Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Pompey , 106 b.c.-48 b.c“
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Lynch, Daniel E., Lisa C. Thomas, Graham Smith, Karl A. Byriel und Colin H. L. Kennard. „A New Supramolecular Synthon Using N-Methylaniline. The Crystal Structure of the 1 : 1 Adduct of N-Methylaniline with 5-Nitrofuran-2-carboxylic Acid“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, Nr. 9 (1998): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98072.
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The crystal structure of the 1 : 1 adduct of N-methylaniline with 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxylic acid has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c with Z 4 in a cell of dimensions a 8·467(5), b 6·106(2), c 23·95(1) Å, β 94·48(3)°. The molecules associate in a tetrameric, proton-transfer formation which has potential as a new supramolecular synthon.
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Ichinose, Yukito, Kaoru Kubota, Giorgio Scagliotti, David R. Spigel, Joo-Hang Kim, Tetsu Shinkai, Koji Takeda et al. „Phase III study (MONET1) of motesanib plus carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P) in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Asian subgroup analysis.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2012): 7549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7549.
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7549 Background: MONET1 evaluated overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with nonsquamous NSCLC receiving motesanib (an oral VEGFR 1, 2 and 3, PDGFR and Kit inhibitor) plus C/P compared with pts receiving placebo plus C/P. Analysis of the total population (N=1090) showed that motesanib + C/P did not significantly improve OS vs C/P alone (primary endpoint). Here we present results of a subgroup analysis of Asian pts. Methods: Asian pts (Japan, S. Korea, Philippines, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore) with stage IIIB/IV or recurrent nonsquamous NSCLC and no prior systemic therapy for advanced NSCLC were analysed. Pts were randomized to up to six 3-wk cycles of C (AUC 6 mg/mL·min) and P (200 mg/m2) with either motesanib 125 mg QD (Arm A) or placebo QD (Arm B) orally continuously. Results: 227 Asian pts (incl. 106 Japanese pts) with nonsquamous NSCLC were randomized (Arm A/B, n=110/117); 198 had adenocarcinoma (n=97/101). Median age was 60 y (range 30–78); 80% had stage IV disease. At the time of analysis, 139 pts had died (118 pts with adenocarcinoma). Pts received a median of 164 days of motesanib vs 125 days of placebo (vs 106 and 126 days in non-Asian pts). Median follow-up was 63 wks. Efficacy results are shown in the table. Motesanib/placebo-related AEs were seen in 94/74% of pts respectively; Gr ≥3 related AEs in 48/22%. Most common emergent AEs were (Arm A/B) alopecia (78/76%), diarrhea (63/33%), and nausea (55/43%); gallbladder disorders (Gr 1–2) were seen in 9/2% of pts. Gr ≥3 AEs more frequent in Arm A vs B included neutropenia (36/22%) and hypertension (13/3%). Emergent Gr 5 events were seen in (Arm A/B) 5/4% vs 16/11% in non-Asian pts. Conclusions: In contrast to non-Asian pts, in the subgroup of Asian pts with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, motesanib plus C/P treatment was associated with increased OS, PFS, and objective response rates (ORR) compared with C/P alone, with no excess of treatment-related mortality. [Table: see text]
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Choua, O. „Plaies pénétrantes de l’abdomen en pratique civile : notre attitude à N’djaména“. Journal Africain de Chirurgie 1, Nr. 3 (28.01.2012): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.61585/pud-jafrchir-v1n304.
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The management of penetrating abdominal wounds is always debated, especially with regard to the stable and asymptomatic patients. Objectives: To analyze the results of the various behaviors suggested by the literature and adopted in our context, and evaluate the feasibility of the observation known as “selective conservatism” for the abdominal or abdomino-thoracic penetrating wounds. Patients and Methodology: Prospective study, concerning 106 patients (Sex ratio of 20,2 Mid Age of 26,2 years), observed from 01.01.2007 to 01.31.2009 at the Department of General Surgery of the Hôpital de la Liberté in N’djamena, for penetrating abdominal or abdomino-thoracic wounds by knife or firearms. The patients were distributed into three groups. A Group: patients operated on immediately. B Group, patients subjected to an observation in surgical ward. C Group: patients subjected to secondary laparotomy after a period of observation. The forecast, the rate of negative laparotomies, duration of the hospital stay, and the complications were compared by using the Khi 2 Test. Results: On 106 patients, 95 (89, 62%) were wounded by knife and 11 (11,38%) by a firearm. The A Group has included 57 immediately operated on patients (53,8%) (13 for shock, 29 eviscerations and 15 for peritonitis). The B group was composed by 24 patients (22,6%), including 18 patients with omentum evisceration. The time of observation varied from 48 to 96 hours, with an average of 75,75h. The C group included 25 patients (23,6%). The total rate of negative laparotomies was of 13, 4%, that of the patientssubjected to observation and then operated on was of 3,7% (p=0,803). The average stay was 10, 56 days for the A Group ; 3,5 forthe B Group and 12,96 forthe C Group, with differences by confronting Groupe A vs B, and B vs C (p=0,0001). The postoperative complications (15,1%) included 8 patients of the A Group, 3 of the B Group, and 3 of the C Group (p=0,724). Mortality rate was 4,7% concerning 4 patients of the A Group, and 1 patient of the B Group (p=0,389). Conclusion: The practice ofselective conservatism isfeasible in our context; it is constraining in human and material means, and even if our cases are very few, there is a real benefit to avoid negative laparotomies, without compromising the vital prognosis of the casualties.
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Idrees, Atif, Ziyad Abdul Qadir, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Ayesha Afzal, Mubasher Hussain, Waqar Islam, Muhammad Saad Waqas, Bamisope Steve Bamisile und Jun Li. „Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae“. Insects 12, Nr. 11 (21.11.2021): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12111044.
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Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, invasion. The five fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, Cladosporium tenuissimum SE-10, Penicillium citrinum CTD-24, and Beauveria bassiana ZK-5 were assessed for their efficacy in causing mortality against first to sixth instar eggs and neonate larvae seven days post-treatment, and their effects on the feeding performance of sixth instar S. frugiperda larvae at 48 h post-treatment at three concentrations (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL−1) were also assessed. The six instar S. frugiperda larvae were not susceptible to the five tested fungal isolates. However, B. bassiana ZK-5 caused the highest egg mortality of 40, 70, and 85.6% at 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL−1, respectively, followed by P. citrinum CTD-24 (30.6, 50, and 75.6%) and C. tenuissimum SE-10 (25.6, 40, and 55.6%). In addition, B. bassiana ZK-5 caused the highest neonate mortality of 54.3% at 1 × 108 conidia mL−1. B. bassiana ZK-5 and P. citrinum CTD-24 caused cumulative mortality, including 93.3 and 83.3% mortality of eggs and neonates, respectively, at 1 × 108 conidia mL−1. Furthermore, B. bassiana ZK-5 reduced the feeding efficacy of first to third instar S. frugiperda larvae by 66.7 to 78.6%, while P. citrinum CTD-24 and C. tenuissimum SE-10 reduced larval feeding by 48.3 to 57.1% at 1 × 108 conidia mL−1. However, these fungal isolates were less potent in reducing the feeding activity of fourth to sixth instar S. frugiperda larvae (>46% with B. bassiana at 48 h post-treatment). The tested fungal isolates could play an essential role as microbial biopesticides in suppressing the S. frugiperda population in China after further investigations on their efficacy are obtained in the field.
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Vasconcelos, G. L., R. Maculan, N. Alves, A. L. A. P. L. Ribeiro, A. W. B. Silva, E. V. Cunha, G. M. Moreira et al. „102 In Vitro Embryo Production and Oocyte Quality in Bos indicus Beef Cows Selected for Fertility Characteristics“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, Nr. 1 (2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab102.
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Embryo production may be enhanced when associated with cows selected on the basis of fertility markers, which should be easy to measure, such as antral follicle count (AFC) and genital tract morphometrics. The objective was to evaluate the effects of AFC class on oocyte 24-h outcome and in vitro embryo production in Bos indicus beef cows. Brahman (n = 151) cows (2-13 years old, 344-803 kg of BW, and 7-9 BCS). Low (LAFC), intermediate (IAFC), and high (HAFC) antral follicle classes were defined as follows: LAFC ≤ 30; IAFC 30-49; and HAFC ≥50 AFC. All follicles ≥3 mm in diameter were aspirated by conventional ovum pick-up technique. Only cumulus–oocyte complexes with at least 2 layers of granulosa cells and homogeneous cytoplasm were used for in vitro culture. They were matured in TCM-199 plus supplements for 24 h at 38.7°C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. After 24 h of maturation, a subset of oocytes (n = 319) was fixed and analysed under fluorescent microscopy and oocyte outcome was evaluated by classification, as follows: germinal vesicle (GV), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I/anaphase I/telophase I (MIAITI), and metaphase II (MII). The second subset of oocytes (n = 797) was fertilized in Ferti-TALP (10-15 oocytes per 60-µL drop) with frozen–thawed semen (18-22 h at 38.7°C in 5% CO2 after Percoll) from a single bull previously tested for good in vitro fertility. Presumptive zygotes were cultivated in CR2 medium for 48 h at 37.8°C in 5% CO2. For the remaining 96 h, embryos were transferred to 10% FCS-supplemented TCM-199 drops until the final evaluation. Data were analysed by the GENMOD, GLM, and CORR procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Viable oocytes, total embryos, and embryo production efficiency (viable oocyte/total embryos produced; P < 0.05) to AFC in various degrees (r2 = 0.87, 0.86, 0.30, respectively). The proportion of oocytes in GV, GVBD, MIAITI, and MII were different (P < 0.05) between LAFC, IAFC, and HAFC classes [GV: 12.3% (13/106)a, 3.1% (3/96)a and 4.3% (5/117)b, respectively]; [GVBD: 32.1% (34/106)a, 8.3% (8/96)a and 6.0 (7/117)b]; [MIAITI: 14.2% (15/106)a, 26.0% (25/96)b and 8.5% (10/117)c, respectively] and [MII: 41.5% (44/106)b, 62.5% (60/96)a and 81.2% (95/117)c, respectively). In conclusion, high AFC is positively related to better in vitro embryo fertility and to 24-h oocyte outcome after in vitro maturation.
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RAJKOVIC, ANDREJA, MIEKE UYTTENDAELE, SYLVIE-ANNE OMBREGT, ELINA JAASKELAINEN, MIRJA SALKINOJA-SALONEN und JOHAN DEBEVERE. „Influence of Type of Food on the Kinetics and Overall Production of Bacillus cereus Emetic Toxin“. Journal of Food Protection 69, Nr. 4 (01.04.2006): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.847.
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Potato puree and penne pasta were inoculated with cereulide producing B. cereus 5964a and B. cereus NS117. Static incubation at 28°C proved these two foods to be a better substrate for higher cereulide production (4,080 ng/g in puree and 3,200 ng/g in penne were produced by B. cereus 5964a during 48 h of incubation) compared with boiled rice (2,000 ng/g). This difference occurred despite B. cereus counts of more than 108 CFU/g in all three products. Aeration of cultures had a negative effect on cereulide production, causing concentrations more than 10-fold lower than in some statically incubated samples. Cereulide production remained undetectable in shaken milk, whereas it reached 1,140 ng/ml in statically incubated milk. At 12 and 22°C, presence of background flora was also a determinative factor. A total B. cereus count of more than 106 CFU/ml did not necessarily lead to uniform cereulide production and was also dependent on the B. cereus strain involved. In this study, we confirm that a number of factors play a crucial role in the determination of the extent to which, if at all, cereulide will be produced. Among those, type of the food, temperature, pH, and whether additional aeration (via incubation on an orbital shaker) is induced had an important role. An important effect was also induced by the cereulide-producing strain involved.
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Zhang, P. G., und J. C. Sutton. „High temperature, darkness, and drought predispose black spruce seedlings to gray mold“. Canadian Journal of Botany 72, Nr. 2 (01.02.1994): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-018.
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Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. developed in seedlings of black spruce (Picea mariana BSP) that were subjected to high temperatures (30–45 °C) in darkness or to drought conditions immediately before inoculation with the pathogen (106 conidia/mL). Incidence and density of spore production of B. cinerea in needles of the treated seedlings increased, and chlorophyll content decreased, with duration of the preinoculation treatments. Gray mold did not develop in seedlings subjected to preinoculation high temperature in the light, and also failed to develop in seedlings that were kept at 1–20 °C in light or darkness with adequate water, inoculated with 103–107 conidia of B. cinerea/mL, then subjected to a range of postinoculation humid periods (0–48 h) at various constant temperatures (12, 20, and 28 °C) in light or darkness. Regression models were developed to describe the incidence and density of sporulation of B. cinerea and chlorophyll content in seedling needles as functions of the level and period of preinoculation high temperature plus darkness, preinoculation drought period, and seedling age (R2 = 0.45–0.95; p ≤ 0.01). It was concluded that high temperature in combination with darkness, and drought stress, predisposed the seedlings to gray mold. Key words: Picea mariana, Botrytis cinerea, predisposition, disease models.
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Laser, Kai T., Nikolaus A. Haas, Markus Fischer, Sheeraz Habash, Franziska Degener, Christian Prinz, Hermann Körperich, Eugen Sandica und Deniz Kececioglu. „Left ventricular rotation and right–left ventricular interaction in congenital heart disease: the acute effects of interventional closure of patent arterial ducts and atrial septal defects“. Cardiology in the Young 24, Nr. 4 (29.07.2013): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951113000978.
