Zeitschriftenartikel: „Post-environmentalism“

1

Pepper, David, und J. Young. „Post Environmentalism“. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17, Nr. 2 (1992): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622554.

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2

Bate, Roger. „POST-ENVIRONMENTALISM“. Economic Affairs 15, Nr. 4 (September 1995): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1995.tb00500.x.

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3

Baker, Ilyas. „Post environmentalism“. Futures 23, Nr. 2 (März 1991): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(91)90031-v.

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4

Adams, W. M. „Post environmentalism“. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, Nr. 2 (Februar 1991): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90134-j.

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5

Yearly, Steven. „Post environmentalism“. Journal of Rural Studies 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 1993): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(93)90019-g.

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6

Buck, Christopher D. „Post-environmentalism: an internal critique“. Environmental Politics 22, Nr. 6 (November 2013): 883–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2012.712793.

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7

Nail, Thomas. „Post-Capitalist Economics and Environmentalism“. Capitalism Nature Socialism 20, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2009): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455750903448115.

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8

Kallis, Giorgos, und Sam Bliss. „Post-environmentalism: origins and evolution of a strange idea“. Journal of Political Ecology 26, Nr. 1 (23.08.2019): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23238.

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The publication of the Ecomodernist Manifesto in 2015 marked a high point for post-environmentalism, a set of ideas that reject limits and instead advocate urbanization, industrialization, agricultural intensification, and nuclear power to protect the environment. Where, how, and why did post-environmentalism come about? Might it influence developments in the future? We trace the origins of post-environmentalism to the mid-2000s in the San Francisco Bay Area and show how it emerged as a response to perceived failures of U.S. environmentalism. Through a discourse analysis of key texts produced by the primary actors of post-environmentalism, namely the Oakland, California-based Breakthrough Institute and its cofounders Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, we show how the theory behind post-environmentalism mixes a deconstructionist trope familiar to political ecologists with a modernization core from liberal economics. We discuss the contradictions of post-environmentalist discourse and argue that despite its flaws, post-environmentalism can hold considerable sway because its politics align with powerful interests who benefit from arguing that accelerating capitalist modernization will save the environment. We conclude that political ecology has a much more nuanced take on the contradictions post-environmentalists stumble upon, disagreeing with those political ecologists who are choosing to ally with the agenda of the Manifesto.Keywords: ecomodernism; ecological modernization; discourse analysis; environmental politics

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Wickström, Laura. „Contemporary environmentalism as a current of spiritual post-secular practice“. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 24 (01.01.2012): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67425.

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Contemporary spirituality often bears the stamp of an eco-discourse. It is characteristic of post-spiritual practices that there is a blurring of the boundaries between the sacred and profane and in this sphere, influenced by the eco-consciousness, nature and the body can be sacralised. In this article the author looks into environmentalism as a current in spirituality. First spirituality as a concept is discussed. Second follows a section on aspects of contemporary environmentalism, dealing with new social movements, new identity and the main directions of environmentalism. After that, the distinction between environmentally motivated spirituality and spiritually motivated environmentalism is presented. At the end there is a short discussion of post-secular issues concerning environmentalism. Worldviews are no longer necessarily either religious or secular, but may also combine elements of rational secularity with enchanted spirituality. The blurring of the boundaries between secular and religious views and motives occur, as well as the separation of mind and body, rationality and belief, and human and nature.

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Cuba, Thomas Robert. „Perspectives From the Field: Post Partum Environmentalism“. Environmental Practice 15, Nr. 1 (März 2013): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046612000579.

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11

Wapner, Paul. „World Summit on Sustainable Development: Toward a Post-Jo'burg Environmentalism“. Global Environmental Politics 3, Nr. 1 (01.02.2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003763336356.

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This article provides a first-hand account of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) and an analysis of how to advance environmentalist concerns in the post-Jo'burg era. It reviews some of the achievements and disappointments of the Summit and describes significant changes in global environmental affairs that the WSSD was unable fully to appreciate and which, therefore, must be addressed in the post-Jo'burg world. One change is a switch in emphasis in the North and South in terms of sustainable development. For too long we've been told that the North is concerned with the environment while the South is focused on development. At the WSSD it became clear, however, that this is no longer the case. Many in the North now claim a development focus although, to be sure, through the more fundamental goal of economic globalization. Concomitantly, many in the South voice a commitment to environmental sustainability as a way to reduce poverty. A second change has to do with the power of environmentalism. After enjoying much strength, concern for the environment is flagging throughout much of the world as key states find themselves distracted by geo-political concerns in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. Both changes indicate the need to rethink environmentalist strategies in a post-Jo'burg era. The article offers several suggestions including abandoning sustainable development as a policy objective (although keeping it as a conceptual framework) and resuscitating the older, more narrow and arguably less complicated goals of environmental protection.

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Ferrando, Francesca. „The Party of the Anthropocene: Post-humanism, Environmentalism and the Post-anthropocentric Paradigm Shift“. Relations, Nr. 4.2 (November 2016): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/rela-2016-002-ferr.

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13

Millington, Rob, Simon C. Darnell und Brad Millington. „Ecological Modernization and the Olympics: The Case of Golf and Rio’s “Green” Games“. Sociology of Sport Journal 35, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0131.

