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Berman, Sidney. „TRANSLATION SHIFTS AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF BIBLE TRANSLATIONS: THE CASE OF RUTH 4:13 IN THE SETSWANA VERSIONS“. Journal for Semitics 24, Nr. 2 (17.11.2017): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3464.
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This article proposes that the starting point for the improvement of Bible translations in sub-Saharan Africa is the identification and analysis of translation shifts. Shifts are differences between the corresponding portions of a translation and the source text. The concept of shifts is motivated by the observation that differences between a Bible translation and its source text are inevitable. This article demonstrates that the demarcation and examination of a shift can greatly enlighten the hypothesis of circumstances that caused the shift. Consequently, the translator or reviewer can be alert to the influence of similar circumstances contemporarily and find possible ways to eliminate or modify the shift. The article uses the text of Ruth 4:13 from Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. The three Setswana Bibles that are compared with Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia are the translations by Robert Moffat (1857), Alfred Wookey (1908) and Bible Society of South Africa (1970). After examination and comparison, the article hypothesizes on the circumstances that may have caused the shifts of Ruth 4:13. It ends with suggestions for translating the verse without causing shifts.
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Horbury, Ezra. „The Bible Abbreviated: Summaries in Early Modern English Bibles“. Harvard Theological Review 112, Nr. 02 (April 2019): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816019000075.
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AbstractEarly modern English Bibles are among the most significant texts in western Christianity. They contained the translation of the Bible into English and its authorisation, they facilitated the Protestant Reformation, and their effects on English Christianity and culture are felt vividly to this day. A vital facet of these editions are paratexts: the titles, summaries, glosses, and other non-canonical additions appended to scripture to aid its organisation and interpretation. Though neglected by literary, historical, and theological scholarship, these paratexts comprised huge portions of early modern Bibles and acted as productive vehicles to disseminate politics and theologies. One such form of paratext are the casus summarii, the chapter summaries that precede many chapters in early modern Bibles. In these summaries, significant biblical events or controversial subjects were condensed, omitted, reframed, rephrased, or otherwise represented to suit the editor’s purposes. This article provides the first survey of the chapter summaries in early modern English Bibles, with a table detailing the extent to which they were copied between editions. The article focuses on the Matthew, Geneva, and KJV Bibles, with additional discussion of the Coverdale, Great, and Bishops’ Bibles. The article addresses notable aspects of this material, including practices of translation, representations of Sodom, the anglicisation of names, and the sexualisation of Eve. By explicating the origins and influences of these summaries, this article facilitates the understanding and study of paratexts and demonstrates their importance to scholarship of early modern Christianity.
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Hunt, Cherryl. „Be Ye Speakers of, and Listeners to, the Word: The Promotion of Biblical Engagement through Encountering the Scriptures Read Aloud“. Expository Times 129, Nr. 4 (28.09.2017): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014524617731954.
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Ordinary Christians’ responses to a dramatized reading of the New Testament, together with reflection on research in the area of performance criticism, suggests that understanding of the Bible and spiritual encounter with its texts may be promoted by the reading aloud of, and listening to, substantial portions of the Bible in an unfamiliar format; this might be found in a dramatized presentation and/or a previously unencountered translation. This practice should form part of any programme designed to promote biblical engagement within churches.
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Kilpatrick, Hilary. „From Venice to Aleppo: Early Printing of Scripture in the Orthodox World“. Chronos 30 (10.01.2019): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v30i0.329.
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The Bible, as the etymology of the word indicates, refers not to one book but to many. The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament, that is, the Jewish Scriptures, and the New Testament; moreover, for some Churches, among them the Orthodox, certain books commonly called the Apocrypha , which were added to the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, also fonn part of the Bible. The Bible is thus a small library, and as is common in libraries, some books are more popular than others. Long before the introduction of printing, the varying degrees of importance accorded to different books of the Bible led to some of them being translated before others. For instance, in Anglo-Saxon England, interlinear glosses (i.e. crude word-by-word translations) were made of the Gospels and Psalms, and separate portions of the Bible, including the Gospels, were rendered into Old English (Anonymous 1997: 200). Likewise, the earliest known written translations of parts of the Bible into Arabic are of the Gospels and Psalms; they can be dated to the 8th century. Oral translations are older, going back to pre-Islamic times (Graf 1944: 114-115, 138; Griffith 2012: 123-126). By contrast, the first attempt to produce a complete Bible in Arabic occurred only in the l 61h century (Graf 1944: 89-90).
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Thielman, Miriam. „“You Shall Not Oppress a Resident Alien”: The Conception of Immigrants in the Hebrew Bible“. Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 18, Nr. 1 (2021): 35–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/uo/ourj/18.1.5.
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An increase in global immigration has resulted in humanitarian crises across the world as countries struggle to respond to the growing number of refugees and asylum seekers arriving at their borders. Understanding the specific messages within the Hebrew Bible regarding immigrants is important for developing faith-informed responses to immigrants and refugees. Religion often influences people’s beliefs, actions, and even the policy decisions for which they advocate, and the various forms of Christianity practiced in the United States frequently use the Hebrew Bible and New Testament as their sacred instructive texts. A detailed study of relevant portions of the Hebrew Bible, coupled with analysis of biblical commentaries and scholarly criticism, suggests that the Bible underscores the imperative to care for the most vulnerable members of society, as well as to include immigrants in the community. Arguably, people of faith should take this overarching message into account when considering how to respond to immigrants’ arrival in the United States. Note to the Reader: The books of the Bible were originally written in biblical Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek, depending on the time period in which each book was redacted. Because I do not read biblical Hebrew, all biblical passages quoted in this thesis are from the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) of the Hebrew Bible. The NRSV is regarded as one of the most accurate and reputable recent English translations of the Bible because it was completed by a committee of biblical scholars. My thesis advisor, Professor Deborah Green, checked the verses cited herein for accuracy against the original biblical Hebrew text and provided corrections to the translation where necessary. Verses that have been corrected from the original NRSV translation are footnoted. Unless otherwise noted, all other verses are from the NRSV translation.
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Lasair, Simon. „Theorizing in the Absence of a Theory:The Case of the Aramaic Targums to the Pentateuch“. TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, Nr. 2 (22.07.2009): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9np7q.
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Targums are a kind of ancient Jewish translation literature that may have played an important role in synagogues, private devotion, and education. The reason scholars adduce such widespread use for the targums is because they translate the Hebrew Bible from Hebrew into Aramaic, another ancient Semitic language widely used by Palestinian and Babylonian Jews. Despite their supposed popularity, there are no sustained discussions in ancient Jewish literature concerning how to produce a targum, or what makes a quality targum. This is in direct contrast to some of the early theoretical discussions that informed ancient Christian translations of the Bible. Similarly, internal evidence from the targums suggests they underwent extended diachronic growth, thus eliminating the possibility of a single author, translator, or—as conventionally designated—targumist. As a result, theorizing the situation of a targumist is extremely difficult, in that to do so modern scholars must rely exclusively on the evidence presented by the targums themselves. Furthermore, the targumist must remain at the level of a hypothetical composite in order to reflect the historical realities of targumic production and development. Nevertheless, in this paper I will examine three issues that might give some insight into the situation of the Pentateuch Targums (targums to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible): 1) the targumic “shadow” of the Hebrew Bible; 2) the basic unit of meaning in the targums; and 3) the possible translational role of the targumic narrative expansion—extended portions of text that add new material to the Hebrew Bible narrative. By examining these issues I hope to tease out some of the translational dynamics and cross-cultural issues that likely influenced the production of the targums. And although the targumist must remain a hypothetical construct, the consistency of translational dynamics within the Pentateuch Targums probably reflects a tacit consensus of approach among the targums’ producers. As a result, it becomes possible to theorize in the absence of a theory.
