmen, Ira H. „Bioconstitutional Politics: Toward an Interdisciplinary Paradigm“. Politics and the Life Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (Februar 1987): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400002100.
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This article integrates theory and data culled from two largely unrelated subdisciplines—biopolitics and constitutional politics—to provide a “bioconstitutional” overview of power relationships among Homo sapiens. That overview features three aspects of constitutional configuration: (1) the biopsychological, evidence of which is drawn chiefly from neuroscience, primatology, biochemistry, and championship chess play; (2) the biosocial, evidence of which is drawn chiefly from gene-culture coevolutionary analysis, anthropology, social psychology, jurisprudence, and political science; (3) the biopolicy aspect, evidence of which is drawn exclusively from the American scene, most particularly Supreme Court decision making involving reproductive choice and governmental constraints on gene-cloning. Constitutionalism is conceived as a thought-action field theory, whose values are not only dynamic and functional, but also both politically influential and subject to political influence. Bioconstitutionalism supplies the requisite life science context for these patterns, and itself presents notable feedback features as humans acquire greater capacity to order their adaptive strategies through biological intervention programs.
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Harris, Martin. „Power, Knowledge and Social Process in Technology Analysis: The Case of CAD/CAM“. Journal of Information Technology 12, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629701200105.
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“Social process’ analyses of technology implementation have had a major influence on research carried out over the last 15 years. Technology implementation is now widely regarded as a ‘socially negotiated’ process the outcome of which is likely to be shaped by different interests and constituencies within the innovating firm. However, the explanatory status accorded to questions of power and political process remains problematic. This paper combines an empirical investigation of the political processes associated with the implementation of CAD/CAM with a cross-disciplinary treatment of the underlying theoretical issues. The concluding part of the paper focuses on ‘political’ and ‘learning’ aspects of technical change. ‘Power’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘control’ rationalities are included in a revised theorization of the technical change process.
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Sobkowiak, Leszek. „Kategorie analityczne konfliktu politycznego w interdyscyplinarnej perspektywie“. Politeja 19, Nr. 2(77) (14.07.2022): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.77.03.
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ANALYTICAL CATEGORIES OF POLITICAL CONFLICT IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE
The article takes up selected issues present in research on social conflicts: 1. The impact of theoretical and methodological pluralism of social sciences on the evolution and current state of the theory of social conflict; 2. The importance of the interdisciplinary approach in explaining research problems and constructing the theory of conflict; 3. Sociological, psychological and political aspects of conflict research, including social inequalities, the influence of cognitive and emotional processes on the perception of reality and conflict activities, the origin and regulation of political conflicts related to the processes of exercising power and the diversification of the political structure of society; 4. The complexity of the basic categories of the political conflict analysis scheme: causes, phases, strategies, and methods of operation of entities, types, and effects.
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Reza Adeputra Tohis. „Political Philosophy of Illumination: An Analysis of Political Dimensions in Suhrawardi's Thought“. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, Nr. 2 (11.11.2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.11.
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Suhrawardi is a renowned philosopher famous for his thoughts on the philosophy of Illumination. His thoughts are contained in his mangnum opus, The Wisdom of Al-Isryq (Hikmat Al-Isryq). This study aims to reveal the prominent aspect of various political dimensions in his work, whose primordial focus was on the aspects of the political system and the concept of power. The political system and the concept of power were then characterized as a political philosophy of Illumination. For this reason, this study not only uses a qualitative method with factual historical study techniques regarding figures but also uses an analytical approach to the theory of sociology of knowledge by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Lucmann and the theory of socio-political philosophy of al-Farabi's emanation. The sociology of knowledge is used to analyze the social dimensions involved in the formation of Suhrawardi's thoughts. Meanwhile, the socio-political philosophy of emanation is used to characterize the system and the concept of political power contained in the Wisdom of al-Isryq. The study concludes that the political system contained in the Illumination philosophy is divine, theocratic, and based on the concept of power in the form of self-control.
Keywords: Hikmat al-Isryq, Illumination Political Philosophy, Suhrawardi, Reality, Sociology of Knowledge
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Sobkowiak, Leszek, und Andrzej W. Jabłoński. „Teoria polityki w badaniach profesora Andrzeja Czajowskiego“. Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 27 (20.02.2020): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.27.1.
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Political theory in the research of professor Andrzej Czajowski
Professor Andrzej Czajowski, an academic scholar and lecturer at the University of Wroclaw, conducted interdisciplinary scientific research in many fields of political science. His main field of interest was political theory. The subjects of his research were, inter alia, the nature of politics and political aspects of other social phenomena, the relations between political power, decisions, actions, agents and structures. Professor Czajowski conducted interdisciplinary research from the perspectives of political theory, political psychology and law. His main contribution to empirical and analytical political theory was the development of a new understanding of different academic concepts in political science, such as politics, power, political decisions and political activity. In the published books and research papers professor Czajowski has developed new meanings of key political science concepts, such as politics, power, political action, political decisions, political attitudes, political conflicts and political thought. His academic works have enriched the language of political science and political theory by adding new classifications and typologies, and contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of politics.
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Stammers, Neil. „Human Rights and Power“. Political Studies 41, Nr. 1 (März 1993): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1993.tb01638.x.
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This paper is an initial attempt to link the concepts of human rights and power from a social constructionist perspective. It looks at aspects of the social history of natural and human rights and the relationship of this history to extant power relations. It suggests that conceptions of human rights have both challenged and sustained particular forms of power, thus playing a highly ambivalent role. The paper also examines and criticises the philosophical underpinnings of liberal and marxist approaches to the concept of human rights. In a concluding section it considers the possibility of constructing a power analysis which might provide a way of anchoring the concept of human rights in social practices.
