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Lee, Sang Jun, Dale E. A. Lewis und Sankar Adhya. „Induction of the Galactose Enzymes in Escherichia coli Is Independent of the C-1-Hydroxyl Optical Configuration of the Inducer d-Galactose“. Journal of Bacteriology 190, Nr. 24 (17.10.2008): 7932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01008-08.
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ABSTRACT The two optical forms of aldohexose galactose differing at the C-1 position, α-d-galactose and β-d-galactose, are widespread in nature. The two anomers also occur in di- and polysaccharides, as well as in glycoconjugates. The anomeric form of d-galactose, when present in complex carbohydrates, e.g., cell wall, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, is specific. Their interconversion occurs as monomers and is effected by the enzyme mutarotase (aldose-1-epimerase). Mutarotase and other d-galactose-metabolizing enzymes are coded by genes that constitute an operon in Escherichia coli. The operon is repressed by the repressor GalR and induced by d-galactose. Since, depending on the carbon source during growth, the cell can make only one of the two anomers of d-galactose, the cell must also convert one anomer to the other for use in specific biosynthetic pathways. Thus, it is imperative that induction of the gal operon, specifically the mutarotase, be achievable by either anomer of d-galactose. Here we report in vivo and in vitro experiments showing that both α-d-galactose and β-d-galactose are capable of inducing transcription of the gal operon with equal efficiency and kinetics. Whereas all substitutions at the C-1 position in the α configuration inactivate the induction capacity of the sugar, the effect of substitutions in the β configuration varies depending upon the nature of the substitution; methyl and phenyl derivatives induce weakly, but the glucosyl derivative does not.
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Ye, Ding, Kuan Zhang, Hua-feng Chen, Shu-fan Yin und Ying Li. „4-Formylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranoside“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, Nr. 6 (20.05.2009): o1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809018248.
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The title compound, C21H24O11, crystallizes exclusively as the β-anomer. The substituent of the protected sugar at position C-3 is in the axial position, while all other groups are in equatorial positions. The pyranoside ring adopts a stable chair conformation.
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Vorobiev, Maxim V. „Legal Consciousness at the Early Stage of Personality Development from the Perspective of Russian Neo-Kantian Philosophy of Pedagogy“. Kantian journal 37, Nr. 2 (2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2018-2-3.
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In this study, I investigate the philosophico-pedagogical concepts developed by German and Russian Neo-Kantians, namely P. Natorp, S. I. Hessen, M. M. Rubinstein. In order to identify the peculiarities of the approaches of the Neo-Kantians to legal consciousness in children, I show that the widely accepted view that Hessen borrowed Natorp’s hierarchical triad of moral development — anomie, heteronomy, and autonomy — lacks a solid ground. Moreover, Natorp generally does not use the concept of anomie to characterise the state of morality and legal consciousness during early childhood, and Rubinstein’s position on this issue is closer to the position of Natorp than to that of Hessen. Furthermore, I examine the differences in the views of the Russian Neo-Kantians on play as an activity crucial for the understanding of human childhood. According to Hessen, play is anomic, whereas Rubinstein sees it as a collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s and Rubinstein’s understandings of the phenomena of law and legal consciousness, which determined their definitions of legal consciousness in children. Unlike Hessen, who insists that anomie is innate in early childhood, since children of that age are unfamiliar with ethical categories, Rubinstein introduces the concept of “legal psychology,” which contains the germs of legal consciousness.
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MAENAKA, Katsumi, Masaaki MATSUSHIMA, Gota KAWAI, Akinori KIDERA, Kimitsuna WATANABE, Ryota KUROKI und Izumi KUMAGAI. „Structural and functional effect of Trp-62→Gly and Asp-101→Gly substitutions on substrate-binding modes of mutant hen egg-white lysozymes“. Biochemical Journal 333, Nr. 1 (01.07.1998): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3330071.
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In order to clarify the structural role of subsite B of hen egg-white lysozyme in hydrolytic activity towards a carbohydrate substrate, we analysed the structures of Trp-62 → Gly and Asp-101 → Gly mutant hen lysozymes, which have no side chain at positions 62 or 101, complexed with a substrate analogue, (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine)3 [(GlcNAc)3], using X-ray crystallography. The overall protein structures in the mutant lysozyme complexes were almost identical to those in the wild type. In the crystals of all the mutant complexes, the (GlcNAc)3 molecule, which is an inhibitor of wild-type lysozyme, had no inhibitory effect, but was hydrolysed as a substrate. One of the products, (GlcNAc)2, the reducing end of which is an α-anomer, was bound in an unproductive binding mode, protruding from the active-site cleft, and was able to act as an inhibitor. Hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate by the mutants occurred in a β-anomer-retaining manner, and so the α-anomer product was converted from the β-anomer product. Thus the interactions of Asp-101 and Trp-62 in subsite B are not essential for the catalytic mechanism, but co-operatively enhance the affinity of the substrate in the productive binding mode, other than the inhibitor in the unproductive mode.
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Maqboor, Zahida, Mashooda Hasan, Kevin T. Potts, Abdul Malik, Tanveer Ahmad Nizami und Wolfgang Voelter. „Syntheses of Anomeric Pairs of New C-Nucleosides via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction, Part II“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, Nr. 11 (01.11.1997): 1393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-1118.
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Abstract 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of dipolarophiles (1) and (2) with endocyclic heterocyclic azomethine ylides (4), (14) and (24), prepared in situ, leads to the protected β-and α-C-nucleo-sides (7), (8), (17), (18), (27) and (28), respectively. These, on subsequent hydrolysis, provide the corresponding C-nucleosides. The structures of all the synthesized com pounds are con firmed through analytical and spectral data. The assignment of configuration at C -1′ position of the C-nucleosides could be done by a comparative study of the properties of the corresponding α and β anomers with a reasonable degree of certainity.
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Hakobyan, Naira, und Anna Khachatryan. „Post-War Anomie in the Field of Management Leadership and Anomie Overcoming Models“. Business Ethics and Leadership 6, Nr. 2 (2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(2).94-102.2022.
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This paper presents the results of a theoretical-methodological analysis of the post-war anomie phenomenon in management leadership. The main features of post-war anomie are shown. The paper investigates this topic in the following logical sequence: in a post-war society, where almost all areas of public life marginalize rapidly, a marginal type of manager becomes dominant. It is a kind of hybrid type of management, which occupies an intermediate position between the traditional (pre-war) and new (post-war) types. In a post-war society, a sense of security and confidence in the future is replaced by uncertainty. At every step, a contradictory situation arises, social tensions grow, and competition and interpersonal and intergroup conflicts become more widespread. The consequences of the war are felt more strongly, and the living conditions of people are deteriorating, which causes panic, shocks, stress, and psycho-physiological disorders. People do not even have a vague idea of where society is moving, their role in this process, and where their place is − all this gives rise to uncertainty in the future. It becomes difficult for many to adapt to new conditions psychologically. For the individual, the social world is collapsing in the truest sense. Traditional stereotypes of adaptation and rationalization are being destroyed − people do not understand what is happening in their environment. The research theoretically proves that specific models aim to overcome anomie in a post-war society. Overcoming anomie also suggests a strong influence, sometimes needed to move towards the chosen direction. The problem is that very often, strong effects can develop into distress, and accordingly, the formation of new social norms will suffer, possibly leading to a dysfunctional company. The results of the research can be helpful for the specialists in the fields of business ethics and leadership, contemporary approaches, and socio-psychological issues of human behavior in a post-war society.
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Grubb, Henry Jefferson. „SOCIAL COHESION AS DETERMINED BY THE LEVELS AND TYPES OF INVOLVEMENT“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 15, Nr. 1 (01.01.1987): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1987.15.1.87.