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AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular rotation is physiologically affected by acute changes in preload. We investigated the acute effect of preload changes in chronically underloaded and overloaded left ventricles in children with shunt lesions.MethodsA total of 15 patients with atrial septal defects (Group A: 7.4 ± 4.7 years, 11 females) and 14 patients with patent arterial ducts (Group B: 2.7 ± 3.1 years, 10 females) were investigated using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography before and after interventional catheterisation. The rotational parameters of the patient group were compared with those of 29 matched healthy children (Group C).ResultsMaximal torsion (A: 2.45 ± 0.9°/cm versus C: 1.8 ± 0.8°/cm, p < 0.05), apical peak systolic rotation (A: 12.6 ± 5.7° versus C: 8.7 ± 3.5°, p < 0.05), and the peak diastolic torsion rate (A: −147 ± 48°/second versus C: −110 ± 31°/second, p < 0.05) were elevated in Group A and dropped immediately to normal values after intervention (maximal torsion 1.5 ± 1.1°/cm, p < 0.05, apical peak systolic rotation 7.2 ± 4.1°, p < 0.05, and peak diastolic torsion rate −106 ± 35°/second, p < 0.05). Patients in Group B had decreased maximal torsion (B: 1.8 ± 1.1°/cm versus C: 3.8 ± 1.4°/cm, p < 0.05) and apical peak systolic rotation (B: 8.3 ± 6.1° versus C: 13.9 ± 4.3°, p < 0.05). Defect closure was followed by an increase in maximal torsion (B: 2.7 ± 1.4°/cm, p < 0.05) and the peak diastolic torsion rate (B: −133 ± 66°/second versus −176 ± 84°/second, p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with chronically underloaded left ventricles compensate with an enhanced apical peak systolic rotation, maximal torsion, and quicker diastolic untwisting to facilitate diastolic filling. In patients with left ventricular dilatation by volume overload, the peak systolic apical rotation and the maximal torsion are decreased. After normalisation of the preload, they immediately return to normal and diastolic untwisting rebounds. These mechanisms are important for understanding the remodelling processes.
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Kodom, Piyabalo, Antonio J. Aragón-Barroso, Edem K. Koledzi, Kwamivi Segbeaya, Jesús González-López und Francisco Osorio. „Microwave Treatment of Three Different Types of Sewage Sludge Based on Their Solar Drying Exposure Time: Effect on Microorganisms, Water Content and Agronomic Aspects“. Water 16, Nr. 2 (18.01.2024): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020321.
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This study aimed to treat sewage sludge through microwave irradiation at a laboratory scale. The objective was to investigate the effect of microwave irradiation on microorganisms, water content, organic matter, and agronomic nutrients present in sewage sludge. Three types of sewage sludges obtained from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant were considered: Sludge A (raw sludge), Sludge B (subjected to 15 days of solar exposure, achieving 48% dryness), and Sludge C (exposed to solar conditions and left open to the air for 23 months, reaching 94% dryness). These diverse sludges were exposed to microwave irradiation at various power levels (analysed variables: ε (Watts/g), θ (°C), T (min)). The specific exposure powers and temperature levels for the water reduction analysis were: 555, 955, 1355, and 1500 Watts/g and 55, 75, 95, and 105 °C, respectively. On the other hand, microbiological and agronomic nutrient analyses were conducted at 75 °C–1355 W and 95 °C–1355 W. After microwave exposure experiments, the results demonstrated the high effectiveness of microwave technology in eradicating indicator microorganisms of faecal contamination and reducing sludge volume while not affecting trace elements of significant agricultural value. The reduction in Escherichia Coli revealed that 4 min of irradiation was necessary to completely eliminate it to 0 ulog, indicating a 100% reduction, in Sludge A. In Sludges B and C, an additional 1 min was needed under conditions of 75 °C and 1355 W for a mass of 50 g. Moreover, Sludge A (46.27 × 105 or 4.80 ulog of dry matter), Sludge B (1.29 × 106 or 6.11 ulog of dry matter), and Sludge C (8.77 × 104 or 4.94 ulog of dry matter) were heavily contaminated with faecal coliforms. It took 6 min to reduce faecal coliforms to below the detection threshold.
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Alsarahni, Aseel, Zuhair Muhi Eldeen, Elham Al-kaissi und Hiba Al-malliti. „IN VITRO MICROBIAL TIME-KILLING CURVE FOR NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMINOACETYLENIC-2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE COMPOUND“. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, Nr. 10 (01.11.2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.21245.
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Objective: To determine the time needed for killing different types of microorganisms by a newly synthesized 2-mercapto-1,3-benzothiazole derivative in comparison to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole.Methods: The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for 2-{[4-(2,6-dimethylPiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]Sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole(AZ3) compound were determined, using the broth dilution method. The MBC and MFC dilutions were prepared. Broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was incubated at 25 °C for 48 h. 0.1 ml of each broth culture represent 1.5 x 106 CFU/ml was challenged with 9.9 ml broth containing the MBC or MFC concentrations of the AZ3 compound. From each sample at different time intervals, 1 ml was taken and added to 9 ml of sterile distilled water, in order to neutralize the effect of AZ3. Serial dilution was done and a viable count was determined from the appropriate dilutions.Results: The viability of the P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans were killed within 3.5 h, 5 h, 24 h, 3 h and 5 h respectively. The time killing curves showed that AZ3 needed longer time for killing S. aureus than the time needed to kill B. subtilis. On the other hand, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa, than the time needed to kill E. coli. In comparison with ciprofloxacin, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and the same time to kill B. subtilis, while it needed longer time than ciprofloxacin to kill S. aureus. In comparison with fluconazole, AZ3 with lower MFC than fluconazole needed longer time to kill C. albicans.Conclusion: AZ3 showed promising antimicrobial killing activities, in compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, which promoted our interest to investigate the time of killing needed for other 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives against different types of microorganisms.
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Turner, Dan, Bluma Brenner, Daniela Moisi, Mervi Detorio, Raymond Cesaire, Takashi Kurimura, Haruyo Mori, Max Essex, Shlomo Maayan und Mark A. Wainberg. „Nucleotide and Amino Acid Polymorphisms at Drug Resistance Sites in Non-B-Subtype Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, Nr. 8 (August 2004): 2993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.8.2993-2998.2004.
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ABSTRACT We have compared nucleotide substitutions and polymorphisms at codons known to confer drug resistance in subtype B strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with similar substitutions in viruses of other subtypes. Genotypic analysis was performed on viruses from untreated individuals. Nucleotide and amino acid diversity at resistance sites was compared with a consensus subtype B reference virus. Among patients with non-subtype B infections, polymorphisms relative to subtype B were observed at codon 10 in protease (PR). These included silent substitutions (CTC→CTT, CTA, TTA) and an amino acid mutation, L10I. Subtype A viruses possessed a V179I substitution in reverse transcriptase (RT). Subtype G viruses were identified by silent substitutions at codon 181 in RT (TAT→TAC). Similarly, subtype A/G viruses were identified by a substitution at position 67 in RT (GAC→GAT). Subtype C was distinguished by silent substitutions at codons 106 (GTA→GTG) and 219 (AAA→AAG) in RT and codon 48 (GGG→GGA) in PR. Variations relative to subtype B were seen at RT position 215 (ACC→ACT) for subtypes A and A/E. These substitutions and polymorphisms reflect different patterns of codon usage among viruses of different subtypes. However, the existence of different subtypes may only rarely affect patterns of drug resistance-associated mutations.
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Kurniawan, Muhammad Haris, Berta Putri und Yeni Elisdiana. „EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN BAKTERI Bacillus polymyxa MELALUI PAKAN TERHADAP IMUNITAS NON SPESIFIK UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei)“. e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 7, Nr. 1 (11.12.2018): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrtbp.v7i1.p739-750.
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The addition of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria in the feed as immunostimulant is one of the efforts of disease prevention on vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The aimed of this research was to know the effectivity of the use of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria in feed towards the non-specific imunity of vannamei shrimp. This research consisted of 4 treatments namely feed with the density of Bacillus polymyxa bacteria 0 cell/ml as control (A), 104 cell/ml (B), 106 cell/ml (C) and 108 cell/ml (D) and each treatment is repeated 3 times. This research has been done in 15 days. Parameters that observed this research were total haemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis activity, differential haemocyte count (DHC) and water quality. The results showed that the addition Bacillus polymyxa bacteria of 106 cell/ml was able to improve THC value 6,6x107 cell/ml on the day 10. The DHC value was in the normal range which is hyalin cell was 52-89% and granular cell was 11-48%. The quality of water maintenance media during this research was in the normal range there were temperature 27,2-28,1°C, DO 3,70-3,91ppm, pH 3,70-3,91, and salinity 30-35 ppt.
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Fournel, P., A. Vergnenégre, G. Robinet, H. Léna, R. Gervais, H. Le Caer, P. J. Souquet, J. M. Chavaillon, C. Chouaid und I. Martel-Lafay. „Induction (ICT) or consolidation chemotherapy (CT) with cisplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) plus concurrent chemo-radiation (CT/TRT) with cisplatin and vinorelbine (V) for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts): Randomized phase II trial GFPC-GLOT-IFCT 02–01“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, Nr. 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 7048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7048.
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7048 Background: Concurrent CT/TRT is the standard treatment for unresectable stage III NSCLC, but the optimal sequencing of TRT and CT is not well defined.Consolidation CT with taxane seems to be a good approach (SWOG 95–04). Methods: Unresectable stage III NSCLC pts (weight loss < 10%, ECOG PS 0–1, no supraclavicular lymph node or superior vena cava syndrome) were eligible. in Arm A, pts received 2 cycles of C 80 mg/m2 and P 200 mg/m2 followed by a concurrent CT/TRT including TRT as 66 Gy in 33 fractions and C 80 mg/m2 d1,29 and 57 and V d1,8,29,36,57 and 64. In Arm B, the same CT/TRT began on d1 followed by 2 cycles of C and P. The primary objective was response rate at the end of treatment, assessed by RECIST criteria. 132 pts were needed. Results: From 05/2002 to 03/2005, 133 pts were included by 35 centers. 5 pts were ineligible. Both groups were well-matched for baseline characteristics. 30 pts were stage IIIAN2 and 98 stage IIIB. Toxicities (106 pts analyzable) grade 3–4 by CTC and RTOG criteria (Arm A/Arm B) were: neutropenia 36%/41%, infection 11%/15%, esophagitis 6%/13%, pneumonitis 0%/1%. 5 toxic deaths were observed (2 sepsis, 1 massive hemoptysis, 1 post-irradiation pneumonitis, 1 esophageal fistula). In Arm A, objective response rate was 36% after ICT. At the end of treatment, response rate (Arm A/Arm B) was in intent to treat: progression 19%/19%, stable-disease 6%/11%, objective response 55%/48%. 13 pts were not evaluable for response in Arm A and 14 in Arm B [ table ]. Conclusions: Toxicities and response rates are similar in both arms, but ICT followed by CT/TRT appears to provide a better therapeutic outcome. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Baiswar, P., S. Chandra, R. Kumar, S. V. Ngachan, A. R. Roy und D. N. Upadhayay. „First Report of Leaf Blight of Chinese Ground Orchid (Phaius tankervilliae) Caused by Botrytis cinerea in India“. Plant Disease 92, Nr. 11 (November 2008): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-11-1586c.
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Chinese ground orchid (Phaius tankervilliae Banks:Blume) is a beautiful, terrestrial orchid, which belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is used as a cut flower, which lasts for 4 to 5 weeks. This species is considered endangered and rare in nature. In June of 2007, potted plants of P. tankervilliae in Shillong, Meghalaya (northeast India; maximum temperature 24°C, minimum temperature 18°C, and 83.5% relative humidity) exhibited leaf blight. Symptoms included water-soaked lesions and dense, gray mold growing on infected tissues. Thirty-six percent of the plants surveyed were found to have this disease. For isolation, diseased tissue was surface disinfested by soaking it in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, air dried, plated on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 20°C. Mycelia were initially white but later turned gray. Mature, unicellular, ellipsoid, hyaline conidia (6.3 to 8.2 × 9.6 to 11.4 μm) were formed in botryose heads. Hard, black, irregular-shaped sclerotia (average size 1.8 × 2.3 mm) were formed after 15 days. On the basis of these morphological characters, the pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. (1). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying plants with a spore suspension (106 spores per ml), which were then maintained under high humidity for 48 h at 20 to 22°C by covering with cheesecloth. Five potted plants were inoculated and five were sprayed with sterile water. Lesions and spore masses that were identical to those observed appeared 5 to 6 days after inoculation. Water-treated control plants remained asymptomatic. B. cinerea was reisolated from inoculated plants. A literature search revealed no previous record of this disease in India. So, to our knowledge, this is the first record of B. cinerea on P. tankervilliae in India. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey, England, 1971.
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Pessoa, G. A., J. M. Trentin, A. P. Martini, D. R. Dotto, L. A. M. Centeno, M. L. Jardim, K. V. Aires und M. I. B. Rubin. „180 SPERM SELECTION OF STALLION PONIES THROUGH GLASS WOOL“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, Nr. 1 (2014): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab180.
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Two techniques of sperm concentration (centrifugation or filtering) and sperm separation technique with glass wool were applied to the sperm samples collected from 3 pony stallions (6 ejaculates; 2 from each stallion). Ejaculates were extended to a final concentration of 50 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1 using a nonfat dry milk-based extender and evaluations occurred at 24, 48, and 72 h after immediate ejaculate dilution and cooling. Each stallion was considered as a block, and semen from each stallion was assigned to 4 treatments: Group A (control): extended semen alone; Group B: extended-centrifuged semen; Group C: extended-sperm filtered semen; Group D: extended-glass wool-separated semen. All groups were tested for pH, osmolarity, motility, morphology, membrane functionality (hyposmotic), and cell viability (MTT assay). The experimental design was performed using a split-plot model. Data analysis at the level of 5% was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni as post-hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Group D had the highest rate of viable cells (P < 0.05) after the separation procedure (Table 1). Group B had a higher percentage of cells with tail defects after processing compared with the controls and Groups A, C, and D (P < 0.05). More than 60% of the cells retained on the filter showed defects (P < 0.001). Progressive motility was greater in group D at 0, 24, and 48 h (P < 0.05). Seventy-two hours after cooling, motility in groups A and B was lower than in Group D (P < 0.01). Group D showed a higher number of cells with mitochondrial activity during the cooling period. In conclusion, the technique of sperm selection by gravity using a glass wool filter resulted in an increased number of viable sperms after cooling pony semen for 24, 48, and 72 h. Table 1.Effect of sperm concentration and separation techniques on mean ± standard error percent of intact sperm from 3 stallions ponies (2 ejaculates/pony) stained with eosin-nigrosin
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Ross, Lisa L., Marjorie D. Robinson, Giampiero Carosi, Adriano Lazzarin, Hans-Juergen Stellbrink, Graeme Moyle, Naomi Givens und William G. Nichols. „Impact of HIV subtype on response and resistance in antiretroviral-naïve adults comparing treatment with once daily versus twice daily ritonavir boosted fosamprenavir in combination with Abacavir/Lamivudine“. Drugs and Therapy Studies 2, Nr. 1 (30.12.2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/dts.2012.e1.