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Ecological modernization refers to the idea that capitalist-driven scientific and technological advancements can not only attend to the world’s pending environmental crises, but even lead to ecological improvement, thus allowing sustainability and consumption to continue in concert. In this paper, we examine ecological modernization at the confluence of environmentalism, international development and global sport. Through an analysis of golf and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, we argue that golf’s return to the Olympic program is illustrative of a post-political approach to environmentalism, whereby ecological modernization is posited as a common-sense response to addressing matters of global climate change.

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Milbourne, Paul, und Kelvin Mason. „Environmental injustice and post-colonial environmentalism: Opencast coal mining, landscape and place“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, Nr. 1 (28.09.2016): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16665843.

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In this article we use a case study of opencast coal mining in the southern valleys of Wales to explore the ordinary and everyday spatialities of environmental injustice. Responding to recent geographical critiques of environmental justice research and engaging with post-colonial studies of landscape and environment, we provide an account of environmental injustice that emphasises competing geographical imaginaries of landscape and ‘ordinary political injustices’ within everyday spaces. We begin with a discussion of how historical environmental injustices in Wales have been framed within nationalist politics as a form of colonial exploitation of the country’s natural resources. We then make use of materials from recent research on opencast mining in South Wales to examine local understandings of and everyday encounters with mining, highlighting contradictory discourses of opencast mining, landscape and place, and the injustices associated with mining developments in this region.

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Nagel, Caroline, und Lynn Staeheli. „Nature, environmentalism, and the politics of citizenship in post-civil war Lebanon“. cultural geographies 23, Nr. 2 (22.02.2015): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474015572304.

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16

Tomalin, Emma. „Bio-divinity and Biodiversity: Perspectives on Religion and Environmental Conservation in India“. Numen 51, Nr. 3 (2004): 265–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568527041945481.

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AbstractReligious environmentalists argue that religious traditions teach that the Earth is sacred and that this has traditionally served to exert control over how people interact with the natural world. However, while the recognition of "bio-divinity" is a feature of many religious traditions, including Hinduism, this is to be distinguished from religious environmentalism which involves the conscious application of religious ideas to modern concerns about the global environment. Religious environmentalism is a post-materialist environmental philosophy that has emerged from the West and has its roots in the eighteenth century European "Romantic Movement." Using the example of sacred grove preservation in India, this paper assesses the extent to which claims that Hinduism is environmentally friendly are the product of an elite middle-class environmentalist ideology and hence of little relevance to the majority of Hindus. However, the fact that discourses about sacred grove preservation have become common within discussions about the conservation of biodiversity in India might suggest that religious environmentalism does have a broader relevance. While religious institutions have, on the whole, paid little attention to environmental issues in India, one area where ecological causes have made an impact is within Hindu nationalist groups such as the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). This paper concludes with a discussion of the similarities between the historicist strategies of the Hindu Right and religious environmentalism, and discusses the anti-Tehri dam campaign where representatives of both have been involved in protest activity to protect the River Ganges.

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Wernick, Iddo K. „Love Your Monsters: Post-Environmentalism and the Anthropoceneedited by Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus“. Journal of Industrial Ecology 16, Nr. 3 (09.05.2012): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00493.x.

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Wang, William Hongsong, Vicente Moreno-Casas und Jesús Huerta de Soto. „A Free-Market Environmentalist Transition toward Renewable Energy: The Cases of Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom“. Energies 14, Nr. 15 (31.07.2021): 4659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154659.

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Renewable energy (RE) is one of the most popular public policy orientations worldwide. Compared to some other countries and continents, Europe has gained an early awareness of energy and environmental problems in general. At the theoretical level, free-market environmentalism indicates that based on the principle of private property rights, with fewer state interventionist and regulation policies, entrepreneurs, as the driving force of the market economy, can provide better services to meet the necessity of offering RE to protect the environment more effectively. Previous studies have revealed that Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have made some progress in using the market to develop RE. However, this research did not analyze the three countries’ RE conditions from the perspective of free-market environmentalism. Based on our review of the principles of free-market environmentalism, this paper originally provides an empirical study of how Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have partly conducted free-market-oriented policies to successfully achieve their policy goal of RE since the 1990s on a practical level. In particular, compared with Germany and Denmark, the UK has maintained a relatively low energy tax rate and opted for more pro-market measures since the Hayekian-Thatcherism free-market reform of 1979. The paper also discovers that Fredrich A. Hayek’s theories have strongly impacted its energy liberalization reform agenda since then. Low taxes on the energy industry and electricity have alleviated the burden on the electricity enterprises and consumers in the UK. Moreover, the empirical results above show that the energy enterprises play essential roles in providing better and more affordable RE for household and industrial users in the three sampled countries. Based on the above results, the paper also warns that state intervention policies such as taxation, state subsidies, and industrial access restrictions can impede these three countries’ RE targets. Additionally, our research provides reform agendas and policy suggestions to policymakers on the importance of implementing free-market environmentalism to provide more efficient RE in the post-COVID-19 era.

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Chong, Alan. „The post-international challenge to foreign policy: signposting ‘plus non-state’ politics“. Review of International Studies 28, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2002): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210502007830.

