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Ward, Maxine. „The experience of adolescents and parents after divorce finalisation (post-divorce) and the effects on adolescent psychosocial development“. University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7383.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Divorce is a world-wide phenomenon. Divorce means the ending of a marriage after a period of unity and bonding; and thus it can take a long time to recover emotionally, particularly for children. Concerningly, half of marriages ends in divorce. Studies found that divorce has an effect on the well-being, behaviour and actions of both adults and children. Children’s lives change irrevocably and it can be contributed to the parents’ separation or divorce. The manner in which children respond emotionally and psychologically to divorce is dependent on their age, and this event could be both confusing and traumatising. The adolescent stage is viewed as the most vulnerable stage of development, where identity is the primary focus; and thus these children are most severely impacted by their parents’ divorce. There was a dearth of studies on the effects of divorce on adolescents after the divorce finalisation, known as post-divorce phase, and thus no clear interventions.
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Lancaster-Knobel, Esther S. „Correlates of verbal aggression and physical aggression among post- adolescent students“. Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/826.
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This study explored the correlation between verbal aggression and physical aggression among post-adolescent students, and included demographic factors such as biological sex, socioeconomic status, and the highest education level achieved by parents. The study is predicated on a paucity of evidence regarding the relationship among these factors in young adults. Two-hundred thirty-eight community college students responded to a self-report questionnaire designed to measure individual differences and demographic characteristics. Results indicate that verbal aggression and physical aggression are significantly correlated and that males report higher verbal aggression than females. Gender differences for physical aggression were not significantly different. None of the other demographic variables demonstrated significant differences. Implications are discussed in terms of societal benefits of preventative treatment for verbal aggression and the role that communication scholarship and education might play in intervention.
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Vasile, Jennifer. „Crise de l'autorité et processus de radicalisation chez des adolescents et post- adolescents en France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCH041.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour objet d’étude la trajectoire psychique et identitaire des adolescents et post adolescents concernés par le phénomène de la radicalisation.Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’affiner et d’élargir notre compréhension des dynamiques complexes et des vulnérabilités individuelles et collectives qui sous-tendent le phénomène de radicalisation chez les adolescents et post-adolescents. La recherche repose sur une approche psychodynamique qui vise à explorer à la fois les aspects individuels et contextuels, pouvant mettre en lumière la complexité multidimensionnelle de la radicalisation.La méthodologie de la recherche intègre trois études qualitatives distinctes pour recueillir différentes perspectives. L’ensemble des études ont été réalisées à travers des entretiens semi-directif. La première étude, comprend une analyse thématique sur la trajectoire des jeunes concernés par le phénomène de la radicalisation et le regard de leur famille sur celle-ci. La deuxième étude, concerne l’analyse thématique du discours des professionnels confrontés au phénomène de radicalisation dans leur travail au quotidien. Cette étude vise à enrichir la compréhension globale de la radicalisation. La dernière étude, rapporte l’analyse d’une étude de cas détaillé sur le parcours d’un jeune concerné par la radicalisation. Cette étude permet une exploration plus précise des dynamiques psychiques, sociales et identitaires sous-jacentes, offrant des perspectives de réflexions sur les forces invisibles qui peuvent pousser un individu vers des chemins radicaux.Les résultats de cette recherche montrent un lien entre la crise de l’autorité et le phénomène de radicalisation. Ils mettent en avant que la radicalisation des adolescents et post adolescents va au-delà d'une adhésion à une idéologie extrême, elle est aussi un symptôme révélateur de vulnérabilités profondes. Ces vulnérabilités sont liées à des dynamiques sociétales, familiales et individuelles caractérisées par une carence symbolique, une crise de l’autorité.Les résultats montrent la nécessité de repenser les structures de l’autorité, en prenant en compte l'impact des traumatismes transgénérationnels et appelle à une réflexion approfondie sur l’influence potentielle des médias dans l’aliénation des jeunes. C’est un appel à l'empathie, à l’éthique, à l’humanité au dialogue et à une analyse critique et constructive des forces invisibles qui modèlent l’identification des jeunes dans notre société hypermoderneThis doctoral thesis focuses on the psychological and identity trajectories of adolescents and post-adolescents affected by the phenomenon of radicalization.The main objective of this thesis is to refine and broaden our understanding of the complex dynamics and individual and collective vulnerabilities that underlie the phenomenon of radicalization among adolescents and post-adolescents. The research is based on a psychodynamic approach that seeks to explore both individual and contextual aspects, shedding light on the multidimensional complexity of radicalization.The research methodology integrates three distinct qualitative studies to gather diverse perspectives. All studies were conducted using semi-structured interviews. The first study includes a thematic analysis of the trajectories of young individuals affected by the radicalization phenomenon and their families' perspectives on it. The second study focuses on the thematic analysis of the discourse of professionals confronted with the phenomenon of radicalization in their daily work. This study aims to enhance the overall understanding of radicalization. The last study reports an in-depth case study analysis of the journey of a young individual affected by radicalization. This study allows a more precise exploration of the underlying psychological, social, and identity dynamics, providing insights into the unseen forces that can push an individual towards radical paths.The results of this research show a link between the crisis of authority and the phenomenon of radicalization. They highlight that the radicalization of adolescents and post-adolescents goes beyond mere adherence to an extreme ideology; it is also a revealing symptom of deep vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are tied to societal, familial, and individual dynamics characterized by a symbolic deficiency and a crisis of authority.The findings emphasize the need to rethink the structures of authority, taking into account the impact of transgenerational traumas and prompting deep reflection on the potential influence of media in the alienation of young people. It is a call for empathy, ethics, humanity, dialogue, and a critical and constructive analysis of the unseen forces shaping young people's identification in our hypermodern society
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Jin, Keyin. „Post Abortion Care for Chinese Adolescents Who from Suffer Psychological Challenges“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1523634578717486.
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Gindt, Morgane. „Perspectives développementales des marqueurs cognitifs du décours temporel des symptômes ESPT“. Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2027/document.
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Ce travail examine l’impact de la symptomatologie liée à l’état de stress post-traumatisme sur certains processus cognitifs, comme l’attention, la mémoire ou encore les fonctions exécutives, auprès d’enfants, d’adolescents et d’adultes. La première étude, évaluant l’attention, a mis en évidence que les enfants ayant des symptômes sub-cliniques ESPT se caractérisent par des biais attentionnels affectant les mots négatifs et reliés au traumatisme vécu, alors que les adultes n’en présentent que pour les items reliés au traumatisme. Les mécanismes inhibiteurs, chez les enfants ESPT, sont altérés pour les informations liées à la peur. Les adultes, en revanche, ont des troubles pour ces items uniquement lorsqu’ils ont un trouble comorbide. De surcroît, ce travail a permis de montrer que les troubles cognitifs présents dans l’ESPT sont intermittents, chez l’adolescent. En phase symptomatologique, les patients ESPT se distinguent par une diminution des performances pour la mémoire épisodique, la mémoire de travail et l’inhibition des informations liées à la peur. Lors de la rémission, les déficits cognitifs apparaissent comme plus importants, affectant la mémoire à court terme, la mémoire de travail, la mémoire épisodique, la vitesse de traitement de l’information. Trois mois après la rémission, ces déficits ne sont plus présents. Enfin, des marqueurs cliniques et cognitifs du risque de maintien ou de réapparition des symptômes ESPT ont été trouvés. Parmi eux la réaction subjective face au traumatisme, les symptômes résiduels, le fonctionnement de la mémoire épisodique ou encore les troubles attentionnels (inhibition et biais attentionnels) pourraient permettre d’identifier des profils d’individus présentant des risques de rechute importants. De façon générale, ce travail met en évidence les conséquences cognitives spécifiques des traumatismes dans l’enfance, ainsi que le rôle majeur de la comorbidité dans le maintien de ces déficitsThis work examine PTSD symptoms impact on cognition: attention, memory and executive functions to child, adolescent and adult. The first study, on attention, shows that child with sub-Clinical PTSD symptoms are characterized by attentional bias for negative and threat-Related stimuli. Adults have attentional impairment only for threat-Related information. Anxious symptoms leads to a generalization of attentional bias for child and adult. Inhibition, for PTSD child, present a deficit for threat-Related faces. This work shows that cognitive impairment on PTSD adolescents are irregular. During symptomatic phase, episodic memory, working memory and inhibition for threat-Related information are degraded. After therapy, cognitive impairment are more important: short-Term memory, working memory, episodic memory, treatment of information are distorted. Attentional bias for threat-Related stimuli and inhibition difficulties for anger and happy faces appear. Three month after, these impairment are not presented.Also, clinical and cognitive markers of chronic PTSD or relapse are found. Traumatic distress, residual symptoms, episodic memory or attentional impairment (attentional bias and inhibition) are identified as risk markers for PTSD. This work shows cognitive consequences of trauma in childhood and major function of co-Morbidity on these consequences
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Kahn, Lauren. „Sexual subjects : a feminist post-structuralist analysis of female adolescent sexual subjectivity and agency“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10640.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-169).Research and intervention into female adolescent sexual health in the context of HIV/AIDS have been dominated by individualistic, cognitive perspectives, which present sexuality as a site of rational, individual choice and agency. A paradigm shift has occurred in recent years, advanced with the realisation that decision-making around sexual health is not driven by rational reasoning alone but, rather, is complexly intertwined with social/discursive constructions of gender and sexuality which, in turn, are enmeshed with processes of signification and relations of power. Drawing upon feminist, post-structuralist and discourse analytic theoretical, methodological and analytical frames, the study focuses on the discourses available to young women for making meaning out of their experiences with their bodies, their relationships and sexual choices, and explores how gendered constructions of (female adolescent) sexuality alternatively enable or undermine adolescent girls' sexual health.