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Shapira, Dan. „Notes on the Language of the 1909 “Tati” Siddur (Prayer book) in the Language of the Mountain Jews by Asaf Pinchasow“. Judaic-Slavic Journal, Nr. 2 (4) (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.07.
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The Sepharadi prayer book, printed at Vilna in 1909 for the use of Mountain Jews, was mostly bilingual with spacious translation into their language defined in this publication as “Tati”. The language of this translation predates to Soviet engineering of the Literary Tati during 1920s-1930s; moreover, parts of the translation, especially of those portions of the Bible used in liturgy, may go back to the previous centuries. No study of the language of the Biblical translations to the language of the Mountain Jews was published yet. It’s the last call to turn efforts of all those who mind the linguistic heritage of the Mountain Jews to academic studies of this language, and especially of its vanishing dialects and the language of the Biblical translations found in this prayer book and elsewhere.
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Stewart, Kenneth J. „A Bombshell of a Book: Gaussen’s Theopneustia and its Influence on Subsequent Evangelical Theology“. Evangelical Quarterly 75, Nr. 3 (16.04.2003): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07503002.
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Louis Gaussen (1790-1863), Reformed pastor at Geneva, was a cultured upholder of Protestant orthodoxy in an age of decline and a supporter of the evangelical awakening in Geneva after the Napoleonic wars. From 1834, he taught in a shadow faculty of evangelical theology in the Swiss city. No work of Gaussen’s has had a wider influence than Theopneustia: The Bible Its Divine Origin and Entire Inspiration (Paris, 1840; Edinburgh and London 1841). This work was continuously in print for at least 130 years, with the latest American edition being issued in 1971. Yet this work rankled some reviewers from the start. Francophone reviewers questioned its theological method. Those in the United Kingdom resented his criticisms of three native evangelical theologians: Daniel Wilson, John Dick, and J. Pye Smith, who argued that only varying degrees of a plenary inspiration had been required to produce the Bible. Impatient with this (it seemed to him concessive view), Gaussen contended that inspiration had been uniformly oracular – i.e. prophetic in manner. USA reviews lionized the volume by judging it to represent historic orthodoxy. By the turn of the century, Gaussen and portions of his argument had entered the evangelical mainstream and Theopneustia had become the handbook of a rising Fundamentalist movement. But was it perhaps a Trojan horse? And has recent evangelical theology eliminated some questionable emphases it introduced?
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Eber, Irene. „Translating the ancestors: S. I. J. Schereschewsky's 1875 Chinese version of Genesis“. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, Nr. 2 (Juni 1993): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00005486.
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Partial and complete Bible translations into classical Chinese existed well before Protestant missionaries actually began to work actively among the Chinese. Translation work accelerated once missionaries gained a foothold in the newly opened treaty ports after 1842, and the entire Bible or portions of it were translated into Fuzhou, Amoy, Canton, Hakka, Suzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai dialects. S. I. J. Schereschewsky's (1831–1906) translation of the Old Testament (OT) into the northern vernacular in 1875 opened a new chapter. His translation was accessible to larger numbers of people and, in contrast to the OT in classical Chinese, was readily understood when read to the illiterate. Moreover, unlike previous translations, it was prepared entirely from the Hebrew original.The purpose of this essay is to examine some of Schereschewsky's views on translating and several of the techniques which he employed in rendering into Chinese the Book of Genesis. My basic assumption is that translation is an interpretative activity. When a text is transposed from one language into another, changes are introduced that are consonant with the receiving languages and culture. Translation is affected by interpretations from within the receptor tradition which, in turn, makes possible the acceptance of the translation and the ideas which it contains. Thus the Old (as well as the New) Testament translations represented one of the initial steps in the signification of Protestant Christianity.
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Harris, Julie A. „The Dark Mark: BnF Héb. 20 and the Borders of Bible Illumination“. Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 8, Nr. 2 (September 2023): 185–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mns.2023.a916128.
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Abstract: This paper concerns an enigmatic mark found in BnF Héb. 20—an early fourteenth-century Bible codex associated with the workshop of scribe, masorete, and painter Joshua Ibn Gaon. The dull black ovoid shape (on folio 194v) precedes the Bible portion that recounts the events leading up to King David's death (1 Kings 1). It is interesting for its divergence from the codex's extensive pericope marks (which likely served as aids to Bible use and memorization) and from its marginal decoration, which has been presented as a nascent example of Bible illumination in manuscripts made for Iberian Jews. Here, the mark, which is placed above the chapter within the confines of the text column, may be understood as "commenting" on David's complicated life as well as heralding his imminent demise. My paper suggests that the mark was originally silver and represents a contemporary mirror, making it an early example of a late medieval iconography linking mirrors and death. This reading underscores the intimate relationship between a patron/viewer and his Hebrew Bible codex.
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Schmidt, Leigh E. „Rethinking the Decline of a Bible Civilization“. Church History 92, Nr. 2 (Juni 2023): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640723001324.
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At 846 pages, Mark Noll's history of what he labels America's Protestant Bible civilization certainly has the feel of encyclopedic comprehensiveness. That this hefty volume is but the second portion of Noll's larger history of the Bible in America only adds to the sense of grand summation: the synoptic account of how the scriptures have shaped the nation—its public life, moral order, political divisions, and otherworldly hopes. It is a story filled not only with Protestant successes—the massive publishing program of the American Bible Society or the scriptural suffusion of popular hymnody and everyday devotion—but also with Protestant failures, most obviously in the way nothing-but-the-Bible moral reasoning compounded the abiding divisions over slavery. Indeed, at the end of the day, Noll presents this as a story of loss more than triumph: the decline and fragmentation of a Protestant Bible civilization that had been built amid all the contingencies of a new republic. That narrative arc carries an obvious element of regret that could certainly feed a white evangelical nostalgia for a Christian America, but that is clearly not Noll's intent. Especially on matters of slavery and race, his account is one far more of reproof than reclamation.
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Noonan, Benjamin J. „On the Efficacy of the Atoning Sacrifices: A Biblical Theology of Sacrifice from Leviticus“. Bulletin for Biblical Research 31, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2021): 285–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/bullbiblrese.31.3.0285.
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Abstract The topic of the atoning sacrifices’ efficacy has received insufficient treatment in scholarship. Interpreters only sporadically treat this topic, and when they discuss it all, their presentations are far from systematic and largely based on portions of the Bible other than Leviticus. This article remedies this unfortunate gap by examining the efficacy of the atoning sacrifices—the purification (חַטָּאת) and reparation (אָשָׁם) offerings—from the perspective of the Pentateuch, focusing especially on the book of Leviticus. It shows that the atoning sacrifices effect atonement and remove sin and cultic impurity for all nondefiant, but not defiant, offenses. It demonstrates, furthermore, that the atoning sacrifices ultimately find their efficacy in God but do not work ex opere operato in that the book of Leviticus presumes the offerer’s sincerity and penitence. Thus, the atoning sacrifices can be described sacramentally: they function as external rituals by which God seals a promised efficacy regarding atonement, forgiveness, and cleansing.
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Gatti, Nicoletta, und Daniel Yeboah. „Cursing Back to Life? From Psalms to Imprecatory Prayers: An Intercultural Reading“. Biblische Zeitschrift 63, Nr. 1 (05.02.2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890468-06301001.