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This paper takes the position that all behavior is a result of individual-group interaction. The individual's initiation and socialization into the most primary and universal of groups, the family, serves as a model for understanding the social learning process. All learning is determined by attachment to and identification with the various groups to which one belongs. This “social cohesion” is a function of the member's levels and types of group involvement. These types are described ranked according to degree of involvement (greatest to least): (1) identification; (2) alienation; (3) autonomy; and (4) anomie. Examples for each involvement-type are given to illustrate.
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Jasper, Cynthia R., und Mary Ellen Roach-Higgins. „ROLE CONFLICT AND CONFORMITY IN DRESS“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 16, Nr. 2 (01.01.1988): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.2.227.
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This study proceeded from the general theoretical position that dress is a significant element in role enactment and addressed the specific question of why there is apparent conflict regarding what form of dress is appropriate to enactment of the role of the Roman Catholic priest. Data analyzed were drawn from a study of 5,475 American Catholic priests. Priests who conformed to church regulations regarding dress differed from nonconformists in their beliefs about their roles as priests and in their opinions of church reform, commitment to the priesthood, feelings of anomie, rank within the priesthood, and age.
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HAKOBYAN, Naira, Lilit KAZANCHIAN, Laura PETROSYAN und Anna KHACHATRYAN. „Social-Psychological and Legal-Philosophical Characteristics of Personality Anomie“. WISDOM 24, Nr. 4 (25.12.2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v24i4.950.
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The key to the successful and effective development of any society is the socio-psychological well-being of the population and personality, based on certain legal and philosophical concepts. Modern society experiences a kind of civilizational, philosophical, legal and socio-psychological crisis - the transformation of norms and behavior, against the background of which various forms of deviation are clearly manifested. As a result, in the context of the transformation of society, for a more complete and deeper study of the characteristics of human behavior, it becomes necessary to understand the causes of their occurrence. This methodological position allows first of all describing the mental world of a person who acts in the frames of the certain understanding and perception of social-psychological and legal norms of behavior. In this context, the procedure of psychological and legal-philosophical reconstruction of scientific concept of anomie is used as a methodological tool, which is aimed at analyzing various manifestations of the psyche of the personality and its anomic characteristics.
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Dembitskyi, Serhii S. „Normless Anomie Index (NLAI): Construction and Validation“. Sociological Journal 25, Nr. 3 (2019): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2019.25.3.6673.
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This article presents the results of constructing and validating the “Normless anomie index” (NLAI) sociological test, designed to measure the level of anomie among Russian-speaking and Ukrainian-speaking respondents. The theoretical validity of NLAI is based on an understanding of anomie that was proposed and detailed in the works of R. Merton. The content of the index is based on normless indicators presented in the articles of D. Dean, G. McCloskey and J. Shaar, as well as indicators presented in this article. The study is based on data from two surveys (November 2018, N = 600; April 2019, N = 600), which represent the adult population of Ukraine according to such parameters as age, gender, type of settlement and region of residence. For the purpose of empirical validation, the factor structure of the theoretical construct was analyzed (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and construct validity was confirmed based on indicators that describe respondents’ political consciousness and their social well-being (correlation analysis). Three versions of NLAI were tested: 1) based on indicators claiming the existence of norms, as well as based on indicators claiming the opposite (survey conducted in 2018); 2) based on indicators claiming only the absence of norms, with more specific wording (survey conducted in 2019); 3) based on indicators claiming only the absence of norms, with more abstract wording (survey conducted in 2019). A conclusion is made about the higher quality of the second version of NLAI. A classifier of answers to the NLAI indicators is proposed, which allows for categorizing respondents into four groups: anomic (predominance of answers which indicate the absence of norms), ambivalent (there are answers indicating both the absence of norms and their presence), undefined (answers prevail which indicate the absence of a clear position) and non-anomic (prevailing answers indicating the presence of norms).
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Sultana, Zakea, Isaac Adeyemi Babarinde und Akira Asakura. „Diversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Pagurid Hermit Crabs (Anomura: Paguridae: Pagurus)“. Diversity 14, Nr. 2 (16.02.2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020141.
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Species of the genus Pagurus have diversified into a wide variety of marine habitats across the world. Despite their worldwide abundance, the genus diversity and biogeographical relationship are relatively less understood at species-level. We evaluated the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity among the Pagurus species based on publicly available mitochondrial and nuclear markers. While independent analyses of different markers allowed for larger coverage of taxa and produced largely consistent results, the concatenation of 16S and COI partial sequences led to higher confidence in the phylogenetic relationships. Our analyses established several monophyletic species clusters, substantially corresponding to the previously established morphology-based species groups. The comprehensive species inclusion in the molecular phylogeny resolved the taxonomic position of a number of recently described species that had not been assigned to any morpho-group. In mitochondrial markers-based phylogenies, the “Provenzanoi” group was identified as the basal lineage of Pagurus. The divergence time estimation of the major groups of Pagurus revealed that the Pacific species originated and diversified from the Atlantic lineages around 25–51 MYA. The molecular results suggested a higher inter-regional species diversity and complex phylogenetic relationships within the diverse and heterogeneous members of the genus Pagurus. The study presents a comprehensive snapshot of the diversity of pagurid hermit crabs across multiple geographic regions.
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Klompmaker, Adiël A., Pedro Artal, René H. B. Fraaije und John W. M. Jagt. „Revision of the family Gastrodoridae (Crustacea, Decapoda), by description of the first species from the Cretaceous“. Journal of Paleontology 85, Nr. 2 (März 2011): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-028.1.
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Representatives of the family Gastrodoridae were exclusively known from Jurassic deposits in central Europe. Here, the first Cretaceous species, Gastrodorus cretahispanicus n. sp., is recorded from reefal strata of the Eguino Formation (Albeniz Unit) of Albian-Cenomanian age, in western Navarra (northern Spain). Not only does the occurrence of the new species extend the stratigraphic range of the family upward for approximately 45 million years into the mid-Cretaceous, it also constitutes the first record of gastrodorids from southern Europe. For over a century, the taxonomic position of the genus Gastrodorus has been debated. It is revised here and the family Gastrodoridae is given a full superfamily status within the Anomura. The genus Eogastrodorus is also redefined. Gastrodorids underwent a remarkable size reduction from the Middle to Upper Jurassic, which may be explained by their migration into reef environments.
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Elchardus, Mark, und Bram Spruyt. „Populism, Persistent Republicanism and Declinism: An Empirical Analysis of Populism as a Thin Ideology“. Government and Opposition 51, Nr. 1 (30.09.2014): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.27.
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Populism is usually studied by looking at the electoral and rhetorical strategies of parties considered to be populist. In contrast, this article attempts to measure the support for the core propositions of populism among voters and explain the social differences in that support. On the basis of a survey of the Dutch-speaking population of Belgium (N: 2,330) we find that this support for populism turns out not to be directly influenced by a weak or uncertain economic position, by dissatisfaction with personal life or feelings of anomie. Support for populism appears foremost as a consequence of a very negative view of the evolution of society – declinism – and of the feeling of belonging to a group of people that is unfairly treated by society.
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LI, XIANYUE, XIAO HE und WEI XU. „THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXAMINATION AND GUIDANCE STRATEGIES OF ONLINE BEHAVIOR OF “POST-00S” COLLEGE STUDENTS IN CHINA“. Sociopolitical Sciences 13, Nr. 2 (30.04.2023): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-2-87-97.