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Marks, Beulah. „Psychotherapy with an adolescent girl in a mixed-race stepfamily in post-apartheid South Africa“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12008.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis explored issues brought to therapy by a biracial stepfamily in post-apartheid South Africa. Since this is likely to become a more common family type, the thesis examined the literature on biracial stepfamilies , so as to reflect on the therapy and determine whether race and cultural differences were the most important cause of family dysfunction. While race and culture emerged as an important stressor, pathology in the family system was found to be crucial in the therapy. Considerations for counsellors are addressed and further South African research in this area is called for.
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Powers, Derek Justin. „Adolescent Behavioral Adjustment in Girls Adopted from China: Examining Pre-adoption and Post-adoption Factors“. Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5559.
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Despite research that indicates that internationally adopted children are at greater risk for poor developmental outcomes than their non-adopted peers (Bimmel, Juffer, IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2003; Juffer, & van IJzendoorn, 2005), girls adopted from China into Western culture tend to thrive, exhibiting high self-esteem, low behavior problems (i.e., both externalizing and internalizing), and excelling academically (Rojewski, Shapiro, & Shapiro, 2000; Tan & Jordan-Arthur, 2012). However, few studies have examined whether this trend continues into adolescence, as well as to what factors lead to these positive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of mental health outcomes among internationally adopted adolescent Chinese girls, particularly factors that predicted levels of internalizing pathology (e.g., depression and anxiety) in adolescence. To fulfill this purpose, a secondary data analysis (N = 167) of information collected as part of a longitudinal study of U.S. international adoptions of Chinese children (2005-present) was completed using a hierarchical regression approach. Overall, these variables (e.g., age at adoption, pre-adoption adversity, family stress, parenting style, adolescent self-esteem, and academic competence) predicted 35% of the variance in internalizing behavior outcomes. The positive adjustment that has been seen in childhood continued to adolescence in this study, with 88% of the adolescent girls reporting Total Internalizing T-scores of less than 60 (i.e., in the normal range) on the Youth Self-Report form on the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001b). Authoritative parenting style and self-esteem showed the strongest relations to internalizing behaviors. Implications of the study for practice and discussion of future research based on these findings are explored.
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Warren, Keith Clements. „Family Environment, Affect, Ambivalence and Decisions About Unplanned Adolescent Pregnancy“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331841/.
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This study investigated the relationships among family environment, demographic measures, the decisions made by unintentionally pregnant adolescents regarding post-delivery plans (stay single, get married, adoption), and the certainty with which these decisions were made. The Information Sheet, Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1981), and Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1965a) were administered to 17 5 pregnant adolescents, ages 14 through 22, who intended to carry their pregnancies to term. Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple regression analyses were utilized to assess the relationships between family environment and certainty of decision and between family environment and negative affect. Greater uncertainty was associated with nonwhite racial status and living with both natural parents or mother only. Higher levels of negative affect were related to lower levels of perceived family cohesion, independence, expressiveness, and intellectualcultural orientation. The demographic variables of age, trimester of pregnancy, and family constellation were also found to be useful in predicting levels of negative affect. Subjects who were older, further along in their pregnancies, and living with both natural parents or mother only tended to report greater negative affect. Findings of greater uncertainty and negative affect associated with living with the natural mother are consistent with previous reports of disturbed mother-daughter relationships among this population.
Discriminant analysis revealed that subjects choosing adoption were more likely to be older and to be white than those choosing to keep the child. They also tended to perceive higher levels of expressiveness and independence in their families. Comparisons between the present sample and "normal" families revealed differences which were statistically significant, but quite small in terms of raw score units. Indeed, these groups may be more similar than has often been assumed. The implications of these findings for the delivery of services and for future research efforts in this area were discussed. More intensive assessment of family functioning is needed. Based upon present results, further investigation of the family constellation variable is warranted.
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Hatherill, Mark. „The relationship between metabolic acidosis, lactate, the lactate:pyruvate ratio, and outcome, in children with post-operative cardiogenic and septic shock“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11362.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-112).Measures of the severity of metabolic acidosis (base excess) and of the severity of the underlying acid-base derangements (levels of lactate, chloride, albumin, and strong ion gap) have been used to differentiate survivors from nonsurvivors in various types of adult critical illness, including states of severe hamodynamic compromise following cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and in septic shock. prognostic studies of acid-base data for critically ill children in the settings of post-operative cardiogenci shock and septic shock are relatively scarce. It has been suggested that hyperchloraemia migh be a benign phenomenon that should not prompt escalation of therapy. Although it is recognised that hypoalbuminaemia is associated with adverse outcome, and obscrues the extent of underlying metabolic acidosis, the significance of 'unmeasured' anions estimated from the strong ion gap remains controversial. It has been suggested that the admission lactate level is strongly predictive of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) outcome in both shock states, but it is not known whether calculation of the lactate: pyruvate ratio would add prognostic value in children with either post-operative cardiogenic, or septic shock.
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Kelly, William Stephen. „The impact of Hurricane Katrina on adolescent psychological adjustment and adaptation in Southeast Louisiana“. Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Söderberg, Tobias. „Effekter av Post Activation Potentiation inför explosiva träningspass inriktade på styrka och effektutveckling hos elitjuniorer“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153871.
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Power has been proven to be an important factor for sport performance, especially in sports where accelerations, decelerations, jumping or throwing are of great importance. Post activation potentiation (PAP) induced by heavy exercise has been reported as an acute and effective method in improving individuals’ power output. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PAP during warm up on strength and power among elite junior athletes. Methods; 12 elite junior athletes from Kuortane sports gymnasium, Finland, participated in this study. Participants were allocated in two groups (Intervention’s and Control group) in a counterbalanced order. All participants performed a 1RM bench press test and a power-velocity test pre and post a 6-weeks training period. During the training period performed Intervention’s group 2 sets of 3 reps benchpress at 90% of 1RM during the warm up of each strength training session, while Control group performed the same supplement at the end of the strength training sessions. Results:Results didn’t show any significant increases in 1RM bench press for either the intervention’s group or the control group. There were no significant increases observed in the power velocity test in any of the test groups either. 35% 1RM (C= -9, I= +45, P=0,13), 45% 1RM (C= +10, I= +25, P=0,57), 55% 1RM (C= -25, I= +36, P=0,008), 65% 1RM (C= -1, I= +40, P=0,26) samt 75% 1RM (C= -18, I= +30, P=0,14). (Watt, mean value) Discussion:1RM and power velocity did not differ significantly neither between groups nor in the pre vs. post measurements. Intervention’s group showed a larger improvement in power-velocity on 55% of 1RM compared to the control group but the effect size was rather low and therefore no significant conclusions can be drawn. Statistics have clearly shown that larger testing groups or/and a longer training period are needed in order to test the PAP hypothesis.Power är en fysisk faktor som är viktig för prestation i de flesta idrotter, framförallt där aktioner i form av hopp, kast och accelerationer är väsentliga. Post activation potentiation (PAP) har i ett flertal studier visat sig kunna förbättra effektutvecklingen i musklerna under en kortare tid hos tränade individer. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det genom applicering av PAP i uppvärmning inför styrketräningen går att förbättra utfallet av styrka och powerökning hos elit juniorer. Metod: 12 Elitidrottsjuniorer från Kuortane idrottsgymnasiet, Finland deltog i studien. Deltagarna delades upp i två grupper (en interventions- och en kontrollgrupp) och de fick utföra ett 1RM bänkpress test samt power-velocitytest före och efter en träningsperiod på 6 veckor. Interventionsgruppen utförde två set bänkpress med 3 reps på 90% av 1RM inför varje styrkepass, medan kontrollgruppen utförde en likadan intervention vid slutet av varje styrkepass. Statistiska analyser genomfördes genom two way ANOVA. Resultat: Resultatet visade ingen signifikant ökning i 1RM bänkpress i varken interventionsgruppen eller kontrollgruppen. Det visade heller ingen signifikant förbättring på någon av belastningarna i power-velocitytestet. 35% av 1RM (K= -9, I= +45, P=0,13), 45% av 1RM (K= +10, I= +25, P=0,57), 55% av 1RM (K= -25, I= +36, P=0,008), 65% av 1RM (K= -1, I= +40, P=0,26) samt 75% av 1RM (K= -18, I= +30, P=0,14). (Watt, medelvärde) Diskussion: Studien visade ingen signifikant förändring mellan före och eftertesterna mellan de två testgrupperna, varken i 1RM testet eller power-velocitytestet efter de 6 träningsveckorna. Interventionsgruppen visade en större ökning än kontrollgruppen i power-velocitytestet på 55% av 1RM men eftersom effect size är så låg kan resultaten inte anses som signifikanta. Statistiken visar att större testgrupper och/eller längre träningsperiod behövs för att PAP hypotesen skall kunna testas.
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Huprich, Madeline R. „Association of Post Intervention Fullness Factor and Dietary Intake, Blood Pressure, and BMI among Hypertensive Adolescents on a DASH Dietary Intervention“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626357048879824.