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To scholars researching the connections between international relations and globalisation, such as those in the five books reviewed here, ‘foreign policy’ is becoming functionally and descriptively rivalled in a globalising context. Foreign policy, once the theoretically exclusive prerogative of the nation-state, is violated daily by new developments in non-state actorness arising from transnational technical and welfare issues such as trade, finance, labour standards and environmentalism. These books under review introduce the displacement lexicon of transnational politics, global civil society, non-state resistance and complexity into policymaking consciousness; in short, the post-international era. The conclusion proposes to tease out the preliminary outlines of the post-international challenge to foreign policy on the basis of ‘plus non-state’ actor-interest considerations.

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Piccioni, Luigi. „Alla ricerca di una storia dell'ambientalismo italiano: il contributo di Giorgio Nebbia e Franco Pedrotti“. SOCIETÀ E STORIA, Nr. 124 (Oktober 2009): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2009-124004.

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- The birth of Italian environmental history in the late 80s is due to the works and research of professional and non-professional historians. Its recent growth, fed for the first time by young researchers, and its gradual institutionalization could take place neglecting or even ignoring the numerous and sometimes excellent studies published by non-professionals. The cases of the merceologist Giorgio Nebbia and the botanist Franco Pedrotti appear exemplary in this regard. Both of them being eminent scholars in their own fields and pioneers of the italian environmentalist movement, they dedicated a considerable part of their scientific production to historical research. Nebbia has devoted himself to the history of the relationship between society, commodities and natural resources and to the story of "ecological contestation" while Pedrotti has re- searched mainly in the fields of protected areas and in post 2nd World War Italian environmentalism. This essay aims to highlight the contribution given by Nebbia and Pedrotti to Italian studies in the field of environmental history and to the spread of interest in this subject.Parole chiave: Italia; storiografia; storia ambientale; ambientalismo; aree protette; archivi.Key words: Italy; historiography; environmental history; environmentalism; protected areas; archives.

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Fattor, Eric. „Revolution or Ecocide“. Radical Philosophy Review 23, Nr. 2 (2020): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/radphilrev2020720112.

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This article addresses the place of situationist ideas in the current drive to make meaningful social and political change to avoid the catastrophic consequences of climate change. After a brief review of some key situationist concepts, the article shows how situationist thinkers post-1968 saw the prospect of environmental degradation as one of the key consequences of the social apathy induced by the spectacle and the grim prospects for the prevailing liberal assemblage of power to address the problem. The article concludes by briefly discussing the place of a situationist-inspired environmentalism in the larger debates about radical solutions to climate change.

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London, Jonathan K. „Common Roots and Entangled Limbs: Earth First! and the Growth of Post-Wilderness Environmentalism on California's North Coast“. Antipode 30, Nr. 2 (April 1998): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00072.

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23

Wysocki, Jay. „The Environment Has No Standing in Environmental Governance“. Organization & Environment 25, Nr. 1 (11.02.2012): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026611436215.

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For most of human history the natural environment stood separate from man: indifferent and alien, to be overcome, exploited, or managed. This article draws on the legal concept of standing and the nonlegal concept of voice to argue that nature no longer has standing as an “other” within the global environmental governance framework. Reviews of the transition toward “sustainable development” in environmentalism and also the post–Cold War global environmental governance framework are offered to support this point. Freed of the role that nature plays to ground humanity in space, sustainability now frames mankind only in temporal terms that are developmental but, without reference to context, irrational. The implications that nature has no standing are applied as alternative perspective on Blühdorn’s arguments for a “politics of unsustainability.”

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LOCHER, FABIEN. „NEO-MALTHUSIAN ENVIRONMENTALISM, WORLD FISHERIES CRISIS, AND THE GLOBAL COMMONS, 1950s–1970s“. Historical Journal 63, Nr. 1 (02.05.2019): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000116.

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ABSTRACTThe present article aims to analyse the role played by US neo-Malthusians in the construction of overfishing as a global environmental issue. Its main argument is that this group of thinkers and militants made decisive contributions, between the 1950s and 1970s, to the formulation and dissemination of the diagnosis of a global fisheries crisis threatening the planet's stocks. These warnings about a global fishing crisis paved the way for present-day concerns about a planetary decline of marine life. By assessing the role played by the neo-Malthusians, this article analyses the history of the post-Second World War debates on ocean productivity, ‘unconventional’ fisheries, and fisheries exhaustion, showing how they were marked by highly optimistic expectations regarding the exploitation of the ‘ocean frontier’. For the neo-Malthusians, it was crucial to discredit this cornucopian vision of the ocean as a horn of plenty, itself a result of contemporaneous euphoria in the world of industrial fishing. In conclusion, this article sheds new light on the history of debates about (over)population and world resources, and on the rise of an ‘environmentalism of the oceans’ in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Srivatsan, Sanjeev, und Mekhala Venkatesh. „Godzila“. PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 13, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v13i1.958.

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Godzilla, the most iconic movie monster that everyone will think of whenever someone talk with people about a giant monster obliterating a city. Its legacy has been living for almost seventy years and will keep live for the years to come. From looking at the perspective of Ecocentric theory, it seems that Godzilla is a force of nature that obliterates the Japanese city Tokyo to teach humans a lesson that our selfishness, arrogance and the attitude of placing ourselves on top of nature would only lead to tragic consequences. Using Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this article discuss about the movies which actually focuses on the core element of Godzilla instead of the portrayal of Godzilla as a monster fighter or as a savior of humanity in the aspects of ecocriticism, environmentalism, politics and post-modernism, along with the king of the monsters.