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The purpose of this work is to elucidate the intergenerational characteristics of online behaviors of Chinese “post-00s” college students, which contain positive and negative factors. To this end, we endeavor to explicate their online behaviors through an empirical viewpoint and a comparative analysis approach. The present paper will outline the intergenerational characteristics of online behaviors from tripartite perspective. First of all, in terms of online social behavior, it evinves the coexistence of diversification and circle stratification, thereby blocking mainstream discourse from intervening. Secondly, in terms of online entertainment behavior, it has increasingly become fanatical and dramatic, impeding the dissemination of mainstream values. Lastly, regarding online learning behavior, it is progressively self-reliant and reciprocal, gradually diminishing intergenerational emotional dependency and shaking the dominant position of mainstream ideology. The dichotomy of their online behaviors is likely to result in the predicament of online behavior anomie, posing challenges to the efficacy of moral education in Chinese tertiary institutions. Confined from the perspective of moral education, to effectively avert the anomie of online behavior among Chinese “post-00” college students, this manuscript will proffer three measures to bolster the efficacy of moral education in Chinese tertiary institutions. One is to augment mainstream discourse intervention and advance online media literacy education. The second is to facilitate the propagation of mainstream values and refine the digital ecosystem. The third pertains to the modernization of moral education’s narrative and spatial structure, culminating in the elevation of mainstream ideology’s prestige.
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Matějů, Petr, und Klára Vlachová. „Values and Electoral Decisions in the Czech Republic“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31, Nr. 3 (01.09.1998): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(98)00011-7.
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This article is an attempt to identify the role of politically relevant values and attitudes in voting behaviour in the Czech Republic. In view of the results of earlier analyses, which show there has been a process of intense crystallization of left–right political axis of the Czech political spectrum, this paper aims to demonstrate the specific roles of declared and value-based left–right political orientations, the effects of external and internal political efficacy, the feelings of anomie, and the required role of state. The analysis of data from the ISSP survey carried out at the end of 1996 shows that a person's declared position on the left–right axis of political orientation has far stronger influence on voting behaviour than does his or her position on the left–right scale based on socio-economic values traditionally underlying left–right political orientations. This difference indicates, among other things, that in the Czech Republic the declared right-wing political orientations so far acted as barrier to voting for left-wing political parties, for which people would likely vote if they voted according to their value-based left-wing orientations.
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Gabryelski, Wojciech, und Kenneth L. Froese. „Rapid and sensitive differentiation of anomers, linkage, and position isomers of disaccharides using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS)“. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 14, Nr. 3 (März 2003): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-0305(03)00002-3.
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Marks, John. „Alain Ehrenberg: Autonomy and empowerment“. French Cultural Studies 33, Nr. 2 (03.12.2021): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09571558211063336.
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This article considers Alain Ehrenberg's extensive analysis of individualism in contemporary France. It shows how he has traced the emergence of autonomy as a key social value, and it goes on to analyse the distinctive features of Ehrenberg's sociological approach. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Ehrenberg does not regard the growth of individualism in France as a tragic process of anomie and isolation. In fact, he is critical of what he sees as a pervasive French discourse of ‘declinology’, and he has expressed his growing frustration with this perspective more recently in explicitly political terms. Although he acknowledges that autonomy can be burdensome for individuals, he feels that the state should respond to the sociological fact of autonomy by supporting and empowering citizens as autonomous agents. The article concludes by drawing attention to the limitations of this political position.
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Kostina, Elena, und Nadezhda Orlova. „Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Modern Russian Society“. Всероссийский криминологический журнал 12, Nr. 6 (24.12.2018): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(6).795-805.
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The authors research the criminal situation in the conditions of globalization, reproduction of social risks, crisis and dominance of economic processes over all spheres of social and private life. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the actual degree of criminogenity of most important social institutions in modern Russia from the standpoint of the anomie theory of E. Durkheim, its interpretation by R. Merton and of the institutional anomie theory of S. Messner and R. Rosenfeld. They highlight changes in traditional non-economic social institutions and the actualization of conditions causing social stratification according to the «inclusion/exclusion» criterion, which act as a basis for the development of systemic deviantization factors. At the same time, the authors stress that the research of objective social processes should go hand-in-hand with the research of the subjective component, namely, social attitudes aimed at the assessment and the degree of interiorization, declared and often imposed and viewed as meaningful incentives for reaching objectives. This research uses the method of analyzing the secondary data of public surveys, it analyzes statistical data, including various socio-economic, demographic and other indices as well as the questionnaire method. In order to predict the situation in the sphere of studying criminal behavior, the authors suggest paying attention to the processes of de-commoditization, which act as a basis for reducing the imbalance in how a person perceives his/her position in society; they also suggest taking into consideration the negative impact of economic aspects on the cultural and moral principles of the society.
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Wang, Zhengfei, Yuqing Zheng, Xinyue Zhao, Xinyi Xu, Zhiwen Xu und Chong Cui. „Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of the Tuerkayana (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) Genus Based on Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences“. Biology 12, Nr. 7 (08.07.2023): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12070974.
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Tuerkayana is of particular interest because it has been separated, in recent years, from Cardisoma and Discoplax but studies of its taxonomic status, especially from a whole mitochondrial genome perspective, have been lacking. In this study, the mitogenomes of four species (Tuerkayana magnum, Tuerkayana rotundum, Tuerkayana hirtipes, and Tuerkayana celeste) of Tuerkayana are sequenced and contrasted with other species in Brachyura for the first time. The phylogenetic tree of Brachyura, which includes 206 crab species (189 species of Brachyuran and 17 Anomura species) with a complete mitogenome, was constructed to evaluate the phylogenetic position of Tuerkayana and Gecarcinidae within Brachyuran, and explore the monophyly of Gecarcinidae. Furthermore, two single gene trees based on cox1 and 16SrRNA separately within interspecies of Gecarcinidae were reconstructed, providing molecular evidence for Tuerkayana and further clarifying the division of genera in Gecarcinidae. Based on the mitogenome dataset of 206 crabs, the branch-site model was utilized to explore selective pressure in individual codons with CodeML. The strong selective pressure shown in nad6 indicates that it may have played a significant role in the evolution of Gecarcinidae.
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de Swaan, Abram. „Dyscivilization, Mass Extermination and the State“. Theory, Culture & Society 18, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2001): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02632760122051733.
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Are massive violence and destruction a manifestation of ‘modernity’, even its very essence, or rather its total opposite: ‘a breakdown of civilization’? Although ostensibly Norbert Elias mainly occupied himself with the civilizing process, he was always, though mostly implicitly so, preoccupied with its complement and counterpart: violence, regression and anomie. In recent years, a number of his students have returned to these themes. Whether they wanted to or not, they were drawn into a debate that never subsided for long in the last century. I shall argue a position that transcends this opposition between ‘modernization’ and ‘regression’: at the core of the civilizing process, another contrary current may manifest itself, allowing extreme violence on a mass scale to be perpetrated towards specific categories of people, while civilized relations and modes of expression are maintained in other sections of society. The concepts of identification, disidentification and compartmentalization should help to describe and explain these ‘dyscivilizing’ processes in their complex relations to processes of civilization.
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del Acebo Ibáñez, Enrique, und Mariano Costa. „Antarctic environmental problems: attitudes and behaviours of young inhabitants of two Argentine cities (Buenos Aires and San Carlos de Bariloche)“. Polar Record 46, Nr. 3 (04.12.2009): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409990404.
