Bücher: „Potentiel de situation“

1

Timsina, Jagadisg. Rice-maize systems in Asia: Current situation and potential. Metro Manila, Philippines: IRRI, 2011.

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2

Ketilson, Lou Hammond. A report on aboriginal co-operatives in Canada: Current situation and potential for growth. Saskatoon: Centre for the Study of Co-operatives, University of Saskatchewan, 2001.

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3

Bibby, Reginald Wayne. Mosaic madness: The poverty and potential of life in Canada. Toronto: Stoddart, 1990.

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4

1944-, Yılmaz Bahri, Hrsg. Actual situation and prospects of Turkey's bilateral relations with Egypt: Potential and future co-operation. Ankara: Bilkent University and Friedrich-Naumann-Foundation in Turkey, 1994.

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5

Rother, D. World shipbuilding outlook until 1995: Building potential and competitive situation, demand and production scenarios up to1995. Bremen: Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics, 1986.

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6

Howard, Alan. Cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) blooms in the UK: A review of the current situation and potential management options. Reading: University of Reading Department of Geography, 1995.

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7

Hashim, Muhsin Abdalla. Situation and potentials of improving smallholder farming systems in semi-arid areas in Western Sudan: A case study of Umruwaba District. Kiel: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1995.

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8

United States. Dept. of Education., Hrsg. Information on potential overpayment situations in the federal Pell Grant program due to student attendance at more than one institution during an academic year. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Education, 1994.

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9

Packevich, Alla. Architecture of Evolution. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079356.

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The monograph, on the one hand, examines the period of development of the descending cycle of evolution and the associated progressive changes that show the irreversibility of the processes of formation of the planetary system. The end of one cycle and the beginning of another leads to the transformation of the system of life and the expansion of consciousness at a new energy level. On the other hand, the questions of potential opportunities for the development of the ascending phase of evolution, which goes both along the path of complexity of the organization and along the path of diversity, are considered. In the ascending evolutionary stream, what has been differentiated into the corresponding levels in the descending cycle is brought together and thus prepared to enter into new, more perfect forms of unity. It is shown that the development of humanity along its entire path depends on the interaction of energies of various forms and potentials. Understanding the relationships between different types of energy and their use provides insight into many important issues in the evolution of society. The material introduces the modern features of the existence of the male and female sexes from the energy point of view. The idea of a way out of the current conflict situation that has arisen between the sexes at the present stage of evolution is proposed. It will be useful for those interested in the problems of scientific knowledge, architects, philosophers,historians, physicists and methodologists of science, students and students of secondary schools.

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10

Schulz, Christian M. Situation Awareness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0007.

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In anesthesia, situation awareness (SA) represents the degree to which an anesthetist perceives the information in her or his environment, comprehends the patient’s situation, and projects the patient’s situation into the future. There are three levels of SA: perception, comprehension, and projection. After perception, basic information has to be integrated, and several cognitive mechanisms enable correct, complete, and quick development of SA. These processes require long-term memory content such as mental models, similar (prototypical) situations that have been experienced earlier, automaticity, and medical knowledge including guidelines and algorithms. Several tools have the potential to provide qualitative and quantitative assessment of SA in anesthesia, including goal-directed task analysis (GDTA) and SA error taxonomy. In this chapter, the role of SA in anesthesia is illustrated, and factors are described that have the potential for either enhancing or hindering the development of adequate SA.

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11

Patten, Pramilla. Unlocking the Potential of CEDAW as an Important Accountability Tool for the Women, Peace and Security Agenda. Herausgegeben von Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes und Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.14.

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This chapter explores the application of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) to conflict and post-conflict contexts as detailed in General Recommendation 30. It examines the implications of CEDAW and General Recommendation 30 on gender-based violence, the trafficking of women, the situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees, women’s participation, and women’s access to health, education, employment, and justice. It also focuses on CEDAW’s reporting procedure, and suggests that this tool be utilized more effectively to address women’s situations in conflict and post-conflict situations. The chapter also examines the Optional Protocol to CEDAW as an accountability tool. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of CEDAW acting in synergy with the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda.