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Danilović, Neđo. „Contemporary relations between the state power and the armed forces from the perspective of political science“. Vojno delo 73, Nr. 3 (2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2103073d.
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The subject of the research in this paper are contemporary aspects of the relation between branches of the state power and the Armed Forces. The general starting hypothesis was: "If the state power holders do not have stable support in economic and political actors of the social structure and do not ensure their interaction with social, political, cultural, information and communications and security system, then the execution of the modern role of the Armed Forces in the political system is difficult." Almost all main analytical and synthetic methods of knowledge have been used in the paper, and the comparative method when it comes to general scientific methods. From the data collection methods the operational method of document content analysis has been used. The paper emphasizes several main findings, first of all, that the Armed Forces and other elements of the defence system in the process of protection of vital social values should be under constant supervision and civilian control of the legitimately elected legislative power, and the executive power should provide conditions, budget and supreme command and through ministerial instructions give guidelines and priorities for the development of the Armed Forces and directly control them. The judicial power sanctions anti-constitutional and illegal actions of the Armed Forces members, as well as other citizens of the society, but also protects the rights and freedoms of those who seek justice.
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Battaglini, Marco, und Eleonora Patacchini. „Social Networks in Policy Making“. Annual Review of Economics 11, Nr. 1 (02.08.2019): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030419.
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Recent advances in data collection, computing power, and theoretical modeling have stimulated a growing literature in economics and political science studying how social networks affect policy making. We survey this literature focusing on two main aspects. First, we discuss the literature studying how (and if) social connections in Congress affect legislative behavior. We then discuss how social connections affect the relationship between policy makers and the outside world, focusing on lobbying; the importance of family, caste, and ethnic networks; and social media and public activism. In our discussion, we highlight the key methodological challenges in this literature, how they have been addressed, and the prospects for future research.
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Pavlov, Ilia. „An Ontology of Power as an Ontology of History: An Appraisal of Vladimir Bibikhin’s Political Philosophy“. Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 18, Nr. 3 (2019): 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-3-195-223.
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The paper deals with the phenomenological, ontological, and existential grounds of the political philosophy and the philosophy of history as proposed by Vladimir Bibikhin in a course of lectures called (It’s) Time (Time-Being). Following the crucial ideas of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time, Bibikhin introduces the concepts of “early” and “late” disciplines, illustrated by the rules of Sophia Alekseyevna and Peter the Great, accordingly. These concepts are introduced to indicate two different ontological structures of historical and political action. An ‘early’ discipline stands for an ontological basis for democracy, whereas a ‘late’ one refers to autocracy and despotism. Drawing on multiple Bibikhin’s works dedicated to Russia, such as Introduction to the Philosophy of Law, The Power of Russia, and Our Place in the Word, the author argues that Bibikhin further elaborates the political and ontological aspects of the above-mentioned concept of the ‘late’ discipline in these texts. In contrast, the book New Renaissance is considered as an illustration of an ‘early’ discipline which is prevalent in the West, according to Bibikhin. Finally, the author proposes a critical evaluation of Bibikhin’s political philosophy in regards to its close link with an ideology and outlines the possible perspectives of implementing some of Bibikhin’s ideas in contemporary debates about the political.
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Petray, Theresa, und Nick Pendergrast. „Challenging power and creating alternatives: Integrationist, anti-systemic and non-hegemonic approaches in Australian social movements“. Journal of Sociology 54, Nr. 4 (08.02.2018): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318756513.
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Social movements are often discussed as either reformist or revolutionary, or, more often, as containing aspects of each of these approaches. However, whether a movement seeks integration into the existing system or seeks to overthrow that system and replace it, both approaches are hegemonic in nature. That is, they focus on totalising power structures. In this article, we explore another aspect of social movements: non-hegemonic approaches are those which prefigure alternatives at the local level. Non-hegemonic approaches are not oriented to power structures like states. Instead of actively resisting power, they bypass it or in some ways ignore it, as they create new ways of being. This approach may be limited in scope, and is unlikely to challenge the existence of inequalities at broad scales, but they can point to real examples of alternatives to existing power structures.
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Adolf, Marian T., und Nico Stehr. „Information, Knowledge, and the Return of Social Physics“. Administration & Society 50, Nr. 9 (05.03.2018): 1238–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399718760585.
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The article discusses two vital aspects of the current debate about the societal importance and future role of data, information, and knowledge in the context of social organization, administration, and government. First, it is argued that the debate concerning Big Data suffers from faulty assumptions regarding the societal significance and power of information which needs to be extended to a more comprehensive investigation about the social role of knowledge. Second, the theoretical positions brought forward are illustrated by revisiting an episode from the early history of the social sciences, arguing that misguided ideas about the possibility of “Social Physics” have failed before and are likely to fail again, due to the complexity of social behavior.
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Coole, Diana. „Experiencing Discourse: Corporeal Communicators and the Embodiment of Power“. British Journal of Politics and International Relations 9, Nr. 3 (August 2007): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2006.00258.x.
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The importance of the body in social interactions has been largely ignored in political studies. Even when its significance is acknowledged, its material and experiential dimensions tend to be neglected. Commending a phenomenological sense of embodiment, I argue that this is a serious omission since there are many ways in which power operates on a corporeal level. I show in this article how the senses, although mediated by social and political structures, affect social encounters and I explore the body's efficacy in political life. Since democratic processes tend to rely on situations where face-to-face encounters occur, the way bodies affect communication is especially important for understanding normative phenomena like exclusion. Taking sexed and gendered bodies as an example, I show how visceral and stylistic aspects of embodiment help sustain inequalities through practices that often seem too trivial or mundane to identify as modes of power. I also use the concept of style to advance a critical and normative argument regarding political change.