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The impact of HIV-1 subtype on resistance mutation selection and on virologic response to fosamprenavir in combination with once-daily (QD) versus twice-daily (BID) dosing of ritonavir was examined in a prospective, open label, randomized study in antiretroviral-naïve, HIV-1 infected subjects. We studied APV109141 compared QD fosamprenavir/ritonavir (1400mg/100mg) to BID fosamprenavir/ritonavir (700mg/100mg), administered in combination with a QD fixed-dose abacavir/lamivudine (600 mg/300 mg) combination tablet through 48 weeks in ART-naïve subjects. HIV genotypes were obtained from all subjects at screen. Subjects with virologic failure (VF) were also genotyped at baseline and VF. HIV subtypes observed in the ITT (n=214) population were A or AE or AG circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) 19%; B 62%; BF or BG CRFs 2%; C or CPX CRFs 7%; D 2%; F1 7%; G <1%. By TLOVR (ITT-exposed), 86/106 (81%) of subjects on QD study arm and 87/106 (82%) in the BID arm achieved plasma HIV-RNA<400 copies/mL at Week 48. Three subjects met VF criteria, 2 receiving QD fosamprenavir/ritonavir; 1 receiving BID fosamprenavir/ritonavir; (HIV subtype B, F1 A1, respectively). Baseline drug resistance was detected in 2/3 VFs: Subject 1-RT: K103K/N, T215C; major PI: V82A, L90M; and Subject 2-RT: M41L, L74V. Only virus from one subject with VF selected for any treatment-emergent mutation (Subject 1; M184V). Post-VF, Subject 3 (subtypeA1) suppressed HIV-RNA >400 copies/mL through 48 weeks. Subtype appeared to have no preferential impact on virologic response or selection for specific resistance mutations in subjects receiving fosamprenavir/ritonavir. Virologic failure rate was rare (3 subjects; each from different subtypes). At VF, virus from only one subject selected any HIV NRTI mutation (M184V); none selected major protease mutations.
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Rodrigues de Santana, Fabiana, Cidéli de Paula Coelho, Thayná Neves Cardoso, Elizabeth Cristina Perez Hurtado, Nilson Roberti Benites, Marcia Dalastra Laurenti und Leoni Villano Bonamin. „Modulation of inflammation response to murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis by homeopathic medicines: Antimonium crudum 30cH“. Homeopathy 103, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2014): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2014.08.006.
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Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the mononuclear phagocytic system. The modulation activity of these cells can interfere in the host/parasite relationship and influences the prognosis.Methods: We evaluated the effects of the homeopathic preparation Antimonium crudum 30cH on experimental infection induced by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. Male Balb/c mice were inoculated with 2 × 106 Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes into the footpad and, after 48 h (acute phase) or 60 days (chronic phase), cell population of lymphocytes and phagocytes present in the peritoneal washing fluid and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry and histopathology, with histometry of the subcutaneous primary lesion, local lymph node and spleen. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify CD3 (T lymphocyte), CD45RA (B lymphocyte) and CD11b (phagocytes) positive cells.Results: In treated mice, during the acute phase, there was significant increase of the macroscopic lesion, associated to inflammatory edema, as well increase in the number of free amastigotes and B lymphocytes inside the lesion. Increase of B lymphocytes (predominantly B-2 cells) was also seen in the local lymph node, spleen and peritoneum. In the chronic phase, the inflammatory process in the infection focus was reduced, with reduced phagocyte migration and peritoneal increase of B-1a cells (precursors of B-2 immunoglobulin producers cells) and T CD8+ cells.Conclusion: The treatment of mice with Antimonium crudum 30cH induced a predominantly B cell pattern of immune response in Leishmania (L.) amazonensis experimental infection, alongside the increase of free amastigote forms number in the infection site. The clinical significance of this study is discussed, further studies are suggested.
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Crepel, C., S. Inghelbrecht, S. Baeyen und M. Maes. „First Report of Cochliobolus sativus on Guzmania sp. in Belgium“. Plant Disease 90, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2006): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1361a.
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In 2001 and again in December 2005, an outbreak of leaf spots was observed on Guzmania sp. ‘Gwendolyne’ (Bromeliaceae) in a Belgian nursery. Typical disease symptoms were irregular spots with a grayish center and a narrow red-brown margin. Identification was based on morphological characteristics and molecular techniques. Isolations of diseased leaf tissues previously washed with sterile distilled water on potato dextrose agar (PDA) resulted in mycelial colonies after 7 to 8 days. Fungal mycelium grew at a linear rate of 30.4 mm per 24 h at 21°C in the dark. The pathogen produced aerial mycelium and sporulation was abundant. The color of the colonies on PDA was pale to dark brown and conidial characteristics similar to those of Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana) (1) were observed: brown ellipsoidal spores rounded at the top, 3 to 12 distoseptate, with average dimensions of 40 to 120 × 17 to 28 μm. The pathogen was also characterized with molecular tools. DNA was isolated from mycelium from a PDA plate. The ribosomal DNA region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 was amplified and cloned. The ITS1 sequences (174 bp) of two independent clones were analyzed. The three highest similarity scores (E = 2e-71) obtained in BLAST were C. sativus (GenBank Accession Nos. AF158105 and AF071329) and B. sorokiniana strain BS11 (GenBank Accession No. AY372677). For these, pairwise alignments resulted in an identical score of 97.1% (169 identical bases, four indels, and one transversion). The new Genbank Accession No. of the ITS1 sequence is DQ 641269. To prove pathogenicity of the isolate, inoculations were done by spraying leaves of three young Guzmania sp. ‘Gwendolyne’ plants with a 20-ml spore suspension (106 spores/ml). Three plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water as controls. The plants were kept for 48 h under a humid chamber and subsequently at room temperature (20 to 25°C) on the laboratory bench. Three to four days after inoculation, leaf spots were observed and C. sativus (anamorph B. sorokiniana) was reisolated, completing Koch's postulates successfully. On the basis of symptoms, morphological characteristics, and pathogenicity tests, the pathogen was identified as C. sativus (anamorph B. sorokiniana). To our knowledge, this is the first record of C. sativus (anamorph B. sorokiniana) on Guzmania sp. in Belgium. References: (1) A. Sivanesan and P. Holliday. Description of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, England, UK, 1981.
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Rojanaporn, Duangnate, Taweevat Attaseth, Wimwipa Dieosuthichat, Kitikul Leelawongs, Samart Pakakasama, Usanarat Anurathapan, Ekachat Chanthanaphak, Sirintara Singhara Na Ayudhaya, Rangsima Aroonroch und Suradej Hongeng. „Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Retinoblastoma Patients in relation to the Advent of New Multimodal Treatments: A 12-Year Report from Single Tertiary Referral Institute in Thailand“. Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (10.09.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4231841.
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Purpose. To investigate the clinical presentations and outcomes of retinoblastoma in relation to the advent of new multimodal treatments in Thailand. Patients and Methods. Retrospective case series. We evaluated the clinical presentation, staging, details of treatment, and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma patients who were treated at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. The log-rank test was used to explore clinical characteristics and treatment modalities that affected globe salvage and survival curves. Results. This study included 124 eyes of 81 patients with retinoblastoma. Forty-three patients (53.1%) had bilateral retinoblastoma. The median age at diagnosis was 8 months (range, 1–48 months). Of 124 eyes, 9 eyes (7.3%) had extraocular retinoblastoma and 115 eyes (92.7%) had intraocular retinoblastoma, which were classified by the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) as group A, 4 eyes (3.5%); group B, 19 eyes (16.5%); group C, 6 eyes (5.2%); group D, 31 eyes (27%); and group E, 56 eyes (47.8%). Treatment included systemic chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, subtenon chemotherapy, and intravitreal chemotherapy. At the median follow-up period of 38.4 months (range, 0.2–148.2 months), the overall globe salvage rate of intraocular retinoblastoma was 51.7%. For unilateral retinoblastoma, globe salvage rate was 37.5% (group B, 100%; group C, 100%; group D, 50%; and group E, 18.8%). For bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma, the globe salvage rate was 57.8% (group A, 100 %; group B, 94.4%; group C, 100%; group D, 64.7%; and group E, 28.2%). The overall survival rate was 93.8%. Conclusions. Recent advanced treatment modalities have improved the probability of globe salvage. However, enucleation remains an important life-saving intervention in many advanced cases.
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Ivors, K. L., L. W. Lacey, D. C. Milks, S. M. Douglas, M. K. Inman, R. E. Marra und J. A. LaMondia. „First Report of Boxwood Blight Caused by Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum in the United States“. Plant Disease 96, Nr. 7 (Juli 2012): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-12-0247-pdn.
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In September and October 2011, a new disease was observed on Buxus spp. in North Carolina and Connecticut, respectively. In North Carolina, over 10,000 containerized Buxus sempervirens (American boxwood) were affected at one location. A few weeks later, the disease was found in Connecticut on entire plantings of B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’ (English boxwood) at two residential properties, and shortly thereafter on over 150,000 plants at two production nurseries. Initial foliar symptoms appeared as light to dark brown spots, often with dark borders. Spots enlarged and coalesced, often with a concentric pattern, and black streaks or cankers developed on stems. Infected leaves became brown or straw colored and dropped quickly after foliar symptoms were visible. Branch dieback and plant death were also observed in Connecticut. Cultures were isolated from symptomatic leaves and stems and identified as Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum Crous, Groenewald & Hill 2002 (1) (syn. Cylindrocladium buxicola Henricot 2002 [2]) on the basis of morphological characteristics. Macroconidiophores were single or in groups of up to three and comprised a stipe, stipe extension, and a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches. The stipe extension was septate, hyaline (89 to 170 × 2 to 4.5 μm), and terminated in an ellipsoidal vesicle (6 to 11 μm diameter) with a papillate or pointed apex. Conidia were cylindrical, straight, hyaline, and one septate (48 to 62 × 4 to 6 μm), occurring in slimy clusters. No microconidiophores were observed. Chlamydospores were medium to dark brown, thick walled, and smooth to rough. Microsclerotia were observed on PDA (1). A portion of β-tubulin gene sequence from two Connecticut (Genbank Accession Nos. JQ866628 and JQ866629) and two North Carolina isolates showed 100% similarity with only C. pseudonaviculatum strains. USDA-APHIS-PPQ confirmed this new United States record on October 24, 2011. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating three 1-gallon container plants of B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’ in North Carolina and four liners of B. sinica var. insularis × B. sempervirens ‘Green Velvet’ in Connecticut with a spore suspension of approximately 5.0 × 106 conidia (North Carolina) or 1.0 × 106 conidia (Connecticut) on the foliage of each plant; untreated control plants were sprayed with water. After incubation at ambient temperature, all inoculated plants developed foliar and stem lesions within 3 to 4 days and blighting occurred within 2 weeks; control plants remained asymptomatic. C. pseudonaviculatum was reisolated from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. pseudonaviculatum in the United States. C. pseudonaviculatum causes a serious disease of Buxus spp. in the United Kingdom and several other European countries as well as New Zealand (1). Confirmation of boxwood blight in the United States is significant because of the popularity of boxwood as a landscape plant, and because of the potential economic impact this disease may have on commercial growers; boxwood production in the United States has an annual wholesale market value of approximately $103 million (3). References: (1) P. Crous, et al. Sydowia 54:23, 2002. (2) B. Henricot and A. Culham Mycologia 94: 980, 2002. (3) USDA-NASS, Census of Horticulture, 2010.
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Peng, Pan-Pan, Liang-Liang Dong, Ya-Fang Sun, Xiao-Li Zeng, Wen-Long Ding, Hugo Scheer, Xiaojing Yang und Kai-Hong Zhao. „The structure of allophycocyanin B fromSynechocystisPCC 6803 reveals the structural basis for the extreme redshift of the terminal emitter in phycobilisomes“. Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70, Nr. 10 (27.09.2014): 2558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714015776.
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Allophycocyanin B (AP-B) is one of the two terminal emitters in phycobilisomes, the unique light-harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria and red algae. Its low excitation-energy level and the correspondingly redshifted absorption and fluorescence emission play an important role in funnelling excitation energy from the hundreds of chromophores of the extramembraneous phycobilisome to the reaction centres within the photosynthetic membrane. In the absence of crystal structures of these low-abundance terminal emitters, the molecular basis for the extreme redshift and directional energy transfer is largely unknown. Here, the crystal structure of trimeric AP-B [(ApcD/ApcB)3] fromSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 at 1.75 Å resolution is reported. In the crystal lattice, eight trimers of AP-B form a porous, spherical, 48-subunit assembly of 193 Å in diameter with an internal cavity of 1.1 × 106 Å3. While the overall structure of trimeric AP-B is similar to those reported for many other phycobiliprotein trimers, the chromophore pocket of the α-subunit, ApcD, has more bulky residues that tightly pack the phycocyanobilin (PCB). Ring D of the chromophores is further stabilized by close interactions with ApcB from the adjacent monomer. The combined contributions from both subunits render the conjugated rings B, C and D of the PCB in ApcD almost perfectly coplanar. Together with mutagenesis data, it is proposed that the enhanced planarity effectively extends the conjugation system of PCB and leads to the redshifted absorption (λmax= 669 nm) and fluorescence emission (679 nm) of the ApcD chromophore in AP-B, thereby enabling highly efficient energy transfer from the phycobilisome core to the reaction centres.
