Zeitschriftenartikel: „Post-conflict planning“

1

Guttal, Shalmali. "The Politics of Post-war/post-Conflict Reconstruction." Development 48, no. 3 (2005): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100169.

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2

Hoeffler, Anke. "Post‐conflict stabilization in Africa." Review of Development Economics 23, no. 3 (2019): 1238–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12601.

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3

Van Gennip, Jos. "Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development." Development 48, no. 3 (2005): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100158.

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4

Cunningham, Tim. "Changing direction: Defensive planning in a post-conflict city." City 18, no. 4-5 (2014): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.939466.

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5

Wittke, Cindy. "Post-Soviet Conflict Potentials." Europe-Asia Studies 72, no. 2 (2020): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2020.1732119.

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6

Earnest, James. "Post-conflict reconstruction – a case study in Kosovo." International Journal of Emergency Services 4, no. 1 (2015): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-02-2015-0009.

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Purpose – Rehabilitation and reconstruction of social and economic infrastructure in a post-conflict environment are complex, long-debated issues in development cooperation. In addition to war creating large-scale human suffering, generating refugees, displacing populations, engendering psychological distress, obliterating infrastructure and transforming the economy, in post-conflict situations, deepening chaos and disorder can be found at the highest social, economic and political levels; serious developmental challenges remain insufficiently addressed. Repairing war-damaged infrastructure in order to reactivate the local economy is a challenge for all post-conflict countries. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study was designed to examine planning and execution of post-conflict reconstruction (PCR). The use of a mixed-method research approach combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection was used to explore planning and implementation of PCR infrastructure projects in Kosovo. The data collection in the field was undertaken for a period of eight weeks, from July to September 2008. A total of 420 respondents were involved in the study process, as follows: key informants (four), pilot test (12), semi-structured interviews (36), project manager/engineers survey (231), chief of mission/country director survey (117), and focus group (20). To meet the needs of the society and recognise the required functional components of project management, the overall contexts of managing projects in a post-conflict environment have been discussed in the study. Findings – Planning and implementing reconstruction projects in areas affected by conflict have proven to be far more challenging than expected and responses by practitioners, aid agencies, and government regarded as inadequate. The changing political, economic, and social factors in Kosovo after the war in 1999 have had a significant influence on the limited adoption of a project management methodology in development and reconstruction projects. The findings from the exploratory study were aimed at improving understanding of the planning, pre-designing, and implementation of infrastructure projects. The findings indicated a need to promote a better understanding of how projects are undertaken at all levels of the organisation, and to describe processes, procedures, and tools used for the actual application of projects. The findings of the study identified a poor quality of planning and implementation of reconstruction projects in an environment of complexity, change, and uncertainty. The study also raised some very significant findings for a broader approach to community involvement in project identification, planning, and implementation. Infrastructure projects implemented in Kosovo were used to develop a conceptual framework for designing projects and programmes more likely to yield positive outcomes for post-conflict society. Originality/value – The study was done by the researcher in Kosovo.

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7

Husic, S. "Children and Post-Conflict Trauma." Refugee Survey Quarterly 27, no. 4 (2008): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdn059.

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8

Shirlow, Peter. "Belfast: The ‘post-conflict’ city." Space and Polity 10, no. 2 (2006): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562570600921451.

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9

RATHMELL, ANDREW. "Planning post-conflict reconstruction in Iraq: what can we learn?" International Affairs 81, no. 5 (2005): 1013–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00500.x.

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10

Harris, Simon. "Gender, participation, and post-conflict planning in northern Sri Lanka." Gender & Development 12, no. 3 (2004): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552070412331332320.

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11

Donovan, Jenny. "Post conflict reconciliation and urban design." Australian Planner 45, no. 2 (2008): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2008.9982654.

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12

Saeed, Zaid O., Avar Almukhtar, Henry Abanda, and Joseph Tah. "BIM Applications in Post-Conflict Contexts: The Reconstruction of Mosul City." Buildings 11, no. 8 (2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080351.