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Onasoga, Olayinka Abolore. „Challenges and barriers to adolescents' post-abortion care services: Implications for reproductive health policy in Nigeria“. University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6503.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe prevention of abortion related complications and mortality is dependent on the availability, accessibility and usability of emergency post-abortion care (PAC) throughout the health care system. Unfortunately, abortion is not legal in Nigeria and Nigerian women, especially adolescents, are often unable to obtain adequate post-abortion care services due to a variety of reasons. A review of literature shows that adolescent PAC patients receive worse care than older women seeking PAC services. There is widespread recognition of the need to overcome these barriers and make it easier for women to obtain the PAC services they need. Therefore, overall aim of this research study was to provide empirical information on the barriers and challenges to adolescents' PAC and develop a policy document to inform reproductive health services for Nigerian hospitals. To develop this policy document, the study specifically sought to assess knowledge of reproductive-health and related post-abortion care services among health care providers; describe the adolescents' perception of post-abortion care received; determine the service providers' perspectives on adolescents' post-abortion care challenges and barriers; analyze the challenges and barriers faced by adolescents in obtaining post-abortion care services; explore ways in which the knowledge about challenges and barriers to adolescents' post-abortion care can be used to inform policy; develop policy document and make recommendations in key areas to improved PAC services in Nigeria as part of working towards improving reproductive health services.
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Dagg, William. „The Pain is Far from Over: Exploring the Experiences of Parents and Adolescents Following Discharge After Inpatient Surgery“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39556.
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Background: Pain management is a major issue in post-operative care. Little is known about the pain management experiences of parents and adolescents following discharge from inpatient surgery. Studies examining pain outcomes following day surgery suggest that children often experience severe pain and parents are challenged in providing pain care.
Objective: To explore the pain management experiences of parents and adolescents following discharge from hospital after inpatient surgery.
Results: Thematic analysis found that parents and adolescents were challenged in providing pain care. School return was more difficult than anticipated yet parents and adolescents were unsure how to navigate pain at school. Discharge education focused on analgesic management, leaving participants to discover non-pharmacological strategies on their own.
Conclusions: Recovery from post-operative pain following inpatient surgery is challenging; nurses and healthcare professionals need to better prepare parents and adolescents to meet pain care needs following discharge.
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Nguyen, Lananh Josephine. „The impact of childhood trauma on treatment response of depressed adolescents /“. view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276405561&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kangaude, Godfrey Dalitso. „A feminist post-structuralist critique of the transformative potential of Malawi’s gender equality law to promote adolescent sexual health“. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73213.
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Malawi enacted the Gender Equality Act (GEA) in 2013 to address gender inequality and promote sexual health and rights. The question the thesis addresses is whether the GEA itself an artefact of the very culture it would want to transform, could contribute to the transformation of social norms to improve the sexual health trajectories of adolescents. The thesis employs a hybrid approach to addressing the question, using a legal doctrinal methodology in combination with a feminist poststructural methodology of discourse analysis. The important assumption the thesis makes is that the GEA is part of a broader framework of discourse. The GEA as discourse draws upon prevailing discourses that shape people’s experience of sexuality. This is a challenge because the GEA’s conceptualisation of gender inequality and its implementation is influenced by the prevailing dominant gender discourses.
The thesis explains what it means for the GEA to influence social change. It explores the possibilities of it creating a radical world in which society recognises adolescents as social actors and agents who play a role in constituting their gendered and sexual worlds. Enabling the GEA to be transformational requires policy actors to interpret and implement the GEA to open new possibilities for adolescents. Only then can the GEA transcend its existential predicament of itself being an artefact of cultural discourse.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Private Law
LLD
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Khachatryan, Norair. „Thirty Year Follow-Up of Juvenile Homicide Offenders“. Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5822.
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Killings by juvenile offenders have been a matter of concern in the United States since the 1980s. Although the rate of juvenile-perpetrated murders has been declining since the 1990s, it remains problematic, in that juvenile offenders account for approximately 10% of all homicide arrests. Research on recidivism of juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) is important, due to relatively short follow-up periods in prior studies and a recent Supreme Court ruling that struck down mandatory life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles convicted of murder. The present study was designed to explore long-term patterns of recidivism, and particularly violent recidivism, in a sample of 59 male JHOs from a Southeastern state who were prosecuted as adults for murder or attempted murder in the early 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Furthermore, the predictive utility of a juvenile homicide typology was analyzed, and the offenders who committed sexually-oriented murders were examined in-depth. The results indicated that close to 90% of released offenders have been rearrested during the 30-year follow-up period, and more than 60% have been rearrested for violent offenses. Five offenders completed (4 offenders) or attempted (1 offender) a new homicide. Out of 7 variables tested, race emerged as the only significant correlate of post-release violence. Release from prison, post-release arrests, and post-release violent offenses were not significantly related to the circumstances of the index homicide (crime-oriented v. conflict-oriented). The subsample of juvenile sexual homicide offenders (JSHOs) consisted of 8 offenders; 6 of them were released from prison, 4 were rearrested, and 3 were rearrested for violent offenses. None of the released JSHOs were arrested for a homicide or any sexually-related crimes. The implications of the findings for management of JHOs, the comparability of this study to prior studies, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Sorban, Josie. „Suicidal behaviour, posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid disorders in an adolescent with a prior history of severe coporal punishment /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18585.pdf.
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Quinn, Magdalena Katarzyna. „The potential use of a personal portfolio for identity development of an adolescent“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25554.
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This study focuses on how a Personal Portfolio can facilitate the narration of an adolescent’s life story and the outcome on self understanding. An instrumental case study that was exploritative and descriptive in nature was used to gain insight into the potential value of using a Personal Portfolio to reflect an adolescent’s quest for identity development. Data were collected by means of Personal Portfolio activities, open-ended interviews, tape-recordings of participant interviews, reflective reports written by the research participant as well as observations and field notes recorded in a diary by the researcher. The thematic analysis of the data was done within a constructivist-interpretivist framework. Five core categories: Identity Crisis/Confusion, Identity Exploration,Identifying Developmental Assets, Unresolved Past Issues, and the Experience of Compiling a Personal Portfolio emerged. These core categories were further linked to sub-categories and related themes. This study found that compiling a Personal Portfolio supported the research participant’s quest for identity. In particular, it facilitated a process of self exploration regarding career choice and sexual identity and resulted in increased self-knowledge, an awareness of personal assets and an overall improved sense of self-worth and self-confidence. This study also provided the research participant with a platform to work from and the means to solve some personal problems. The study further more concluded that a Personal Portfolio is a cost effective method that is suitable for use in a diverse South African context which could be utilised by counsellors and educators with their task to assist adolescents with their identity development.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Educational Psychology
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Warren, Kylee Hartman. „Harry Potter and the 9/11 Generation How 9/11 and the Global War on Terror Influenced Adolescent Franchise Cinema“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16403.
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A new wave of adolescent fantasy cinema arrived in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks and the Global War on Terror. Directed with themes of social fear, and dependent on digital technology, these films feature protagonists facing “issues such as the conflict between national security and civil liberties, the risk of xenophobia and entrenchment, or the consequences of preventive war.” Anchored to the Harry Potter series, this project analyses changes that occurred in the aesthetic and narrative of coming of age fantasy films produced after 9/11, and investigates whether these films incorporate a post-9/11 rhetoric within the socio-political worlds they portray. This study also examines the visual environments of these films, and how a post-9/11 lens envisions and captures landscapes for the screen. The methodology includes a qualitative analysis that assesses the Harry Potter franchise against research about the post-9/11 landscape. This investigation relies on studies that compare Harry Potter imagery with the visual landscape of post-9/11 disaster and military footage found in films, documentaries and image archives featuring the Global War on Terror. The research will use the creative method to develop a short film set amidst a visual world characterised by the post-9/11 milieu. However, this story does not conclude with an epic battle. Instead, it will engage with the post-9/11 concept of quaking zones or locations that encourage transformative experiences in culture and nature. The film includes natural spectacles resembling the neo-baroque digital aesthetic prevalent in coming of age fantasies today to draw attention to problems facing our natural world in a way that would relate to a post-9/11 audience raised on franchises like Harry Potter.
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Vearey, Steven Clive. „Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing : a case study of a female adolescent sexual assault survivor“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49963.