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Abstract Imprecatory prayer is becoming a common phenomenon in Ghana. This plea seeks the complete annihilation of human enemies believed to be the cause of the woes the petitioners face. However, ecclesiastic authorities and academic world find it difficult to dialogue with the practice and reject imprecatory prayers as ‘unchristian.’ Interestingly enough, the same attitude is manifested towards portions of the Bible which contain ‘imprecatory prayers’: The Psalter. As a consequence, while the Historic Mission Churches forbid imprecatory prayers, their members flock to the Charismatic and Prophetic Churches. Against this background, the article analyses Ps 58, one of the ‘imprecatory psalms’ excluded by the official prayers of Historic Mission Churches, to understand its call to action and the perlocutory effect on the reader. The article concludes that the ‘imprecatory prayers’ can be a powerful educational tool to see the world with the eyes of the victims: it offers them a model of prayer of “cursing back to life;” a painful way to reconciliation and to rediscovering justice.
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Hjälm, Miriam L. „Qur’ānic Intertextuality in Early Christian Arabic Bible Translations“. Bible Translator 74, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2023): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20516770231217244.
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This paper provides a number of cases where early Christian Arabic Bible translators resorted to qur’ānic-sounding language and (later) also a qur’ānic aesthetic in their production of biblical codices. The main purpose of the paper is to discuss various reasons as to why they went so far into the “realm of the other” when producing these translations. The answer to that question is most likely connected to the little-known function of these Bible translations, a topic also addressed in the paper. The adoption of qur’ānic language results in a comparatively high level of intertextuality and the use of codicological features associated with Mamluk Qur’āns also tend to blur religious borders. Thus, the paper also explores the possibility to view a portion of the Christian Arabic Bible endeavour as part of the broader process of “religious co-production.”
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Sadan, Joseph. „In the Eyes of the Christian Writer al-Hārit ibn Sinān Poetics and Eloquence as a Platform of Inter-Cultural Contacts and Contrasts“. Arabica 56, Nr. 1 (2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005809x398645.
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AbstractWhile ostensibly aspects of poetics are best discussed within a purely literary perspective, in fact they can hardly be disconnected from their socio-cultural and religious frameworks. Al-Hārit ibn Sinān was a Christian scholar and writer who lived under Muslim rule towards the end of the ninth and apparently also the beginning of the tenth century, precisely at the time when the first fruits of the idea of the Qur‘ān's stylistic inimitability (i’ğāz) began to ripe. Although this concept played a role also in interfaith polemics throughout the Middle Ages, our author shows his temperance and restraint by praising the style of the Bible (he would appear not to have read the books of the Old Testament in the original Hebrew but demonstrated understanding and a feeling for the text through another Semitic language: Syriac), both because as a Christian living under Muslim rule he was loathe to arouse an overt controversy with the society in which he lived, and also because glorifying the style of Holy Scripture, which he had apparently inherited from the Syriac-Byzantine culture, was an important tendency in and of itself in both Jewish and Christian literature (in England, for example, upsurges of this tendency have occurred even in modern times). Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the fact that our author did compare the poetics of four cultures: that of the Hebrews, that of the Greek (or rather Greek-Byzantine, rūm), that of the Syriac elements and that of the Arabs. He even tries to prove, using somewhat specious arguments, that the Hebrew portions of the Bible contain rhymes. His positions thus deserve to be considered retrospectively also in an interfaith and intercultural context.
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Verde, Danilo. „From Healing to Wounding: The Psalms of Communal Lament and the Shaping of Yehud’s Cultural Trauma“. Open Theology 8, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2022-0208.
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Abstract Biblical trauma studies strongly emphasize that texts and traditions that eventually formed the Hebrew Bible helped both the authors and the (former) “readers” to cope with catastrophic events. This approach, however, leads to side-lining other functions of biblical texts, for instance the extent to which biblical texts were used and transmitted not only to “heal” but also to “wound” the collectivity, namely to shape the collective identity of ancient Israel and early Judaism as profoundly damaged. The perspective of cultural trauma studies may help us to go beyond the “healing hermeneutics.” The present article aims to understand how the psalms of communal lament in Books II and III of the Psalter contributed to make the collective trauma of the Babylonian attack become Yehud’s cultural trauma during the Persian period. It suggests that by building and transmitting a coherent metanarrative of the catastrophe and through the communal laments’ dramatic images and metaphors, the redactors of these portions of the Psalter made sure that during the Persian period the people of Israel in the province of Yehud would be wounded by their ancestors’ pain.
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Kirby, John T. „The Rhetorical Situations of Revelation 1–3“. New Testament Studies 34, Nr. 2 (April 1988): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500019998.
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The publication of George Kennedy'sNew Testament Interpretation Through Rhetorical Criticismmarked the full realization of a growing trend in NT criticism, whereby scholars are beginning to look beyond the limitations of form- and source-criticism for another viable hermeneutical tool. Rhetorical criticism has its origins in the classical canons conceptualized and formulated by the principal rhetoricians of Greek and Roman antiquity, such as Aristotle and Quintilian. This methodology sprang from roots in the ancient world; rhetoric was ‘one of the constraints under which New Testament writers worked’. But it has a universality that transcends its own cultural boundaries, as well as an extraordinary practicality: ‘ … it does study a verbal reality, our text of the Bible, rather than the oral sources standing behind that text, the hypothetical stages of its composition, or the impersonal workings of social forces, and at its best it can reveal the power of those texts as unitary messages’’. Often, too, it is capable of slashing through exegetical Gordian knots that prove otherwise intractable. The ability of rhetorical criticism to evaluate even the more opaque or mystical portions of the NT is a measure of its effectiveness.
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Miyazawa, Mitsuo, Masayasu Aikawa, Katsuya Okada, Yukihiro Watanabe, Kojun Okamoto, Shrestha Santosh, Shigeki Yamaguchi, Isamu Koyama und Yoshito Ikada. „An Artificial Bile Duct Made of Bioabsorbable Polymer: A Viable Substitute for Narrowed Portion of the Extrahepatic Bile Duct“. International Surgery 100, Nr. 11-12 (01.11.2015): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00037.1.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether an artificial bile duct made of bioabsorbable polymer could serve as a substitute for narrowed portions of the bile duct. The experiments were performed using hybrid pigs (n = 11). After laparotomy under general anesthesia, the extrahepatic bile duct was identified and ligated around the confluence with the cystic duct. A week later, repeat laparotomy was performed on the animals, and the bile duct on the hepatic side of the ligature was resected. The cut end was connected to the duodenum using a bioabsorbable artificial bile duct fabricated from a copolymer of polycaprolactone and polylactic acid fibers. The grafts were recovered for gross, histologic, and blood chemical studies at 4 months after the surgery. All recipient pigs survived until they were humanely killed for collection of the implants. A week of ligation of the extrahepatic bile duct dilated the duct to approximately 1 cm in diameter and increased total bilirubin. Total bilirubin had returned to the pre-implantation level in all animals at 4 months post implantation. Examinations of the grafts revealed complete freedom of stricture and the regeneration of a neo-bile duct of approximately 1 cm in diameter from the graft site in 10 of 11 animals. Gross observation of the graft from the 1 remaining animal revealed stricture at the anastomosis site and poor bile duct epithelization. We have concluded that this bioabsorbable polymer bile duct can serve as a replacement for narrowed portions of the bile duct.
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Mckee, Gabriel. „“Reality – Is it a Horror?”“. Journal of Gods and Monsters 1, Nr. 1 (18.07.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/jgm.v1i1.1.