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Paltanavičiūtė, Justina. „CREATIVITY AS SOCIAL CRITIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF THE OPERA HAVE A GOOD DAY!“ Creativity Studies 15, Nr. 1 (10.03.2022): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2022.15026.
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The article explores the communication of social critique in contemporary art. The article aims to reveal the connections between art and politics existing in the theory of art aesthetics and art practice. Empirical research: the content analysis of critical reviews allowed to determine that the pronouncements of the authors and the official agenda presentation of a work of art that potentially articulates a political message but is considered hermetic affect and indicate the direction of reception. An example of contemporary opera was deliberately chosen for the research. Contemporary opera is often considered as a hermetic domain of creativity, solving only aesthetic, but not sociopolitical challenges. However, from the very first examples, the opera genre has been treated as an improvised and aestheticized public sphere, enabling to communicate ideology principles of the dominant political power or, conversely, to demonstrate social criticism to those in power. Opera research that focuses on political aspects is usually based on the musicological paradigm conducted on the basis of analysis of aesthetic regime -opera as a work of art communicating a socio-political message is still rarely explored. However, contemporary artists often creatively rely on politically active narratives and themes. This enables the opera genre to be seen as a platform for political communication.
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Mustafa, Daanish, und Sarah J. Halvorson. „Critical Water Geographies: From Histories to Affect“. Water 12, Nr. 7 (15.07.2020): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072001.
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Water resource geography has undergone a considerable transformation since its original moorings in engineering and the pure sciences. As this Special Issue demonstrates, many intellectual and practical gains are being made through a politicized practice of water scholarship. This work by geographers integrates a critical social scientific perspective on agency, power relations, method and most importantly the affective/emotional aspects of water with profound familiarity and expertise across sub-disciplines and regions. Here, the ‘critical’ aspects of water resource geography imply anti-positivist epistemologies pressed into the service of contributing to social justice and liberation from water-related political and material struggles. The five papers making up this Special Issue address these substantive and theoretical concerns across South and West Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and North America.
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Mitchuk, Olha. „Specialized fields of journalism in the context of political and philosophical concepts“. Obraz 35, Nr. 1 (2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2021.1(35)-50-59.
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The article aims at examining the existing definitions of institutions of both social phenomena in philosophical science. The analysis of the institute comparison and interpenetration as a philosophical concept is suggested. The notion of a journalistic field is analyzed in view of content structuredness in connection with aspects of the notions of institutionalization of power and law. Peculiarities of several specialized subfields of journalism are analyzed in the context of mass-media production of different information and forms of competition, and cooperation between universal and specialized journalists. Different subtypes of journalism and respective social areas, the degree of interaction between professional and commercial dimensions of the journalistic field are analyzed.
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Drover, Glenn. „Pension Power: Unions, Pension Funds and Social Investment in Canada“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2006): 983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906449969.
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Pension Power: Unions, Pension Funds and Social Investment in Canada, Isla Carmichael, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005, pp. 219.Isla Carmichael has been writing about union pensions for a decade. Over the past ten years, she has examined different aspects of union-based pension funds and labour-sponsored investment, including fiduciary responsibility, the role of union pension trustees, social accounting, collateral benefits and economically targeted investment. In this book, she brings together these, and other, arguments to make a case for the greater involvement of unions in directing and investing pension funds, not only to provide benefits to union members but also to shape economic growth and community development. Her analysis is comprehensive and her argument is persuasive.
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Grenier, Amanda M. „The conspicuous absence of the social, emotional and political aspects of frailty: the example of the White Book on Frailty“. Ageing and Society 40, Nr. 11 (20.06.2019): 2338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000631.
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AbstractOver the last 15 years, frailty has become a dominant discourse on late life. Taken-for-granted knowledge and practice can be seen in initiatives such as the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics’ White Book on Frailty. This paper begins with an overview of key themes on frailty from the biomedical literature, followed by critical literature in the social sciences and humanities. It discusses the tensions within the biomedical field, frailty as a social construction and ‘social imaginary’, practices of frailty as historically linked to political systems of care, and frailty as an emotional and relational experience. It then draws on a critical discourse analysis to assess the 2016 White Book on Frailty. Drawing on the idea of ‘significant absences’, the paper highlights the gaps that exist where the social and emotional understandings and political readings of frailty are concerned. The paper concludes by outlining the need to recognise the ‘politics of frailty’ including the power relations that are deeply embedded in the knowledge and practices surrounding frailty, and to incorporate older people's experience and ideas of vulnerability into research, policy and care practice.
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Fedorchenko, Sergey. „Artificial Intelligence in Politics, Media and Public Administration: Reflections on the Thematic Portfolio“. Journal of Political Research 4, Nr. 2 (02.07.2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-3-9.
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The issue «Artificial Intelligence in the Sphere of Politics, Media Space and Public Administration» was conceived after updating the topic of artificial intelligence in the socio-political and value sphere at several scientific events organized by the Department of History, Political Science and Law of Moscow Region State University: Scientific and Public Forum «Values and artificial intelligence» (10.11.2019) and the round table «Ethics and artificial intelligence» (04.16.2019). This issue includes works devoted to the issues of the practice of artificial intelligence in public administration, public policy and other fields. The authors also touched on the nuances of scientific discourse and futorology. The compiler of the issue is Candidate of Political Sciences, associate professor Fedorchenko Sergey Nikolaevich. Artificial intelligence technologies are a pretty debatable topic. Artificial intelligence technologies are a pretty debatable topic. Currently, political leaders, scientists and members of the public are actively discussing the problems of artificial intelligence related to the following aspects: new opportunities for political communication; media policy, mediation of the political sphere; axiological policy; social networks, bots; government departments; opportunities and limitations of new technologies in political analysis; the importance of intelligent systems for democracy and democratic procedures; threats of cyber autocracy; legitimacy of the political regime and national security; political values, political propaganda, frames, political myths, stereotypes, «soft power», «smart power»; digital diplomacy; the risks of media manipulation, information wars, the formation of a political agenda; experience of using intelligent systems in the organization of high-quality communication between society and the state. The theme of the issue is extremely relevant for modern academic political science. artificial intelligence, digitalization, political science, scientific discourse, futorology, state, democracy, manipulation, political communications. The issue is aimed at specialists, political scientists, graduate students and all those who are interested in this difficult issue in an interdisciplinary manner.