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Post-conflict reconstruction has been one of the most challenging themes for the AEC industry, urban designers and planners, and related decision-makers, especially in complex urban contexts with severe destruction in terms of infrastructure. The city of Mosul in Iraq is a case where there is an urgent need for reconstruction, in particular the housing sector after the enormous destruction caused by the ISIS war of 2014–2017. Today, advanced technologies in construction present opportunities to address post-conflict reconstruction challenges. BIM has been used in recent years since it is an integrated and effective process for planning, monitoring and managing contemporary construction projects. Nevertheless, BIM has not been investigated properly in planning and managing post-conflict reconstruction, especially in developing countries. This paper discusses the potential of adopting BIM in post-conflict reconstruction through investigating the validity of the BIM process in planning and assessing possible housing solutions for the reconstruction of Mosul city, using BIM applications. The main findings suggest that BIM applications present significant potential in the process of planning, assessing and managing the reconstruction of post-conflict contexts in developing countries, where conventional methods are limited, dysfunctional and inefficient.

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Nkurunziza, Janvier D. "Growth in fragile states in Africa: Conflict and post‐conflict capital accumulation." Review of Development Economics 23, no. 3 (2018): 1202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12552.

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14

Aron, Janine. "Building institutions in post-conflict African economies." Journal of International Development 15, no. 4 (2003): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.997.

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15

Herrault, Hadrien, and Brendan Murtagh. "Shared space in post-conflict Belfast." Space and Polity 23, no. 3 (2019): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2019.1667763.

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16

Lewis, Alan. "Planning through conflict: the genesis of Sheffield's post‐war reconstruction plan." Planning Perspectives 24, no. 3 (2009): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665430902934026.

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17

Al-Chaar, Ghassan, and George Calfas. "A Systematic Methodology for Pre-Reconstruction Planning in Post Conflict Scenarios." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801913010301.

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Aim: This study aims to assist in planning the preliminary phases of pre-reconstruction. The pre-reconstruction phase is critically important to the success of any reconstruction effort. Background: The period of reconstruction following armed civilian conflict, military operation or natural disaster is a critical window of opportunity to bring stability and normalcy to a region. Stability not only depends on resilient infrastructure, but also on reliable political systems, a national identity, and an able population to sustain the economy and system of governance. Methods: It presents three foundational dimensions that contribute to creating and fostering a successful post-conflict or post-disaster environment: political reality awareness, cultural property protection, and capacity building. This study also presents a methodology that quantitatively assesses the specific elements that contribute to the success or failure of a planned reconstruction effort. Results: An in-depth understanding of the three dimensions of Political Reality, Cultural Property Protection, and Capacity Building is necessary to ensure a stable environment for any reconstruction operations to succeed without unpredicted obstacles. Conclusion: A systematic methodology of assessing the potential outcomes of an effort can guide planners to evaluate the appropriateness of the effort for the scenario as well as the probability of it achieving success.

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Murtagh, Brendan. "Ethno-Religious Segregation in Post-Conflict Belfast." Built Environment 37, no. 2 (2011): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.37.2.213.

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19

Aasoglenang, TA. "Decentralized Planning for Pre-Conflict and Post-Conflict Management in the Bawku Municipal Assembly of Ghana." Ghana Journal of Development Studies 9, no. 2 (2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjds.v9i2.4.

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20

Assem, Ayman, Sherif Abdelmohsen, and Mohamed Ezzeldin. "Smart management of the reconstruction process of post-conflict cities." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 2 (2019): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-04-2019-0099.