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Sayed, Doaa. „The Interdisciplinarity of Post-colonialism and Environmentalism in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Abdel Rahman Munif's Cities of Salt“. Cairo Studies in English 2019, Nr. 1 (01.11.2019): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/cse.2019.62185.

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Morton, Paul. „Boomerangs and Bombs: The Zagreb School of Animation and Yugoslavia's Third Way Experiment“. Slavic Review 79, Nr. 1 (2020): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.12.

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The Zagreb School of Animation, one of the great achievements of Yugoslav culture, produced hundreds of films from the 1950s to the early 1990s. This paper studies the early development of the Zagreb School and the films that satirized the universal concerns of the post-World War II landscape: industrialization, militarism, environmentalism, nuclear annihilation, and urban alienation, as well as the conforming pressures of commercialization and mass culture. This paper argues that the Zagreb School, which was made up neither of dissidents nor propagandists, breaks many of the stereotypes about artists in the dictatorial states of central and eastern Europe. Its approach to the animation medium is adjacent to the two most important features of Yugoslavia's Third Way experiment: the development of workers’ self-management and a commitment to internationalism. The paper places the Zagreb School in this historical context with a formalist analysis of Boris Kolar's Bumerang (Boomerang, 1962).

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Fedorenko, Irina. „Turning the Tables on Foreign Assistance in Second-Generation Environmentalism in Russia and China“. Inner Asia 19, Nr. 1 (21.04.2017): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340083.

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Civil society and environmentalngos in Russia and China have been facing gradual crackdowns from their governments for the past decade and have been accused of being connected to foreign governments. Due to the changes in political and legal environments and the rise of a new generation of activists, the civil society landscape has been transformed in both countries. Drawing on 14 months of fieldwork, this paper aims to provide an updated account of environmental activism in Russia and China—the post-foreign-funding civil society. It focuses on grass-rootsngos and their relationships with their foreign donors and the consequences of foreign grant withdrawal. The paper aims to understand how foreign support has shaped the image of environmental activism for the generation born shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the crackdown on the students’ protests in Tiananmen Square. It argues that young activists in Russia and China see environmentalism as something ‘foreign’, which also makes it attractive to take part in. The paper suggests that, while in some cases foreign funding and international linkages may have endangered existingngos in Russia and China, the opportunity to meet foreigners attracts the younger generation to environmental movements.

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Matless, David. „Book reviews : Young, J. 1990: Post environmentalism. Lon don: Belhaven Press. x + 230 pp. £25.00 cloth. ISBN: 1 85293 082 9“. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 16, Nr. 1 (März 1992): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339201600123.

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Preu, Friederike Johanna, und Benjamin J. Richardson. „German Socially Responsible Investment: Barriers and Opportunities“. German Law Journal 12, Nr. 3 (01.03.2011): 865–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017132.

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In socially responsible investment terms, Germany is a contradiction. The country is considered by many as one of the pioneers of post-war environmentalism and social reform. Yet, German financial institutions are amongst the European laggards in adopting environmentally and socially informed approaches to investment. This article identifies a variety of legal, institutional and attitudinal factors which hinder the growth of the German SRI market. Its paltry size does not reflect evidence of any specific disinterest among German investors in social and environmental issues. Rather, it arises from a combination of structural impediments, particularly the institutional arrangements for German pension schemes that hinder their participation in financial markets, regulations which encourage conservative investments, and investors' preference for low-risk assets and avoidance of shareholder activism. Legal and institutional reforms over the past decade have in theory created better opportunities for SRI in Germany, although they have yet to engender significant changes in the market.

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Jaiswal, Sreeja. „Looking beyond the idyllic representations of the rural: The Konkan Railway controversy and middle-class environmentalism in India“. Journal of Political Ecology 25, Nr. 1 (01.08.2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22046.

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Post-independence India has had its share of controversies around mega-infrastructure projects that have pitted environmental preservation against development concerns. This article studies the environmental controversy around one such megaproject, the Konkan Railway, employing a framework that integrates the environmental values, beliefs and behaviour of individuals and groups with a historical understanding of political economy and ecology (science). Essentialist and over-simplified environmental discourses, without scientific credibility and not based on historical facts, are often influential in policy making, especially when channelled by the middle classes. Better understanding our present concerns and guiding decisions and policies to deal with the problems we currently face, requires unmasking the romanticization of the countryside. We must replace the idyllic version of the past with a nuanced historical understanding of the interaction between nature and culture. This article also locates the controversy over the Konkan Railway within the frames used to study Indian environmentalism. The aim is to improve our understanding of the regional, ideological and cultural pluralities in environmental values, beliefs and behaviour of the middle class in India.

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Schmelzer, Matthias. „‘Born in the corridors of the OECD’: the forgotten origins of the Club of Rome, transnational networks, and the 1970s in global history“. Journal of Global History 12, Nr. 1 (08.02.2017): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022816000322.

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AbstractThis article re-examines a contested chapter in the international and environmental history of the 1970s. Even though largely neglected by historical research and in the public memory, the Club of Rome – widely remembered for its 1972 report The limits to growth – was not only born within the OECD, but was also in its early period strongly influenced by debates within this think tank of the industrialized countries. Using previously overlooked sources, this article analyses this highly unlikely OECD–Club of Rome nexus. It not only offers a privileged view into the social history of international policy-making and the related personal entanglements and ideological transfers at a key moment of post-war history. It also demonstrates that the social, intellectual, and economic turmoil of the late 1960s prompted a rethinking of the economic growth paradigm, even within those technocratic institutions that had aspired to guide the post-war industrial growth regime. The article argues that these links are not only vital for our understanding of the relationship between acquisitive growth capitalism and environmentalism, but also enable a more profound understanding of the role of transnational networks in global history and the appreciation of the place of the 1970s in world history.