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ABSTRACTThis study tries to show how the different modes of the fact of urban dwelling relate to the different forms and types of behaviour and representations of reality in relation to the present and future environmental problems, and their probable and desirable solutions, of Antarctica. On the basis of a theoretical socio-ecological and socio-existential discussion, together with a ‘rootedness’ approach, the results of a comparative study on young inhabitants (15–25 years old) of the Patagonian city of San Carlos de Bariloche, and the city of Buenos Aires, are analysed in order to ascertain their representations, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours, in relation to Antarctica, its environmental problems, and possible solutions to them.‘Rootedness’ is considered as a ‘total phenomenon’: multidimensional and interdependent among its different dimensions, spatial, social, and cultural, and also as an explanatory variable, together with anomie, (taken in this context as being an individual and/or structural situation that emerged when subjects do not feel that the current normative and axiological framework applies to them), participation, and consumerism. These variables were measured and related to different attitudes and behaviours of the young inhabitants in question.Individuals with a high ‘rootedness’ level, and a low anomie level tend to identify environmental problems as dealing with immediate human action in terms of depredation and/or direct pollution. At the same time, this type of social actor (‘rooted’ and not anomic) tends to give priority as a solution to the socialisation and information processes. Perhaps a clear visualisation, coupled with a clear experience of the normative-axiological web of a given society could anchor individuals so that they could be in a better position to identify environmental problems, as well as possible causes and solutions thereof. A high grade of anomie causes subjects to envisage the future in a most pessimistic way.Control and punishment as a means of remedying environmental problems tend to be emphasised predominantly among subjects within the 20–25 age range, and within a higher percentage of females. The same solution is also suggested by individuals suffering from a low actual, as well as potential, participation level.Antarctica tends to be seen as the Terra Incognita. The high percentage of subjects that do not answer or say that they do not know the Antarctic issue can be summed up as a predominant ‘couldn't-care-less’, indifference many young people demonstrate with respect to the continent. The imaginary Antarctica, as a fruit of an aesthetic, poetic, and utopian vision is predominantly present among young people with a lower level of consumerism orientated life, a low anomie level and a high grade of potential participation, that is, individuals endowed with sufficient energy to experience and go ahead in concepts in which Antarctica rises as a metaphor of beauty, mystery, purity, virginity, and as the last shelter. Conversely, a more pragmatic and conflict aimed vision of Antarctica is to be found in a higher ratio among young people with the highest socio-economic level (SEL).
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HIROSE, MAMIKO, MASAYUKI OSAWA und EUICHI HIROSE. „DNA barcoding of hermit crabs of genus Clibanarius Dana, 1852 (Anomura: Diogenidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan“. Zootaxa 2414, Nr. 1 (30.03.2010): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2414.1.5.
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The diogenid hermit crab genus Clibanarius Dana, 1852 is a group of decapod crustaceans commonly found in tropical or subtropical shallow waters. The species of the genus are usually characterized by distinct color patterns in life, but the identification of colorless specimens preserved in ethanol is sometimes very difficult. DNA barcoding can facilitate species identification and recognition. In this study, we determined partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of 11 Clibanarius species commonly found in the intertidal zones of the Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan. The sequences can be used as nametags to distinguish each of the 11 species, as the data differ for each species. The COI gene sequences of Clibanarius show an AT bias, especially in the third codon position (A+T = 76.2%), as has been reported for some other anomuran species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences also offer some suggestions on the interspecific relationships of Clibanarius.
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Bond, Hilary. „“We're the Mob You Should be Listening to”: Aboriginal Elders at Mornington Island Speak Up about Productive Relationships with Visiting Teachers“. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 39, Nr. 1 (2010): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000909.
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AbstractThis paper explores, with a qualitative framework, critical social theory and thematic analysis, the narratives of many Aboriginal elders of Mornington Island (Kunhanhaa) about their history and their potential to form productive kin-based relationships with visiting teachers in order to influence the curriculum and pedagogy delivered at the local school. One exemplary teacher's journey provides educational insights that teachers need to be culturally responsive, friendly and compassionate and should heed the advice of senior Indigenous members of a community to be successful teachers. No other teachers are interviewed, nor are the opinions of the Queensland Department of Education sought. I spent from 1998 to mid 2003 researching this topic for my PhD after many of the elders asked for my help to improve the educational outcomes of the local school and die lives of the children in the community. Thirty of the male elders and 12 female elders asked me to help them regain their former positions as teachers at the local school, as they had severe misgivings about prevailing relationship with the teachers and the contribution of the school to their community. This participatory action-research paper positions the elders as active agents, insistent that teachers act as edu-carers to ensure the community's young people's survival in the face of worsening anomie.
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Garton, Caleigh S., Noelle K. DeRose, Dylan Dominguez, Maria L. Turbi-Henderson, Ashley L. Lehr, Ashley D. Padilla, Scott D. Twining et al. „Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 2-Deoxy-N-glycosylbenzotriazoles/imidazoles“. Molecules 26, Nr. 12 (19.06.2021): 3742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123742.
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A series of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-d-mannopyranosylbenzotriazoles was synthesized using the benzyl, 4,6-benzylidene and acetyl protected D-glucal in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Subsequent removal of the iodine at the C-2 position using tributyltin hydride under free radical conditions afforded the 2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosylbenzotriazoles in moderate to high yields. This method was extended to the preparation of substituted 2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosylimidazoles as well. The stereoselectivity of the addition reaction and the effect of the protecting group and temperature on anomer distribution of the benzotriazole series were also investigated. The anticancer properties of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in a series of viability studies using HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma), human breast and lung cancer cell lines. The N-[3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl]-1H-benzotriazole and the N-[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl]-2H-benzotriazole were found to be the most potent cancer cell inhibitors at 20 µM concentrations across all four cell lines.
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McCutcheon, David C., Peter Norris und Matthias Zeller. „1,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-2-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-β-L-fucose“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, Nr. 2 (15.01.2014): o134—o135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813034958.
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The title compound, C14H18F3NO8, was produced through conjugation of 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2-azidodeoxy-α,β-L-fucose with trifluoroacetyl chloride in the presence of bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The X-ray crystal structure reveals that the β-anomer of the product mixture crystallizes from ethyl acetate/hexanes. The compound exists in a typical chair conformation with the maximum possible number of substituents, four out of five, located in the sterically preferred equatorial positions. The major directional force facilitating packing of the molecules are N—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the amide moieties of neighboring molecules, which connect molecules stacked along thea-axis direction into infinite strands with aC11(4) graph-set motif. Formation of the strands is assisted by a number of weaker C—H...O interactions involving the methine and methyl H atoms. These strands are connected through further C—H...O and C—H...F interactions into a three dimensional network
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Korn, Olga M., Darya D. Golubinskaya, David J. Rees, Henrik Glenner und Jens T. Høeg. „Phylogenetic position, complete larval development and larval sexual dimorphism in a rhizocephalan barnacle, Lernaeodiscus rybakovi sp. nov. (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae), parasitizing the crab Pachycheles stevensii Stimpson, 1858 (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae)“. Zoologischer Anzeiger 287 (Juli 2020): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.06.005.
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Adedeji OYENUGA, Abdulbasit Folawiyo, Suliat Opeyemi Kareem, Adeola Esther, Mustapha Ameen, Stella Eguaoje, Timothy Anigioro, Kingsley Onwuezi und Qudus Seyi Olaogun. „SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS OF YOUNG PERSONS' INVOLVEMENT IN THE SMUGGLING OF GOODS IN THE BADAGRY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS, NIGERIA“. Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities (ISSN:2208-2387) 9, Nr. 4 (05.05.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v9i4.1657.
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The smuggling of goods is a global issue with preponderance in most border communities worldwide. This paper is a qualitative examination of the socioeconomic factors of young persons' involvement in smuggling goods in the Badagry Local Government Area. The study used the Anomie Theory. Badagry is an ancient town that is also a border location between Nigeria and the Republic of Benin. Young persons between the ages of 15 and 35 years who are currently involved in the smuggling of goods and those who had in the past were purposively selected. Older people who engaged in smuggling at younger ages were also selected. Data were collected through the use of an In-depth Interview Schedule. They were analysed using content analysis and ethnographic summaries. The study found that the peculiar features of young persons involved in smuggling included keeping gangs and using voodoos, among others. That pseudonyms are created based on physique (Ijaya), position in the gang or Charisma (Apase), and others. The factors included unemployment, economic vulnerability, peer influence, family background, proximity to the border, and others. Finding also revealed that they tend to be involved in other crimes like substance consumption, burglary, and others. It is pertinent to state that smuggling is becoming more challenging, especially in the Internet age. As such, the government is responsible for providing employment and empowerment, the family practising stricter socialisation, especially at the border towns, and the security operatives become more vigilant.
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Ilyinsky, I. M., und V. A. Lukov. „Moscow students: Changes in value orientations“. RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, Nr. 1 (15.12.2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-50-63.