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Castro, Henrique A. „The Legal Construction of Power in Deliberative Governance“. Law & Social Inquiry 45, Nr. 3 (09.03.2020): 728–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.74.
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Deliberative democracy has grown into an influential normative paradigm for political theory and reform programs alike, but doubts persist about its desirability in a world where strategic action and inequality are prevalent. This problem has spurred efforts to understand the empirical dynamics of power relations in institutionalized participation. This article argues that sociolegal scholarship has yet to join this turn to power but that doing so can help it to specify law’s causal and normative relevance in deliberative governance. This is because the legal environment within which actors interact affects causal mechanisms by distributing opportunities for the exercise of power between potential participants, actual participants, and participants and government. The utility of a power-distributional perspective is illustrated through a study of São Paulo’s health councils, one of the world’s largest experiments in deliberative governance. The study demonstrates that the councils’ trajectory and current functioning—including some of their normatively problematic aspects—cannot be understood without reference to legal arrangements. This article is meant as a building block for sociolegal scholarship to continue investigating deliberation.
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Singh, Raj Kishor. „A Review on Historical Aspects of Critical Pedagogy“. SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, Nr. 1 (29.01.2021): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i1.10876.
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This paper makes a review of inventory and application of critical pedagogy in education sector, in particular, and also in general practices of critical thinking, skepticism, decision making process, etc. Critical pedagogy as a concept originated and developed in academia, for development of critical mind of learners. Education broadens the students’ views of reality. Education is transformative, bringing all kinds of changes in human mind, as well as in the society and the nation. Education makes students critical and skeptical on the issues which are frequent in their daily life. Therefore, all kinds of social, cultural, economical and political issues are solved by critical mind of the learners. Education must be democratic in nature and system. People in power make education system in their own favour, dominating the powerless people. Therefore, education is political. Those who participate in critical pedagogy resist the constraints that those in power impose on them. Critical pedagogy can be applied in all faculties and subjects like music, economics, mathematics, sociology, political science, English language teaching, English literature teaching, and so on. Teachers also must be qualified with the critical pedagogy approach. They must be confident with the knowledge and skills for applying Freire’s methods of teaching effectively in the classroom. They must be critical thinkers, self-reflective, culturally conscious for the pedagogical situation to enhance students’ understanding of the world.
The major purpose of this review is to point out the effectiveness of critical pedagogy in education and in general. After teachers’ role in critical pedagogy, knowledge of the language and of the world, consciousness or ‘conscientization’, power resistance, value judgments, perception of reality and truth, empowerment, transformation, decision making skills, critical thinking, skepticism, negotiation, problem posing and solving, and many other aspects of learning in critical pedagogy are explained in this review paper.
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Behr, Hartmut. „Scientific Man vs. Power Politics: A Pamphlet and Its Author between Two Academic Cultures“. Ethics & International Affairs 30, Nr. 1 (2016): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679415000581.
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Hans Morgenthau's Scientific Man vs. Power Politics appeared in 1946, one year after he received tenure at the University of Chicago. Thus, the monograph demarcates the beginning of Morgenthau's career in the United States, to which he had emigrated nine years earlier. Three main aspects seem important for understanding this work. The first is Morgenthau's bewilderment about American political culture and, as he perceived it, its cheerful optimism about the betterment of politics, society, and humanity in general. The second aspect is the nature of the argument: Scientific Man is a dogmatic tract, an attempt to hammer home certain philosophical positions—positions that were largely unpopular in the U.S. social sciences in the 1940s (and later)—rather than a reflective scholarly elaboration of certain philosophical commitments. The third is Morgenthau's place between two academic cultures: Morgenthau's language in his American writings partly stems from, but also tries to leave behind, his European academic socialization. The monograph thus reflects the author's peculiar situation, as he inhabits two sometimes crucially different semantic and cultural contexts, but fails to bridge or broker them.
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Frader, Laura L. „Bringing Political Economy Back In“. Social Science History 22, Nr. 1 (1998): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021660.
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As other contributors to this roundtable suggest, the practices of social and labor history as we have known them have been in methodological and epistemological turmoil for some time. The dominant paradigms that guided much of the work of social historians in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s have been thrown into question by poststructuralism and by the emergence of new analytical perspectives on gender, race, and ethnicities. Attention to culture and to the meanings that historical subjects imposed on the habits of everyday life, as well as to the constitutive power of language and cultural practices, have now become a central aspect of much historical work that has sought to analyze the operations of gender, race, and ethnicities as the subjects of social history and the history of working people in particular.
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Rutkowski, Piotr. „Podmiotowość państwa we współczesnym świecie. Globalizacja a sterowność“. Idea. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych 30, Nr. 2 (2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/idea.2018.30.2.05.