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Palupi, Tantri, Satriyas Ilyas, Muhammad Machmud und Dan Eny Widajati. „Peningkatan Mutu Fisiologis dan Daya Simpan Benih serta Ketahanan Patogen dan Agen Hayati pada Benih Padi Berpelapis“. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 44, Nr. 3 (19.01.2017): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v44i3.12755.
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<p><em></em><em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a seedborne pathogen causing bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease, and reduces the quality of seed and rice production. One of the efforts to control the BLB disease and to improve the quality Xoo infected seeds is the seed coating technique enriched with biological agents. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of coating on seed quality and storage life, as well as the Xoo and biological agents resistence (P. diminuta A6 and B. subtilis 5/B) on the seeds. The experiment was carried out from August 2011 to March 2012, using a split plot design with four replications. The main plot was storage period, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 months. The sub plot was seed coating treatment consisted of negative control (healthy seed); positive control (seeds contaminated with Xoo); seed infested with biological agens; alginate 3% + 1% peat + biological agents; arabic gum 3% + 1% gypsum + biological agents; CMC 1.5% + 1% talc + biological agents; and bactericide streptomycin sulfat 20%. The coated seeds were stored an air-conditioned room (18-20 °C, RH 48-50%). The results showed that the treatments were able to maintain seeds quality during storage, i.e. germination percentage, uniformity percentage, and vigor index, better than those of the positive control. The P. diminuta A6 was still presence (0.08 x 106 cfu mL-1) in seeds coated after 7 month storage, and the B. subtilis 5/B was still presence (0.07 x 106 cfu mL-1) up to 6 month storage with 3% arabic gum + 1% gypsum + biological agents. <br /><br />Keywords: Bacillus subtilis 5/B, Pseudomonas diminuta A6, seed quality, storage space, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae<br /><br /></em><em> </em></p>
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Harari, Alexandre, Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Wolfgang Stöhr, Gonzalo Tapia, Miguel Garcia, Emmanuelle Medjitna-Rais, Séverine Burnet et al. „An HIV-1 clade C DNA prime, NYVAC boost vaccine regimen induces reliable, polyfunctional, and long-lasting T cell responses“. Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, Nr. 1 (14.01.2008): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071331.
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The EuroVacc 02 phase I trial has evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant DNA and the poxvirus vector NYVAC, both expressing a common immunogen consisting of Env, Gag, Pol, and Nef polypeptide domain from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 clade C isolate, CN54. 40 volunteers were randomized to receive DNA C or nothing on day 0 and at week 4, followed by NYVAC C at weeks 20 and 24. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were measured at weeks 26 and 28 by the quantification of T cell responses using the interferon γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Our results indicate that the DNA C plus NYVAC C vaccine regimen was highly immunogenic, as indicated by the detection of T cell responses in 90% of vaccinees and was superior to responses induced by NYVAC C alone (33% of responders). The vaccine-induced T cell responses were (a) vigorous in the case of the env response (mean 480 spot-forming units/106 mononuclear cells at weeks 26/28), (b) polyfunctional for both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, (c) broad (the average number of epitopes was 4.2 per responder), and (d) durable (T cell responses were present in 70% of vaccinees at week 72). The vaccine-induced T cell responses were strongest and most frequently directed against Env (91% of vaccines), but smaller responses against Gag-Pol-Nef were also observed in 48% of vaccinees. These results support the development of the poxvirus platform in the HIV vaccine field and the further clinical development of the DNA C plus NYVAC C vaccine regimen.
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Ostrowsky, Belinda, Emily Snavely, Sarah Kogut, Rosalie Giardina, Eleanor Adams, Elizabeth Nazarian, Kimberlee A. Musser, Ronald Jean-Denis, Jane Greenko und Emily Lutterloh. „491. Working Together: A Tale of Carbapenemase-Producing Organism Investigations in Three New York City Nursing Homes“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2510.
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Abstract Background New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and Wadsworth Center (WC) participate in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network), including identification and characterization of specific bla genes in carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Three investigations from November 2018–March 2019 illustrate the findings and challenges investigating CPO in a blaKPC endemic setting. Methods NYSDOH WC testing includes organism identification, drug susceptibility testing, detection of carbapenemase production, detection of carbapenemase genes, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). NYSDOH epidemiologic (epi) investigations of novel resistance mechanisms review demographic and exposure data, conduct contact tracing with targeted rectal screening to identify colonized persons, and assess infection control (IC) and public health (PH) practices and provide recommendations. Results NYSDOH identified three nursing home residents infected with CPO with novel carbapenemase genes (Figure 1) with no travel history but multiple co-morbidities, including mechanical ventilation: blaOXA-48Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) (Facility A), blaNDM KP (Facility B and C). Epi investigations identified CPO in 48 of 106 residents screened for rectal colonization; most isolates had genes other than the index gene. Facility A and Facility B each had no additional residents colonized with CPO with the index gene after screening; 14 and 10 residents, respectively from Facility A and B, had CPO with endemic blaKPC gene. WGS analysis identified 2 clusters of blaKPC KP within Facility A and no clusters of CPO were detected in Facility B. IC/PH recommendations were made after diagnosis at all 3 facilities; serial IC/PH assessments/recommendations and screening were needed to interrupt transmission at Facility C, where 24 residents were colonized with CPO, including 7 residents with CPO with the index gene (blaNDM), and a subset of the blaNDM isolates were related to the index case by both epi and WGS analysis. Conclusion Epi investigation and WGS were complementary to detect transmission, identify clusters within an endemic setting, and inform PH response and IC measures for these emerging CPO in NY Healthcare Facilities. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Mariotti, E., S. Di Francesco, M. De Blasi, C. Siniscalchi, M. V. Suárez, G. Campanile und B. Gasparrini. „284 FERTILIZING CAPACITY OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) SPERM CO-CULTURED WITH OVIDUCT EPITHELIAL CELLS“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, Nr. 1 (2010): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab284.
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The overall in vitro embryo production efficiency in buffalo is hampered by the poor IVF efficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the fertilizing ability of buffalo sperm is improved by the presence of bovine oviductal cells (BOEC) during IVF. Because of limited availability of buffalo oocytes, this was assessed by heterologous IVF. Bovine oviducts were obtained at a local abattoir from cows that were in the preovulatory phase of a normal estrous cycle. BOEC recovered from 5 oviducts as previously described (Gualtieri and Talevi 2000 Biol. Reprod. 62, 1754-1762) were pooled and plated in 100 μL drops of TCM-199 + 10% FCS, 100 U mL-1 penicillin, 100 μg mL-1 streptomycin and 0.25 μg mL-1 amphotericin B under mineral oil. Medium was changed every 48 h up to Day 6, when cell confluence and cilia activity were optimal. On day of IVF the medium was removed from the drops and replaced with TALP supplemented with 0.2 mM penicillamine, 0.1 mM hypotaurine, and 0.01 mM heparin (IVF medium). Frozen-thawed sperm from an IVF-tested buffalo bull, treated by Percoll gradients, were used for all IVF groups (2 × 106 sperm mL-1). In vitro-matured bovine oocytes (n = 409), over 3 replicates, were distributed in 4 fertilization groups: (A) IVF medium alone (control); (B) BOEC monolayer + IVF medium; (C) sperm preincubated for 6 h in IVF medium; and (D) sperm preincubated for 6 h with BOEC + IVF medium. After 20 h of coincubation at 38.5°C and 5% CO2 in air, putative zygotes were denuded, washed, and cultured in SOF medium. Forty-eight hours after IVF, cleavage rate was evaluated, and cleaved and uncleaved oocytes were fixed in 60% methanol and stained with DAPI for nuclei examination under fluorescence microscope. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Although cleavage rate was not different among groups (46.2, 55.8, 50.0, and 50.0% for A, B, C, and D, respectively), the monospermic penetration rate increased (P < 0.01) in group B (79.3%) compared with group A (69.6%), with intermediate values in groups C (75.2%) and D (76.0%). Interestingly, the percentage of advanced embryos (>4 cells) was higher (P < 0.01) in groups C and D (47.9 and 37.1%, respectively) than in group A (12.1%), whereas group B (21.0%) was only different from group C. We demonstrated that the fertilizing capacity of buffalo sperm, evaluated as oocyte penetration rate after heterologous IVF, is enhanced by the presence of BOEC. This suggests that IVF of buffalo oocytes on BOEC monolayer may improve the IVF efficiency in buffalo. The higher incidence of advanced embryos in both groups with preincubated sperm may be accounted for by an earlier accomplishment of capacitation, leading to anticipated oocyte penetration. However, because the penetration rate in these groups was not improved compared with the control, we hypothesize that sperm viability may have decreased and hence that shorter incubation times should be tested in further studies.
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Muraki, Yasushi, Toshio Murata, Emi Takashita, Yoko Matsuzaki, Kanetsu Sugawara und Seiji Hongo. „A Mutation on Influenza C Virus M1 Protein Affects Virion Morphology by Altering the Membrane Affinity of the Protein“. Journal of Virology 81, Nr. 16 (30.05.2007): 8766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00075-07.
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ABSTRACT Reverse genetics has been documented for influenza A, B, and Thogoto viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae. We report here the reverse genetics of influenza C virus, another member of this family. The seven viral RNA (vRNA) segments of C/Ann Arbor/1/50 were expressed in 293T cells from cloned cDNAs, together with nine influenza C virus proteins. At 48 h posttransfection, the infectious titer of the culture supernatant was determined to be 2.51 × 103 50% egg infectious doses/ml, which is lower than the number of influenza C virus-like particles (VLPs) (106/ml) generated using the same system. By generating influenza C VLPs containing a given vRNA segment, we showed that each of the vRNA segments was similarly synthesized in the plasmid-transfected cells but that some segments were less efficiently incorporated into the VLPs. This finding leads us to speculate that the differences in incorporation efficiency into VLPs between segments might be a reason for the inefficient production of infectious viruses. Second, we generated a mutant recombinant virus, rMG96A, which possesses an Ala→Thr mutation at residue 24 of the M1 protein, a substitution demonstrated to be involved in the morphology (filamentous or spherical) of the influenza C VLPs. As expected, rMG96A exhibited a spherical morphology, whereas recombinant wild-type of C/Ann Arbor/1/50, rWT, exhibited a mainly filamentous morphology. Membrane flotation analysis of the cells infected with rWT or rMG96A revealed a difference in the ratio of membrane-associated M1 proteins, suggesting that the affinity of M1 protein to the cell membrane is a determinant for virion morphology.
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Ramallo, C. J., L. D. Ploper, M. Ontivero, M. P. Filippone, A. Castagnaro und J. Díaz Ricci. „First Report of Colletotrichum acutatum on Strawberry in Northwestern Argentina“. Plant Disease 84, Nr. 6 (Juni 2000): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.6.706b.
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Isolates were obtained from strawberry tissue with anthracnose symptoms from several locations near Tucumán, Argentina. Isolates were characterized using several criteria. Isolates produced fusiform conidia, tapered to a point at both ends, and averaged 13.5 × 4.9 μm. On potato dextrose agar, colonies produced a white cottony mycelial colony that turned orange in older cultures. Compared with Colletotrichum fragariae, the new isolates produced fewer appressoria. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached leaves and plants in the greenhouse and field. Detached immature leaves of cvs. Chandler, Fern, and Sweet Charlie were inoculated with a 20-μl droplet of an aqueous conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) placed on the adaxial surface. Control leaves were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Leaves were maintained under white light (2,000 lux, 12 h/day) at 26°C, and 100% relative humidity. Necrotic spots were visible 4 days after inoculation. Greenhouse and field plants were spray-inoculated and covered for 48 h. Disease symptoms were mainly observed on petioles and runners 9 days after inoculation. No lesions were observed on control detached leaves or plants. Koch's postulates were confirmed in all cases. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, isolates were identified as C. acutatum Simmonds (1). This is the first report of C. acutatum causing strawberry anthracnose in northwestern Argentina. Reference: (1) B. Smith and L. L. Black. Plant Dis. 74:69, 1990.
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Gonzales, R., M. Rosales, F. Perea, J. Velarde, E. Soto, R. Palomares, H. Hernandez und A. T. Palasz. „98CONCEPTION RATES USING BRAHMAN BULL SEMEN FROZEN IN MILK BASED EXTENDER CONTAINING EGG YOLK OR SOYBEAN LIPIDS; A FIELD STUDY IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, Nr. 2 (2004): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab98.
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The objective of this study was to examine the substitution of soybean-origin phospholipids for egg yolk in Brahman bull semen extender. Semen was frozen in 3 different low-fat milk (1%) based extenders containing 10mgmL−1 of fructose and supplemented with: 8% of whole egg yolk (Extender 1, control), 8% rectified egg yolk (egg yolk granules were removed by double centrifugation at 3000g for 1h at 5°C; Extender 2), and 7.3mgmL−1 of phospholipids of soybean-origin containing 10% of phosphatidyl choline (Extender 3). All 3 extenders were supplemented with 1000IU of penicillin, 1mgmL−1 streptomycin and 150μgmL−1 lincomycin. The semen was collected by means of artificial vagina from 3 Brahman bulls, and AI was performed during the dry season between December and April in a tropical forest environment. The mean temperature for the region was 26–30°C, with mean rainfall of 900–1500mm/year and the relative humidity of 60–70%. Ejaculates with at least 60% motility were diluted in 2 steps as follows: in step 1, each ejaculate was split into 3 even parts and diluted at 26°C with each of the extenders containing no glycerol, and in step 2, 14% of glycerol was added in 15-minute intervals to a final glycerol concentration of 7%. Semen was aspirated into 0.5mL plastic straws (20×106 sperm/per straw), frozen 7cm above liquid nitrogen (LN2) for 8min, and then plunged into LN2. Straws were thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 30s. Each experiment was replicated 3 times (different collection days). Sperm viability was tested within artificial insemination trials. Results are based on the pregnancy rates of crossbreed Brahman cows determined by palpation 45 Days after AI and by calving rates. Data were compared by chi-square analysis. In Experiment I, a total of 157 cows were inseminated with semen collected from 3 different bulls (A, B and C) and frozen in 3 different extenders (1, 2 and 3; 3×3 factorial design). Bull A, Extender 1, 2 and 3 (n=19, 20 and 22); Bull B, Extender 1, 2 and 3 (n=20, 20 and 20) and Bull C, Extender 1, 2 and 3 (n=22, 15 and 24), respectively. Although semen from all 3 bulls frozen in Extenders 2 and 3 fostered numerically higher pregnancy rates (from 30% for Bull B and Extender 2 to 50% for Bull C and Extender 3) than in Extender 1 (from 23.5% for Bull C to 40% for Bull B), there were no differences (P<0.05) between bulls with any of 3 extenders on the pregnancy rates. In Experiment II, a total of 117 cows were inseminated with semen collected from Bull B and frozen in Extender: 1 (n=37), 2 (n=48) and 3 (n=39). There were significantly higher (P<0.05) calving rates for cows inseminated with semen frozen in Extender 2 and 3 (41.6% and 46.1%, respectively) than in Extender 1 (24.3%). It can be concluded that rectified egg yolk may improve viability of frozen semen, and that phospholipids of soybean origin can be successfully substituted for egg yolk in Brahman bull milk based semen extender. Supported by Bioniche Inc, Belleville, Ontario, Canada.