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Pain, Rachel. „Chronic urban trauma: The slow violence of housing dispossession“. Urban Studies 56, Nr. 2 (15.11.2018): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018795796.

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This paper sets the idea of slow violence into dialogue with trauma, to understand the practice and legitimisation of the repeated damage done to certain places through state violence. Slow violence (Nixon R (2011) Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) describes the ‘attritional lethality’ of many contemporary effects of globalisation. While originating in environmental humanities, it has clear relevance for urban studies. After assessing accounts of the post-traumatic city, the paper draws insights from feminist psychiatry and postcolonial analysis to develop the concept of chronic urban trauma, as a psychological effect of violence involving an ongoing relational dynamic. Reporting from a three-year participatory action research project on the managed decline and disposal of social housing in a former coalmining village in north-east England, the paper discusses the temporal and place-based effects of slow violence. It argues that chronic urban trauma becomes hard-wired in place, enabling retraumatisation while also remaining open to efforts to heal and rebuild.

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Novák, Arnošt. „Direct Actions in the Czech Environmental Movement“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 53, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2020.53.3.137.

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Direct actions constitute an important repertoire of action for environmental movements in Western countries. This article differentiates two ideal types of this repertoire of action: the anarchist concept, which understands direct action in terms of values and as a preferred way of doing things; and the liberal concept, which uses direct action in an instrumental way. Based on my empirical research in post-socialist Czech Republic, the article focuses on debates over environmentalism and, to be more precise, on uses of direct actions by environmental organizations. It explains why the liberal concept was very limited and why direct action as a preferred way of doing things has not become a part of the repertoire of collective action. The article argues that the movement was politically moderate due to a combination of reasons: the very specific historical experience of the Czech environmental movement, which inclines it to use dialogue rather than confrontations with power; the fear of political hostility and marginalization by the state; and the internal dynamics of the environmental milieu.

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Feltrin, Lorenzo, und Devi Sacchetto. „The work-technology nexus and working-class environmentalism: Workerism versus capitalist noxiousness in Italy’s Long 1968“. Theory and Society 50, Nr. 5 (05.03.2021): 815–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11186-021-09441-5.

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AbstractThis article traces the trajectory of theory and praxis around nocività or noxiousness – i.e., health damage and environmental degradation – drawn by the workerist group rooted in the petrochemical complex of Porto Marghera, Venice. While Porto Maghera was an important setting for the early activism of influential theorists such as the post-workerist Antonio Negri and the autonomist feminist Mariarosa Dalla Costa, the theories produced by the workers themselves have been largely forgotten. Yet, this experience was remarkable because it involved workers employed by polluting industries denouncing in words and actions the environmental degradation caused by their companies from as early as 1968, when the workerists had a determining influence in the local factories. The Porto Marghera struggles against noxiousness contradict the widespread belief that what is today known as working-class environmentalism did not have much significance in the labour unrest of Italy’s Long 1968. The Porto Marghera group’s original contribution was based on the thesis of the inherent noxiousness of capitalist work and an antagonistic-transformative approach to capitalist technology. This led to the proposal of a counterpower able to determine “what, how, and how much to produce” on the basis of common needs encompassing the environment, pointing to the utopian prospect of struggling for a different, anti-capitalist technology, compatible with the sustainable reproduction of life on the planet.

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Mortensen, Peter. „Tools of Transformation: Appropriate Technology in U.S. Countercultural Literature“. American Studies in Scandinavia 44, Nr. 2 (01.09.2012): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v44i2.4917.

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This essay takes its cue from second-wave ecocriticism and from recent scholarly interest in the “appropriate technology” movement that evolved during the 1960s and 1970s in California and elsewhere. “Appropriate technology” (or AT) refers to a loosely-knit group of writers, engineers and designers active in the years around 1970, and more generally to the counterculture’s promotion, development and application of technologies that were small-scale, low-cost, user-friendly, human-empowering and environmentally sound. Focusing on two roughly contemporary but now largely forgotten American texts Sidney Goldfarb’s lyric poem “Solar-Heated-Rhombic-Dodecahedron” (1969) and Gurney Norman’s novel Divine Right’s Trip (1971)—I consider how “hip” literary writers contributed to eco-technological discourse and argue for the 1960s counterculture’s relevance to present-day ecological concerns. Goldfarb’s and Norman’s texts interest me because they conceptualize iconic 1960s technologies—especially the Buckminster Fuller-inspired geodesic dome and the Volkswagen van—not as inherently alienating machines but as tools of profound individual, social and environmental transformation. Synthesizing antimodernist back-to-nature desires with modernist enthusiasm for (certain kinds of) machinery, these texts adumbrate a humanity- and modernity-centered post-wilderness model of environmentalism that resonates with the dilemmas that we face in our increasingly resource-impoverished, rapidly warming and densely populated world.

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Lane, Jan-Erik. „Global Coordination against Global Warning: “Catch-up” Countries against Affluent Countries“. Sustainability in Environment 2, Nr. 1 (27.02.2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v2n1p82.