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Paper examines place and role of states in the modern world. Firstly the concept of globalization will be shortly analyzed. It is a notion that, especially in the social sciences, has a lot of meanings, because it has many aspects and levels. Author will try to localize the main issues that makes globalization a complex notion. Secondly, problem of paradigm crisis in political science will be presented. Classic meanings of politics and power has been outdated, because of new phenomenons that are consequences of globalization. That means that we should try to look for notions and methods that will help us to understand surrounding world and socio-political sphere, especially when it comes to state, power, politics and international relations. Then the concept of “the art of rule” invented by Jadwiga Staniszkis will be presented. Author will emphasize that this theoretical concept will be helpful in analyzing subjectivity of states in the age of globalization. Then author, basing on this concept, will try to examine the subjectivity of state in modern world. An attempt will be also made to show what is network power and its consequences, point out the subjects that will replace state that is losing its position and think about the future of the states.
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NORDLUND, CARL. „Power-relational core–periphery structures: Peripheral dependency and core dominance in binary and valued networks“. Network Science 6, Nr. 3 (September 2018): 348–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2018.15.
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AbstractWith origins in post-war development thinking, the core–periphery concept has spread across the social and, increasingly, the natural sciences. Initially reflecting divergent socioeconomic properties of geographical regions, its relational connotations rapidly led to more topological interpretations. In today's network science, the standard core–periphery model consists of a cohesive set of core actors and a peripheral set of internally disconnected actors. Exploring the classical core–periphery literature, this paper finds conceptual support for the characteristic intra-categorical density differential. However, this literature also lends support to the notions of peripheral dependency and core dominance, power-relational aspects that existing approaches do not capture. To capture such power-relations, this paper suggests extensions to the correlation-based core–periphery metric of Borgatti and Everett (2000). Capturing peripheral dependency and, optionally, core dominance, these extensions allow for either measuring the degree of such power-relational features in given core–periphery partitions, or as part of a criteria function to search for power-relational core–periphery structures. Applied to the binary and valued citation data in Borgatti and Everett (2000), the proposed extensions seemingly capture dependency and dominance features of core–periphery structures. This is particularly evident when, circling back to the original domains of the concept, examining the network of European commodity trade in 2010.
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Milovanova, Marina Yu. „GENDER STUDIES AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ACADEMIC BASIS FOR EFFECTIVE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION IN MODERN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES“. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, Nr. 1 (2022): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-160-168.
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The article analyzes results of the second international scientific and practical conference “Gender Resources of Sustainable Development. International and Russian experience” (Moscow, March 4, 2022), which became an urgent response to the request to create an interdisciplinary academic platform at the RSUH on issues of the gender research and effective communication in modern social sciences and humanities. The list of participants and scope of their representation at that conference once again confirmed the continuing interest in gender studies, as well as an attempt to comprehend the implementation of the principle of gender equality in the global sustainable development agenda. Leading gender scientists from academic structures and the university science presented their informative reports, which reflect the deep connection with the Russian historical and national context of the state of gender, as well as taking into account the international experience of gender studies. The participants were particularly interested in the topics of national mechanisms for gender equality, gender characteristics of the power political perception in various historical epochs, the socio-economic status of Russian women as a factor of demographic development, the transformation of subjective characteristics and gender aspects of modern migration processes. The work was carried out within the framework of the RSUH project “Gender Studies as an interdisciplinary academic basis for effective scientific communication in modern social sciences and humanities”
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Kliuchnyk, Ruslan M. „SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING ENGLISH“. Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 2, Nr. 22 (2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2021-2-22-23.
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The article considers some aspects of the use of social and political discourse in teaching English. In the article, social and political discourse means all the messages that are related to social and political issues. The new trends of modern media development are considered. Some aspects of use of mass media in education have been considered. In particular, special attention has been paid to the main peculiarities of mass media as a source of educational content. The didactic potential of newspapers, radio, television and the Internet have been shown. It has been demonstrated that the use of politically charged lexicon (not only politically correct words and expressions but also pejorative once) broadens students` outlook and trains them to work in different social and political conditions. For example, euphemisms should be used in the modern political communication in order to avoid conflicts. It has been proved that newspaper texts can help us study history of the countries of the languages being learnt. The difference between the quality press and tabloids has been explained. A table of headlines is given to illustrate historical events in the USA and the world. The activity of English mass media in facilitating English learning has been considered. It has been demonstrated that some materials issued by the BBC are aimed at familiarizing the audience with the English language. E.g., the English Express project contains video materials and some brief data about the English grammar as well as tests. The author has emphasized that media often contain wrong, biased or fake information. Fake news is considered as a threat to the stability of communication. It is shown that the students should try to verify all the messages they use in their activities. All types of communication on the Internet and wherever else should meet both legislation and ethical principles. Special attention is paid to blogs as alternative sources of information. The authors of blogs express different opinions and they do not have to follow any editorial lines. It has been shown that working with webpages increases the level of media literacy of the students. Special attention is paid to the sources created intentionally for language exchange, e.g. Interpals and Duolingo. It is underlined that the students should not only perceive but also create media content. The use of Facebook, Youtube, Wikipedia, Livejournal etc. can facilitate the publication of the students` achievements. The author has paid attention to activities that can be done using media materials, e.g. project work, simulations and others.
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Rusinova, Nadezhda G. „EVOLVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHEBOKSARY HPP: TO THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE“. Historical Search 1, Nr. 3 (21.12.2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-3-75-80.