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Raza, S., KK Kundu und SK Dutta. „Prevalence of asymptomatic pharyngel carriage of B-hemolytic Group A Streptococcus pyogens among school going children of age 5-12 years in Bharatpur, Nepal“. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 2, Nr. 1 (31.05.2014): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i1.10537.
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Background: β- haemolytic Group A Streptococcus pyogens infection is a common cause of bacterial pharyngitis among children. Children are the target population for pharyngitis as well as other suppurative and non-suppurative infections.Objectives: The objectives of this study are to find out the rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogens and to study antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates.Methods: Total 106 randomly selected children between five to 12 years were included in this study. Throat swabs collected were inoculated on 5% sheep blood agar and incubated for 24-48 hours at 37°C. Identifi cation of Group A Streptococcus pyogens was done by β-haemolytic colony, Bacitracin sensitivity, Co-trimoxazole resistivity and catalase negativity. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on Muller-Hinton agar containing 5% sheep blood by modifi ed Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results were interpreted as per National Committee for the Clinical Standards Guidelines.Results: Of total 106 throat swabs Group A Streptococcus pyogens was isolated in 15 (14.15%) cases. Among the isolates seven (46.7%) were from male children whereas eight (53.3%) were from female children. Out of the 15 isolates 100% were sensitive to penicillin and its derivatives whereas 13.2%, 6.7% and 6.7% of the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol and Ciprofl oxacin respectively. Similarly Azithromycin was found to be 100% sensitive.Conclusion: Regular screening is needed to keep the GAS infection and carrier state in check as well as to prevent from further development of complications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i1.10537 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 2, No. 1, Issue 3, Jan.-Mar., 2013: 18-20
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Magalhaes, Renata Ferreira, Luiza Helena Urso Pitassi, Marizete Salvadego, Aparecida Machado Moraes, Maria Lourdes Barjas-Castro und Paulo Eduardo Ferreira Velho. „Bartonella Henselae Survives after the Storage Period of the Red Blood Cell Units.“ Blood 110, Nr. 11 (16.11.2007): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2906.2906.
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Abstract Introduction: The genus Bartonella comprises a unique group of emerging, Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria, which can cause Carrión’s disease, trench fever, cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis. Man is a reservoir host of Bartonella species. Ten to 15% of the populations in areas that are hyperendemic for Carrión’s disease are asymptomatic carriers of B. bacilliformis. In addition, positive serologic tests for B. henselae were found in 2 to 6% of Americans, 48% of Swiss, 19% of Germans, and 13.7% of Brazilians. Blood donors can be asymptomatic carrier of Bartonella spp. and the risk for transmission by transfusion should be considered. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that B. henselae remains viable in red blood cell (RBC) units at the end of the storage period. Methods: Two RBC units from healthy blood donors were collected in CPDA1 and each one split into two portions via a sterile connecting device. One bag from each split unit received experimentally B. henselae (Adolpho Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and the second one served as a control. A brain and heart infusion (BHI) suspension of B. henselae colonies (Houston 1, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, ATCC 49882T) was used to obtain equivalence with tube 10 of McFarland scale, which determined an initial suspension with approximately 3×109 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. This bacterial suspension was inoculated (0,33mL of the initial suspension) in one split RBC unit using a Sampling Site Coupler. Thus approximately 5,5×106 CFU of B. henselae were obtained per mL of RBC concentrate. All split units were stored (4 ±2°C) for 35 days. Aliquots were collected weekly using, Sample Site Coupler for, culture in dish with chocolate agar (incubated at 37°C in environment with 5% CO2), samples for blood culture bottles Bact/Alert (BioMérieux, Inc, USA) and Karnovisky medium for future evaluation by transmission electron microscopy. Results: All dishes with chocolate agar culture medium from infected units (seeded on days D0, D7, D14, D21, D28 and D35) presented growth of exuberant and mucoid colonies, after the fourth day of incubation. The electron microscopy from these samples showed typical Gram-negative cell wall in the interior of red blood cells. Samples from infected units presented negative blood culture bottles. All cultures from control units had negative results. Discussion: Bartonella ssp. is fastidious bacteria. Incubation for a short period of time and in standard medium does not allow for B. henselae growth as observed in the bottle culture of this study. Cultivation in blood-enriched media and incubation in environment with high CO2 levels of infected smears resulted positive. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that B. henselae remain viable in RBC units during the storage period, at 4±2°C. These data reinforce the possibility of infection by transfusion of blood units collected from asymptomatic blood donors. Receptors of blood transfusion many times are or may become immunocompromissed, with risk of developing severe forms of bartonelloses.
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Kope, H. H., S. F. Shamoun und C. Oleskevich. „First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. tsugense in Canada“. Plant Disease 81, Nr. 9 (September 1997): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.1095b.
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Although reports of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. occurring as a hyperparasite of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosend.) G.N. Jones subsp. tsugense) have been previously published (1), there are no collection or herbarium records to support this finding (B. Geils, personal communication). Given this ambiguity, this report is the first record of C. gloeosporioides on A. tsugense subsp. tsugense based on voucher collections deposited at the Pacific Forestry Centre (DAVFP #25277). Western hemlock dwarf mistletoe is a parasitic plant that occurs on western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), causing growth reduction, degradation of merchantable wood, and reduction in reproductive fitness of its host. Dwarf mistletoe infections result in significant reduction in volume of mature stands of T. heterophylla in coastal British Columbia (B.C.). Aside from traditional silvicultural control methods, a potentially important control includes the use of fungi deleterious to the growth of dwarf mistletoe. C. gloeosporioides has been identified as a hyperparasite of numerous Arceuthobium spp., including A.tsugense subsp. mertensiana Hawksworth & Nickrent (1). In October 1996 and May 1997, lesions were observed on shoots of A. tsugense subsp. tsugense collected from two field sites, Cowichan Lake (48°56′N, 124°23′W) and Duncan (48°45′N, 123°50′W), B.C. Acervuli containing masses of spores and dark setae were observed within lesions, and conidia from the acervuli produced pure cultures of C. gloeosporioides. The fungus was identified based on conidial and cultural characteristics (2). Conidia were cylindrical to elliptical in shape and measured 12.5 to 15.0 × 2.5 to 4.0 μm. On potato dextrose agar, colonies developed a white to patchy, dark gray mycelial mat with conidia produced in mycelia and in distinct salmon-colored masses. Colony growth occurred at 10 to 30°C, with optimum growth at 20°C, while maximum germination was observed at 30°C after 24 h, with germination occurring between 10 and 35°C. Branches with healthy mistletoe shoots were cut from western hemlock trees and placed in Hoagland's nutrient solution. A spore suspension (106 conidia per ml) was brushed onto mistletoe shoots at a rate of approximately 1 ml per replicate, with 8 to 10 replicate branches, each containing a cluster of >5 shoots. Controls were treated with sterile, distilled water and branches were incubated in the greenhouse with 55% relative humidity. The fungus was re-isolated from acervuli that developed on inoculated shoots after 14 days, and these results were repeated in a second experiment. The fungus was not isolated from the controls. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating shoots of A. tsugense subsp. tsugense and re-isolating the pathogen from symptomatic stems. C. gloeosporioides could be an important control measure for western hemlock dwarf mistletoe. References: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Weins. 1996. Agric. Handb. 709, USDA, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. (2) B. C. Sutton. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Commonw. Mycol. Inst., Kew, England.
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Palmucci, H. E., und P. E. Grijalba. „Leaf Spot and Stem Blight Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Poinsettia in Argentina“. Plant Disease 89, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2005): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1359c.
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Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Will. ex. Klotzsch) is a worldwide potted or landscape ornamental plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. During 2003 and 2004, several symptoms were observed on poinsettia potted plants in nurseries and crops near Buenos Aires. Symptoms included irregular, brown, water-soaked spots on adult plants and leaf spots that extended causing stem blight in seedlings. Small pieces of diseased tissues were surface disinfected for 2 min in 2% sodium hypochlorite, plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 22°C for 48 h. Dense, whitish mycelia developed on PDA and then turned gray when asexual structures were formed. The fungus conidia were ellipsoid, hyaline, nonseptate, and were formed on botryose heads. The pathogenicity test was carried out on 10 plants using a conidial suspension (2 × 106 spores per ml) that was sprayed on leaves with and without injuries. All plants were incubated in a moist chamber at 22 ± 2°C for 48 h and then maintained in a greenhouse. After 3 days, symptoms similar to the original were observed on the inoculated plants. Control plants sprayed with distilled water remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were confirmed by reisolating the same fungus from diseased plants. In accordance with conidial and cultural characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing leaf spot and stem rot on poinsettia in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Reference: (1) M. V. Ellis and J. M. Waller. No. 431 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1974.
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Islam, MM, KKI Khalil, MA Islam, KM Sujan, A. Mustari und MA Miah. „Effects of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel on growth performance and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler chickens“. Bangladesh Veterinarian 36, Nr. 1-2 (31.12.2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v36i1-2.55747.
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The study was designed to assess the effects of aloe vera gel (AVG) on broiler growth performance and haemato-biochemical changes. “Lohman” day-old broiler chicks (n=48) were reared for 28 days. At day 13, chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups (12/group). Group A was non-treated control. Group B was supplemented with antibiotic (oxytetracycline hydrochloride) as a growth promoter in water. Group C and D were supplied AVG (1% and 2%) in drinking water. Antibiotic and AVG treated broilers had higher (P<0.05) live weight (1803.8 ± 63.6 gm and 1800.00 ± 64.2 gm) than control (1607.5 ± 41.7 gm). Total erythrocyte count (3.6 ± 0.1 x 106/uL), haemoglobin (9.9 ± 0.1 gm%) and packed cell volume (35.2 ± 0.4 %) were higher (P<0.05) in treated groups. It is suggested that the aloe vera gel supplementation (1-2%) may be used as an alternative to antibiotics for better growth performance in broilers without deleterious effects on haematobiochemical profiles. The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 25-32
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Zhang, C. Q., und B. C. Xu. „First Report of Canker on Pecan (Carya cathayensis) Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in China“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0457.
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In the late 1990s, sporadic occurrence of Botryosphaeria canker on Carya cathayensis was recorded in Zhejiang Province, China. From 2005 to 2009, nearly 90% of orchards in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces were seriously affected by this disease. Symptoms were similar to those of canker of C. illinoinensis (2); small, elliptical lesions that developed on the bark at points of infection and then enlarged to form large, sunken, elongated cankers. The cankers coalesced, forming large diffuse areas of blighted tissue, which turned black. Tissue samples from the margin of trunk lesions from 35 different diseased trees from five counties were surface sterilized with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 1 week. Gray-black mycelia and colorless, aseptate, thin-walled conidia, 17.3 ± 0.8 long and 4.5 ± 0.5 μm wide, were produced. On the basis of these morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 from DNA extracted from mycelium produced on PDA and was recorded as GenBank Accession Nos. HQ731442 and HQ731443. The results of BLAST showed that it had more than 98% similarity to records for B. dothidea. Uninfected twigs and stems of C. cathayensis were wounded with a scalpel and then sprayed with a conidia suspension of 106 conidia per ml in distilled water as inoculum or distilled water only to provide an noninoculated control, wrapped in plastic bags to retain moisture, and incubated for 48 h. For each isolate, five twigs and stems per tree and a total of 10 trees were inoculated. After 2 weeks, 14 of 15 isolates caused lesions on inoculated stems and twigs, whereas no symptoms developed on the noninoculated controls. Cultures isolated from lesions and cultured on PDA exhibited morphological characteristics identical to those of B. dothidea, confirming completion of Koch's postulates. Currently, the distribution of Botryosphaeria canker of C. cathayensis is confined to Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. The identification of the pathogen now allows for appropriate forest management measures. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Botryosphaeria canker of pecan (C. cathayensis) in China. References: (1) S. Denman et al. Stud. Mycol. 45:129, 2000. (2) W. A. Sinclair and H. H. Lyon. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2005.
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Kay, Neil E., Ann K. Strege, Tait D. Shanafelt, Nancy D. Bone und Yean K. Lee. „CLL B Cell Interaction with Bone Biopsy Generated Marrow Stromal Elements Enhances Their Apoptosis Resistance in Association with an Angiogenic Switch.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1914.1914.