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12

Wortley, Richard. Child Sexual Abuse and Opportunity. Herausgegeben von Gerben J. N. Bruinsma und Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.29.

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Explanations of child sex abuse typically focus on the offenders’ presumed pathological dispositions that are seen to drive their offending behavior, and pay little attention to the role played by opportunity and other situational factors. It is argued in this chapter that child sexual abuse, like all behavior, is the product of a person-situation interaction and as such can be analysed using the theories and approaches of environmental criminology. Child sexual abuse is found to occur in contexts where potential victims can be easily accessed and where personal, social, situational, and legal controls over potential offenders are weak. Establishing a situational basis for child sexual abuse opens the way for the application of situational crime prevention strategies to create safer places for children.

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13

Goldstone, Karen E. Principles and control methods. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0006.

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Justification, optimization, and limitation are the three underlying principles of good radiation protection. This chapter considers how these principles apply in a variety of exposure situations. Risk-based application of the principles results in control methods comprising control over areas, control over people, and control over radiation sources. These are implemented through judgements based on the use of dose limits, dose constraints, and application of the ALARA principle. Potential dose levels and possible control measures appropriate to each situation are reviewed and evaluated in risk assessments prior to work being undertaken.

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14

Ssenyonjo, Manisuli. The Implementation of the Proprio Motu Authority of the Prosecutor in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810568.003.0003.

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The chapter argues that some of the criticism against the use of proprio motu powers is justified, particularly in respect of selectivity, given that other situations outside Africa were not investigated in equal manner. Equally, the evidence by which the Prosecutor initiated proprio motu prosecutions was generally weak and, despite some dissenting voices, it was never turned down by the ICC’s pre-trial chambers. This is particularly interesting if one considers that the situation in Kenya, at least, was politically charged. Although the chapter largely discusses the legal contours of the Prosecutor’s proprio motu powers and their application in the two African situations, it also assesses the impact of these prosecutions on local proceedings and the potential for suffocating the investigated nations’ relations with the ICC. To avoid similar conflicts in the future, the author argues that the politicization of prosecutorial discretion could be assessed by considering comparable situations in which the Prosecutor is not attempting to proceed.

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15

Actual situation and prospects of Turkey's bilateral relations with Israel: Potential and opportunities : [conference]. Ankara: Türkiye Esnaf-Sanatkar ve Küçük Sanayi Araştırma Enstitüsü, 1992.

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16

Russian Military Forecasting and Analysis: The Military-Political Situation and Military Potential in Strategic Planning. RAND Corporation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr-a198-4.

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17

Lilly, Bilyana, Eugeniu Han, Alyssa Demus, Krystyna Marcinek und Clint Reach. Russian Military Forecasting and Analysis: The Military-Political Situation and Military Potential in Strategic Planning. RAND Corporation, The, 2022.

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18

Dembitzer, Nell. Guide to Toddler Parenting : Essential Strategies to Nurture Your Child's Potential: Children's Social Situations Books. Independently Published, 2021.

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19

Siddayao, Corazón Morales. off-Shore Petroleum Resources of South-East Asia: Potential Conflict Situations and Related Economic Considerations. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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20

Beed, Martin, Richard Sherman und Ravi Mahajan. Communication and organ donation. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696277.003.0016.

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Breaking bad newsReferral to the coronerThe potential organ donorCommunication with patients and their relatives should be part of ongoing care, and should, where possible, be provided at regular intervals or whenever the clinical situation changes.Given the severity of illness and high probability of death of patients requiring critical care, communicating bad news with patients and/or their families is a common occurrence. Breaking bad news can be difficult and distressing for all concerned. Where possible, the breaking of bad news should be led by a consultant who has received training in how to do this, but the speed with which patients deteriorate may mean that this is not possible, and what follows is a simplified template for ensuring that this is done as professionally as possible. It may need to be adapted for certain situations and according to the individuals involved....

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21

Hicks, Michael, und Christian Asplund. Situations of Too Extreme Difficulty: 1951–1959. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037061.003.0002.