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The article presents an overview of research and social-political literature on evolvement and development of Cheboksary hydroelectric power plant. The authors carried out the analysis of scientific papers and publications using such scientific methods as system analysis, logical and structural research. The content of the article considers two periods in the historiography of the topic, each of which has its own peculiarities. The first period is mainly characterized by social-political literature. Publications are devoted to the grandeur of Cheboksary HPP construction. Particular attention is paid to the works, which were published by immediate participants of construction of the hydro-engineering complex. Historiography of this period mainly notes positive aspects of construction, negative aspects are either disregarded or considered insignificantly. The second period is characterized mainly by publications in periodicals. They are observed to contain more critical statements about the state of the hydroelectric power plant and Cheboksary reservoir. Articles about the difficulties in development of the hydro-engineering complex are analyzed. At this time studies of representatives of natural and technical sciences start to be published. They are devoted mainly to problems related to the rise of the water level in Cheboksary reservoir to the design mark. The analysis of publications on the ecological state of the flooding zone and hydrogeological survey of the hydro-engineering complex is also presented.
The study makes it possible to state that the historical aspect of Cheboksary HPP evolvement and development in historiography has been studied extremely insufficiently. Most sources are marked by a departmental focus, journalistic character and a weak documentary base. The results of the review showed that there are no complex studies on the history of implementing the hydroelectric power plant construction in domestic historiography. The materials of the article can be used for further research of this topic, as well as when writing regional natural history works.
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Sekulic, Nada. „Gender aspects of public urban space: Analysis of the names of Belgrade streets“. Sociologija 56, Nr. 2 (2014): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1402125s.
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The street city network and the street names represent structural public symbolic system which is characterized by readability. This readability gives identity; the city is clearly divided in significant and less significant zones used for different purposes with different levels of communicativity. It is explicitly connected with public memory evocation-with collective memory and the state ideology. Having that in mind, the names of streets in Belgrade given by female names will be analyzed. It is analyzed how it is in structural manner the street network in Belgrade on symbolic level (through the names of streets and their distribution in the street network structure) expresses gender based distribution of power in the public space-using relation between the center and periphery in certain municipalities and the city as a whole. Investigating different city zones, it can be showed ?rationalization of political domination? - the parts of the city where the residencies of foreign countries, embassies and consulates are situated, representative and private, as well as zones which belong to different social stratums - higher and lower layers, which are also the zones of different communicative capacity (determinated by the structure of street network). This analysis clearly points out on distinctive, even though implicitly inherited difference in power distribution and gender based standings in social organization of the space. Streets which got the name by women are very few and they occupy marginal positions in the street network structure - they are mostly peripheral, smaller streets, which are in high percent dead end streets. In the same time, the dynamics of the change of the street names in the last decade is not in favor of the names from National Liberation Army (NOB). Street name change affirms historical females characters from XIX century, expressing on the direct way the ideological change and the need of classes and stratums which tend to establish their social position today and their influence on the changing the view on history in order to consolidate their own legitimization.
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Kalaitzake, Manolis. „Structural Power without the Structure: A Class-Centered Challenge to New Structural Power Formulations“. Politics & Society 50, Nr. 4 (02.11.2022): 655–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00323292221126801.
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This article argues for the utility in conceiving of two distinctive approaches to the structural power of finance—New Structural Power (NSP) and Traditional Structural Power (TSP). While both are crucial to political economy scholarship, this article highlights the intellectual trade-off that is inherent to the adoption of one perspective over the other, and it stresses the explanatory advantages of the TSP perspective specifically. First, it shows how the TSP framework can facilitate an understanding of when policymaker ideas do and do not matter in the exercise of structural power, retaining the concept of “automaticity” in structural power operations. Second, it demonstrates how each framework is custom-built to explain substantively different aspects of the policy process, with TSP research aimed at system-oriented limitation mechanisms and NSP research aimed at agent-oriented selection mechanisms. Third, it contends that TSP formulations must be embedded within a model of (contradictory) functional explanation, which is the best way to gain empirical traction on the most important macrostructural developments in contemporary finance-led capitalism. Methodologically, this implies an agenda of “explanation through commonalities” rather than the NSP-favored “explanation through variation.”
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Kleinman, Arthur, Peter Benson und Paul Farmer. „Power and Human Rights: The Political, Moral and Global Context of Health and Social Reform“. Hastings Center Report 34, Nr. 2 (März 2004): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3527685.
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Suteanu, Cristian. „Complexity, Science and the Public“. Theory, Culture & Society 22, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2005): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276405057196.
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This article addresses complexity by selecting some of its key aspects that share a common feature: the power to change. They seem to change not only the way the world is approached by scientists, but also the way this approach, the resulting perspectives and their multiple relationships, are interpreted. These main aspects are: (1) the challenge of measurability, with an unexpected result that escapes the gravitational field of the measurability problem; (2) the meaning of reproducibility and the redrawn boundaries of scientific inquiry, with implications for the social sciences; (3) the altered expectations concerning prediction, which seem to break with a glorious tradition of unquestioned technological success; and (4) the discovery of all-embracing patterns of events that unavoidably include large events, possibly perceived as ‘crises’, which one may hope to understand and confront, rather than rule out. The resulting geography, with its new landmarks, new relationships among its elements and new means of orientation, is expected to reach the public sooner or later, even if the effect – according to complexity theory itself – cannot be foreseen in detail. All these fibres of change are considered in the context of a fresh meaning of time and of a topology dominated by network concepts.
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Khachaturyan, Nina. „Phenomenon of “Publicity” in the State as in the Higher Form of Political Organization in Medieval Europe“. ISTORIYA 13, Nr. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018999-7.