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Purpose Cities lying within conflict zones have continually faced hardships of both war aftermath and long-term sustainable reconstruction. Challenges have surpassed the typical question of recovery from post-conflict trauma, preserving urban heritage and iconic elements of the built environment, to face issues of critical decision making, rebuilding effectiveness and funding mechanisms, leading to time-consuming processes that lack adequate consistent long-term management. Some approaches have explored methods of effective long-term city reconstruction management but have not fully developed comprehensive approaches that alleviate the management of such complex processes. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors devise an approach for the smart management of post-conflict city reconstruction. The authors focus on evaluation, strategic planning, reconstruction projects and implementation. The authors integrate building information modeling and geographic/geospatial information systems in a platform that allows for real-time analysis, reporting, strategic planning and decision making for managing reconstruction operations and projects among involved stakeholders including government agencies, funding organizations, city managers and public participants. Findings The approach suggested a smart management system for the reconstruction process of post-conflict cities. Implementing this system was shown to provide a multi-objective solution for post-conflict city reconstruction based on its interlinked modules. Research limitations/implications Results may lack generalizability and require testing on several cases to provide rigorous findings for different case studies. Practical implications Implications include developing smart management systems for use by city managers and government authorities in post-conflict zones, as well as bottom-up decision making by including participant citizens especially populations in the diaspora. Originality/value The approach offers an integrated platform that informs city reconstruction decision makers, allowing for strategic planning tools for efficient planning, monitoring tools for continuous management during and after reconstruction, and effective platforms for communication among all stakeholders.

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Alvarez-Plata, Patricia, and Tilman Brück. "External Debt in Post-Conflict Countries." World Development 36, no. 3 (2008): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.03.002.

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22

Abdullah, Hussainatu J., Aisha F. Ibrahim, and Jamesina King. "Women's Voices, Work and Bodily Integrity in Pre-Conflict, Conflict and Post-Conflict Reconstruction Processes in Sierra Leone." IDS Bulletin 41, no. 2 (2010): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2010.00121.x.

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23

Shuey, Dean A., Fatime Arenliu Qosaj, Erik J. Schouten, and Anthony B. Zwi. "Planning for health sector reform in post-conflict situations: Kosovo 1999–2000." Health Policy 63, no. 3 (2003): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8510(02)00121-5.

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24

Dorabji, E. V. "Defying Victimhood: Women and Post-conflict Peacebuilding." Mediterranean Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2014): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10474552-2420254.

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25

Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna, and Denisa Kostovicova. "Europeanisation and conflict networks: private sector development in post-conflict Bosnia–Herzegovina." East European Politics 29, no. 1 (2013): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2012.760452.

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26

Sanchez, Omar. "Tax Reform Paralysis in Post-Conflict Guatemala." New Political Economy 14, no. 1 (2009): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563460802673325.

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27

Mitchneck, Beth, Olga V. Mayorova, and Joanna Regulska. "“Post”-Conflict Displacement: Isolation and Integration in Georgia." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 99, no. 5 (2009): 1022–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045600903279408.

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28

Dixon, Alina. "Post-conflict initiatives and the exclusion of conflict-affected young people in northern Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 59, no. 1 (2021): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x20000634.

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ABSTRACTYoung people are among the most severely impacted by conflict and as such many post-conflict initiatives are aimed at assisting them. Yet the impacts of these initiatives on young people's ability to successfully overcome the adversity they faced during conflict are not fully understood. This paper attempts to examine these impacts by conceptualising post-conflict initiatives as enmeshed within young people's social environments. It argues that post-conflict initiatives are intimately connected to broader processes of exclusion from social systems such as the family. While these systems had previously served to protect young people against adversity, conflict and post-conflict initiatives have disrupted their ability to continue this mission. In particular, the structure and function of the family system are examined to demonstrate the types of disruptions that have taken place that have ultimately negatively impacted the landscape in which young people develop.

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Stein, Barry N., and Frederick C. Cuny. "Refugee repatriation during conflict: Protection and post-return assistance." Development in Practice 4, no. 3 (1994): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096145249100077811.

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30

Mancusi-Materi, Elena. "Food Aid for Social Development in Post-Conflict Situations." Development 43, no. 3 (2000): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1110181.