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Abstract CLL B cells have significant opportunity to interact with multiple tissue sites that are critical to the leukemic cell’s ability to survive. The marrow stromal elements (MSE) in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are very likely one of the most frequently involved in this important cell-cell interaction. We have utilized a novel bone marrow biopsy technique (Alvi S, Leuk Res, 2001) that consistently generates robust and long-lived marrow stromal elements from B-CLL patients in order to study CLL B cell apoptosis status in relation to angiogenic factors. The latter angiogenic parameters were studied as we have previously detected both a VEGF based autocrine pathway for CLL B cells and found an extensive neovascularization in CLL marrows. Bone biopsy material from B-CLL patients (N=25) yielded active cell growth in vitro which expresses the features of marrow stromal constituents. Importantly, these marrow constituents were able to be sustained for several months (range, 3 – 52 weeks) and also could be transferred repetitively to new culture dishes. CLL B cells were able to spontaneously release VEGF and TSP-1 as we have previously published (Kay N, Leukemia, 2002). MSE from CLL marrow (N=5) were found to spontaneously secrete basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) 5.2 ± 0.9 pg/ml (mean ± one SEM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 162 ± 48 pg/ml and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) 90 ± 26 ng/ml into the culture medium. Significant reduction in CLL B cell spontaneous apoptosis,measured by Annexin/PI incorporation (mean ± one SEM), was seen after exposure to the CLL MSE (N=6) both after 24 hours (i.e., Non exposed CLL B cells vs. MSE co-cultured CLL B cells was 70% ± 9 vs. 39% ± 10 respectively for 24 hours, p < 0.01) and 72 hrs (data not shown). Exposure to MSE also enhanced the in vitro drug resistance of CLL B cells to chlorambucil (C). Thus, for CLL B cells (n=5) cultured with CLL MSE and C (1μM) for 24 hours, apoptosis levels were reduced from 58.8% ± 7.8 for B cells without MSE compared to 39.8% ± 3.8 for B cells exposed to MSE. Apoptosis resistance enhancement for CLL B cells was found to be similar with normal marrow stromal elements and a stromal cell line (HS-5). Anti-apoptotic proteins detected by immunoblot were found to increase for CLL B cells exposed to stromal elements from bone marrow biopsies and included Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Survivin and XIAP. While Mcl-1 was found to increase, there was a decrease in Bcl-2 and Survivin detected by immunoblot when CLL B cells were exposed to the HS-5 cell line implying a different mechanism for apoptosis enhancement. When CLL B cells were added to CLL MSE for 24 hours, there was an increase in VEGF released into the culture medium (283 pg ± 114 for the co-culture vs. 14 pg ± 1.7 and 162 pg ± 48.8 for CLL B cells and MSE cultured alone respectively). In contrast co-culture of CLL B cells with MSE (24 hours) resulted in less TSP-1 in the culture medium than expected (106 ng ± 28.8 for co-cultured CLL and MSE cells vs. 89.5 ng ± 27.5 and 90.9 ng ± 26.4 for CLL B cells and MSE cultured alone respectively). This change in the ratio of pro- to anti-angiogenic factors favoring VEGF strongly suggests that CLL B cell interaction with stroma can facilitate an angiogenic switch and may be linked to disease progression. In addition, we have found that bone biopsies from B-CLL patients can generate long-term marrow stromal elements that are able to reliably enhance CLL B cell apoptosis resistance.
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Farias, Christyan Paiva, Flávia Machado Croisfelt und Milla Alves Baffi. „Qualidade microbiológica do leite cru in natura, leite cru refrigerado e leite pasteurizado comercializados na região de Uberlândia, MG“. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 9, Nr. 4 (23.11.2014): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v9i4.3002.
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Neste trabalho investigou-se a qualidade microbiológica do leite proveniente de três diferentes fornecedores (duas propriedades rurais e um laticínio de Uberlândia-MG). Foram realizadas estimativas do número de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas por Contagem Padrão em Placas (CPP) em meio PCA (Agar Padrão para Contagem) a 30 oC e do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais em Caldo Lactosado (Teste Presuntivo) a 35 oC por 48 h. Após esse período, as amostras positivas (turbidez no meio e produção de gás) foram inoculadas em Caldo Verde Bile Brilhante (VBB, Teste Confirmativo) a 35 oC por 48 h e em Caldo EC a 45 oC por 24 h (Teste Completo) para estimar o NMP de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, respectivamente. Os valores médios de mesófilos encontrados nas amostras dos fornecedores A, B e C foram: 1,28 x 108; 2,45 x 106 e 0 (zero) Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por mililitro (UFC mL-1), respectivamente. Para coliformes totais, os valores médios foram: >2400, >100 e 0 (zero) NMP mL-1, e, para coliformes termotolerantes foram 1100, 7 e 0 (zero) NMP mL-1, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram que nas duas propriedades os valores foram acima dos permitidos por lei, reforçando a relevância dos cuidados com as condições higiênico-sanitárias do local. O presente estudo também mostrou a importância do processo de pasteurização para assegurar a qualidade microbiológica do leite.
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Norouzi, Roghayeh, Abolghasem Siadatpanah, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Ruhollah Fateh, Mohammad Khalifeh Gholi und Seyyed Jafar Adnani Sadati. „Evaluation of Antileishmania Effect of Methanolic Extract of Dandelion Root (Taraxacum Officinale) on Leishmanaia Major Promastigotes in Vitro Techniques“. Qom Univ Med Sci J 15, Nr. 9 (01.12.2021): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.9.377.2.
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Background and Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the common diseases between humans and animals that is considered a health problem in Iran and many countries around the world. Currently, glucantime is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Due to its high side effects and resistance, the use of alternative therapies, especially plants and natural compounds, has been highly recommended by researchers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the methanolic extract of dandelion root (Taraxacum officinale) on Leishmania major in vitro techniques. Methods: In this experimental study, the extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method and to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of dandelion root on L. major parasite at concentrations of 300-1200 mg/ml. Amphotericin B and distilled water were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. Then, 106 live parasites were added to all tubes, and all groups were kept at 25 ±1 °C. At 24, 48, and 72 hours, the number of live parasites was counted by Trypan Blue using a neobar slide and light microscope (Hemocytometer method). Then Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for the above extract was calculated using SigmaPlot™ 13 software. All steps of the experiment were done in triplicate and the results were considered as average. Results: The IC50 content of methanolic extract of dandelion roots after 24, 48, and 72 hours on L. major were calculated to be 1.04, 0.9, and 0.68 µg/ml. The highest growth inhibition (100%) was observed at a concentration of 1200 μg/ml after 72 hours of exposure. There was a significant difference between the IC50 extract and amphotericin B drug after 24, 48 and 72 hours (P<0.05). Conclusion: Methanolic extract of dandelion root in different concentrations has an inhibitory effect on the growth of L. major and it is suggested that more and more complete studies be performed on the components of this plant and the lethal effect of the parasite in vivo.
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Palmucci, H. E., und E. R. Wright. „Occurrence of Botrytis cinerea on Pelargonium spp. in Argentina“. Plant Disease 90, Nr. 8 (August 2006): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1107c.
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Pelargonium spp. are perennial ornamental plants used as potted plants or bedding plants in gardens. During the spring and summer of 2003, symptoms of an unknown disease appeared on florists' geranium (Pelargonium inquinans (L.) L'Herit) and ivy geranium (P. peltatum (L.) L'Herit.) adult plants growing in gardens in the suburbs of Buenos Aires. Flowers showed small, water-soaked spots that expanded and eventually blighted the petals. Brown, circular to irregular, water-soaked spots developed in leaves and advanced into the peduncules. A fungus was isolated from diseased leaf tissue on potato dextrose agar after surface disinfestations in 2% NaOCl for 2 min. Pure cultures formed a whitish, dense mycelial mat and turned gray after 72 h. Conidia were ellipsoid, hyaline, nonseptate, and were formed on botryose heads with an average size of 8.6 × 10.2 μm. Black, round, and irregular sclerotia developed on 7-day-old cultures with an average size of 1.1 × 1.7 mm. Morphological characteristics agree with those described for B. cinerea Pers.:Fr (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted. Five 3-month-old plants of each host were spray inoculated with a conidial suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml). Three controls of each host were sprayed with sterile distilled water. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h and incubated at 20 ± 2°C with natural light for 15 days. Lesions similar to those observed in natural infection developed after 4 days. B. cinerea was reisolated from lesions, thus completing Koch's postulates. Controls remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing a disease on Pelargonium. spp. in Argentina. Reference: (1) M. V. Ellis and J. M. Waller. No. 431 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI. Kew, Surrey, UK, 1974.
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Malinowski, Konrad, Michał Ebisz, Robert F. LaPrade und Marcin Mostowy. „Platelet-Rich Plasma in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quadriceps Tendon Bone Reconstruction—Impact of PRP Administration on Pain, Range of Motion Restoration, Knee Stability, Tibial Tunnel Widening and Functional Results“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (28.04.2021): 3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093993.
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Background: Using Platetet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been suggested to improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of PRP administration on pain, range of motion (ROM) restoration and the functional results of ACLR performed with quadriceps tendon bone (QTB) autografts. Methods: A total of 106 patients were included in this multicenter study. Fifty-two patients underwent single-bundle QTB ACLR and 54 patients underwent the same procedure with additional PRP administration. Results: Mean time of need for on-demand analgesia was 8 days in the PRP group and 11 days in no-PRP group. Symmetric full extension was restored in a mean of 40 days in the PRP group and 53 days in the no-PRP group. Ninety degrees of flexion was restored at a mean of 21 days in the PRP group and 25 days in the no-PRP group. At 18 months postoperatively, the mean side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation with the use of an arthrometer (Rolimeter, Aircast Europa) was 1.3 mm in the PRP group vs. 2.7 mm in the no-PRP group. Mean tibial tunnel widening was 1.4 mm in the PRP group vs. 2.1 mm in the no-PRP group. The mean score in the pain section of the KOOS scale was 93 in the PRP group vs. 89 in the no-PRP group. For the IKDC scale, 53 patients in the PRP group graded A or B and 1 patient graded C. In the no-PRP group, 48 patients graded A or B and 4 patients graded C or D. Conclusions: The use of PRP in QTB ACLR may decrease the need for on-demand analgesia and accelerate ROM restoration as well as improve knee stability, lessen the extent of tibial tunnel widening and potentially diminish pain at 18 months postoperatively. Further studies will be needed to confirm all authors’ conclusions.
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M Abu Darwish, Moayad, Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini, Hassan I. Sheikh und Laith A. Abdul Razzak. „The Efficacy of Nile Tilapia Vaccination by Formalin killed Streptococcus agalactiae Encapsulated in Alginate Microcapsules“. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 20, Nr. 1 (08.02.2024): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n1.3187.
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Nile tilapia is one of the major farmed fish that is often infected with Streptococcus. Oral vaccination is the most preferable technique, but the antigen is usually degraded by gastric juice. Encapsulation by alginate could be effective in protecting the antigen. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of vaccinating Nile tilapia using formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae encapsulated in alginate. The average diameter of fabricated microcapsules was 500±20 μm, with 86% encapsulation efficacy. Fish were then divided into four groups (30 fish per group): group A: fish vaccinated by alginate microcapsules covered by formalin-killed cells (FKC), group B: fish vaccinated by non-covered FKC, group C: fish fed with empty alginate microcapsules and group D: fish feed with commercial pellets as control group. All groups were treated for 14 days and then fed with commercial pellets. Blood samples were collected on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-vaccination. Bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity and serum antibody titer were significantly elevated in group A (p<0.001) compared to other treated groups. Then, gene expression analysis was performed at 29 days post-vaccination to evaluate the expression of main immune contributors such IgM, IgT, TCR β, CD4, CD8α, IL 1β, IL 8, IFN 1, and TNFα. The analysis showed significant upregulation of all tested genes in group A compared to other treated groups (p<0.001). Lastly, a challenge test was done on day 30 post-vaccination by injecting 4.6×106 CFU mL−1 of virulent S. agalactiae. The relative percent of survival (RPS) were 92± 2%, 48± 5% and 4± 3% for groups A, B and C respectively. The obtained result indicated that alginate encapsulation provided antigen protection due to its higher immunogenicity compared to non-covered vaccine. Hence, the fabricated vaccine could be incorporated with food and orally administered to Nile tilapia to prevent S. agalactiae infection.
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Calixto, Rodolfo, Fabiana Ostronoff, Mauricio Ostronoff, Alexandre Sucupira, Djenane Manso, ANA Patricia Souto Maior, Rodrigo Florencio, Monique Martins, Luis Fabio Botelho und Mariana Coutinho. „Primed-GCSF BMT After Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) In Association with Rituximab for Patients (pts) with Refractory CD20+ Aggressive Lymphomas..“ Blood 116, Nr. 21 (19.11.2010): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1313.1313.