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The UNFCCC has delivered the COP21 project as the main response to climate change, promising radical decarbonisation of the country economies in the world. A promise is merely a verbal commitment ex ante, whereas the outcomes of policy-making and government coordination inform about the actual matters of fact ex post. Scholars now fear that there will be reneging or defection in the COP21 games to be started now with a long time frame into the next half of this century. Thus, world famous Stern (2016) asks what we are waiting for, given his stern warnings already in 2007. And Conca (2015) suggests that environmentalism and climate change becomes the chief task for the United Nations, on par with peace, security, human rights and development. Star economist Sachs (2015a, b, c) promotes the idea of linking anti-global warming policies with general Sustainable Development (SDGs), including anti-poverty policies. Yet, they bypass fundamentals: climate change is driven by Juggernaut forces, namely the links between GDP, energy consumption and greenhouse gases involving the economic struggle between the haves and have-nots. The challenges in implementing the COP21 goals (I+III) are formidable.

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Szulecki, Kacper. „Hijacked Ideas“. East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 25, Nr. 2 (15.04.2011): 272–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325410387643.

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Central European dissidents, although in many ways constrained by their post-totalitarian regimes, were nevertheless taking part in a transnational circulation of ideas. This article is inspired by contemporary studies of cultural (g)localization and links them to the research on dissent to show that the dissident intellectuals in Central Europe (the particular contexts of Czechoslovakia and Poland are investigated) were not only the receivers, but also retransmitters and “generators,” of “universal” ideas. To grasp their role and to understand the nature of “universal” ideas, it is necessary to look into domestic contexts to see how internationally functioning ideas are localized—that is, recontextualized and translated. What is more, locally altered meanings can influence the international “originals” so that a new meaning can be renegotiated. Central European opposition found a firm foundation and a source of empowerment in the internationally recognized discourse of human rights. However, with time, dissident groups in the Eastern Bloc struggled to reinterpret these ideas and extend their mobilizing effect onto other issues. Certain themes present in Western debates were taken up in Central Europe and merged with human rights issues. The two analyzed here are pacifism and environmentalism, ideas that were metaphorically “hijacked” and used by the dissidents. The article shows how the translation and renegotiation of these ideas proceeded and to what extent they were successful both locally and transnationally.

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Bespalova, Tatyana, Maxim Bakhtin, Elena Sviridkina und Vladimir Lepekhin. „Russia's response to new types of threats of the XXI century“. E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 16025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021016025.

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The need to form a new political philosophy is associated with modern challenges and threats that require large-scale ordering of the world of chaos and absurdity, an adequate response to the era of "post-truth" in order to preserve the national identity of peoples, cultures, civilizations, as well as the essential features of the person himself. The instability of international relations caused by the collapse of the bipolar world has given rise to the need to create a more stable polycentric world. Countering terrorism led to the formation of anti-terrorist coalitions at the international level and for a certain time brought the world community together in the fight against a common threat. However, no one expected that the new type of war would become another test for the development of a common strategy of counteraction by mankind, requiring a rethinking of the role of man in modern political processes. Schmitt's "friend-foe" confrontation may acquire a different content in the 21st century, when man himself becomes his own enemy, since the products of his military-political and scientific activities endanger the life of all mankind. Russia's response to new political threats can be the development of a new value role of man in the emerging world order, which is possible on condition of world recognition of the civilizational originality of the Russian historical path, building a dialogue of civilizations, as well as the implementation of three ideologies in the new political dimension - patriotism, socialism, environmentalism.

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Penner, S. „Conservative environmentalism - Reassessing the means, redefining the ends by James R. Dunn and John E. Kinney, Quorum Books, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 (1996), 275 pp., $59.95“. Energy 22, Nr. 6 (Juni 1997): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(97)00014-5.

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Machotka, Ewa. „The Geopolitics of Ecological Art: Contemporary Art Projects in Japan and South Korea“. Mutual Images Journal, Nr. 5 (20.12.2018): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32926/2018.5.mac.geopo.

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The notion of ‘affinity with nature’ functions as a powerful political concept employed in the national identification of different cultural regions of East Asia including Japan and South Korea. Both countries have much in common. They share the myths of a ‘love of nature’ and a comparable history of post-war economic miracles followed by an ecological crisis and the subsequent development of environmentalism. They also host highly recognised contemporary art events guided by an environmentalist agenda: the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale (ETAT), established in the depopulated countryside of Niigata Prefecture in 2000 by the Art Front Gallery, a commercial gallery from Tokyo; and the Geumgang Nature Art Biennale, initiated by the Korean Nature Art Association (Yatoo), sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, and first held in 2004 in Gongju, South Chungcheong Province. Guided by ecological thought, both art events aim to induce harmonious interaction between human and non-human realms, while questioning established modes of artistic interaction with ‘nature’ related to modern Western art discourses. Satoyama (lit. village mountain), an agricultural site based on harmonious human-nature interactions, the foundational concept of the ETAT, challenges the notion of gaze that defines the modern Western notion of landscape and its relationships with power. The ‘nature art’ practiced in Gongju, which involves simple interventions in the environment that are spontaneous and impermanent, questions the paradigms of Land Art. While responding to concrete environmental issues pertinent to the operation of social-ecological systems, the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale and the Geumgang Nature Art Biennale both attempt to create localised alternatives to dominant epistemologies associated with global (Western) art discourses. But the question is if these practices are capable of challenging the established geopolitics of ecological art and conventional hierarchies of power between the local and the global embodied by the institutional framework of the eco-art biennale.