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31

Kato, Takaaki, Itsuki Nakabayashi, and Taro Ichiko. "Development of Planning Support System for Urban Rehabilitation and Reconstruction." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 6 (2008): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0422.

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The past post-disaster recovery process had many difficulties in planning. The importance of residents participatory urban planning is true of post-disaster planning and ordinary planning; however, there are difficult problems as follows: time-scale conflict between desire of affected households for swift recovery of their individual lives and enough consideration of urban planning to avoid speed-before-quality planning, unsmooth discussion and consensus building because of mutual conflict of their interest in the residents, and a shortage of professionals in the case that an earthquake disaster hits wide and high-density urbanized region. The concept of "pre-disaster planning" has been propounded as measures to deal with these serious situations after 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu Earthquake in Japan. Actual measures including "neighborhood community-training program for post-disaster recovery" of Tokyo Metropolitan have been implemented in various approaches. This study has pioneering approach in this context. We focus on planning support technologies based on a geographic information system (GIS) and establish planning support system for post-disaster community-based urban planning, which will smooth discussion and increase efficiency of planning work. An introduction of the system will result in reduction of total time needed on the planning process and supplement of professionals. Though there are some problems that we identified, they will be solved in accumulated experiences such as the training program in the near future.

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Dahrendorf, N. "Sexual Violence in Conflict and Post Conflict: A Need for More Focused Action." Refugee Survey Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2004): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/23.2.7.

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Robinson, Joseph S., and Andrew G. McClelland. "Troubling places: Walking the “troubling remnants” of post‐conflict space." Area 52, no. 3 (2020): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12616.

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Hlavac, Jim. "Pre- and post-conflict language designations and language policies." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 27, no. 2 (2015): 238–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.27.2.04hla.

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This paper examines the reported actions and strategies of translators working in three closely related languages, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, which have recently undergone re-codification in countries that have greatly changed their language planning and language policy regulations. The legacy of former and unofficial designations such as ‘Serbo-Croatian’ or ‘Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian’ within the post-conflict situation is contextualised and translators’ decisionmaking processes and reported strategies in relation to language form and designation are examined. The paper seeks to demonstrate the explanatory power of Toury’s notion of norms as a framework to account for new regularities of practice. Texts identified to be different from their nominal code, or market requests to work from or into unofficial designations are now problematised and re-negotiated as secondary practices or a less commonly reported behaviour. The paper extends and applies the notion of norms to the social and occupational, macro-pragmatic role that translators occupy.

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Koser, K. "Vincent Chetail (ed.), Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: A Lexicon." Refugee Survey Quarterly 28, no. 1 (2009): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdp024.

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36

Murtagh, Brendan, and Aisling Murphy. "Environmental Affordances and Children in Post-conflict Belfast." Space and Polity 15, no. 1 (2011): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2011.567903.

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Azarya, Victor. "Ethnicity and conflict management in post-colonial Africa." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 9, no. 3 (2003): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110412331301455.

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38

Legacy, Crystal, Jonathan Metzger, Wendy Steele, and Enrico Gualini. "Beyond the post-political: Exploring the relational and situated dynamics of consensus and conflict in planning." Planning Theory 18, no. 3 (2019): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095219845628.

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This Special Issue explores the problematique of the consensus and conflict binary that has emerged in the critical analysis of the post-political urban condition. Focusing on the interstitial spaces existing between consensus and conflict reveals a more relational dynamic that positions consensus and conflict as co-constitutive and continuously being shaped by the performance of politics by state and non-state actors. Critiques of the post-political tend to fail to engage with the conditions that lead to citizen actors acting in political ways beyond the formal processes of planning and decision-making, or when consensus or conflict is used by oppressive politics to produce exclusion and reproduce inequality. In addition to introducing the five papers appearing in this special issue, in this opening editorial, we argue the need to cast attention towards the new expressions of political participation generated by different citizen actors. Critically engaging with these varied expressions may reveal new ways of conceptualising participation that can create new informal spaces where injustices and inequalities are voiced and the structures and hegemonies created are exposed.