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Thesis (MEd(Psych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the use of Eye Movement Desensitisation (hereafter referred to as EMDR), a form of psychotherapy on a female adolescent sexual assault survivor. Adolescence as a developmental stage is characterised by specific issues, such as the search for own identity. Sexual trauma may increase the inner conflict, because of the adolescent's ability to deal with the trauma at a higher cognitive level than in earlier childhood. Without support including psychotherapy, the adolescent sexual assault survivor may be at risk of developing mental health problems including Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome (hereafter referred to as PTSD). This research is a qualitative case study, involving only one adolescent participant. Mary (pseudonym) a sexual assault survivor, was selected from referrals the Unit for Educational Psychology at the University of Stellenbosch received from the Child Protection Unit of the South African Police Services. She was referred because she displayed symptoms of depression and PTSD, which affected her relations with her parents, siblings and peers. She also struggled to cope emotionally with the academic demands of school. The ecosystemic approach was chosen as the preferred framework within which to locate this study. In assessment and intervention this framework lends itself to focussing on relationships and systems rather than merely the individual with a problem. The study explores the use of EMDR to alleviate symptoms of depression and PTSD in Mary. She attended thirteen sessions of which the first three were used to assess her level of functioning. Data were collected by means of self-report questionnaires including the Beck's Depression Inventory and the Dissociative Experiences Scale, interviews and therapy sessions during which EMDR was used. The data were analysed using codes, categories and themes, interpreted and the study concluded with a discussion of the findings. The findings suggest that EMDR effectively alleviated Mary's symptoms of depression and PTSD. However, since the study was limited to a single participant, a larger sample is recommended to determine whether EMDR might be a feasible treatment tool for female adolescent sexual assault survivors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van Oogbeweging Desensitifisering Herprosessering (hierna verwys as OBDH), 'n tipe psigoterapie, om 'n vroulike adolessente slagoffer van seksuele misbruik te ondersteun. Adolessensie as 'n ontwikkelingsfase word deur spesifieke kwessies gekenmerk, onder andere die soeke na 'n eie identiteit. Seksuele trauma mag die innerlike konflik verhoog, weens die adolessent se vermoeë om dit op 'n hoër vlak van ontwikkeling as die jonger kind te hanteer. Sonder ondersteuning, insluitend psigoterapie, mag die adolessent die risiko loop om geestesversteurings soos Posttraumatiese stresversteuring (hierna verwys as PTSV) te ontwikkel. Hierdie navorsing was 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie en slegs een adolessente deelnemer was daarby betrokke. Mary (skuilnaam) 'n seksuele geweld oorwinnaar, is gekies vanuit verwysings wat die Eenheid vir Opvoedkundige Sielkunde van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch van die Kinderbeskermings-eenheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie Dienste ontvang het. Sy is verwys aangesien sy blykbaar simptome van depressie en PTSV geopenbaar het, wat haar verhoudings met haar ouers, sibbe en portuurgroep beïnvloed het. Sy het ook emosioneel gesukkel om die akademiese eise van die skool te hanteer. Die ekosistemiese benadering is gekies as die raamwerk vir hierdie studie. In assessering en intervensie lê dié benadering groter klem op verhoudings en sisteme, as op 'n individu met 'n probleem. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stelof die gebruik van OBDH verligting van simptome van depressie en PTSV in Mary teweeg sou bring. Sy het dertien sessies bygewoon en die eerste drie is gebruik om haar vlak van funksionering te bepaal. Data is ingesamel deur middel van die Beck's Depression Inventory en die Dissociative Experiences Scale vraelyste, onderhoude en terapie sessies waarin OBDH ook gebruik was. Die data is ontleed deur middel van kodes, kategorieë en temas, geïnterpreteer en die studie eindig met 'n bespreking van die bevindinge. Die bevindinge het aangedui dat OBDH effektief Mary se simptome van depressie en PTSV verlig. Omdat die studie egter beperk was tot 'n enkele deelnemer, word 'n groter getal deelnemers aanbeveel om te bepaal of OBDH moontlik geskik is om vroulike adolesente oorwinnaars van seksueel geweld te ondersteun.
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Derakhti, Mikael. „Very Heavy Resisted Sprint Training for Adolescent Football Players : A training intervention on acceleration, sprint and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent athletes“. Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5323.
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Abstract Aim The main purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of a very heavy resisted sprint training regimen and a unresisted sprint training regimen on sprint, acceleration and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent football (soccer) players at mid- to post-PHV and >95% PAH. Method In total 27 male football players were recruited as volunteer participants. The participants had no previous experience with resisted sprint training. The participants were randomly assigned to either the resisted sprint (RST) (n=9) or unresisted sprint (UST) (n=10) training group. However, the grouping was matched based on the force-velocity (F-v) profiling. A control group (i.e. TAU group n=8) was matched with the experimental groups based on age and anthropometrics. The training was done twice a week for four weeks, consisting of either resisted or unresisted sprints. 24 of the original 27 participants could later be included for statistical analysis. During intervention the TAU group performed the regular team training with no additional stimuli from the researchers. Anthropometrics, sprint, acceleration and jump performance testing was tested pre- and post-training intervention. Results The four-week training intervention resulted in significant improvements of sprint- and acceleration for the RST-group. The improvements were 3,8% (±0.05) in T30, 4,2% (±0.06) in T20, 5,7% (±0.06) in T10, and 7,9% (±0.06) in the T5. The RST and UST groups also had significant improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. Further there were several significant between group changes in both sprint and jump performance favoring the RST group over both the UST and TAU groups. Conclusion The conclusions are that in this population a very heavy RST regimen elicits improvements in sprint and acceleration performance whilst a UST regimen does not. Further, both the RST- and UST- training regimens elicit improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. The improvements of the present study follow the pattern of previous studies in the field indicating a greater horizontal force generating ability. However, the improvements in the present study are larger than previously seen, indicating that this type of training might be extra beneficial to enhance sprint and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent athletes. The findings of the present study also contradict the typical recommendations of using light resistance loads (i.e. the 10% rule) when it comes to RST. Heavier loads, as in this case 103,5% of body weight on average, can indeed be used to produce sprint and acceleration gains in a late pubertal adolescent athlete population. The improvement in these short sprints (5-30m) versus the eventual performance decrease in longer sprints 40-70m (e.g. due to less effective maximal velocity phase) is a trade off which logically should be worthwhile for team sport athletes.Abstrakt Syfte Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och jämföra effekterna av väldigt tungt belastad sprintträning och obelastad sprintträning på sprint-, acceleration och hopprestation hos unga fotbollsspelare i sena tonåren som ligger på en mognadsgrad av ”mid- post-PHV” samt >95% PAH. Metod Totalt 27 fotbollsspelare rekryterades som frivilliga deltagare. Deltagarna hade ingen tidigare erfarenhet av belastad sprintträning. Deltagarna blev slumpmässigt indelade till antingen den belastade (RST) eller den obelastade (UST) träningsgruppen. Dock skedde grupperingen med deltagarnas kraft- hastighetsprofilering som bas, då grupperna blev matchade efter denna. Kontrollgruppen (TAU n=8) matchades med experimentgrupperna efter ålder och antropometri. Träningen bestod av väldigt tungt belastad eller obelastad sprintträning och utfördes två gånger i veckan under fyra veckor. 24 av de initialt 27 deltagarna kunde inkluderas för vidare analys. Under interventionen genomförde TAU den vanliga lagträningen utan ytterligare träningsstimuli från forskarna. Antropometri, sprint, acceleration och hopprestation testades före respektive efter interventionen. Resultat Den fyra veckor långa träningsinterventionen resulterade i signifikanta förbättringar i sprint och acceleration för RST-gruppen. Förbättringarna var 3,8% (±0.05) i T30, 4,2% (±0.06) i T20, 5,7% (±0.06) i T10, och 7,9% (±0.06) i T5. RST och UST grupperna hade också signifikanta förbättringar i både vertikal och horisontell hopprestation. Vidare fanns det flera signifikanta mellangruppsskillnader i både sprint- och hopprestation till fördel för RST gruppen över både UST och TAU grupperna. Konklusion Konklusionen är att ett väldigt tungt RST-träningsprogram framkallar signifikanta förbättringar i både sprint, acceleration och hopprestation medan ett UST-träningsprogram inte gör det. Vidare kan konkluderas att både ett RST- och ett UST-träningsprogram signifikant förbättrar både vertikal och horisontell hopprestationen. Förbättringarna följer mönstret från tidigare studier på området och indikerar en större horisontell kraftproduktion. Dock är förbättringarna större än vad som tidigare observerats vilket indikerar att denna typ av träning kan vara extra förtjänstfull för denna population. Resultaten motsäger även den typiska rekommendationen kring lätta vikter (dvs. 10% regeln) vid belastad sprintträning. Tyngre belastning, som i detta fall i genomsnitt 103,5% av kroppsvikten, kan användas för att producera sprint- och accelerationsförbättringar i denna population. Förbättringen av denna typ av korta sprinter (5-30m) gentemot den eventuella prestationsförsämringen i längre sprinter (40-70m) torde vara ett byte som är värt att göra för lagidrottare.
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Ribbe, David Paul. „Chronic psychological and psychophysiological sequelae among adolescents following a traumatic bus crash“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40472.
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This study examined chronic psychological and psychophysiological post-traumatic
sequelae among eleven adolescent survivors of a fatal bus crash by means of a multimethod
strategy. Measures included a structured DSM-m-R post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) interview using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and AdolescentsRevised
(DICA-R), self-report measures of PTSD symptoms with the Reaction Index,
and the Impact of Events Scale. Other measures of stress-related symptomatology
included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fear Survey Schedule-IT, Anxiety Sensitivity
Index, Anxiety Frequency Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, heart rate
(HR) reactivity to mental arithmetic (MA), demographic questions, and crash questions
was assessed. Survivors were compared to control subjects matched for age, gender,
race, and socioeconomic status, among other demographic characteristics. Multivariate
analyses of the psychiatric interview data indicated that survivors evidenced significantly
higher levels of past PTSD symptoms experienced after the crash, with a significant
group by gender interaction, F (3,17) = 5.22, P = .01. Current (past month) levels of
PTSD symptoms were also significantly higher among survivors four years after the
crash, F (3,17) = 8.82, P < .01, although PTSD symptomatology decreased overall
during that time, F (3,17) = 15.52, P < .01. Survivors and controls did not differ
significantly on other measures of PTSD and other stress-related symptomatology.