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Abstract Abstract 1313 Auto-SCT for pts with refractory aggressive lymphomas is often not effective and most pts die of progression of disease. RIC has been used to treat these pts, but there is still a high relapse rate especially within the first year after the transplant. Administration of Rituximab during the first year of allo-BMT may help avoid relapse in the first year while allowing sufficient time for optimal GVL effect. Primed-GCSF BMT has shown to accelerate the neutrophil recovery and decrease the incidence of chronic GVHD when compared to PPBSCT without affecting the graft-versus-lymphoma (GVL) effect. From June/2005 to February/2010, 15 pts with aggressive CD20+ lymphomas, 12 of which with chemotherapy-refractory disease and 3 early relapses (less than 6 months after completing chemotherapy) underwent primed-GCSF BMT in association with Rituximab at our center. All pts had extensive disease at the time of transplant. The median age was 48 years (16 ..C 58 yrs), 9 were male. Histology included: 12 pts with DLBCL, 2 mantle zones and 1Richter syndrome. Initial staging included: stage II-B (4 cases), II-EB (3 cases), III-B (5 cases) and IV-B (3 cases). IPI score was low-intermediate in 2 pts, high-intermediate in 7 and high in 6. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 18 months (8 ..C 34 mo). Eleven pts had been treated with chemotherapy regimen containing Rituximab prior to transplant, 6 of which were refractory to the treatment. Prior to transplant, 40% of the pts had been treated with 2 chemotherapy regimens prior to respond and 60% had been treated with 3 or more. Ten pts had received prior radiation therapy and all pts with bulky disease were previously irradiated. The pts were not eligible for myeloablative regimens due to age greater than 50 years (4 cases), serious infections during previous chemotherapies (4 cases), poor performance status with ECOG>=2 (7 cases). There were 3 pts who had chemo-sensitive disease and they all underwent auto-SCT with cyclophosfamide, etoposide and carmustin regimen 30 days prior to the allogeneic transplant. The protocol was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from each pt and donor and or their guardians. Conditioning regimen consisted of Busulfan 4mg/kg/day (D-6 and D-5) and Fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day (from D-4 to D-2) and Cyclophophamide 350mg/m2/day (D-4 to D-2). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CSA 5mg/kg/day orally from day -1 to day +120 and MMF 45mg/kg/day orally until day +30. The donors received G-CSF 5 μg/kg/d subcutaneously for five days (day ..C4 to day 0) prior to harvest the bone marrow. The median CD34+, CD3+ and CD8+ cell count infused were respectively 3.6×106 cells/kg (1.7 - 8.2 × 106), 37 × 106 (28 ..C 57 × 106) and 13 × 106 cells/kg (5 - 29 × 106). All pts received GCSF 10 micrograms/kg/day SC from day zero until neutrophil engraftment. The median time for neutrophil and platelet to recover was respectively 6 days (3 - 12) and 5 days (2 - 11). All pts had complete chimerism on day +30 and there were no graft rejections. Rituximab 375mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks was administered for a total of 4 cycles (12 doses); the cycles started on days +60, +180, +300 after the allo-BMT. Three pts developed mild infusion reaction (tremor and rash). The hematological toxicity was low; grade II neutropenia occurred in 4/15 pts (27%) which was seen only after the forth dose of the cycle and lasted few days. One pt had CMV reactivation which was treated with Gancyclovir. Treatment related mortality at D+365 after the allo-BMT was 27%; three pts died of acute GVHD on D+45, D+78 and D+129 and one pt died of chronic GVHD of the lung on D+211. Grade ≥ II acute GVHD occurred in 7/15 pts (47%) and grade III-IV in 3/15 pts (20%). Extensive chronic GVHD occurred in 2/15 pts (13%). There were 7 deaths (47%); causes of death included acute GVHD in 3 pts, pulmonary GVHD in 1 pt and relapse in 3 pts at 6, 9 and 17 months after the allo-BMT. Disease free survival was 53% with median follow up of 31 months (6 - 48). Primed-BMT after RIC for patients with aggressive CD20+ lymphomas with chemo and/or radiotherapy refractory disease may be a potential treatment, offering lower toxicity, rapid neutrophil engraftment and low incidence of chronic GVHD and without affecting the GVL effect. Rituximab is well tolerated. The efficacy of this association (RIC + Rituximab) warrants further investigation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Alcaráz, L., M. Hidalgo, M. J. Galvez, D. Acha, I. Ortiz, S. Demyda-Peyrás, C. Gonzales et al. „Erratum to: 56 SINGLE LAYER CENTRIFUGATION THROUGH PURESPERM® 80 IMPROVES QUALITY OF CRYOPRESERVED DOG SPERMATOZOA“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, Nr. 1 (2013): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab56.
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Density gradient centrifugation with PureSperm® (PureSperm® 40 + PureSperm® 80; Nidacon International, Mölndal, Sweden) has been satisfactorily used to enhance the quality of dog semen samples; however, no studies have been performed on the effect of single layer centrifugation (SLC) with PureSperm® on frozen–thawed dog semen. The aim of this study was to investigate if SLC with PureSperm® 80 can improve the post-thaw semen quality of dog. Semen from 5 dogs was collected by digital manipulation. Two ejaculates from each dog were centrifuged with Tris-based extender, supernatant was removed, and sperm pellet was suspended to a final concentration of 300–400 × 106 sperm mL–1 with CaniPROTM Freeze A plus 20% egg yolk at 22°C. Extended semen was cooled to 5°C within an hour and then diluted to a final concentration of 150–200 × 106 sperm mL–1 in CaniPROTM Freeze B plus 20% egg yolk at 5°C, loaded in 0.5-mL plastic straws and frozen horizontally in ranks placed 4 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen vapors for 10 min, after which they were directly placed in liquid nitrogen. After 24 to 48 h of storage, straws were thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 s. After thawing, semen samples were divided in 2 aliquots: one of them was used as control and the other one was processed by SLC PureSperm® 80. Assessment of sperm motility (assessed by computerized-assisted semen analysis), morphology (Diff-Quick staining), and viability [triple fluorescent stain of propidium iodine/isothiocyanate-labeled peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin/Rhodamine 123] were evaluated in control and treated semen samples. Data were studied by ANOVA. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant (P < 0.001) differences were found between SLC-treated and control semen for sperm motility (percentage of total motile spermatozoa: 93.65 ± 0.05 v. 83.79 ± 0.13; percentage of progressive motile spermatozoa: 79.38 ± 6.66 v. 54.61 ± 16.11), morphology (86.45 ± 0.01 v. 83.51 ± 0.01), and viability (percentage of viable sperm with an intact acrosome: 58.32 ± 0.04 v. 36.50 ± 0.17; percentage of viable sperm with an acrosome reaction: 2.81 ± 0.01 v. 9.74 ± 0.21). Based on our results, we can conclude that SLC with PureSperm® 80 is an alternative and successful method for improving the quality of frozen–thawed dog spermatozoa, selecting good-quality spermatozoa (motile, morphologically normal, viable, and acrosome intact spermatozoa) from the rest of the semen sample.
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Quispe Gutierrez, Ulises Sandro, Teodosio Huanca Mamani und Luis Vicente Olivera Marocho. „INFLUENCIA DE LAS HORMONAS FOLÍCULO ESTIMULANTE, LUTEINIZANTE Y GONADOTROPINA CORIÓNICA EQUINA EN LA MADURACIÓN IN VITRO DE OVOCITOS Y CLIVAJE DE EMBRIONES DE ALPACA“. Revista de Investigaciones 8, Nr. 1 (29.03.2019): 974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26788/riepg.v8i1.774.
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La producción de embriones in vitro de alpacas está aún en etapas iniciales. El objetivo fue evaluar la influencia de hormonas folículo estimulante (FSH), luteinizante (LH) y gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG) en la maduración in vitro de ovocitos y clivaje de embriones de alpacas. Realizado en el Laboratorio de Fertilización in vitro del CIP Quimsachata, Estación Experimental ILLPA Puno. Los ovocitos se recuperaron de ovarios de alpaca faenadas, los de categoría A y B fueron madurados en medio TCM – 199 (Incubadora a 6.1% de CO2; 5% de O2; 38.5 °C con alta humedad), en grupos de tratamientos (T) suplementados con gonadotropinas, T1: eCG 15 UI mL-1 sin FSH y LH; T2: FSH 0.25 μg mL -1 + LH 2.5 μg mL -1 sin eCG; T3: FSH 0.25 μg mL -1 + LH 2.5 μg mL -1 + eCG 15 UI mL-1, durante 36 h, luego, fertilizados con 2 μL de semen (4 x 106 espermatozoides mL-1) en medio Fertil TALP por 12 h y cultivados en medio SOF por 48 h. Se obtuvo mayor porcentaje (P ≤ 0.05) de ovocitos en metafase II: 46.9% en T3, 41.0% en T2 versus T1. Se encontró mayor tasa (P ≤ 0.05) de clivaje (2 a 8 células a 48 h de cultivo): 22.4% en T3, 17.8% en T2 en comparación con T1. Se concluye que las gonadotropinas FSH, LH afectan positivamente la maduración de ovocitos in vitro repercutiendo en el clivaje de embriones de alpacas.
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Cirvilleri, G., A. Bonaccorsi, A. Vitale, I. Castello, G. Polizzi und S. Stefani. „First Report of Leaf Spot and Blight of Strelitzia reginae Caused by Burkholderia gladioli in Italy“. Plant Disease 90, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2006): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1553b.
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During the summer of 2005, a new disease of bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae Aiton) was observed on young seedlings (2 to 3 months old) in a nursery located in Giarre (Catania) in eastern Sicily. Symptoms included brown, water-soaked leaf spots that first appeared after seedling emergence and then gradually enlarged and became necrotic. Occasionally, during wet conditions, seedlings were completely blighted, resulting in total loss. The disease was observed on 10% of the 3,000 plants present in one nursery. A single bacterial colony was consistently isolated on King's medium B (KB) supplemented with 0.01% cycloeximide from surface-sterilized, brownish lesions and water-soaked leaf tissues. The isolates were purified on nutrient agar (NA). Three bacterial strains isolated from three different symptomatic plants were used for pathogenicity and identification tests on S. reginae plants. Five plants were inoculated per bacterial strain by spraying the leaves with a buffer phosphate suspension (0.1 M) at 106 CFU/ml prepared from KB plates incubated for 24 h at 28°C and wounding the leaves (four wounds per leaf) with a sterile needle. The same number of noninoculated plants was used as control. All plants were covered with plastic bags and maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 1°C with 95 to 100% relative humidity until symptoms occurred 3 to 4 days later. All three bacterial strains tested were virulent and caused symptoms identical to those observed in the nursery. No symptoms were observed in control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by the reisolation of the three strains from inoculated plants. The strains were gram-negative, aerobic rods, grew aerobically, were white and nonmucoid on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar, nonfluorescent on KB, produced diffusible nonfluorescent pigment on KB, and were oxidase and urease negative. All strains utilized glucose, arabinose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, gluconate, caprate, malate, citrate, and phenyl acetate and none of the strains produced indole or acidified glucose. Using the API 20NE test strips (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) incubated at 28°C for 24 to 48 h, all strains were initially identified as Burkholderia cepacia. On the basis of the nutrient profiles revealed by the BIOLOG system (Microlog System Release 4.2, Hayward, CA), the strains were identified as B. gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993. The index of probability was 100% and the index of similarity was 0.75%. For molecular identification of strains, 16S rDNA was amplified by using species-specific primers Eub-16-1 and Gl-16-2457, obtaining a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of 463 bp (1). PCR analysis indicated that the strains belong to B. gladioli. Other bacteria have been previously reported in Italy as pathogens of Strelitzia spp. (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first outbreak of leaf spot and blight caused by B. gladioli on S. reginae. References: (1) A. Bauernfeind et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:1335, 1999. (2) P. Bella et al. J. Plant Pathol. 82:159, 2000; (3) G. Polizzi et al. Plant Dis. 89:1010, 2005.
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Becker, F., W. Kanitz, G. Nurnberg und D. Rath. „25 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ENABLES HIGH FERTILIZATION RATES IN NORMAL CYCLING AND IN SUPEROVULATED CATTLE WITH REDUCED DOSAGES OF UNSORTED SPERMATOZOA AND WITH SEXED SPERMATOZOA“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, Nr. 1 (2013): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab25.
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Different factors determine the effectiveness of the use of sires in AI. Most important factors are the number of inseminated spermatozoa, the quality of spermatozoa, and the time of insemination. Especially in superovulated animals, the insemination scheme plays in important role to cover the whole ovulation period. The influence of 3 different dosages of spermatozoa (15 × 106, 5 × 106, and 1 × 106) on fertilization rate was examined in experiment A. In experiment B, one dosage of female and male spermatozoa of 3 different bulls was used for timed AI in 31 heifers. Timed AI in normal-cycling cattle [13 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) application] with detected corpus luteum (Days 8 to 13 of cycle) was carried out after induction of luteolysis and induction of ovulation [GnRH application 60 h after prostaglandin F2α (PGF2) application]. Embryos and oocytes were flushed from the oviduct of 116 hemicastrated or slaughtered heifers on Day 4 after insemination. The ovulation rate in heifers was 95.4%. Eighty percent of the oocytes or embryos were recovered. The influence of the factors sire, ejaculate, and dosage were tested by GLM analyses of SAS® (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). There was no significant difference in the fertilization rate (93.3, 96.2, and 78.8%) and in the proportion of normally developed embryos (84.6, 80.7, and 75.8%) between groups. Significant differences were found in the mean number of accessory sperms/embryo and in the proportion of embryos with >10 accessory sperms/embryo or without accessory sperms; however, the proportion of intact embryos was similar. Using sexed semen in experiment B, similar results were obtained after flushing of the oviducts on Day 4 after insemination of hemicastrated or slaughtered animals. In total, an ovulation rate of 91.7%, a recovery rate of 70%, and a fertilization rate of 86.8% were obtained. There were no differences between female- and male-sorted spermatozoa and the control group. In experiment C, altogether 13 heifers were treated 8 times with FSH for 4 days starting between Day 8 to 12 of estrous cycle. Prostaglandin F2α was given 48 and 60 h after the first FSH injection. Insemination with sexed semen (n = 5 heifers) and with unsorted semen (n = 8; 15 × 106 and 1 × 106) was done at 55 and 71 h after induction of luteolysis. Flushing of the uterus was performed on Day 7. Using the time-oriented insemination after superovulation of animals, fertilization rates varied between 65 and 85%. There was no difference between groups regarding the number of transferable embryos (5.5, 4.9, and 4.8). The results demonstrate that the application of an approved insemination schedule may accomplish high fertilization rates after insemination with sexed or reduced dosages of spermatozoa in normal-cycling as well as superovulated cattle.
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Gerdts, Volker, Jörg Beyer, Béla Lomniczi und Thomas C. Mettenleiter. „Pseudorabies Virus Expressing Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein B Exhibits Altered Neurotropism and Increased Neurovirulence“. Journal of Virology 74, Nr. 2 (15.01.2000): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.2.817-827.2000.