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This chapter chronicles Wolff's compositional period from his entry into Harvard in 1951 to his inadvertent entry into military service in 1959. During this time, all but one of Wolff's surviving compositions were piano pieces—seven works in which he moved from Cageian gamuts and prepared piano to utterly new configurations of musical materials and composer–performer relationships, though still generally within Cageian overall forms. To write for piano—Wolff's own instrument—fostered innovation and evolution, since it relieved him of the need to manipulate instrumental timbres. At the same time, he had not only himself as a potential player, but also Cage and, more important, Cage's friend David Tudor, whose superb technical skills, severe discipline, and zeal for the newest and opaquest music had become the New York School's virtuoso ace in the hole.

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22

Jorge, April, und Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman. Management of special situations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739180.003.0009.

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In caring for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there are several important treatment considerations. Since many patients with SLE are female and of childbearing potential, it is important to address conception planning, contraceptive options, and the maternal and fetal risks associated with pregnancy, which are increased when there is higher SLE disease activity. It is also pertinent to address medication safety issues throughout pregnancy and lactation, as some commonly used medications can increase risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, patients with SLE are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. Therefore, these patients must undergo aggressive risk factor modification. Patients with SLE are also at increased risk for osteoporosis, and bone health is an important treatment consideration. Routine cancer screening and vaccinations are also important elements of the comprehensive treatment of the patient with SLE.

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23

Jacob, Brett R. A microeconomic study of the interdependence of players and participating agents in a potential game situation withinthe electricity supply industry. 1995.

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24

Behrens, Paul. The Personal Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents in Emergency Situations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795940.003.0006.

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Personal inviolability is one of the oldest rights of diplomatic agents and is often considered to be at the root of diplomatic immunity. The wording it received in the Vienna Convention does not allow for any exceptions. But the absolute nature of the right can lead to difficulties—especially in situations in which diplomats themselves cause a danger to the general public or particular individuals. This chapter explores potential inroads under international law into the concept of inviolability and thus discusses the applicability of self-defence, necessity, and distress in situations of emergency. It also raises the question whether the human right to life imposes certain obligations on the receiving State which are capable of limiting diplomatic inviolability. In a concluding section, the chapter reflects on the justifications which are particularly likely to carry validity in situations marked by a need to deal with dangers arising from diplomatic actions.

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25

Müller, Ralf, Nathalie Drouin und Shankar Sankaran. Balanced Leadership. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076122.001.0001.

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This book describes balanced leadership in projects. Based on an award winning global program of research studies on leadership reality in projects, this book shows that leadership changes constantly and is not as static as existing literature may suggests. Instead, leadership in projects is dynamically shifted between project managers, individual team members, and subteams, all balanced in situational contingency. Their leadership may be exercised through a vertical, horizontal, shared, or distributed leadership approach. However, it is balanced leadership that ensures the best suitable leadership approach is used in any given situation. For that, the book presents a project-specific leadership approach called horizontal leadership, a theory of balanced leadership, and the five building blocks that enable balanced leadership. These are nomination of team members, identification of potential leaders, selection and empowerment of leaders, empowered leadership and its governance, as well as leadership transition. Emphasis is also given to the coordination of these building blocks through the socio-cognitive space, shared by project manager and team. The book finishes with three real-life case studies that exemplify how balanced leadership unfolds in projects.

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26

Decoeur, Henri. The Potential Role of the UN Security Council in the Suppression of State Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 discusses the potential role of the UN Security Council in the suppression of state organized crime. It suggests that in situations involving armed violence or a terrorist threat, state organized crime can be characterized as a threat to the peace, which opens the door for the adoption by the Security Council of coercive measures under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. It proposes that the Security Council require UN member states to establish state organized crime as a criminal offence in their domestic law and to cooperate to bring offenders to justice. It also proposes that the Security Council require member states to freeze the assets owned by state officials suspected of being involved in state organized crime.

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27

Audet, Francis, und Benoit Dupont. Management : Exploiting the Potential of the Situation: The Teachings of the Classical the Art of War Applied to the Optimization of Today's Management. Independently Published, 2020.