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This paper discusses the works of author Richard S. Shaver, who rose to prominence in the science fiction world in the 1940s with stories describing a vast underworld of caverns under the surface of the earth. These caverns were inhabited by evil beings called “dero” that used high-tech devices to torment the inhabitants of the surface world. Shaver, who had spent several years in mental institutions prior to his writing career, claimed his stories were true, and Amazing’s editor, Raymond A. Palmer, aggressively promted the “Shaver Mystery.” This prompted a backlash from science fiction fandom against both Shaver and Palmer. This paper gives an overview of Shaver’s career and explores his world-system as a form of theodicy, drawing in particular on his novel Mandark, a retelling of portions of the Bible narrative. Shaver’s monsters and their devices are examples of an “influencing machine,” a commonly-occurring delusional phenomenon first described by psychologist Victor Tausk in 1919, an externalized force that a patient believes is the source of thoughts and sensations. This paper argues that, for Shaver, the dero provided a psychological framework for processing tragic and traumatic events, externalizing tormenting forces into monsters. His fiction then became a force for combatting those torments within a narrative context. Like other conspiracy theories, the Shaver Mystery seeks to impose order on a chaotic world.
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Suchkova, E. V., und A. P. Lukashevich. „Correction of lipid metabolism disorders with atorvastatin in combination with UDCA in NAFLD“. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, Nr. 9 (18.09.2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-181-9-40-44.
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Objective: to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the combined use of ursodeoxycholic acid and atorvastatin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with concomitant atherogenic dyslipidemia.Materials and methods.123 patients with NAFLD at the stage of steatosis were examined, among them 66 women and 57 men aged 30 to 70 years. In verification of NAFLD, an ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the hepatobiliary system was used using the SONIX OP apparatus (Canada). To exclude fibrosis in the liver parenchyma, sonoelastographywas performed on an AIXPLORER apparatus (France) and the FibroTest and FibroMax tests developed by BioPredictiv (Paris, France) were used. The lipid profile was determined on an analyzer FP-901 (M) from Labsystems (Finland) (Spain, Barcelona). The method of multifractional (5-phase) duodenal sounding (MFDZ) was used, which makes it possible to evaluate bile indices (cholesterol and bile acids).Results. Ultrasound of the liver and SteatoTest revealed steatosis in all patients with NAFLD. The examined identified signs of atherogenic dyslipidemia. There was a significant increase in cholesterol in portions “B” and “C” of bile (by 79.9% (p = 0.001) and 76.89% (p = 0.001), respectively), a decrease in the amount of bile acids in portions “B” and “ C ”bile (by 46.74% (p = 0.001) and 30.56% (p = 0.1), respectively). A sharp decrease in the cholecholesterol coefficient (by 90.55% (p = 0.001) and 86.03% (p = 0.01), respectively) confirms the high lithogenic properties of bile. The combined use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), simultaneously with atorvastatin, manifested a more pronounced both lipid-lowering effect and correction of the lithogenic properties of bile, in comparison with UDCA monotherapy.Conclusion. The effectiveness of the course application of UDCA in combination with atorvastatin in the correction of hyper- and dyslipidemia and biochemical parameters of bile in patients with NAFLD at an early stage of steatosis was determined.
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Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Roni João Rakoski, Ciro Luiz da Silva Fernandes und Olga Martins Mimura. „Effect of urotensin II on water and ion fluxes in the intestine, Gallbladder and urinary bladder of the freshwater teleost, Hoplias malabaricus“. Ciência e Natura 18, Nr. 18 (09.12.1996): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x26606.
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The effect of urotensis II (UII) on the flow of water and ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in the medium intestine, rectum, gallbladder and urinary bladder of the freshwater teleost Hoplias malabaricus was investigated. The flow of water of all the studied organs of H. malabaricus is from mucosa to serosa (absorption). UII increased the flow of water in the medium intestine, gallbladder and urinary bladder. The medium intestine, gallbladder and urinary bladder also absorb Na+. K+ is absorbed in the rectum and secreted in the urinary bladder. UII did not affect the flow of Na+ and K+ in the studied portions. All studied portions secreted Ca2+, and UII reduced the fow of this ion in the medium intestine and urinary bladder. The flow of Ca2+ in the rectum and gallbladder was not altered by UII. There is no significant flow of Mg2+ in the studied portions, and UII stimulated the absorption of this ion in the medium intestine and urinary bladder. This study indicates that UII participates in the controlo f osmoregulatory organs of H. malabaricus. This study also raises the possibility that UII may be involved in the regulation of the composition of the bile fishesm, since it alters water and Ca2+ fluxes in the gallbladder of H. malabaricus.
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Yabushita, Kazuhisa, Kohji Konishi, Masahiko Tsuji, Fumiyoshi Saitoh, Hiroyuki Sahara, Wataru Fukushima, Naotaka Kadoya, Takao Taniya, Yoshitaka Kuroda und Atsuo Miwa. „A Clinicopathological Study on Surgical Cases with Bile Duct Cancer in Middle and Distal Portions.“ Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery 25, Nr. 11 (1992): 2724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5833/jjgs.25.2724.
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Miyazawa, M., M. Aikawa, Y. Toshimitsu, K. Okada, K. Okamoto und I. Koyama. „AN ARTIFICIAL BILE DUCT MADE OF BIOABSORBABLE POLYMER CAN SERVE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR NARROWED PORTIONS OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT“. Transplantation 86, Supplement (Juli 2008): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000332679.83596.51.
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Tri Zebua, Robert. „Meaning Of The Word “Perish” According To 2 Corinthians 2:7“. Journal Kerugma 5, Nr. 1 (19.05.2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerugma.v5i1.237.
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The research approach in this journal uses a theological approach, specifically based on 2 Corinthians 2:7. If it is specified again, regarding the biblical texts that are considered to contain elements of Perish. Emphasis of research it tends to use a biblical theology approach. The biblical approach intends to expose the selected text. Systematics Doctrine does not get a large space or portion in this study. The results of this study can be used as the basis for the material about the word Perish in learning media or further application of learning media. Besides that, it also becomes an added value for knowledge of terms in the Bible for readers.
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Ellis, James W. „Hannah’s Song: A Foreshadowing of the Magnificat“. European Journal of Theology and Philosophy 1, Nr. 3 (16.06.2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/theology.2021.1.3.14.
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Although women’s words account for a small portion of biblical scripture, the Bible records two related prayerful songs that were sung by female prophets: the song of Hannah, in the Old Testament, and the Magnificat of Mary, in the New Testament. This essay uses typological methodology to explore the songs’ connections, including their shared literary precedents and nearly identical theological themes. Their fundamental similarities suggest Hannah’s song served as a harbinger of the Magnificat. Hannah and Mary’s shared blessing, divinely ordained motherhood, and their shared inspiration, the Holy Spirit, explain the parallels of their prayerful verses and prophetic utterances, which were of great relevance for both covenants of the Judeo-Christian faith.
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True, Amber. „Revising Orthodoxy in the Poems of Robert Southwell“. Renascence 72, Nr. 1 (2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence20207213.
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Community is the framework for the Christian experience. The Greek text from which the English bible is translated uses the ἐκκλησια, which means “assembly,” “assemblage, gathering, meeting,” and in the earliest text, “the universal church to which all believers belong.” Thus, the very idea of Christianity after Christ suggests community. Robert Southwell trained to contribute to a very particular portion of the Christian community in Elizabethan England, but the lyric poetry he produced during this time represents community as flawed and as a potential hindrance to salvation. His poetry responds to the orthodoxy of community by representing real, lived community as spiritually counterproductive and juxtaposing it against the necessity of individual experience and salvation.
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Rolen, S. H., und J. Caprio. „Processing of Bile Salt Odor Information by Single Olfactory Bulb Neurons in the Channel Catfish“. Journal of Neurophysiology 97, Nr. 6 (Juni 2007): 4058–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00247.2007.