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ABSTRACT Herpesvirus glycoproteins play dominant roles in the initiation of infection of target cells in culture and thus may also influence viral tropism in vivo. Whereas the relative contribution of several nonessential glycoproteins to neurovirulence and neurotropism ofPseudorabies virus (PrV), an alphaherpesvirus which causes Aujeszky's disease in pigs, has recently been uncovered in studies using viral deletion mutants, the importance of essential glycoproteins is more difficult to assess. We isolated an infectious PrV mutant, PrV-9112C2, which lacks the gene encoding the essential PrV glycoprotein B (gB) but stably carries in its genome and expresses the homologous gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) (A. Kopp and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 66:2754–2762, 1992). Apart from exhibiting a slight delay in penetration kinetics, PrV-9112C2 was similar in its growth characteristics in cell culture to wild-type PrV. To analyze the effect of the exchange of these homologous glycoproteins in PrV's natural host, swine, 4-week-old piglets were intranasally infected with 106 PFU of either wild-type PrV strain Kaplan (PrV-Ka), PrV-9112C2, or PrV-9112C2R, in which the PrV gB gene was reinserted instead of the BHV-1 gB gene. Animals infected with PrV-Ka and PrV-9112C2R showed a similar course of disease, i.e., high fever, marked respiratory symptoms but minimal neurological disorders, and excretion of high amounts of virus. All animals survived the infection. In contrast, animals infected with PrV-9112C2 showed no respiratory symptoms and developed only mild fever. However, on day 5 after infection, all piglets developed severe central nervous system (CNS) symptoms leading to death within 48 to 72 h. Detailed histological analyses showed that PrV-9112C2R infected all regions of the nasal mucosa and subsequently spread to the CNS preferentially by the trigeminal route. In contrast, PrV-9112C2 primarily infected the olfactory epithelium and spread via the olfactory route. In the CNS, more viral antigen and significantly more pronounced histological changes resulting in more severe encephalitis were found after PrV-9112C2 infection. Thus, our results demonstrate that replacement of PrV gB by the homologous BHV-1 glycoprotein resulted in a dramatic increase in neurovirulence combined with an alteration in the route of neuroinvasion, indicating that the essential gB is involved in determining neurotropism and neurovirulence of PrV.
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Li, Jun, Liyun Yang, Xingbing Wang, Lei Xue, Rong Jin, Dan Liu, Tao Wang, Yulian Gao, Hongxing Ai und Jing Lei. „A study of a new mechanism: Intracellular retention allo-CART safety and efficacy for extranodal bulky B-NHL.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, Nr. 16_suppl (01.06.2024): e19007-e19007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e19007.
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e19007 Background: Extranodal bulky lesions, a significant adverse prognostic factor in lymphoma, commonly denote a more aggressive disease course, mandating prompt and intensified treatment strategies. In response, we developed ThisCART19A, a non-genetic editing and off-the-shelf anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy incorporating intracellular retention of membrane proteins, representing a novel approach that downregulates surface expression of TCRαβ/CD3 complexes. ThisCART19 has exhibited a favorable safety profile and promising efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory bulky B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated trial employing an open-label, dose escalation, and expansion design to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ThisCART19A in patients with relapsed or refractory bulky B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Bulky disease was defined as the longest diameter of the mass >5 cm at baseline. Results: Between June, 2021, and June, 2023, 13 extranodal bulky disease were enrolled in the studies and successfully received ThisCART19A. The median age was 56 (range, 37~67) years. All 13 patients had 3 median prior lines of therapy (range, 2-5). All patients received anti-CD20 and multi- agent chemotherapy. 8 (61.54%) patients had prior auto CART. mSPD was 48 (range, 16~162) cm². mTMTV was 114.9 (range, 14~483) ml. As of February 2024, The most common adverse events were CRS (100%) , infections (30.77%), ICANS (23.08%) and cytopenias(100%); This is no grade 3 or higher CRS occurred;only 1(7.69%)patient experienced grade 4 ICANS and relieved after intravenous dexamethasone treatment. This is no treatment-related deaths occurred. Among the 13 patients, 10 were evaluable, with an ORR and CR of 90% and 80%, respectively, at 28 days post-infusion. mPFS was 62 days (range, 28~227). The patient who achieved a PR received chemotherapy and radiotherapy as consolidation, As of February 5th, 2024, the patient has survived for 263 days and is still under follow-up. Additionally, two patients progressed after CR received sequential chemotherapy and BCL-2 Inhibitor, with an average OS of 326.5 days, still being under follow-up. In 13 evaluable patients, the mean C-max was 1043.13 cells/μL(range, 0.59~10045.4), and the mean AUC0-28d was 1542.23 cells/μL × day(range, 0.91~11724).In this cohort, two patients received low-dose infusions at 1×106 cells/kg and still achieved excellent expansion, the respective C-max were 726.432 cells/μL and 336.67 cells/μL. Conclusions: This CART19A exhibited favorable safety, remarkable expansion potential, and efficacy profiles in the treatment of r/r bulky lymphoma. Notably, it achieved a high ORR of 90%, providing a favorable window of opportunity for subsequent consolidation and intensification treatments. Moreover, this transition from a bulky to a non-bulky disease state reduces the intricacy of follow-up treatments. Clinical trial information: NCT04384393 .
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Al-Ali, Haifa Kathrin, Song-Yau Wang, Nadja Jaekel, Anne Koehler, Rainer Krahl, Karolin Hubert, Thoralf Lange et al. „The Prognostic Impact of the Mutational Profile in Patients with Myelofibrosis in the Era of the JAK1/JAK2-Inhibitor Ruxolitinib“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1860.1860.
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Abstract In retrospective studies, CALR mutation is found to be a favorable prognostic variable in myelofibrosis (MF) compared with JAK2, or MPL mutations. With the availability of the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (RUX) for treatment of MF, it is not yet known whether response varies across mutational subgroups and whether the prognostic implication of the driver mutations in terms of survival (OS) changes under RUX. We studied the prevalence and prognostic weight of clinical parameters in the IPSS and DIPSS-plus and the impact of RUX on OS in the context of mutation status. Patient and Methods: As of November 2009, RUX for treatment of splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms became an option at the University of Leipzig. All patients (pt) with MF seen since then were included (n=127; f=43%, median age 58 years) with the exception of pt with MPL mut+ because of small number. Screening for the JAK2V617F and CALR mutations was performed as previously published. Cytogenetic-risk categorization was conducted as published (Caramazza et al. Leukemia 2011). Results: JAK2 mut+ (group A; 60.6%) constituted the largest group, followed by CALR mut+ (group B; 19.7%), and triple-negative (group C; 19.7%). The median duration of MF was 22 months with no difference in the 3 groups. Higher-risk IPSS was present in the majority [Int-II 34.4%; high-risk 42.4%]. Constitutional symptoms were present across all groups, although more frequent in group A which was also characterized by prominent splenomegaly (Table). Group B pt were younger with low WBC in contrast to goup C pt who were older, anemic, with high WBC and low platelets, unfavorable cytogenetics and high-risk IPSS. Hb < 100 g/L (54%), and transfusion-dependency (32%) were frequently present in group B and was similar to group A. RUX was given to 72 (57%) pt [graoup A (66%), group B (56%), group C (29%)] with a median exposure of 8 months. The response of 80% was not influenced by the mutation status, cytogenetics, or IPSS variables. Leukemic transformation was documented in 22 pt [14 (64%) pt had no RUX exposure] after a median of 18 months after diagnosis. The incidence was highest in group C (36%) and lowest in group B (4%) (p=0.004). Unfavorable cytogenetics were 75%, and 27% in group C and A respectively. After a median follow-up of 31 months, OS at 3-years was 82% and worst in group C (72%) vs 80% for group A (p=0.05) vs 96% in goup B (p=0.003). In univariate analysis, non-mutated status (p=0.02), Int-2/high-risk IPSS (p=0.06), anemia (p=0.03), transfusion dependency (p=0.04), and platelets < 100 x109/L (p=0.06) but not unfavorable cytogenetics were associated with an inferior OS. In multivariate analysis, advanced IPSS only (p=0.04) but not the mutation status (p=0.4) retained its negative impact on OS. Generally, in group A pt treated with RUX (n=50), OS was only marginally inferior to group B (p=0.08). In pt with int-2/high-risk IPSS, OS in group A with RUX (n=41) was similar to that of group B (p=0.4). Conclusions: The mutation status in MF bestows distinct clinical phenotypes and has crucial prognostic and therapeutic implications. Patients with non-mutated MF had the worst prognosis, unfavourable cytogenetics, and the highest rate of leukemic transformation. Although the IPSS retains its value, the prognostic power of certain factors such as anemia and constitutional symptoms in CALR-mutated pt needs to be re-evaluated. Response to ruxolitinib seems to be independent of the mutation status. More importantly, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibition appears to be capable of attenuating the prognostic implication of the different mutation profiles by improving the less-favorable survival associated with non-CALR-mutated MF through a disease-modifying effect. The full potential of a sustained JAK1/JAK2 inhibition in modifying survival in the context of the various mutational profiles needs to be further studied in a larger cohort of patients. Table Clinical variables in patients with different driver mutations Variable JAK2 mut+ CALR mut+ Triple-negative p N (%) 77 (60.6) 25 (19.7) 25 (19.7) Median age (years) 59 51 61 0.02 Constitutional symptoms (%) 69 52 46 0.08 Median palpable spleen (cm) 10 4 3 0.001 Int-2/high-risk IPSS (%) 79 52 96 0.01 WBC > 25 x109/L (%) 21 11.5 44 0.008 Median peripheral blasts (%) 1 0.5 2 ns Median Hb (g/L) 106 99 86 0.008 Hb < 100 g/L (%) 42 54 80 0.03 Transfusion dependency (%) 33 32 67 0.009 Platelets < 100 x109/L (%) 30 8 52 0.04 Unfavorable cytogenetics (%) 31 14 48 0.06 Disclosures Al-Ali: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding. Jaekel:Novartis: Honoraria. Lange:Novartis: Honoraria. Roskos:Novartis: Honoraria. Niederwieser:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.
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Zhang, R., Q. Wang, G. Y. Sun, Q. Mao und M. L. Gleason. „First Report of Race 3 of Bipolaris zeicola on Corn in China“. Plant Disease 91, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2007): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-10-1360a.
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In Meixian County of Shaanxi Province, China, during the summer of 2002, mature corn plants in a field plot showed severe leaf spot symptoms. The lesions were narrow (3.5 to 18 mm long and 0.4 to 1.5 mm wide), grayish tan, and surrounded by a light- to dark-pigmented border. Leaves wilted when lesions coalesced. From 2002 to 2005, the disease was observed in other Shaanxi Province counties, including Yangling, Wugong, Qianxian, Longxian, and Qianyang, although in most cases, symptom development was less severe than it was in Meixian. Seven isolates from four counties were obtained by isolation from host tissue on potato dextrose agar (PDA), followed by single-spore culturing and incubation on PDA at 25°C in the dark for 7 days. Conidial suspensions were prepared from a single-spored culture on PDA plates. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying five corn seedlings (cv. Yuyu 22) at the three- to four-leaf stage in separate 10-cm-diameter pots with 10 ml of a conidial suspension (106 spores per ml) per plant. Each of three isolates was used in separate inoculations that were performed in different weeks. Controls were sprayed with sterile distilled water only. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h and incubated at 23 to 25°C in a chamber. One week after inoculation, leaves on all inoculated plants developed characteristic lesions, whereas untreated controls had no symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated from diseased leaves on PDA after surface sterilization with 2% NaOCl. On PDA, proliferation of conidia usually occurred on all sides of the conidiophore. Conidiophores were cylindrical, simple, smooth, septate, and straight to flexuous. Conidia were 49 to 89 μm long and 11 to 17 μm wide, with 3 to 10 distosepta, straight or moderately curved, dark or olivaceous brown, and the cells on the ends sometimes appeared paler than those in the middle. These characteristics match those of Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker. On the basis of the arbitrary primers selected by Jones et al. (1), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for species and physiological race determination. A single DNA fragment approximately 1.2 kb, which is characteristic of B. zeicola, was amplified from all seven isolates with arbitrary primer A20 (5′CTTGGATTC3′). Analysis of PCR products obtained with arbitrary primer A03 (5′AGTCAGCCAC3′) showed that all seven isolates lacked 2,700- and 2,300-base bands, and therefore, sorted into B. zeicola race 3. On the basis of pathogenicity, morphology, and RAPD band patterns of primer A20, the fungus was confirmed as B. zeicola. The shape of leaf lesions and RAPD band patterns using primer A03 showed further that the pathogen was race 3 of B. zeicola. Bai et al. (2) reported race 1 and race 2 of B. zeicola in China, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of race 3 in China. References: (1) M. J. Jones and L. D. Dunkle. Phytopathology 83:366, 1993. (2) J. K. Bai et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 12:61, 1982.
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Koike, S. T., N. A. Cintas und C. T. Bull. „Bacterial Blight, a New Disease of Broccoli Caused by Pseudomonas syringae in California“. Plant Disease 84, Nr. 3 (März 2000): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.3.370b.
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In 1998 and 1999, a new disease was detected in commercial broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) grown in the Salinas Valley, Monterey County, CA. Initial symptoms consisted of large, water-soaked, dark green, angular leaf sections that were bordered by major leaf veins. Diseased areas were as large as 10 × 3 cm. As the disease developed, affected areas turned tan and papery, and leaf margins sometimes became tattered. The numerous small (<1 cm diameter), round to angular spots that also were present retained their size and did not develop into larger lesions. A blue-green fluorescing pseudomonad was consistently isolated from both types of lesions on King's medium B. Strains were levan positive, oxidase negative, and arginine dihydrolase negative. Strains did not rot potato slices but induced a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Turk’). Fatty acid methyl ester analysis (MIS-TSBA version 4.10, MIDI, Inc., Newark, DE) indicated that the strains were highly similar (similarity ≥0.843) to Pseudomonas syringae. Biolog GN (version 3.50, Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA) profiles also identified the strains as P. syringae. Therefore, the bacterium associated with the disease was identified as P. syringae. Pathogenicity of 13 strains was demonstrated by greenhouse tests. The strains were grown as nutrient broth shake cultures for 48 h at 24°C, diluted to 106 CFU/ml, and misted onto broccoli (cvs. Patriot and Titleist) and broccoli raab (B. rapa subsp. rapa cv. Spring). Control plants were misted with sterile nutrient broth. After 4 to 5 days in a greenhouse (24 to 26°C), large angular leaf lesions developed on all inoculated broccoli and broccoli raab plants. Strains were reisolated from symptomatic tissue and identified as P. syringae. Control plants remained symptomless. The results of two sets of pathogenicity tests were the same. Unlike most P. syringae strains, those isolated from broccoli were sensitive to a bacteriophage recovered from a P. syringae pathovar that infects broccoli raab. These results suggest that the broccoli pathogen may be related to the bacterial blight pathogen of broccoli raab (1). This is the first report of this pathogen causing a disease on commercially grown broccoli. Reference: (1) S. T. Koike et al. Plant Dis. 82:727, 1998.