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Ricketts, Leslie A. „Corporate America versus the "New Environmentalism": Growing Opportunities for Cooperation BOOK REVIEW : Managing Environmental Issues—A Casebook BY ROGENE A. BUCHHOLZ, ALFRED A. MARCUS AND JAMES E. POST Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1992, 286 pages, $20.00 (paperback“. Journal of Environment & Development 2, Nr. 1 (Januar 1993): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659300200115.

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Dash, Sakti Sekhar. „Explorations in Ecocriticism: Reading the Select Novels of Cormac McCarthy in the Light of Anthropocentrism and Cartesian Thinking.“ SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, Nr. 2 (11.02.2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i2.10380.

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This study highlights the subtle and complex environmental ethic in Cormac McCarthy’s select novels. By delineating the relationships McCarthy’s characters have with non-human nature, an ecocritical analysis views their alienation as the result of their separation from nature. At the root of this alienation is an anthropocentric and mechanistic mode of thinking that is dominant in Western philosophy and that this study defines as Cartesian. While McCarthy’s environmentalist heroes are persecuted by Cartesian institutions and displaced from the land on which they have defined themselves and made meaning, his Cartesian anti-heroes represent extreme manifestations of Cartesian thinking. McCarthy’s environmentalism is as much a critique and indictment of Cartesian thinking as it is a portrayal of the value of a life lived in close contact with nonhuman nature. McCarthy uses human treatment of non-human animals to evidence man's absolute desire to control the natural world and the beasts within the natural world. Animals often figure prominently in Cormac McCarthy’s fiction, taking on mystical significance or even mirroring human nature. At other times, McCarthy portrays astriking intimacy between animals and men. The animals in McCarthy’s novels also represent a link to an older, natural order and a vanishing (or vanished) way of life. The representations are clearly myriad and diverse, but the one thing that can be asserted for certain is that the overarching tendency is to elevate animals to positions of great significance; they inhabit a space that, while often overlapping with the human realm, is distinctive and important. In All the Pretty Horses John Grady Cole is virtually defined by his relationship to horses, and there are moments of striking intimacy between him and horses in the novel. Wolves assume a similar place of significance in The Crossing. The ranchers discus show the cattle, in their domestication and defenselessness, “puzzle” the wolves, who kill the cattle in a much more savage manner than they do wild quarry, “as if they were offended by some violation of an old order. Billy also experiences moments of intimacy with the pregnant she-wolf that echo John Grady Cole’s relationship to horses, and this happens at the same two levels: in both the dream world and the tangible world. In McCarthy’s borderlands novels there is always the looming awareness that civilizations will rise and civilizations will fall, but what is constant is war, brutality, and death. This is why his books, particularly his works concerning the Southwest and Mexico, are littered with apocalyptic themes and images—until, of course, he delivers the death of all civilizations in the post-apocalyptic rendering The Road (2006).

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Dickens, P., I. Winter, C. J. L. Yewlett, B. J. Epstein, P. O'Keefe und R. P. Oakey. „Reviews: When We Build Again: Let's Have Housing That Works!, Cities in Crisis: The Political Economy of Urban Development in Post-War Britain, the IRG Solution, Shopping Malls: Planning and Design, Shopping Centre Development: Policies and Prospects, the Roots of Modern Environmentalism, Urban Affairs Annual Reviews, 28. High Technology, Space and Society“. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 13, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1986): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b130487.

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Craw, Charlotte. „The Ecology of Emblem Eating: Environmentalism, Nationalism and the Framing of Kangaroo Consumption“. Media International Australia 127, Nr. 1 (Mai 2008): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812700112.

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This paper investigates the alignment of environmentalist and nationalist narratives through an examination of discussions of kangaroo consumption in popular media such as newspapers and cookbooks. In her bible of contemporary home cooking, The Cook's Companion, Australian chef Stephanie Alexander remarks that using kangaroo meat must, as an indigenous product, ‘qualify a dish as Australian’. And, she adds, such usage makes environmental as well as iconic sense. As I discuss in this paper, Alexander's comments are indicative of the framing of native foods: indigenous ingredients are billed as the solution to both the search for an authentically Aussie cuisine and the plight of the continent's devastated ecologies. Using John and Jean Comaroff's work on the politics of ecological discussions, the paper examines the entanglement of territory and ecology — the slippage between the ‘native’, the ‘natural’ and the ‘nation’ — to reveal how the realm of ecology, conceived of as ‘natural’ and therefore exterior to politics, is used as a forum for very political questions of ‘belonging’. The paper demonstrates how the framing of environmental discussions in the public sphere cannot be separated from wider questions of the politics of settler (post-)colonies.

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Henderson, Kent, und Kristen Shorette. „Environmentalism in the Periphery: Institutional Embeddedness and Deforestation among Fifteen Palm Oil Producers, 1990 – 2012“. Journal of World-Systems Research 23, Nr. 2 (11.08.2017): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2017.699.