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The article is concern with functional analysis of medieval “publicity” as a phenomenon. “Publicity” is presented as an integral part of the medieval statehood in Western Europe and its functional processes. This stage and form of the state building in contemporary historiography is closely associated with the concept of Etat Moderne. The phenomenon of “publicity” is examined in its two fundamental aspects. The first aspect is defined by medieval potestary polycentrism. The second aspect is underlined by practices and ideas of medieval parliamentarism. Actually in historical knowledge “publicity” is percepted as a key frame for existing communities with its legal and customary norms. The article defines «publicity» as a substantial principle of “person-society” dilemma. The author looks at phenomenon of publicity not only as a crucial factor which defines main developments of the medieval statehood but also as a particular stimulus which shapes main vectors of institutional dynamics. The scope and subsequent capacity of such a dynamics tends to increase while institutionalized power is growthing. The transformation of the medieval power institutions spreads under direct influence of complexifying dialogue of the supreme power with different social groups.
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Cubitt, Sean. „Electric Light and Electricity“. Theory, Culture & Society 30, Nr. 7-8 (07.10.2013): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276413501345.
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This paper argues that cultural analyses of electric light, including aspects of actor-network theory, may raise the spectre of complexity, but do not do it justice when they omit to provide analysis of the intertwined roles of culture and political economy in the formation of the provision and use of electric light. The essay looks at the marketization of electric power, at outages in the eastern and western US megacities, at the collapse of the public utility model and chaotic implementation of market models in Mumbai, Lagos and other poor megacities, and concludes that while theft of power provides a temporary solution, abandoning centralized market models in favour of microgrids is the only sure way to return agency to slum dwellers.
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Basu, Arabinda. „Power-in- use: Secular and Sacred Aspects“. Journal of Human Values 6, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2000): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097168580000600207.
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Brillo, Bing Baltazar C. „Government, Premier Leader and Small Lakes’ People Vis-a-Vis Lake Governance“. Social Sciences 11, Nr. 4 (06.04.2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040165.
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Small lakes within social sciences’ conceptualisation are mostly wanting, less anchored and seldom scrutinised in academic literature as opposed to large lakes and natural sciences. Essentially, small lakes, from a social sciences’ perspective, are about people connecting and enhancing through lake governance. Thus, the main argument is that a small lake’s people must accept, broaden and elevate the prospect of lake governance by focusing on and embracing the central concepts of government—the most compulsory and crucial constituent—as well as premier leader—the most pre-eminent and imperative function. Accordingly, lake governance refers to engaging with and intervening in the collective people of a small lake, to undertake economic development, pursue ecological conservation and manage government. Government refers to steering a small lake’s people towards emphasising executive authority and decision-making power, whether through solutions, policies, regulations and/or implementations. The premier leader refers to the person presiding over a small lake’s people in the critical aspects of resoluteness—in establishing and sustaining the rules—and decisiveness—in settling and determining a community’s issues. Overall, as small lakes’ people are political, lake governance is consequential, and a government/premier leader is evidently the most efficacious outcome, whether for addressing problems, choosing decisions or ameliorating society.
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Merino-Sancho, Victor. „Cartography of Critical Legal Theories: Notes for a Reflection on the Relation between Law and Power“. Age of Human Rights Journal, Nr. 16 (14.06.2021): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v16.6040.
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This paper proposes an identification of the main arguments suggested by certain critical theories concerning the relationship between law and power. In order to (re)think the function of law as an instrument not only of power, but as an element of social transformation, we promote here a reflection on aspects raised by these theories; among others, the same notion of power, oppression, intersectionality or decoloniality. These categories are relevant to examine how law regulates the experiences of discrimination of specific social groups, highlighting the intimate relationship between the social contexts, the premises and the legal answers. To do so, we examine in particular how asylum law responds to claims grounded on sexual orientation and gender identity. Finally, this reasoning suggests a conception of law oriented to action and the social change.
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Capillé, Cauê. „Political Interiors: The Case of Public Libraries“. Space and Culture 21, Nr. 4 (03.11.2017): 408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331217739825.
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Political and cultural agendas determine the programs of public libraries, implying complex and often conflicting requirements in terms of their functioning. On one hand, they intend to materialize a political discourse of open and equal access to knowledge. On the other, they have functional and epistemological needs that might restrict or condition the distribution and access of books, equipment, and people. This article looks at how space, program, and use interrelate in the emergence of public libraries as a building type, focusing on how they express an intended public message and fulfil specific social and cultural effects. It is argued that each of these three aspects underpins power relations in libraries. By embedding an epistemology of science, space also embeds social and cultural hierarchies. Through defining an educational agenda for public libraries, program endorses the idea that citizenship depends on instruction and literacy, implying technocracy. Finally, by becoming collective under the frames of space and program, use materializes the idea of a “self-regulated society,” which embeds a twofold process: to be regulated by all others and to engage in a process of participatory action and regulation. The article reviews the literature on the historical emergence of public libraries and recommends that studies of contemporary libraries should consider how this building type originally framed social relationships through its architecture, materializing specific ideologies of politics and culture.
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Zschock, Dieter K. „Medical Care Under Social Insurance in Latin America“. Latin American Research Review 21, Nr. 1 (1986): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100021889.
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Social insurance entitlements represent one of the more controversial aspects of social sector development in Latin America. The most comprehensive critique of social security views the system's coverage and organization as a reflection of the region's social stratification (Mesa-Lago 1978). According to this view, power groups in public administration, private industry, and labor unions exercise control over the organization and financing of sickness, invalidity, and pension funds, and they seek to restrict benefits to their respective memberships. The noninsured lack market power and political organization because of their low levels of human resources development and lack of social cohesion. Mesa-Lago's critique may be more justified for the lower-income than for the higher-income countries in Latin America, however, at least regarding medical care, which is the system's largest single entitlement program in most Latin American countries.
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OSBORN, RONALD. „Noam Chomsky and the realist tradition“. Review of International Studies 35, Nr. 2 (April 2009): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210509008559.