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The article considers the stable ideas of the significant part of the Moscow students when assessing personal qualities typical for the Russian youth. The study presented in the report of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation in 2011 identified a high level of the youth’s criticism when assessing one’s generation and emphasizing its egoism and irresponsibility. In the surveys conducted in the Moscow University for Humanities in 2011-2019, a part of the same questionnaire was used to assess the qualities of the contemporary Russian youth, and the results were the same. In the ranking of such qualities in 2019, the first 10 positions were taken by laziness, selfishness, sociability, irresponsibility, aggressiveness, independence, indifference, optimism, naivety and cynicism, i.e. together with positive features there are qualities traditionally considered in the Russian society as unacceptable. The last 10 positions were taken by openness, kindness, pushfulness, initiative, greed, rationalism, responsibility, honesty, patriotism and conscientiousness. Thus, the highly appreciated by the society moral qualities are presented in the students’ estimates as not typical for the youth. The additional open questions clarifying the value orientations of students in terms of their estimates of such attitudes of people in the past, present and future showed that in older generations and one’s social circle the student youth appreciate the most the socially valued qualities and want their children in the future to have such. The ranking of such qualities starts with honesty, kindness, responsibility, purposefulness, openness, sociability, sincerity, responsiveness, punctuality and goodwill. The contradictions between the estimates of the youth qualities and the expected qualities of one’s social circle have been repeatedly confirmed at the empirical level. However, this is not a feature of the student youth but rather a result of the social anomie in the sphere of value orientations in the transition period. The authors believe that the transformation trend of students’ value orientations towards individualism is stable but not typical for the youth in general.
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Miranda, Ivana, und Fernando L. Mantelatto. „Porcelain crabs of the genera Pachycheles Stimpson and Neopisosoma Haig (Decapoda : Anomura : Porcellanidae): new premises based on molecular data and comments on phylogenetic relationships in the family“. Invertebrate Systematics 30, Nr. 5 (2016): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is16025.
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Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 is a family of marine anomuran crabs distributed throughout tropical and temperate regions of all the oceans, typically littoral and sublittoral waters, with a considerable diversity of lifestyles, habitats and colouration. Pachycheles Stimpson, 1858 and Neopisosoma Haig, 1960 share, among other morphological characteristics, the fragmentation of the lateral carapace walls. The morphology of this body region was key to supporting the establishment of Neopisosoma, which increased uncertainty about the taxonomic status of these genera due to the high intraspecific variation of this character. Our study reconstructs the phylogenetic relationship between Pachycheles and Neopisosoma based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to evaluate whether these are valid taxa. While Pachycheles seems to be monophyletic, the position of Neopisosoma mexicanum (Streets, 1871) indicates that the group is polyphyletic, and deserves further investigation. Pachycheles is revealed to be older than Neopisosoma, and likely originated in the Indo-Pacific, later spreading to the American continent during the early Tertiary. Neopisosoma may have arisen much later in the Caribbean Province before the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, explaining its distribution, which is restricted mainly to Central America. The inclusion of a considerable number of species from both genera represents a significant advance in the study of this controversial group. The phylogenetic reconstruction of Pachycheles unveiled clades corroborated by morphology, but also revealed unclear relationships, which may indicate the potential existence of cryptic species.
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Sidelmann, Ulla G., Claire Gavaghan, Howard A. J. Carless, Manfred Spraul, Martin Hofmann, John C. Lindon, Ian D. Wilson und Jeremy K. Nicholson. „750-MHz directly coupled HPLC-NMR: Application for the sequential characterization of the positional isomers and anomers of 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorobenzoic acid glucuronides in equilibrium mixtures“. Analytical Chemistry 67, Nr. 24 (Dezember 1995): 4441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00120a001.
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Aparicio, Miriam. „Professional Mobility and “Objective” and “Subjective” Satisfaction. a Non- Linear Analysis from the Theory of the Three-Dimensional Spiral of Sense in Population of Doctors“. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, Nr. 4 (01.12.2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i4.p52-61.
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This work goes along the lines of the author’s research (1995-2016) on professional careers and models bearing causes and effects regarding sustained interaction (core, psychosocial, institutional and structural factors). The aim of this paper was analyze, through the doctors’ social representations, the levels of satisfaction evidenced by those who have advanced professionally to the highest positions within the scientific (or other) system. The hypothesis states that the relation is not linear but inverse. Satisfaction would not increase according to the Professional Status. We consider here, on the one hand, the insufficient Professionalization and the increasing demands from the market; and on the other, the impact structural limits have on the micro level. The methodology used was quanti-qualitative (semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and hierarchical evocations). The population consisted of doctors (2005-2012) from the National University of Cuyo, in Argentina and the Cnam (France) of different courses of study. The results confirm the hypothesis. As regards what was observed among those who advanced professionally, the increase on the growing market demands along with the lack of institutionalized means in order to reach goals, result in lower satisfaction. This is interpreted from the theory of the author, which involves 3 levels (macro-meso-micro-macro) (Aparicio, 2015 a, b). We also consider the theories of anomie and of the expectancy of valence (Feather - Davenport). Findings along this line were also seen in studies with scientists (Aparicio, 2014). The results propose a revision in the prevailing working conditions and police: satisfaction acts on subsystems and consolidates them.
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Aparicio, Miriam. „Professional Mobility and “Objective” and “Subjective” Satisfaction. a Non- Linear Analysis from the Theory of the Three-Dimensional Spiral of Sense in Population of Doctors“. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, Nr. 1 (01.12.2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v6i1.p52-61.
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This work goes along the lines of the author’s research (1995-2016) on professional careers and models bearing causes and effects regarding sustained interaction (core, psychosocial, institutional and structural factors). The aim of this paper was analyze, through the doctors’ social representations, the levels of satisfaction evidenced by those who have advanced professionally to the highest positions within the scientific (or other) system. The hypothesis states that the relation is not linear but inverse. Satisfaction would not increase according to the Professional Status. We consider here, on the one hand, the insufficient Professionalization and the increasing demands from the market; and on the other, the impact structural limits have on the micro level. The methodology used was quanti-qualitative (semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and hierarchical evocations). The population consisted of doctors (2005-2012) from the National University of Cuyo, in Argentina and the Cnam (France) of different courses of study. The results confirm the hypothesis. As regards what was observed among those who advanced professionally, the increase on the growing market demands along with the lack of institutionalized means in order to reach goals, result in lower satisfaction. This is interpreted from the theory of the author, which involves 3 levels (macro-meso-micro-macro) (Aparicio, 2015 a, b). We also consider the theories of anomie and of the expectancy of valence (Feather - Davenport). Findings along this line were also seen in studies with scientists (Aparicio, 2014). The results propose a revision in the prevailing working conditions and police: satisfaction acts on subsystems and consolidates them.
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Yatchenko, Volodymyr, und Oksana Oliinyk. „SOCIAL TRAUMA AS A CONFLICTOGENIC FACTOR IN UKRAINIAN STUDIES AND IN UKRAINIAN HISTORY“. Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, Nr. 25 (2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.25.21.
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The article deals with aspects of the interconnection of the phenomena of social trauma and social conflict, especially in the context of modern Ukrainian society, as well as in the context of the problems of Ukrainian studies discourse. The authors note the extreme importance of the phenomenon of social trauma in the state of health, in the vital program of the individual, in the collective self-identification of social groups, in particular of nations, and the problems and specifics of the manifestation of social trauma in philosophical and sociological sciences. Social trauma is capable to influence the personality's understanding of the meaning of its existence, the interpretation of the direction of development of social processes, the content of interpersonal and intergroup relations in the society. As a result of the defeat of one of the parties of a social conflict, the trauma itself can turn into a conflict factor in the social organism. The authors emphasize the diverse impact of social trauma on the emergence and course of social conflicts in interpersonal and intergroup spheres in the history and contemporary realities of Ukrainian society. It is emphasized that social trauma can be caused not only by real but also by fictional events, which can also cause social conflicts. The article emphasizes the extremely important role of the value positions of the subjects of social conflict in the ranking of traumatic events in the Convention of Ukrainian Studies, shows the influence of these positions on the interethnic and interclass relations in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the connection of social trauma with social conflicts in the life of the modern Ukrainian society in the post-truth situation are also analyzed. The authors emphasize that provoking social conflict by means of creating a post-truth situation if post-truth speculates on real or imagined social trauma is especially dangerous for the society. An ongoing social conflict will be deep and lasting. The manipulation of historical facts by placing them in a post-truth situation is illustrated in the article by facts from the sphere of hybrid warfare conducted by the Russian Federation in the eastern territories of Ukraine. The article explores several aspects of the impact of social trauma on social conflicts in the context of anomie in the spiritual life of the Ukrainian society.