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Zweig, David. "Prosperity and Conflict in Post-Mao Rural China." China Quarterly 105 (March 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000036742.

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In 1980 the People's Daily reported that 200 million Chinese peasants were living below the poverty line, while in 1982 Vicepremier Wan Li admitted the “for many years in the past, more than 150 million peasants had not solved the problem of not having enough to eat.” To enrich the rural economy, Party leaders called on peasants to pursue numerous private roads to prosperity. The new policy, highlighted by the phrase “permit some peasants to get rich first” (rang yixie nongmin xian fuqilai), allows households who are more industrious, more innovative and, of course, those with better personal and economic ties, to utilize their skills, personal relationships, excess labour power, and comparative advantages to accrue wealth quickly.

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Marsh, Christopher. "The Religious Dimension of Post-Communist “Ethnic” Conflict." Nationalities Papers 35, no. 5 (2007): 811–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990701651802.

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Common religious, cultural, and ethnic bonds can hold communities together, while differences along these same lines often lead to calls for national independence, complicate nation building, and confound inter-communal peacemaking efforts. In particular, when religious differences exist between groups in conflict there is a marked tendency for such differences to become emphasized. This is not to say that religion is the root cause of all internecine and inter-communal conflict, which certainly is not the case. But conflicts become fundamentally altered as they rage on, and factors that were at the root cause of a conflict at its outset may no longer be the primary causes in later stages. That is, once conflicts have significantly evolved, thepriorcauses may no longer be theprimarycauses.

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Bruch, Carl, Erika Weinthal, and Jessica Troell. "Water law and governance in post-conflict settings." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 29, no. 1 (2020): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12319.

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VAN LEEUWEN, MATHIJS. "To Conform or to Confront? CSOs and Agrarian Conflict in Post-Conflict Guatemala." Journal of Latin American Studies 42, no. 1 (2010): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x10000064.

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AbstractThis article is about the role of civil society after violent conflict. It argues that the transformations that civil society organisations (CSOs) make are more ambiguous than supporting donors and NGOs presume. The article analyses how, ten years after the 1996 peace agreements, Guatemalan CSOs deal with agrarian conflict. It discusses in detail the case of a church-related organisation assisting peasants with agrarian conflicts and the challenges it faced in defining its strategies. The article argues that supporting donors and NGOs should stop seeing the difficulties of organisational change in post-conflict situations exclusively in terms of the internal incapacities of civil society. Instead, they should re-politicise their analyses and focus on the importance of broader social and political processes in post-conflict settings for the strategic options open to CSOs.

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Luciak, Ilja. "Democracy and its Discontents: Life in post-conflict Central America." Development 43, no. 3 (2000): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1110168.

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Belal, Ali, and Elena Shcherbina. "Post-war Planning for Urban Cultural Heritage Recovery." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 05054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305054.

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The purpose of the research is to present guidelines and recommendations that can contribute to the post-war recovery of urban cultural heritage by a proposed methodology, based on other experiences in the reconstruction and preservation field of historical areas after wars, with the possibility of applying them, as an attempt to regain the features of the old part of the city. We also suggest those suggestions and guidance on three different levels. These guidelines are applicable at three levels: the historic core of the city, neighbourhood level, and individual quarters level. Each level had a specific theme for reconstruction planning that can maintain the city’s particular character during the current circumstances. Many cities have been heavily damaged as a result of the armed conflict in Syria, destroying most of the city’s neighbourhoods, including the historic district. Hence, we present a study of the consequences of this destruction on the historic fabric of the city, and search for the best solutions to give it the needed protection. Finally, the results and recommendations of this research will lead to developing answers to deal with historic centres and historic buildings that have been damaged by the armed conflict and were neglected before the war. The goal of this research is to identify fundamental principles that can lead to a successful reconstruction process while also preserving the city’s cultural identity.