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A chemotopic map of biologically relevant odorants (that include amino acids, bile salts, and nucleotides) exists in the olfactory bulb (OB) of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Neurons processing bile salt odorant information lie medially within this OB map; however, information as to how single neurons process bile salt odorant information is lacking. In the present report, recordings were obtained from 51 OB neurons from 30 channel catfish to determine the excitatory molecular receptive range (EMRR) of bile salt responsive neurons. All recordings were performed in vivo within the medial portions of the OB using extracellular electrophysiological techniques. Excitatory thresholds to bile salts typically ranged between 0.1 and 10 μM. The bile salt specificity of OB neurons were divided into three groups: neurons excited by taurine-conjugated bile salts only (group T), neurons excited by nonconjugated bile salts only (group N), and neurons excited by at least one member of each of the three classes of bile salts tested (group G). In addition to the conjugating group at C24 of the side-chain, OB neurons discriminated bile salts by the molecular features present at three other carbon positions (C3, C7, and C12) along the steroid backbone. These data suggest that OB neurons are selectively excited by combinations of molecular features found on the side-chain and along the steroid nucleus of bile salt molecules.
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Niranjan, Romini. „Development of human pancreas“. Jaffna Medical Journal 35, Nr. 1 (11.08.2023): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jmj.v35i1.176.
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Pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine organ. Exocrine portion secretes digestive fluid. Endocrine portion secreting insulin and glucagon etc. Pancreas developed from dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds, which arise from either side of distal foregut. When duodenum rotates to right, ventral pancreatic bud(VPB) rotates posterior along with common bile duct(CBD) and finally lies below and behind the dorsal pancreatic bud(DPB). In humans, DPB forms major part and VPB forms inferior part of head and uncinate process of pancreas. Main duct (Duct of Wirsung) is derived from whole of ventral pancreatic duct(VPD) and distal part of dorsal pancreatic duct(DPD). Main duct joins with CBD and it perforated posteromedial side of second part of duodenum at major duodenal papilla. Occasionally accessory duct might originate from proximal part of DPD and open into minor papilla. Sometimes two buds do not fuse and lead to pancreatic divisum. Abnormal rotation and fusion of buds might lead to annular pancreas. A few endodermal pancreatic evaginations may remain and migrate in bowel wall and form accessory(heterotopic) pancreas. Islets originating from DPB have more insulin synthesis. Neck, body and tail of pancreas is supplied by coeliac trunk. Derivatives of right VPB are supplied by branches of superior mesenteric artery. During rotation of VPB, superior mesenteric vessels(SMV) were engaged in between DPB and VPB. Lastly, SMV is located posterior to neck but it is anterior to uncinate process of pancreas. Detailed study of development of exocrine and endocrine portions is required for successful management of pathology of the pancreas.
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Laxman, Janni, und Patnala Mohan Patro. „A Prospective Study of Evaluation and Management of Obstructive Jaundice in a Tertiary Care Hospital, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh“. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, Nr. 21 (24.05.2021): 1717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/324.
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BACKGROUND Obstructive jaundice is defined as a condition occurring due to block in pathway between the site of conjugation of bile in liver cells and entry of bile into duodenum through the ampulla. This block may be intraheptic or extraheptic in the duct. Evaluation and management of obstructive jaundice is a challenging task to the surgeon owing the varied etiology and wide management option. Common bile duct (CBD) varies in length from 5 to 15 cm with average diameter of 6 mm. CBD can be divided in to four portions: supra duodenal, retro duodenal, intra duodenal and intramural portion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of aetiology of obstructive jaundice in these parts and compare the clinical and laboratory presentations with obstructive jaundice between benign and malignant cases. METHODS This is a prospective analytical study. Patients with obstructive jaundice who attended the outpatient department of Surgery, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam over a period of 24 months from November 2017 to October 2019 were admitted and taken up for the study. A total of 60 cases were studied. RESULTS Abdominal pain was a presenting symptom in 48 patients (80 %). Ninety five percent of patients of benign and 50 % of patients of malignant aetiology presented with this symptom. P value was found to be statistically significant for this symptom. This means that jaundice with pain in abdomen is more common in benign conditions while malignant conditions cause painless jaundice. CONCLUSIONS Malignant obstructive jaundice is most commonly seen in males while benign conditions are more common in females. Benign conditions causing obstructive jaundice is most common under 40 years of age while malignant obstructive jaundice is commonly seen between 50 and 60 years of age. KEYWORDS Cholestasis, Extraheptic, Obstructive Jaundice
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Greer. „The “Priestly Portion” in the Hebrew Bible: Its Ancient Near Eastern Context and Its Implications for the Composition of P“. Journal of Biblical Literature 138, Nr. 2 (2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1382.2019.515572.
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Greer, Jonathan S. „The "Priestly Portion" in the Hebrew Bible: Its Ancient Near Eastern Context and Its Implications for the Composition of P“. Journal of Biblical Literature 138, Nr. 2 (2019): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbl.2019.0014.
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Shen, Zhihong, Jianhua Yu, Haijun Tang und Baochun Lu. „Closed Loop Duodenal Obstruction Secondary to Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Case Report“. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 22, Nr. 4 (24.07.2019): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207322666190411112412.
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Background: Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma may develop into duodenal obstruction during the course of their disease. The diagnosis of obstruction can be generally achieved by means of imaging technologies. Case and Outcome: We reported a rare case of pancreatic tumor with duodenal obstruction accompanied by obstructive symptoms, which was finally confirmed by laparotomy. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our department with a 3-day medical history of upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The diagnosis of duodenal obstruction was established by means of various imagings including computed tomography (CT) scan, gastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal imaging. Upper gastrointestinal imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extrinsic tumor mass was noted at the second and third portion of the duodenum accompanied by duodenal obstruction and dilatation, respectively. Laparotomy confirmed a tumor mass arising from the head and uncinate process of pancreas, which had invaded the second and third portions of the duodenum and caused closed loop obstruction. A pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) was performed followed by therapeutic trade-off according to intraoperative exploration. Postoperative histopathology revealed pancreatic tumor only infiltrated duodenal wall, while resection margins of pancreas, common bile duct and duodenum were all negative. The patient was cured and discharged home 12 days after surgery. Conclusion: The present case indicated radical operation in our study appeared to be the first choice treatment for patients with malignant duodenal obstruction.
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Toouli, James, und Alexander Craig. „Sphincter of Oddi Function and Dysfunction“. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, Nr. 5 (2000): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/313601.
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The sphincter of Oddi (SO) is situated at the junction of the bile and pancreatic ducts where they enter the duodenum, and it serves to regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic juices as well as to prevent the reflux of duodenal contents into the pancreatobiliary system. SO dysfunction relates to either the biliary or pancreatic portions of the sphincter. Distinct clinical syndromes relating to either sphincter segment are recognized. The mechanism of dysfunction remains uncertain, but disruption of neural pathways involved in sphincter function seems likely. SO dysfunction is best diagnosed by manometry, which is able to correctly stratify patient groups and determine therapy. Biliary scintigraphy, which is noninvasive, has shown promise as a screening tool for patients with suspected SO dysfunction. Division of the sphincter is an effective treatment for patients with manometrically proven SO stenosis for either the biliary or pancreatic form of the disorder. Other forms of SO dysfunction may benefit from pharmacotherapy.
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Vakhrushev, Ya M., A. P. Lukashevich und E. V. Suchkova. „Evaluation of enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease“. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, Nr. 8 (09.10.2023): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-216-8-73-78.