Repeated measures analyses of HR response scores revealed greater HR reactivity to
questions about the crash among survivors, F (1, 14) = 18.55, P < .01, and by
gender, F (1, 14) = 5.21, P = .04. Similar analyses found greater variability in
survivors' HR standard deviations (an index of autonomic lability) F (1,14) = 5.21, P =
.03 in response to the crash interview. Survivors' HR did not differ from controls' on
the MA task. Findings are discussed theoretically and methodologically within the
contexts of neurological and conditioning models of PTSD. No relationship between HR
reactivity and psychiatric symptomatology was found. Furthermore, this investigation
did not fmd support for the neurological kindling theory. Areas of future research using
psychophysiological assessment are proposed to more specifically elicit autonomic
arousal. Detailed case studies of four individual response patterns are included as a
heuristic for further physiological research and for clinical applications with adolescent
trauma victims.Ph. D.
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Robinson, Charlotte E. Ms. „Preventing Post - Treatment Relapse among African American Adolescents and Young Adult Marijuana Users through Effective Treatment Interventions: A Proposed Intervention for Metro-Atlanta“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/293.
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INTRODUCTION: Marijuana use, although illegal in the majority of states, is increasingly becoming acceptable for use in the United States. There are dangerous public health consequences associated with marijuana use—including: impaired driving, loss of productivity in workplaces and school settings, as well as mental health impacts. In Atlanta, the majority of residents (54.0%) are African American. Emergency room use is double for African American Fulton County residents compared to their Caucasian counterparts and approximately 1/5 of the total population receiving public health treatment identify marijuana as the primary drug of use, with 57% of those being African Americans. Despite these statistics, the availability of treatment and prevention programs targeting African Americans using marijuana is negligible.AIM: The purpose of this study is to synthesize evidence-based approaches to substance use treatment so that effective components of previous research can be incorporated into an innovative marijuana prevention program to increase post-treatment abstinence targeting a segment of the population that has not been a significant focus in intervention research.
METHODS: A review of scientific literature was conducted to identify and appraise evidence based approaches to substance use among young adults. First, the student researcher examined programs targeting marijuana use. Second, the search was expanded to substance use in general. The student researcher identified the population, intervention, control arm, and outcomes of various studies focusing on substance use prevention in a variety of settings. With this appraisal, the most effective components are suggested for a marijuana specific program which could be offered to African-American young adults, as no current programs in Georgia were found.
RESULTS: Substance abuse intervention approaches targeting young adult populations were identified. Programs are delivered in a variety of settings: family, school, and community. Evidence supports that cognitive behavioral training, motivational enhancement training, and contingency management are the most effective approaches targeting substance use among young adults. A program that integrates components of each approach would be ideal for targeting African American young adults using marijuana in Metro-Atlanta and assisting them to maintain abstinence post-treatment.
DISCUSSION: The results from this study emphasize key program elements that can address marijuana addiction among African American young adults in Metro-Atlanta. As marijuana acceptance increases, the need for prevention programs becomes more urgent. This study’s results can assist program planners in understanding the most strategic interventions that would optimize return on investment when addressing a largely silent public health threat: marijuana use among Africa American young adults in Metro-Atlanta.
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Simpson, Abigail. „Adolescent identity experiences of historically disadvantaged scholarship recipients attending independent South African high schools“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19946.
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Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little is known about the experiences that previously disadvantaged bursary and scholarship learners have in independent South African schools. Many scholarship and bursary recipients are from homes that fall into the low to middle income groups and they find themselves surrounded by boys and girls who are from high income, affluent homes. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the experiences that scholarship learners have within independent school environments and to find out what the opportunities and challenges are that they may face. Bronfenbrenner‟s bioecological model was used as theoretical framework as it incorporates a number of different interconnected systems that will influence the participant's lives and their experiences. These microsystems included parents, school, peers and the individual. This study's research methodology is a phenomenological approach which is embedded within the interpretative paradigm. Purposeful sampling was used to select eight learners from four different independent schools in the Western Cape. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted within two months of each other, with each of the participants. Phenomenological data analysis was conducted to analyse the information provided in the interviews. The research findings indicated that previously disadvantaged scholarship learners face a great deal of pressure in the form of high expectations being placed on them, both academically and behaviourally. Racial stereotyping was found to be prevalent with regards to assumptions made about learner's academic abilities and financial backgrounds. Challenges related to cultural difference and financial challenges were also noted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Min is bekend oor die ervarings wat voorheen benadeelde beurs-leerders in onafhanklike (private) Suid-Afrikaanse skole. Baie beurshouers kom uit huise wat in die lae tot middel inkomste groepe val, en hulle vind hulself tussen seuns en meisies wat van hoë-inkomste huise kom. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die ervarings wat die beursleerders in onafhanklike skool omgewings beter te verstaan en vas te stel watter geleenthede en uitdagings hulle ervaar. Bronfenbrenner se bioëkologiese model word gebruik as ‟n teoretiese raamwerk omdat dit verskillende stelsels insluit wat ‟n invloed sal hê op die deelnemers se lewens en ervarings. Die mikrostelsel sluit die ouers, skool, portuurgroep en individu in. Hierdie studie se navorsingsmetodologie is 'n fenomenologiese benadering wat binne die interpretatiewe paradigma ingebed is. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om agt leerders van vier verskillende onafhanklike skole in die Wes-Kaap te kies. Twee semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met elkeen van die deelnemers tussen ‟n tydperk van twee maande. Fenomenologiese data-analise is gebruik om die inligting van die onderhoude te analiseer. Die navorsingsbevindinge het aangedui dat die deelnemers baie druk ervaar in die vorm van hoë verwagtinge wat op hulle geplaas word, in terme van hul akademiese prestasie en gedrag. Algemene rasse-stereotipering was gevind met betrekking tot die aannames wat gemaak is oor die leerders se akademiese vermoëns en finansiële agtergronde. Kulturele verskille en finansiële uitdagings is ook opgemerk.
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Button, Rebecca. „A preliminary qualitative investigation into the relationship between pre-, peri- and post-migration factors/experiences and the psychological well-being of adolescent male Afghani asylum seekers living in the UK“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48391/.
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This qualitative study explores the influence of pre-, peri- and post-migration experiences on the psychological well-being of adolescent male Afghani asylum seekers living in the UK. It aims to provide a preliminary investigation of these experiences using the participants’ own voice in order to contribute towards addressing a gap in the research field and guide ongoing outreach, social and clinical work with this population, both locally, and nationally. Eight adolescent Afghani asylum seekers completed semi-structured interviews which were analysed using a thematic, template-driven approach. Findings were comparative with existing literature and theoretical underpinnings highlighting the ongoing and compounding nature of experiences throughout each stage of Bhugra and Jones’ (2001) model of migration. Although the psychosocial well-being of this group was shown to gradually deteriorate throughout the migration process, the study found that the course of well-being fluctuated in line with the respective loss or restoration of components of Witmer, Sweeney, and Myers’ (1998) wheel of wellness and Silove’s (1999) psychological sub-systems. Participants discussed a period of psychological well-being during their early arrival in the UK, before a period of psychological maladjustment thereafter coinciding with the UK’s asylum-seeking process. The study developed existing theoretical knowledge by uniquely applying different models to an under-researched, vulnerable and increasing population. Findings also generated useful practical and clinical implications and established a good rapport with the local Afghani community such that future research can continue with the suggestions made.
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Herget, Sabine, Almut Rudolph, Anja Hilbert und Susann Blüher. „Psychosocial status and mental health in adolescents before and after bariatric surgery“. Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149664.
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Objective: As long-term results of conservative treatment for obesity are discouraging, bariatric surgery is becoming a treatment option for extremely obese adolescents. However, mental and behavioral problems need to be respected when treating this vulnerable target group. Methods: A detailed systematic literature review on pre- and post-operative depressive, anxiety and eating disorder symptoms of adolescent patients was performed in PsychINFO, PubMed and Medline electronic databases. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Although strength of evidence was limited, results suggested that pre-operatively a third of adolescents suffered from moderate to severe depressive disorder symptoms and a quarter from anxiety disorder symptoms, while a substantial number showed eating disorder symptoms. Post-operatively, levels of depressive disorder symptoms significantly improved. Original articles on outcomes of eating and anxiety disorder symptoms after weight loss surgery were not found. Conclusions: Further attention is needed on consistent clinical assessment of mental health disturbances and their consecutive treatment in adolescents. Future research should also focus on psychological and psychosocial predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery.
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Braithwaite, Irene, Alistair W. Stewart, Robert J. Hancox, Richard Beasley, Rinki Murphy, Edwin A. Mitchell, Pascual Chiarella und ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. „Maternal post-natal tobacco use and current parental tobacco use is associated with higher body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study“. BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625719.
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Background: We investigated whether maternal smoking in the first year of life or any current parental smoking is associated with childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a multi-centre, multi-country, cross-sectional study (ISAAC Phase Three). Parents/guardians of children aged 6-7 years completed questionnaires about their children's current height and weight, whether their mother smoked in the first year of the child's life and current smoking habits of both parents. Adolescents aged 13-14 years completed questionnaires about their height, weight and current parental smoking habits. A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and parental smoking. Results: 77,192 children (18 countries) and 194 727 adolescents (35 countries) were included. The BMI of children exposed to maternal smoking during their first year of life was 0.11 kg/m 2 greater than those who were not (P = 0.0033). The BMI of children of currently smoking parents was greater than those with non-smoking parents (maternal smoking: +0.08 kg/m 2 (P = 0.0131), paternal smoking: +0.10 kg/m 2 (P < 0.0001)). The BMI of female adolescents exposed to maternal or paternal smoking was 0.23 kg/m 2 and 0.09 kg/m 2 greater respectively than those who were not exposed (P < 0.0001). The BMI of male adolescents was greater with maternal smoking exposure, but not paternal smoking (0.19 kg/m 2 , P < 0.0001 and 0.03 kg/m 2 , P = 0.14 respectively). Conclusion: Parental smoking is associated with higher BMI values in children and adolescents. Whether this is due to a direct effect of parental smoking or to confounding cannot be established from this observational study.This work was supported by Cure Kids New Zealand through a grant to Professor E Mitchell and Dr I Braithwaite. Cure Kids New Zealand had no role or influence in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. ISAAC Phase Three:
Revisión por pares
30
Ovaert, Lynda B. „Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Pre- and Post-Treatment Comparison of Trauma Types“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278894/.