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28

Veugelers, John W. P. Empire's Legacy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190875664.001.0001.

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Building on the idea of latent political potential, this book offers an alternative interpretation of the contemporary far right. Its main thesis is that relations between colonizers and colonized implanted a legacy that, under certain conditions, translated into support for the far right in France. To make this argument, the book offers a model for the study of political potentials that combines a situational approach to identity relations, a networks approach to subcultural practice, and a historical approach to political opportunity. The early part of this book traces the origins and development of this potential among the European settlers of French Algeria. The middle part examines its transmission via voluntary associations and its channeling into mainstream parties. The latter part examines the conditions under which this potential redirected into the far right. Starting with colonial Algeria, after independence in 1962 the book moves between politics at three levels: France, the southeast region, and Toulon (which in 1995 became the largest city in postwar Europe to elect a far-right administration). Complementing economic explanations for nativism, this book argues that our understanding of modernity errs when it disregards the potency of anachronistic remnants.

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29

Buciuceanu-Vrabie, Mariana. The Active Ageing Index in the Republic of Moldova, 2020. INCE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cdr.2021.978-9975-3486-3-8.

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In 2020, the Active Ageing Index (AAI) for the Republic of Moldova scored 28.7 points out of 100, registering a slight increase compared with the first estimates of the Index made in 2016 (27.1 points). However, the general situation of the population improved modestly – over the past five years less than 1/3 of the human potential aged 55+ is enabled and has opportunities to have an active and healthy ageing.

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30

Haroyan, Nelly. Psychological Self-Regulation. YSU Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/ysuph/9785808426146.

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This manual is aimed at obtaining knowledge about various psychophysiological and biochemical changes that occur in humans under stress, as well as at assessing, preventing and regulating emotional and mental stress in difficult adverse situations. The manual will help with introspection, building up psychological potential, for recovery and physical balancing, the acquisition of psychological and psychophysiological knowledge and skills in various situations. The manual is intended for teachers, students and a wide range of people who are interested in stress management, various psychophysiological scientific approaches to this issue, as well as skills and methods of self-regulation.

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31

Macauley, Robert C. Overview of Ethical Approaches (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0002.

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While there exists significant disagreement among bioethicists as to the appropriate course of action in specific cases, there is actually general agreement about how to approach ethical dilemmas. This involves classifying the nature of the dilemma, reviewing existing information, acquiring additional information, analyzing the issue from multiple viewpoints, and formulating a response in light of potential criticisms. Potential analytic viewpoints include principlism, consequentialism, virtue ethics, casuistry, narrative ethics, and the ethics of care. When a clear resolution is not possible, ideally the situation can be temporized or clearly unacceptable options—including rationing at the bedside—eliminated, in the hopes of further resolution eventually occurring.

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32

Werth, James L. The Duty to Protect. Herausgegeben von Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.38.

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The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an introduction to the issue of theduty to protectas it applies to situations involving clients who may pose a potential harm to others or possible harm to themselves. Two famous court cases are used to introduce the material. In addition to reviewing basic legal, regulatory, and ethical principles, the chapter contains information on standard and atypical kinds of duty to protect situations, identifies assessment and intervention considerations, and provides resources for more information. After reading the chapter, professionals should have a clearer picture of what to do when faced with clients who may harm themselves or others.

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33

Orkaby, Asher. Yemen. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190932268.001.0001.

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This book provides a broad-ranging, historical overview of Yemen and its peoples that focuses in particular on the contemporary situation. It covers the country's major political figures and ethnic groups, explaining the origins of each and their impact on contemporary national politics. Throughout, the book discusses tribalism, religious dynamics, regional identities, Yemen's African and Jewish minorities, and the social impact of the Arab Spring on the country's women and youth. It also offers readers a window into Yemen's rich past: its archaeological treasures, its ancient economic prosperity, and its tribal and religious history. In addition, the book looks to Yemen's future, identifying potential avenues through which Yemen can use its promising geographic location, natural resources, and economic potential to achieve stability.

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34

Goodin, Robert E., und Kai Spiekermann. Institutional Aids to Epistemic Success. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823452.003.0018.