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The aim. To study the clinical manifestations and features of changes in the spectrum of the bile acids in bile and blood in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and methods. 54 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at the stage of steatosis were examined. The median age was 50 years (45; 55). Complaints, objective symptoms and the results of laboratory and instrumental studies of the liver were used to verify non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The content of the bile acids in bile and blood was determined using an AmazonX mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). Results. The majority of the examined patients (77,8%) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had subjective and objective symptoms of damage to the hepatobiliary system and intestines. According to the results of mass-spectrometry, a decrease in the total amount of primary free bile acids (cholic, chenodeoxycholic) and an increase in the total content of conjugated bile acids (glycocholic, glycodeoxycholic, taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic) in portions “B” and “C” bile, as well as blood compared with the control group. The concentration of acids conjugated with glycine was higher than that of taurine conjugates, while the correct ratio of glycine conjugates to taurine was observed (3: 1 and higher). Conclusion. Changes in the spectrum of the bile acids in bile and blood, firstly, is an indicator reflecting the violation of enterohepatic circulation, and, secondly, demonstrates the increasingly obvious importance of the bile acids in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Danzanova, Tat’yana Yu, G. T. Sinyukova, P. I. Lepedatu und N. E. Kudashkin. „Analysis of the use ultrasound in the complex diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma“. Russian Journal of Oncology 19, Nr. 6 (15.12.2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/onco40093.
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Objective - to determine the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Material and methods. Ultrasound examination conducted in 120 cholangiocarcinoma patients. The results were confirmed by data from other research methods, biopsy, surgical palpation and histopathological examination of the resected material. Results. The most difficult is to diagnose tumors of the distal portions of common bile duct. Sensitivity of ultrasound, X-ray CT, MRI, surgical evaluation in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma was: in intrahepatic type - 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%; hilus type - 69%, 75%, 86%, 92%; distal type - 37%, 42%, 69%, 80%. Ultrasound found no evidence of intrahepatic CCA semiotic signs that would distinguish it from other liver cancers. The features of infiltrative tumor growth bile ducts - hyperechoic structure infiltration along the outer contour of the ducts, or hypoechoic structure infiltration at the thickening of the walls of the ducts. The ultrasonic semiotics of modified metastatic lymph nodes has been developed. Conclusion. Ultrasound showed highly informative diagnostic ultrasound in determining the expansion of the bile ducts; the tumor has spread to the liver and lymph nodes. Recommended to extend indications for intraoperative ultrasonography with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to delineate tumor lesions ducts.
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Heleno, Alex Rezende. „O discurso do ex-presidente do Brasil, Bolsonaro, em conflito com a concepção de Estado laico“. REDIS: REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DO DISCURSO, Nr. 12 (2023): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21833958/red12a6.
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This article aims to analyze political statements in ex-president Jair Bolsonaro’s dis-course that conflict with the concept of a secular State. From the campaign slogan to the reproduc-tion of a bible verse, the ex-president tends to direct his discourse, of a religious nature, to a conserv-ative and Christian audience, which contributed significantly to his victory in the 2018 elections. This discourse aims to please this part of society, in order to maintain a political base as president and, in 2022, as a candidate for re-election. This analysis is based on theoretical formulations of Dis-course Analysis, exploring the relations between the studies of Pêcheux (ideological formations), Foucault (power relations) and Orlandi, demonstrating the relations between language, subject and historicity present in the discourse. In this way, the ex-president’s discursive intentions to maintain a portion of the electorate can be seen.
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Vesely, Patricia L. „Virtue and the “Good Life” in the Book of Job“. Horizons in Biblical Theology 41, Nr. 1 (22.04.2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712207-12341383.
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Abstract In this article, I argue that Job 29 provides an eudaimonic depiction of human happiness whereby virtue, combined with a number of “external goods” is held up as the best possible life for human beings. I compare Job’s vision of the “good life” with an Aristotelian conception of εὐδαιμονία and conclude that there are numerous parallels between Job and Aristotle with respect to their understanding of the “good life.” While the intimate presence of God distinguishes Job’s expectation of happiness with that of Aristotle, Job is unique among other eudaimonic texts in the Hebrew Bible in that expectations of living well are expressed in terms of virtue, rather than Torah piety. In the second portion of the article, I assess Job’s conception of human flourishing from the perspective of the divine speeches, which enlarge Job’s vision of the “good life” by bringing Job face-to-face with the “wild inhabitants” of the cosmos.
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Carman, Jon-Michael. „Abimelech the manly man? Judges 9.1-57 and the performance of hegemonic masculinity“. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 43, Nr. 3 (März 2019): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089217720620.
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Feminist readings have long noted the gender anxiety present in the closing portion of Judges 9.1-57 where, in his last moments, Abimelech implores his armor bearer to cut him down lest he be remembered as a man killed by a woman. Utilizing Abimelech’s dying, gendered fear as a point of departure, the present study undertakes a ‘masculinist’ reading of Judges 9.1-57, exploring the ways in which Abimelech’s anxiety regarding his status as a ‘true man’ are present in the narrative. Adopting a model of idealized Hebrew masculinity derived from David Clines’ seminal work on David and augmented by recent scholarship on masculinity readings and the Hebrew Bible, the analysis demonstrates that Abimelech is a ‘subordinate’ male desperately seeking to act as a ‘hegemonic’ male. Ultimately, however, Abimelech’s performance of idealized masculinity falls short as he fails in the categories of martial prowess, wise and persuasive speech, and peer to peer bonding.
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Sornat, Katarzyna. „Nazwy własne o proweniencji biblijnej w poezji Wacława Potockiego“. Poradnik Językowy, Nr. 9/2022(798) (18.12.2022): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.9.5.
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This article presents the results of an analysis covering a portion of the vocabulary found in Wacław Potocki’s literary works. The examinayion of the lexical structure of the poet’s writings was limited to the biblical proper names coming from the three-volume edition of the poet’s Dzieła (Works) (Kukulski 1987). The material was excerpted using the corpus method and the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts (until 1772). The aim of this article is to divide the collected biblisms according to the onomastic classification and to discuss the findings of their functional analysis. The Bible was a significant source of creative and ideological inspiration for the 17th-century author, which was reflected in the presented collection of proper names, with the anthroponyms that fulfilled allusive and content functions winning the greatest share. The study is concluded with a compilation of the outcomes of the comparative analysis performed with regard to the frequency of biblical proper names, cetified in W. Potocki’s Dzieła and in the corpus of Baroque texts.
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Fujiwara, Kunio, Masashi Shin, Tsubasa Miyazaki und Yasuhiro Maruta. „Immunocytochemistry for Amoxicillin and Its Use for Studying Uptake of the Drug in the Intestine, Liver, and Kidney of Rats“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, Nr. 1 (25.10.2010): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01031-10.
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ABSTRACTSpecific transport systems for penicillins have been recognized, but theirin vivorole in the context of other transporters remains unclear. We produced a serum against amoxicillin (anti-AMPC) conjugated to albumin with glutaraldehyde. The antiserum was specific for AMPC and ampicillin (ABPC) but cross-reacted weakly with cephalexin. This enabled us to develop an immunocytochemical (ICC) method for detecting the uptake of AMPC in the rat intestine, liver, and kidney. Three hours after a single oral administration of AMPC, the ICC method revealed that AMPC distributed to a high degree in the microvilli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of the absorptive epithelial cells of the intestine. AMPC distributed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the hepatocytes in a characteristic granular morphology on the bile capillaries, and in addition, AMPC adsorption was observed on the luminal surface of the capillaries, intercalated portions, and interlobular bile ducts on the bile flow. Almost no AMPC could be detected 6 h postadministration in either the intestine or the liver. Meanwhile, in the kidney, AMPC persisted until 12 h postadministration to a high degree in the proximal tubules, especially in the S3 segment cells in the tubular lumen, in which numerous small bodies that strongly reacted with the antibody were observed. All these sites of AMPC accumulation correspond well to specific sites where certain transporter systems for penicillins occur, suggesting that AMPC is actually and actively absorbed, eliminated, or excreted at these sites, possibly through such certain penicillin transporters.