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Sidelmann, Ulla, Steen H. Hansen, Claire Gavaghan, Andrew W. Nicholls, Howard A. J. Carless, John C. Lindon, Ian D. Wilson und Jeremy K. Nicholson. „Development of a simple liquid chromatographic method for the separation of mixtures of positional isomers and anomers of synthetic 2-, 3- and 4-fluorobenzoic acid glucuronides formed via acyl migration reactions“. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 685, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1996): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(96)00137-5.
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Carlesso, V., F. Fournier, C. Afonso und J. C. Tabet. „Halogen Counter-Ion Effect on the Dissociation of Monosaccharide—iron Complexes Generated by Electrospray Ionization Combined with an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer“. European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 7, Nr. 4-5 (August 2001): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.443.
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A primary focus of research in our laboratory has been to determine the stereochemistry of four isomeric monosaccharides using the electrospray ionization/desorption mode combined with an ion trap mass spectrometer. α/β-Anomers of glucose, mannose, galactose and talose differ stereochemically at the C2 and C4 positions; previous work described an efficient system able to easily differentiate these four isomeric hexoses when combined with the iron(II)ion. This approach was based upon interaction between the sugar analyte and iron(II)yielding cationized [MFeIICl]+ monosaccharides which were then studied by sequential tandem mass spectrometry. The daughter ions of these clusters were produced using the resonant excitation mode and are characterized by variable rate constants related to the hydroxyl stereochemistry. When submitted to resonant excitation conditions, the [MFeIICl]+ cluster ions undergo processes that can be either stereospecific in certain cases or, more usually, kinetically controlled by stereochemical effects. It is, therefore, possible to distinguish stereoisomeric sugars by examining the variation in relative abundance of diagnostic fragment ions. The present work reports data on the influence of counter-ions associated with iron(II)(viz. FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2 and FeF2) on desorbed species obtained by electrospray desorption/ionization. The cationized monomeric [MFeIIX]+ and dimeric [M2FeIIX]+ ions were studied by collision-induced dissociation (CID)to demonstrate a significant halogen effect from the resonant excitation experiments and on the extent of the differentiation of the diastereomers. The data presented demonstrate the influence of thermochemical properties (i.e. acidity and basicity), mainly related to the halide size, on the dissociation of cationic [MFeIIX]+ and [M2FeIIX]+ sugar–metal complexes in CID experiments. Only weak effects due to the halide were observed during desorption itself, when comparison of the latter cluster with the former shows a relatively enhanced desorption yield of the monomer with an iodide counter-ion. However, the more significant counter-ion effects concern the cationized dimeric species, which present spectacular product-ion abundance changes in CID spectra. In all cases, it has been possible to distinguish the diastereomers.
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Logunova, Larisa. „Reforming and Reformation in the System of Culture and Systems of Society“. Ideas and Ideals 14, Nr. 3-2 (29.09.2022): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.3.2-291-312.
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The article is devoted to the role of modern culture in the situation of permanent reforms. This is an understanding of the problem identified by Orekhovsky P. A. and Razumov V. I. in the journal “Ideas and Ideals” at the end of 2021. The author continues the discussion about the consequences of the spread of “narcissistic culture” in different areas of life. The author of the article studies the problem from the standpoint of a systematic approach. This methodology allows us to see the built-in social changes in the structure of the social system, the stabilizing role of culture as a “supersystem”. Such a methodological position excludes the possibility of criticizing the system from within, being one of its structures. Instead of critical analysis, a humanistic-semantic one is proposed, based on understanding, explanation, prognostication. The methodological complex is built on the combinatorics of the humanistic-semantic, constructivist, systemic approach. The author proves the thesis of the all-penetrating nature and the stabilizing role of culture in modern managerial processes of updating the subsystems of society. The methods of the constructivist approach help to explain the distribution of new social roles. Society is differentiated into reformers (dominant actors) and those who are subject to reform (statistical actors). The theatrical terminology of the dramatic approach explains the playful meaning of social actions. The main game of the reformers is a “mousetrap”. It reveals the ‘pure’ qualities of the initiators of the reforms. The author studies the social roles and the specifics of their distribution in the processes of reformation. The article considers the processes of reforming and reformation. Differences in the meanings, goals and tools of these processes are shown. Reforming is a social process based on the principles of humanism and justice. Reformation is a game which action takes place on the ‘fields of attraction’of discourses. Reformism is defined as a fashion for reform, for novelty, a trend for constant renewal of the structures of the society system. The goal is to receive benefits and advantages from the social position of the reformers. This is a game of dominant actors defending the right to change the rules of the game, access to resources. Reformation does not lead to the solution of social problems, exacerbates the course of socio-cultural processes. The risks from the consequences of reformation are anomie, social changes of a traumatic nature which all relevant actors feel, regardless of their dominance in the ‘fields of attraction’. The system is brought into balance by culture with its system-forming functions that provide normative order. Using the techniques of integral sociology, the author shows the stabilizing role of the value core of culture in the life of the ‘society’ system.
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Shmakov, Vladimir S. „Modification of the paradigm of socio-cultural development of local communities in the mirror of modernization“. Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, Nr. 4 (2023): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2023-4-494-505.
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The article deals with the problem of the evolution of socio-cultural development, analyzes the trends of socio-cultural transformation of local communities of Eurasia. The use of socio-cultural, systemic approaches allows us to formulate the fundamental principles of explaining and understanding the dynamics of socio-cultural development. In the course of the evolution of culture and sociality, there arise contradictions associated with the confrontation between liberal standards and traditional values. In the process of global and local structuring, traditional sociocultures are modified into intermediate forms characterized by transitional positions. The Eurasian socio-cultural space is in a state of expansion, diffusion, there is a state of anomie. There is a gap in the construction of the socio-cultural environment between the past and the present, historically formed socio-cultural structures and institutions are disintegrated. The balance of the socio-cultural space is disturbed. The mechanism of socio-cultural synthesis based on the traditional system of values is deformed and ceases to work. The breakdown of traditional socio-cultural ties and relations worsens the reproduction of the social and human capital of communities. The processes of compression, convection of the socio-cultural world, on the one hand, determine attempts to preserve the foundations of socio-culture, while, on the other hand, the pressure of liberal concepts on socio-cultural development is noted, which contributes to the expansion of the socio-cultural space, being the basis of the emerging paradigm of socio-cultural development. In their design, the models of socio-cultural space development combine tradition, modernity and the archaic as the basic structures of an evolving local community. The principle of coherence helps to ensure the identification of all components and modifications of the socio-cultural system. The practical significance of the research lies in the designation and explanation of the dynamics of the development of the Eurasian socio-cultural space in the context of globalization processes affecting the content, pace, forms and results of evolution, which determines the need to create planning and management mechanisms that would contribute to the preservation of the traditions of socio-cultural development of local communities.
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Kristian, K. „Dimension of Human Rights Protection Against Corporate Crimes“. Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 5, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/scj.5.1.2022.32-44.