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This chapter considers how representative democracy can be arranged in ways that positively enhance its epistemic performance. We look, first, at mechanisms to make the decision situation more truth-conducive: finding better or removing confusing alternatives, and improving the evidence base. Second, independence can be enhanced by secret ballots, public campaign funding, public broadcasting, and promoting diverse and multiple opinion leadership. Third, individual or collective competence can be strengthened, though we caution that these mechanisms are of limited potential. A final set of mechanisms promoting better epistemic performance do so by increasing sincerity.

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35

Mohamed M, El Zeidy. Part II The Relationship to Domestic Jurisdictions, 8 Ad Hoc Declarations of Acceptance of Jurisdiction: The Palestinian Situation under Scrutiny. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0008.

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Article 12(3) of the ICC Statute enables a non-State Party to the Statute which has a direct link to the crimes to consent to the Court’s exercise of jurisdiction on an ad hoc basis and subject to the conditions provided for in Article 12(2). This chapter examines the background and implications of the different ad hoc declarations of acceptance lodged by Palestine as of 2009. It discusses issues related to authority, scope, retroactivity, and withdrawal of declarations, and options of review by the Pre-Trial Chamber. It analyses the approach of the OTP to the declaration made on 22 January 2009, and issues related to the subsequent declarations. It argues that the experience of Palestine before the Court provides an incentive to rethink of more productive ways to respond to potential future declarations lodged by entities with controversial status under international law.

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36

DiNella, Jeannine, und Terri Kress. Communication and Coordination of Care (DRAFT). Herausgegeben von Raghavan Murugan und Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0033.

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Rapid response teams (RRTs) are complex with various team members and thus accurate communication is important to minimize error. The concept of team effort and delegation/sharing of responsibilities during a medical crisis should be present from the onset. As more responders arrive at the scene, the situation has the potential to become disorganized without consistent communication and leadership. By identifying specific roles and responsibilities, promoting use of good communication skills during crisis and practicing effective team work will help to minimize error. In this chapter, we review the communication and coordination skills required before, during, and after the activation of an RRT.

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37

Schomberg, Lucy, und Nick Maskell. Water on the lung: a rare cause of a transudative effusion and new options for palliation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0016.

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Pleural effusions are very common in clinical practice and can be notoriously difficult to diagnose and a real challenge to manage. There is a large amount of literature on malignant effusions, but no clear guidelines on managing refractory non-malignant pleural effusions. This case examines a rarer cause of a transudative effusion, focussing on the route to diagnosis. The emergence of thoracic ultrasound, in light of the National Patient Safety Agency report in 2008, and the increased safety are reviewed, and, in addition, the options for management are considered, including the tunnelled pleural catheter as a potential long-term solution in this challenging situation.

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38

Morgan Wortham, Simon. Impossible Divisions: Fanon, Hegel and Psychoanalysis. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429603.003.0002.

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This chapter concentrates on Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks, where the Hegelian theme of mutual recognition as the origin of man’s self-consciousness and potential freedom is tested against the complex circumstances of colonialism. Fanon’s idea that the ‘Negro slave’ is recognized by the ‘White Master’ in a situation that is ‘without conflict’ suggests a possibly double, or self-resistant, meaning: the colonial situation after slavery ushers in something like a phony war; but also colonialism’s historical interpretation is not exhausted by the Hegelian master-slave logic. Through this double possibility of the colonial, one wonders whether after Hegel it is historical interpretation or the historical process itself that has gone awry. Such dynamic tensions suggest an impossibly divided dialectics at work throughout Fanon’s corpus. The section of Fanon’s ‘The Negro and Recognition’ devoted to a critique of Adler points to an earlier footnote in Black Skin, White Masks which offers a lengthy engagement with Lacan, allowing us to reread the politics of racial difference into the scene of the Lacanian mirror-stage. Here, the resistant ‘other’ of psychoanalysis unlocks the possibility of another ‘politics’ capable of addressing, by better recognising, some of its most significant impasses.