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The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and post-treatment differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in male adolescents with conduct disorder. The Children's PTSD Inventory and the PTSD Reaction Index were used to diagnose PTSD and determine trauma type (Type I single trauma or Type II recurring trauma). Pre- and post-treatment measures included the PTSD Reaction Index, the Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Youth Self-Report. The six-week, biweekly group treatment included education, exposure, and cognitive elements. Primary hypotheses that the abused group would statistically differ from the non-abused group in terms of pre- and post-treatment levels of avoidance, dissociation, anger/aggression, self-destructiveness, social problems, and overall levels of PTSD symptoms, were not confirmed. Overall, group therapy participants experienced statistically significant decreases in PTSD symptoms over the course of therapy. Results are discussed in light of clinical implications, recommended cautions given the lack of a robust control group, and directions for future research.
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Kogima, Elisabeth Octaviano. „Depressão puerperal em adolescentes cadastradas na estratégia saúde da família do município de Embu Guaçu - SP“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-24022011-103426/.
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A depressão maior tem sido considerada comum, recorrente e debilitante principalmente durante a adolescência. Quando nesta fase do ciclo da vida, a menina adolescente engravida e se torna mãe, a situação se configura um problema de Saúde Pública. Em si, a adolescência já é um processo de mudança tanto física, como psicológica, quanto mais se neste período uma gravidez for vivenciada. Ter um bebê é uma decisão bastante difícil e a complexidade dos fatores envolvidos torna de grande importância o apoio das famílias envolvidas. Desta forma, a maternidade pode se apresentar como fator relevante no desenvolvimento da depressão feminina muitas vezes relacionada ao estresse que o evento pode provocar. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência do transtorno depressivo em puérperas adolescentes que são atendidas nas Unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Município de Embu Guaçu e caracterizar as puérperas adolescentes com grande probabilidade de desenvolverem transtorno depressivo. Método: Foram rastreadas as puérperas adolescentes com grande probabilidade de transtorno depressivo a fim de determinar a prevalência do transtorno depressivo pós-parto através da EPDS e do Questionário socioeconômico e obstétrico elaborado pela pesquisadora. Análise dos resultados: As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas por meio de medidas de tendências centrais, de variabilidades e intervalo de confiança. As qualitativas foram apresentadas por frequências e proporções. Resultados: 39 por cento (n=18) das adolescentes apresentaram sintomas de depressão pós-parto, com pontuação maior ou igual a doze, com IC95 por cento (25; 54). 15,21 por cento (7) das puérperas adolescentes obtiveram pontuação maior ou igual a 9 e menor que 12 o que representa moderada possibilidade de desenvolver um quadro depressivo. As adolescentes parecem ser mais novas do que os seus parceiros, têm filhos com cerca de 5 meses, moram juntos com parceiros, são brancas, com ensino médio incompleto. Pouco mais da metade tem renda de até oitocentos reais, a maioria usa algum tipo de medicamento e não utiliza drogas ou substâncias ilícitasMajor Depression has been considered common, recurrent and debilitating, especially in adolescence. When adolescent girls become pregnant at this stage of the life cycle, situation becomes a public health problem. Adolescence itself is already a changing process, physical and psychological, much more when a pregnancy is experienced. Its a very difficult decision having a baby, with complexes factors involved, what suggests the need of support from the families involved. Motherhood presents itself as a relevant factor in the development of female depression, often related to stress. Objective: To set the prevalence of depressive disorder in post partum adolescents who are enrolled at Family Health Strategy and characterize those who have great probability of developing depressive disorders. Methods: Post partum adolescents were screened through EPDS and characterized by a Socioeconomic and obstetric questionnaire constructed by the researcher. Analysis: Quantitative variables were described by measures of central tendency, and variability of the confidence interval. Qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and proportions. Results: 39 per cent (n = 18) of adolescents had postpartum depression symptoms, with scores greater than or equal to twelve, with CI95 per cent (25, 54). 15.21 per cent (7) of the adolescent mothers scored higher than or equal to 9 and less than 12, which represents moderate possibility of developing a depressive disorder. The teenagers seem to be younger than their partners, their babies have about five months, most of them live together with partners, are white, with incomplete secondary education. Slightly more than half have incomes of up to 400 dollars, most use some kind of medication and does not use drugs or illegal substances
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Nilsson, Doris. „Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress and Dissociation Among Swedish Adolescents : Evaluation of Questionnaires“. Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8225.
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Smerdon, Jane. „Exploring post-traumatic stress symptoms in bullied adolescents“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326776.
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Jarman, Lennon. „Parental management of adolescent substance abuse“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17625.
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The incidence and consequences of adolescent substance abuse for the health and well-being of adolescents, their significant others and society at large, have become an increasing concern. The early onset of substance use further enhances the potential for addiction, thus emphasizing the need for early identification and intervention. The literature and practice observations suggest that parental management, which includes parenting practices such as parental monitoring, clear rules about substance use and the modelling of protective, constructive behaviours, protects adolescents from the onset of substance use and interrupts the adolescent’s progression to substance abuse. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe parental management of adolescent substance abuse in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. An exploratory- descriptive and contextual research design was employed in this study. Furthermore, non-probability purposive sampling, in conjunction with snowball sampling techniques, was employed to recruit parents who have or continue to manage their adolescents (between the ages of 13-18 years) substance abuse and the associated impact that it has of on the family in the past year. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten parents, and data collection ceased upon reaching data saturation. The generated data was analysed using thematic data analysis. The trustworthiness of the research process and the findings was enriched by engaging in a variety of data verification strategies. The following main themes emerged from the data analysis process: Participants’ perspective of adolescent substance use in their community; Participants’ experiences of their own child’s substance use; Impact of substance use on the family system; Participants’ perspective of their role in managing adolescent substance use; and, Participants’ support needs in relation to adolescent substance use. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of what parents require to effectively prevent and/or manage substance abuse by their adolescent children. The findings furthermore recommend preventive interventions at both primary and secondary level.
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De, Monk Ingrid Venessia. „Turning the lens on the adolescent suicide“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020791.
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In South Africa, suicidal behaviour in the younger generations has become rapidly part of a major public health problem. It is a well-known fact that adolescence is a critical period of progression in a teenager’s development which makes them more susceptible and vulnerable to suicide. Statistics have shown that there has been an increase in suicide among adolescents within the last decade (Schlebusch, 2005). The main aim of this research study is to explore the perceptions of adolescents regarding the factors that contribute to adolescent suicide. This study reviews literature concerning various risks factors for adolescent suicidality. It also described major social and psychological theories of suicide and the extent to which these studies support the importance to adolescent suicide. In the literature review theories of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, Durkheim’s sociological theory of suicide, Freud’s psychological perspective and Baumeister’s Escape Theory were discussed. A qualitative research design will be used by using visual participatory methodology techniques namely photo voice and reflective writing. A sample of 12 grade 11 learners, male and female, was purposely selected to participate in the research study. The focus of the study is to investigate the risk factors underlying adolescent suicidal behaviour in schools in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth, as well as to explore the stressors experienced by adolescents that could contribute to them having a higher suicide risk. Another focus point will be to look at prevention strategies as an antipode for suicidal behaviour. The main findings that emerged from the data analysis include contributing factors namely: socio-economic factors, personal factors, psychological factors and educational and school-related factors. The main prevention strategy themes emerged from findings derived from the data and include: parental involvement, religion, professional help and support groups and confiding in someone that you trust.
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Grampp-Eshleman, Kate E. „Changes in adolescents' body perceptions: Pre- and post- bariatric surgery“. Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386597277.
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Moradi, Ali Reza. „Cognitive characteristics of children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorders“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cognitive-characteristics-of-children-and-adolescents-with-posttraumatic-stress-disorders(ff9d90fb-71ed-4636-98b8-b1d7293ddef2).html.