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The wave of influence of Neoliberalism and globalization with its system of economic capitalism has begun to change the economic ideology by ignoring sound principles in business dealings (there is even a tendency to put forward the “anomie of success” principle), a considerable number of corporations have committed acts in violation to human rights. This paper is going to examine the implementation of human rights-based protection and law enforcement. It has now become significant considering how critical thinking in solving corporate human rights violation problems is urgently needed. The type of approach used by the writer in this research is the Normative Law Research Method. The methods applied will consist of statute approach, case approach and conceptual approach. Research shows that Indonesia is a country of law. By this concept, principles contained in that country must be applied, one of them being the presence of the acknowledgement and protection of basic human rights. In the context of a country with Pancasila as its main law, the effectual supremacy of law in Indonesia must continually be done within a framework which focuses in creating public welfare and social justice for all Indonesian people. In this context, the human potential and dignity have a high and noble position. Regulation governing the protection of human rights may be found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the 1999 Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 39 concerning Human Rights. These human rights have frequently been violated by corporations while conducting their business activities. In international legal instruments, The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) exists as an initiative to strategic policies for corporations to make a commitment which will align their policies and strategic operations with the ten universal principles of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption, in order to allow sustainable business practices. Within the sphere of human rights, the UNGC states that “business should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights” and “make sure that they are not complicit in human right abuses”, along with other alternatives that may be conducted by the corporations. For that, the country has a responsibility to provide devices by utilizing all its resources to create equality, non-discrimination and human rights protection for every citizen. The country has to do its part to calculate every possible way to allow for human rights protection and to facilitate the recovery over losses that may arise from the violation of human rights, especially those done by corporations.
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Astafyeva, Olga N., Ekaterina V. Nikonorova und Olga V. Shlykova. „Culture in the Digital Civilization: A New Stage in Understanding the Future Strategy for Sustainable Development“. Observatory of Culture 15, Nr. 5 (14.12.2018): 516–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-5-516-531.
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The current situation is determined by a plurality of uncertainties of social, economic, environmental and technological nature, which cause instability of development and form a new stage of social development conventionally called digital civilization. The ambiguity of interpretation of this term is also reflected in its derivatives, and this fully applies to the concept of digital economy.Development of the digital infrastructure, transition to the network principles of communication, and personalization of the Internet, are the factors that change the ethical principles and foundations of social and cultural interaction. The issue of individual and collective cultural practices and behavior models based on the new hierarchy of values is of particular relevance in social and humanitarian knowledge. In the information society, the dramatization of trust and the vulnerability of freedom testify to the society’s transition to a new quality — “normal anomie”.Basing on the analysis of scientific projects, documents, some forecasts and development scenarios of the digital economy and its social consequences, this study aims to trace the reflection of the relationship between the digital economy and culture, and to identify the ways that reflect the inclusion of culture in digital economy development programs. In this case, culture can be considered in the context of these programs as an element of infrastructure, and an institutional contour, representing a part of human and technological capital.The authors’ ideas are concentrated around the search for the grounds of the transformational changes taking place in scientific research, educational and cultural practices that have potential to form a sustainable cultural context of the digital civilization, which will be supported in order to prevent the pressure of the processes generated by technology that lead to “dehumanization” of development.The applied part of the study reveals one aspect of “digital culture” — its ability to saturate network multimedia spaces with meanings and values. This increases the requirements for the quality of information on open national cultural resources — websites of libraries, cultural and recreational centers, museums, departmental portals.The article pays special attention to the analysis of consistency of the tasks on scientific-technical and technological “breakthrough” with the humanistic values of development at the initial stage of implementation of the project of “digital economy of Russia”. These transformations require community to formulate a clear and intelligible position on the humanistic imperative of developing the digital economy and digital civilization in Russia and the world. At this stage, it is still possible to identify what kind of adjustment this project needs, partial or thorough, in order to avoid ending up in a situation of value-semantic chaos, losing the main thing — socio-cultural human component of the next stage of epochal changes. There is a need for a public examination of the Digital Economy Development Program in Russia, and more coordinated, targeted civil society activities to preserve cultural and human capital.
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Charette, André B., Yann Pauvert und Roger Gaudreault. „Improved Total Synthesis of 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-β-d-glucose from Glucose“. Synthesis, 27.02.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1752404.
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AbstractA total synthesis of the naturally occurring 1,3,6-trigalloyl-β-d-glucose is reported. The highlights of the synthesis include a regioselective benzylation of levoglucosan, followed by a 1,6-ring opening via acetolysis. Galloyl substituents were introduced via esterification, and the mixture of anomers obtained could be fully converted into the targeted β-anomer via selective hydrazinolysis followed by activation of the anomeric position by a trichloroacetimidate of the 1′-anomeric hydroxyl group. 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-β-d-glucose and its synthetic α-anomer were obtained in an overall yield of 31% and 22%, respectively, from levoglucosan or in an overall yield of 37% of the β-isomer exclusively by recycling the α-isomer.
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Nguan, Hock-Seng, Shang-Ting Tsai, Chia Yen Liew, Sivakumar N. Reddy, Shang-Cheng Hung und Chi-Kung Ni. „Collision-Induced Dissociation Mechanism of Sodiated Hex–HexNAc Disaccharides“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3cp02530f.
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Determining the structure of carbohydrates, such as their compositions, linkage positions, and in particular their anomers and stereoisomers, is a considerable challenge. Isomers of different anomers or stereoisomers have the...
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Владимир Викентьевич, Ковров, Пичко Наталья Сергеевна und Гафиатулина Наталья Халиловна. „SOCIO-CULTURAL MARGINALITY AS A PROBLEM PROPERTY OF STUDENTS YOUTH IN THE MODERN RISK SOCIETY“. STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES, Juni 2023, 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-2-251-256.
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The authors of this article consider the sociocultural marginality of student youth in the modern risk society as a problem property. Properties inherent in student youth: the passage of the process of secondary socialization and the assimilation of various social functions; the problem of choosing social values and guidelines; struggle between responsibility and irresponsibility; rationality and irrationality; the impact of the information environment on consciousness; being at the intersection of the real and virtual worlds, balancing between them. The main criteria for the marginal position of student youth are: the state of uncertainty and transitivity of status positions; exclusion or partial and incomplete inclusion of student youth in functioning social and professional structures; the destructive state of previously developed social norms, the inability to follow them; anomie as a social disorganization of the risk society, which determines the behavioral strategies of young people.
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TYMOSHENKO, VIRA. „INTERDEPENDENCE OF MARGINALITY AND ANOMIE“. Naukovij vìsnik Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 27, Nr. 2 (23.06.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.56215/0122272.09.
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The causes, characteristics, and consequences of marginality and anomie, their mutual influence and connection are considered. Anomie is essentially a complex of social and cultural pathologies that affect society. Legal anomie has distinctive features. Marginality can be considered as a state of the individual, which implies its exclusion from social structures and generates uncertainty of social positions, which affects the consciousness of the person, their lifestyle and actions. Marginality underlies disorganisation and reorganisation processes in the life of society, it contributes to the emergence of anomie, the grounds of which generally consist in the discrepancy between the dominant ideology of priority of law and limited legal means and ways of satisfying life's needs. The consequence of anomie may be a sharp increase in the crime rate. Therefore, the study of marginality as a prerequisite for anomie is justified and relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify factors of marginal behaviour that have a destructive, even criminogenic potential; focusing on the fact that marginality destabilises social relations, leads to conflicts, offences, and anomie. The methodological basis of the study is a system of philosophical and ideological, general scientific and special scientific principles and methods, in particular: the principles of objectivity, concreteness, complexity; dialectical, formal and logical, systemic, structural and functional methods. The conclusions indicate that marginality is one of the causes of anomie, which, in turn, contributes to the further marginalisation of society. The scientific originality of the study is determined by the totality of the formulated conclusions and consists in explaining the interdependence of marginality and anomie, identifying ways to neutralise anomie processes through the practical implementation of the principles of the rule of law, legal equality, and eliminating the causes of marginal behaviour. The study results contribute to identifying ways to influence people who are prone to marginal behaviour, improving the means and methods of overcoming anomie in society, and reducing the manifestations of illegal behaviour. This indicates their practical significance
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Mischnick, Petra, und Sarah Schleicher. „Potential of ion mobility mass spectrometry in cellulose ether analysis: substitution pattern of hydroxyethyl celluloses“. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 04.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05224-w.