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Claudiu, Saracut, Molnar Calin, L. Farczádi, L. Vlase, Tero-Vescan Amelia, Todoran Nicoleta und Copotoiu Constantin. „Determination of Secondary Bile Acids in the Mice Feces. Controversies on their Involvment in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer“. Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, Nr. 4 (01.12.2015): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0096.
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AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to determine the level of secondary bile acids (SBA) in the diets and feces of mice and the variation of amount ingested/excreted if these SBA are administered as monotherapy or in 1:1 dose.Methods: The mice were divided into 4 groups and fed for 140 days with different diets. The control lot received a normal diet and the others received diets supplemented with 0.25% deoxycholic acid (DCA), 0.25% lithocholic acid (LCA) and 0.125% DCA+0.125% LCA. After 140 days, the mice feces were collected and homogenized to obtain a mixture for each lot from which the determinations of the studied SBA were performed. For the mice food evaluation, portions of 10 g from each of the 4 diets were subjected to the SBA determination.Results: The daily ingestion over more than 4 months of DCA or LCA added to the diet and administered as monotherapy determine a significantly increase of the SBA eliminated into the feces (the DCA level was 11x higher, and of the LCA 233x higher). If half of the LCA dose is replaced with DCA, the level of LCA in the feces gets comparable with that of the DCA (their combined amounts represents only 13x higher increase of these two bile acids in feces).Conclusions: The simultaneous ingestion and excretion of DCA and LCA can be considered as a particular situation ruled by endogenous mechanisms. This behavior represents an important observation, knowing that the bile acids effects in the colorectal cancer are dose dependent.
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Adejuwon, Ezekiel Adekunle, und Olukemi Esther Adejuwon. „Environmental Sustainability and Church Ethical Responsibility“. EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies 5, Nr. 05 (28.09.2023): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjhcs.2023.v05i05.008.
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Environmental problem is a moral issue which is threatening the existence of human on earth at this contemporary time. Human is to promote peaceful co-existence of all that is consisting in the environment. Ironically, it is the activities of humans that generate environmental crises. Investigations into the current situation of the physical portion of the earth or the environment indicate that globally, alarming news of environmental problems that destroy lives and properties abound. Obviously, the Bible reveals that God’s intention for his creations include that they might dwell in the beautiful and good environment where God has placed them while human is in turn responsible for the care of the environment so the latter could sustain the other living creations and itself remained sustained. Various intervention groups including religious and indigenous depict that the church cannot keep mute on the issue of environmental sustainability. God’s representative on earth, the Church should be not only care giver to the environment but also advocate of the gospel of environmental sustainability. The environment should be kept clean for healthy living of residents to continue so God would be happy with the habitants, remain as their God by dwelling in their midst and for the habitants to continue to dwell in safety and be God’s people.
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Butler, Jared, Marysue Bjurstrom und Anna Marceau. „Possible dulaglutide-associated cholecystitis with safe continuation post cholecystectomy“. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, Nr. 8 (17.02.2021): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab045.
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Abstract Purpose Possible dulaglutide-induced cholecystitis, with successful resumption of dulaglutide after cholecystectomy, is discussed. Summary A 72-year-old White man was started on dulaglutide for outpatient management of type 2 diabetes, in addition to his existing antihyperglycemic regimen of metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone, and insulin glargine. His glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration improved from 8.2% to 7.2% with the addition of dulaglutide. Furthermore, the use of dulaglutide did not lead to weight loss. After 16 months of treatment with dulaglutide, he presented to the emergency room with nausea, loss of appetite, and progressive sharp, nonradiating right upper quadrant pain. Based on symptom presentation, laboratory workup, and computed tomography scan results, acute cholecystitis was diagnosed. He underwent a cholecystectomy to remove what was found to be a gangrenous gallbladder. Per documented surgical dictation from the cholecystectomy, the gallbladder was removed, but portions of the biliary tree were left intact. The patient was continued on dulaglutide postoperatively without recurrence of bile stones, biliary tree disease, or abdominal symptoms at 8 months after initial cholecystitis incident. Conclusion A male patient with possible dulaglutide-induced cholecystitis was successfully continued on dulaglutide therapy post cholecystectomy without recurrent complications within the biliary tract.
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DINULESCU, Iulian. „RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 6 JANUARY 2021 ASSAULT ON THE US CONGRESS“. Strategic Impact 79, Nr. 2 (07.10.2021): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/1841-5784-21-05.
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On January 6, 2021, an angry mob attacked security forces and stormed the United States Congress, a significant portion of which carried placards containing Christian symbols and manifested ultra-religious conduct. The crowd chanted religious slogans and songs mixed with extremist ideological-political landmarks, QAnon conspiracy theories and racist attitudes. The protesters also followed a ritual found in the Bible, in the Old Testament, in the book of Joshua Navi, an Israelite leader to whom God indicated how he would conquer the City of Jericho, full of corrupt and fornicating people if he obeyed the divine command. The participants in the assault followed the same ritual to “conquer” the fortress of the Capitol a month before and repeated it starting with January 5, 2021. Since religion is the belief in God and represents the relationship between the faithful man and divinity, the acquisition of elements of political ideology by ultra-religious people was considered natural and mandatory in shaping a society to develop on Christian principles in the form of a “Christian city”. In this article, by analyzing the attitude of the Christian community in two distinct phases, before and during and after the assault on the US Congress, the result of the manifestation of the phenomenon of ultrareligiosity combined with an extremist political ideology will be revealed.
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Brakke, David. „A New Fragment of Athanasius's Thirty-Ninth Festal Letter: Heresy, Apocrypha, and the Canon“. Harvard Theological Review 103, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816009990307.
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Athanasius of Alexandria's thirty-ninth Festal Letter remains one of the most significant documents in the history of the Christian Bible. Athanasius wrote the letter, which contains the first extant list of precisely the twenty-seven books of the current New Testament canon, in 367 c.e., during the final decade of his life. Like many of his annual Easter letters, the thirty-ninth was fairly long, but only a small portion of the text survives in Greek.1 The Greek excerpt contains Athanasius's lists of the books of the Old and New Testaments, which he calls “canonized,” and a list of a few additional books, like the Shepherd of Hermas, which he says are not canonized, but are useful in the instruction of catechumens. Most studies of the formation of the Christian canon, including very recent ones, examine only this Greek fragment and so discuss only the contents of the lists. But already in the late-nineteenth-century fragments of the much more extensive Coptic translation had been published, and a few scholars, such as Carl Schmidt and Theodor Zahn, used them to write penetrating studies of the letter.2 In 1955 Lefort published all the then-known Coptic fragments in his book of Coptic Athanasiana, and then in 1984 Coquin published another long fragment.3 These served as the basis for my 1995 translation and my 1994 article in this journal on the social context of canon formation in fourth-century Egypt.4
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Geissinger, Aisha. „With Reverence for the Word“. American Journal of Islam and Society 22, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i1.1726.