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39

Saltzman, W. Mark. Drug Delivery. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.001.0001.

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Synthetic materials are a tremendous potential resource for treating human disease. For the rational design of many of these biomaterials it is necessary to have an understanding of polymer chemistry and polymer physics. Equally important to those two fields is a quantitative understanding of the principles that govern rates of drug transport, reaction, and disappearance in physiological and pathological situations. This book is a synthesis of these principles, providing a working foundation for those in the field of drug delivery. It covers advanced drug delivery and contemporary biomaterials.

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40

Succi, Sauro. Generalized Hydrodynamics Beyond Navier–Stokes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0006.

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The work of Chapman and Enskog opened a long period, lasting about three decades, in which most of the activity in kinetic theory was directed to the computation of the transport coefficients for different types of intermolecular potentials. Seeking the solution of the full Boltzmann equation itself was not much in focus, mostly on account of its daunting complexity. This situation took a sharp turn in 1949, with the publication of Harold Grad’s thesis. This Chapter presents the derivation of generalized hydrodynamics beyond the realm of the Navier-Stokes description, with special reference to Grad’s thirteen-moment formulation.

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41

Kallio, Alexis A., und Lauri Vakeva. Inclusive Popular Music Education? Herausgegeben von Fabian Holt und Antti-Ville Kärjä. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190603908.013.4.

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This chapter surveys the history of popular music education in Nordic countries and explores scenarios for possible interpretations, resulting in a rich and informed critique of the field. The chapter offers a comparative overview of approaches to popular music education in the Nordic countries, focusing on the rationales for including popular music in the curriculum. A dominant rationale has been that popular music has unique democratic potentials. The analysis brings nuance to the situation, arguing that popular music genres “are not necessarily democratic in and of themselves.” Popular music education policies can, in fact, be instruments of social exclusion.

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42

Solymosi, Reka, und Kate J. Bowers. The Role of Innovative Data Collection Methods in Advancing Criminological Understanding. Herausgegeben von Gerben J. N. Bruinsma und Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.35.

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Environmental criminology emphasizes the importance of situational factors associated with increased risk in terms of crime opportunities. One branch of research in this field is oriented toward strengthening the scientific approach to understanding the link between exposure to risk and crime. To achieve this, we need data about how potential victims and potential offenders spend their time, and what places they visit as part of their daily activities. This chapter lays out the potential of novel data sets and then considers in detail two of these new approaches. The first approach involves utilizing advances in technology and sensing to develop bespoke surveys created with specific research studies in mind. The second makes use of existing “big data” or “open-access data” sources on people’s everyday interactions with the environment, and combines multiple data sources to make inferences about routine activities and their link to perception of crime and place.

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43

Güzel, Selcen, Hrsg. Potenziale des Islam-Unterrichts. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956509629.

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In previous research on Islamic education, the students’ perspective has been largely neglected. Against this background, this study examines the religious attitudes of Muslim children and adolescents with regard to the potential of Islamic education in schools. It shows how Muslim students position themselves religiously and how they assess their basic knowledge and their ability to reflect. In addition, the author examines to what extent Islamic education offers a framework for their needs in life, how the students position themselves culturally and religiously, how they deal with conflict situations and experiences of exclusion, and what attitudes exist in dealing with diversity.

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Biscan, Benjamin, Sergio Pérez Monforte, Lars Schöbitz und Anthony Kilbride. SFD Promotion Initiative: Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003218.

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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation conditions, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city”. The production and publication of an SFD report for Cap-Haitien (Haiti) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places along the sanitation chain that need more attention, improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, and describes the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation and; iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.

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Madrigal Barquero, Diana, und Sergio Pérez Monforte. SFD Promotion Initative: Canton of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Herausgegeben von Lars Schöbitz. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003217.

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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing users and stakeholders with a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation condition, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city.” The production and publication of an SFD report for Alajuela (Costa Rica) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places of the sanitation chain that need more attention, thereby improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, also describing the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation; and iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.

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Kraemer, Oliver, und Timothée Fraisse. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0011.