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Cognitive problems are among the important and common sequelae in child patients with PTSD, for example poor memory, poor concentration, intrusive thoughts and flashbacks (e.g., Yule, &Gold 1993; Last; 1993). In recent years, investigators have started to study these functions in adults with PTSD, but they have yet to be investigated in young people with PTSD. Therefore, following extensive investigations of cognitive processing in adults with anxiety disorder including PTSD, it is proposed to apply some of these paradigms to investigate PTSD in children. Chapter One presents a general introduction describing the background to the work and an outline of the proposed studies. Chapter Two describes the concept of PTSD, phnomenology, classification of PTSD and PTSD in children and finally three noncognitive theories of PTSD. Two basic concepts of cognition i.e. memoiy and attention are described in Chapter Three. Cognitive theories of emotional disorders especially that of Williams et al. (1988) and cognitive models of PTSD are presented. Chapter Four describes how a dictionaiy of emotional words was developed and a list of different types of emotional words was created. In the first experiment in Chapter 5, young people with PTSD, children of adults with PTSD and normal subjects, participated in a colour naming task. The task consisted of 5 categories of words: threat-related depressed-related, trauma-related, positive and neutral words which appeared randomly, one after the other on the screen of a computer in four different colours three times. The results indicated that the PTSD patients had a greater interference toward trauma-related words than other types of words compared to the control group. Children of adults with PTSD showed an attentional bias towards trauma-related and threat-related words. Chapter Six describes a second experiment on attention with children with PTSD. Four types of words -physical threat, social threat, depressed and neutral words- were presented to the subjects one after the other. The subjects were asked to press a buttonwhen they saw a dot on the screen of the computer. The results showed that the PTSD patients shifted their attention towards threat words, while their attention shifted away from depressed words. Chapter Seven describes an investigation on recall and recognition with young people with PTSD and children of adults with PTSD compared with controls. The findings indicated that PTSD patients generally recalled fewer words than controls which confirmed poor memory in young people with PTSD, but both experimental groups did not show any memory bias towards a particular type of emotional words on the recall or recognition task. Chapter Eight compared the findings of PTSD and controls' performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (Wilson et.al ., 1990, RBMT). PTSD patients showed a poor memory performance on this task compared with normal subjects. They particularly had impairment in prospective items (those items which related to the future), story immediate and delayed recall and orientation. A final chapter presents a full discussion of the results of the emprical studies and discusses possible implications for future research. 4
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Meiser-Stedman, Richard Alexander. „Cognitive aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cognitive-aspects-of-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-in-children-and-adolescents(ad2aed39-7de5-4173-b996-347697433e06).html.
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Memarzia, Jessica. „Psychological predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/69039/.
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Background: The experience of trauma in childhood, for a minority of individuals, can lead to chronic and distressing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health difficulties. Cognitive models of PTSD demonstrate key factors involved in the development of symptoms, however, research evidence regarding the role of different pre- peri- and post-trauma predictors of PTSD in children and adolescents is limited and variable. Furthermore, there is scope to understand predictors of mental health outcomes other than PTSD. With the expected publication of ICD-11 in 2018, further research is also necessary to develop our understanding of the new diagnostic category of ‘Complex PTSD’ in children and adolescents. Methods: Firstly, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted, summarising the current evidence regarding the role of peritraumatic psychological risk factors in the development of PTSD. Secondly, empirical analysis of pre-existing data from a longitudinal study of children and adolescents experiencing a single-event trauma was conducted. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess four theory-derived predictive models of mental health outcomes (PTSD, CPTSD, depression and anxiety) of trauma in this sample. Results: Population estimates of effect size were moderate for peritraumatic subjective threat and fear as risk factors for PTSD. Effect size estimates for peritraumatic dissociation were small, and evidence for data-driven processing was limited. The empirical study indicated that a cognitive model of predictors was most powerful in predicting the development of all four disorders following trauma, and psychosocial and objective event severity models were weak predictors of mental health outcomes. Conclusions: Cognitive processes occurring during and after trauma may be valuable markers of which individuals may be at risk of developing PTSD, CPTSD, depression or anxiety after trauma. Further research of multiple predictors and outcomes of trauma is required in children and adolescents, particularly related to CPTSD.
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Rodehacke, Sarah, Eva Mennigen, Kathrin U. Müller, Stephan Ripke, Mark J. Jacob, Thomas Hübner, Dirk H. K. Schmidt, Thomas Goschke und Michael N. Smolka. „Interindividual Differences in Mid-Adolescents in Error Monitoring and Post-Error Adjustment“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147418.
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A number of studies have concluded that cognitive control is not fully established until late adolescence. The precise differences in brain function between adults and adolescents with respect to cognitive control, however, remain unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a study in which 185 adolescents (mean age (SD) 14.6 (0.3) years) and 28 adults (mean age (SD) 25.2 (6.3) years) performed a single task that included both a stimulus-response (S-R) interference component and a task-switching component. Behavioural responses (i.e. reaction time, RT; error rate, ER) and brain activity during correct, error and post-error trials, detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), were measured. Behaviourally, RT and ER were significantly higher in incongruent than in congruent trials and in switch than in repeat trials. The two groups did not differ in RT during correct trials, but adolescents had a significantly higher ER than adults. In line with similar RTs, brain responses during correct trials did not differ between groups, indicating that adolescents and adults engage the same cognitive control network to successfully overcome S-R interference or task switches. Interestingly, adolescents with stronger brain activation in the bilateral insulae during error trials and in fronto-parietal regions of the cognitive control network during post-error trials did have lower ERs. This indicates that those mid-adolescents who commit fewer errors are better at monitoring their performance, and after detecting errors are more capable of flexibly allocating further cognitive control resources. Although we did not detect a convincing neural correlate of the observed behavioural differences between adolescents and adults, the revealed interindividual differences in adolescents might at least in part be due to brain development.
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Claassen, Marleen. „The expression of personality among adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence“. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46107.
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The level of crime in South Africa as reflected by crime statistics affects a high number of
adolescents. Trauma and stress associated with interpersonal violence can adversely affect
the neurobiology of the individual, since social, emotional and cognitive influences interact
in multifaceted ways with neurobiological systems to affect every-day adaptive functioning.
This study was embarked upon to determine the difference in the expression of personality
between adolescents exposed to community related interpersonal violence and those not
exposed to such violence. The 183 research participants were selected from a group of 335
grade 12 learners from a single secondary school in a middle class community. The
participants were placed into two sample groups by means of purposive sampling as
follows: Sample 1 consisted of all the research participants that reported exposure to
community related interpersonal violence during the past 5 years on the self-reporting
questionnaire (n = 93). The research participants that did not report exposure to such
violence formed Sample 2 (n = 90).
Reflecting on the adolescent’s emotional, adaptive functioning and referring to high levels
of anxiety and feelings of worthlessness, certain factors of the 16PF questionnaire were
predicted to show a statistical significant difference after exposure to community related
interpersonal violence after a period of 3 to 5 years. To assess the differences in personality
profiles of adolescents exposed to community related interpersonal violence and those not
exposed to violence, a MANOVA was used in analysing 16PF results. There were
statistically significant differences between the two groups on Factor G (rule
consciousness), Factor I (emotional sensitivity) and Factor Q4 (anxiety). This indicated that adolescents exposed to incidents of community related interpersonal violence are inclined to
experience more tension, are emotional volatile, depressed and anxious. They tend to be
more sensitive to environmental stressors and are likely to give up easily.
The group exposed to interpersonal violence (Sample 1) experienced higher levels of PTSD
as assessed with the PSD Questionnaire than the group that was not exposed to interpersonal
violence (sample 2). The personality profiles of three groups (Sample 1 with high PTSD,
Sample 1 with low PTSD and Sample 2) were compared by means of a MANOVA to test
whether adolescents who experience high levels of PTSD express their personality different
from others. The results identify differences in the expression of personality between
adolescents of Sample 1 experiencing higher levels of PTSD and the adolescents who did
not experience community related interpersonal violence (sample 2) on Factors G- (Selfindulgent
and disregards obligations to people), I + ( Perception might be emotionally
influenced) and Q4 + (Elevated levels of anxiety).
The coping style (positive or negative coping) of adolescents exposed to community related
interpersonal violence was assessed using the Kidcope. This was done to examine the
possible influence of coping on the development of posttraumatic stress and differences in
the expression of personality. There were no correlations between positive and negative
coping and the level of PTSD symptoms and the 16PF. The research could therefore not
identify coping as a medicating variable in the development of PTSD and differences in the
expression of personality. However, research is required to evaluate coping closer to the
time of the actual event.
The results of this research are a clear indication that the experience of community-related
violence has serious implications for the well-being and development of the personality of
adolescents. Violence-exposed adolescents may experience symptoms characteristic of
PTSD, including significant difficulty regulating one’s emotions and behaviour impacting
on their social, cognitive, physiological and emotional functioning.
The original target group for this study was the middle class income population and suburb
with relatively good security. The sample was drawn from a typical middleclass
environment and adolescents from communities with less protection may present different
results if sampled for similar research.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Psychology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Afriyie, Fordjour. „Adolescent mothers’ breastfeeding experiences in Nelson Mandela Bay health district“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13879.