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This ground-breaking work is a collection of papers originally given at anacademic conference on the interpretation of scripture in medieval Judaism,Christianity, and Islam, which was held at the University of Toronto in1997. Of equal interest to scholars and students of medieval Judaism,Christianity, and Islam, particularly those concerned with the place of thescriptures in these religious traditions, it demonstrates both the diversitywithin these three faiths’ exegetical traditions as well as their many crossculturalsimilarities.Following a short preface, which briefly outlines the work’s purposesand scope, the book is divided into three sections, each of which containsthe chapters related to each faith tradition. Each section begins with itsown introduction to the history and methods of the medieval exegesis ofthe relevant faith tradition, which provides the non-specialist reader witha historical context in which to place the individual chapters. The introductionsalso draw the reader’s attention to some parallel developmentsand possible interfaith influences among these exegetical traditions,while at the same time promoting a nuanced understanding in order toavoid facile comparisons. The book contains both a general subject indexand an index to citations from the Bible, Rabbinic literature, and theQur’an.Part 1, which contains 10 chapters on medieval Jewish exegesis, isarguably the most vibrant portion of this book. It conveys a sense of thedepth and breadth of this exegetical tradition, as well as the variety ofapproaches that are being used to study it, and the potential such studieshave for shedding light on a variety of historical issues ...
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Khokhlacheva, N. A., T. S. Kosareva und A. P. Lukashevich. „New Approaches to Studying Prevalence Gallstone Disease“. Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 10, Nr. 4 (30.07.2020): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-4-281-287.
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The aim — predicting the growth of gallstone disease based on the study of the dynamics of the incidence of the liver. Materials and methods. In clinical conditions, 98 patients (62 women and 36 men, average age 43.4 ± 3.3 years (21-60)) with various chronic liver diseases were examined. Anamnesis, clinical and laboratory data were used to verify the diagnosis. In portions “B” and “C” of bile obtained by multifractional duodenal sounding, the total concentration of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids was determined, and lithogenicity indices of bile were calculated: cholate-cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. The results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and PSPP statistical processing programs. The next stage of the work was the analysis of statistical indicators of the general and primary liver morbidity in the Udmurt Republic over the past 10 years (2008-2018). The study applied statistical forecasting methods. Models were built in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program in a polynomial trend.Results. In 52 (53,1%) examined patients, ultrasound examination of the gallbladder were signs of biliary sludge. Microscopic examination of bile 71 (72,6%) patients had crystals of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate, which is evidence of stage I gallstone disease. In all patients with biliary sludge, a violation of the biochemical composition of bile was noted — a decrease in the concentration of bile acids and phospholipids, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol, a decrease in cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. When studying statistical indicators over the past 10 years, a higher general and primary incidence of liver diseases in the Udmurt Republic was noted than in the Russian Federation as a whole. Based on the results of trend modeling, a significant increase in the total and primary liver morbidity is predicted both in the Udmurt Republic and in the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Summarizing the data obtained, it can be noted that over the past 10 years (from 2008 to 2018) among the adult population of Udmurt Republic, a clear tendency has been revealed for an increase in the general and primary incidence of the liver. As the results of trend forecasting showed, an increase in the incidence of the liver will continue in the coming years. With liver pathology, bile secretory function suffers, as a result of metabolic processes, bile produces supersaturated cholesterol, which is the basis for stone formation in the gall bladder. A study of the dynamics of liver disease allows predicting an increase in cholelithiasis in the coming years. Despite the fact that the asymptomatic course of cholelithiasis is often quite observed, if this disease is not diagnosed and the preventive treatment of stone formation is not carried out in a timely manner, this leads to the development of serious complications.
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Giaretta, Paula R., Welden Panziera, Márcia E. Hammerschmitt, Ronaldo M. Bianchi, Glauco J. N. Galiza, Ingrid S. Wiethan, Talissa Bazzi und Claudio S. L. Barros. „Clinical and pathological aspects of chronic Senecio spp. poisoning in sheep“. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014001000008.
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This paper describes an outbreak of chronic Senecio spp. poisoning in grazing sheep in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, causing the death of 10 out of 860 adult sheep. Eight sick ewes were euthanized and necropsied. Cattle from this farm were also affected. Clinical signs included progressive weight loss, apathy and photosensitization. Four out of seven tested sheep had increased gamma-glutamyl transferase serum activity and two of them presented serum elevation of alkaline phosphatase. At necropsy, three out of eight ewes presented slightly irregular toughened livers with multifocal nodules, two out of eight ewes had a whitish liver with thickened fibrotic Glisson's capsule partially adhered to the diaphragm, and three out of eight ewes had smooth and grossly normal livers. Necropsy findings attributed to liver failure included hydropericardium (7/8), ascites (5/8), icterus (2/8), hydrothorax (1/8), and edema of mesentery (1/8). The main hepatic histological findings that allowed the establishment of the diagnosis were megalocytosis, proliferation of bile ducts and fibrosis. Spongy degeneration was observed in the brains of all eight necropsied sheep and was more severe at the cerebellar peduncles, mesencephalon, thalamus, and pons. These are suggested as the portions of election to investigate microscopic lesions of hepatic encephalopathy in sheep with chronic seneciosis. The diagnosis of Senecio spp. poisoning was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, laboratory data, necropsy and histological findings.
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MATUSHEK, MARIAN G., MICHAEL S. CURIALE, J. SUE MCALLISTER und TERRANCE L. FOX. „Comparison of Various Plating Procedures for the Detection and Enumeration of Coliforms in Ice Cream and Ice Milk“. Journal of Food Protection 55, Nr. 2 (01.02.1992): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.2.113.
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Eight plating procedures for the detection and enumeration of coliforms in ice cream and nonfat frozen dessert were compared. The procedures were: (i) direct plating of 1 ml, (ii) 2 ml, or (iii) 3 ml of product with violet red bile agar (VRBA), (iv) direct plating of 5 ml of product with VRBA in a large petri dish, (v) plating 10 ml of a 1:10 dilution of the product across three plates poured with VRBA, (vi) plating 1 ml of a 1:10 dilution with VRBA, and (vii) plating 1 ml of a 1:10 dilution to Petrifilm E. coli Count (PEC) plates incubated for 24 and (viii) 48 h. Three samples of ice cream (high-fat chocolate, high-fat vanilla, and high-fat strawberry) and three samples of frozen dessert (fat-free chocolate, fat-free vanilla, and fat-free strawberry) were selected as representative products and were inoculated with coliforms for use in the study. The data indicated that direct plating of ice cream or frozen dessert was less reliable than plating a diluted product for detection and enumeration of coliforms. Results of platings with VRBA and PEC of 1-ml portions of a 1:10 dilution were closely related to the results of the Standard Methods agar procedure of plating 10 ml of a 1:10 dilution for detection and enumeration of coliforms.
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Gelissen, Ingrid C., und Martin A. Eastwood. „Taurocholic acid adsorption during non-starch polysaccharide fermentation: an in vitro study“. British Journal of Nutrition 74, Nr. 2 (August 1995): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950125.
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The association of radiolabelled taurocholic acid with the solid fraction of a faecal fermentation mixture was measured. A human faecal inoculum was incubated with [24-14C]taurocholic acid and several non-starch polysaccharide sources (pectin, wheat bran, ispaghula (Plantago ovata) husk and seed), glucose or a substrate-free control. Portions of fermentation mixture were taken at 0, 3, 6, 21 and 24 h and centrifuged to acquire a supernatant fraction and a pellet containing the fermentation residue. 14C was measured in supernatant fractions and pellets at all time points. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured at 0 and 24 h to confirm bacterial growth. Radioactivity in the pellet increased over time for all substrates. Glucose resulted in the greatest incorporation of taurocholic acid into the pellet, followed by pectin. At 24 h the proportion of the total radioactivity found in the pellet was 92% for glucose, 79% for pectin, 60% for wheat bran, 59% for ispaghula seed, 53% for ispaghula husk and 26% for the control (mean of duplicates). Glucose and pectin produced the greatest quantity of VFA at 24 h. VFA production was highly correlated with radioactivity in the pellet (r 0·976, P <0·005). These results suggest that the bile acid binding capacity of a faecal culture mixture may be strongly influenced by the fermentability of the available substrate and hence related to bacterial metabolic activity.