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Medical or surgical interventions, requiring anaesthesia and/or analgesia, are frequent during various stages of pregnancy and lactation when the mother, the embryo/fetus, and the breastfeeding infant are vulnerable. Many physiological alterations occur during pregnancy, which might result in modified pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic drug profiles. These are often challenging situations for the treating physician who has to rely on scarce clinical or epidemiological data to support their prescriptions. This chapter reviews the underlying principles of pharmacology and related toxicity during pregnancy and lactation. It outlines current recommendations for most commonly used drugs in anaesthesia (i.e. local anaesthetics, hypnotics, opioids, and muscle relaxants) and pain relief (i.e. analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs). It should not be considered as an exhaustive description of the potential side effects nor should it be used as a prescription guide for specific clinical situations. When administering drugs to pregnant or lactating women, one should always refer to up-to-date best standard of care and review references, which should be clearly documented in the patient’s medical record, especially with respect to newly marketed compounds.

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Perez-Garcia, Gonzalo J. Ethics of Telepsychiatry. Herausgegeben von John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford und Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.40.

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Recent technological advances have led to the use of telemedicine as way to increase access to health care to those who have limited resources. Telepsychiatry, also called telemental health, involves the delivery of mental health care over long distances through the use of videoconferencing equipment. The increasing accessibility of broadband internet have allowed this technology to reach more parts of the world, while the increasing sophistication of equipment such as high definition televisions and remote-controlled webcams has allowed this technology to feel less impersonal. This chapter discusses the history of telepsychiatry and different examples of how such technology is used and in which sorts of situations it can be employed. The chapter also examines the ethical issues that arise in telepsychiatry and reviews some of the literature that is currently available, focusing on the four ethical principles of medicine. Clinical vignettes are used both to highlight potential dilemmas that can arise through the technology as well as to demonstrate how in certain situations, the technology can potentially be more beneficial than face-to-face assessments.

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Kreeger, Renee Nierman, und James P. Spaeth. Tetralogy of Fallot. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0032.

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Patients with congenital heart disease are frequently encountered by the pediatric anesthesiologist for non-cardiac surgery. Fortunately, the majority of these patients have already undergone definitive repair of their cardiac lesions and can often be managed using traditional anesthetic methods. However, given the known association of congenital heart disease with other congenital malformations and syndromes, there is a relatively high likelihood that a pediatric anesthesiologist will encounter a situation involving a child with an unrepaired lesion. With the reported increased mortality rate for patients with complex cardiac lesions undergoing non-cardiac procedures (see Chapter 30), an understanding of the pathophysiology and anatomy, as well as the potential effects of the anesthetic medications and techniques chosen, is paramount to their successful care.

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Karl, Joachim. The Treatment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in International Investment Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0010.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of almost all economies, employing the great majority of the workforce, and making the biggest contribution to GDP. To some extent, they are also active as outward foreign investors or are linked to inward foreign investment through supply chains. This chapter analyses the role of international investment law for the internationalization strategies of SMEs. It explores to what extent international investment agreements specifically promote, facilitate, and protect investments involving SMEs, referring to concrete treaty examples. It also examines the risk of potential negative effects of certain IIA provisions on domestic SMEs. On the basis of this analysis, the chapter makes a number of suggestions regarding how international investment law could further improve the situation of SMEs.

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Guitton, Clement. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699994.003.0008.

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The conclusion starts by summarizing the contributions of this book, before considering what the future of attribution may look like. It briefly analyzes the consequences for privacy of large metadata collection, and the effects on Internet governance of attribution mechanisms being revealed. More specifically, it contends that the potential breaking up of the Internet into multiple ‘Internets’ will reshape the practice of cyber security to some extent, but that the political limitations of attribution will remain very similar. This last chapter also briefly outlines the basis for future work by showing that attribution is not only limited to cyber attacks but also emerges in many other situations, involving the need to strike a "right" balance between anonymity, privacy and security, which is one of the key challenges of the twenty-first century. Hence, the approach to attribution will reflect how society wishes to address the anonymity-privacy-security triangle, and how it has the potential to shape the balance between these three questions for years to come.

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