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AbstractIon mobility mass spectrometry (ESI-tims-ToF–MS, syringe pump infusion) has been applied to glucose and oligosaccharide ethers derived from hydroxyethyl-methyl celluloses (HEMC) and hydroxyethyl celluloses (HEC) after permethylation and partial depolymerization: by hydrolysis without or with subsequent reductive amination with m-amino benzoic acid (mABA) or by reductive cleavage. As model compounds without tandem substitution methoxyethylated methylcellulose was used. Regioisomeric glucose ethers were separated according to their ion mobility, and positions of substitution could be assigned. Glucose ethers including isomers with tandem substitution showed additional signals with a smaller collision cross-section (CCS) than core-substituted isomers. Positional isomers of cellobiose ethers were only partly resolved due to too high complexity but showed a characteristic fingerprint that might allow classifying samples. Relative intensities of signals of glucose ether isomers could only be quantified in case of ABA derivatives with its fixed charge, while sodium adducts of methoxyethyl ethers showed an influence of the MeOEt position on ion yield. Results were in very good agreement with reference analysis. [M + Na]+ adducts of α- and β-anomers of glucose derivatives were separated in IM, complicating position assignment. This could be overcome by reductive cleavage of the permethylated HE(M)C yielding 1,5-anhydroglucitol-terminated oligosaccharides, showing the best resolved fingerprints of the cellobiose ethers of a particular cellulose ether. With this first application of ion mobility MS to the analysis of complex cellulose ethers, the promising potential of this additional separation dimension in mass spectrometry is demonstrated and discussed. Graphical abstract
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Zheng, Yi, Jiyong Su, Michelle C. Miller, Jie Geng, Xuejiao Xu, Tao Zhang, Maksim Mayzel, Yifa Zhou, Kevin H. Mayo und Guihua Tai. „Topsy-turvy binding of negatively charged homogalacturonan oligosaccharides to galectin-3“. Glycobiology, 17.08.2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwaa080.
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Abstract Galectin-3 is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes. The generally accepted dogma is that galectins function extracellularly by binding specifically to β(1→4)-galactoside epitopes on cell surface glycoconjugates. Here, we used crystallography and NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that negatively charged homogalacturonans (HG, linear polysaccharides of α(1→4)-linked-D-galacturonate (GalA)) bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain. The HG carboxylates at the C6 positions in GalA rings mandate that this saccharide bind galectin-3 in an unconventional, “topsy-turvy” orientation that is flipped by about 180o relative to that of the canonical β-galactoside lactose. In this binding mode, the reducing end GalA β-anomer of HGs takes the position of the nonreducing end galactose residue in lactose. This novel orientation maintains interactions with the conserved tryptophan and seven of the most crucial lactose-binding residues, albeit with different H-bonding interactions. Nevertheless, the HG molecular orientation and new interactions have essentially the same thermodynamic binding parameters as lactose. Overall, our study provides structural details for a new type of galectin–sugar interaction that broadens glycospace for ligand binding to Gal-3 and suggests how the lectin may recognize other negatively charged polysaccharides like glycoaminoglycans (e.g. heparan sulfate) on the cell surface. This discovery impacts on our understanding of galectin-mediated biological function.
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Wang, Qi, Jiayi Mu, Jie Zeng, Linxi Wan, Yangyang Zhong, Qiuhong Li, Yitong Li, Huijing Wang und Fener Chen. „Additive-controlled asymmetric iodocyclization enables enantioselective access to both α- and β-nucleosides“. Nature Communications 14, Nr. 1 (10.01.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35610-w.
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Abstractβ-Nucleosides and their analogs are dominant clinically-used antiviral and antitumor drugs. α-Nucleosides, the anomers of β-nucleosides, exist in nature and have significant potential as drugs or drug carriers. Currently, the most widely used methods for synthesizing β- and α-nucleosides are via N-glycosylation and pentose aminooxazoline, respectively. However, the stereoselectivities of both methods highly depend on the assisting group at the C2’ position. Herein, we report an additive-controlled stereodivergent iodocyclization method for the selective synthesis of α- or β-nucleosides. The stereoselectivity at the anomeric carbon is controlled by the additive (NaI for β-nucleosides; PPh3S for α-nucleosides). A series of β- and α-nucleosides are prepared in high yields (up to 95%) and stereoselectivities (β:α up to 66:1, α:β up to 70:1). Notably, the introduced iodine at the C2’ position of the nucleoside is readily functionalized, leading to multiple structurally diverse nucleoside analogs, including stavudine, an FDA-approved anti-HIV agent, and molnupiravir, an FDA-approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent.
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Feuer, Avital. „How Qualitative Research Changed Me: A Narrative of Personal Growth“. Qualitative Report, 15.01.2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2007.1649.
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This piece recounts personal changes I underwent while collecting data for my dissertation. Stemming from my own personal experiences of anomie and feelings of not belonging to the languages and cultures of either Canada or Israel , this inquiry examined the collusion of my attitudes with the attitudes of advanced Hebrew learners of diverse backgrounds and beliefs in a Canadian undergraduate university class. As the themes of claims and ownership of the Hebrew language emerged between clashing sub-groups in the classroom, I examined my own biases and stereotypes regarding language, and ultimately grew into a peaceful acceptance of my position between languages and cultures.
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Taguchi, Hiroaki, Kouta Sogo, Tomohiko Ishii, Akihide Yoshihara und Kazuhiro Fukada. „α-D,L-Sorbose“. IUCrData 3, Nr. 1 (28.01.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2414314618001141.
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The racemic title compound, C6H12O6, consisting of C-4 epimers of psicose, was crystallized from an aqueous solution of an equimolar mixture of D- and L-sorboses. It was confirmed that D-sorbose (or L-sorbose) formed α-pyranose with a 4 C 1 (or 1 C 4) conformation where the anomer position was designated as carbon-1. The asymmetric unit comprises two crystallographically independent molecules. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. The unit-cell volume of the title racemic α-D,L-sorbose is 1450.86 (6) Å3 (Z = 8), which is about 41 Å3 smaller than that of twice the amount of chiral α-L-sorbose [V = 745.942 Å3 (Z = 4)].
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SOUZA, PEDRO M. DE, ROBERTO JÚNIO P. DIAS, ARTHUR LOURES, MARIANA F. ROSSI, JOSÉ FELIPE R. AMATO und MARTA D’AGOSTO. „High infestation and phylogenetic position of Epistylis sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) on Aegla serrana Buckup & Rossi (Crustacea, Anomura) from southern Brazil“. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 96, Nr. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230739.
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Yan, Zi‐Ling. „Toward a pulp criminology: The Vee Brown and Needle Mike series“. Journal of Popular Culture, 07.11.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpcu.13259.
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AbstractThe detective/crime pulp series Vee Brown (Carroll John Daly) and Needle Mike (William E. Barrett) incorporate elements of contemporaneous criminological theory into their narratives as explanatory devices for social deviance. Initially, they align themselves along the dominant etiological divide of the 1920s and 1930s: intrinsic tendencies versus environmental factors, respectively. Over the course of individual stories and series arcs, internal contradictions arise in the representations of these positions, which are resolved, to some degree, in the contemporaneous anomie theory of Robert Merton. The protagonists' idiosyncratic engagement with the popular arts—Tin Pan Alley music and tattooing—becomes the metaphoric vehicle to reframe the individual/milieu conflict in terms of institutional inscriptions of individuals more constructivist than purely functionalist in nature.