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Rationale: There is limited research available in South Africa that explores the breastfeeding experience among adolescent mothers; most of the studies were conducted in developed countries. One such study relating to the above mentioned developed countries stated that social and commitment factors influence the decision to breastfeed by adolescents. Furthermore, while adolescent mothers appreciate the benefits of breastfeeding, pain, public exposure and perceived complexities related to breastfeeding create barriers for them. The researcher was unable to ascertain if similar ambiguities exist among adolescent mothers in South Africa, and in the Eastern Cape (EC) in particular with its high rates of adolescent pregnancy. In order to attempt to develop age appropriate recommendations to assist adolescent mothers with their breastfeeding journey, the researcher undertook this research study to answer the following question: What are the breastfeeding experiences of adolescent mothers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Heath District (NMBHD)? Aim: The research aim was to determine the experiences of adolescent mothers regarding breastfeeding in NMBHD. Methods: The study implemented a qualitative research approach. To enhance the design, the researcher utilised an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. The ethical principles that guided this study were autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice. Fourteen adolescent mothers, attending PHC facilities in the NMBHD participated in the study. Participants were chosen from a purposive sampling technique and data were collected from semi-structured interviews, compromising of individual interviews. The researcher analysed the data using the using the eight steps of the Tesch analysis technique. Data was also analysed by an independent coder. Results obtained from the Tesch approach were compared to that of the independent coder results. Thereafter, the major themes and sub-themes that related to the study objectives were identified. Results: Three themes and 10 sub-themes were identified. Lack of knowledge and poor adherence to EBF, perceived breastmilk insufficiency, as well as incorrect infant feeding advice given by maternal mothers and grandmothers were associated with early introduction of complementary feeding. Most participants were motivated to breastfeed due to its economic and bonding benefits, as well as seeing their infant‟s progress in growth. Challenges of breastfeeding mentioned by the participants include: lack of support from the fathers of their infants and from health care providers, breast milk leakage, and the foul smell associated with the leaking of breast milk. The participants of the study also had suggestions to help improve the support given to adolescent mothers by health care providers in PHC facilities. Conclusions and recommendations: In conclusion, this study‟s findings revealed that adolescent mothers may need extra age appropriate education and support to assist them in breastfeeding successfully at PHC facilities, the community and schools. Maternal mothers and grandmothers were found to be the primary source of a support network for most adolescent mothers as opposed to health care providers who were categorised as being the secondary source of support. Thus, breastfeeding promotion tailored at maternal mothers and grandmothers would be beneficial in improving their knowledge about the recommended infant feeding practices and consequently aid in providing appropriate support and advice to adolescent mothers. Additionally, training and attitude modification of health care providers is needed to provide adolescent mothers with age-appropriate, effective and sensitive care and counselling.
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Hoosen, Moghamad Phadiel. „Youth and adolescents’ perceptions of violence in post-apartheid South Africa: A systematic review“. University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7667.
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Magister Psychologiae - MPsychThe history of South Africa is embedded in violence. This can be traced to the arrival of the Dutch settlers in 1652, to the Afrikaner–nationalist ideology of apartheid, and finally into the current dispensation of democracy. Historically, violence with its various forms and negative sequelae, has been narrated from an adult-centred perspective. Thus, due to the paucity of literature from the perspective of youth and adolescents, this study aims to review and synthesise the findings of existing empirical studies focusing on youth and adolescents’ perceptions of violence in post-apartheid South Africa.
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Whateley, Anna. „"Surviving" adolescence : apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic transformations in young adult fiction“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37602/1/Anna_Whateley_Thesis.pdf.
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This study, entitled "Surviving" Adolescence: Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic transformations in young adult fiction‖, analyses how discourses surrounding the apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic are represented in selected young adult fiction published between 1997 and 2009. The term ―apocalypse‖ is used by current theorists to refer to an uncovering or disclosure (most often a truth), and ―post-apocalypse‖ means to be after a disclosure, after a revelation, or after catastrophe. This study offers a double reading of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic discourses, and the dialectical tensions that are inherent in, and arise from, these discourses. Drawing on the current scholarship of children‘s and young adult literature this thesis uses post-structural theoretical perspectives to develop a framework and methodology for conducting a close textual analysis of exclusion, ‗un‘differentiation, prophecy, and simulacra of death. The combined theoretical perspectives and methodology offer new contributions to young adult fiction scholarship. This thesis finds that rather than conceiving adolescence as the endurance of a passing phase of a young person‘s life, there is a new trend emerging in young adult fiction that treats adolescence as a space of transformation essential to the survival of the young adult, and his/her community.
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Walker, Jack. „Post-trauma response in children and adolescents : prevalence of acute stress symptoms and how these predict chronic post-traumatic stress“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/69037/.
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A significant minority of children and adolescents experience symptoms of acute stress following exposure to a traumatic event, some of whom will meet criteria for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) within the first month post-trauma. Current estimates of ASD prevalence vary greatly. In order to reach a more reliable estimate, a meta-analysis of ASD prevalence was conducted which comprised of 17 studies. The impact of moderators, including trauma type and method by which ASD was assessed, provided significant. Results are discussed within the context of the relatively small number of studies that met inclusion criteria, high levels of heterogeneity, and risk of bias. Many children and adolescents who have ASD will experience a period of natural recovery in the months that follow. However, previous research has identified that for a minority of youth, ASD symptoms will remain persistent beyond the first month; meeting criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The trajectory to either recovery or PTSD in youth who met criteria for ASD was explored, based upon their initial symptom profile. Of youth who met full ASD criteria, sleeping difficulties in the acute phase were associated with later PTSD. However, when using subthreshold ASD criteria, two additional symptoms showed an association. These findings are discussed with relation to the screening and assessment of children and adolescents, as well as early selective interventions, following exposure to a traumatic event.
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Kassheimer, Susan A. „Children and adolescents : early intervention and prevention of post traumatic stress disorder in Connecticut school systems /“. View abstract, 1998. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1528.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1998.Thesis advisor: Judith Rosenberg, Ph. D. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [54-58]).
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McNeill, Lori Lynn. „In pursuit of post-secondary education, willingness to relocate of rural Labrador adolescents“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0012/MQ61285.pdf.
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Suliman, Sharain. „Assessing post-traumatic responses among South African adolescents : a comparison of different methods“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6958.
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Bibliography: leaves 87-101.The present study compares the use of standardised diagnostic clinical interviews, self-report scales, and unstructured interviews, to determine if these different methods of assessment elicit the same or similar information with regards to trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression in adolescents. A sample of Grade ll learners was drawn from two schools in the Northern Suburbs of Cape T own. The total sample comprised of 58 learners between the ages of 16 and 18 years. Each participant was administered a demographic questionnaire, a clinical diagnostic interview, two self-report scales, and an unstructured interview. The diagnostic interview used was the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), and the self- report scales used were the Child and Adolescent Trauma Survey (CATS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CD1). The demographic questionnaire and qualitative interview were devised for the study. The McNemar Chi-Square statistic was used to determine differences between the interview and self-report methods of assessment, and a content analysis of the qualitative interview was conducted. Additionally, a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to establish a CATS score, indicating a high risk of PTSD, that was more sensitive to the sample. The results indicate that even though clinical interviews and self-report scales appear to produce different information, if appropriate cut-off points are used, self-report scales can be used as a screening device to reduce the number of clinical interviews required, thus contributing to a more efficient use of resources. They also indicate that unstructured qualitative interviews can elicit useful information about post- traumatic responses that is not captured by the DSM IV criteria.
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Brown, Jane Emily. „Understanding the Post-School Transition of Young People With Vision Impairment“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367965.
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For all young people, transition from secondary school to adulthood is a period filled with anticipation and challenge. Adolescents with vision impairment experience some unique and specific difficulties associated with their disability and their ability to operate in society (Konarska, 2007; Rosenblum, 2000). Notwithstanding the provision of a disability-specific curriculum, ongoing support from specialist staff, and the design and implementation of individualised transition plans, these young people find the transition to post-school life difficult, face social isolation, and experience high levels of unemployment and underemployment.
Despite these poor post-school outcomes, few studies have examined how adolescents with vision impairment are prepared for post-school life; how they transition out of secondary school, how they plan to participate in post-school life, and how this transition process can be enhanced. Primarily, the study presented in this thesis aimed to capture the perspectives of adolescents and young adults to provide insights into the influences and experiences related to the critical transition. The perspectives of these key stakeholders were augmented by the views of school staff and parents.
In this qualitative study, carefully sequenced and systematic methods were used to gauge participant perspectives. First, adolescents with vision impairment (n = 5) were invited to generate daily journal entries of their lives at secondary school over a 4-week period in response to set prompts. Following journal writing, the researcher designed interview procedures (i.e., an interviewer script and interview items) based on the study’s aims, along with data from journal entries and relevant literature. Second, one-on-one interviews were conducted not only with these adolescents, but also with young adults (n = 5) who had lived the post-school transition. Third, school staff (n = 6) and parents (n = 3) participated in separate focus group discussions in order to collect their perspectives about this transition. Prior to analysis, data from these three sources (journal entries, interviews, and group discussions) were transcribed and the resultant text coded into themes, sub-themes, and categories using NVivo8 software (QSR International, 2007).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Phipps, Valerie Lily. „The psychological effects of road traffic accidents on children and adolescents following admission to an Accident and Emergency Department“. Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58073/.
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Objectives: - The present research attempts to elicit children's perceptions and experiences of enduring a road traffic accident (RTA). It also examined their parents experiences of parenting such children and their own experiences and perceptions of the accident. Participants: - The study focussed on 14 children, aged from 9 years 9 months - 14 years and 4 months of age who had endured a RTA from between 9-33 months previously and their parents. Design: - The study employed a non-experimental design with a combination of quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Method: - The participants were identified via the hospital database of all children who had endured a RTA from between 6-24 months previously. Both the children and their parents were interviewed on specifically designed semi-structured interview schedules. Each interview was then tape-recorded and transcribed in its entirety. These transcripts then provided the universe of material for subsequent qualitative analysis. Results:- The results of this study demonstrated that approximately half of the children who had experienced a RTA were suffering from a post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, the PTSD case children differed from the non-case children on factors such as awareness of the inpending RTA, feelings of self-blame regarding the accident, and more negative thoughts regarding their experience immediately after the impact and at the time of the assessment. In addition, the parents of the case children displayed similar responses to that of their children. Conclusion: - A theoretical Model was presented to account for the main findings in response to the research questions, also drawing on existing research. It is emphasised that this model is speculative due to the small sample size insofar as it draws upon the present findings, and as such can only relate to this study sample and further research would be required to fully test and validate it. In addition, recommendations were made for service delivery and clinical practice.