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Environmental sociologists highlight the exploitative nature of the global capitalist economy where resource extraction from nations in the periphery tends to disproportionately benefit those of the core. From the Brazilian Amazon to mineral-rich Sub-Saharan Africa, the practice of “unequal ecological exchange” persists. Simultaneously, a “global environmental regime” has coalesced as a prominent feature of the contemporary world system. In the post-World War II era, legitimate nation-states must take steps to protect the natural environment and prevent its degradation even at their own economic expense. Stronger national ties to global institutions, particularly international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) consistently yield more positive environmental outcomes. However, previous work suggests that normative expectations for improved environmental practice will be weak or nonexistent in the periphery. We use the case of palm oil production and its relationship to deforestation to provide a more nuanced analysis of the relationship between material and institutional forces in the periphery. Using unbalanced panels of fifteen palm oil producing countries from 1990 to 2012, we find that stronger national ties to world society via citizen memberships in INGOs result in greater primary forest area among palm oil producers. However, this effect is strongest where production is lowest and weakens as production increases. Even in the cases of Indonesia and Malaysia, where palm oil production is substantially higher than any other producer, ties to global institutions are significantly related to reduced forest loss. These results indicate the variable importance of national embeddedness into global institutions within the periphery of the world system.

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Langstaff, Liane. „Freshwater scarcity and pricing in South Africa: conflicts between conservation and equity in the post-apartheid state“. SURG Journal 4, Nr. 1 (05.10.2010): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v4i1.1196.

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South Africa faces water scarcity due to the contribution of climatic, geographic, and human variables. As reported by Statistics South Africa, persistent water scarcity and distributional inequity has arisen in a changing political arena from the period of colonization to the most recent chapter of South African governance from 1994 onwards [1]. In the policy context of a state struggling with the legacy of apartheid, conflicts regarding the pricing of freshwater resources have arisen [2]. With discrepancies between the higher price for water required to promote efficiency and conservation, and the alternative pricing system that would meet the South Africa’s responsibility to improve distributional fairness, the most recent challenges took place between 1994 and 2000 [3]. Consequently, the predominant problem linked to South Africa’s freshwater resources is how to allocate water amongst the competing uses of long term environmental and human welfare, without compromising the needs of the country’s urban poor. One perspective, which can provide insight on the issue of water scarcity in South Africa, is free market environmentalism. This branch of economic thought supports a system of water markets with prices that reflect the true cost of providing the resources along with subsidies to address the needs of the poor. Based on an evaluation of the impact of market incentives in South Africa since the 2001 market reforms, it has been determined that a pragmatic, free market environmentalist approach to water can yield economically efficient outcomes for the resource while mitigating distributional equity issues.

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Frølund, Sune. „Environmentalism Without Nature? Steven Vogel’s post-natural environmental philosophy“. Nordicum-Mediterraneum 15, Nr. 3 (November 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/nm.15.3.7.

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Over the last 30 years quite a few writers have attacked the concept of nature as either ambiguous, meaningless, nostalgic or conservative (Foucault, Rorty, Latour, Descola etc.). Common for them have been their basis in some variant of constructivism or postmodernism. The attacks have appeared simultaneously with a slowly growing concern over our precarious relation to the natural environment. From his background in Critical Theory philosopher Steven Vogel has reacted to the environmental challenge by developing a postnatural, radical constructivistic environmental philosophy. My paper demonstrates the incoherence of Vogel’s theory and argues that a viable environmental philosophy needs to rehabilitate the concept of nature.

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Pihkala, Panu. „Rediscovery of Early Twentieth-Century Ecotheology“. Open Theology 2, Nr. 1 (28.01.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2016-0023.

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AbstractIn this article, I examine the early history of Christian environmentalism (“ecotheology”) in the twentieth century. I delineate four strands of early ecotheology: agrarian ecotheology; social Christianity; British contributions; and “post-liberal” foundations for later ecotheological movements. I show that ecotheology was a slowly-rising movement, which had notable proponents. I argue that these early ecotheologians are significant for several reasons. First, these writings support the view that there are momentous roots of environmentalism in the late 19th and early 20th Century. Second, these texts reveal important information about the relation of Christian and other environmentalism. Third, early ecotheologians contributed to discussion about themes which would later form distinctive environmental disciplines, such as environmental aesthetics, education, ethics, history and philosophy. Their thoughts offer interesting reflections pointing to these fields. Fourth, the contributions by the early ecotheologians are not only historically interesting, but they have relevance for the current discussion. These theologians were in a special position to notice the major changes brought by technological development in the twentieth century and they provided important critical reflections about these issues. Because they developed their thought independently, they display creative thinking, although often in an unfinished manner.

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„Amy Samuelson, Becoming a tree hugger: youth environmentalism in Chişinău, Moldova“. PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 1, Nr. 1-2 (30.12.2013): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v1i1-2_13.

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This paper focuses on Ecoweek, an environmental project for young people in Moldova, in order to explore the themes of post-Soviet cultural identity construction and the adaptation of Western ideas to local contexts. It considers how Ecoweek participants’ establishment of international connections allowed them to create an environmentalism that was cosmopolitan, yet distinctly Moldovan. Their approach reflects the strong global awareness of many urban young people in Moldova, who often look outside of the country for opportunities. The paper argues that students’ participation in the project was related not just to a determination to solve environmental problems, but also to a desire to be part of a global trend, to gain experience, and to make useful contacts. Moreover, it suggests that the same factors leading the students to produce a globally informed environmentalism also made it difficult to build a lasting movement

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