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Ghufran, Nasreen. "Afghanistan in 2006: The Complications of Post-Conflict Transition." Asian Survey 47, no. 1 (2007): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2007.47.1.87.

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The year 2006 in Afghanistan began with the functioning of a democratically elected parliament——a bold and positive step forward in institution-building. Development and reconstruction have continued at a slow pace. Security has sharply deteriorated, and the Taliban insurgency has become more violent in spite of the enlarged International Security Assistance Force. Opium production has increased to record levels, leading to a boom in the drug trade.

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Reddy, PS. "Evolving local government in post conflict South Africa: Where to?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 7 (2018): 710–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218809079.

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Protracted negotiations between the main role-players steered in the new South African state on 27 April 1994 and final Constitution, 1996 , which constitutionalised local government. A cursory analysis points to some municipalities which are pockets of excellence; however, local government generally is in ‘distress’. Local communities are rapidly losing confidence in the system as the majority of municipalities are unable to discharge even basic functions. Local government has been characterised by violent service delivery protests; abuse of political power and increasing corruption; financial challenges; poor infrastructure planning/maintenance/investment; political strife and factionalism and staff turbulence. Despite governmental interventions to improve local governance, there are still major constraints hampering good governance, namely political posturing and factionalism; corruption; lawlessness and poor service delivery, symptomatic of virtually all post conflict states. Good local governance is an integral part of post conflict reconstruction and development and is key to building a new local government dispensation.

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Saadé-Sbeih, Myriam, François Zwahlen, Ahmed Haj Asaad, Raoul Gonzalez, and Ronald Jaubert. "Post conflict water management: learning from the past for recovery planning in the Orontes River basin." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (October 17, 2016): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-17-2016.

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Abstract. Water management is a fundamental issue in post-conflict planning in Syria. Based on historical water balance assessment, this study identifies the drivers of the profound changes that took place in the Lebanese and Syrian parts of the Orontes River basin since the 1930s. Both drastic effects of the conflict on the hydro-system and the strong uncontrolled anthropization of the river basin prior to the crisis have to be considered in the design of recovery interventions.

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Fleck, Dieter. "The Interplay Between ‘Peacetime’ Law and the Law of Armed Conflict: Consequences for Post-Conflict Peacebuilding." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 26, no. 2 (2021): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krab007.

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Abstract Focussing on the interplay between rules of international law applicable in peacetime and rules applicable during armed conflicts, this contribution examines the impact on the jus post bellum. In this context certain specific legal obligations are discussed to answer the question whether and if so, how their application post-conflict may be affected by the peacebuilding process after the (former) armed conflict. Essential norms of the protection of victims during armed conflicts continue to be relevant for peace operations and post-conflict peacebuilding. This includes guiding principles and effective measures of control for operational detentions; law enforcement operations to secure the security and safety of peacekeepers; the protection of the environment and efforts to strengthen the role of States and international organizations as well as their accountability in post-conflict reconstruction. The author demonstrates that jus post bellum requires due diligence during military operations, responsible planning and precautions. He submits that post-conflict peacebuilding should be characterized by pragmatic limitation, conciliation and participation of the parties. This suggests certain deviations from peacetime principles and rules, deviations that may include certain limits of protection which will, however, be balanced out by the temporary nature of peacebuilding measures. While such interplay between the different branches of international law remains subject to changing situations, a few general principles are considered to be relevant for the jus post bellum. Even if codification remains difficult, further case-oriented research is encouraged to confirm general principles and rules of this important branch of international law.

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Haas, Tigran. "Economic agendas, strategy and proactive planning in post-conflict reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 3, no. 5 (2006): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2006.010547.

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50

Lewis, Alan. "Planning through conflict: competing approaches in the preparation of Sheffield's post-war reconstruction plan." Planning Perspectives 28, no. 1 (2013): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2013.737716.

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