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AbstractThis article examines the assumptions that underlie Noam Chomsky's politics and argues that his analysis of US foreign policy since World War II may best be situated within the realist tradition in international relations. Chomsky's left realism has not been adequately understood or addressed by IR scholars for both political and disciplinary reasons. In opposition to most classical realists, he has insisted that intellectuals should resist rather than serve national power interests. In contrast to most political scientists, he has also refused to theorize, critiquing much of the enterprise of social science in terms of what he sees as highly suspect power interests within the academy. Hostility to Chomsky's normative commitments has consequently prevented IR scholars from discerning key aspects of his project, as well as important historical and theoretical continuities between radical and realist thought.
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Nagy, Gyula. „Environmental Justice and its geographical aspects in Hungary“. Tér és Társadalom 35, Nr. 4 (06.12.2021): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.35.4.3373.
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In recent decades, environmental justice has become a defining concept in socio-spatial inequality research, political debates, and activism. Environmental justice research, which is essentially based on theories of social and spatial justice and providesa normative framework for thinking, focuses on the unequal distribution of environmental harms and risks and their social consequences. Environmental justice research aims to explore the economic, social, health, and legal differences that individuals and groups face in their environment as a result of environmental processes, decision making, power relations, and law enforcement practices. This is largely related to the subjective perception of individuals and the perception of injustices by different actors. In the vast majority of environmental justice studies, spatiality provides a framework for interpreting and understanding environmentally unjust situations and processes. Environmental justice is therefore not only a natural, but also a socially dependent phenomenon, in which the key element is nevertheless the non-human factor (e.g. environmental events such as floods), which affects individuals and groups indifferent ways. As a result, an environmentally unjust state and situation may occur. The evolved injustices also interact with inherited spatial inequalities, existing socioeconomic systems, and the institutional structures that originally shape them. This paper summarizes the theoretical framework of environmental justice in geography and spatial sciences. The study adapts the theory of justice to post-socialist and Hungarian specificities and forms of environmental injustice, and examines decision-making processes and the perception of risks. In Hungary social problems and differences have been increasing in recent decades, and marginalisation and polarisation processes have added new spatial patterns to existing inequalities, directly and indirectly affecting environmental processes as well. Attempts at eliminating environmental injustices have resulted in new injustices, or deepened existing ones, due to the lack of a complex socio-environmental spatial approach of interventions. The solution to these injustices presupposes the effective and meaningful involvement of the affected people in policy-making and implementation processes, regardless of gender, age, origin, identity, or income. Otherwise, the unjust situation will persist and crisis areas affected by environmental injustices may develop.
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Konopelkina, Olena, Victoriia Yashkina, Iryna Bezrodnykh, Nataliia Polishko und Veronika Haidar. „Linguistic and Cognitive Features of English-Language Political Discourse“. Studies in Media and Communication 10, Nr. 3 (17.12.2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v10i3.5840.
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The relevance of the study lies in the fact that pluralism, dialogism, and a new model of political communication have forced a change in the way power communicates with society. Nudity, formulaic newspeak has been replaced by expressive texts subordinated to the function of persuasion. Nevertheless, there are many publications in the scientific literature describing the shortcomings of contemporary English-language political messages. Political discourse has been accused of vulgarity, banality, and arbitrary presentation of reality, bias, use of templates and stereotypes, excessive aggressiveness and incorrectness. There are various forms of public discourse characteristic of democracy, which are characterised by certain constant features. Political discourse has its characteristics. Each political environment develops certain kinds of communication under the influence of relevant experiences. Discourse is one of those concepts in the social sciences characterised by exceptional terminological confusion. This is because it is an area of interest of different methodological sciences. Based on English-language studies of the phenomenon, the term is also the result of a clash of linguistic traditions with a more recent English-language understanding. Discourse analysis becomes an attempt to remedy the shortcomings of the linguistic and cognitive aspects, consisting in studying language in isolation from practical human experience and trying to find internal structures and dependencies in a language only in a theoretical dimension, on imagined examples. Its axioms include language as a holistic system integrated with the speaker's knowledge of the world and society. This system has to be described in linguistic, cognitive, and social terms, together with the conditions in which the speaker uses it during the discourse. The practical significance lies in identifying the linguistic and cognitive features of English-language political discourse.
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Trevithick, Alan. „Some Structural and Sequential Aspects of the British Imperial Assemblages at Delhi:1877–1911“. Modern Asian Studies 24, Nr. 3 (Juli 1990): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010465.
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Three great Durbars, royal assemblages, were staged in Delhi by the Government of British India, in 1877, 1903, and 1911. These are particularly interesting as examples of explicitly political rituals, their purpose being to legitimate and popularize British rule in India. The rituals would therefore exemplify, for many social theorists, a form of political manipulation which employs symbolic action as an adjunct to raw force. Yet, while many anthropologists, at least, would reject, in favor of an analysis which addresses the political aspirations of ritual manipulators, any unreconstructed Durkheimian paradigm that would equate ritual acts with social consensus (Moore and Myerhoff, 1975:9), many would also reject, as Tambiah has, the notion that ritual, by nature, constitutes a ‘diabolical smokescreen.’ The more useful approach, in Tambiah's view, is that ritual is ‘an ideological and aesthetic social construction that is directly and recursively implicated in the expression, realization, and exercise of power.’ (Tambiah, 1979: 153)1 shall be working with a similar theoretical point of view and not, largely, with the opposed view that the ritual form is merely a strategy employed by manipulative agents to perpetuate, in Bloch's words, an ‘institutionalized hierarchy’ or ‘legitimate order of inequality.’ (Bloch, 1977:289)